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3 cages
4 mosquitoes within each cage
2 independent measurements per mosquito
Cage I
1
Cage II
Cage III
4
i = 0
ij Normal(0, B2 |A)
ij Normal(0, B2 |A)
ijk Normal(0, 2)
ijk Normal(0, 2)
The model
40
50
60
70
80
90
40
50
60
Cages
30
20
10
10
20
30
30
20
10
Individuals
30
20
10
70
80
90
100
Cages
10
20
30
10
20
30
Individuals
10
20
30
30
20
Residuals
10
Residuals
ij
Y
i
Y
Y
Cage II
4
Cage III
4
59.00
69.80
57.05
79.35
83.80
72.84
69.20
55.25
50.00
59.96
66.63
64.80
78.50
69.55
67.10
63.30
Sum of squares
among groups
SSamong = bn
SSsubgr = n
within subgroups
SSwithin =
TOTAL
PPP
i
df
P
2
i (Yi Y )
PP
2
i
j (Yij Yi )
PPP
i
k (Yijk
k (Yijk
ij)2
Y
)2
Y
a1
a (b 1)
a b (n 1)
abn1
ANOVA table
SS
df
MS
expected MS
SSamong
a1
SSamong
a1
MSamong
MSsubgr
2 + n B2 |A + n b A2
SSsubgr
a (b 1)
SSsubgr
a(b 1)
MSsubgr
MSwithin
2 + n B2 |A
SSwithin
a b (n 1)
SSwithin
ab(n 1)
SStotal
abn1
Example
source
df
SS
MS
P-value
among groups
665.68
332.84
1.74
0.23
1720.68
191.19
146.88
< 0.001
within subgroups
12
15.62
1.30
TOTAL
23
2401.97
Variance components
Within subgroups (error; between measurements on each female)
s2 = MSwithin = 1.30
s=
1.30 = 1.14
sB|A =
94.94 = 9.74
17.71 = 4.21
sA =
represents
1.30
= 1.1%
113.95
s2B|A represents
94.94
= 83.3%
113.95
s2A
17.71
= 15.6%
113.95
s2
represents
Note:
var(Y) = 2 + B2 |A + A2
var(Y | A) = 2 + B2 |A
var(Y | A, B) = 2
Mosquito averages
I-1
I-2
I-3
I-4
II-1
II-2
II-3
II-4
ANOVA table
source
df
SS
MS
between
332.8
166.4
within
860.3
95.6
F P-value
1.74
0.23
Ignoring cages
I-1
I-2
I-3
I-4
II-1
II-2
II-3
II-4
ANOVA table
source
df
SS
MS
P-value
between
11
2386.4
216.9
166.7
< 0.001
within
12
15.6
1.3
69.8
56.6
59.5
69.8
57.5
77.8
56.0
77.8
80.9
54.5
79.2
84.0
50.7
69.9
83.6
49.3
69.2
70.1
63.8
62.1
68.3
65.8
64.5
source
df
between
within
SS
MS
F P-value
21 1736.3
0.033
86.7
This is wrong!
means
LDD
27.000
27.750
26.625
33.375
38.125
31.250
27.500
26.625
28.500
31.750
31.750
35.250
OL
NH
RKS
Strain
Jar
means
Strain
Strain Jar
means
LC
28.500
26.875
27.000
29.500
30.375
28.250
30.125
29.625
31.750
27.875
25.625
27.500
27.125
RH
34.250
NKS
27.452
BS
32.917
means
27.458
29.375
30.500
37.000
Results
source
df
SS
MS
P-value
1323.42
189.06
8.47
< 0.001
16
357.25
22.33
0.80
0.68
168
4663.25
27.76
among strains
among jars within strains
within jars
n B2 |A
2 + n B2 |A
2
2
+ nb
a1
Assumptions:
Calculations
Source
Sum of squares
among groups
SSamong = b c n
among subgroups
SSsubgr = c n
among subsubgroups
SSsubsubgr = n
within subsubgroups
SSsubsubgr =
df
P
2
i (Yi Y )
a1
PP
2
i
j (Yij Yi )
PPP
2
i
j
k (Yijk Yij )
PPP P
i
l (Yijkl
ijk)2
Y
a (b 1)
a b (c 1)
a b c (n 1)
ANOVA table
SS
MS
bcn
SSamong
SSsubgr
SSsubsubgr
SSwithin
cn
Y)
2
a1
a (Y A
P P
a
Y
)2
A
a(b 1)
b (YB
P P P
Y
)2
B
ab(c 1)
c (Y C
P P P P
a
n (Y
abc(n 1)
MSamong
MSsubgr
expected MS
nC2 B
ncB2 A
+ ncb
MSsubgr
MSsubsubgr
2 + nC2 B + ncB2 A
MSsubsubgr
MSwithin
2 + nC2 B
)2
Y
C
2
a1