Changes and Innovations adopted in

different Public Sector Org.s

Bangladesh government has undertaken a number of measures and policy

options, strategies, actions and initiatives in the different ministries, agencies and
sectors which are explained in following market in brief:contd.

Change management is an approach to transitioning individuals, teams, and

organizations to a desired future state.[1] In a project management context,
change management may refer to a project management process wherein
changes to the scope of a project are formally introduced and approved

Innovation
Innovation is about finding a better way of doing something. Innovation can be
viewed as the application of better solutions that meet new requirements, inarticulated needs, or existing market needs. This is accomplished through more
effective products, processes, services, technologies, or ideas that are readily
available to markets, governments and society. The term innovation can be
defined as something original and, as a consequence, new, that "breaks into" the
market or society. A definition consistent with these aspects would be the
following: "An innovation is something original, new, and important in whatever
field that breaks in to a market or society".
While something novel is often described as an innovation, in economics,
management science, and other fields of practice and analysis it is generally
considered a process that brings together various novel ideas in a way that they
have an impact on society.

Name of Government Agency: Ministry of Establishment (Administrative

Cadre)
Ministry of Establishment of the government of the people's Republic of
Bangladesh. Ministry of Establishment is primarily responsible for management of
public administration.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:
Ministry of Establishment has taken several steps, policy, and actions which may
help a government to run properly. The policies are described in bellow:

Ministry of establishment is now ministry of public administration.

Introduction of E-letter and file tracking system
Career planning unit (CPU)
Performance based evaluation
MIS of civil servants
Introduction of easy and simple pension system
National training council (NTC)
Foundation course (FC) has been made compulsory for all cadres
Provision of participation of civil officers in the national defense

college (NDC) course

Provision of e-application for extension of education leave
Full database of all government employees.

Extent of Practices:
The Ministry of Public Administration contributes to the development of a
competent and accountable public service system by attracting, developing,
engaging and managing an efficient and innovative organizational, functional
human resources support system. MOE newly named at MOPA with the
commitment of better services and opened a well-structured web page to provide
better information and services but the real scenario is not changed. Information
and service quality are same as before even web page are also not up-to-date.
There is a CPU in the ministry but its almost non-functioning. Through creation of
MIS the personnel profile of the BCS officers is well maintained. Recently on test

basis performance based evolution for the admin. Cadres official has been
introduced. There is an NTC headed by PM and it sets content of the foundation
courses and it grants education leave and deputation for education of all the
officials in the public sector. Public administration ministry recently started
accepting

e-application

of

the

foreign

students.

Some

senior

level

bureaucrats(not bellow JS) who have very good academic record(at least 3 to 4
first class) are sent to NDC courses with spouse, which is very high quality
training courses in Bangladesh and foreign participants from foreign and military
attendant the course. Recently FC is made compulsory for all the public sector
officials. According to the provision, without completion FC nobody is allowed to
have selection grade and upper position. Based on a research finding, during
caretaker government pension system has been simplified.
Name of Government Agency: Bangladesh Public Administration Training
Centre (BPATC)
Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre (BPATC) is the apex training
institution in the public sector. The Centre was established as an autonomous
organization in 1984 vide ordinance in 1984. This training institute caters for
imparting training of all the 29 Civil Service Cadre officials. This is a unique
Centre where officials of different levels attend training courses ensuring both
vertical and horizontal integration in training philosophy.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Total Quality Management (TQM)

Management at the top (MAT)
Maintain ISO Provisions in its affairs.
Extent of Practices:

Though BPATC has taken some steps to make the organization effective, the
policy dont use properly in hare. For senior level CSs the MAT course has been
introduced with the donor fund, so that these officers can act as policy advocate.
Under the close co-operation of JICA, TQM is being practiced on regular basis,
refreshers courses are also arranged in BPATC and Japan. JICA experts are also

thinking to introduce TQM in BARD, APD, and RDA. BPATC is one of the public
sector organizations who has awarded with ISO quality.
Name of Government Agency: Public Service Commission (PSC)
Public Service Commission (PSC) is a quasi-judicial body established in 1972
under the Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh.

Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Web pages and computerized software for checking preliminary

exam.
Preservation of data of the candidates
Review of the Quota system in PSC
Change of examination system in PSC
Extent of Practices:

PSC has changed district quota to division quota and it has increased the merit
quota from 45% to 55%. It has also changed the examination system, which
implies that except professional cadres like education, engineers, doctors etc. all
are to undergo same examination system.

Name of Government Sector: Education Department

Ministry of Education is the apex policy making institution of the Government
regarding administration and development of post-primary education sector.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

School based assessment system

Publishing public examination through internet
Food for children
Introducing scholarship program for the girls students
Introducing of MCQ system
Introducing of Grading System

Privatization of Education System

Web page
Extent of Practices:

Due to introduction of all those reform measures school enrolled increased and
decreased dropout. Encouraging female students with stipend will definitely have
long time positive impacts in the long run. Primary and secondary boards are
equipped with required computerized software and it is linked with internet
system, so results of the public examination can be seen in the net.

Name of Government Sector: Judiciary

The Bangladesh Judicial Service Commission has been structured under the
Bangladesh Judicial Service Commission Rules, 2007.

Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Separation of Judiciary
Quick trail court
Introduction of women and children court
Tenure of service period up 67 years.
Extent of Practices:

Separation of judiciary is still in the process. There is a potential threat from the
side administration, which should be technically overcome.

Name of Government Sector: Police Department

The Bangladesh Police is the main law enforcement agency of Bangladesh.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Model Thana equipped with service delivery centers with

modern logistics.
Crime prevention
Investigation unit
Trafficking in Human being unit
Capacity building program
Gender sensitiveness
Victim support center
Introduction of RAB
Intelligence unit
Dog Squad
Helicopter unit
Elite force Chita
Detection cybercrime unit
Counter attacking technique
Development of web page.

Extent of Practices:
Police reform program is beingfunded by UNDP, UFID, and European commission
but due to resistance from the administration police ordinance is yet to enact.
Police department is quite equipped with modern technology and RAB is
functioning well to combat sensitive issues like terrorism and national security
and e-crime. Strengthening elite force in fact help to tackle strategic sovereignty
and peace and security and ensure good governance in the society.

Name of Government Sector: Tax Department

In Bangladesh, the principal taxes are Customs Duty, Value-Added-Tax (VAT),
Supplementary Duty and personal income taxes and corporate income taxes. The
standard rate of VAT is 15% levied on transaction value of most of the imports
and supplies of goods and services.

Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Self-assessed tax system

Introduction of tax identification number (TIN)
Progressive tax management system
Introduction of tax ombudsman
Performance based target for the officers
Development of web page
Extent of Practices:

The introduction of self-assessed tax system is a good attempt but it needs

simplification. The number of taxable people are few, proper attempt should be
taken to increase the number.

Name of Government Sector: Custom and excise

Customs wing is primarily responsible for collection of all duties and taxes at the
import stage.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:
Introduction of Value Added Tax
Bonded ware house
Development of web page

Extent of Practices: Substituting cells tax VAT is a modern system and it has
helped incase tax but it needs more rigorous initiatives.

Name of Government Sector: Ministry of industry and commerce

Ministry of Industries is primarily responsible for developing new policies &
strategies for promotion, expansion and sustainable development of Industrial
sector of the country.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Concept of export processing zones

Trade liberalization in line with WTO

TAX holiday for DFI
Web page available
BOI

Extent of Practices: Setting up EPZ in different regions of the country helps

immensely for industrialization and employment generation and increasing
growth.

Name of Government Sector: Communication and Transportation

Under communication and transport sector Roads Division is one of the important
Divisions in the Government under the Ministry of Communication.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Introduction of computerized driving license

Delegation of Authority for issuing of license to private firms

along with BRTC

PPP concept adopted in BRTC
Extent of Practices:

BRTC hasintroduced laminated computerized driving license. For professional

driver the duration is 5 years and for non-professional it is for 10 years. The
transports of BRTC are running on leasing concept. According to the terms drivers
and maintenance is done behalf of BRTC but the day to day operation is being
done by private people. They are running on per trip contact. Suppose the cost is
fixes at 5000 Tk for one trip, from Mirpur to Gulistan. Above that amount all
surplus will go to individual who has contact for a year.
Name of Government Sector: Railway Department
Bangladesh Railway is the state-owned rail transport agency of Bangladesh. It
operates and maintains the entire railway network of the country. BR is controlled
by the Directorate General of Bangladesh Railway under the Ministry of Railways

along with Bangladesh Railway Authority (BRA) and which works for policy
guidance of BR.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Digital ticket booking system in railway

E-ticketing in railway department
PPP in Dhaka-Chittagong rout (Subarna)

Extent of Practices:
Railway is the first department, which introduced computerized ticketing system.
Now they have expended E-ticketing system. One train named Subarna is
contacted to private partner, which is much better in providing services and
maintains schedule properly.
Name of Government Sector: Agriculture
The Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) is one of the key ministries of the Government
of the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Subsidy in fertilizer and irrigation system

IPM
Sex pheromone hormone technology
Granular urea fertilizer
Drum seeder
Vermiculture
Usage of HYV technology
Rationalization of price of rice
Provision of restriction for using agricultural land for residential

or business purpose
Germ plasma center at BAU
Extent of Practices:

Agriculture

department

adopts

various

modern

technologies.

Recently

government has declared subsidy for fertilizer and irrigation. It is a good initiative

by the government. There is a germplasm center to preserve the indigenous

variety of fruits and citrus so that it cannot extinct.
Name of Government Sector: Forest and Environment
The Ministry of Environment & Forests is the nodal agency in the administrative
structure of the central government for the planning, promotion, co-ordination
and overseeing the implementation of environmental and forestry programs.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Participatory social forestry

Participatory coastal zone forestry management
Income sharing of social foresty
Public Private Partnership adopted
Plantation of exotic cinchona and rubber.
Botanical gardens and botanical surveys.
Tree plantation.
Extent of Practices:

Based

on

huge

consultative

process

participatory

coastal

zone

forestry

management project has been undertaken. Due to adoption of PPP with LG and
individual, social forestry has been increased immensely.
Name of Government Sector: Livestock and poultry
Livestock animals, kept specially on a farm, for economic benefits. In Bangladesh
these are generally cattle, buffalo, goat and sheep.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Market principle
Modern feeding and Management of Poultry industry
Artificial insemination
Hybrid species of cows and goats
Privatization
Extent of Practices:

Due to undertaking modern and scientific technology poultry has developed as a

providing large scale loan from the government. Livestock industry did not grow
much as this industry need huge capital and there should have provision of
insurance but due to lack of proper care and attention and proper investors,
despite having huge potential livestock industry is yet to grow in pace with
poultry.
Name of Government Sector: Bangladesh Academy for Rural
DevelopmentBangladesh Rural Development Board is the prime government
agency engaged in rural development and poverty alleviation.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Comilla Model of RD
Project of Echo Toilet
Comprehensive village development program
Local level poultry monitoring system
Project for rural life plan for secured old age
Project on Agricultural insurance
Project on Rural Settlement
Extent of Practices:

These are all very innovative projects undertaken by BARD. Among these in the
Echo Toilet projects human excreta are decomposed in a sanitary toilet and urine
is gathered in a huge pot in order to use it as organic fertilizer in the field. JICA
and JADE are finding the project. It is unique concept. LLPMS, sponsored by
Canadian CIDA, helped gathering house hold data for local level planning and
poverty monitoring using union parishad. RDA RDA is doing well in setting up low
cost deep tube well. During recent time government use their expertise and
poverty monitoring using union parishad.

Name of Government Sector: RDA

The Rural Development Academy (RDA), was established on 19 June, 1974 as a

specialized Rural Development Institution for training, research and action
research.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:
Arsenic free tube-well project
Low cost deep tube well
Participatory seed management

Extent of Practices:
RDA is doing well in setting up low cost tube well. During recent time government
use their expertise in hill districts of Bangladesh.
Name of Government Sector:Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute,
(BARI):; Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Bangladesh Jute Research
Institute, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:
Improved HYV of rice and different fruits
Juton (A type of cloth mixed of jute and cotton)
Invention of Saline Tolerance Variety of Rice

Extent of Practices:
BRRI and BARI are engaged in developing various HYVs. BINA has recently
developed Saline Tolerance Variety of Rice and BJRI has developed Juton (A type
of cloth mixed of Jute and cotton). Especially the contrition of BARI and BRRI are
enormous. In fact through the innovation of these two institutions Bangladesh
has reached self-sufficiency and autarky.
Name of Government Sector: Chittagong Port.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Automation in Chittagong port

Deep see port concept

Web page
Extent of Practices:

In recent time automation in Chittagong port has eased export import process
and reduced the steps and hassle involved in earlier days.

Name of Government Sector: Power development Board (PDB)

The Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) was created as a public sector
organization to boost the countrys power sector after the emergence of
Bangladesh as an independent state in 1972.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Introduction of DESCO
Computerized Billing System
Extent of Practices:

Desco's is improving day to day due to taking positive initiatives at its end.
Name of Government Sector: Water Supply Authority (WASA)
Dhaka WASA (Water Supply & Sewerage Authority) was established in the year
1963 as an independent organization, under the East Pakistan ordinance XIX.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Computerized Billing System

Name of Government Sector: Post and Telecommunication

The Vision of PTD is to provide a quick and modernized telecom and postal
services to the people of Bangladesh in a transparent and people-friendly manner
and thereby facilitate the creation of a digital Bangladesh.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

 E-service in postal Department

Guaranteed Express Postal Service (GEPS)
Privatization of T&T department
Extent of Practices:
Through GEPS any letter /postal materials can be sent within 24 hours within the
country and 3 days around the globe.

Name of Government Sector: Civil Aviation and Tourism

Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism was a ministry under central government
before independence. After independence of Bangladesh in 1971 matters relating
to communication and tourism were vested with the Ministry of Commerce.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Checking of luggage in airport on random basis

Computerized Immigration Management
Use of close circuit camera
PPP
Extent of Practices:

Now hassle of checking luggage has reduced due to introduction of this system.
Cleaning responsibility has been given to private agencies.

Name of Government Sector: Passport

Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

One stop service in passport Department

Delegation of authority in providing passport
Machine readable passport
Extent of Practices:

The concept of one stop service has been introduced in the passport and
immigration department. Due to massive rash and demand for passport,
authority has been delighted to DC office and GPOs, which has reduced the
sufferings of the citizen. Within 2 years all passport will be machine-readable.

Name of Government Sector: Banking and Business Sector

Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Convertibility of Currency
Introduction of ATM
Concept of Capital/Stock-share Market
Using computerized software in banking sector in

Sonali and Janata Bank

Taking bill of all utilities in the same bank
Sonali and Janata Bank has been transformed into
limited company
Extent of Practices:

According to the suggestion of ATM SamsulHaq reform commission, now days all
public utilities bill can be paid in one place. Sonali and Janata Bank are now using
sophisticated computerized software, which have reduced workload of the bank
employee. Some consortium of Sonali, Janata, Uttora and Agrani Bank are using
ATM system in some limited booth.
Name of Government Sector: LGED
Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) is one of the largest public
sector organizations in Bangladesh entrusted for planning and implementation of
local

level

rural

urban

and

small

scale

water

resources

infrastructure

development programs.
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Cost sharing method

Geographic information system

Extent of Practices:
In the Small Scale Water Resource Development Sector Project (SSWRDS), the
concept of cost sharing system is practiced when new sluice gate, embankment
are required to erect. Through formation cooperative SSWRDS are helping the
community in developing water resource developing project. The communities
are bound to share some port of the cost of the required undertaking.
Name of Government Sector: All Ministries
Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken:

Fiscal authority expanded

Consultancy
MTBF
Budget Management Committee (BMC)
Web page development
Internet Facilities developed
Use of Computer increased
Extent of Practices:

Recently fiscal authority of the secretaries has been enhanced. Almost all the
ministries have prepared citizen charter for providing services to the citizen but it
is written in black and white, in reality this has nothing to do with services. Now a
days consultancy has become a growing industry and in the entire project
ministries are employing consultants as expert. As the Chief accounts officers all
secretaries are responsibilities for preparing MTBF and the progress is being
monitored through BMC.

Health and family welfare

Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken

Consulting in Upazila health

Privatization of health system
Use of modern technology in medical college
Innovation of ors
Go NGO collaboration in immunization and tuberculosis through DOTS

Extent of Practices:
In the health sector innovation of oORS is one of the major innovation by ICDDRB
WHICH IOS INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNIZED AND TAKEN PLACE SIGNIFICANTLY IN
THE BOOK ON INNOVATION IN THE WORLD. IN COLLABORATION WITH brac AND
OTHER ngos,GOVERNment achieved remarkable success in immunization,Now
GOVT. has on elimination of tuberculosis,which is being done in collaboration with
BRAC. During recent time consultant having higher degree like MD. MS> etc. in
different medical subject are post in UHC .all the government hospitals are
going to be occupied with modern medical equipment and fecilities especially
in the urban area.
Palling commission

Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken

Preparation and practice of poverty reeduction strategy(PRS)

Result based management (RBM)
Open executive search for appointing director general of BIDS
Use of the invinronmental impact Assessment concept in project

Extent of Practices:
Instate of 5 year plan which is a constructional obligation under the financial support
and guidline of the UNDP,PRS was prepared through a massive consultative process
nationwidePc is patronizing RBM in its nvariuos training course and IMED also try to

adopt

RBM concept in monmitoring

its

projects .this is for the first

time

advertisement was published in public news paper for appointing DG of BIDS

New Institution Created

Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken

Human right commission

Bangladesh telephone regulatory commission
Anti corruption commission
Truth commission
Privatization commission
Regulotery reform commission

Extent of Practices:
During the recent time these new institution have been created for the ensuring
good governance among these truth commission is now not exist the function of
the regulatory reform commission is to look into the legal aspects of the land law
so thst it can reshape suitable law for the country.

New policies adopt

Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken

Woman policy
Environment policy
Right to inform act
Consumer policy
National training policy
ICT policy
Birth registration act
Policy of sex harassment

Enlarge woman participation in parliament

Recently supreme court gave a verdict that to reduce sex harassment, legal provision should be
made so that victim can justice .in line with the global convention and protocol
,though a consultative process

a comprehensive

environmental policy is adopt but its full

enforcement is yet to take place due to sufficient man power and logistic support according to
NTP , cadre officers deputed in training institution will get extra 30% training allowance women
member s seats will be decided and the number of the woman seats has been increased to 45
instate of 30 seats.

Ministry of local government

Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken

Introduction of Upazila system

Introduction women member in Upazila perished
Reform in local government sanitation program
New up assessment format
Expanded block grants direct resource flow to UP account
Participatory open space budgeting
Social and environmental screening
Bottom up planning process in Sirajgong local development program

Extent of Practices:

In the recent time some change and innovation take place in the field of the LG. Govt. has developed
a format for the measuring of the performance of union perished by fixing some good or bad
indicator the responsibility of birth and sanitation programs was assigned to union perished which
achieve commendable success. according to LDSP projects funded by the world bank.EGB amounting
direct 5 lacks is directly sent to UP. The projects are being selected through social and environmental
screening committee at the world level LGSP also advocates for the participatory open space budget
process although Upazila concept revisited but due to the dominant role by the mps, the performance
will be stake

City corporation amd municipalities

Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken

Waste management system

Extent of Practices:
Purchasing equipment from Germany they are cleaning Dhaka city.

Public enterprises

Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken

Privatization of SEO
Upright sale of loosing concern

Previous govt. adopt the policy of outright sale of the loosing concern in a very law price value

Jatia Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University

Change, Innovation and policy and programs Undertaken

Introduction of academic calendar

Internet facilities (under umbrella ,some department
Web page available
Wi-Fi technology

Extent of Practices:
JKKNIU should wide open the services to the student .library should be computerized and internet
facilities should be improved examination style should be changed and there should have rational
evaluation system both for the students and teachers

Conclusion
It appears evident that the public sector has a great potential for innovation, but that this is still not
sufficiently recognized or seen as being as valuable as it can be. The limits of public management
theory and practice, mixed experiences with privatisation, and growing socio-economic and
environmental concerns all of these have highlighted the crucial role of the public sector in our
society. However, because of increasing budget constraints we need both better
and cheaper public services. Innovation in the public sector can make a profound difference in
improving service to the public and creating public value. This is why innovation in the public sector
is
liable to be particularly significant when it has such features as: Addressing grand challenges Fostering
a more democratic society; Championing social equity; Changing the way a government organization
operates so that it better achieves its goals; Achieving substantial savings (or even earnings) in
government operations; Forging a trail for other innovation leaders in policy bodies.