RING FRAME INTRODUCTION

NECESSITY
The most important and major department in any Ring spinning mill is ring frame department
because of the reason that the ultimate product of a spinning process i.e. YARN is produced on
this frame.
In the ring spinning frame the strand of fibers delivered by front drafting rollers is twisted by using
revolving traveller on the ring track. The yarn delivered is then wound on bobbin.
The ring spinning system is widely used in world due to following reasons:
It is universally applicable, any material can be spun to any required fineness.
It delivers a yarn with optional characteristics (especially regard to structure and strength)
It is uncomplicated and easy to manage.
The know

for operation of the machine is well established and assessable to everyone.

2

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROCESS

Ring frame has the following objectives.
Drafting
Twisting
Winding

YARN PASSAGE

[Type text]

DRAFTING
Drafting on the Ring Frame is done in the same way as in
the previous machines. Minimum requirement for the
drafting system is 2 pair of rollers.
Top roller is synthetic rubber coated and bottom roller is
made up of high carbon steel. Drafting zone is inclined at
an angle of 450 or 600. This inclination provides better
fibre flow through the drafting rollers.
There are some other elements of the drafting system
(Roving guide, condenser etc.) present also for the
control of fibers.

DRAFTING ELEMENTS
APRONS
Aprons are used in the main drafting zone for the proper control (support) of fibers during
drafting. These are shaped like rubber belts rotated by frictional contact with bottom rollers.
SPACER
Spacer is present at the extreme ends of the aprons to provide a space for clear passage of fibers.
It adjusts the gap between top and bottom apron. Spacers vary in colors depending upon the
gauge required and the nature of material being processed.
ROVING GUIDE
Roving guide guides the thin strand of roving towards the nip of back rollers.

TWISTING
Twisting on the ring frame is done by the rotation of
traveller. Traveller is an elliptical shaped element which
travels on the circular path provided by the ring.
In ring frame front roller is gripping point and traveller is
media for insertion of twist. Yarn end from the nip of the
front roller passes through the traveller towards the
bobbin. Due to the rotation of the spindle or bobbin
traveller rotates in the direction of rotation of ring
bobbin. Every rotation of the traveler inserts one twist in
the yarn. A tin pulley with a jockey pulley on the shaft
rotates 4 spindles by spindle tape.

WINDING
Basic principle of winding on the ring frame is difference of speeds.
Winding is only possible if there is a speed difference between the
speed of traveller and the speed of spindle on which bobbin is
mounted.
Traveller always moves at a slower speed than the bobbin because
of the friction with the ring, friction with the yarn and resistance of
air. This slow speed of the traveller is responsible for winding on the
ring frame. Such a kind of winding is known as Bobbin-lead or
Traveller-lag winding.

MACHINE ELEMENTS
1.

RING

7.

Spacers

2.

TRAVELER

8.

Aprons

3.

Spindle and bolster

9.

Spindle Tape

4.

Traveler Clearer

10. Blower System

5.

Balloon Control Ring

MACHINE ELEMENTS
RING:
It is an important part of the frame because of whole frame is known as Ring Frame.
The function of the ring is to serve as a track upon which the traveller is to be revolved. It also helps to
guide the yarn on the bobbin.
The size of ring is designated by its diameter, flange width and height.
Ring diameter ranges from 1-3/8 to 3 inches. Small diameter rings are used for fine yarns.
Flange number (1, 2) indicates the overall width of flange.
The life of the ring depends upon the following factors:
Speed of traveler
Frequency of traveler change
Cleaning of rings
Common life of ring is 3 to 4 years.
10

MACHINE ELEMENTS
TRAVELLER:
As the ring frame has taken its name from the ring but traveller is equally important because the
traveller is the part which insert twist in the strand of fibers. A spinning traveller is a short steel
wire bent into a

shape.

Selection of traveller size is very important for good spinning process and to achieve good yarn
parameters. A number indicates the size of traveller. This system is based on the weight of ten
travellers. Number increases with weight, but on the other hand if O (Zero) is used with the
number, the weight decreases as the number increases.
The following table gives useful relationship among traveller number, flange number and possible
count.

MACHINE ELEMENTS
TRAVELER

FLANGE NUMBER

POSSIBLE COUNT

25 /0 ~ 11/0

120~35

14/0 ~ 2/0

40~20

2/0 ~ 3/0

20~15

3~9

15~9

9 ~ 14

9~4

14 ~ 20

4 and less

MACHINE ELEMENTS
PARTS OF TRAVELER
RING CONTACT AREA
This area should be more, uniform and continuous for best performance.
TOE GAP
This will vary according to traveler number and flange width of the ring.
HEIGHT OF BOW
It should be as low as possible for stable running of traveler. It should also have sufficient yarn passage.
INNER WIDTH
This varies according to traveller profile and ring flange number.
YARN PASSAGE
According to count spun the traveller profile to be selected with required yarn passage.

MACHINE ELEMENTS
SPINDLE AND BOLSTER
It is a combination of two parts;
Upper part (spindle)
Lower part (bolster)

Upper part is made of aluminum alloy and is slightly tapered.

Lower part is a mounting base for spindle, contains oil for
frictionless smooth running.
The spindle has two functions;
To rotate the bobbin.
To wind the yarn on bobbin.

MACHINE ELEMENTS
TRAVELER CLEARER
As the yarn passes through the traveller, some
fibers are detached. Mostly these fibers spread into
the atmosphere, but some may remain in the
traveller. These fibers causes various problems so,
traveller clearers are mounted close to the ring in
order to clear the traveler from these loose fibers.
Its setting is close for the fine counts and vice versa.

MACHINE ELEMENTS
BALLOON CONTROL RING
As the spindle revolves at high speed, so the length of yarn from yarn guide
to the traveller revolves very fast. Due to which balloon diameter
increases. This causes the increased tension on the yarn. So in order to
decrease the tension, we control balloon diameter by using balloon control
ring.
LAPPET GUIDE
Lappet guide is also called snail wire or ballooning eye. It is a yarn guide
mounted on the lappet rail with small stroke to give uniform balloon height
and resulting in tension.

MACHINE ELEMENTS
SPACERS
As the top rollers are pressed against the bottom rollers by spring pressure, so in order to give allowance
for the fibers, spacers are used.
Spacers are set according to the number of fibers. For coarser counts, we need more space between the
aprons.
Spacer height (space allowance) is co-related with its color. They are used on the cradle arm and there are
two types of spacers.
CENTRAL SUPPORT SPACERS
These are more commonly used on the ring frames. Two spindles are covered with one spacer in
the middle. The colors are listed in the descending order as;
Brown, blue, pink, green, beige, black, grey, white, yellow and red.

LATERAL SUPPORT SPACERS

These spacers are placed on the side end covers of spindle.

MACHINE ELEMENTS
APRONS
Aprons are used in the front zone to support
the delicate mass of fibers. In the drafting
system, two aprons are used. The upper apron
is short and made of synthetic rubber. The
lower apron is longer and usually made of
leather and rarely of synthetic rubber. The size
of apron is expressed as;
Length width thickness.

SPINDLE DRIVE TAPE

MACHINE ELEMENTS

The spindle tape of different manufacturer is available in the market. Most commonly used are Replon and
Habasit. The life of Habasit tape is three to four years usually its width is 5/8.

MACHINE ELEMENTS
BLOWER SYSTEM
Blowers are responsible for cleaning of ring frames. One blower works for two machines in the
straight line. Its purpose is to suck fly in the department as well as blowing of the dirt, dust and
short fibers flying in air around the frame, formed during the process due to the rubbing action
of the traveller. If these fibers are not well sucked, they will cause serious problems by
depositing on different parts of the machine.
There is a pipe on one end of the machine where each blower strikes after completion of one
traverse. The system is such that the sucked material is further sucked by the pipes through
rotary filter section. This suction is then goes to a separate room where deposited in the form of
bags.

MACHINE ELEMENTS
SUSPENSION HOLDER
Roving bobbin vertical holder in old days was known as SKEWER, it is obsolete due to side
withdrawal and friction caused by skewer and also chances of false draft.
Now-a-days suspension holders are used to hold the bobbin which permits over end
withdrawal. But over end withdrawal can cause sloughing-off.
Suspension holder can be Rotatable (for running bobbins) and Stationary (for spare bobbins)
In ring creel there are two rows of running bobbins and one row of spare bobbin.
A light break arm presses gently against the bobbin to prevent it rotating too quickly, otherwise
undue withdrawal will be possible.

WASTE TYPES OF RING FRAME

There are two main types of waste obtained in Ring-frame section.
PNEUMAPHIL
OTHER WASTES

PNEUMAPHIL (Useable)
It is wastage of material that occurs when yarn is not wound on the bobbin due to breakage of
yarn after the front roller nip. Material after the drafting region is sucked by the ring-fife and
traveled to the cage of suction fan at one end of the frame. From where it is moved to blowroom filter room and used in the form of bales.

WASTE TYPES OF RING FRAME

OTHER WASTES
HARD WASTE (Un-useable)
The striking of bobbin with the balloon ring, As a result of which the color of thread changes to black and
whole yarn, is useless.
ROVING WASTE (Useable)
Some layers of roving left on the roving bobbin that can be useable by re-opening the roving into cotton
with the help of Roving-Opener.
RING BONDA (Un-useable)
It is the fluff or some short fibres that wrapped on the ring top clearer. It is removed manually by the
workers.
FLUFF (Un-useable)
It is very minor fibres that is blown by the blower and then sucked into the suction pipe and moved into
the ring filter room.

WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTE CONTROL
The useable wastes Pneumaphil & Roving can only be controlled by increasing the efficiency of machine
and workers both. More will be the efficiency of workers and machine, less will be the breakages and
therefore less Pneumaphil produced.
WAST DISPOSAL
The only technique used to dispose waste is manual method. All the wastes are being removed at their
end manually.
SUCTION SYSTEM
The Pneumaphil and Fluff waste is removed by the powerful suction system developed by suction fans
(machine fan & main suction fan). Blower blows the short fibres and fluff from passing material and
suction pipe sucks them into the ring filter room.