Succeed Speaking

Speaking
Part I - Polite vs Rude

First, look at the images.
Then, make short notes to answer the questions.
Finally, discuss your answers in pairs.

1.What behaviour do you find rude?
Think of as many examples as you can and list them in order, starting with the worst behaviour.

Explain your choice of worst behaviour.

2.How do you feel/react when someone is rude to you?
Describe a time when you experienced rudeness.

3.Have you ever been very rude to someone?
If so, describe what happened?

Did you regret your rudeness later?

4.Is it important to be respectful of our elders?
Why? / Why not?

5.Are the teachers in your school respected by students, or do students behave rudely?

Always be polite to the examiner

Its very important to speak politely throughout the exam, even when you disagree with or want to
interrupt the examiner. NEVER behave rudely.

Exercise I - Track 19

A.Listen to the recording and answer the questions.

1.Are the speakers being rude or polite?___________

2.How do you know? Is the tone of the conversation calm or aggressive?
____________

3.What about the language they use? Is it moderate or extreme? ____________

4.When a compliment is given, is it sincere (honest and real) or sarcastic?
____________

B.Obviously both speakers were very rude.
That was an example of how not to speak.
But we can learn from it.
Remember to avoid these things:

* Dont be sarcastic!

* Dont be aggressive!

* Dont use extreme or bad language!

In fact, with a little bit of work, we could turn our two speakers into angels! Listen to them again. (Track 20)
Compare the transcript of the original recording below with what you hear this time. Write the phrases that
replace the words in italics in the space below.

Male: I think the rudest behaviour is when a person starts having a really loud conversation on their phone
in publ...

Female: (I) Hold on a minute. That's absolute and complete nonsense. Gossiping about a person is far ruder
and it hurts their feelings. (2) I'm right, arent I? Admit it.

Male: (3) Youre dead wrong, actually. That's a stupid answer. Whats the big deal about gossiping? The
person may never find out youre talking about them, so how can they even know if its rude or not? (4)
Well, what do you have to say to that, huh?

Female: (5) OK, but so what? It doesnt matter if the person doesnt know; you still shouldnt do it and its
really bad behaviour. Besides, people usually find out about gossip, so they almost always DO get hurt. (6)
You see? Ha. Now who's right?

Male: (7) Oh, well done you. You're so smart! Talking loudly on a train or bus affects all the people around
you, though. So, even if both actions are rude, my examples way worse. (8) Im right, you see. Ha!

(1)
______________________________________________________

(2)
______________________________________________________

(3)
______________________________________________________

(4)
______________________________________________________

(5)
______________________________________________________

(6)
______________________________________________________

(7)
______________________________________________________

(8)
______________________________________________________

Trinity ISE II - Speaking

Part I

C.Check your answers at the back of the book on page 40 to make sure theyre correct. Then find a partner
because for this section you will work in pairs.

Now its time to role-play. Listen to the rude recording again. Then go back and read the original transcript
of the dialogue in B. One student should take each role. Role-play the characters and try to copy what you
heard in the recording. Be just as rude, sarcastic, loud and aggressive!

D.Listen carefully to the polite recording. Notice how the voices change. Role-play the dialogue again, but
this time using the polite phrases from B. Be calm, polite and respectful throughout.

Exercise 2

Match the polite phrases (I -9) from the transcript to their functions (A-E).

1.
Um, can I just say something?
____________

2.
Im not sure I agree. ____________

3.
Dont you think so? ____________

4.
Im afraid I couldnt disagree more. _____________

5.
Wouldnt you agree? ____________

6.
Um, I take your point, but... ____________

7.
You agree with me, dont you?
____________

8.
Yeah, I see where youre coming from. ____________

9.
Surely youd agree. ____________

A.
Inviting agreement

B.
Interrupting politely

C.
Politely disagreeing

D.
Politely acknowledging a point but disagreeing

E.Politely acknowledging a point

Exercise 3

Occasionally in conversation, there will be some confusion. You may need to (a) Ask for clarification, or (b)
Give clarification.

Here are some useful phrases to perform both functions. Put the words in the right order.

Ask for clarification

I. please / you / explain / could / that / to / again / me / ?

2.sorry, / dont / understand /1 / Im / quite /.

3.you / repeating / mind / please / that, / would / ?

Give clarification

I. meant /1 / was / what I ...

2.trying / say / to / what / Im / is / ...

Exercise 4

Now its time for free-speaking practice. First, working alone, make notes on the following subject:

Sometimes it is necessary to be rude. Do you agree?

Then, work in pairs and have a discussion about the topic. You can use your notes to help you. Remember to
be polite throughout the discussion. Interrupt your partner while he/she is speaking at least once.

Tip!

When you have a discussion where you have to give your opinion, its not very different from what you have
to think about when writing an essay.
You have to do the same things in order to support your answer.
That means:

*develop your points to explain what you mean.

*use examples or supporting information.
For example, imagine someone started a discussion by saying this:

You can never be too polite. Do you agree?

If I responded by saying this:

I disagree and I feel that you can definitely be too polite.
What do you think?'

Its not good enough because I havent explained how I formed my opinion. I need to do that with an
example or supporting information.

Supporting point:

I disagree and
I feel that you can definitely be too polite.
If you are polite all the time, people will take advantage of you.
Sometimes you have to be more honest and direct, or even rude, to get what you want.
What do you think?

Example:

I disagree and I feel that you definitely can be too polite.
For example, if there's an emergency and you have to get to hospital very quickly, you'll waste time saying
polite goodbyes to everyone.
You should just go.
What do you think?'

Trinity ISE II Speaking Part 2
Part 2
Turn-taking

First, look at the images. Then, make short notes to answer the questions. Finally, discuss your answers in
pairs.

1.What famous celebrities and sports stars do you know? List some of them. Which one is your favourite
and why?

2.What are the advantages of being famous?

3.Are there any drawbacks to fame?

4.Would you like to be famous? Explain your answer,

5.Do you think your personality would change if you were famous? Why? / Why not?

What about your friendships?

6.What would you spend your money on if you were rich and famous and could buy anything you wanted?

Take the lead! Be proactive.
In the exam, you are expected to show that you can start, develop and keep a conversation going. This involves turntaking. You wont score well in the Speaking tasks if
you just speak in one long monologue. You must invite the examiner to take part in the conversation too.

So dont keep talking and talking until the examiner stops you. The Speaking test is supposed to be like a real-life discussion. In real life do you keep talking until the
other person tells you not to talk anymore? No. You invite them to participate. You ask them questions or give them a sign that you want them to start taking parto r
respond to what you have said.
En el examen, se espera que se demuestre que se puede iniciar, desarrollar y mantener una conversacin.
Esto implica la toma de turnos.
UD no va a anotar bien en las tareas de habla si slo habla en un monlogo largo.
Debe invitar al examinador para participar en la conversacin tb.

As que no seguir hablando y hablando hasta que el examinador se detiene.
El examen de expresin oral se supone que es como una discusin de la vida real.
En la vida real es lo que sigue hablando hasta que la otra persona dice que no hable ms? No.
Los invita a participar.
Se les preguntas o les da una seal de que UD quiere que comienzan a tomar parto r responder a lo que ha
dicho.


Listen to the dialogue and write the missing phrases that you hear In the gaps in the transcript.

Female: OK, well, (I)________________________________________,

being a celebrity sounds fantastic. For a start, everyone knows who you are. Youre popular, too, and a role
model for young people who want to be just like you. Its a great life, (2)_________________________________?

Male: (3)________________________________,__________ Im not

so sure. What about all the paparazzi who chase celebrities around? Youve got no privacy and youre never
left alone. Your personal life is in the newspapers and when you make a mistake, everyone knows about it. I
think that must be incredibly difficult, (4)_____________________________________?

Female: (5)________________________________. But I
think ...

Male: (6)__________________________________? What if
you

have children? Their privacy will suffer, too. They have to pay the price for your fame.

Female: Point taken. (7)________________________?____________.

I think another advantage of fame is that it gives you the power to really make a difference in the world. You
have more money, influence and resources than ordinary people, so you can do things they never could.
Dont you think?

Male: Yeah, thats very true. Um ...

(8)_________________________________ friends? Do
you think

its possible to trust anyone around you when youre rich and famous?

Exercise 2

Check your answers to Exercise I at the back of the book on page 40.

Turn-taking often involves the following functions:

A.give your own opinion clearly

B.invite a response

C.interrupt politely to make an important point

D.recover your thoughts when interrupted

E.change the angle/direction of discussion to keep a conversation going

Match the phrases from the dialogue in Exercise I to the functions, A-E.
1.But what was I saying? Oh, yes ...

2.Sorry, could I just add one more point?

3.But what about ... 1

4.Wouldnt you say?

5.The way I see it ...

Trinity ISE II - SpeakingPart 2

Exercise 3

First check your answers to Exercise 2 at the back of the book on page 40.

Now, youre going to work in pairs, Student I and Student 2. The subject of your discussion is:

Celebrities are good role models for children. Do you agree?

Follow the instructions below to write a sample dialogue for this discussion. Make sure you use the turntaking phrases youve learned in Exercise I and Exercise 2.

Student I: [You start. Give your opinion and invite Student 2 to respond.]

Exercise 4

Now act out the dialogue you wrote in Exercise 3 in your pairs. Practise it a few times together. Try to sound
polite and interested in what the other person says.

Exercise 5

Now its time for free-speaking practice. First, working alone, make notes on the following subject:

Celebrities are happier than most people because they have so many things most people dont. Do you
agree?

Then, find a partner and have a discussion about the topic. You can use your notes to help you. Remember
to be polite throughout the discussion. Make sure you take turns to participate.

Student 2: [Acknowledge Student Is opinion politely but disagree and explain why. Invite a response.]

Student I: [Acknowledge Student 2s point. Then, start writing your next point - but dont make it. Give the
dialogue back to Student 2 because Student 2 interrupts you.]

Tip!

When you are not speaking, you should be actively listening.
To show that they are listening, people often give certain cues or signs while the other person is talking.

For example:

*Nod your head in agreement, or to show that you have understood a point.

*Make eye contact.

*Use phrases like uh huh while the other person is talking to show you are paying attention to their
points.

Student 2: [Interrupt Student I to make an additional point and invite a response.]

Student I: [Acknowledge Student 2s point. Then recover your thoughts and return to the point you were
going to make before you were interrupted. Invite a response.]

Student 2: [Acknowledge Student Is point. Now change the angle/direction of discussion. Make an
unrelated point.]


Ask questions if you want to find out more information

Asking questions is very important in the Collaborative Task, where the examiner will tell you about a
dilemma or issue that he/she wants to discuss. You will be expected to advise the examiner or comment in
some way, using language of the level, BUT he/she will not have told you all the information you need. You
will have to find it out by asking good questions. Dont wait for the examiner to tell you because you will
lose marks.

Aside from the Collaborative Task, as weve seen already, being able to ask questions is also important
throughout the rest of the Speaking exam. Its needed for turn-taking, when you invite the other person to
speak / give an opinion / respond to a point. Remember, this is not a passive exam where you sit and do
what youre told. After the examiner has explained what you have to do, you generally have to ^take the
initiative in the three Speaking tasks._______^


Listen to the recording and answer the questions.

1.
Whats the problem?

2.
Whats the cause of the problem?

3.
Whats the advice?

4.
Is it good advice?

Check your answers at the back of the book on page 40.

Tip:

Obviously, before we can give advice, or comment, we have to be properly informed about the
situation/problem/ dilemma. In the exam, you will be given a problem/situation/ dilemma and you will be
asked to offer some advice or to comment on it.

Remember, you cannot offer good advice or comment properly on something until you know the
background information. In an information-gap situation like this, you have to ask questions to fill in the
gaps.

Let's listen to a full example dialogue. Listen to the recording and answer the questions on the next page.

Part 3

Information Gaps

pairs.

1.Whats your idea of the perfect job? Explain your answer.

2.What job would you really hate to do? Why?

3.Which is more important in a job - pay or conditions?

4.What are the advantages and disadvantages of a city-centre office job?

5.Think of some examples of alternative lifestyles and careers, e.g. working for yourself from home in the
countryside as an artist. Make a list. Why do you think some people prefer alternative lifestyles?

6.What are some of the things that can go wrong and cause stress in your work life?


Exercise 2 - Track 23

A. Listen to the recording, follow the conversation and put the information in the box (A-J) in the order you
hear it (1-8) to complete the background map.

A. very tired and stressed
B. reason: boring work, bad conditions, mean staff
C. works as office
manager

D. got a pay rise - 5,000
E. not easy to find another job
F. doesnt get a pay rise often

G. quitting = big risk J. conditions of work arent really that bad H. only started disliking job recently
1. other staff get a pay rise every year

PROBLEM

- hates job - wants to quit

BACKGOUND MAP
CAUSE

B. Now listen again and choose A, B or C.

I. What is the real cause of the problem?

A bad work conditions, boring work and mean staff B staff jealousy and bad work conditions C stress,
tiredness and misunderstanding

SOLUTION

2. What is the suggested solution?

A take a break from work B quit work and find a new job C have a staff discussion and a holiday

C. Check your answers for B at the back of the book on page 40. Then write them in the Cause and Solution
boxes above.

Tip:

Was the background information important to find out? Yes, because without it the advice could have been
very different. For example, the speaker was unhappy in his job, so the woman could have encouraged him
to leave it - but she found out there were no other jobs around and realised this would not have been good
advice. There is a lesson in that: find out as much as you can before giving your advice/suggestion/opinion.

Did the womans first suggestion solve the problem? No. Because although talking to the staff would help,
there was still another issue to deal with: the mans general unhappiness at work. There is a lesson in that:
you may

have to make several different suggestions in the exam before you find a solution.


Part 3

Active Listening Acknowledgement Phrases

We previously talked about the importance of listening carefully to the speaker when they talk. You can
show you are listening actively in your responses.

For example, look at a section of the recording youve just heard. The underlined phrases in italics are
acknowl-\edgement phrases. Use these in your conversations too.

\

Male: I really hate my job and I think I'll quit.

Female: Oh, I see. Um ... what do you do for a living?

Male: Im an office manager. I look after about ten staff. Female: Right. OK. And what is it about your job that
you dislike?

J

Exercise 3

A.
Advice phrases

Advice phrases are used to introduce your ideas for resolving a problem/dilemma. Put the words in the
correct order to form advice phrases.

I. were / if / you /1 /, / would /1

2.
dont / why / you

3.
think /1 / should / you

4.
might / it / a / idea / good / be / to

5.
should / perhaps / you

B.
Now check your answers to A on page 40.

Then write a one-sentence piece of advice for each of the problems below. Use a different advice phrase
from A for each answer.

1.
Problem: I dont know what course to do when I leave school.

Advice: I think you should talk to the school's careers teacher for professional advice.

2.
Problem: I feel very tired at work every day and Im finding it hard to concentrate.

Advice:____________________________________________

3.
Problem: I dont think I am paid enough for the work I do.

Advice:____________________________________________

4.
Problem: I chose a course I thought Id like to study at university, but now I find it really boring.

Advice:____________________________________________

5.
Problem: My workplace is very far from where I live and it takes me two hours to get to the office
every morning and another two hours to get home.

Advice:____________________________________________

6.
Problem: I stay at the office late every night of the week to get all my work done.

Advice:

C.
OK, now work in pairs and practise the advice phrases.

Student I, close your book, listen to Student 2s problems and offer him/her short pieces of advice. Try to
use the advice phrases you learned.

Student 2, read out 3 of the problems from B.

Now change roles.

Student 2, close your book, listen to Student Is problems and offer him/her short pieces of advice.

Try to use the advice phrases from B.

Student I, read out three of the problems from B.

28Trinity ISE II - Speaking

Part 3
Making Suggestions

You can also make suggestions using these simple suggestion phrases:

How about + -ing... How about taking some time off?

What about + -ing... What about asking for more time? Have you considered + -ing... Have you considered
quitting?

J

Exercise 4

A.
Work in pairs, Student I and Student 2.

Student I: You have a problem. You havent finished a project at work and the deadline is today. Make up a
background story for why and write some notes.

Student 2: You have a different problem. You dont find your job interesting any more. Make up a
background story for why and write some notes.

B.
Now...

Student I: Tell Student 2 your problem (You havent finished a project at work and the deadline is today.)
Dont give any details to Student 2 unless they ask you questions, though.

When they ask you questions, answer them fully. But when Student 2 makes his/her first suggestion on
what to do, make an excuse for why it wont work. Force Student 2 to ask you more questions and come up
with more ideas.

Do this (reject his/her Idea) at least twice.

Student 2: Listen to Student I tell you his/her problem. Then try to find out as much as you can about the
situation before offering him/her some advice.

C. Now...

Student 2: Tell Student I your problem (You don't fnd your job interesting any more.) Dont give any details
to Student I unless they ask you questions, though. When they do ask you questions, answer them fully.
When Student 2 makes his/her first suggestion on what to do, make an excuse for why it wont work. Force
Student 2 to ask you more questions and come up with more ideas. Do this (reject his/her idea) at least
twice.

Student I: Listen to Student 2 tell you his/her problem. Then try to find out as much as you can about the
situation before offering him/her some advice.

29 Trinity ISE II - Speaking

Part 4

Part 4
Grammar

pairs.

I. If you were a billionaire, what would you do with all your money?

2.
If you had been born in a rich area of Hollywood (USA), how would your life have been different?

3.
Is most crime caused by poor people, or is wealth not the issue?

4.
What do you think are the main reasons for youth unemployment?

5.
What should the government do about the problem of youth unemployment?

6.
Have you ever done any volunteer work?

7.
Think about when you were young - what did you use to do then that you miss now?


Part 4

Use a range of grammar

In the speaking part of the Speaking & Listening exam, the aim is to show the examiner what you know, lo
do well, you need to show that you can use the following language functions: Initiating and maintaining the
conversation; Expressing and expanding ideas and opinions; Highlighting advantages and disadvantages;
Speculating; Giving advice; Expressing agreement and disagreement and Eliciting further information. In
this lesson, we will look at some of the main types of grammar that will help you to communicate language
functions appropriate to the level.

Believe it or not, when you answered Questions I -7 on the previous page, you used some of the hardest
grammar it would be useful to know. For example:

* conditionals (second and third)

* used to

* modals for advice and suggestions

* modals for possibility

* present perfect continuous

* reported speech

* simple passive

The rest of this lesson will focus on some of the grammar points that you can use to help you communicate
the language functions. But we will only take a quick look at each point. ^So, if you find a particular point
very difficult, you should go back and study it again.

J

Exercise I Reported Speech

Direct speech Reported Speech

hear - heard

is hearing - was hearing

has heard - had heard

A.
For questions 1-3, complete the second sentence with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1.
I believe the problem is worse than ever before."

She said that she_____________________(believe)
the problem___________________(is)
worse than
ever before.

2.
"Ive done volunteer work with the homeless many times in the past."

He said that he________________________(ve done) volunteer work with the homeless many times in the past.

3.
"I'm trying to help improve the situation by working in a soup kitchen some evenings, but it is often
hard to find time to volunteer."

She said that she___________________________(m trying) to
help the situation
by working in a soup
kitchen some

evenings, but that it______________________(is) often hard to
find time to
volunteer.


Part 4

B. When might you use reported speech in the Speaking exam? Well, perhaps when you want to repeat what
someone already said as a reminder, or to question what they meant. For example:

Male: Each individual has a role to play in making society better.... [speech continues] ... I dont think
individual people can improve society - its the governments role.

Female: But earlier you said that each individual had a role to play. How can that be true if you now say it's
the government's responsibility?

Now, get into groups of three, Student I, Student 2 and Student 3. Were going to do a reporting game to
practise reported speech. Heres how it works:

Part I

Student I and Student 2, you are going to have a discussion about the following topic:

I live in a fair and equal society.

However, theres a problem... You cant talk to each other. You can only whisper (speak very quietly) to
Student 3. So, each time you want to say something, tell Student 3 and ask him/her to pass on the message.
Student 3, your job is to listen to Student I's points and report them to Student 2, and to listen to Student 2s
points and report them to Student I.

Part 2

Student I and Student 3, you are going to have a discussion about the following topic:

Young people today do not respect their elders.

However, theres that problem again! You cant talk to each other. You can only whisper to Student 2. So,
each time you want to say something, tell Student 2 and ask him/her to pass on the message.

Student 2, your job is to listen to Student Is points and report them to Student 3, and to listen to Student 3s
points and report them to Student I.

Part 3

Student 2 and Student 3, you are going to have a discussion about the following topic:

Animals are just as important as people in society.

But theres that problem again! You cant talk to each other. You can only whisper to Student I. So, each time
you want to say something, tell Student I and ask him/her to pass on the message.

Student I, your job is to listen to Student 2s points and report them to Student 3, and to listen to Student 3s
points and report them to Student 2.

32

Exercise 2 Used to

A.
Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

Male: What (I)________________________(used to)
do
when

you were younger that's different now? Do you think things have changed for the better or worse?

Female: When I was younger, I (2)____________(used to)

chat to my neighbours a lot. We don't do that these days. But

I (3)____________________(not / used to) chat to my family

in America very often because we didnt have the internet back then, whereas I chat to them all the time
now. I guess some things have changed for the better, and some things have changed for the worse.

B.
Make a list of things that you used to and didnt use to do when you were younger - things that you
do / dont do today. Then share and discuss your list with a partner.

Exercise 3 Modals (for suggestion)

A. For I -2, choose the correct answer to complete the suggestion.

Things we want the government to do to improve our education system (because a better education system
creates a better society):

1.
The government should / ought to invest more money in teacher training. Teachers need help and
support in order to deliver the best lessons they can.

2.
The government had better to / better had / had better

build more schools, too. Class sizes are too large and its very hard for kids to learn.

3.

4.

B.
For 3-4, write your own suggestions on what you want the government to do to make the education
system better. Then share your ideas with a partner and discuss them.


Part 4

Exercise 4 Modals (for possibility) and Expressions of Certainty

A. Complete the phrases in the table. Write the missing letters.

Question: Will ... happen in the future?

% chance
Expression

100
Itll d f i e happen.

75
Itll p r a _ 1 y happen

50
It m / m h_ happen

25
It p a _ 1 y wont happen

0 It fie wont happen.

B.
Listen to the recording and write the missing phrases that you hear in the gaps. (Track 24)

Will the world be a more equal place to live in in the near future?

Im (I)____________ that wont happen.
I think there are

too many problems to solve. And Im (2)_________________

it will take more than a few years to solve all of them. In

fact, Im (3)____________________if
well ever live in a fairer

and more equal world. For example, even here in a rich country like the UK, the gap between rich and poor
continues to get bigger. According to recent reports, a growing number of families now depend on charity to
provide simple

things like food. Therefore, Im (4)____________________

that the situation is, sadly, getting much worse.

C.
Check your answers to A and B on page 40.

Now work in pairs. Discuss this topic and try to use some of the grammar and expressions of certainty
youve learned:

Will we ever live in a world without crime?

Exercise 5 Present perfect continuous

We use the present perfect continuous to talk about something that started in the past but hasnt finished
yet.

For example: I've been reading about global warming lately.

started reading now

reading time

A. Complete this discussion with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

People say that improving society starts at home. What have you been doing lately to help and support your
family?

Well, 1(1)_________________________(try) to do the daily

chores a lot more. I mean, I didnt use to do many at all, but then I realised how tired Mum is when she gets
home from work, so I (2)__________________________(do) a lot

more lately to help her out. I (3)______________(take)

the dog for walks too.

Thats a big commitment - you have to walk him twice a

day for one hour. And I (4)_____________________(kelp)

my younger brother out with his homework so Mum and Dad dont have to and can have a little rest time
instead.

I (5)_______________________ (not /
do) anything
amazing,

I suppose; but every little helps...

B. Now check your answers to A on page 40. Then, in pairs, discuss this question:

What, if anything, have you been doing recently to help protect the environment?

Exercise 6 Conditionals

A. Read the information about the second and third conditional forms. Then pick a topic that interests you
(any topic) and write one second conditional question and one third conditional question about that topic.

/Second conditional

We use the 2nd conditional to talk about imaginary situations in

relation to the present or future.

Question form

If + past simple [what/who/where/when/how +] would + verb

e.g. If you won the lottery, what would you spend the money on?

e.g. If you were rich, would you donate much money to charity?

Third conditional

We use the 3rd conditional to talk about imaginary situations in the past.

Question form

If + past perfect [what/who/where/when/how +] would have + past participle ...

e.g. If you had listened to your parents more as a young child, would you have made as many mistakes? e.g.
If you had lived in a time period like the 1800s, would life y have been very different?

B. Now, find a partner. Ask and discuss your conditional questions. Then listen to your partners conditional
questions and discuss his/hers too.

33


Part 5

Part 5 Fluency

pairs.

r

Buy yourself time to speak fluently

In the exam, you will gain marks if you speak clearly and naturally, without long pauses or hesitations.
Therefore, don't get stuck trying to find the perfect word for what you want to say. If its not there when
you want it, dont stop speaking. Continue and just make your point in another way. That said, even native
speakers have to think about what they want to say from time to time. But they dont pause unnaturally for
long periods to do so. Instead, they use filler words and utterances to buy them a little more time. We will
look specifically at time-buying phrases later in this lesson.

Another thing that improves your fluency is the use of linking phrases. Speaking is no different to writing;
you still have to link your ideas together for them to sound natural and make sense, but the way you link
your ideas will be less formal..

So, these three tips will help you improve your fluency and sound more natural:

Dont waste time finding the perfect word; say it another way.

* Use time-buying phrases to allow yourself time to think.

* Use linking phrases throughout your discussion to join your . ideas together.

Exercise I Time-buying Phrases

Listen to the recording and follow the transcript. Highlight or underline the words/phrases the female
speaker uses to buy time. (Track 25)

Male: Do you think its right to keep animals as pets? Female: Um, the way I see it, so long as the animals are
well treated, theres nothing wrong with that really. Er, actually, I should clarify my statement a little. I
mean, I think its OK to keep animals like cats and dogs and things as pets, but not wild animals. The thing is,
they should be free. Its just not, well, right to keep them in one place all the time. That's cruel. I guess what
Im trying to say is it depends on the animal; wild animals are a definite no, but, you know, I cant see
anything wrong with keeping, like, domestic animals as pets.

Check your answers on page 40.

1.
Some people say sports like horse racing are cruel to animals - what do you think? Are there any
sports apart from horse racing that you find cruel?

2.
Is it fair to keep wild animals, like snakes, as pets?

Do you think animals suffer or benefit from living with humans?

3.
Why do you think some people decide to become vegetarians? Would you ever consider being a
vegetarian? Why?/Why not?

4.
What effect might global warming have on wild animals?

5.
Do you think zoos are a good or a bad thing? Explain your answer.

Tip!

Here are some more useful filler phrases...

Responding to a question

Hmmm...

Let's see ...

Developing/explaining your point

The thing is ...

What Im trying to say is ...

What I mean is ...

I guess ...

Track 26


Part 5

Exercise 2 Time-buying Phrases

A.
You are now going to listen to a short dialogue. Pay attention to where the speakers use pauses.
Follow

the dialogue in the transcript below and mark the pauses.

Harry: Personally, Im against zoos. What do you think?

Stevie: Um, Im not so sure. I mean, they help protect endangered species. Thats a pretty, well, important
thing.

Harry: OK, but, you know, so do safari parks. The difference is the animals aren't, like, kept in tiny spaces.

Stevie: Thats true. The thing is, though, zoos are really, well, popular. They attract a lot of young people. I
think theyve got important, you know, educational value.

Harry: Hmmm. Actually, I hadn't thought of it like that. I guess, in a perfect world, no wild animals would be,
like, kept in zoos. But we dont live in a perfect world, so zoos, um, have a role.

Check your answers on page 40.

B.
Now work in pairs. Role-play the dialogue trying to copy the way the speakers talked on the
recording.

But don't forget, you should only use these phrases when you need to buy time.

Note!

On pages 36-37, there is a detailed list of linking phrases for Speaking, organised according to function. Each
day, before you do Speaking practice, refer to pages 36-37 and pick one or two new phrases to try to use
that day.

Become familiar with them gradually in this way.

Exercise 3 Linking Phrases A. Sequencing phrases

These are phrases that help you list or put your ideas in order. You can use words like Furthermore and
Moreover in Speaking, but you can also use some less formal Speaking synonyms. Write the missing letters
to complete each phrase.

Formal Spoken

Firstly, F__s_ _f a
,

Furthermore, A__ a_o__er th__g.

What is more, W

,

Additionally, T_e_ t_e
's

B. Contrasting phrases (Track 27)

These are phrases that help you introduce a different point of view. There are very useful when looking at
the advantages and disadvantages of something. Listen to the dialogue and write the missing phrases in the
gaps.

Male: What about free-range farming? Where all the animals have lots of space to move around in?

(I)________________________ ,
that seems very fair and

reasonable to me. (2)__________________________________________.

I sometimes wonder why more farms arent free-range. Female: I think it is very fair. In fact, I think other
farming methods, like factory farming, are incredibly cruel. Imagine keeping poor animals in tiny little cages
their whole lives. How terrible!

Male: True. (3)____________________________, very few farms

are free-range and Im sure that's not because most

farmers are cruel people. (4)__________________________________,

I do think it might have something to do with cost. Female: Yes, no doubt free-range farming is a lot more

expensive. (5)____________________________ I still think its

less cruel and the right way to go.

Male: Does that mean you would be prepared to pay extra for your food in the shops because it would cost
more to produce on the farm?

Female: Good question! Yes, I suppose I would.

(6)________________________ ,
a
lot
of
people wouldnt
be

able to afford to pay more. It would put a lot of pressure on their finances, which is unfair.

Male: (7)___________________________, it
might be
a
good

thing if people had to think twice about buying farm products. It might make them consider the meat-free
alternatives. Dont you think?

Female: Well, (8)________________being a
vegetarian, Im

not sure its fair to make' people stop eating meat, is it?

Male: I suppose not. (9)_______________________________.
if

everyone were vegetarian, it would definitely solve the problem of cruel factory farms!

C.
Now work in pairs. First, make some notes on the following topic:

The advantages and disadvantages of vegetarianism.

Then, have a discussion about it with your partner. Try to include some of the linking phrases used in A and
B.


Linking Words and Phrases I

Here, there is a detailed list of linking phrases for Speaking by certain functions. Each day, before you do
Speaking practice, refer to these pages and pick one or two new phrases to try to use that day. Become
familiar with them gradually in this way.

Linking Words and Phrases I

Giving an opinion

If you ask me, ...

As I see it, ...

The way I see it, ...

To my way of thinking, ... To my mind, ...

As far as I'm concerned, ... In my view, ...

In my opinion, ...

Agreeing strongly

I couldn't agree more.

I completely agree.

I totally agree with you. Exactly.

Agreeing

I agree.

I know what you mean.

I guess youre right.

I see what you mean.

I see where you're coming from.

Sequencing / Supporting

Firstly, ...

Secondly, ...

And another thing, ... What's more, ...

On top of that, ... Then there's ... Furthermore, ... Additionally, ...

Not to mention ... Besides, ...

...as well.

What's your view?

How do you see it?

What do you think?

What's your take on this/it? What's your opinion?

Do you have a view on this? What's your point of view?

Inviting a response/opinion

Disagreeing politely

I know what you mean, but ... I see what you mean, but ...

I take your point, but...

I see what you're saying, but...

Disagreeing more firmly

Unfortunately, I (completely) disagree. I'm afraid I (totally) disagree.

I'm sorry, but I can't agree.

I'm afraid I don't see it the same way as you.

Contrasting

That said, ...

Having said that, ... Nonetheless, ... Despite that, ... Nevertheless, ... However, ...

On the other hand, ... In spite of that, ...

Be that as it may, ... Then again, ...

Inviting agreement

Wouldn't you say? Don't you agree? Don't you think? Wouldn't you agree?

Interrupting

(Sorry,) Can I just say ... ?

(Sorry,) Can I just add ... ?

Sorry, I just wanted to add

Sorry, I just wanted to say .

Can I just mention ... ?

Can I just stop you for a moment?

Before you continue, can I just say ... ?

Sorry, I'd just like to add ...

Giving results

Because of that, ...

As a result, ... Consequently, ...

For that reason, ...

As a consequence, ... Therefore, ...

... so ...

36


Linking Words and Phrases 2

Linking Words and Phrases 2

Giving reasons
Summing up
Giving examples

... because ... Due to .../... due to ... ... because of ... ... on account of ... ... since ...

Basically, ... All in all,
... To sum up, ... In short, ... On the whole, ... In the main, ... To conclude, ...
For example, ... For instance,
... ... such as ... ... like ...

Expressing purpose
Giving advice
Explaining

... so that ... ... so as to ... ... in order to ...

If 1 were you, Id ... If 1 were in your shoes, Id ... Why
dont you ... 1 How about ... ? Have you considered ... ? 1 think you should ... Perhaps you should/could ...
In other words, ... That is, ...

Asking for clarification

Im sorry, 1 dont quite understand. Could you say that again please? Im sorry, Im
not sure what you mean. Could you say it one more time, please? Could you repeat that, please? Are you
saying ... ?

Recovering your thoughts

Where was 1? What was 1 saying?

Changing direction

Clarifying something

What about [new subject] ... ? How about [new subject] ... ? Moving on, ...

What 1
meant was ... What Im trying to say is ...


Project

Project
A step-by-step method of preparation for the Topic Task

The Project

This section is very specific. It relates to Speaking Task I, the Topic Task. Follow the steps carefully and
make a real effort to do this project well. After all, this is the only part of the Speaking you get to choose and
prepare the topic for in advance. Use that to your advantage.

Step 1
Research

Choose a topic you are really interested in. It can't be a topic from the list of subject areas for the
Conversation, and it must enable you to produce language of the level. For example, Sport at school; Art in
education. Whatever you choose, make sure its something you are genuinely interested in. This will make
the project much easier.

Next, at home, find out some information about the topic. Read articles in your own language as well as
English, and take notes in English. Remember that your discussion with the examiner will only last up to
four minutes, so you will need to select information carefully.

Then, divide the topic into four main areas to talk about. For example, Sport at school: I) Advantages of
playing sport at school 2) Disadvantages of sport at school 3) Should sport be compulsory at school? 4)
What I would change about my sports lessons. Organise your notes into those four main areas.

Using your notes to help you, prepare a four-minute presentation on your topic for class. Remember this is
just for practice and to help you gain confidence. In the exam the topic is a discussion with the examiner, not
actually a presentation. It is important to aim for real communication rather than just reproducing facts that
you have learnt.

Step 2j

Deliver your class presentation. You may use your notes to help you during the presentation.

Once the presentation is over, invite the class to ask you questions about your topic. You want them to ask
you as many questions as possible. Encourage lots of questions.

Students: When your classmate is giving their presentation, listen actively and take notes. Then, ask them as
many questions as you can think of about the topic when theyve finished speaking. The more questions you
can think of to ask them about the topic, the more helpful it will be. (Not specific factual questions such as
When was he born? Discussion and personalised questions, e.g. Why do you like X so much? How long have
you liked X? What is the most impressive thing about X? If you were X, what would you do? What would you
change about X if you could?)

Step 3

The most important part of the Class Presentation was the question-and-answer section. Think about what
happened. Did the class ask you questions you werent expecting? Did you have any difficulty answering
some of the questions?

Once you have reflected on your performance, evaluate your topic. Ask yourself:

o Do I need to find out any more information about it?

o Am I happy with the four areas I have chosen to talk about or do I want to change them?

o What, in particular, do I need more practice talking about?

Make any changes you think are necessary to your project now.


Step 4

Now that you have decided on your topic and four areas to talk about, its time to make a mind map or an
outline plan. Your mind map or plan should look like this:

Keep this mind map or plan, because you will bring it to the exam with you and show it to the examiner.

The examiner will use the map or plan as a guide for what to ask you about.

Next, rewrite your notes for each topic area in a clear way that someone else could understand.

You are going to share your notes with another student soon.

Students: At this point, its important to get as much practice as you can talking about your topic from
different angles. Even when theres no-one who speaks English around, you can still find a friend or family
member to discuss the topic with in your own language. For example, start presenting the information in
your notes to them and invite them to interrupt you whenever they want to ask a question to find out
something specific. Encourage them to ask you lots of questions. Even though this conversation will be in
your first language, it will still give you plenty of ideas for what you can expect to be asked by the examiner.
You can then practise answering the questions in English later.

Step 5j)

Work in pairs. Exchange copies of each other's notes. Give your partner your clearly written notes
organised under the four areas youve chosen to talk about. Take a copy of their notes.

At home, study their notes carefully. As you go through their notes, think about possible lines of
questioning for your partner. Write down as many questions as you can think of for each section of notes.
Spend time doing this for your partner - it will really help them prepare.

Organise your questions clearly and connect them to the notes. You are going to have a discussion with
your partner in the next class, so good preparation is important to make the discussion as helpful for them
as possible.

Step 6j)

In your next class, get into your pairs again, Student I and Student 2.

Student I: Tell the examiner (your partner) what your topic is and begin talking about it. Listen carefully
and answer any questions you are asked (and be prepared to ask questions, too; to check what your partner
means or to ask for their opinion, for example). Student 2: Listen actively to your partner and ask questions
about the topic (use the questions you have prepared at home to help you) or make comments.

Now swap roles. Student 2: Tell the examiner (your partner) what your topic is and begin talking about it.
Listen carefully and answer any questions you are asked (and be prepared to ask questions too; to check
what your partner means or to ask for their opinion, for example). Student I: Listen actively to your partner
and ask questions about the topic (use the questions you have prepared at home to help you) or make
comments.

Students: During this discussion, as well as In the actual exam, do not enter into long, memorised
monologues. You will not get a higher grade if you do this. Remember, it is a discussion; there are two
speakers. It should definitely sound natural; not rehearsed.

Step 7

Think about how easy it was for you to talk about your topic and answer your partners questions. Did you
struggle a lot? Were there any questions you didnt expect?

Practise in the areas where you need to improve most. Take every opportunity to discuss your topic in
both your first language and in English right up until you actually take the exam.


Additional Material

Speaking - Audioscript
Part I

Exercise 1C - Rude Audioscript

in publ... Female: Hold on a minute. Thats absolute and complete nonsense. Gossiping about a person is far
ruder and it hurts their feelings. Im right, arent I? Admit it.

Male: Youre dead wrong, actually. Thats a stupid answer. Whats the big deal about gossiping? The person
may never find out you're talking about them, so how can they even know if its rude or not? Well, what do
you have to say to that, huh?

Female: OK, but so what? It doesnt matter if the person doesnt know, you still shouldnt do it and it's really
bad behaviour. Besides, people usually find out about gossip, so they almost always DO get hurt. You see?
Ha. Now whos right?

Male: Oh, well done you. Youre so smart! Talking loudly on a train or bus affects all the people around you,
though. So, even if both actions are rude, my examples way worse. Im right, you see. Ha!

Exercise IC - Polite Audioscript

in public. Female: Um, can I just say something? Im not sure I agree. Gossiping about a person is far ruder
and it hurts their feelings. Dont you think so?

Male: I m afraid I couldn't disagree more. Whats so bad about gossiping? The person may never find out
you're talking about them, so how can they even know if its rude or not? Wouldnt you agree?

Female: Um, I take your point, but it doesnt matter if the person doesnt know; you still shouldnt do it and
its really bad behaviour. Besides, people usually find out about gossip, so they almost always DO get hurt.

Male: Yeah, I see where youre coming from. Talking loudly on a train or bus affects all the people around
you, though. So, even if both actions are rude, my examples considerably worse. Surely youd agree.

Answer Key for the Speaking Section

Part I

Exercise I

IB.

1.
Um, can I just say something?

I'm not sure I agree.

2.
Dont you think so?

3.
Im afraid I couldnt disagree more.

4.
Wouldnt you agree?

5.
Um, I take your point, but...

6.

7.
Yeah, I see where you're coming from.

8.
Surely youd agree.

Part 2

Exercise I

I. the way I see it 2. wouldnt you say

3.
I see where youre coming from, but

4.
mustnt it? 5. fair point

6.
Sorry, could I just add one more point?

7.
But what was I saying? Oh, yes

8.
But what about

Exercise 2: I. D 2. C 3. E 4. B 5. A

Part 3

Exercise I

1.
The man is stressed and he needs a way to feel better

2.
We dont know. We are not told in the conversation.

3.
The woman advises him to take a holiday.

4.
No! The female speaker never asked why the man was stressed. She never found out anything
whatsoever about his problem, so how could she give good advice?

40

Exercise 2

2B: I . C 2. C

Exercise 3

3A. I. If I were you, I would ...

2.
Why dont you ... ?

3.
I think you should ...

4.
It might be a good idea to ...

5.
Perhaps you should ...

Part 4 Exercise 4

4A. 100% definitely 75% probably 50% may / might 25% probably 0% definitely

4B. I. almost certain 2. pretty sure 3. not really sure 4. fairly certain

Exercise 5 5A.

1.
have been trying

2.
have been doing

3.
have been taking

4.
have been helping

5.
havent been doing

Part 5

Exercise I

Male: Do you think its right to keep animals as pets?

Female: Um, the way I see it, so long as the animals are well treated, theres nothing wrong with that really.
Er, actually, I should clarify my statement a little.

I mean, I think its OK to keep animals like cats and dogs and things as pets, but not wild animals. The thing
is, they should be free - its just not, well, right to keep them in one place all the time. That's cruel. I guess
what Im trying to say is it depends on the animal - wild animals are a definite no, but, you know, I can't see
anything wrong with keeping, like, domestic animals as pets.

Exercise 2 2A.

Harry: Personally, Im against zoos.

What do you think?

Stevie: Um [pause], Im not so sure. I mean [pause], they help protect endangered species. Thats a pretty,
well [pause], important thing.

Harry: OK, but, you know [pause], so do safari parks. The difference is the animals arent, like [pause], kept
in tiny spaces.

Stevie: Thats true. The thing is, though [pause], zoos are really, well [pause], popular. They attract a lot of
young people. I think theyve important, you know [pause], educational value.

Harry: Hmmm [pause]. Actually, I hadnt thought of it like that. I guess [pause], in a perfect world, no wild
animals would be, like [pause], kept in zoos.

But we dont live in a perfect world, so zoos, um [pause], have a role.

1

Trinity ISE II

4 theme-based units

ideal for the Subject areas included in the Conversation task of Trinity ISE II: the Speaking exam
Subject areas

Society and living standards

Personal values and ideals

The world of work

National environmental concerns

Public figures past and present


Vocabulary & Structure Pre-speaking Activities

Tip: To describe a place you need to use a variety of adjectives to make your description more vivid and
interesting.

A. use the adjectives which describe the places below to fill in the blanks.

isolated, overpopulated, boring, industrial, popular, ugly. Inconvenient, relaxing

CITY

urban area

1. attractive

cosmopolitan

....................../

densely populated

modern

popular

........................./

unattractive

littered

historic

COUNTRYSIDE

rural rea

2. distant/remote

friendly

quiet

peaceful

pleasant environment

......................../ dull

......................

picturesque

SUBURB/OUTSKIRTS
3. quiet

peaceful
far

wooded/planted with trees

(no regular public transport)

Note: We say:
a house/flat in the suburbs

a house/flat on the outskirts

B. Collocations

Look at the adjectives below and use the given nouns that these adjectives describe best to fill in the blanks.

building, atmosphere, area, pollution

1. built-up

central

crowded

isolated

noisy

off-the-beaten-track

remote

run-down

poverty-stricken

huge / vast

polluted

2. calm / cosy

friendly

gloomy

hostile / loving

relaxed

9 stuffy__________

3. attractive / appealing

crumbling

smoky

gloomy / depressing

modern / ancient / old

multi-storey

renovated / Imposing

typical / traditional

environmentally friendly

upper/mlddle/low class

4. air

chemical

environmental

noise

toxic

water

land

Speak!

Where do you live? (mention place, address) 9 Describe the city/countryside/suburb you live in using the
adjectives above.

Give reasons why you feel this way.

Speak!

Use the adjectives above to describe your neighbourhood (refer to the atmosphere, buildings, traffic,
pollution).

9 You want to learn about the place your Facebook friend lives in. What questions would you ask him/her?


Reading

C. Read the text and answer the questions. Write a maximum of five words for each answer. An example is
done for you.

Big Cities are Dying

In the recent few decades there has been an increasing and constant shift of human populations from rural
regions to urban centres which have been expanding at a tremendous rate and reducing vast parts of
wooded land. This mass migration has caused a lot of considerable changes to both regions. It has
deteriorated the life of people in urban areas and has destroyed the balance of biodiversity in rural areas.

The findings of recent reports on the living conditions of big cities are terribly disappointing. City planners
claim that this dramatic growth of urban regions has turned cities into packed and polluted places, whose
inhabitants are gradually choking by toxic fumes. The rise of sky-high buildings, skyscrapers, bad city
planning, the high population density and lack of green areas have negatively affected the quality of city life.
Big city parts are declining and are becoming filthier and uglier.

But how could these big urban centres be improved? There is a great number of structural changes and
substantial improvements that could be made. What cities really need first is well-designed city planning
with effective road networks, squares and reliable public transport which will immensely facilitate traffic
and ease traffic congestion. Not to mention, the creation of large green areas, such as parks, which could
also contribute positively to a cleaner and healthier city environment.

What the state could also do is to fight air pollution. Strict restrictions should be imposed on those factories
whose poisonous chemical emissions pollute the atmosphere and cause all sorts of health problems,
chronic, incurable or fatal diseases to the people of urban centres.

Therefore, those manufacturers who break the law should receive heavy fines so as to conform to existent
environmental laws. In addition, old fleets of buses should be replaced with new ones which will greatly
reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As for cars? One effective solution for them is to run in the city centre on
alternate days for less congested streets and less polluted atmosphere. Second, the purchase of hybrid cars
will definitely help us reduce the levels of pollution as these cars use less petrol and are environmentally
friendly.

Last but not least, city dwellers' ecological awareness should be raised so that they can take the initiative to
look after the area they live in. They should all try hard to keep their neighbourhood clean, encourage
recycling and develop projects for planting more trees and creating more green areas. To achieve this, they
have to cooperate with the local authorities and green clubs or any other environmental organisation so
that they can contribute effectively to the process of saving our cities.

All In all, these changes will definitely improve citizens' lives and create a better and healthier environment
in big cities.

1. What does the expansion of urban areas towards rural areas affect negatively?

2. What are the findings of recent reports like?

3. What did the dramatic growth of urban regions make cities look like?

4. What makes city populations unable to breathe clear air?

5. How are big city parks declining?

6. How should manufacturers who break the law and don't respect the environment be punished?

7. Why should hybrid cars be promoted?

8. How could city-dwellers be encouraged to take initiative in Improving their city?

9. What two main things should city dwellers do to clean up

You want to rent house/flat and you see an advertisement, and Improve their area?
What
questions would you ask the owner on the phone?

............................................................. Ask about: its type, location, style, size, facilities and cost.

43

Example: What causes the expansion of big cities? the shift of human populations

D. Match the words with the building below.

terraced houses, mansion, detached houses, flat, semi-detached houses, cottage

Types of houses
1.

2.

3.

4.

5

Speak!

What's your house/flat like?

Tip: A description of a place can be seen in magazine articles, travel guides or letters. It can be written in a
formal, semi-formal or informal style depending on the target reader.

E.

Use the points below to fill in the blanks.

hectic/stressful lifestyle

picturesque

overpopulated

good job opportunities

less privacy

high cost of living

entertainment facilities

closer to nature

THE CITY

Advantages

......................

good education (schools, universities, libraries)

(cinemas, theatres, art, galleries,

restaurants, night clubs)______

Disadvantages

heavy/dense traffic (traffic jams) pollution (air/noise pollution)

high crime rate______

THE COUNTRY

Advantages

clean air - less traffic

.............................

people closer together (better social relationships, stronger bonds)

...........................

B. FLAT IN THE CITY CENTRE
2. a) more wasteful b)
claustrophobic c) inaccessible d)
more secure

Advantages

easy to run and maintain economical
(2) access to public transport shopping facilities

Disadvantages

. no privacy (noisy neighbours) not spacious
lack of storage
polluted atmosphere
no parking facilities : ' ' 3, ifciijT

Remember!

Formal Style: advanced vocabulary - frequent use of passive

no contractions - avoid phrasal verbs or colloquial language

no description of feelings use of participles

complex language no exclamation marks

formal linking words (e.g. furthermore)

Semi-Formal Style: personal/friendly tone

less use of short forms (contractions) careful use of idioms

non-colloquial language * wide use of adjectives

direct or indirect questions

Informal

friendly tone everyday expressions use of short forms

use of idioms/idiomatic expressions/phrasal verbs/colloquial language (e.g. What's up?)
pronouns often omitted in letters (e.g. Hope you can find a solution)

less stressful life.

Linking words

G. Choose the correct words to complete the extract of an article below and then answer the questions.

Are you aware of the environment? Then you should have a modern home which respects the environment.
Such a home should be equipped with the latest energy-saving technology so that / so as (1) to contribute to
a less polluted world.

If our home is well designed and well insulated, it'll be less energy wasteful. But / Moreover (2) how can
you achieve this? By having a home with a good number of energy saving facilities such as / such an (3)
efficient and non-polluting central heating and a solar water heater to save energy and money. Insulated
walls and double or triple glazing windows can also prevent heat from being wasted.

In this way, it can definitely have the suitable insulation and an environmentally-friendly heating system.

At the end, / Finally, (4) high-technology equipment, like computer-controlled appliances and state-of-theart devices, like energy efficient light bulbs, can make it easier to run and more economical to maintain.

Answer the questions.

a)
What's the style of this description? Semi-formal or Informal?

b)
Where can such a text be seen?...........................

slow pace of life Disadvantages

(everyone knows everyone else's business)

limited opportunities (for education, good jobs, medical care, entertainment)

F. Fill in the blanks in the boxes below. Choose a, b, c or d to complete them.

A. HOUSE IN A SUBURB
1. a) easier access b) cheaper rent c)
more greenery d) regular public
transport

Advantages

it has a garden

(1) spacious and pleasant
more privacy
less noise and traffic -
less polluted atmosphere

N

Disadvantages

isolated
no shopping and transport facilities
expensive to maintain and heat not secure
enough (easily be broken into)
need to do a lot of commuting Inconvenient

44


Listening

Activity 1

Answer these questions.

What sights do you visit when you go abroad?

Why is it important to visit museums?

Have you ever visited a museum? What was it like?

The following tasks are designed to help you deal with the Trinity ISE II independent Listening Task.

Activity 2

You will hear the recording about the National History Museum once.

Write in one or two sentences what the speaker is talking about

Activity 3

You will now listen to the recording again. Make some short notes in order to help you answer the following
question: What is the necessary information one needs to know about the National History Museum?

Natural History Museum

Opening times daily: 10.00a.m. - 17.50p.m.

1.
Museum not open:......................................

2.
Wildlife Photographer of the year, ticket:............

3.
Darwin Exhibition ticket:.............................

4.
Admission to the museum:............................

5.
Planning your visit with:......................

6.
Zones on the groundfloor:........................

7.
Zone on the first and second floors:..................

8.
Donation to help the museum:..........................

Unit

'1

Speaking - 1

A. Improve your speaking skills Common mistakes

Before you answer the questions below, spot the mistakes in the given questions/answers and correct
them.

1.
- Where you live? 4.
-

- I live in 45, Bond Street.

2.
- Where is your home?
5.
-

- My home is in the outskirts of the city, not on a suburb.

Do you think the furnitures of your room needs any change? Well, what it really need Is some sort of
rearrangement.

Do you have to make any jobs In your garden this week? Oh, yes! What I have to do is to trim the fence
because it has become overgrown.

3. - How you get to the city centre? - I get there with car.

6. - Do always you keep your room tidy?

- Definitely no. It's often untidy. To tell you the truth, I don't have the hour to tidy it up.

B. Situations

Use the situations below and express yourself.

Likes & Dislikes

1. You don't like living in your area but somewhere else. I'd rather..................................

2. Your parents have told you that you are going to move house. I'd really love the idea.......................................

3. Your parents have asked you to spend your weekend with them in the country.

I'm not that keen................................................

4. You are asked to say If you want to buy a new bookcase for your room.

Not exactly! I'd prefer..................................

5. You are asked to mention one advantage and one disadvantage of your area.

To be honest, one of the main advantages of my area......

Get on-line

Find information on the internet about

a famous historical site in London you want to visit or you have visited. Write a short summary and present
your work in class.

Speaking Helpline

Likes/Dislikes/Preferences

I like/don't like living ....

I would prefer to live in ... rather than in ...

I'd really love the idea of living ...

I'd rather live in ... than in ...

I prefer living in a house to living in a flat.

I'm not keen on going ...

I'm afraid, I wouldn't like to ...

Listing Advantages/Disadvantages

A main advantage/disadvantage of living in ... is ...

Another advantage/disadvantage is ...

On the one hand, ...

On the other hand,...

On the other hand,

Tip: When speaking use correct intonation and pronunciation of the words you are using.

Speaking - 2


Activity 1

Answer the questions below:

Places

1.
What kind of home would you like to live in if you could choose? 2. What is your city/town/village
like?

3.
Would you like to live in a skyscraper? Why? Why not? 4.
Do you like the city/town/village
where you live?

Activity 2

Role-play the situations below with another student:

A.
(Role Play)

We're friends. I start

I: Do you like the area you live in?

We're classmates. I start.

I: Do you spend a lot of time at home?

We're new neighbours. I start.

I: Hi! How do you feel about your new home?

You're my cousin. I start.

I: Do you prefer your new home to your old one?

B.
(Role Play)

We're friends.

You want to learn about my room. You start.

We're new neighbours.

You want to ask me about the local buses. You start.

We're friends.

You want to learn about how you can get to my home. You start.

You're a stranger.

You want to learn about the pros and cons of my area where you are planning to rent the house next to
mine.

Note: Now listen to a speaking model.

Activity 3

Give your opinion on one of the topics below:

Topics

A. Life in big cities.

B.
The benefits of environmentally friendly homes. C.
settling down in a foreign country.

The advantages and disadvantages of



Tip: When describing an event, sound as natural and interesting as you can.

A. Can you circle the words which don't describe a natural disaster?

Odd One Out

Collocations

C. Match the words below.

1. snowflake snowstorm blizzard
hailstorm

2.
thunderstorm gale raindrop torrential rain

3. heatwave sunstroke
sandstorm drought

4.
hurricane tornado typhoon breeze

5.
landslide fog volcanic eruption earthquake

B. Match the words with their meanings.

cyclone/typhoon
drizzle monsoon blizzard

hailstorm
hurricane
tornado/twister

shower whirlwind downpour/cloudburst

Types of weather

Rain

1 .......................... fine, light rain

2 .......................... a short period of rain

3 .......................... a heavy fall of rain; it often starts

suddenly

Storms & Strong Winds

4
a period of very heavy rain In particular countries

5
a very strong wind which moves very fast in a spinning movement that causes lots of damage

6
violent tropical storms with very strong winds

7
a violent storm with heavy rains and high winds

8
a snow storm with very strong winds

9

very strong winds which move in a circle, often with a long, narrow, funnel like a cloud

10

a storm during which small balls of Ice fall from the sky like rain

Speak!

- Have you ever been caught In a storm? What was it like?

1. air a)face

2. gale-force b)forecast

3. climatic
c) flood

4. poor d) conditions

5. weather
e) winds

6. weather beaten
f) changes

7. lightning
g) visibility

8. thunder
h) conditioner

9. flash i) conductor

10. extreme weather j) bolt

11. lightning k) strike

Match the expressions with their meanings.

a gloomy day a chilly, damp day a dull day a bright, sunny day a humid day a hazy day a
clear day a scorching hot day

1
3

(= full of light) (= very hot)

2
4

(= with no clouds)
(= misty)

What a day!

5 ........................ .....

(= cloudy)

6 .............................

(= nearly dark which makes you feel sad)

7 ...................

(= hot and sticky)

8 ....................

(= cold and wet)

Reading

E.
Read the text below and answer the questions.


Polar Bears

Nowadays, the polar bear is classified as a vulnerable species with 5 of 19 polar bear subpopulations in
decline. Not so long ago, polar bears were a symbol of cold but these days they are a symbol of warmth. The
traditional threats to them - hunting and toxic waste - have been overshadowed by a new and much more
significant one; the ice around them is melting at an alarming rate and we are to blame.

This threat is not new but about as new as deforestation. For many years unrestricted hunting raised
international concern for the future of the species. However, over the last few decades polar bear biologists
have expressed grave concerns about another more frightening and permanent threat. This is the impact of
global warming including the belief that the current warming trend imperils the survival of the species. The
key danger posed by global warming is malnutrition or starvation due to habitat loss. Thinner sea ice tends
to deform more easily which appears to make it more difficult for polar bears to access seals which are their
staple food. Hunting for them has become a dangerous mission because of the climatic change and the
thinness of the sea ice or the disappearance of it. In this case what should be noted is that in some areas
there is evidence that sea ice breaks up three weeks earlier than it did 30 years ago. As a result, the earlier
melting of spring ice and the later formation of autumn ice have an immediate impact on their ability to
feed.

1.
The number of polar bears is

A.
increasing incredibly.

B.
drastically decreasing.

C.
gradually rising.

D.
not clearly defined.

2.
The most important threat for the polar bears nowadays is

A.
the illegal hunting of them.

B.
the shrinking of polar ice.

C.
the fact that the ice is getting solid.

D.
the polar snowstorms.

3.
What are the effects of global warming on polar bears?

A.
They are threatened by lack of water.

B.
The weather conditions are getting more extreme.

C.
The strong sun rays dazzle them.

D.
Their natural environment is being destroyed.

4.
What is the polar bear fed with?

A.
seals

B.
sea birds

C.
sea weed

D.
tiny sea creatures

Research has shown that warming climate has already affected various aspects of polar bear life
considerably. So this polar species has done what environmentalists could not; it has opened a window on
global crisis. It has become a barometre as far as the pollution of our planet is concerned. In other words, it
was the last straw. It has caused so much global concern that we have all begun to sense this imminent
danger more clearly. We have realised, quite late though, that pollution will devastate the whole world. But
do we have the right to destroy the environment, exterminate species and affect biodiversity?

Another question raised is; Are we too late to avert these effects of the recent melting of polar ice? If the
answer is positive then there is no time to waste. We should all be aware of this ruthless destruction of our
planet and take immediate action to protect or save what has been left unspoilt or untouched. Pollution, in
all its aspects, is of course the cause for what is happening. It is estimated that we will soon face serious
problems of survival if the world around us keeps being destroyed at such a rate. Man-made pollution will
be destroying more and more species thus decreasing the number of millions of species of all types of life
which once used to thrive but are now becoming extinct. The ruthless ecological destruction is already
threatening our own existence.

5.
What is their search of food like?

A.
a long journey

B.
an unsafe task

C.
a dangerous crossing

D.
an unsteady long walk

6.
Why have polar bears become a barometre?

A.
Because they have caused great concern about the negative effects of pollution.

B.
Because they can't find food easily in the polluted water.

C.
Because they can't protect themselves from hunters.

D.
Because they can't hunt at night.

7.
What do people begin to be aware of?

A.
the senseless destruction of our natural world

B.
the danger of the contamination of the waterways

C.
the danger of the total destruction of rainforests

D.
the danger of extinction wild animals face

8.
How can we prevent the present environmental destruction?

A.
by helping polar bears to survive

B.
by taking strict measures against the hunting of polar bears

C.
by sending scientists to do some research on polar bears

D.
by taking urgent measures

Tip: Words expressing sound make your description more vivid.

F.
Match the verbs below with their meanings.

Verbs expressing Sounds

1.
creak

2.
whistle

3.
flutter

4.
rustle

5.
rattle

6.
click

7.
howl

a)
make a noise like a series of knocks

b)
(of leaves) make short, sharp sounds

c)
(of a door) make a short, sharp sound

d)
(of the wind) blow hard and make a long loud noise

e)
(of wings) make a series of quick, delicate movements up and down or side to side

f)
a sound that a floor makes when you step on it

g)
(of the wind) move quickly making a high sound

Speak!

- How would you feel and what would you do if you found yourself in an area being struck by a hurricane?

- What would you do If you saw a forest fire?

G.
Fill in the blanks with the verbs below to complete the text, use these verbs in the correct form.

force arouse curl flow block erupt rise

Volcanoes

Active volcanoes may

................... (1) any time while

dormant volcanoes stay silent and are likely to become active again in no time.

During a volcanic eruption gases, lava and red-hot rock are

.................(2) out of the crater. Lava...............(3)

and clouds of black ash cover the whole area around, while tall,

dark columns of smoke.......................(4)
in the air and

dust.....................(5)
the rays of
the sun. In many active

volcanoes one can almost always see wisps of smoke

....................(6) out of
their craters and their upper

slopes are black and barren and look lonely and threatening.

Volcanic eruptions have always......................(7)

people's fear and spread great alarm, panic and devastation.

H.
Choose the right words to complete the short texts below.

Environmental Problems and Solutions
A. Our planet is Under Threat

Air Pollution

Car exhausts, factory and nuclear plant omissions / emissions (1) create air pollution which is the main
reason for global warming. No doubt that the Earth's climate is threateningly getting warmer and warmer.
That's why air pollution should be fought and reduced and our environmental awareness should be raised
to save our planet before it is too late.

Contamination of water

Factories and industries dump their poisonous chemical waste / rubbish (2) into our seas, lakes and rivers
and pollute our water reservations / reserves (3). Whole families of marine life are being killed, clean water
is being contaminated and gradually diminished. Fresh water is a life giving source and should be reserved /
conserved (4).

Littering

Since litter is a serious threat to our health and our environment, we should all try to take recyclable waste
products to recycling. By processing / assessing (5) them into new products we can contribute to reducing
the reduction / consumption (6) of natural resources. This effort should be encouraged because many
products can be recycled into new things so as to be reused.

Deforestation

The destruction of rainforests and forests by speculators, timber companies, farmers and fires results in the
damage of the habitat of wild species and the gradual disappearance of rainforests. No doubt that human
population expansion / elimination (7) and the creation of urban areas and farm land don't only lead to the
explosion / disturbance (8) of the ecosystem but it also threatens our own existence since forests clean the
air we breathe in. These vast green areas of our planet should be preserved and new laws should be put Into
effect to conserve them. In other words, reforestation should be encouraged.

B. Our planet can be saved!

Alternatlve/Renewable sources of energy can save our world.

Solar / Sun (1) energy can be generated in parts of the world where there is enough sunlight. Solar panels
convert sunlight into electricity.

Wind strength / power (2) can be produced by wind turbines when the wind blows.

Hydropower / Wave power (3) can be supplied by huge dams, waterfalls and waves. Crashing water Is a
powerful source of energy.

Nuclear / Nucleus (4) energy is also considered to be environmentally friendly and safe. Is this so?

Listening


Activity 1

Answer these questions.

1.
What is the weather like during the different seasons in your country?

2.
What was the weather like when you went on holiday last?

3.
What must people do in case of a heat wave or an earthquake?

The following tasks are designed to help you deal with the Trinity ISE ll independent Listening Task.

Activity 2

You will hear a recording about the Emergency Hotline once.

Write in one or two sentences what the speaker is talking about

Activity 3

You will now listen to the recording again. Make some short notes in order to help you answer the following
question: What are the most important things one has to do before, during and after an earthquake?

Emergency Hotline

Preparations for Earthquakes

At home avoid dangerous spots

1.
Learn the kiss of life and....................

2.
Keep dangerous liquids in....................

During the tremor

3.
Get under a...............................

4.
Stay under a ..............................

5.
Don't use the..............................

After the tremor

6.
Don't operate..............................

7.
Don't use the..............................

8. Turn on portable radio for

Speaking - 1

A. Improve your speaking skills

spot the mistakes in the sentences below and correct them. There may be two mistakes in a sentence.

1.
There is a great number of casualties and rescue teams have been sent of the earthquake-stricken
area.

2.
Lots of people have been buried on the rubble of the buildings which have collapsed.

3.
An avalanche - a large amount of ice, snow and rock sliding quickly up the side of a mountain -
caused the death of two skiers and destroyed a big part on the alpine village.

4.
Hurricanes often strike the country causing utter destruction and devastation from coastal towns
and areas.

5.
The river has overflowed and large parts of the area are covered on water. Helicopters are
dropping food supplies to people in the areas which have been cut out.

6.
I used the fire extinguisher to put the fire off and prevent It by spreading.

B. Situations

Expressing doubt / Making deductions

1.
We are friends. You want to ask me about the weather tomorrow. You start.

-What...........................................

................................................?

-I suppose it....................................

Get online

Find information on the Net about:

- one of the endangered species: giant pandas, elephants, tigers, blue whales, or rhinos (WWF endangered
species protection)

Write a short summary and present your work in class.

2.We are classmates. You want to take part in the tree planting project organised In your area tomorrow.
You start.

-What if we..................................................

...........................?

-Well, why not? It must......................................

3.You are a member of a green club. You want to ask your friend to join the green club. You start.

-I was wondering if you'd like.....................

-Sure. I imagine

4.You are an ecologist. You want your friend to help you with a clean-up project in your area tomorrow. You
start.

-Could you....................................................................?

-I'm not sure but...............................................

Read the phrases and expressions in the speaking Helpline carefully and use as many as you can in the
Speaking Test

Speaking Helpline Useful phrases/expressions

Expressing doubt

It's difficult to say whether...

Perhaps/Maybe l/they won't...

I wonder if we could...

I'm not sure but...

That sounds good but...

I'm afraid I'm not that keen on...

Making deductions

I suppose/assume...

It/They may/might/could be...

It looks like... (snow)

I get the impression that...

It must be very interesting indeed!

I suppose it'll be...

Tip: If you dont know or remember a word when discussing a topic, try to paraphrase it. Don't panic.


Speaking - 2

Activity 1


Our Environment - Weather - Natural Disasters

1.Have you ever been caught in any extreme weather conditions? What was it like?

2.Are you afraid of thunder? Why?/Why not?

3.How would you react in case of fire at home?

4.What can you do to keep your area clean?

Activity 2

Role Play


A. (Role Play)

- We're friends. I start.

I: It's a fine day today, isn't it?

- We're friends. I start.

I: It looks like snow, doesn't it?

- We are classmates. I start.

I: I'm not sure but I think that the beach clean-up project starts on Sunday.

- You're our teacher. I start.

/; / can imagine how you felt when the fire broke out in your home.

B. (Role Play)

- We're friends.

You want to adopt an endangered species of animal. You start.

- I am a member of Greenpeace.

You are doing a school project on renewable sources of energy. You start.

- I'm a receptionist.

You need some information about the weather today. You start.

- I work at the airport.

You telephone to ask if there are any delays or cancellations due to bad weather conditions.

You start.

Activity 3


TOPICS

A.The effects of the weather on people's mood.

B.How the weather can affect the economy of a country.

C.Mention some of the serious environmental problems our planet faces.

The world of work


Tip: When writing about or describing someone's education, qualifications, work experience,
character/personality and interests try to be as persuasive and natural as you can.

A.
can you spot the odd one out in each of these

sets of words?

Odd One Out

1.payment budget wages salary

2.work job occupation promotion

3.benefits perks profits advantages

4.appointment colleague employee manager

5.reduction discount sales overcharge

Useful Words/Phrases

B.choose the right prepositions.

1.My father is a doctor of / by profession.

2.Tomorrow Is a national holiday out of / off work

3.I'm in charge of / at a multinational company.

4.He's an efficient and responsible worker and he'll soon get an increase at / in salary.

5.She often spends her pocket money in / on eccentric clothes and accessories.

6.
Students should always talk to professionals for / with experience in / about the career they are
interested

on / in, after considering their values, skills and interests.

7.Internet advertising appeals at / to teenagers who surf the Net looking for / in bargains.

8.He bought a coat at / in a low price in /on the January sales; he likes to pick up / on bargains.

9.The shop assistant told me to try the jeans out / on but unfortunately they didn't fit well.

10.My friend Terry works for / on a company as an accountant.

11.If you work hard, you'll be paid for / off and your career will take on / off.

12.Helen is used to buying new outfits and accessories on / in an almost daily basis.

Speak!

- What do you spend your pocket money on? Why?

- How often do you go shopping for new clothes?

C.
Match the synonyms.

1.
employment a) firm

2.
post b) industrious/diligent

3.
dismissed
c) rise

4.
reduction
d) work

5.
increase
e) fired/sacked

6.
company
f) position

7.
purchase
g) discount

8.
hard-working h) buy

Words connected to Shopping

D.
Underline the correct words.

1.
The TV set he bought was defective and he asked for a return / refund.

2.
I don't often use my credit / identity card to buy the things I want. I prefer to use cash.

3.
In the flea shop / market I found some rare stamps on selling / sale.

4.
They bought a new car and agreed to pay for it in five instalments / debts.

5.
After I had paid for the CD the cashier gave me the recipe / receipt.

6.
As I was driving I could see huge billboards / leaflets advertising all sorts of products.

7.
If you pay In cash / cheque, you'll receive a 20% reduction.

8.
This shop owes its success to the good service it gives to its clients / customers.

9.
The purpose / reason of advertising is to make us buy and that's why it has become more and more
persuasive.

Speak!

- Do you think it is difficult to get a good job nowadays? Why?

- What qualities should a good employee have?

54

The world of work

Reading

E. Read the 4 texts below. There are ten questions about the texts. Decide which text (A, B, C or D) gives you
the answer to the questions. The first one is done for you.

D. Advice on how to use your money wisely

- Don't be wasteful.

- Use a piggy bank or open a bank account to save some money for a rainy day.

A. Making a Living

I work in a factory and do hard work with my hands, that is, I do manual work. When working conditions
are unsatisfactory or our wages low, we often go on strike to express our dissatisfaction. However, one of
workers' worst fears Is to be made redundant, or purposefully be dismissed on the slightest excuse.

This is when employers think that by replacing workers with machines, their business will be much more
profitable. So you can imagine how insecure we all feel! As you know, if you are out of work, the
unemployment benefit you receive Is undoubtedly not enough to make ends meet, especially when you
have a family to support. You need to find another job the soonest possible -something not that easy. There
is such a sharp rise in local unemployment and there are so many factories closing down that finding a
proper job is just wishful thinking today.

Hi Ann-Marie,

Good to hear from you. As you've written, you spent the whole day shopping, last Saturday.

Well, / know what a happy shopper you are and that you like to have a good round every now and then. Of
course, shopping is therapy but, unlike you, I'm a completely reluctant shopper! / always find shopping,
especially for clothes, boring and tiring. / could say,

/ only go when / really have to and never on Saturday, as it's far too busy.

Anyway, I'm thinking of having a working holiday this year. What about youl Lots of kisses,

Melanie

. Hobby Craze!

Going to auctions looking for famous peoples clothes and articles to bid for is a very expensive hobby.
Sometimes you have to bid very High prices in order to acquire something you like.

A characteristic example is that of the famous white disco suit worn by dancing superstar John Travolta in
the 70s film Saturday Night Fever, which was sold for 92,000, more than three times its predicted price.
An anonymous European collector outbid everybody else to secure the three-piece outfit at an auction at
Christies.

As far as this hobby is concerned, you cant imagine what great lengths a collector will go to, in order to
acquire an object. Money is nothing when compared to the need to satisfy ones ego and outbid other
collectors.

- Be a wise spender and avoid going on shopping sprees regularly.

- Don't use your credit card unwisely.

- Invest your savings and earn interest on your money if you have a deposit account.

- Don't forget that "money makes the world go round".

So it must be spent carefully and the right investment should always be made in good time.

which text:

1.
mentions a way of buying celebrities' items?

2.
is about workplace problems?

3.
mentions that shopping is not everyone's hobby?

4.
suggests ways of making more money?

5.
is written about different types of shoppers?

Which text gives the answers to the following questions?

6.
How can you handle your money successfully?

7.
How excited can some people be when buying unusual objects?

8.
What financial difficulties can one face when sacked?

9. How much uninteresting can shopping be?

10. Where does self-satisfaction count more than money?

Speak!

How can you make a good impression when having a job interview?

55

Words often confused

F. Choose the right words to complete the texts below.

H. use the verbs In Exercise G In the correct form to fill in the blanks below. You can use some of them more
than once

Income reward donation

1.
A........................of
2,000 will be offered for

the return of the stolen painting.

2.
The famous film star made a.........................of

5,000 to the starving children in Africa.

3.
He works hard to earn his living and fortunately he has

managed to raise his........................by 8%.

rise raise arise

4.
He is an efficient worker and able to face any problems

that may........................in the workplace.

5.
The price of bread is expected to.............next
month.

6.
The board of the company has decided to...................

the workers' wages and improve working conditions.

gain win earn

7.
He will.................a
lot
of money working as a tour

guide this summer.

8.
The experience she..................as
a
part time reporter

last winter, helped her enter the world of show business.

9.
She never expected to.................the first prize when

she entered the competition.

suit fit match

10.
The shoes you've bought..................your
handbag

very much.

11.
The red T-shirt.................you better than the green

one. I think that's the T-shirt you should buy.

12.
The jeans I bought yesterday..................me like

a glove.

G. Form nouns from the verbs below.

Verbs Nouns

1.
apply 2.
resign 3.
dismiss

4.
negotiate 5. retire

6.
satisfy 7.
achieve

8.
promote 9. employ 10. qualify

1.
As soon as he..........................he'll
take up golf.

2.
He decided to..........................from
his job and

get a new one because he wasn't..........................

with his salary.

3.
He worked hard to..........................his goals and

be.........................to
a
higher position.

4.
The trade union started to..........................with

the government for higher wages.

5.
A large number of workers will soon be....................

from the factory because of the economic crisis.

6.
She..........................for the job as soon as

she read about it in the paper.

7.
How many people is the factory going to

.................... 7

8.
The company is planning to.......................a great

number of manual workers soon because of the current financial crisis.

9.
She has managed to get a better position in her company;

she has just been..................to a
director.

Speak!

- Do you think the Internet is the most important source of job hunting? Why?/Why not?

- Do you like going shopping with your friends or your parents? Why?

I. Choose the correct words to complete the text below. Are robots going to take over the world?

Present day robots bear little identity / resemblance (1) to the humanoid figures of science-fiction and are
essentially computer-con-trolled machine tools that can be programmed to perform / reform (2) any
number of functions such as the concentration / assembly (3) of machine parts.

Robots can carry out / carry on (4) dangerous, uncomfortable, exhausting or monotonous tasks and do
them with greater speed and accuracy / frequency (5) than human beings. They play an increasingly
significant role in the movement towards industrial confirmation / automation (6), especially in Japan, the
world leader in the production / reduction (7) and use of robots.

Listening Activity 1

Answer the questions.

The world of work

Why do public transport strikes make people suffer?

If you won the lottery, what car would you like to buy?

What things get on your nerves?


Activity 2

you will hear the recording about the Charity Fundraising Day once, write In one or two sentences what the
speaker Is talking about

Activity 3

You will now listen to the recording again. Fill in the gaps with the missing words or phrases in the
following notes in order to help you answer the question: What are the most important features of the
Charity Fundraising Day?

' ' -~ Notes
I

Example: The fund raiser is in aid of ....

1.
Cancer Research representatives wearing...........will
be
available
to help .

2.
If you are hungry, you can always try the ...............

3.
In the top school playground a.............will be held.

4.
If you're not feeling too adventurous you could always stick to the

...;..........................from the stalls.

5. It's a small price to pay for having a good time as all money goes

6.
If speed is what excites you, then you are sure to enjoy the....................

7.
The....................is
sure to
take a
look at
your palms and make some

interesting predictions!

8.
Buy your...................and
be
in
with a
chance of
winning
the ultimate
prize.

57

Speaking - 1


Before you answer the questions below, spot the mistakes in the

given questions/answers and correct them. There may be two mistakes in one sentence.

Get online

Find information on the Internet about:

-Online Shopping: Customers - trends - Wikipedia Write a short summary and present your work in class.

1.
- What do you spend your money in?

- Well, Mike buy CDs because I like listening at music.

2.
- Do I often have to make overtime?

- No, not very often. Only when you have something urgent to finish.

3.
- Are you in duty now?

- No, I'm not. I'm just leaving.

4.
- What thing do you like best from your work?

- Well, it's a satisfying job and the working condition are ideal.

5.
- What about your new job?

- It's better from I expected.

B. Situations: Asking for Information

Complete the questions/answers below.

1.
I am the interviewer. I start.

-Why.......................................suited for the job?

-Well, I believe I have all the skills and qualifications this job requires.

-1 see... So you think you'll have the chance to...............

career, won't you?

-Absolutely. If you employ me, of course!

2.1 am your friend. I start.

-What........................................................ ?

-As a secretary, my duty is to write letters and organise meetings.

-Are you........................................your
present
job

or are you in search of a new one?

-No! I like it very much. I really enjoy what I'm doing.

2.
You've just got your degree. I start.

-Would you like to make a wish for your future?

-I wish.............................................................

-I'm sure you'll finally make it. Don't worry.

-I hope so.

3.
You have an old car. I start.

-Your car is old, you need a new one.

-I wish_____________________________________________________________

but I_____________________________________________________________

-I think that if you start saving money, you'll soon get one. -That's what I'm doing at the moment.

4.
You asked your friend to lend you some money. I start.

-How about the money you wanted to borrow from your friend?

-To tell you the truth, I wish I....................................

but he didn't lend it to me.

- Really? What a shame!

3. You are in a bank. You want to change some money into British pounds. You start.

-Can you................................................

.................................................please?

-How much...............................................?

-It's 700 euros.

C. Situations: Wishes for the present/future

Complete the answers.

1. I'm your teacher. I start.

-What would you like to be when you grow up?

I wish I................................................

but I don't think I can make it.

-Well, if you study hard, you'll be able to realise your dream.

It's up to you.

-That's true. I know I have to study harder from now on.

58

Read the phrases and expressions in the Speaking Helpline carefully and use as many as you can in the
Speaking Test

Speaking Helpline

Asking and giving information

What could you do if you got this job?

- Well, I'd say, I could...

What's it like being...?

- As far as I know, you need to have...

Do you think you are suited for this kind of job?

- Yes, I think I am. I have all the skills and qualifications that.../l don't think so. I'm not good at/suitable for...

Wishes for the present/future

I wish/lf only I were/had...

I wish/lf only I could...

I hope to have...

I'd really like to...

The world of work

Speaking - 2

Activity 1


Work - Shopping

1.
Do you think you need to know English well to get a good job? Why?

2.
What job do you think is the most suitable for you?

3.
Would you choose to do manual or clerical work?

4.
What work would you never consider doing?

Activity 2

Role Play


One of you is plays the role of a careers advisor. You are going to discuss what job you are suited to. Take 20
seconds to think about what you want to say. why don't you start?

Jobs

Job 1: teacher - Skills/Abilities: patience, likes being with children Job 2: doctor - Skills/Abilities: people
skills, good at science

Job 1: architect Skills/Abilities: - eye for detail, good at drawing

Job 2: policeman/policewoman - Skills/Abilities: - ability to cope with the unexpected

- quick reflexes

Activity 3


TOPICS

A.
Do you think that money brings happiness ?

B.
Is volunteer work worthwhile?

C.
What counts most - job satisfaction or money?

59

Unit 4



Tip: When describing a person you can refer to his/her outward appearance, personality (character) and
Interests.

Describing people

A. Circle the suitable adjectives which describe the woman's outward appearance and then match the
adjectives with their definitions to describe her personality.

Outward Appearance

1.
Age: teenage, middle-aged, in her 30s, elderly

2.
Build: tall, short, of medium height,

slim, plump, fat, well-built

3.
Face: round, oval, square, arrogant look

4.
Hair: dark, fair, red, blonde, going grey,

straight, wavy, curly, spiky, untidy

5.
Clothes: loose, tight, colourful, smart/elegant, formal

conservative, informal, casual, eccentric

Personality - Positive/Negative qualities She is:

1.
energetic ................ a) likely to become

angry very quickly

2.
independent .............. b)
able to take quick

decisions

3.
courageous -....._........ c)
confident
and free to

do things without

4. responsible ................... needing help

d)
someone who prefers

5. decisive ........... Physical activities

e)
not afraid But she sometimes tends to be:

6.
quick tempered...........

f)
caring only about oneself

7.
selfish g) sb yoU can trust

Speak!

Describe your best friend. Follow the order above (outward appearance, personality - good and bad points)

Tip: When describing a person you have to give examples and justify the adjectives you are using.

B. Match the adjectives with their definitions. Justifying adjectives

1.
generous

2.
superficial

3.
trustworthy

4.
compassionate

5.
ambitious

6.
modest

a)
someone who is not thinking deeply or looking at things seriously

b)
someone showing pity, sympathy and understanding

c)
someone who is not talking much about their own abilities or possessions

d)
someone who is willing to give freely

e)
someone that you can rely on

f)
someone having a desire to be rich, successful or powerful

C.
Put the prefix in, un, ir, I to form their opposites. Opposites

1.
responsible .....................................

2.
logical ...............................

3.
sensitive
...............................

4.
reasonable ......................................

5.
discreet
...............................

6.
legal ...............................

7.
helpful ...............................

D.
Write the abstract nouns of the adjectives given below. Adjectives
Nouns

1.
proud ..............................

2.
responsible __________________________________

3.
generous
______________________________

4.
aggressive ___________________________________

5.
hesitant
..............................

6.
steady ..............................

7.
cruel ..............................

8.
sensitive
..............................

9.
calm ..............................

10.
modest
..............................

11.
famous
..............................

12.
popular
..............................

Reading - 1


E.
Read the short texts and underline the correct words to complete them.

FAMOUS PEOPLE

Martin Luther King

The Freedom Fighter

He was a Baptist pastor and the guide / leader (1) of the American civil rights movement. An enlightened
preacher who fought for the legal and social equality / identity (2) of black Americans. His non-violent
competition / struggle (3) earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. He was constantly abused, attacked
and arrested for his beliefs and was finally assassinated on 4th April, 1968.

A Worldwide Famous Pop Star

Shakira is a top popstar, successful songwriter, musician, record producer and dancer. Born and raised in
Colombia and being of Lebanese originality / descent (6) too, her songs have rock and roll, Latin and Middle
Eastern influences / effects (7) which she successfully combines with belly dancing while performing. She
has received many rewards / awards |8) and she's interested in world history. She's a philanthropist and
she lends / donates (9) money to many charities. She has recently been chosen as a Unicef Goodwill
Ambassador for her compassion and great commitment to helping children, as well as for her involvement
in global issues.

Princess Diana

The Power behind the Throne

Diana, Princess of Wales, married Charles, Prince of Wales in 1981 and became one of the most popular,
lovable / disagreeable (4) recognizable faces in the world. She adored elegant clothes and was famous for
her fashionable style. She travelled all over the world and visited many developing countries showing her
deep compassion to suffering children.

She was a philanthropist and supported the work of many demonstrations / charities (5) which aim to fight
drugs, abuse, poverty and Aids. Unfortunately, her marriage was a loveless one and she got a divorce in
1996. She was killed in a car accident in August, 1997.

F.
Fill in the blanks using a suitable preposition.

Are you a film buff?

1.
Could you write a review..................a film for

a magazine?

2.
Which novel is the film "Oliver Twist" adapted ...................?

3.
What films are shot.................studios and not

...............location?

4.
Do you always sit.................the
front row at
the

cinema?

5.
Have you ever left the cinema....................the
interval

because a film was so bad?

6.
How interested are you in what goes on.................

the scenes of a film?

7.
Would you prefer to be.....................stage, or

..................a
film?

8.
Can you reserve cinema seats.....................the
box

office in your country?

9.
Has an usher ever shown you...................the wrong

seat in the stalls?

10.
Do you pay attention to the trailers.................new

movies?

11.
If a film on television is terrifying, do you switch

...............to
another
channel
or
keep on watching?

12.
What sort of films are set..............the 1980s?

Speak!

What form of entertainment do you prefer? Why?

Reading - 2

G. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct sentences A-H. Write the letter of the missing sentence
in the box in the gap. There are two extra sentences you will not need.

A.
In this way, they prove that there is the other side of the coin.

B.
To acquire and maintain these luxuries they work hard and make personal sacrifices as far as their
good looks are concerned.

C.
They have fortune and publicity which both allow them to lead extravagant and glamourous
lifestyles.

Being in the Show Bizz World

Glamour, fame, glory, wealth and success surround those pop stars, film stars and television celebrities who
have reached the peak of their careers in the wonderful world of show business.

It cannot be denied that they have got all that others could ever wish for.
They travel all
over
the world, spend

their holidays in exotic destinations, stay at luxurious hotels, buy expensive cars and live in splendid
properties.

For instance, one of their main objectives is to take extra care of their outward appearance at any price,
something which demands a lot of effort and money. To achieve this, they put themselves on exhausting and
unhealthy diets and pay frequent visits to cosmetic surgeons. They try frantically to improve and change
anything they don't like on them so as to look younger, fresher and more attractive I

They think that all these changes concerning their outward appearance will add a touch of more glamour
and make them stand out.

But is this the only image they like to project and promote? The answer is beyond their lavish expenditure
and lifestyle.

Obviously, a great number of celebrities contribute

generously to charities, relief and environmental non-profitable organisations and willingly participate in
fund raising events.

The existence of some deep hidden qualities con-

cerning their human and benevolent nature which uncovers the sensitive part of their character.

Apart from all the above, it should be noted that fame, glamour and money do not always bring happiness.

Uncertainty and the fear of decline, failure and

being pushed out of the limelight, always hover above their heads. That is why many of them find refuge to
alcohol and drug abuse, in order to relax and escape from reality. No doubt that their pursuit of fame
sometimes comes at a price.

D.
It is their great concern they show about the serious social and environmental issues that our world
faces.

E.
Moreover, they go on legendary spending sprees buying all sorts of most eccentric or costly
designer clothing for a more impressive image.

F.
What interests them most is to relax and stay alone for some time.

G.
Most celebrities' lives are hectic and not as idyllic as they appear to be.

H.
Music reflects their feelings and emotions and warms their hearts.

H. Choose the correct words in the box to fill in the blanks

of the sentences below.

stuntperson subtitles blockbusters coverage
bite image plot

ratings beats releases

1.
Television offers international news.....................

and is the most popular form of entertainment.

2.
Some television programmes which are very successful

receive high.........................

3.
Lots of movies become Hollywood...........................

in terms of.............................direction and

soundtrack.

4.
Going to the cinema to see the latest.....................

takes you out of your daily routine.

5.
Nowadays, software programmes generate a 3-dimensional

....................... which
makes objects look real.

6.
Dont see films which have.........................if you

want to practise the foreign language you are learning.

7.
Youngsters go to clubs because they like listening to loud

music and hard...........................

8.
A..........................replaces
film stars who have

to perform dangerous scenes in the films they play.

9.
Fast food restaurants are much cheaper than the other restaurants. People, especially youngsters,
go there

to have a..........................to
eat, meet their

friends and have fun.

Speak!

- Why doesn't fame always bring happiness?


Listening
Activity
2

Activity 1
You will hear a recording about a cinema once. Write in

Answer the questions. one or two sentences what the speaker is talking about.

Who's the famous person you admire most?

Why do you admire him/her?

Would you like to be a famous person? Why?/Why not? ...................................................


Activity 3

You will now listen to the recording again. Fill in the gaps with the missing words or phrases in the
following notes in order to help you answer the question: What is the cinemas schedule for this week?

Cinema's schedule

Example: All showings are at the local cinema.G?/den Screen......

1.
On Monday the cinema will be having..........................

2.
If you dont like scary films, you can watch.................

3.
Like every Wednesday the tickets are.........................

4.
Book your tickets early for James Bond on....................

5.
On Saturday at Golden Screen its.............................

6.
All week regular.................................apply as
usual.

7.
You can now also book....................................with
you card.

8.
Print your tickets at the allocated machines using your..............

Speaking - 1


Before you answer the questions below, spot the mistakes in the given questions/answers and correct
them. There may be two mistakes in one sentence.

1.
- What are you doing tonight?

- There's an interesting film in television so I'm going

: to see television.

2.
- Do you like play games on the computer?

- Yes, sure! I spend a lot of time play games on it.

3.
- What films^ou prefer see?

I watch adventure films because I like action.

4.
- What do you like doing in your free time?

- I like reading books or listening music.

5.
- Where do many youngsters often like going to spend

their free time?

- Lots of them like going at Internet cafes which are very popular places of youngsters.

6.
What's in at the cinema tonight?

- There's an interesting film on, which I'd like to see.

B. Situations

Complete the questions/answers below.

Making suggestions/ Accepting or Rejecting suggestions

1. I am your friend. I start.

-Why not................................a restaurant tonight?

-That's........................... I'd
very much like to go to

a fast food restaurant and have......................to eat.

2.1 am a customer at a restaurant. I start.

-I can see there's a great variety of dishes on the menu.

What..............................?

- I'd recommend you.............................chicken

in a white wine sauce. It's really great.

3.
I'm a keen movie goer. I start.

-How about..............................tonight? There's

a new release on.

-Well, I'm not............................for the cinema.

We'd better go somewhere else. Any other ideas?

4.
Im a computer addict. I start,

-I've bought a great computer game. How.....................

over to my home and play together?

-That's an..............................Hang up. I'll be right

there in a minute.

5.
I'm a waiter. I start.

-Why....................................the ice cream with

the hot fudge sauce?

-Oh no! I'd better not........................a rich dessert.

You know, I'm on a diet. Is there a better choice?

Get online

Find information on the internet about

A celebrity you admire (a singer, film star, football player, etc.).

Write a very short summary, or take some notes and then present your work in class.

Speaking - 2

Activity 1


Hobbies

1.
Do you like watching television? Why?/Why not?

2.
What do you use the computer for?

3.
What is your favourite kind of music? Why?

4.
Which celebrity do you admire? Why?

Activity 2


A. (Role Play)

- I am your classmate. I start.

/: Why didn't you come to my party?

- We're friends. I start

I: How about going to a fast food restaurant with our friends tonight?

- We are cousins. I start.

I: What's on television tonight?

- I'm a waiter. I start.

I: What would you like to order, please?

Activity 3


TOPICS

A.
A person who is important to you.

B.
The popularity of reality shows.

C.
Television versus cinema. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each one?

Read the phrases/expressions in the speaking Helpline carefully and use as many as you can in the Trinity
ISE ll. Speaking Test.

Speaking Helpline Useful phrases/expressions

Making suggestions

Why don't we go to ...?

How about going/watching ...?

You'd better choose ...

Why not try the ...?

You/We should go to the ...

I'd suggest/recommend we/you see/go to the ...

If I were you, I'd choose ...

Accepting suggestions

That's fine! I'd really like to go/see ...

That's a great idea, isn't it?

Amazing. I'd really like this.

Rejecting a suggestion

By no means should I go there. Is there anywhere else we can go?

Oh, no! I'm not just in the mood for a restaurant.

You have a point but I'd like to ...

Well, I'm not that keen on going there.
B. (Role Play)

- I'm a famous film star. You are interviewing me. You start.

- I'm an old friend. You haven't seen me for months. You start.

- I'm a person you admire. You want to learn more things about my life. You start.

- I'm a friend. You want to go to the cinema but you don't know what new film releases are on. You start.

SUBJECT AREAS


Personal values and ideals

The world of work



Succeed Speaking

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Speaking

Part I - Polite vs Rude

Explain your choice of worst behaviour.

Always be polite to the examiner

Take the lead! Be proactive.

Trinity ISE II - SpeakingPart 2

- hates job - wants to quit

Work in pairs, Student I and Student 2.

is hearing - was hearing

Buy yourself time to speak fluently

Linking Words and Phrases I

I see what you're saying, but...

Linking Words and Phrases 2

Trinity ISE II - Speaking

Exercise IC - Polite Audioscript

Give reasons why you feel this way.

Big Cities are Dying

high crime rate______

Find information on the internet about

The advantages and disadvantages of

The world of work

Vocabulary & Structure Pre-speaking Activities

Odd One Out

The world of work

- Don't use your credit card unwisely.

The existence of some deep hidden qualities con-

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