Cabiao, Nueva Ecija

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Cabiao
Municipalitity

Poblacion

Seal

Map of Nueva Ecija showing the location of Cabiao

Cabiao
Location within the Philippines

Coordinates:

1515N 12051ECoordinates:

1515N 12051E

Country

Philippines

Region

Central Luzon (Region III)

Province

Nueva Ecija

District

4th District

Barangays

23

Government[1]
Mayor

Gloria "Baby" Crespo Congco

Area[2]
Total

111.83 km2 (43.18 sq mi)

Population (2010)[3]
Total

72,081

Density

640/km2 (1,700/sq mi)

Time zone

PST (UTC+8)

ZIP code

3107

Dialing code

+63 (0)44

Income class

1st class; partially urban

Cabiao is a first class partially urban municipality in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines.
According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 72,081[3]
Cabiao is located at the south-western part of Nueva Ecija being the last town going to the province
of Pampanga. It borders the municipalities of San Isidro and San Antonio in the province of Nueva

Ecija; the municipalities of Magalang, Candaba and Arayatin Pampanga province; and to its northwest is the municipality of Concepcion in Tarlac province. It is about an hour and a half drive
from Manila via the NLEX taking San Simon exit and turning right at Santo Domingo junction in
Mexico traversing Santa Ana and Arayat towns in Pampanga. The other route from Manila is by
Santa Rita exit and traversing Maharlika Road through Bulacan province to Gapan, Nueva Ecija
turning left towards San Isidro. From Cabanatuan City Cabiao can be reached via the through
Gapan City or partly through the Cabiao Viaduct from Jaen town. Most of Cabiao's agricultural land
is being used to cultivate rice and vegetables as well as orchards goes and calamansi. Also, most of
the jobs available are
Contents
[hide]

1Barangays
2History
3Demographics
4Institutions
5Images
6References
7External links

Barangays[edit]
Cabiao is politically subdivided into 23 barangays.[2]

Bagong Buhay
Bagong Sikat
Bagong Silang
Concepcion/Asyenda
Entablado
Maligaya (urban)
Natividad North (urban)
Natividad South (urban)
Palasinan (suburban)
San Antonio/Pantalan
San Fernando Norte
San Fernando Sur (suburban)
San Gregorio (suburban)
San Juan North (urban)
San Juan South (urban)
San Roque (suburban)
San Vicente
Santa Rita
Sinipit
Polilio (Libis)
San Carlos
Santa Isabel
Santa Ines

History[edit]
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Cabiao derived its name from its vandalized Malay origin kabyawan (gilingan[same Malay meaning])
in previous Malay form: karyawan- meaning writer at present) meaning grinding tools that used for
crushing. The abundance of sugar during the pre-Spanish era is evident in a wide area of kabyaw
including the area going to the foot of Mount Arayat. The kabyawan became familiar to the
neighboring places due to the concentration of kabyawan in the place where it was located and was
identified as Kabyawan and later shortened to "Kabyaw" and eventually altered the spelling due to
the influence of the foreign alphabet letters. The used of kabyawan then is prevalent among the
natives constituting mainly the ancient tribes of tagalogs that hails from Bulacan and capampangan
of which they came in waves of migration from mainland Malay origin as evident from their language
similarity. The Kabyawan tools might have been brought by the exploring Malays and later improved
by the natives settling in the island of Luzon however there are findings that most of the antiquated
wooden kabyawan tools at present can be found in Ilocos where the early Sumatran and Melanesian
explorers had embarked earlier than the Malays. Similarly, during that period, the natives of the
mountain province whose origin is from mainland China might have been the one responsible in
introducing the said crushing tools which we know now as the KABYAWAN. The settlement that has
been known as Sinipit, Plasinan, Pantalan, Pinaglamoan, Kandumpa, Kambabalo, Longalong,
Mayayade, Tinalan, Makabaklay, Saklang and Palanas were words and terms taken from Malay and
the tribal dialect in existence during that period. Cabiao as termed today was a just balangay of the
once prosperous of empire of the campampangan settlement named Candaba, as it was discovered
by the exploring Spanish conquistadores in 1590. The visita of Cabiao was perhaps established
somewhere between 1765 and 1767 by the Jesuit Missionary before they were sent back to Spain
under the order of King Charles III of Spain to recall all the Society of Jesus religious order to return
to Spain thereby banishing them from all the Spanish dominions. Cabiao gain its full township of
Pampanga in 1797 under the term of Governor General Rafael Maria de Aguilar y Ponce de Leon*
with the recommendation of the returning order of the Augustinian in the Province of Pampanga and
elevates the Visita of St. John Nepomucene that was established by the Jesuits into a regular Parish
Church. It was established as one of the municipality of Nueva Ecija in February 9, 1848 upon the
order issued by Governor General Narciso Claveria Y Zaldua and upon the recommendation made
by the Governor General Marcelino Oraa. The growth of Cabiao during that time maybe attributed to
its vast marsh and inland water that serves as inland fishery of the area. The Poblacion comprising
the three pillars of Spanish governance of the Spaniard namely the Casa Municipal, Casa dela
Iglesia and Casa Judicial were erected in 1838 under the term of Don Josef Kabigting as the
Gobernadorcillo (the present location of the church, the central school and the intervening residential
area between the central school and the church).
The desire of the populace of Cabiao to be free from Spanish domination and tyranny resulted in the
uprising in September 2, 1896. Numbering around 700 men (461 listed in the Tablet of Heroes in the
Municipal Compound), the townsfolk of Cabiao and the Cabiao Brass Band under the leadership of
their Capitan Municipal Mariano Nuez Llanera together with the people of the neighboring towns of
Arayat, Deliquente (San Antonio) & Jaen led the siege against the colonizing Spaniards stationed at
the Factoria of San Isidro. This event was marked as the First Cry of Nueva Ecija. It did not take too
long that the Spanish Colonial Government, succumbed to cede the Archipelago of Philippines to the
United States on December 10, 1898 that brought about the Treaty of Paris, and once again the
Philippines was under colonial rule this time by the American. In the last days of the Spanish
occupation, the Cabiao heroes participated in the declaration of Philippine Republic in Malolos on
January 23, 1899. During the PhilippineAmerican War, Cabiao was one of the fiercely battled
terrains of the American forces in pursuit of General Aguinaldos Forces however most of the

populated areas of Cabiao have been saved from the encounter. General Pio del Pilar hold out in
the marshes of San Vicente and Sta. Rita to delay the intruding Forces of General Elwell Stephen
Otis under the command of General Henry Ware Lawton.
In 1903, the Americans established schools in Cabiao and used the English language as a medium
of instructions. Pedro Oreta was elected as the first chief executive of the town under American civil
regime followed by the then Mun. President Jose Crespo who established and organized the
Presidencia (township hierarchy and organizational plan) constituting the different executive
department of the municipality. American occupation in Cabiao has not been as cruel as their
Spanish predecessor, however, the people of Cabiao were already afraid to trust the new colonizer.
Thomasites missionaries arrive in Cabiao in the early part of 1902 as a part of educating the people
of Cabiao and in 1903, the Americans established schools in Cabiao and used the English
Language as the medium of instruction. Some rural folks used to study individually in the Spanish
methods of learning on arithmetic and reading in their native tongue Tagalog. From 1907-1909,
Cabiao was placed under jurisdiction of San Isidro and the executive power was then held by the
Municipal President of San Isidro. It was in the term of Office of Municipal President Gonzalo Del
Leon that the seat of Municipal Town Hall was erected on the land donated by the Romero family. It
was during the term of Jose Lapuz that Judge Bonifacio Ysip was elected as delegate to the
constitutional convention held in Manila.
After almost three decades of peace, Japan invaded the Philippines, and the people of Cabiao once
again play an important role in the liberation of our country, HUKBALAHAP (Hukbo ng Bayan Laban
sa Hapon) or Peoples Anti-Japanese Army, was then established in Sitio Bawit,San Julian, Cabiao
on March 29, 1942. When the Allies between the combined U.S. and Filipino troops finally liberated
the Philippines and as soon as the Central Government was established in Manila, Mariano
Guevarra was appointed Mayor of Cabiao. He was the chief executive of the town in 1945.
Prudencio Ortiz Luis succeeded Guevarra who occupies the position for only a few months. In the
later part of 1945 after the liberation, most of the people of Cabiao were still in the far flung areas of
Cambabalu, Saclang Capampangan, Saclang Tagalog and Dumanas and it was during this time that
the mayor of this town has been appointed by the late President Manuel Roxas by the name of
Ambrosio Aligada. He was appointed as the Chief Executive of the town from 1945-1947. The town
of Cabiao was placed under the military government under Pablo Aligada. It was also during the time
of Aligada that the Sitio of Palasinan (Presently San Gregorio) comprising the property owned by
Don Ramon Fernandez were repopulated by the people coming from said the places whereas the
area of Bagong Silang were repopulate by the people coming from Buliran, Guyong-guyong, Luyos
of which most of them are Tagalogs. The people of Cabiao were governed by Aligada through
coercive and dictatorial rule that is being manifested by the force labor construction of the Cabiao
High School which is the monumental relic of his tenure. Isaias Manalastas seated as the
progressive mayor through the support HUKBALAHAPs that during that time is at its height from
which they fielded their party named Prente Popular however it did not last long due to the suspicion
of the military of an imminent grabbing of power where these party is the political front of the Huks.
Nieves Pablo, a woman, was the fourth appointed mayor in that same year.
It was also the time when the height of the Huk uprising began when the entire town was the seat of
the rebellion, where the 50,000 armed group was inducted in Bawit and in Pasong Diablo only to be
captured en masse by the then late General Ismael Lapus through the order of Secretary
Magsaysay and the clearing of the entire forested area of Bagong Sikat and Sta. Isabel had begun
purposely to eliminate the lair of the Huk rebels. The health center were constructed through the
financial support of Defense Secretary Castelo Justice Secretary Hermogenes Concepcion and
Doa Maria Romero Buencamino (who was at that time the richest family and the most influential).
Year 1950, when the 1st tenure of the late Paterno Santiano began, the towns public market was
constructed through the support of the national government since the towns income cannot at that
time support such huge amount of expenditures.

It was the 1st tenure of Gregorio T. Crespo, when the old town hall was renovated and the original
Cabiao Central School Building has been restored. The gravelling of Sinipit -San Roque Road was
made. Mayor Paterno Santiano reassumed his post as a mayor after a very much contested election
results.
The year 1960, when Crespo reassumes his post as Mayor of Cabiao, and the appointment of Pedro
T. Wycoco as the Chief of Police. The Gapan- Arayat Road, Cabiao Section were constructed by
Golangco Construction and Development Corp. in 1963.
In 1979 the towns Public Market was rehabilitated through the help of the member of the Parliament
Angel Concepcion for which main building was constructed contiguously from the previous two small
one.The town of Cabiao was governed by Mayor Crespo for almost three decades bringing together
town folks of Cabiao to be one living in peace and serves as the legacy for which Mayor Crespo was
known.
The EDSA Revolution of 1986, was the year when Mayor Crespo was dislodged by the appointment
of Atty. Antonio Ll.Lapuz as Officer in Charge of Cabiao. During his tenure, the inception of the
municipal development planning were made, and listing of priority projects were categorized,
however fundings for these infrastructure were no longer made in his tenure because it had lasted
only for two and half years.
Atty. Lapuz was succeeded by Engr. Ireneo Manahan, who bested in the three way election fight
during that time, followed the pattern and plans for which Atty. Lapuz have laid before he left his
office. He continue in building roads, barangay health,and brgy. hall including the renovation of the
municipal town hall. It was also during that time, that the Sta. Isabel- Bagong Sikat Bridge has been
initially built however due to the insufficiency of funds the said bridge has not been finished during
his tenure. He had also built a community under his name which later name as Manahan Village.
In his last term of office, mayor Manahan endorse councilor Gloria Baby Crespo Congco as his
successor, the eldest daughter of former Mayor Gregorio Crespo and was elected mayor of the
municipality in 1998. She is the youngest and the first woman to be elected chief executive of the
town. She was also re-elected in the elections of 2001 and 2004.

Demographics[edit]
Population census of Cabiao
Year

Pop.

% p.a.

1995

55,902

2000

62,624

+2.46%

2007

68,382

+1.22%

2010

72,081

+1.94%

Source: Registry of Barangay Inhabitants DILG Reg.3 [3]

Institutions[edit]

Aside from the St. John Nepomucene Parish which is a historic site for the 1896 revolutionary battle
(Cry of Nueva Ecija) during Philippine Revolution, Cabiao is the home of the following institutions:

Cabiao Community Clinic, Sta. Ines

Gawad Kalinga Chicago Village, Sitio Burakay, Sta. Rita
Gawad Kalinga Fr. Lehman Village, Concepcion
Cabiao National High School, Natividad North
Cabiao Municipal Hall, San Juan North
Cabiao General Hospital, San Fernando Sur
Baby's Handicraft, Polilio
Polytechnic University of the PhilippinesSan Roque,Cabiao Campus
First Asean Institute and Technology, San Juan North
Resource World College,San Roque

Images[edit]

Municipal offices

Town hall, seat of Government

Government offices, Mariano Llanera monument

Saint John Nepomucene Parochial School facade

Saint John Nepomucene Parochial School interior

View of Pampanga River from Cabiao bridge