Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Diseno Estadistico
Diseno Estadistico
Felipe de Mendiburu
Contenido
1. La investigacin y el diseo de
experimentos.
2. Principios bsicos de experimentacin
3. Uso del R para diseos de experimentos
4. Aplicaciones
Porque Investigar?
Diseo Experimental
El Diseo es una etapa fundamental
de la experimentacin.
Completo al azar,
Diseos de bloques,
Cuadrado latino,
Parcelas divididas,
Bloques divididos, etc.
En campo de agricultores puede planearse
los diseos de bloques o diseos con
balance incompleto, grupos balanceados,
aumentados, Mother & baby, etc .
CIP-la Molina
Huancayo
SAN
RAMON
Diseo en Bloques
Barrera
Barrera
Barrera
Rotacin de
cultivos
Experimento para el
control de rancha
Banco de
Germoplasma de
papa nativa
Contenido
1. La investigacin y el diseo de
experimentos.
2. Principios bsicos de experimentacin
3. Uso del R para diseos de experimentos
4. Aplicaciones
Diseo Experimental
El tema del diseo experimental ha recibido siempre
mucha atencin
El investigador dispone de nuevos mtodos estadsticos
para la solucin de los problemas.
Los problemas involucran las condiciones del
campo en rea experimental y en campo de
agricultores, laboratorio e invernadero.
Mediante el uso de diseos y anlisis estadstico
apropiado, las decisiones son confiables
Avance en la investigacin
1. la aleatorizacin,
2. la repeticin y
3. control local.
--Es de vital importancia para el investigador
comprender la lgica de estos principios para
disear experimentos eficaces
I
Repeticin
II
Aleatorizacin
Validez de los
clculos del error
III
Control Local
Disminucin
del error
Contenido
1. La investigacin y el diseo de
experimentos.
2. Principios bsicos de experimentacin
3. Uso del R para diseos de
experimentos
4. Aplicaciones
Lenguaje S
Robert Gentleman
Projecto R
R&R
Ross Ihaka
Diseo de experimentos
aleatorizacin y libro de campo
Alpha design, Graeco, latin square, CRD, RCBD , BIB.
Parcelas
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]
[2,]
[3,]
[4,]
101
105
109
113
102
106
110
114
103
107
111
115
104
108
112
116
[,1]
[,2]
[,3]
[,4]
Libro de campo
> plan
plots cols block trt replication
1
1
1
1
c
1
2
2
2
1
a
1
3
3
3
1
d
1
4
4
1
2
j
1
...
35
36
35
36
2
3
12
12
g
d
3
3
II
[1,]
[2,]
[3,]
[4,]
III
[,1]
[1,]
[2,]
[3,]
[4,]
[,2]
j
l
c
b
[,3]
a
f
k
g
e
h
i
d
[,1]
j
k
a
l
[,2]
c
g
i
d
[,3]
b
h
f
e
Parameters BIB
==============
Lambda
: 3
treatmeans : 5
Block size : 3
Blocks
: 10
Replication: 6
Efficiency factor
0.8333333
<<< Book >>>
[,1]
"C"
"E"
"E"
"B"
"A"
"B"
"A"
"C"
"B"
"D"
[,2]
"D"
"B"
"C"
"A"
"E"
"C"
"C"
"A"
"E"
"E"
[,3]
"E"
"D"
"B"
"D"
"C"
"D"
"B"
"D"
"A"
"A"
>
>
>
>
"Super-Duper")
[,2]
"B"
"D"
"B"
"A"
"C"
[,3]
"D"
"C"
"C"
"D"
"A"
[,4]
"A"
"A"
"D"
"C"
"B"
lsd <-design.lsd(trt,45,kinds="Super-Duper")
plan <-as.character(lsd[,4])
[,1] [,2]
dim(plan) <-c(4,4)
[1,] "C" "A"
print(t(plan))
[2,] "D" "B"
- Filas
[3,] "A" "C"
Latino
[4,] "B" "D"
[,3]
"B"
"C"
"D"
"A"
[,4]
"D"
"A"
"B"
"C"
- Columnas
[,1]
"C"
"B"
"A"
"B"
"D"
Contenido
1. La investigacin y el diseo de
experimentos.
2. Principios bsicos de experimentacin
3. Uso del R para diseos de experimentos
4. Aplicaciones
60
40
20
A1 <- 7*(80+40)/2
A2 <- 7*(80+90)/2
A<-A1+A2
A2 = 595
A1 = 420
evaluation
80
100
> absolute<-audpc(evaluation,dates,type="absolute")
> absolute
AUDPC = 1015
[1] 1015
>
14
16
18
20
22
dates
24
26
28
>
>
>
>
>
>
library(agricolae)
data(disease)
dates<-c(7,14,21)
indice<-audpc(disease[,4:6], dates, type = "relative")
disease<-data.frame(disease,audpc=indice)
disease<-data.frame(disease,audpc=indice)
ANTES
> disease
plots rep trt E2
1
101
1 T1 4
2
102
1 T2 3
3
103
1 T3 3
4
104
1 T4 0
5
105
1 T5 0
6
106
1 T6 2
7
107
1 T0 7
8
201
2 T1 6
9
202
2 T2 3
10
203
2 T3 2
...
18
304
3 T4 5
19
305
3 T5 2
20
306
3 T6 3
21
307
3 T0 11
DESPUES
E5
9
6
4
0
0
2
14
12
7
3
E7 yield
10
16
7
11
6
24
2
27
2
28
4
23
23
11
14
14
14
18
5
26
12
9
6
21
15
15
12
35
11
10
11
8
> disease
plots rep trt E2
1
101
1 T1 4
2
102
1 T2 3
3
103
1 T3 3
4
104
1 T4 0
5
105
1 T5 0
6
106
1 T6 2
7
107
1 T0 7
8
201
2 T1 6
9
202
2 T2 3
10
203
2 T3 2
...
18
304
3 T4 5
19
305
3 T5 2
20
306
3 T6 3
21
307
3 T0 11
E5
9
6
4
0
0
2
14
12
7
3
E7 yield audpc
10
16 0.0800
7
11 0.0550
6
24 0.0425
2
27 0.0050
2
28 0.0050
4
23 0.0250
23
11 0.1450
14
14 0.1100
14
18 0.0775
5
26 0.0325
12
9
6
21
15
15
12
35
11
10
11
8
0.1100
0.0875
0.0675
0.2200
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
disease[,2]<-as.factor(disease[,2])
attach(disease)
correlation(yield,audpc)
modelo<- aov(audpc ~ rep + trt, disease)
anova(modelo)
cv.model(modelo)
error <-residuals(modelo)
shapiro.test(error)
par(mfrow=c(2,2))
normal.freq(hist(error,col="yellow"),col="blue")
qqnorm(error)
qqline(error,col="blue")
modelo<- aov(asin(sqrt(audpc))*180/pi ~ rep + trt, disease)
anova(modelo)
cv.model(modelo)
error <-residuals(modelo)
normal.freq(hist(error,col="yellow"),col="blue")
qqnorm(error)
qqline(error,col="blue")
shapiro.test(error)
compara<-LSD.test(asin(sqrt(audpc))*180/pi, trt,12,9.97)
-0.01
0.02
-2
-1
Histogram of error
-2 0
error
-4
8
6
4
2
-6
0 2 4
Theoretical Quantiles
Sample Quantiles
error
Frequency
6
4
2
0
Frequency
-0.04
Con
transformacin
Angular
Histogram of error
Sin
transformacin
-2
-1
Theoretical Quantiles
> shapiro.test(error)
Shapiro-Wilk normality test
data: error
W = 0.9685, p-value = 0.6996
> shapiro.test(error)
Shapiro-Wilk normality test
data: error
W = 0.9775, p-value = 0.8861
Response: audpc
Df
Sum Sq Mean Sq F value
Pr(>F)
rep
2 0.012070 0.006035 13.016 0.0009867 ***
trt
6 0.041799 0.006966 15.026 5.952e-05 ***
Residuals 12 0.005564 0.000464
--> cv.model(modelo)
[1] 29.26723
Response: asin(sqrt(audpc)) * 180/pi
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value
Pr(>F)
rep
2 190.38
95.19 9.5453 0.0033061 **
trt
6 512.16
85.36 8.5595 0.0009077 ***
Residuals 12 119.67
9.97
--> cv.model(modelo)
[1] 21.68161
Cultivo PAPA
Croquis
6
surco
s
5.4 m
2.4 m
Tratamientos
T2
T3
Alga - 2 ton/ha
T5
T6
Alga - 5 ton/ha
Alga - 10 ton/ha
T7
T8
T9
T10
T10
201
0.6 m
212 -
T10
213 - T8
T4
T ra tam ien to s
b io l g ico s:
Control absoluto
209 - T9 202 - T8
208 -
T10
203 - T9
T1
0.6 m
0.6 m
214 - T6 207 - T7 204 - T6
215 - T7 206 - T6 205 - T7
6
surcos
5.4
2.4 m
LaMolina
LaMolina
LaMolina
102021.5
102028.7
102028.7
Rep
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
Fe
13.37
15.00
12.03
11.00
10.88
13.00
14.00
12.84
10.00
9.80
2
1
2
26.000
30.226
27.000
Cultivo: CAMOTE
Variables Observadas:
Follaje: Kg.
Peso Tub: Kg.
Materia seca: %
Almidn: %
Zn, Ca, Mg, Fe : ppm
Protena: %
Beta Caroteno: ppm
Fe
Number of observations:
120
Mean Fe
15.42227
Analysis
percent acum Df
Sum.Sq
Mean.Sq F.value Pr.F
CP1
66.3 66.3 20 325.4555 16.272773
6.96
0
CP2
33.7 100.0 18 165.0577 9.169872
3.92
0
CP3
0.0 100.0 16
0.0000 0.000000
0.00
1
> AMMI.contour(model,distance=0.3,shape=20,col="red",lwd=2,lty=5)
Limit, radio: 0.8026402
Genotype in: 11
Genotype out: 9
$`GENOTYPE IN`
[1] "102007.19" "102021.5"
[7] "199027.1" "199062.3"
"102025.3"
"199069.1"
$`GENOTYPE OUT`
[1] "102022.5" "102033.3" "102035.7"
"199024.7" "199035.7" "199071.8"
"102028.7"
"199076.4"
"102033.1"
"440031"
"102043.7"
Hierro ppm
%
1 66.3
2 33.7
2
Oxapampa
102035.7
199024.7 102060.11
199027.1
199076.4
102022.5
199062.3
102043.7
199069.1102021.5
102007.19
0.5363391
0.1360669
0.9136192
0.4729085
0.7337491
PC 2
102028.7
199035.7
102025.3
102033.1
199071.8
440031
103094.23
102033.3
103079.53
-2
0.4897033
1.0525786
0.6850364
0.5925231
-1
LaMolina
SanRamon
-3
distance
102007.19
102021.5
102022.5
102025.3
102028.7
.
199069.1
199071.8
199076.4
440031
PC
-3
-2
-1
0
PC 1
Evaluacion Participativa
Parcela MAMA
Parcelas BEBES
bloque
clon
Tuber_c
Peso_c
Evaluacion
bebe
clon
Tuber_c
Peso_c
C1
65
10.3
49
C1
65
13.8
C2
40
3.3
C2
96
10.9
C3
43
4.2
C3
154
24.9
C4
35
6.3
15
C4
101
15.8
C5
0.9
C5
85
15.1
C6
44
8.5
31
C6
130
30.3
C7
21
3.8
C7
71
12.4
C8
74
8.1
20
C8
153
14.5
C9
26
3.7
C9
81
16.6
C10
20
3.5
C10
130
18.6
II
C1
64
10.6
38
C1
75
16.1
II
C2
27
2.1
C7
48
8.7
C8
88
10.2
III
C9
15
1.9
C9
109
18.4
III
C10
55
11.2
13
C10
86
12.2
Parcela
MAMA
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
library(RODBC)
library(agricolae)
canal <- odbcConnectExcel( "mother-baby.xls" )
exp1 <- sqlFetch(canal,"mother")
exp2 <- sqlFetch(canal,"babies")
odbcCloseAll()
model <- aov(Peso_c ~ bloque + clon , exp1)
anova(model)
Comparison of treatments
12
10
a
a ab
abc
abcd
abcd
8
6
bcd
cd
cd
C2
C9
C5
C7
C4
C10
C3
C6
C1
C8
Alpha
: 0.05
t-Student : 2.100922
LSD
: 8.690586
C7
C5
C4
C8
C1
C10
C9
C3
C6
0
C2
Friedman's Test
===============
Chi-squard: 21.37728
Pvalue
: 0.01107658
pFriedman : 0.0002746419
Alpha
: 0.05
t-Student : 2.100922
LSD
: 10.36360
30
ab
25
20
bc
bc
bc
15
C2
C9
C5
10
5
C4
C7
C3
C10
C8
0
C6
C1
Friedman's Test
===============
Chi-squard: 18.88889
Pvalue
: 0.0261544
pFriedman : 0.003921009
Prueba de
Friedman