Evaluasi Program Pengawasan Jamban Keluarga di Wilayah Kerja

Puskesmas Pedes Kabupaten Karawang

Periode Januari sampai dengan Desember 2015

Novitalia
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kedokteran Kristen Krida Wacana
lianovitalianovitalia@gmail.com

Abstrak
Tantangan pembangunan sanitasi di Indonesia adalah masalah sosial budaya dan perilaku
penduduk yang terbiasa buang air besar (BAB) di sembarang tempat, khususnya ke badan
air yang juga digunakan untuk mencuci, mandi dan kebutuhan higienis lainnya. Hasil studi
Indonesia Sanitation Sector Development Program (ISSDP) 2006 menunjukan 47%
masyarakat masih berperilaku dari buang air di sembarang tempat (BABS) ke sungai,
sawah, kolam, kebun dan tempat terbuka. Data Riskesdas 2013 menunjukkan bahwa
rumah tangga di Indonesia menggunakan fasilitas BAB milik sendiri (76,2%), milik
bersama (6,7%), dan fasilitas umum (4,2%).Meskipun sebagian besar rumah tangga di
Indonesia memiliki fasilitas BAB, masih terdapat rumah tangga yang tidak memiliki
fasilitas BAB sehingga melakukan BAB sembarangan, yaitu sebesar 12,9%. Proporsi
rumah tangga yang menggunakan fasilitas BAB milik sendiri di perkotaan lebih tinggi
(84,9%) dibandingkan di perdesaan (67,3%); sedangkan proporsi rumah tangga BAB di
fasilitas milik bersama dan umum maupun BAB sembarangan di perdesaan (masingmasing 6,9%, 5,0%, dan 20,8%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan di perkotaan (6,6%,
3,5%, dan 5,1%). Maka dilakukan evaluasi program dengan metode pengumpulan data,
analisis data, dan pengolahan data dengan cara membandingkan cakupan hasil program
terhadap tolak ukur yang telah ditetapkan dan menemukan penyebab masalah dengan
menggunakan pendekatan sistem. Dari hasil evaluasi didapatkan dua masalah yaitu
cakupan hasil pengawasan/inspeksi sarana jamban dengan besar masalah 47,77% dan
cakupan presentasi penduduk dengan akses fasilitas sanitasi yang layak/jamban sehat
dengan besar masalah 69,38%. Penyebab masalah yaitu pengawasan jamban yang tidak
maksimal, kurangnya koorodinasi antara penanggung jawab dengan koordinator program,
kurangnya kegiatan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat desa tentang jamban, dan kurangnya
kerja sama lintas sektoral dengan pemerintah setempat.
Kata kunci : BABS, Puskesmas Pedes, Evaluasi Program, Cakupan Pengawasan Jamban.

Program Evaluation about Toilet in the Work Area of

Puskesmas Pedes Kabupaten Karawang
Januari to Desember 2015

Novitalia
Fakulty of Medicine, Christian Krida Wacana University
lianovitalianovitalia@gmail.com

Abstract
Development challenges of sanitation in Indonesia is a cultural and social problems and
behavior of people accustomed to defecate in any place, especially to the body of water that is
also used for washing, bathing and other hygienic needs. The study Indonesia Sanitation Sector
Development Program (ISSDP) in 2006 showed 47% of people still behave defecate in any place
(Babs) into rivers, fields, pools, gardens and open spaces. Riskesdas data in 2013 showed that
the households in Indonesia using the facility own (76.2%), the common property (6.7%), and
public facilities (4.2%). Although the vast majority of households in Indonesia have facilities
BAB there is still a household that does not have the facilities to perform defecation BAB, at
12.9%. The proportion of households using its own facilities toilet higher in urban areas (84.9%)
than in rural areas (67.3%); while the proportion of households defecate in the commons and
public facilities as well as defecation in rural areas (respectively 6.9%, 5.0% and 20.8%) higher
than in urban areas (6.6%, 3, 5%, and 5.1%). So the program evaluation conducted by the
method of data collection, data analysis, and data processing by comparing the results of
program coverage with the benchmarks have been set and find the cause of the problem by using
a systems approach. The evaluation results obtained are two problems, namely coverage results
supervision / inspection means big problems latrine with 47.77% and coverage of population
with access presentation adequate sanitation facilities / latrines healthy with 69.38% of the
problems. The cause of the problem, namely the supervision of latrines is not the maximum, the
lack coordination between the person in charge of the program coordinators, lack of extension
services to rural people about the pit, and the lack of inter-sector cooperation with local
authorities.
Keywords: ODF, Puskesmas Pedes, Program Evaluation, Monitoring Coverage toilets.

Daftar Isi

Lembar Persetujuan ........

.i

Abstrak.. ii
Daftar Isi ,,,,,,,,.. iv
BAB I Pendahuluan ....... 1
1.1 Latar belakang...............

1.2 Rumusan Masalah.....................................................

1.3 Tujuan...

1.4 Manfaat.........

1.4.1

Bagi Evaluator.....................................................................................................

1.4.2

Bagi Perguruan Tinggi........................................................................................

1.4.3

Bagi Puskesmas yang Dievaluasi........................................................................

1.4.4

Bagi Masyarakat..................................................................................................

1.5 Sasaran..........................................................

BAB II Materi dan Metode ...........................................................................

2.1 Materi............................................................................................................ ........

2.2 Metode.......................................................................................................................

BAB III Kerangka Teoritis ............................................................................................................

3.1 Kerangka Teori.........................................................................................................

3.2 Tolok Ukur.................................................................................................... .......

BAB IV Penyajian Data ...............................................................................................................

4.1 Sumber data............................................................................................. ...................

9
4

4.2 Data Umum.............................................................................................. ...................

4.3 Data khusus..................................................................................................................

12

4.3.1 Masukan..................................................................................................................

12

4.3.2 Proses......................................................................................................................

16

4.3.3 Keluaran..................................................................................................................

19

4.3.4 Lingkungan.............................................................................................................

20

4.3.5 Umpan Balik...........................................................................................................

20

4.3.6 Dampak....................................................................................................................

21

BAB V Pembahasan Masalah ...........................................................

22

BAB VI Perumusan Masalah .....................................................

27

BAB VII Penyelesaian Masalah ............................................................................

30

BAB VIII Penutup ..... ...............................................................................................................

33

Daftar Pustaka ........................................................................................................................

35

Lampiran .....................................................................................................................................