LI M U

Trong cuc sng hng ngy, thng tin lin lc ng mt vai tr rt quan trng v
khng th thiu. N quyt nh nhiu mt hot ng ca x hi, gip con ngi
mau chng nm bt cc thng tin c gi tr v vn ha, khoa hc k thut, gio
dc.
Ngy nay, vi nhu cu ngy cng rt cao v thng tin ca con ngi nn i hi
nhng nh cung cp dch v phi c nhng phng tin hin i p ng nhu
cu ca khch hng mi lc, mi ni. H thng vin thng ngy nay khng cn
qu xa l vi ngi dn Vit Nam, c bit l h thng thng tin di ng rt ph
bin, khng cn gii hn cho nhng ngi c thu nhp cao nh trc kia m ngy
cng tr thnh dch v ph cp cho mi i tng.
Trong h thng vin thng, truyn dn ng vai tr ht sc quan trng, c th
ni l nn mng cho c h thng. Hin ti mng thng tin di ng dc s dng
trn cng ngh GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications). Cc my in
thoi di ng c ho mng GSM (H thng thng tin di ng ton cu) thng
qua cc trm BTS (Base transceiver station).
Do vy, cc cng ty vin thng c thnh lp rt nhiu v c nhiu hot ng
khc nhau, trong c Tng Cng ty Vin thng MobiFone - mt cng ty cung
cp dch v uy tn cht lng c cc nh pht trin dch v tin tng v hp tc
lu di.
Trong phn ny, em xin c trnh by v trm BTS Alcatel A9100, mt thit b
c s dng kh ph bin trong mng GMS ca Tng Cng ty Vin thng
MobiFone.

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V MNG DI NG GSM

1.1 GII THIU CHUNG
Dch v in thoi di ng bt u xut hin cc dng s dng c vo u
nhng nm 1960, khi n ch l cc sa i thch ng ca cc h thng iu vn.
Cc h thng in thoi di ng u tin ny t tin li v dung lng thp.
Nm 1980 h thng in thoi t ong iu tn s dng k thut a thm nhp
phn chia theo tn s xut hin. Nhng cc h thng t ong tng t khng th
p ng c nhu cu ngy cng tng do c qu nhiu hn ch:
Phn b tn s rt hn ch.
Dung lng thp.
Ting n kh chu v nhiu h thng xy ra khi my di ng dch chuyn
trong mi trng phading a tia .
Khng p ng c cc dch v mi hp dn i vi khch hng.
Khng cho php gim ng k gi thnh ca thit b di ng v c s h
tng.
Khng m bo tnh b mt ca cc cuc gi.
Khng tng thch gia cc h thng khc nhau.
Do cn chuyn sang s dng k thut thng tin s cho thng tin di ng
cng vi cc thng tin di ngvi cc k thut a thm nhp mi .Nm 1982 h
thng thng tin di ng s s dng k thut a thm nhp phn chia theo thi
gian(TDMA) ra i Chu u c tn l GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication).
Thng 5/1986 gii php TDMA bng hp c la chn cho dch v vin thng
chung Chu u bng tn 900 Mhz. Nm 1985 cng ngh CDMA bt u pht
trin v phin bn u tin l CDMA IS_95A. CDMA c a vo khai thc
Hn Quc, HongKong, Argentina, Brasil,Chile... tng dung lng ca h thng
thng tin di ng, tn s cc h thng ny ang c chuyn t vng 800-900
Mhz vo vng 1,8-1,9 GHz.

S ra i ca loi hnh thng tin di ng s GSM l mt bc nhy vt ca lnh

vc thng tin, n mang li cho ngi s dng nhng li ch khng th ph nhn
c. Cng vi s pht trin ca k thut hin i, s i mi cng ngh, mng
li vin thng ton cu ni chung cng ngy cng i mi theo chiu hng tch
cc, v trong ci chung , lnh vc thng tin di ng lun cp nht nhng
thnh tu khoa hc mi.
1.2 CU TRC C BN CA H THNG GSM
M hnh cu trc h thng ca mt mng thng tin di ng GSM c s nh
sau:

AUC: Trung tm nhn thc

BSC: B diu khin trm gc

VLR: B ghi nh v tm tr

BTS: Trm thu pht gc

HLR: B ghi nh v thng tr

BSS: Phn h trm gc

EIR: B ghi nhn dng thit b

OMC: Phn h khai thc bo dng

MSC: Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v mng

MS: Thit b di ng

SMSC: Trung tm SMS

GMSC: Cng MSC

Hnh 1.1: S cu trc h thng ca mt mng thng tin di ng GSM

Cu trc mng GSM c chia thnh 3 phn h chnh:

Phn h chuyn mch (SS: Switching Subsystem)
Phn h trm gc( BSS: Base Station Subsystem)
Phn h vn hnh v bo dng (OMS: Operation and Maintenance
Subsystem)

1.2.1 Phn h BSS

Chc nng ca BSS l to ra vng hot ng cho thu bao di ng v thc hin
truyn dn thng sut tn hiu, BSS gm c cc thnh phn : BTS, BSC, MS.
1.2.1.1 MS (Mobile Station)
L thit b cm tay trong mng di ng GSM, thc hin chc nng thu v
pht tn hiu v tuyn vi mt BTS (trong vng ph sng).
N c cha mt s IMEI(International Mobile station Equipment
Identification) dng nhn dng thit b. S IMEI l duy nht cho tt c
cc MS trn ton th gii.
Mi MS mun hot ng phi c SIM (Subscriber Identify Mobile) dng
lu tr thng tin ca thu bao v thng tin ca nh cung cp.
1.2.1.2 BTS (Base Transceiver Station)
BTS thc hin chc nng thu v pht tn hiu vi cc MS nm trong vng
ph sng ca n (gi l t bo).
BTS lm vic th ng, mi hot ng ca n c iu khin bi BSC.
1.2.1.3 BSC (Base Station Controller)
iu khin cc hot ng ca BTS. Mi BSC iu khin c nhiu BTS.
iu khin cng sut pht cho cc MS: tit kim pin v trnh ln p tn hiu
Cp pht knh tn s cho cc BTS v MS.
iu khin nhy tn s gia cc MS gim nhiu.
iu khin nhy tn s gia cc MS gim nhiu.
1.2.2 Phn h chuyn mch SS( Switching Subsystem)
Chc nng ca SS l x l cuc gi v qun l thu bao di ng. Cc thnh
phn trong SS gm c 6 thnh phn:
1.2.2.1 MSC ( Mobile Service Switching Center)
Thc hin chc nng chuyn mch cc cuc gi gia cc MS
y l ni duy nht trong h thng di ng thc hin chc nng ny
Mt MSC qun l c nhiu BSC trong mt vng

 Cc MSC cc vng s u ni vi nhau cho php thc hin cuc gi

lin vng. Ngoi ra MSC cn ni vi mng PSTN thc hin gi n in
thoi c nh
1.2.2.2 GMSC (Gateway Mobile Service Center)
GMSC l mt MSC lm nhim v giao tip gia mng di ng vi cc mng
khc nh PSTN, ISDN, PLMN, ... N l tng i cng ca mng GSM, c chc
nng nh tuyn cuc gi n MS tu theo v tr ca MS c cung cp bi HLR
v nh tuyn cc cuc gi ra ngoi.
1.2.2.3.VLR (Visitor Location Register ng k v tr tm)
Cha thng tin ca cc thu bao khng c trong HLR nhng tm thi c mt
trong vng qun l ca MSC.
Thng tin ca thu bao trong VLR b xa khi thu bao tt my.
1.2.2.4.HLR (Home Location Register ng k v tr gc)
Cha thng tin v cc thu bao (SIM) ng k trong mt MSC.
Thng tin trong HLR l n nh, nhng n khng cha v tr hin ti m thu
bao ang hin hu.
1.2.2.5.AUC (Authentication Center Trung tm nhn thc)
Cha cc thng tin dng chng thc thu bao nh: quyn c gi, quyn
c nghe.
1.3.2.6.EIR (Equipment Identity Register)- B ghi nhn dng thit b
Cha thng tin v IMEI ca cc MS trong phm vi qun l ca mt MSC.
1.2.3 Phn h vn hnh v bo dng OMS (Operation & Maintenance
Subsystem):
OMS thc cht l mt mng my tnh c ni vi cc thnh phn trong h
thng thc hin chc nng iu hnh v bo dng h thng. y cng l ni
duy nht m ngi khai thc giao tip c vi mng di ng. Mt OMS gm c
hai thnh phn OMC v NMC.

 OMC: Trung tm iu hnh v bo dng mng. OMC thc hin cc chc

nng c tnh cch cc b. Trung tm ny h tr mt s chc nng sau:
Qun l cu hnh mng.
Qun l qu trnh lm vic ca mng
Qun l bo mt.
NMC: Trung tm qun l mng, n gim st cc OMC trong mng. Chc
nng gim st gm:
Gim st cc s c v cnh bo.
X l mt s s c trong mng.
CHNG 2: GII THIU V TRM BTS ALCATEL A9100
2.1 KHI NIM V BTS (BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION)
BTS l mt thit b dng pht tn hiu ra mi trng v tuyn n cc my
di ng v thu tn hiu t cc my di ng cng thng qua mi trng v tuyn.
N thng tin n cc MS thng qua giao din v tuyn Um v kt ni vi b iu
khin trm gc BSC (Base Station Controller) thng qua giao din Abis.
BTS l t vit tt ting Anh ca Base Transceiver Station: Trm thu pht sng
di ng,c dng trong truyn thng v cc thit b di ng trong cc mng vin
thng bi cc nh cung cp dch v (ISP). Thng thng,BTS c t ti 1 v tr
nht nh theo quy hoch ca cc ISP,nhm to ra hiu qu thu pht sng cao nht
vi vng ph sng rng v t c cc im,vng nm gia cc BTS m khng c
ph sng.
BTS thc hin tt c cc chc nng thu pht lin quan n giao din v tuyn
GSM v x l tn hiu mc nht nh. V 1 s phng din c th coi BTS l
modem v tuyn phc tp nhn tn hiu v tuyn ng ln t MS ri bin i n
thnh d liu truyn i n cc my khc trong mng GSM, v nhn d liu t
mng GSM ri bin i n thnh tn hiu v tuyn pht n MS. Cc BTS to nn
vng ph sng ca t bo, v tr ca chng quyt nh dung lng v vng ph ca
mng. Tuy nhin BTS ch ng vai tr ph trong vic phn phi ti nguyn v
tuyn cho cc MS khc nhau.
BTS l mt c s h tng vin thng c s dng nhm to thng tin lin lc
khng dy gia cc thit b thu bao vin thng v nh iu hnh mng. Cc thit

b thu bao c th l in thoi di ng, thit b internet khng dy trong khi cc

nh iu hnh mng c th l mng di ng GSM, CDMA hay h thng TDMA c
bn.
2.2 CU TRC CHUNG CA H THNG BTS AlCATEL A9100
Mt trm BTS Alcatel A9100 gm c 3 thnh phn chnh:

Hnh 2.1: Cu trc cc khi chc nng ca BTS ALCATE

SUMA: L khi trung tm ca mt BTS, mt BTS ch c mt SUMA bt k

s sector v TRE l bao nhiu.
TRE: Gm c TREA v TRED
ANC: Phn phi tn hiu nhn c t mi antenna n 4 my thu pht.
2.2.1 Khi SUMA
SUMA l khi qun l trung tm v iu khin ca BTS, ch c 1 SUMA bt k
s sector hoc TRE l bao nhiu.

Hnh 2.2: Kin trc khi SUMA

XCLK: Tn hiu ng b ngoi cho cu hnh master, slave.
XGPS: c s dng kt ni vi h thng GPS.
MMI: Thng qua serial link kt ni ti BTS terminal, thc hin qun l
li , tc ng trc tip ti h thng bng 1 s lnh n gin.
CLKI: Kt ni phn phi tn hiu ng b trong BTS ti Tre v ANC.
BCB: BTS control bus (trng thi, cu hnh, cnh bo).
BSII: Mang thng tin TCH, RSL, OML, IOM-CONF.
OML: kt ni mang thng tin O v M gia BSC v BTS
RSL: l kt ni c nh tuyn bi SUMA n Abis hoc t Abis.
IOM-CONF: dng qung b cu hnh IOM bi SUMA (IOM:
mang thng tin O&M trao i gia SUMA vi cc BTS khc bng kt
ni IOM).

Nhng chc nng chnh ca SUMA l:

Truyn dn s.
To xung ng h v nh thi cho tt c cc modul BTS.
Thc hin chc nng vn hnh v bo dng cho BTS.
Qun l cc giao din trong BTS.
iu khin b chuyn i AC/DC v kim tra ngun.
Kim k t xa (remote inventory).
Qun l ghp d liu TCH, RSL, OML.

Cc trng thi ca SUMA

LED
OML

Mu Trng thi
ON
Nhp
Vn
nhy
g
OFF
ON

ABIS 1 Vn
g

Nhp
nhy
OFF
ON

ABIS 2

Vn
g

ON

Nhp
nhy
OFF

Kt ni b ngt
Abis 1 c th phc
v
Abis 1 b li
Khng c cu
hnh hoc s dng
Abis 2 c th phc
v
Abis 2 b li

OFF

Khng c cu
hnh ho s dng
Converter 1 c th
phc v
Converter 1 li

ON

Trng thi hot

ON
Xan

M t
kt ni
ang kt ni

O&M

Vn
g

Nhp
nhy
OFF
ON

FAULT

Nhp
nhy
OFF

ng
Mt giai on nht
thi trc khi vo
trng thi hot ng
Khng s dng
Bo ng h hng
hoc module khng
phc v c
Cnh bo khng
nguy hi
Khng cnh bo

2.2.2 Khi TRE

Hnh 2.3: Kin trc khi TRE

RFI: Giao din ny dng lp vng.

PSI: Giao din cung cp ngun.
PRI: Power Supply & Remote Interface c s dng phn phi ngun.
CUI: Giao din ny c s dng thm nhp vo cc thnh phn khc
nhau trong TRE (truyn d liu iu khin, cu hnh gia TRED v TREA).
I2CE: Giao din ny c s dng TRED nhn d liu lu tr trong
TREA.
RCD: Giao din ny c s dng thng bo vic kim tra tn hiu DC t
giao din RFI (TREA) n TRED.

 DEBUG: Giao din c s dng trong sut qu trnh pht trin kim tra
cc TRE (t MMI).
Chc nng ca cc khi trong TRE
TRED:
H thng TRED chu trch nhim v phn s ca TRE:
X l iu khin v bo hiu, n chu trch nhim qun l cc chc nng
O&M ca TRE.
Ghp knh, nhy tn, mt m v gii mt m.
M ho (DEC).
Gii iu ch (DEM).
M ha v pht (ENCT).
u cui BCB.
TREA:
iu ch
iu khin v bin i cao tn phn pht (TXRFCC)
ng b phn pht (TXSYN)
Bin i trung tn phn thu (RXIF)
ng b phn thu (RXSYN)
Gii iu ch trung tn (ISD)
TRE PA board bao gm b khuch i cng sut, n m nhim khuch
i cng sut tn hiu cao tn bi TXRFCC.
TREP: Cung cp ngun cho TRE (DC/DC)
Cc trng thi trong TRE
LED

MU

RSL

Vng

Vng
TX

Trng
thi
ON
Nhp
nhy
OFF
ON
Nhp
nhy
OFF

M t
Lin kt c kt ni
Lin kt ang trong
qu trnh kt ni
Kt ni ngt
ang pht trn knh
SDCCH,CBCH,TCH
ang pht (hot ng
bnh thng)
Khng pht

OP
Vng

BCCH

Vng

FAULT

PWR

Xanh

ON
Nhp
nhy
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
Nhp
nhy
OFF
ON

Hot ng y
ang khi to
Khng hot ng
ang pht BCCH
Khng pht
Cnh bo li nng
Cnh bo li khng
nng
Khng cnh bo
C in p ng ra

OFF

in p ng ra b li

2.2.3 Khi ANC

ANC kt ni 4 my thu pht n 2 antenna.
Modul ny bao gm 2 cu trc ging nhau, mi cu trc bao gm:
Antenna: n c chc nng l pht sng ra mi trng v tuyn v thu sng
t my di ng pht n.
Filter: lc b tn hiu khng cn thit.
Mt khi duplexer: dng kt hp hai hng pht v thu mt antenna.
Mt khi LNA: khi ny c chc nng khuch i tn hiu m antenna thu
c ln mc ln cho TRE c th x l c.
Hai khi Spliter: khi ny c chc nng tch tn hiu thu ca TRE.
WBC: (Wide band combiner) b ny c chc nng kt hp hai ng pht
li vi nhau i trn cng mt ng n b duplexer.

Hnh 2.4: Kin trc khi ANC

Cc trng thi ca ANC
LED

MU
Vng

TRNG
THI
ON

Vng

Nhp nhy
chm
OFF
ON

O&M

VSWRA
v
VSWRB

Nhp nhy
nhanh
Nhp nhy
chm
OFF

ON
Alarm

Vng
Nhp nhy
chm
OFF

M T
Lin kt c kt
ni
Lin kt ang trong
qu trnh kt ni
Trng thi hng hc
VSWR tt

t mc ngng
VSWR trn
t mc ngng
VSWR di
VSWR khng th
gim st c
Cnh bo li nng
cho module hoc
module trong trng
thi hng hc
Khng c cnh bo
li nng
Khng c cnh bo