Generating Electricity from Speed Breakers

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS
68
www.final-yearproject.com | www.finalyearthesis.com
ABSTRACT
This project harvests energy from speed breaker by making gear arrangement and using
electronics gadgets. Large amounts amount of electricity can be generated saving lot of
money.
And
if
implemented
will
be
very
beneficial
for
Government.
When vehicle is in motion it produces various forms of energy like, due to friction
between vehicles wheel and road i.e. rough surface HEAT Energy is produced, also
when
vehicle
traveling
at
high
speed
strikes
the
wind.
The principle involved is POTENTIAL ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

CONVERSION. There is a system to generate power by converting the potential energy
generated by a vehicle going up on a speed breaker into kinetic energy. When the vehicle
moves over the inclined plates, it gains height resulting in increase in potential energy,
which is wasted in a conventional rumble strip. When the breaker comes down, they
crank a lever fitted to a ratchet-wheel type mechanism (a angular motion converter)
which in turn rotates a geared shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output of this shaft is
coupled to a dynamo to convert kinetic energy into electricity.
70
INTRODUCTION:
An energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy
resources to an economy. It usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to
electricity or other natural resources. An energy crisis may be referred to as an oil crisis,
petroleum crisis, energy shortage, electricity shortage electricity crisis. While not
entering a full crisis, political riots that occurred during the 2007 Burmese antigovernment protests were initially sparked by rising energy prices. Likewise the RussiaUkraine gas dispute and the Russia-Belarus energy dispute have been mostly resolved
before entering a prolonged crisis stage. Market failure is possible when monopoly
manipulation of markets occurs.
A crisis can develop due to industrial actions like union organized strikes
and government embargoes. The cause may be ageing over-consumption, infrastructure
and sometimes bottlenecks at oil refineries and port facilities restrict fuel supply. An
emergency may emerge during unusually cold winters. EMERGING SHORTAGES
Crisis that currently exist include; Oil price increases since 2003 - Cause: increasing
demand from the U.S and China, the falling state of the U.S. dollar, and stagnation of
production due to the U.S. occupation of Iraq. Iraq is #3 in the world (besides Saudi
Arabia and Iran) for its oil reserves. However some observers have stated the global oil
production peak occurred in December 2005. If this is correct it is also to blame. 2008
Central Asia energy crisis, caused by abnormally cold temperatures and low water levels
in an area dependent on hydroelectric power
South African electrical crisis Solution for Energy Crisis NEXT time on
the roads, dont scoff at the speed-breakers. They could actually light up small villages
off the highway. This project is about GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY with the
SPEED BREAKERS. Generally when vehicle is in motion it produces various forms of
energy like, due to friction between vehicles wheel and road i.e. rough surface HEAT
Energy is produced, also when vehicle traveling at high speed strikes the wind then also
heat energy is produced which is always lost in environment and of which we cant make
71
use of.OR directly we can say that all this energy that we cant make use of is just the
WASTAGE OF ENERGY that is abundantly available around us. In this project we are
just trying to make use of such energy in order to generate an ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
This project will work on the principle of POTENTIAL ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL
ENERGY CONVERSION Potential energy can be thought of as energy stored within a
physical system. This energy can be released or converted into other forms of energy,
including kinetic energy. It is called potential energy because it has the potential to
change the states of objects in the system when the energy is released If h is the height
above an arbitrarily assigned reference point, then Kinetic energy of an object is the extra
energy which it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate
a body of a given mass from rest to its current velocity. Having gained this energy during
its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes. Negative
work of the same magnitude would be required to return the body to a state of rest from
that velocity.
The kinetic energy can be calculated using the formula: In this project a
mechanism to generate power by converting the potential energy generated by a vehicle
going up on a speed breaker into kinetic energy. When the vehicle moves over the
inclined plates, it gains height resulting in increase in potential energy, which is wasted in
a conventional rumble strip When the breaker come down, they crank a lever fitted to a
ratchet-wheel type mechanism (a angular motion converter). This in turn rotates a geared
shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output of this shaft is coupled to a dynamo to
convert kinetic energy into electricity. A vehicle weighing 1,000 kg going up a height of
10 cm on such a rumble strip produces approximately 0.98 kilowatt power. So one such
speed-breaker on a busy highway, where about 100 vehicles pass every minute, about one
kilo watt of electricity can be produced every single minute.
A vehicle weighing 1,000 kg going up a height of 10 cm on such a rumble
strip produces approximately 0.98 kilowatt power. So one such speed-breaker on a
busy highway, where about 100 vehicles pass every minute, about one kilo watt of
electricity can be produced every single minute. The figure will be huge at the end of
72
the day, he said.

The Assam power ministry is expected to back the IIT pilot project.
Das says a storage module like an inverter will have to be fitted to each such
rumble strip to store this electricity. The cost of electricity generation and storage per
mega watt from speed-breakers will be nearly Rs 1 crore as opposed to about Rs 8
crore in thermal or hydro power stations.
Next time on the roads, don't scoff at the speed-breakers. They could actually
light up small villages off the highway.An amateur innovator in Guwahati has developed
a simple contraption that can generate power when a vehicle passes over a speed breaker.
Kanak Gogoi, a small time businessman, has developed a mechanism to generate power
by converting the potential energy generated by a vehicle going up on a speed breaker
into kinetic energy. The innovation has caught the eye of the Indian Institute of
Technology (iit), Guwahati, which will fund a pilot project to generate electricity from
speed-breakers.
The idea is basic physics. Gogoi has welded five-metre-long metal plates into the
speed-breaker instead of the conventional bitumen-and-stone-chip rumble strip. The
plates are movable and inclined with the help of a spring-loaded hydraulic system. The
fulcrum-attached plates are pushed down when a vehicle moves over them and bounce
back to original position as it passes.
"When the vehicle moves over the inclined plates, it gains height resulting in
increase in potential energy, which is wasted in a conventional rumble strip," Gogoi says.
"When the plates come down, they crank a lever fitted to a ratchet-wheel type
mechanism. This in turn rotates a geared shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output of
this shaft is coupled to a dynamo to convert kinetic energy into electricity," he explains.
IIT Guwahati has evaluated the machine and recommended it to the Assam
ministry of power for large scale funding. A K Das, a professor at iit's design department
73
says it is a 'very viable proposition' to harness thousands of mega watts of electricity

untapped across the country every day.
"A vehicle weighing 1,000 kg going up a height of 10 cm on such a rumble strip
produces approximately 0.98 kilowatt power. So one such speed-breaker on a busy
highway, where about 100 vehicles pass every minute, about one kilo watt of electricity
can be produced every single minute. The figure will be huge at the end of the day," he
said.
The Assam power ministry is expected to back the iit pilot project.
Das says a storage module like an inverter will have to be fitted to each such
rumble strip to store this electricity. The cost of electricity generation and storage per
mega watt.
BASIC PRINCIPLES:
simple energy conversion from mechanical to electrical.

to generate electricity using the vehicle kinetic energy as input
we can develope electricity from speed breakers
they are using 3 different mechanisms:
I. Roller mechanism
II. Rack- Pinion mechanism
III. Crank-shaft mechanism
74
ROLLER MECHANISM:
ake use of.OR directly we can say that
A roller blind mechanism for winding and unwinding a rollable blind, the
mechanism comprising a support element, a drive sprocket which is rotatably mounted on
the support element for transmitting rotational movement to a blind supporting member,
and a manually-movable elongate flexible drive element which includes a plurality of
interlinked tooth-engaging elements, the drive sprocket including a plurality of flexible
teeth engagable with the tooth-engaging elements of the flexible drive element.
A roller blind mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein a radial extent of the teeth of the
75
drive sprocket is equal to or greater than a maximum dimension of the tooth-engaging

elements of the flexible drive element.
A roller blind mechanism as claimed in claim 2, wherein the radial extent is equal
to or greater than twice the maximum dimension of the tooth-engaging elements of the
flexible drive element.
A roller blind mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the teeth of the drive
sprocket flex in a circumferential direction of the sprocket.
Rack and Pinion mechanism:
GY that is abundantly available around us. In this project we are just trying to make use of such energy in
order to generat
Rack and pinion gears normally change rotary motion into linear motion, but
sometimes we use them to change linear motion into rotary motion.
They transform a rotary movement (that of the pinion) into a linear movement
76
(that of the rack) or vice versa.

We use them for sliding doors moved by an electric motor.The rack is attached
to the door and the pinion is attached to the motor. The motor moves the pinion which
moves the rack and the door moves.
CRANKSHAFT MECHANISM:
The crankshaft is a mechanism that transforms rotary
movement into linear movement, or vice versa.
For example, the motion of the pistons in the engine
of a car is linear (they go up and down).
But the motion of the wheels has to be rotary.
So, engineers put a crankshaft between the engine
and the transmission to the wheels.
The pistons of the engine move the crankshaft and
the movement becomes rotary.
Then the rotary movement goes past the clutch and
the gear box all the way to the wheels.
77
ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM OF ROLLER MECHANISM:

oil production peak occurred in December
Before starting I have one question to you all who is really very happy
with the current situation of the electricity in India? I suppose no one . so this is my step
to improve the situation of electricity with a innovative and useful concept ie Generating
Electricity from a Speed breaker First of all what is electricity means to us? Electricity is
the form of energy. It is the flow of electrical Power . Electricity is a basic part of nature
and it is one of our most widely used forms of energy. We get electricity, which is a
secondary energy source, from the conversion of other sources of energy, like coal,
natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources, which are called primary
sources. Many cities and towns were built alongside water falls that turned water wheels
to perform work. Before electricity generation began slightly over 100 years ago, houses
were lit with kerosene lamps, food was cooled in iceboxes, and rooms were warmed by
wood-burning or coal-burning stoves. Direct current (DC) electricity had been used in arc
lights for outdoor lighting. In the late-1800s, Nikola Tesla pioneered the generation,
transmission, and use of alternating current (AC) electricity, which can be transmitted
over much greater distances than direct current. Tesla's inventions used electricity to
bring indoor lighting to our homes and to power industrial machines. How is electricity
generated?
Electricity generation was first developed in the 1800's using Faradays dynamo
generator. Almost 200 years later we are still using the same basic principles to generate
electricity, only on a much larger scale.
The rotor(rotating shaft) is directly connected to the prime mover and rotates as
the prime mover turns. The rotor contains a magnet that, when turned, produces a moving
or rotating magnetic field. The rotor is surrounded by a stationary casing called the stator,
which contains the wound copper coils or windings. When the moving magnetic field
passes by these windings, electricity is produced in them. By controlling the speed at
which the rotor is turned, a steady flow of electricity is produced in the windings. These
windings
are
connected
to
the
electricity
network
78
via
transmission
lines.
Now I m throwing some light on the very new and innovative concept ie
GENERATING ELECTRICITY FROM A SPEED BREAKER . Producing electricity
from a speed breaker is a new concept that is under going research. The number of
vehicles on road is increasing rapidly and if we convert some of the kinetic energy of
these vehicle into the rotational motion of roller then we can produce considerable
amount of electricity, this is the main concept of this project. In this project, a roller is
fitted in between a speed breaker and some kind of a grip is provided on the speed
breaker so that when a vehicle passes over speed breaker it rotates the roller. This
movement of roller is used to rotate the shaft of D.C. generator by the help of chain drive
which is there to provide 1:5 speed ratio . As the shaft of D.C. generator rotates, it
produces electricity. This electricity is stored in a battery. Then the output of the battery
is used to lighten the street lamps on the road. Now during daytime we don?t need
electricity for lightening the street lamps so we are using a control switch which is
manually operated .The control switch is connected by wire to the output of the battery.
The control switch has ON/OFF mechanism which allows the current to flow when
needed.
One question that u all are thinking is why I have apply this on the speed breaker
and not on the rough road or plane road where the kinetic energy of the vehicle is more
then what I m getting on the speed breaker I m giving u one example, just think over it.
A car or any heavy vehicle is coming with a speed of 100 mph on the road and
passing over this roller which is fitted at the level of the road then this roller is gaining
the speed nearly somewhere 90 mph (due to losses). So now suppose a cycle is coming
with a speed of 20 mph and is going to pass this roller (which is moving at a speed of 90
mph) due to this difference in the speed there will be a collision that is the main reason
for using this concept on the speed breaker
79
Side View
Top View
80
ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM OF RACK AND PINION

MECHANISM:(POWER HUMP):
In the present scenario power becomes major need for human life. Due to
day-to-day increase in population and lessen of the conventional sources, it becomes
necessary that we must depend on non-conventional sources for power generation. While
moving, the vehicles posses some kinetic energy and it is being wasted. This kinetic
energy can be utilized to produce power by using a special arrangement called POWER
HUMP.
The Kinetic energy of moving vehicles can be converted into mechanical
energy of the shaft through rack and pinion mechanism. This shaft is connected to the
electric dynamo and it produces electrical energy proportional to traffic density. This
generated power can be regulated by using zenor diode for continuous supply .All this
mechanism can be housed under the dome like speed breaker, which is called hump.
The generated power can be used for general purpose like streetlights, traffic
signals. The electrical output can be improved by arranging these power humps in series
this generated power can be amplified and stored by using different electric devices. The
maintenance cost of hump is almost nullified. By adopting this arrangement, we can
satisfy the future demands to some extent.
KEY WORDS:
Non-conventional sources, Kinetic energy, Electro-mechanical unit, Speed

breaker, magnetic field.
81
INTRODUCTION:
In the present scenario power becomes the major need for human life .The
availability and its percapita consumptions is regarded as the index of national standard
of living in the present day civilization. Energy is an important input in all the sectors of
any countries economy. Energy crisis is due to two reasons, firstly the population of the
world has been increased rapidly and secondly standard of living of human beings has
increased. India is the country, which majorly suffers with lack of sufficient power
generation. The capital energy consumption of U.S.A. is about 8000 K.W.H., where as
per INDIA is only 150 K.W.H. U.S.A. with 7% of world population consumes 32% of
total power generation where as INDIA as developing country with 20% of world
population consumes only 1% of total energy consumed in the world.
The availability of regular conventional fossil fuels will be the main sources for
power generation, but there is a fear that they will get exhausted eventually by the next
few decades. Therefore, we have to investigate some approximate, alternative, new
sources for the power generation, which is not depleted by the very few years.
Another major problem, which is becoming the exiting topic for today is the
pollution. It suffers all the living organisms of all kinds as on the land, in aqua and in air.
Power stations and automobiles are the major pollution producing places. Therefore, we
have to investigate other types of renewable sources, which produce electricity without
using any commercial fossil fuels, which is not producing any harmful products.
There are already existing such systems using renewable energy such as solar
wind), OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversions) etcfor power generation. The latest
technology which is used to generate the power by such renewable energy is the
POWER HUMP.
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
While moving, the vehicles possess some kinetic energy and it is being wasted.
This kinetic energy can be utilized to produce power by using a special arrangement
called POWER HUMP. It is an Electro-Mechanical unit. It utilizes both mechanical
technologies and electrical techniques for the power generation and its storage. POWER
HUMP is a dome like device likely to be speed breaker.
82
Whenever the vehicle is allowed to pass over the dome it gets pressed downwards
then the springs are attached to the dome are compressed and the rack which is attached
to the bottom of the dome moves downward in reciprocating motion. Since the rack has
teeth connected to gears, there exists conversion of reciprocating motion of rack into
rotary motion of gears but the two gears rotate in opposite direction. A flywheel is
mounted on the shaft whose function is to regulate the fluctuation in the energy and to
make the energy uniform. So that the shafts will rotate with certain R.P.M. these shafts
are connected through a belt drive to the dynamos, which converts the mechanical energy
into electrical energy. The conversion will be proportional to traffic density.
Whenever an armature rotates between the magnetic fields of south and north
poles, an E.M.F (electro motive force) is induced in it. So, for inducing the E.M.F
armature coil has to rotate, for rotating this armature it is connected to a long shaft. By
rotating same e.m.f, is induced, for this rotation kinetic energy of moving vehicles is
utilized. The power is generated in both the directions; to convert this power into one way
a special component is used called zenor diode for continuous supply. All this mechanism
can be housed under the dome, like speed breaker, which is called HUMP. The electrical
output can be improved by arranging these POWER HUMPS in series. This generated
power can be amplified and stored by using different electrical devices.
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS:
The various machine elements used in the construction of power hump are
RACK
SPUR GEAR
FLY WHEEL
BEARINGS
SHAFT
SPRINGS
ELECTRIC DYNAMO
83
A dome is mounted on four springs and in the bottom, a rack is clamped. The
rack consists contact teeth on both the faces. It is connected to two gear wheels to rotate
the gear wheels only in one direction. We have inserted a free wheel in each gear. The
free wheel and the gear assembly are mounted centrally. The flywheel is also mounted on
the same shaft and the shaft is simply supported at the both ends by means of ball
bearings. Now a dynamo is connected to each shaft by belt drive. The output terminal of
dynamo is connected to an electrical storing device. The total assembly is arranged in
concrete pit.
S.NO
NAME OF THE MATERIAL USED
QUANTITY
COMPONENT
1
RACK
MILD STEEL
SPUR GEAR
CAST IRON
FLY WHEEL
CAST IRON
SHAFT
MILD STEEL
SPRINGS
CHROME-
VANADIUM
ALLOY STEEL
6
BEARINGS
HIGH
CARBON
CHROMIUM
STEEL
7
ELECTRIC
____
DYNAMO
84
RACK:
Its primary function is to convert translatory motion into rotary motion. It must
have higher strength, rigidity and resistance to shock load and less wear and tear.
Fig: Line diagram of power hump
SPUR GEAR:
It is a positive power transmission device with definite velocity ratio. In volute
teeth profile is preferred for adjusting some linear misalignment. It should have high wear
and tear, shock-absorbing capacity.
85
FLY WHEEL:
The primary function of flywheel is to act as an energy accumulator. It reduces the
fluctuations in speed. It absorbs the energy when demand is less and release the same
when it is required.
SHAFTS:
It is a rotating element, which is used to transmit power from one place to another
place. It supports the rotating elements like gears and flywheels. It must have high
torsional rigidity and lateral rigidity.
SPRINGS:
It is defined as an elastic body whose function is to distort when loaded and to
recover its original shape when the load is removed. It cushions, absorbs or controls
energy either due to shocks or due to vibrations.
BEARINGS:
It is a machine element, which supports another machinery. It permits relative
motion between the contacting surfaces while carrying the loads. They reduce the friction
and transmit the motion effectively.
ELECTRIC DYNAMO:
It is a device, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It works
based on faradays laws of electromagnetic induction.
FIRST LAW:
Whenever a conductor cuts across magnetic lines of flux an e.m.f is induced in it.
SECOND LAW:
The magnitude of induced e.m.f is equals to the rate of change of flux.
86
CONCLUSION:
Energy is an important input to sustain industrial growth and standard of living
of a country and can be directly related to per-capita energy consumption. The
conventional sources energy like coal, oil, uranium etc are depleting very fast and by
the turn of the century man will have to depend upon non conventional sources of energy
for power generation.
The various types of non-conventional sources of energy are solar energy, wind
energy, biogas etc now by developing POWER HUMP we can generate power with
out utilizing any external sources mentioned earlier.
Now, vehicular traffic in big cities is more, causing a problem to human being.
But this vehicular traffic can also be utilized for power generation by means of new
technique called POWER HUMP. If it is placed in heavy traffic roads, the weight and
kinetic energy of the vehicles can be used to produce mechanical power in shafts and this
mechanical power is once again converted into electrical energy.
As it does not utilize any external source, and traffic will never be reduced,
these power humps are more reliable, and have more life than any other power source. It
is also feasible from the customer point of view as follows.
The total installation cost of the hump is 6000 rupees.
Total cost = 6000 rupees
Say with improvements in design it can glow 5 streetlights of 40-watt capacity,
which will consume 2.7 K.W.H. per day.
For t years electricity bill will be 2986.5*t
T=2years
i.e. the consumer will be repaid his investment with in 2 years period. From this
onwards, there will be no investment and free of cost. The life of POWER HUMP is
estimated to be 6 years. So the customer will get free power generation for 4 years period.
But the major drawback of this POWER HUMP is design of springs. When
we have less traffic and there is difficulty in design of springs also the generation of
power is intermittent, we have to smooth out this variations.
87
With proper improvements in design and installation, we can produce

240v/230v with 5-10A power smoothly and can be used for public use like streetlights or
traffic signals.
ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM OF RACK AND PINION

MECHANISM:
This mechanism
is the third mechanism . it is the crank shaft mechanism
.whenever the vehicle going on the speed breaker ,the speed breaker goes downwards .so,
the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. here, we are used crank shaft
88
mechanism for the development of the small amount of electricity. the electricity saves
on the battery storage unit .the crank shaft mechanism is regained its previous position
vice versa..
Advantages:
Low budget electricity production

Less floor area
No obstruction to traffic
Easy maintenance
Suitable at parking of multiplexes, malls, toll booths, signals, etc.
Uses: Charging batteries and using them to light up the streets, etc
Disadvantages:
Selecting suitable generator.

Selection of springs.
Achieving proper balance of speed and torque.
It gives low electric output
89
Conclusion:
As day by day power consumption increases but electric crisis occur. So the
minor needs of electricity such as street lights and traffic sigals can be generated from
speed breakers. Instead of wasting kinetic energy of vehicles at speed breakers the minor
needs can be met bt converting kinetic energy to electrical energy.
90

Generating Electricity from Speed Breakers

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POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

The principle involved is POTENTIAL ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

the day, he said.

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

says it is a 'very viable proposition' to harness thousands of mega watts of electricity

simple energy conversion from mechanical to electrical.

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

ake use of.OR directly we can say that

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

drive sprocket is equal to or greater than a maximum dimension of the tooth-engaging

Rack and Pinion mechanism:

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

(that of the rack) or vice versa.

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM OF ROLLER MECHANISM:

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM OF RACK AND PINION

Non-conventional sources, Kinetic energy, Electro-mechanical unit, Speed

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

NAME OF THE MATERIAL USED

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

Fig: Line diagram of power hump

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

With proper improvements in design and installation, we can produce

ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM OF RACK AND PINION

is the third mechanism . it is the crank shaft mechanism

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

Low budget electricity production

Selecting suitable generator.

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

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