Chng 3 - AI SO BOOLE VA CONG LOGIC.

3.1 ai so Boole
3.1.1 nh ngha.
3.1.2 Cac phep toan c ban.
3.1.3 Cac cong thc nh l.
3.2 Cac dang ham Boole
3.2.1 Bang chan l (bang s that)
3.2.2 Bieu thc ham so
3.2.3 Ba Karnaugh. n gian hoa ham Boole bang phng phap ba
Karnaugh.
3.2.4 S o mach logic
3.3 Cac dang chuan cua ham Boole
3.3.1 Dang chuan 1 (tong cac Minterm - tch chuan)
3.3.2 Dang chuan 2 (tch cac Maxterm tong chuan)
3.4 Cac cong logic
3.4.1 Mach ien cong
3.4.2 Cac cong logic thong thng
3.4.3 Cac cong logic ac biet.
3.4.4 a ham Boole ve dang toan NAND va toan NOR.
3.1 - ai so Boole.
3.2 - Cac dang ham Boole.
3.2.1 ai so logic.
Cac phep toan so hoc (c ban) cua ai so Boole. Bang chan tr Truth Table.
Bieu thc ham Boole. nh ly Boole.
Ky hieu s o cua mach logic so.
3.2.3 o ban (ba) Karnaugh. S o mach logic
Karnaugh map.
o la cong cu o hoa thiet ke, giup rut gon bieu thc logic hay bien
oi bang chan tr thanh s o mach logic tng ng theo mot tien
trnh n gian.
o tien trnh n gian vi so bien t (thng gii han ti 6) co the thc
hien bang tay. Vi so bien nhieu hn co the thc hien tren may tnh.
o la phng tien bieu dien moi quan he gia au vao logic va au ra
tng ng (nh bang chan tr, nhng dang khac).
Phng phap lap ba (map - o ban) Karnaugh.
o xac nh gia tr cua au ra y vi moi to hp gia tr xi au vao,
tng ng mot o vuong trong ban o Karnaugh. VD:

Hnh 11 - o ban Karnaugh va bang chan tr.

o cac o cua K-map c gan nhan sao cho cac o ke can hang ngang
ch khac nhau mot bien. VD:

Hnh 11c. - Cac o ke can trong K-map ch khac nhau mot bien.
o moi o hang tren cung c xem nh ke can vi o tng ng
hang di cung.
o nhng o cot bien trai c xem nh ke can vi cac o tng ng
cot bien phai.
o nhan c gan t tren xuong di, t trai sang phai.
o bieu thc tong-cac tch oi vi au ra y c xac lap bang cach OR
cac o cha '1' vi nhau. VD:

Hnh 11b. - Xac lap bieu thc K-map: OR cac o cha '1' vi nhau.
Phng phap khoanh vong (looping) rut gon bieu thc au ra: Nhng o cha
'1' ket hp thanh vong kn loop. VD:
o To hp 2 (pair - cap oi): Khoanh vong mot cap o cha '1' ke nhau
trong K-map (co the theo hang doc, hang ngang hay cuon mep) se loai
bo bt mot bien xuat hien ca dang bnh thng lan dang ao
(dang bu 1).

Hnh 12 - Pair-Looping: Loai bo bt mot bien xuat hien ca hai dang.

o To hp 4 (quad - bo t): Khoanh vong bo 4 o cha '1' ke nhau (co the
theo hang doc, hang ngang hay hnh vuong). So hang thu c se ch
cha cac bien khong thay oi hnh thai trong cac o cua quad, nh vay

trong K-map se loai bo bt hai bien xuat hien ca dang bnh thng
lan dang ao (dang bu 1).

Hnh 13 - Quad-Looping: Loai bo bt hai bien xuat hien ca hai dang.

o To hp 8 (octet - bo tam): Khoanh vong bo 8 o cha '1' ke nhau, so
hang thu c se ch cha cac bien khong thay oi hnh thai trong
cac o cua octet, nh vay trong K-map se loai bo bt ba bien xuat
hien ca dang bnh thng lan dang ao (dang bu 1).
VD:

Hnh 14 - Octet-Looping: Loai bo bt ba bien xuat hien ca hai dang.

Tien trnh rut gon hoan chnh:
o Khi mot bien xuat hien ca dang bnh thng lan dang ao trong
mot vong, bien o b loai khoi bieu thc.
o Nhng bien khong oi tt ca cac o trong vong c gi lai bieu
thc cuoi cung.
Cho bng chan tr.
B1. Lap K-map va ien '1' vao cac o tng ng vi cac v tr cha '1' trong
bang chan tr. va ien '0' vao nhng o con lai.

Hnh 15.B1 - Lap K-map t bang chan tr.

B2. Khoanh vong cac o cha '1' ke nhau nam tach biet (b co lap).

Hnh 15.B2 - Khoanh vong o cha '1' tach biet.

B3. Khoanh vong moi cap o (pair) ke can vi o cha '1' oc lap con lai.

Hnh 15.B3 - Khoanh vong cap o (pair) cha '1' oc lap (o 15 ch ke vi 11

tao thanh cap).
B4. Khoanh vong moi bo tam (octet) tham ch khi chung cha mot vai o '1'
a khoanh.
B5. Khoanh vong moi bo t (quad) cha mot hoac nhieu o '1' cha b
khoanh, co lam sao e co so vong t nhat.

Hnh 15.B5 - Khoanh vong bo t (quad) cha '1' oc lap

(o 6,7,10 cha b khoanh ke vi 11 a khoanh, tao thanh bo t).
B6. Khoanh vong moi cap can cha bat ky o '1' cha b khoanh lan nao,
am bao s dung so vong t nhat.
B7. Tao tong OR t tat ca so hang ket qua cua moi vong.
VD:

Hnh 15.B7 - Tao tong OR t tat ca so hang.

ieu kien "khong-quan-tam" ("Don't-care" Condition): ng vi nhng ieu
kien au vao khong bao gi xay ra se co mot vai to hp tn hieu au
vao cho ket qua au ra khong xac nh (tn hieu ra khong phu thuoc
mc cao hay mc thap, tuy ngi thiet ke nh lieu).
VD:

Hnh 18 - ieu kien "Don't Care" c tuy lieu oi thanh "0" hoac "1".
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