Mapa Institute of Technology

School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

ME136P A1
Experiment no. 8
TENSILE TEST OF WELDED JOINT

Name: Maago, Jaya Mae T.

Date Performed: 11/23/2015

Student no.: 2012107107

Date Submitted: 12/03/2015

Engr. Jerome Lopena

Instructor

OBJECTIVES
To determine the mechanical properties of a butt welded joint when subjected to a tensile
load
INTRODUCTION
From experiment 2, we knew that all materialsfor this experiment, steel barshave
their own rupture or breaking points. Welding is a type of repairing metals by fusing them
together using heat, hammer or any other pressure. There are different types of welding joint
where each has a corresponding type of weld. Shown below are the different types of welding
joints and types of welds used.

Types of Welding Joints

Butt Joint
Lap Joint

Edge Joint

Corner Joint

Tee Joint

Cruciform Joint

Types of Welds

Butt Weld
Plug Weld

Edge Weld

Fillet Weld

Spot Weld

Compound Weld

Though welding a joint repairs it or constructs it, sometimes it may contain weld defects.
This includes the incomplete fusion, where the welded area is only on the outer area of the
specimen. Undercut is another weld defect where the weld does not completely fill in the gap of
the joint. Porosity is a defect where air holes are present on a welded joint while cracks are
another defect that produces a weak welded structure. Cracks may be longitudinal or transverse,
and can lead to separation of the welded parts.
Welding comes in three different approaches, each based on the material used for welding
or fusing, these two are arc welding, oxygen fuel gas welding, and resistance welding. Arc
welding has three sub-types. First, is the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) which is used on
the specimens for this experiment. Shielded metal arc welding uses flux or the coating of metal
electrode. This serves as a shield to protect the welded joint. Next is the gas tungsten arc welding
which uses tungsten electrode. And lastly, the gas metal arc welding, which uses a continuous
wire electrode. Oxygen fuel gas welding (OFW) is done by welding joints by heating it with a
fuel gas. Resistance welding, on the other hand, is done by passing elastic cement between
copper electrodes and then applied with great pressure.
In this experiment, we are able to see the properties of a butt welded butt joint after being
subjected to tensile test using UTM. We are also able to compare the difference of the yield
strength, ultimate strength, and break strength of a welded steel bar from unwelded.

LIST OF APPARATUS
- Universal Testing Machine

- Welded Plain and Deformed Steel Bar

- Digital Caliper, Tape Measure and Marker

PROCEDURES
1. Organize the materials needed, including the welded plain steel bar and welded deformed steel
bar. See Fig.[1].

Fig.[1]
2. Measure the diameter and total length of each welded steel bars. The values should be
recorded as the dimensions of the steel bar in mm. See Fig.[2].

Fig.[2]
3. Starting from the welded joint, measure 75mm on one side and another 75mm on the other
side and mark. This should be equal to 150mm, and will serve as the value of the initial gage
length. See Fig.[3].

Fig.[3]
4. Subject the welded specimens to tensile test using the Universal Testing Machine, with the
help of the lab assistant. See Fig.[4].

Fig.[4]
5. After the tensile test, align the stretched steel bars together and measure the distance of the
marks made on step 3. This will serve as the final gage length of the steel bar. See Fig.[5]. Use

digital caliper, measure the new diameter of the stretched part of the steel bar. Once the results
are printed out, record the new values for yield strength, ultimate strength, and break strength.

Fig.[5]

FINAL DATA SHEET

Data from Experiment 2

SPECIMEN UNWELDED
PARAMETERS

TRIAL 1

TRIAL 2

TYPE OF BAR

PLAIN

DEFORMED

DIMENSION, mm

490 mm

490 mm

TYPE OF WELDING JOINT

N/A

N/A

TYPE OF WELDING USED

N/A

N/A

INITIAL GAUGE LENGTH, mm

150 mm

150 mm

YIELD STRENGTH, KN/mm2

307420 KN/mm2

470070 KN/mm2

ULTIMATE STRENGTH, KN/mm2

425430 KN/mm2

600710 KN/mm2

BREAK STRENGHT, KN/mm2

121040 KN/mm2

414700 KN/mm2

FINAL GAUGE LENGTH, mm

180 mm

180.5 mm

REDUCED DIMENSION, mm

N/A

N/A

ELONGATION IN LENGTH, mm

N/A

N/A

%ELONGATION

20%

20.33%

INITIAL BAR AREA, mm2

230.99 mm2

296.11 mm2

FINAL BAR AREA, mm2

71.48 mm2

136.64 mm2

%REDUCTION IN AREA

69.04%

53.86%

SPECIMEN WELDED
PARAMETERS

TRIAL 1

TRIAL 2

TYPE OF BAR

PLAIN

DEFORMED

DIMENSION, mm

580 mm

542 mm

TYPE OF WELDING JOINT

BUTT

BUTT

TYPE OF WELDING USED

SMAW

SMAW

INITIAL GAUGE LENGTH, mm

150 mm

150 mm

YIELD STRENGTH, KN/mm2

N/A

N/A

ULTIMATE STRENGTH, KN/mm2

241140 KN/mm2

114390 KN/mm2

BREAK STRENGHT, KN/mm2

159310 KN/mm2

N/A

FINAL GAUGE LENGTH, mm

15.3 mm

15.7 mm

REDUCED DIMENSION, mm

N/A

N/A

ELONGATION IN LENGTH, mm

3 mm

7 mm

%ELONGATION

2%

4.67%

INITIAL BAR AREA, mm2

165.358 mm2

273.179 mm2

FINAL BAR AREA, mm2

130.2932 mm2

193.593 mm2

%REDUCTION IN AREA

21.21%

29.1333%

SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS (Specimen Welded)

PLAIN STEEL BAR

INITIAL BAR AREA

Diameter = 14.51 mm
2

Initial Area=

D 2 (14.51 mm )
=
=165.358 mm2
4
4

FINAL BAR AREA

Diameter = 12.88 mm
2

Final Area=

D 2 ( 12.88 mm )
=
=130.2932m m2
4
4

%ELONGATION
%Elongation=

Final Gage LengthInitial Gage Length

x 100
Initial Gage Length

%Elongation=

153 mm150 mm
x 100 =2
150 mm

%REDUCTION IN AREA

AreaFinal
Area
| Initial Initial
|x 100

Area

%ReductionArea=

%Reduction Area=

165.358 mm 130.2932 mm
x 100 =21.21
165.358 m m2

DEFORMED STEEL BAR

INITIAL BAR AREA

Diameter = 18.65 mm
2

Initial Area=

D 2 (18.65 mm )
=
=273.179 m m2
4
4

FINAL BAR AREA

Diameter = 12.88 mm
2

Final Area=

D 2 ( 15.7 mm )
=
=193.593 mm2
4
4

%ELONGATION
%Elongation=

Final Gage LengthInitial Gage Length

x 100
Initial Gage Length

%Elongation=

157 mm150 mm
x 100 =4.67
150 mm

%REDUCTION IN AREA

AreaFinal
Area
| Initial Initial
|x 100

Area

%ReductionArea=

%Reduction Area=

273.179 mm 193.593 m m
x 100 =29.1333
273.179 mm2

DISCUSSION
Welding of a joint either repairs and constructs the material or subjects it further to
damage. In this experiment, we performed tensile test using a welded steel bar as a specimen.
Percent elongation is calculated by dividing the difference of the final and initial gage length to
the initial gage length and multiplying it to 100%. Percent elongation refers to the plastic
deformation of the specimen, through this we can determine whether the specimen is brittle or
not. Percent reduction in area, like percent elongation, measures the ductility of the specimen. It
is calculated by dividing the difference of the initial bar area and final bar area to the initial bar
area and multiplying it to 100%.
From the printed results, there are no reported yield strength for the welded plain steel
bar, while the welded deformed steel bar has no reported yield strength and break strength.

CONCLUSION
In this experiment, we are able to determine the ductility properties of welded steel bar
and compare it to the unwelded steel bars. From the output results of the Universal Testing
Machine (UTM), we can observe that there are no yield strengths recorded. The graph also
shows a steady curve until it reaches the ultimate strength of the steel bar then proceeds to
rupture point. A stress-strain diagram with this kind of steady curve applies on brittle specimens.
With this, we can conclude that welded joints produce a brittle structure and that welded
materials should be in the least of options to use when constructing a building or producing a
material for it is weak and cannot fully stand against forces applied.