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Abstract
Growing demand for construction materials necessitated the
usage of alternate materials in the production of
conventional concrete. The present study discusses the
influence of rubber tyre and copper slag in the behaviour of
composite concrete. Copper slag content has been varied
from 35% to 45% as a replacement of fine aggregate and for
coarse aggregate, rubber tyre content is varied from 7.5% to
12.5%. Ordinary Portland cement of 43 grade and M30
grade of concrete is used. The test specimens are cured for a
period of 7, 14 and 28 days and tested for compressive
strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. The
results are compared with conventional concrete. From the
results, it was observed that the use of copper slag and
rubber tyre in concrete has shown considerable increase in
strength and reduction of cost when compared with normal
concrete.
Keywords - Concrete, copper slag and rubber tyre.
I. INTRODUCTION
Construction concrete is the most adaptable construction
material as it can be designed to withstand tough
environments. Conventional concrete consist of fine
aggregate (sand), coarse aggregate (gravel) and binder
material (cement). Excessive consumption of construction
materials roots for the growth in demand of these materials.
This massive demand compels the usage of alternate
materials in concrete. Copper slag is a by-product material
produced from the process of copper manufacturing. It was
obtained as a result of manufacturing of copper electrodes in
Sterlite industry. Four lakh tons of copper is produced by
Sterlite industries in India. 2.2 tons of copper slag is formed
for every ton of copper production. Now a days rubber is
employed in majority of the products because of its
flexibility and durability. Disposal of these waste tyres that
are generated, pose a major problem. Because tires are bulky
and 75% of the space a tire is void, so that the land filling of
scrap tires especially as whole tyres occupies a large volume
of space. Tires tend to float or rise in a landfill and come to
the surface. The void space in tyres acts as a breeding space
for rodents. Thus an attempt is made to employ the usage of
copper and rubber tyre in concrete to improve its economy
and making it ecofriendly.
Aisien et al (2006)[1] dealt a laboratory scale
evaluation of the feasibility of using ground rubber from
scrap tyres, in dry process hot-mix asphalt concrete used for
road pavement. The rubber to asphalt ratio (by weight) of
the specimens that was initially kept constant at 0.2 was
subsequently varied from 0.1 to 0.5 using different rubber
particle sizes. The Marshall method was used to prepare
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Name
Physical properties
Particle Shape
Irregular
2.
Type
Air Cooled
3.
Appearance
4.
Specific Gravity
3.91
5.
Water Absorption %
0.15 - 0.20
6.
Bulk Density
2.08
Rubber tyre
The Rubber tyres may be classified into two
major groups as tyres from light vehicle and heavy vehicle.
This project is based on usage of waste rubber tyres from
light vehicles such as bikes and cars. Waste tyres were
collected from the available local resources. The waste
rubber tyres from local godown are shown in Fig. 2.2.
The tyres were manually chopped into small
pieces of required shape and size. The maximum size of
aggregate was 20 mm. Chopped rubber pieces were
thoroughly cleansed with pure water and are sun dried. The
chopper rubber tyre pieces were shown in Fig. 2.3.
All the faces of the rubber tyre pieces were
roughened manually. Coarse aggregates were replaced with
various percentage of discarded tyre rubber. The specific
gravity of rubber tyre waste was found to be 1.123.
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Compressive strength
Compressive strength is most important
property of the hardened concrete. The concrete cubes were
casted, cured and tested accordance with IS standard and 7,
14, & 28 days. Compressive strength result of concrete are
listed in Table 3.1. The highest compressive strength value
is 35.7 Mpa which is obtained at 28 days by replacement of
40% of fine aggregate by copper slag and 10% of coarse
aggregate by rubber tyre by weight of concrete. Fig 3.1 and
Table 3.1 shows that the compressive strength of concrete
for various mixes. Figure was drawn between compressive
strength and curing periods for the various mixes. From the
result, the optimum strength is obtained at replacement of
40% of fine aggregate by copper slag and 10% of coarse
aggregate by rubber tyre by weight of concrete.
Methods
In this project, M30 grade concrete was taken
in which 40% fine aggregate was replaced by copper slag
and 10% coarse aggregate was replaced by rubber tyre and
cured for 7, 14 and 28 days and tested for compressive
strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. The
results obtained from those test were noted.
Mix
%
Copper
slag
%
Rubber
Tyre
M0
M1
7days
2
14days
2
28days
(N/mm )
(N/mm )
(N/mm2)
22.1
26.4
31.4
35
26.3
30.7
33.2
M2
40
31.7
35.5
39.5
M3
45
29.4
33.3
35.6
M4
40
7.5
23.9
26..7
30.2
M5
40
10
27.6
32.2
35.7
M6
40
12.5
25.3
28.1
31.1
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40
30
39
3533
33 35 3531
32
3129
30
30
27
26
26 28
23 25
4.2
3.9
3.8 3.9 3.9
3.6 3.7 3.4
3.5
3.4
3.2
3 3.1 2.8
2.9 3
2.4 2.5
4
3
2
1
0
7 days
14 days
28 days
Curi ng periods
20
10
0
7 days
14 days
28 days
35%CS & 0% RT
40%CS & 0% RT
45%CS & 0% RT
Curing periods
35%CS & 0% RT
40%CS & 0% RT
45%CS & 0% RT
Copper
Rubber
slag
tyre
M0
M1
7days
14days
28 days
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
2.6
3.0
3.2
35
3.0
3.6
3.8
M2
40
3.4
3.9
4.2
M3
45
3.1
3.7
3.9
M4
40
7.5
2.4
2.9
3.2
M5
40
10
2.8
3.4
M6
40
12.5
2.5
3.0
Mix
Mix
% Copper
Slag
% Rubber
Tyre
28 days
(N/mm2)
3.9
M0
35.4
3.5
M1
35
48.4
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M2
40
50.9
M3
45
47.6
M4
40
7.5
37.2
M5
40
10
39.8
M6
40
12.5
38.4
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
48.4
50.9
47.6
37.2
39.8
38.4
28 days
Curing periods
35%CS & 0% RT
40%CS & 0% RT
45%CS & 0% RT
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
Figure 3.6 Specimen after Tested for Flexural Strength
[5]
IV. CONCLUSION
The experimental study was performed to determine the
Characteristics of (M30) concrete with the replacement of
fine and coarse aggregate by copper slag (CS) and rubber
tyre (RT) respectively. Rubber tyre and copper slag were
added in various percentages by weight of concrete.
Compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural
strength for 7, 14, 28 days were determined for the casted
concrete specimens. Test results concluded that 40%
replacement of copper slag for fine aggregate and 10%
replacement of rubber tyre for coarse aggregate showed
optimum result when compared to conventional concrete.
[6]
[7]
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