Name ___________________________________________ Period _________ Date ___________

Chapter 21 Reading Guide The Collapse and Recovery of Europe, 1914-1970s

Main Idea 1 - By 1900, Europeans largely controlled the worlds other people, but by 1950
European dominance had been shattered. The starting point of the decline of European power
was World War I.
An Accident Waiting to Happen
Big Picture Question
o What aspects of Europes nineteenth-century history contributed to the First World War?

Legacies of the Great War

Essential Terms & Concepts - Define each of the following terms as you go through the section.
Make sure you include the who/what, when, where, and significance in your definition.
o World War I/The Great War

Treaty of Versailles

Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points

Big Picture Question

o In what ways did World War I mark new departures in the history of the twentieth century?

Main Idea 2 - The aftermath of World War I caused major social, cultural, and economic
changes in the world, including a devastating change with the Great Depression.
Essential Terms & Concepts
o Great Depression

New Deal

Big Picture Question

o In what ways was the Great Depression a global phenomenon?

Main Idea 3 - In the 1920s and 1930s, Italy, Germany, and Japan saw the rise of highly
authoritarian, intensely nationalistic, territorially aggressive, and fiercely anticommunist
regimes.
The Fascist Alternative in Europe
Essential Terms & Concepts
o fascism
o

Benito Mussolini

Big Picture Question

o In what ways did fascism challenge the ideas and practices of European liberalism and
democracy?

Hitler and the Nazis

Essential Terms & Concepts
o Nazi Germany/Hitler

Big Picture Questions

o What was distinctive about the German expression of fascism? What was the basis of
popular support for the Nazis?

Japanese Authoritarianism
Essential Terms & Concepts
o Revolutionary Right (Japan)

Big Picture Question

How did Japans experience during the 1920s and 1930s resemble that of Germany, and
how did it differ?

Main Idea 4 - The dissatisfaction of Italy, Germany, and Japan with international arrangements
that came from the end of World War I led to a more genuine global conflict, World War II.
The Road to War in Asia
Essential Terms & Concepts
o World War II in Asia

The Road to War in Europe

Essential Terms & Concepts
o World War II in Europe

Big Picture Questions

o In what ways were the origins of World War II in Asia and in Europe similar to each other?
How were they different?

The Outcomes of Global Conflict

Essential Terms & Concepts
o total war
o

Holocaust

Big Picture Question

o How did World War II differ from World War I?

Main Idea 5 - Following World War II, Europe rebuilt their industrial economies and their
democratic political systems while the United States assumed a dominant role in the world.
Essential Terms & Concepts
o Marshall Plan

European Economic Community

NATO

Big Picture Question

o How was Europe able to recover from the devastation of war?

Big Picture Questions

To what extent were the two world wars distinct and different conflicts, and in what ways were
they related to each other? In particular, how did the First World War and its aftermath lay the
foundations for World War II?