Daily Grammar Warm-Ups

GRAMMAR & USAGE
GRAMMAR & USAGE
The classroom teacher may reproduce materials in this book for classroom use only.
The reproduction of any part for an entire school or school system is strictly prohibited.
No part of this publication may be transmitted, stored, or recorded in any form
without written permission from the publisher.
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ISBN 0-8251-6055-3
10
Copyright 2006
J. Weston Walch, Publisher
P.O. Box 658 Portland, Maine 04104-0658
www.walch.com
Printed in the United States of America
The classroom teacher may reproduce materials in this book for classroom use only.
The reproduction of any part for an entire school or school system is strictly prohibited.
No part of this publication may be transmitted, stored, or recorded in any form
without written permission from the publisher.
4
5
6
7
ISBN 0-8251-6055-3
Copyright 2006
J. Weston Walch, Publisher
P.O. Box 658 Portland, Maine 04104-0658
www.walch.com
Printed in the United States of America
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Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Parts of Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Usage
Verb Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Pronoun Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Adjective/Adverb Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Mechanics
Capitalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
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Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Parts of Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Usage
Verb Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Pronoun Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Adjective/Adverb Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Mechanics
Capitalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
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The Daily Warm-Ups series is a wonderful way to turn extra classroom minutes into
valuable learning time. The 180 quick activitiesone for each day of the school yearpractice
language arts skills. These daily activities may be used at the very beginning of class to get
students into learning mode, near the end of class to make good educational use of that
transitional time, in the middle of class to shift gears between lessonsor whenever else you
have minutes that now go unused.
Daily Warm-Ups are easy-to-use reproduciblessimply photocopy the days activity and
distribute it. Or make a transparency of the activity and project it on the board. You may want
to use the activities for extra-credit points or as a check on the language arts skills that are built
and acquired over time.
However you choose to use them, Daily Warm-Ups are a convenient and useful supplement to
your regular lesson plans. Make every minute of your class time count!
Daily Warm-Ups: Grammar & Usage
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The Daily Warm-Ups series is a wonderful way to turn extra classroom minutes into
valuable learning time. The 180 quick activitiesone for each day of the school yearpractice
language arts skills. These daily activities may be used at the very beginning of class to get
students into learning mode, near the end of class to make good educational use of that
transitional time, in the middle of class to shift gears between lessonsor whenever else you
have minutes that now go unused.
Daily Warm-Ups are easy-to-use reproduciblessimply photocopy the days activity and
distribute it. Or make a transparency of the activity and project it on the board. You may want
to use the activities for extra-credit points or as a check on the language arts skills that are built
and acquired over time.
However you choose to use them, Daily Warm-Ups are a convenient and useful supplement to
your regular lesson plans. Make every minute of your class time count!
Parts of Speech
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Concrete and Abstract Nouns

A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
Examples: musician, studio, guitar, hope
Nouns can be concrete or abstract. The examples listed above are
all concrete except the noun hope.
Daily
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s:
Based on the examples listed above, explain the difference between a

concrete and an abstract noun.
Think about some concrete and abstract nouns in your daily life. Make a list below.
Concrete
Abstract
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Parts of Speech
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Concrete and Abstract Nouns

A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
Examples: musician, studio, guitar, hope
Nouns can be concrete or abstract. The examples listed above are
all concrete except the noun hope.
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Based on the examples listed above, explain the difference between a

concrete and an abstract noun.
Think about some concrete and abstract nouns in your daily life. Make a list below.
Concrete
Abstract
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Parts of Speech
Concrete or Abstract?
Daily
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Remember that a concrete noun names a person, place, or thing

that can be sensed with one of the five senses. An abstract noun
names an idea or quality and cannot be sensed with one of the
five senses.
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For each of the following nouns, write C on the line if it is a concrete

noun or A if it is an abstract noun.
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___ 1. ocean
___ 7. grandmother
___ 2. aviary
___ 8. justice
___ 3. sorrow
___ 9. ability
___ 4. communication
___ 10. Miami
___ 5. Earth
___ 11. bracelet
___ 6. beauty
___ 12. belief
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Parts of Speech
Concrete or Abstract?
Daily
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Remember that a concrete noun names a person, place, or thing

that can be sensed with one of the five senses. An abstract noun
names an idea or quality and cannot be sensed with one of the
five senses.
-U
ps
:G
For each of the following nouns, write C on the line if it is a concrete

noun or A if it is an abstract noun.
2
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___ 1. ocean
___ 7. grandmother
___ 2. aviary
___ 8. justice
___ 3. sorrow
___ 9. ability
___ 4. communication
___ 10. Miami
___ 5. Earth
___ 11. bracelet
___ 6. beauty
___ 12. belief
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Parts of Speech
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Common and Proper Nouns
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s:
A common noun names a person, place, or thing. A proper noun

names a particular person, place, or thing.
Common nouns: teacher, school, calendar
Proper nouns: Mrs. Ramirez, Riverdale High School,
September
Read the following sentences. Underline the common nouns once. Underline
the proper nouns twice.
1. My grandmother came to the United States from Ireland before the

Great Depression.
2. My brother usually drives us to school in his Toyota Camry.
3. Ryan works nights and weekends at Parkers Restaurant.

4. Aunt Hilda bought me an iPod for my birthday.
5. When I graduate from high school, Im going to college at Boston
University.
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Parts of Speech
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Common and Proper Nouns
Daily
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Gr
s:
A common noun names a person, place, or thing. A proper noun

names a particular person, place, or thing.
Common nouns: teacher, school, calendar
Proper nouns: Mrs. Ramirez, Riverdale High School,
September
Read the following sentences. Underline the common nouns once. Underline
the proper nouns twice.
1. My grandmother came to the United States from Ireland before the

Great Depression.
2. My brother usually drives us to school in his Toyota Camry.
3. Ryan works nights and weekends at Parkers Restaurant.

4. Aunt Hilda bought me an iPod for my birthday.
5. When I graduate from high school, Im going to college at Boston
University.
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Parts of Speech
Making Proper Nouns

Daily
Remember that a common noun names a person, place, or thing.

A proper noun names a particular person, place, or thing.
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Make each of the common nouns below into proper nouns. The first
one has been done for you.
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Baker Road
1. road ______________________
6. park ______________________
2. river ______________________
7. month ____________________
3. store ______________________
8. school _____________________
4. teacher ____________________
9. car _______________________
5. aunt ______________________
10. holiday ____________________
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Parts of Speech
Making Proper Nouns

Daily
Remember that a common noun names a person, place, or thing.

A proper noun names a particular person, place, or thing.
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ps
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Make each of the common nouns below into proper nouns. The first
one has been done for you.
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Baker Road
1. road ______________________
6. park ______________________
2. river ______________________
7. month ____________________
3. store ______________________
8. school _____________________
4. teacher ____________________
9. car _______________________
5. aunt ______________________
10. holiday ____________________
Parts of Speech
A compound noun is a noun that includes more than one word.

Compound nouns may contain two or more words, hyphenated
words, or two words that are combined as one.
Examples: dining room, babysitter, turtleneck
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Compound or Collective?
A collective noun names a group of people or things.

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Examples: team, class, flock
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Below is a list of compound and collective nouns. Create a two-column chart,
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labeling one column Compound and one column Collective. Write the words
in the appropriate columns.
crew
league
paperback
crowd
tribe
fish tank
family
first aid
gang
home run
post office
group
washing machine
sleeping bag
bystander
orchestra
greenhouse
herd
motorcycle
software
committee
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Parts of Speech
A compound noun is a noun that includes more than one word.

Compound nouns may contain two or more words, hyphenated
words, or two words that are combined as one.
Examples: dining room, babysitter, turtleneck
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Compound or Collective?
A collective noun names a group of people or things.

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Examples: team, class, flock
:
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arm
Below is a list of compound and collective nouns. Create a two-column chart,
W
y
l
i
Da
labeling one column Compound and one column Collective. Write the words
in the appropriate columns.
first aid
gang
home run
post office
group
washing machine
sleeping bag
crew
league
paperback
crowd
tribe
fish tank
family
bystander
orchestra
greenhouse
herd
motorcycle
software
committee
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Parts of Speech
Pronouns
Daily
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A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one or more nouns.

Pronouns are used to eliminate repetition in speaking and writing.
Example: Rachel and Joey ran around the track until they
got too tired.
(They replaces the repetition of Rachel and Joey.)
The following sentences do not use pronouns. Rewrite the sentences
using pronouns to avoid repetition.
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1. Bianca and Erin went to the mall to shop for Bianca and Erins prom dresses.
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2. Bianca found the exact dress that Bianca was looking for.
3. Erin found a dress that Erin loved, but the dress wasnt Erins size.
4. The salesperson helped Erin look for Erins dress in another color.
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Parts of Speech
Pronouns
Daily
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rm
-U
The following sentences do not use pronouns. Rewrite the sentences

using pronouns to avoid repetition.
:G
ps
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one or more nouns.

Pronouns are used to eliminate repetition in speaking and writing.
Example: Rachel and Joey ran around the track until they
got too tired.
(They replaces the repetition of Rachel and Joey.)
ra
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ar
1. Bianca and Erin went to the mall to shop for Bianca and Erins prom dresses.
2. Bianca found the exact dress that Bianca was looking for.
3. Erin found a dress that Erin loved, but the dress wasnt Erins size.
4. The salesperson helped Erin look for Erins dress in another color.
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Parts of Speech
Complete the personal pronoun chart below.
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Personal Pronouns
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s:
First Person
Singular
Plural
Second Person
Singular
Plural
Third Person
Singular
Plural
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Parts of Speech
Complete the personal pronoun chart below.
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Personal Pronouns
Daily
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Gr
s:
First Person
Singular
Plural
Second Person
Singular
Plural
Third Person
Singular
Plural
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Parts of Speech
Pronouns and Antecedents

Daily
Recall that a pronoun is used to replace a noun to avoid

unnecessary repetition. The word that the pronoun replaces is
called its antecedent.
Example: Veronica loves her new MP3 player. She uses it at
the gym every day.
(Veronica is the antecedent for her and She. MP3 player
is the antecedent for it.)
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As you can see in the example above, the antecedent can be in the same
sentence as the pronoun, or it can be in the previous sentence.
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Read the following sentences. Underline the pronouns, and circle their antecedents.
1. Mrs. Edwards always writes her comments at the end of the essays.
2. Jorge and Derek said they need a ride to school in the morning.
3. The gym was decorated more than it had been in previous years.
4. The mother woke up her children before they could wake up on their own.
5. Miranda failed her math test, so she will retake it next week.
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Parts of Speech
Pronouns and Antecedents

Daily
Recall that a pronoun is used to replace a noun to avoid

unnecessary repetition. The word that the pronoun replaces is
called its antecedent.
Example: Veronica loves her new MP3 player. She uses it at
the gym every day.
(Veronica is the antecedent for her and She. MP3 player
is the antecedent for it.)
Wa
rm
-U
ps
:G
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As you can see in the example above, the antecedent can be in the same
sentence as the pronoun, or it can be in the previous sentence.
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Read the following sentences. Underline the pronouns, and circle their antecedents.
1. Mrs. Edwards always writes her comments at the end of the essays.
2. Jorge and Derek said they need a ride to school in the morning.
3. The gym was decorated more than it had been in previous years.
4. The mother woke up her children before they could wake up on their own.
5. Miranda failed her math test, so she will retake it next week.
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Parts of Speech
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Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns
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s:
Reflexive and intensive pronouns are formed by adding -self or

-selves to personal pronouns.
Examples: I usually make myself dinner if my parents work
late. (reflexive)
I myself do not enjoy biking. (intensive)
Read the following sentences. Underline each reflexive and intensive

pronoun. Then decide if each one is reflexive (R) or intensive (I). Write the
correct letter on the line before each sentence.
___ 1. The girl I babysit for finally learned to tie her shoes herself.
___ 2. You yourself can come to the benefit dance tomorrow night.
___ 3. Andrei bought himself new soccer cleats.
___ 4. The officer herself wrestled the criminal to the ground.
___ 5. I couldnt find myself in our class picture.
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Parts of Speech
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Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns
Daily
mWar
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Gr
s:
Reflexive and intensive pronouns are formed by adding -self or

-selves to personal pronouns.
Examples: I usually make myself dinner if my parents work
late. (reflexive)
I myself do not enjoy biking. (intensive)
Read the following sentences. Underline each reflexive and intensive

pronoun. Then decide if each one is reflexive (R) or intensive (I). Write the
correct letter on the line before each sentence.
___ 1. The girl I babysit for finally learned to tie her shoes herself.
___ 2. You yourself can come to the benefit dance tomorrow night.
___ 3. Andrei bought himself new soccer cleats.
___ 4. The officer herself wrestled the criminal to the ground.
___ 5. I couldnt find myself in our class picture.
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Parts of Speech
Indefinite Pronouns
Daily
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Indefinite pronouns refer to unnamed people or things. They do

not usually have definite antecedents.
Examples: Everyone I invited is coming to the party.
Have you seen anybody from class?
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List as many indefinite pronouns as you can below. Then use three of
them in sentences of your own.
ps
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Parts of Speech
Indefinite Pronouns
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List as many indefinite pronouns as you can below. Then use three of
them in sentences of your own.
Daily
Indefinite pronouns refer to unnamed people or things. They do

not usually have definite antecedents.
Examples: Everyone I invited is coming to the party.
Have you seen anybody from class?
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Parts of Speech
Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out specific people,

places, or things. This, that, these, and those are all demonstrative
pronouns. Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. What,
which, who, whom, and whose are all interrogative pronouns.
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Demonstrative or Interrogative?
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s:
Read the following sentences. Circle the demonstrative pronouns, and

underline the interrogative pronouns.
1. Who is sitting on that bench?

2. Whose book is this?
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3. Will you please pick up these papers?

4. Which one of you broke that lamp?
5. We bought those lamps on our trip to Europe.
6. What can I get for you?
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Parts of Speech
Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out specific people,

places, or things. This, that, these, and those are all demonstrative
pronouns. Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. What,
which, who, whom, and whose are all interrogative pronouns.
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Demonstrative or Interrogative?
Daily
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Gr
s:
Read the following sentences. Circle the demonstrative pronouns, and

underline the interrogative pronouns.
1. Who is sitting on that bench?

2. Whose book is this?
11
3. Will you please pick up these papers?

4. Which one of you broke that lamp?
5. We bought those lamps on our trip to Europe.
6. What can I get for you?
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Parts of Speech
Reviewing Pronouns
Daily
Remember that there are several different types of pronouns:

personal, reflexive, intensive, indefinite, demonstrative, and
interrogative.
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ps
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Read each of the pronouns below. Write the type of each pronoun
on the line provided.
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1. himself ____________________
7. them _____________________
2. which ____________________
8. that ______________________
3. everyone __________________
9. what _____________________
4. these _____________________
10. another ___________________
5. mine _____________________
11. yours _____________________
6. someone __________________
12. myself ____________________
ng
Parts of Speech
Reviewing Pronouns
Daily
Remember that there are several different types of pronouns:

personal, reflexive, intensive, indefinite, demonstrative, and
interrogative.
Wa
sh i
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ng
:G
ps
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12
rm
Read each of the pronouns below. Write the type of each pronoun
on the line provided.
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1. himself ____________________
7. them _____________________
2. which ____________________
8. that ______________________
3. everyone __________________
9. what _____________________
4. these _____________________
10. another ___________________
5. mine _____________________
11. yours _____________________
6. someone __________________
12. myself ____________________
Parts of Speech
An action verb tells what the subject of the sentence is doing.

Example: The baby crawled across the room to her mother.
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Take Action
Read each of the following sentences. Underline the action verbs.

There may be more than one action verb in each sentence.
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1. Jordan raised his hand and asked for help.
2. Mom popped a bag of popcorn in the microwave.

3. Josh flew on an airplane to Minneapolis.
4. Yukiko applied to six different colleges across the country.
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5. The class rode the bus to the museum for a field trip.
6. Hector ate his dinner and then watched a movie.
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Parts of Speech
An action verb tells what the subject of the sentence is doing.

Example: The baby crawled across the room to her mother.
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Take Action
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Daily
m-
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Up
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Read each of the following sentences. Underline the action verbs.

There may be more than one action verb in each sentence.
1. Jordan raised his hand and asked for help.
2. Mom popped a bag of popcorn in the microwave.

3. Josh flew on an airplane to Minneapolis.
4. Yukiko applied to six different colleges across the country.
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5. The class rode the bus to the museum for a field trip.
6. Hector ate his dinner and then watched a movie.
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Parts of Speech
Action or Being?
Daily
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A verb is a word that expresses action or being. A sentence

cannot exist without a verb.
Examples: Taylor ran to the end of the street and back.
(action)
Now Taylor is exhausted. (being)
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Read each of the following sentences. Decide whether each sentence contains
a verb that expresses action or being. Write A on the line if it contains an action
verb. Write B on the line if it contains a verb that expresses being.
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___ 1. Kwame took his drivers test last week.
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___ 2. He made a mistake parallel parking.

___ 3. Kwame was upset that he didnt pass his test.
___ 4. He plans on taking his test again next month.
___ 5. He is excited to try one more time.
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Parts of Speech
Action or Being?
Daily
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:G
ps
A verb is a word that expresses action or being. A sentence

cannot exist without a verb.
Examples: Taylor ran to the end of the street and back.
(action)
Now Taylor is exhausted. (being)
Read each of the following sentences. Decide whether each sentence contains
a verb that expresses action or being. Write A on the line if it contains an action
verb. Write B on the line if it contains a verb that expresses being.
___ 1. Kwame took his drivers test last week.
14
___ 2. He made a mistake parallel parking.

___ 3. Kwame was upset that he didnt pass his test.
___ 4. He plans on taking his test again next month.
___ 5. He is excited to try one more time.
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Parts of Speech
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Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
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s:
A transitive verb is a verb that has an object. An intransitive

verb does not have an object. To find out if a verb has an object,
ask the question what? or whom? after reading the verb.
Examples: I walked my dog around the block. (Dog is the
object, so the verb is transitive.)
I walked around the block. (Walked what? Walked
whom? There is no object, so the verb is
intransitive.)
Decide if the verb is transitive (T) or intransitive (I). Write the correct letter on the line.
___ 1. Holly rocked her baby to sleep.
___ 2. Omar ran down the football field.
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___ 3. He scored a touchdown just in time.

___ 4. Lindsay raised her hand to ask a question.
___ 5. John drove to the store to buy milk.
___ 6. Juanita swam across the lake and back.
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Parts of Speech
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Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
Daily
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Gr
s:
A transitive verb is a verb that has an object. An intransitive

verb does not have an object. To find out if a verb has an object,
ask the question what? or whom? after reading the verb.
Examples: I walked my dog around the block. (Dog is the
object, so the verb is transitive.)
I walked around the block. (Walked what? Walked
whom? There is no object, so the verb is
intransitive.)
Decide if the verb is transitive (T) or intransitive (I). Write the correct letter on the line.
___ 1. Holly rocked her baby to sleep.
___ 2. Omar ran down the football field.
15
___ 3. He scored a touchdown just in time.

___ 4. Lindsay raised her hand to ask a question.
___ 5. John drove to the store to buy milk.
___ 6. Juanita swam across the lake and back.
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Parts of Speech
Verb Phrases
Daily
Wa
rm
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ps
A verb phrase is a group of words that contains a main verb and

one or more helping verbs.
Example: We are going to the supermarket on the way
home. (Going is the main verb, and are is the
helping verb.)
ra
Helping verbs are often helpful to memorize. List as many helping verbs as you
can below. Try to think of at least twenty.
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ar
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Parts of Speech
Verb Phrases
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
Helping verbs are often helpful to memorize. List as many helping verbs as you
can below. Try to think of at least twenty.
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:G
ps
A verb phrase is a group of words that contains a main verb and

one or more helping verbs.
Example: We are going to the supermarket on the way
home. (Going is the main verb, and are is the
helping verb.)
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Parts of Speech
Remember that a verb phrase is a group of words that contains a

main verb and one or more helping verbs.
ma
r&
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ge
More Verb Phrases
Read the following sentences. Underline the verb phrases.
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War
Daily
m-
s
Up
:G
1. I will be finished in an hour.
2. You should write a letter to the editor.
3. We are giving you a ride to practice, right?

4. Jennifer is going to visit her grandparents for the holidays.
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5. We might take a vacation next year.

6. You have been running for over an hour!
7. I was rushing to my appointment this morning.
8. They were looking for a place to stay.
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Parts of Speech
Remember that a verb phrase is a group of words that contains a

main verb and one or more helping verbs.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
More Verb Phrases
Read the following sentences. Underline the verb phrases.
ra
War
Daily
m-
s
Up
:G
1. I will be finished in an hour.
2. You should write a letter to the editor.
3. We are giving you a ride to practice, right?

4. Jennifer is going to visit her grandparents for the holidays.
17
5. We might take a vacation next year.

6. You have been running for over an hour!
7. I was rushing to my appointment this morning.
8. They were looking for a place to stay.
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Parts of Speech
Linking Verbs
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
A linking verb is a verb or verb phrase that links the subject with
another word in the sentence. The other word in the sentence
names or describes the subject.
Examples: Cecile was a freshman last year. (Was links
freshman and Cecile.)
You must have been proud of your students. (Must
have been links proud and you.)
ra
mm
ar
Linking verbs can be tricky. Remember that verbs are only linking verbs if they
link the subject with another word that renames or describes the subject.
&U
sage
Read the following sentences. Write Y on the line if a sentence contains a linking
verb and N on the line if it does not.
___ 1. This trip has been long and tiring.
18
___ 2. She was at the game until it ended.

___ 3. You are late again.
___ 4. I am tired of your excuses.
2006 Walch P
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___ 5. You should have been here four hours ago!
Parts of Speech
Linking Verbs
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
A linking verb is a verb or verb phrase that links the subject with
another word in the sentence. The other word in the sentence
names or describes the subject.
Examples: Cecile was a freshman last year. (Was links
freshman and Cecile.)
You must have been proud of your students. (Must
have been links proud and you.)
Linking verbs can be tricky. Remember that verbs are only linking verbs if they
link the subject with another word that renames or describes the subject.
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Read the following sentences. Write Y on the line if a sentence contains a linking
verb and N on the line if it does not.
___ 1. This trip has been long and tiring.
18
___ 2. She was at the game until it ended.

___ 3. You are late again.
___ 4. I am tired of your excuses.
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___ 5. You should have been here four hours ago!
Parts of Speech
Recall that a linking verb links the subject with another word in
the sentence. The other word in the sentence names or describes
the subject.
ma
r&
Usa
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Using Linking Verbs
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Write a paragraph about the outdoors using the following linking verbs:
was have been might be seem become
When you have finished writing your paragraph, circle the verb or verb phrase in
each sentence. Then underline the two words or phrases that the verb links.
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Walc
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Parts of Speech
Recall that a linking verb links the subject with another word in
the sentence. The other word in the sentence names or describes
the subject.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Using Linking Verbs
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Write a paragraph about the outdoors using the following linking verbs:
was have been might be seem become
When you have finished writing your paragraph, circle the verb or verb phrase in
each sentence. Then underline the two words or phrases that the verb links.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Parts of Speech
More Linking Verbs

Daily
The following verbs may also be used as linking verbs:

seem
sound
taste
become
grow
remain
smell
stay
turn
-U
look
rm
feel
Wa
appear
ps
:G
Use six of the linking verbs from the box above in sentences of your own.
Circle the words that rename or describe the subjects.
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
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Parts of Speech
More Linking Verbs

Daily
The following verbs may also be used as linking verbs:

seem
sound
taste
become
grow
remain
smell
stay
turn
-U
look
rm
feel
Wa
appear
ps
:G
Use six of the linking verbs from the box above in sentences of your own.
Circle the words that rename or describe the subjects.
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ra
mm
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sage
Parts of Speech
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Verb Review
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Remember that verbs can take many formsaction (A), transitive

(T), intransitive (I), linking (L), helping (H). Keeping all of these
forms in mind, underline the verbs in an essay or paper you have
written recently. Label each verb or verb phrase with the correct
letters listed above.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Parts of Speech
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Verb Review
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Remember that verbs can take many formsaction (A), transitive

(T), intransitive (I), linking (L), helping (H). Keeping all of these
forms in mind, underline the verbs in an essay or paper you have
written recently. Label each verb or verb phrase with the correct
letters listed above.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Parts of Speech
Adjectives
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
An adjective is a word that describes a noun or a pronoun. Most

adjectives come before the nouns or pronouns they modify. Others
come after the nouns or pronouns. Some come after linking verbs.
Examples: The soft, cuddly puppy fell asleep in my lap.
(before a noun)
The puppy, soft and cuddly, fell asleep in my lap.
(after a noun)
The puppy is soft and cuddly. (after a linking verb)
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Read the following sentences. All the adjectives come before the noun. Rewrite
each sentence so the adjectives come after the noun or after a linking verb.
1. The tall green grass needs to be mowed.
22
_____________________________________________________________
2. The heavy rain washed away all the pollen.
_____________________________________________________________
3. The child was afraid of the big, scary grizzly bear.
2006 Walch P
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_____________________________________________________________
Parts of Speech
Adjectives
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
An adjective is a word that describes a noun or a pronoun. Most

adjectives come before the nouns or pronouns they modify. Others
come after the nouns or pronouns. Some come after linking verbs.
Examples: The soft, cuddly puppy fell asleep in my lap.
(before a noun)
The puppy, soft and cuddly, fell asleep in my lap.
(after a noun)
The puppy is soft and cuddly. (after a linking verb)
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Read the following sentences. All the adjectives come before the noun. Rewrite
each sentence so the adjectives come after the noun or after a linking verb.
1. The tall green grass needs to be mowed.
22
_____________________________________________________________
2. The heavy rain washed away all the pollen.
_____________________________________________________________
3. The child was afraid of the big, scary grizzly bear.
2006 Walch P
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_____________________________________________________________
Parts of Speech
Recall that adjectives are words that describe nouns and pronouns.
Adjectives answer questions such as What kind? Which one(s)? How
many? and How much?
ma
r&
Usa
ge
More Adjectives
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Below is a list of several nouns. Write an adjective on the line before

each noun. Use the questions above to help you think of adjectives.
1. _______________ textbooks
6. _______________ students
2. _______________ kitten
7. _______________ picture
3. _______________ bedroom
8. _______________ women
4. _______________ desk
9. _______________ essay
5. _______________ car
10. _______________ lamp
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Walc
h Publish ing
Parts of Speech
Recall that adjectives are words that describe nouns and pronouns.
Adjectives answer questions such as What kind? Which one(s)? How
many? and How much?
ma
r&
Usa
ge
More Adjectives
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Below is a list of several nouns. Write an adjective on the line before

each noun. Use the questions above to help you think of adjectives.
1. _______________ textbooks
6. _______________ students
2. _______________ kitten
7. _______________ picture
3. _______________ bedroom
8. _______________ women
4. _______________ desk
9. _______________ essay
5. _______________ car
10. _______________ lamp
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Parts of Speech
Proper and Compound Adjectives
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
A compound adjective contains more than one word. The words

may be combined into one word, or they may be joined by a hyphen.
Examples: brand-new car, ten-minute presentation
Daily
A proper adjective begins with a capital letter and comes from a

proper noun.
Examples: French bread, Shakespearean sonnet
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Read the following sentences. Circle the proper adjectives, and underline the
compound adjectives.
1. The well-dressed woman ducked into the French bistro.
24
2. My father gave me a fifteen-minute lecture about buying American cars.

3. The child was afraid of the three-headed monster in the movie.
4. For dessert were having Boston cream pie.
2006 Walch P
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5. The fair-skinned woman wore a long dress and high-heeled boots.
Parts of Speech
Proper and Compound Adjectives
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
A compound adjective contains more than one word. The words

may be combined into one word, or they may be joined by a hyphen.
Examples: brand-new car, ten-minute presentation
Daily
A proper adjective begins with a capital letter and comes from a

proper noun.
Examples: French bread, Shakespearean sonnet
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Read the following sentences. Circle the proper adjectives, and underline the
compound adjectives.
1. The well-dressed woman ducked into the French bistro.
24
2. My father gave me a fifteen-minute lecture about buying American cars.

3. The child was afraid of the three-headed monster in the movie.
4. For dessert were having Boston cream pie.
2006 Walch P
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5. The fair-skinned woman wore a long dress and high-heeled boots.
Parts of Speech
A, an, and the make up a group of adjectives called articles.

Remember that a comes before words that begin with consonant
sounds, and an comes before words that begin with vowel sounds.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Articles
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Decide which article (a or an) should come before each of the following
words. Write the correct article on the line.
1. _____ flower
7. _____ watch
2. _____ orange
8. _____ chain
3. _____ hour
9. _____ honor
4. _____ beverage
10. _____ scientist
5. _____ performance
11. _____ adjective
6. _____ igloo
12. _____ pineapple
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Walc
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Parts of Speech
A, an, and the make up a group of adjectives called articles.

Remember that a comes before words that begin with consonant
sounds, and an comes before words that begin with vowel sounds.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Articles
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Decide which article (a or an) should come before each of the following
words. Write the correct article on the line.
1. _____ flower
7. _____ watch
2. _____ orange
8. _____ chain
3. _____ hour
9. _____ honor
4. _____ beverage
10. _____ scientist
5. _____ performance
11. _____ adjective
6. _____ igloo
12. _____ pineapple
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Walc
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Parts of Speech
Even More Adjectives

Daily
Read the following sentences. Underline all the adjectives,

including articles.
Wa
rm
-U
1. My favorite contestant is the tall girl in the black dress.
ps
:G
2. We took a long, exhausting walk around the city.
ra
3. The hurricane caused excessive damage to our home.
mm
ar
4. I received a gorgeous bouquet of flowers today.
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sage
5. My parents gave me a stunning gold bracelet for graduation.

6. The narrow street made it difficult to walk with traffic.
7. We had two delicious appetizers at the Italian restaurant.
26
2006 Walch P
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8. The little girl wore a pink helmet to match her new bicycle.
ng
Parts of Speech
Even More Adjectives

Daily
Read the following sentences. Underline all the adjectives,

including articles.
Wa
rm
-U
1. My favorite contestant is the tall girl in the black dress.
:G
ps
2. We took a long, exhausting walk around the city.

3. The hurricane caused excessive damage to our home.
4. I received a gorgeous bouquet of flowers today.
5. My parents gave me a stunning gold bracelet for graduation.
6. The narrow street made it difficult to walk with traffic.
7. We had two delicious appetizers at the Italian restaurant.
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8. The little girl wore a pink helmet to match her new bicycle.
ng
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Parts of Speech
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Comparatives and Superlatives
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Adjectives can be used to compare two or more things. The

comparative compares two things and adds -er to the adjective.
The comparative may also be formed by placing the word more in
front of the adjective.
Examples: faster, more delicious
The superlative compares more than two things and adds -est to the adjective.
Superlatives may also be formed by placing the word most in front of the adjective.
Examples: fastest, most delicious
Write five sentences about one of your favorite activities that contain
comparatives and superlatives.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Parts of Speech
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Comparatives and Superlatives
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Adjectives can be used to compare two or more things. The

comparative compares two things and adds -er to the adjective.
The comparative may also be formed by placing the word more in
front of the adjective.
Examples: faster, more delicious
The superlative compares more than two things and adds -est to the adjective.
Superlatives may also be formed by placing the word most in front of the adjective.
Examples: fastest, most delicious
Write five sentences about one of your favorite activities that contain
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Walc
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Parts of Speech
Adverbs
Wa
rm
Examples: near, always, very, lovely
Daily
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another

adverb. Adverbs tell how, when, where, how much, and why. Many
adverbs end with the letters -ly.
-U
ps
:G
Read the words below. Check the words that are adverbs.
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2006 Walch P
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ra
mm
ar
____ 1. great
____ 6. carefully
____ 11. fast
____ 2. well
____ 7. bright
____ 12. windy
____ 3. too
____ 8. often
____ 13. also
____ 4. for
____ 9. almost
____ 14. almost
____ 5. yesterday
____ 10. nor
____ 15. unexpectedly
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sage
ng
Parts of Speech
Adverbs
Wa
rm
Examples: near, always, very, lovely
Daily
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another

adverb. Adverbs tell how, when, where, how much, and why. Many
adverbs end with the letters -ly.
-U
ps
:G
Read the words below. Check the words that are adverbs.
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2006 Walch P
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ra
mm
ar
____ 1. great
____ 6. carefully
____ 11. fast
____ 2. well
____ 7. bright
____ 12. windy
____ 3. too
____ 8. often
____ 13. also
____ 4. for
____ 9. almost
____ 14. almost
____ 5. yesterday
____ 10. nor
____ 15. unexpectedly
&U
sage
Parts of Speech
ma
r&
Usa
ge
More Adverbs
Remember that an adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an
adjective, or another adverb. Many adverbs end in -ly.
Change the following words into adverbs. Write the adverb on
the line.
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
1. careful ________________________
7. drastic ___________________
2. basic _________________________
8. quick ____________________
3. easy __________________________
9. equal ____________________
29
4. comfortable ____________________ 10. variable __________________

5. rare __________________________ 11. bare _____________________
6. happy ________________________ 12. terrible ___________________
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Parts of Speech
ma
r&
Usa
ge
More Adverbs
adjective, or another adverb. Many adverbs end in -ly.
Change the following words into adverbs. Write the adverb on
the line.
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
1. careful ________________________
7. drastic ___________________
2. basic _________________________
8. quick ____________________
3. easy __________________________
9. equal ____________________
29
4. comfortable ____________________ 10. variable __________________

5. rare __________________________ 11. bare _____________________
6. happy ________________________ 12. terrible ___________________
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Walc
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Parts of Speech
Adverbs in Action
Daily
Wa

adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs tell how, when, where, how
much, and why. Many adverbs end with the letters -ly.
rm
-U
ps
:G
Underline the adverbs in the following sentences.
ra
mm
ar
1. Youre finished already? You completed the test too quickly.
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sage
2. The children quietly watched the movie and then went outside.
3. Sometimes I walk to school, but usually I take the bus.
4. Dont ever speak to me like that again!
30
5. Yesterday we took a field trip, and today well write a paper about it.
6. The students eagerly gathered near the gym.
7. I think Ill write more in my journal later.
2006 Walch P
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8. You did rather well on your exam.
Parts of Speech
Adverbs in Action
Daily
Wa

rm
-U
:G
ps
Underline the adverbs in the following sentences.
ra
mm
ar
1. Youre finished already? You completed the test too quickly.

2. The children quietly watched the movie and then went outside.
3. Sometimes I walk to school, but usually I take the bus.
4. Dont ever speak to me like that again!
30
5. Yesterday we took a field trip, and today well write a paper about it.
6. The students eagerly gathered near the gym.
7. I think Ill write more in my journal later.
2006 Walch P
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8. You did rather well on your exam.
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sage
Parts of Speech

ma
r&
Usa
ge
Writing with Adverbs
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Use the following adverbs in sentences of your own. Underline any

additional adverbs in your sentences.
1. brightly, so
2. too, well
3. extremely, still
31
4. hard, today
5. sometimes, never
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Parts of Speech

ma
r&
Usa
ge
Writing with Adverbs
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Use the following adverbs in sentences of your own. Underline any

additional adverbs in your sentences.
1. brightly, so
2. too, well
3. extremely, still
31
4. hard, today
5. sometimes, never
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Parts of Speech
Adjectives and Adverbs

Daily
Remember that an adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun, and an

adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
Read each of the following sentences. Underline the adjectives and

circle the adverbs.
ra
mm
ar
1. We awoke to a blanket of fluffy white snow on the ground.
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sage
2. We patiently waited to see if we had a snow day.

3. When we got the news, I breathed a sigh of relief. I had an extra day to
finish my ten-minute presentation.
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2006 Walch P
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4. I eagerly crawled back into my warm, cozy bed.

5. Fortunately, I could sleep for another three hours. I had stayed awake much
too late the previous night.
ng
Parts of Speech
Adjectives and Adverbs

Daily
Remember that an adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun, and an

adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
Read each of the following sentences. Underline the adjectives and

circle the adverbs.
1. We awoke to a blanket of fluffy white snow on the ground.
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
2. We patiently waited to see if we had a snow day.

3. When we got the news, I breathed a sigh of relief. I had an extra day to
finish my ten-minute presentation.
32
2006 Walch P
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4. I eagerly crawled back into my warm, cozy bed.

5. Fortunately, I could sleep for another three hours. I had stayed awake much
too late the previous night.
ng
Parts of Speech
Prepositions
ma
r&
Usa
ge
A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a

noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence. In order to be
a preposition, the word must have an object. To determine if a
word is a preposition, insert the word what or whom after the
preposition. This will tell you if the preposition has an object. If a
a
r
noun or pronoun answers the question of what or whom, then the word
G
s:
p
is a preposition.
U
rma
W
Daily
Read the following sentences. Underline each preposition.
1. The dog jumped onto the couch.
2. Im going to the movies with Emily tonight.
33
3. Please dont wait until Sunday to start your paper.

4. There will be no talking during the presentations.
5. Will you sit beside me at the assembly?
6. We went inside when it started raining.
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Walc
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Parts of Speech
Prepositions
ma
r&
Usa
ge

noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence. In order to be
a preposition, the word must have an object. To determine if a
word is a preposition, insert the word what or whom after the
preposition. This will tell you if the preposition has an object. If a
a
r
noun or pronoun answers the question of what or whom, then the word
G
s:
p
is a preposition.
U
rma
W
Daily
Read the following sentences. Underline each preposition.
1. The dog jumped onto the couch.
2. Im going to the movies with Emily tonight.
33
3. Please dont wait until Sunday to start your paper.

4. There will be no talking during the presentations.
5. Will you sit beside me at the assembly?
6. We went inside when it started raining.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Parts of Speech
Listing Prepositions
Daily
Wa
rm

noun or a pronoun and another word in the sentence.
Example: The skier came out of the gate and raced down
the hill.
-U
List as many prepositions as you can in the space below. You should be
able to think of at least twenty.
ps
:G
ra
mm
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sage
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2006 Walch P
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Parts of Speech
Listing Prepositions
Daily
sh i
ubli
ng
:G
ps
2006 Walch P
-U
34
rm
List as many prepositions as you can in the space below. You should be
able to think of at least twenty.
Wa

noun or a pronoun and another word in the sentence.
Example: The skier came out of the gate and raced down
the hill.
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Parts of Speech
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Conjunctions
Daily
Wa
U
rm-
Gr
s:
A conjunction is a word that joins other words or groups of words.

A coordinating conjunction is made up of one connecting word.
A correlative conjunction is made up of two connecting words.
Examples: and, but, or (coordinating)
either/or, neither/nor (correlative)
Underline the conjunctions in the following sentences.
1. Bring either your sneakers or your boots.
2. Whether we go to the fair or we stay home will depend on the weather.

3. I want to finish my homework, but Id rather go to the mall.
4. Please run and get your book out of your locker.
35
5. I forgot not only my uniform but also my glove for the game today.
6. First we will review the material, and then we will have the quiz.
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Walc
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Parts of Speech
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Conjunctions
Daily
Wa
U
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Gr
s:
A conjunction is a word that joins other words or groups of words.

A coordinating conjunction is made up of one connecting word.
A correlative conjunction is made up of two connecting words.
Examples: and, but, or (coordinating)
either/or, neither/nor (correlative)
Underline the conjunctions in the following sentences.
1. Bring either your sneakers or your boots.
2. Whether we go to the fair or we stay home will depend on the weather.

3. I want to finish my homework, but Id rather go to the mall.
4. Please run and get your book out of your locker.
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5. I forgot not only my uniform but also my glove for the game today.
6. First we will review the material, and then we will have the quiz.
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Walc
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Parts of Speech
Combining with Conjunctions

Daily
Wa
rm
Remember that a conjunction is a word that joins other words

or groups of words. Use conjunctions to combine each of the
following pairs of sentences into one. Try to vary the conjunctions
that you use.
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ps
:G
1. I remembered my book. I forgot my homework.

_______________________________________________________
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2. I got home from school early. I watched television for an hour.
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___________________________________________________
3. I want to visit the art museum. I want to visit the museum of natural history.
________________________________________________________________
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4. I fell skiing down the mountain. I broke my wrist.

_______________________________________________________________
5. I got eleven hours of sleep last night. I still feel tired.
2006 Walch P
sh i
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______________________________________________________________
Parts of Speech
Combining with Conjunctions

Daily
Wa
rm
Remember that a conjunction is a word that joins other words

or groups of words. Use conjunctions to combine each of the
following pairs of sentences into one. Try to vary the conjunctions
that you use.
-U
_______________________________________________________
2. I got home from school early. I watched television for an hour.
:G
ps
1. I remembered my book. I forgot my homework.
ra
mm
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___________________________________________________
3. I want to visit the art museum. I want to visit the museum of natural history.
________________________________________________________________
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4. I fell skiing down the mountain. I broke my wrist.

_______________________________________________________________
5. I got eleven hours of sleep last night. I still feel tired.
2006 Walch P
sh i
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______________________________________________________________
Parts of Speech
ma
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Interjections
Daily
Wa
U
rm-
Gr
s:
An interjection is a word or group of words that shows feeling. An

interjection is separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma
or an exclamation point.
Examples: Well, I have to start my homework.
Wow! You finished your homework already?
Write a sentence with an interjection to express each of the feelings

listed below.
1. excitement ____________________________________________________
2. disappointment ________________________________________________
3. fear __________________________________________________________
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4. surprise ______________________________________________________
5. disbelief ______________________________________________________
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Walc
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Parts of Speech
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Interjections
Daily
Wa
U
rm-
Gr
s:
An interjection is a word or group of words that shows feeling. An

interjection is separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma
or an exclamation point.
Examples: Well, I have to start my homework.
Wow! You finished your homework already?
Write a sentence with an interjection to express each of the feelings

listed below.
1. excitement ____________________________________________________
2. disappointment ________________________________________________
3. fear __________________________________________________________
37
4. surprise ______________________________________________________
5. disbelief ______________________________________________________
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Walc
h Publish ing
Parts of Speech
Review I
____________________
____________________
____________________
Pronoun
Preposition
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
Verb
Conjunction
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
Adjective
Interjection
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
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ng
____________________
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Adverb
rm
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Noun
Wa
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Daily
Write two examples for each part of speech listed below.
ra
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Parts of Speech
Review I
____________________
____________________
____________________
Pronoun
Preposition
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
Verb
Conjunction
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
Adjective
Interjection
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
:G
ps
ng
____________________
-U
sh i
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Adverb
rm
2006 Walch P
Noun
Wa
38
Daily
Write two examples for each part of speech listed below.
ra
mm
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sage
Parts of Speech
r&
Usa
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Review II
1. noun _______________________________________________
ma
2. pronoun _____________________________________________
Define and describe each of the eight parts of speech listed below.
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
3. verb ___________________________________________________
4. adjective ___________________________________________________
5. adverb __________________________________________________________
6. preposition ________________________________________________________
7. conjunction ____________________________________________________
8. interjection ___________________________________________________
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Walc
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Parts of Speech
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r&
Usa
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Review II
1. noun _______________________________________________
2. pronoun _____________________________________________
Define and describe each of the eight parts of speech listed below.
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
3. verb ___________________________________________________
4. adjective ___________________________________________________
5. adverb __________________________________________________________
6. preposition ________________________________________________________
7. conjunction ____________________________________________________
8. interjection ___________________________________________________
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Walc
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Parts of Speech
Review III
verb (v.)
conjunction (c.)
adjective (adj.)
interjection (int.)
:G
ps
preposition (prep.)
-U
pronoun (pn.)
rm
adverb (adv.)
Wa
noun (n.)
Daily
Take a paragraph you have written recently and label each word
with the correct part of speech. Use the following abbreviations to
label the words:
ra
mm
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sage
40
2006 Walch P
sh i
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Parts of Speech
Review III
verb (v.)
conjunction (c.)
adjective (adj.)
interjection (int.)
40
2006 Walch P
sh i
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ng
:G
ps
preposition (prep.)
-U
pronoun (pn.)
rm
adverb (adv.)
Wa
noun (n.)
Daily
Take a paragraph you have written recently and label each word
with the correct part of speech. Use the following abbreviations to
label the words:
ra
mm
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sage
Sentences
A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.

A sentence contains a subject (noun) and a predicate (verb). If a
group of words does not contain a subject and a predicate, it is not
a sentence; it is a fragment.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
What Is a Sentence?
Examples: Ramon ran to the store. (sentence)

ra
G
Ran to the store. (fragment)
:
ps
U
arm
Read the following groups of words. Write S on the line if it is a sentence.
W
y
l
i
Da
Write F on the line if it is a fragment.
___ 1. Kim took her drivers test yesterday.

___ 2. She failed.
41
___ 3. Will take it again next month.

___ 4. She is extremely disappointed.
___ 5. Practice makes perfect.
___ 6. Making left-hand turns.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Sentences
A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.

A sentence contains a subject (noun) and a predicate (verb). If a
group of words does not contain a subject and a predicate, it is not
a sentence; it is a fragment.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
What Is a Sentence?
Examples: Ramon ran to the store. (sentence)

ra
G
Ran to the store. (fragment)
:
ps
U
arm
Read the following groups of words. Write S on the line if it is a sentence.
W
y
l
i
Da
Write F on the line if it is a fragment.
___ 1. Kim took her drivers test yesterday.

___ 2. She failed.
41
___ 3. Will take it again next month.

___ 4. She is extremely disappointed.
___ 5. Practice makes perfect.
___ 6. Making left-hand turns.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Sentences
Fragments to Sentences
Daily
Remember that a sentence contains a subject and a predicate. If it

does not, then it is a fragment.
Wa
rm
Turn the following fragments into sentences. Write the sentence on

the line. Make sure it includes a subject and a predicate.
-U
ps
:G
1. the chicken in your salad ________________________________

_________________________________________________________
ra
mm
ar
2. from one place to another _______________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________
3. the soccer ball in the goal ___________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
42
4. with my mother _________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
5. to pick up some milk _____________________________________________
2006 Walch P
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______________________________________________________________
Sentences
Fragments to Sentences
Daily
Remember that a sentence contains a subject and a predicate. If it

does not, then it is a fragment.
Wa
rm
-U
Turn the following fragments into sentences. Write the sentence on

the line. Make sure it includes a subject and a predicate.
:G
ps
1. the chicken in your salad ________________________________

_________________________________________________________
2. from one place to another _______________________________________
ra
mm
ar
&U
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_______________________________________________________________________
3. the soccer ball in the goal ___________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
42
4. with my mother _________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
5. to pick up some milk _____________________________________________
2006 Walch P
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______________________________________________________________
Sentences
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Types of Sentences
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
There are four types of sentences: declarative, imperative,

interrogative, and exclamatory.
Declarative: makes a statement
Imperative: gives a command/direction, or makes a request
Interrogative: asks a question
Exclamatory: expresses strong feeling or emotion
Read the following sentences. Write the type of sentence on the line.
1. Where are you going? ______________________
2. Please dont stay out too late. ______________________

3. You look absolutely stunning in that dress! ______________________
43
4. I want to go camping this summer. ______________________

5. Will you help me with this assignment? ______________________
6. Take your feet off the table. ______________________
7. We are taking a vacation to Hawaii next year. ______________________
8. Ouch! That bee sting hurts! ______________________
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Walc
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Sentences
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Types of Sentences
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
There are four types of sentences: declarative, imperative,

interrogative, and exclamatory.
Declarative: makes a statement
Imperative: gives a command/direction, or makes a request
Interrogative: asks a question
Exclamatory: expresses strong feeling or emotion
Read the following sentences. Write the type of sentence on the line.
1. Where are you going? ______________________
2. Please dont stay out too late. ______________________

3. You look absolutely stunning in that dress! ______________________
43
4. I want to go camping this summer. ______________________

5. Will you help me with this assignment? ______________________
6. Take your feet off the table. ______________________
7. We are taking a vacation to Hawaii next year. ______________________
8. Ouch! That bee sting hurts! ______________________
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Walc
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Sentences
Subjects and Predicates

Daily
Wa
Remember that a sentence is a group of words that contains a

subject and a predicate. A subject is a noun or pronoun, and a
predicate is a verb.
rm
-U
Example: Brooke tiptoed down the hallway.

(Brooke is the subject, and tiptoed is the predicate.)
ps
:G
Read the following sentences. After each sentence, write the subject on
the first line and the predicate on the second line.
ra
mm
ar
1. The puppy played with the older dog all day.
&U
sage
_______________ _________________
2. Henry bought a new MP3 player with his birthday money.
_______________ _________________
44
3. Kaylee locked her keys in her car.

_______________ _________________
4. Kyle took the bus to the mall after school.
2006 Walch P
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_______________ _________________
Sentences
Subjects and Predicates

Daily
-U
:G
ps
Read the following sentences. After each sentence, write the subject on
the first line and the predicate on the second line.
rm
Example: Brooke tiptoed down the hallway.

(Brooke is the subject, and tiptoed is the predicate.)
Wa
Remember that a sentence is a group of words that contains a

subject and a predicate. A subject is a noun or pronoun, and a
predicate is a verb.
1. The puppy played with the older dog all day.

_______________ _________________
2. Henry bought a new MP3 player with his birthday money.
_______________ _________________
44
3. Kaylee locked her keys in her car.

_______________ _________________
4. Kyle took the bus to the mall after school.
2006 Walch P
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_______________ _________________
ra
mm
ar
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sage
Sentences
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Complete and Simple Subjects
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
A complete subject is a group of words that names what a

sentence is about.
Example: The tall boy out in left field made a great diving
catch.
A simple subject is the main word (noun or pronoun) in the complete

subject.
Example: The tall boy out in left field made a great diving catch.
Read the following sentences. Underline the complete subjects, and circle the
simple subjects.
1. A slice of apple pie is my ideal dessert.
45
2. The little black dog chased our car down the street.
3. The lady across the street baked us cookies when we moved in.
4. My sister Tiana knows how to make jewelry.
5. Anthony was late to class today.
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Walc
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Sentences
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Complete and Simple Subjects
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
A complete subject is a group of words that names what a

sentence is about.
Example: The tall boy out in left field made a great diving
catch.
A simple subject is the main word (noun or pronoun) in the complete

subject.
Example: The tall boy out in left field made a great diving catch.
Read the following sentences. Underline the complete subjects, and circle the
simple subjects.
1. A slice of apple pie is my ideal dessert.
45
5. Anthony was late to class today.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Sentences
Complete and Simple Predicates
rm
-U
:G
ps
A simple predicate is the main word or phrase in the complete

predicate.
Wa
Example: Juan runs on the treadmill at the gym.
Daily
A complete predicate is a group of words that tells something

about the subject.
ra
mm
ar
Read the following sentences. Underline the complete predicates, and circle the
simple predicates.
&U
sage
46
2006 Walch P

4. That teacher always gives tests on Mondays.
sh
ubli
i ng
Now write two sentences of your own that contain complete and
simple predicates.
Sentences
Complete and Simple Predicates
rm
-U
:G
ps
A simple predicate is the main word or phrase in the complete

predicate.
Wa
Daily
A complete predicate is a group of words that tells something

about the subject.
ra
Read the following sentences. Underline the complete predicates, and circle the
simple predicates.
46
2006 Walch P
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4. That teacher always gives tests on Mondays.
i ng
Now write two sentences of your own that contain complete and
simple predicates.
mm
ar
&U
sage
Sentences
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Compound Subjects
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
A compound subject contains two or more subjects, uses the same

verb, and is joined by a conjunction such as and or or.
Examples: Joaquin, Brandon, and Michael played basketball
after school.
Mom or Dad will pick you up after practice today.
Complete the following sentences with compound subjects.
1. _______________________________ are my favorite foods.

2. _______________________________ helped make dinner and set
the table.
47
3. _______________________________ decorated for the party.

4. _______________________________ are going to the dance together.
5. _______________________________ were absent from class today.
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Walc
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Sentences
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Compound Subjects
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
A compound subject contains two or more subjects, uses the same

verb, and is joined by a conjunction such as and or or.
Examples: Joaquin, Brandon, and Michael played basketball
after school.
Mom or Dad will pick you up after practice today.
Complete the following sentences with compound subjects.
1. _______________________________ are my favorite foods.

2. _______________________________ helped make dinner and set
the table.
47
3. _______________________________ decorated for the party.

4. _______________________________ are going to the dance together.
5. _______________________________ were absent from class today.
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Walc
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Sentences
Compound Verbs
Daily
A compound verb contains two or more verbs, uses the same

subject, and is joined by a conjunction such as and or or.
Wa
rm
Examples: Barron washed and dried the dishes after dinner.

Kenya pitched a tent and built a fire.
-U
ps
:G
Read the following sentences. Write Y on the line if the sentence

contains a compound verb, and write N if it does not.
ra
mm
ar
___ 1. Jenna and I will pick you up and take you to the play.
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sage
___ 2. Kevin is taking a nap, and Montell is reading a book.

___ 3. You should either do your homework or fill out your applications.
___ 4. The robber put the car in drive and sped away.
48
2006 Walch P
___ 5. Grandma told us to rake and bag the leaves.

___ 6. Aysha and Grace visited many colleges in the Northeast.
sh i
ubli
ng
Sentences
Compound Verbs
Daily
A compound verb contains two or more verbs, uses the same

subject, and is joined by a conjunction such as and or or.
Wa
-U
:G
ps
Read the following sentences. Write Y on the line if the sentence

contains a compound verb, and write N if it does not.
rm
Examples: Barron washed and dried the dishes after dinner.

Kenya pitched a tent and built a fire.
ra
___ 1. Jenna and I will pick you up and take you to the play.
mm
ar
&U
sage
___ 2. Kevin is taking a nap, and Montell is reading a book.

___ 3. You should either do your homework or fill out your applications.
___ 4. The robber put the car in drive and sped away.
48
2006 Walch P
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___ 5. Grandma told us to rake and bag the leaves.

___ 6. Aysha and Grace visited many colleges in the Northeast.
ng
Sentences
A complement is part of a sentence that follows the subject and

verb. Complements are sometimes necessary for the sentence to
make sense. There are four types of complements: direct objects,
indirect objects, predicate nominatives, and predicate adjectives.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Direct Objects
A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the

ra
G
verb. The verb used with a direct object is always an action verb. Direct
:
ps
U
objects answer the question What? or Whom?
arm
W
y
l
i
Da
Example: Jason hit a grand slam.
Complete each of the following sentences with a direct object.

1. Nadia watched ________________________________________________.
49
2. The doctor examined __________________________________________.

3. Mr. Gallagher teaches __________________________________________.
4. Cedric caught ________________________________________________.
5. Lily takes ____________________________________________________.
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Walc
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Sentences
A complement is part of a sentence that follows the subject and

verb. Complements are sometimes necessary for the sentence to
make sense. There are four types of complements: direct objects,
indirect objects, predicate nominatives, and predicate adjectives.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Direct Objects
A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the

ra
G
verb. The verb used with a direct object is always an action verb. Direct
:
ps
U
objects answer the question What? or Whom?
arm
W
y
l
i
Da
Example: Jason hit a grand slam.
Complete each of the following sentences with a direct object.

1. Nadia watched ________________________________________________.
49
2. The doctor examined __________________________________________.

3. Mr. Gallagher teaches __________________________________________.
4. Cedric caught ________________________________________________.
5. Lily takes ____________________________________________________.
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Walc
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Sentences
Indirect Objects
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
An indirect object is part of a sentence that follows an action

verb. It answers one of the following questions: To whom? For
whom? To what? For what? The indirect object always comes
between the verb and the direct object.
Example: Rashid gave his teacher a gift.
ra
Underline the direct object in each of the following sentences.
mm
ar
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sage
1. Mom brought me my lunch.

2. I made you a turkey sandwich.
50
3. Mrs. Robinson gave her class homework for the weekend.

4. Madison told me to say hello to you.
5. Ill get you a drink when Im at the store.
6. Please save Ella a piece of cake.
2006 Walch P
sh
ubli
i ng
Sentences
Indirect Objects
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
Underline the direct object in each of the following sentences.
1. Mom brought me my lunch.

2. I made you a turkey sandwich.
50
3. Mrs. Robinson gave her class homework for the weekend.

4. Madison told me to say hello to you.
5. Ill get you a drink when Im at the store.
6. Please save Ella a piece of cake.
2006 Walch P
sh
ubli
i ng
:G
ps
An indirect object is part of a sentence that follows an action

verb. It answers one of the following questions: To whom? For
whom? To what? For what? The indirect object always comes
between the verb and the direct object.
Example: Rashid gave his teacher a gift.
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Sentences
Remember that a direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives

the action of the verb. An indirect object is a noun that tells to
whom or for whom something is done. The indirect object always
comes between the verb and the direct object.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Direct or Indirect?
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Read the following sentences. Label the parts of each sentence. Use V for
verb, D for direct object, and I for indirect object.
1. Lila sent Mr. Hernandez an e-mail.

2. We gave my grandmother a gift certificate for Mothers Day.
3. The dentist mailed my parents a bill for my cleaning.
51
4. The little girl made her father a card for his birthday.
5. Mrs. Adams read her kindergartners a story before their snack.
6. The pitcher threw the batter a 95-mile-an-hour fastball.
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Sentences
Remember that a direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives

the action of the verb. An indirect object is a noun that tells to
whom or for whom something is done. The indirect object always
comes between the verb and the direct object.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Direct or Indirect?
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Read the following sentences. Label the parts of each sentence. Use V for
verb, D for direct object, and I for indirect object.
1. Lila sent Mr. Hernandez an e-mail.

2. We gave my grandmother a gift certificate for Mothers Day.
3. The dentist mailed my parents a bill for my cleaning.
51
4. The little girl made her father a card for his birthday.
5. Mrs. Adams read her kindergartners a story before their snack.
6. The pitcher threw the batter a 95-mile-an-hour fastball.
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Sentences
Predicate Nominatives
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
Complements that follow linking verbs are called subject

complements. A predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that
completes the linking verb. It identifies, explains, or renames the
subject of the sentence.
Example: Mrs. OConnor is my favorite teacher.
ra
Read the following sentences. Circle the predicate nominative. Then draw an
arrow from the predicate nominative to the subject.
mm
ar
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1. Emily is a fabulous dancer.

2. Dogs are the best pets.
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2006 Walch P
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3. Mr. Lopez became an instructor after only one year.

4. Sanjay is the best player on the team.
5. John has been an asset to the committee.
ng
Sentences
Predicate Nominatives
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
Read the following sentences. Circle the predicate nominative. Then draw an
arrow from the predicate nominative to the subject.
1. Emily is a fabulous dancer.
2. Dogs are the best pets.
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2006 Walch P
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ubli
3. Mr. Lopez became an instructor after only one year.

4. Sanjay is the best player on the team.
5. John has been an asset to the committee.
ng
:G
ps
Complements that follow linking verbs are called subject

complements. A predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that
subject of the sentence.
Example: Mrs. OConnor is my favorite teacher.
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Sentences
Compound Predicate Nominatives
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Remember that a predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that

subject of the sentence. A compound predicate nominative
contains two or more predicate nominatives that follow the same
linking verb.
Example: Our pets names are Rocco, Phoebe, and Jester.
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Read the following sentences. Write Y on the line if it contains a compound

predicate nominative. Write N if it does not.
___ 1. Raquel and Rosa are not twins.

___ 2. My favorite foods are pizza, scrambled eggs, and chicken fingers.
53
___ 3. The students who scored highest on the test were Jack and Marcia.
___ 4. The next class president will be either Juan or Greg.
___ 5. The next class president should be Ana.
___ 6. Mrs. Nguyen is the best teacher in the school.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Sentences
Compound Predicate Nominatives
ma
r&
Usa
ge

subject of the sentence. A compound predicate nominative
contains two or more predicate nominatives that follow the same
linking verb.
Example: Our pets names are Rocco, Phoebe, and Jester.
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Read the following sentences. Write Y on the line if it contains a compound

predicate nominative. Write N if it does not.
___ 1. Raquel and Rosa are not twins.

___ 2. My favorite foods are pizza, scrambled eggs, and chicken fingers.
53
___ 3. The students who scored highest on the test were Jack and Marcia.
___ 4. The next class president will be either Juan or Greg.
___ 5. The next class president should be Ana.
___ 6. Mrs. Nguyen is the best teacher in the school.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Sentences
Making Predicate Nominatives
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
Use the following words to write sentences that contain predicate

nominatives. The words listed below should be part of the
predicate nominative.
Daily

subject of the sentence. Predicate nominatives can be compound.
ra
1. Dan, Matt, and David ________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________
2. the best snack ______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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3. soccer, basketball, and baseball _____________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
4. our substitute teacher today _______________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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Sentences
Making Predicate Nominatives
Wa
rm
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ps
Use the following words to write sentences that contain predicate

nominatives. The words listed below should be part of the
predicate nominative.
Daily

subject of the sentence. Predicate nominatives can be compound.
1. Dan, Matt, and David ________________________________________
ra
mm
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_________________________________________________________________
2. the best snack ______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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3. soccer, basketball, and baseball _____________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
4. our substitute teacher today _______________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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Sentences
ma
r&
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Predicate Adjectives
Daily
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Up
Gr
s:
Remember that complements that follow linking verbs are called

subject complements. A predicate adjective is an adjective that
follows a linking verb and describes the subject.
Example: The dog was afraid of its own shadow.
Afraid describes the dog.
Read the following sentences. Circle the predicate adjective in each sentence.
Then draw an arrow from the predicate adjective to the subject.
1. The new teacher was very shy on her first day of school.
55
2. Those flowers are absolutely beautiful!

3. It will be too hot to play the softball game today.
4. That dog is old and tired.
5. My biology teacher is so smart.
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Sentences
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Predicate Adjectives
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Remember that complements that follow linking verbs are called

subject complements. A predicate adjective is an adjective that
follows a linking verb and describes the subject.
Example: The dog was afraid of its own shadow.
Afraid describes the dog.
Read the following sentences. Circle the predicate adjective in each sentence.
Then draw an arrow from the predicate adjective to the subject.
1. The new teacher was very shy on her first day of school.
55
2. Those flowers are absolutely beautiful!

3. It will be too hot to play the softball game today.
4. That dog is old and tired.
5. My biology teacher is so smart.
200
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Sentences
Wa
rm
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:G
ps
Be sure not to confuse predicate adjectives with regular adjectives.

Remember that predicate adjectives follow linking verbs and
describe the subject.
Examples: Dogs make great pets. (regular adjective)
Dogs are great. (predicate adjective)
Daily
Predicate Adjectives vs. Regular

Adjectives
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mm
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Read the following sentences. Write PA on the line if the sentence contains a
predicate adjective. Write RA on the line if it contains a regular adjective.
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___ 1. Mr. Davis is a wonderful teacher.

___ 2. Vinnie is always cordial to people he meets.
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___ 3. This test will be easy.

___ 4. This test will be an easy one.
___ 5. Florida is nice this time of year.
2006 Walch P
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___ 6. Florida is a nice place to visit.
Sentences
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
Be sure not to confuse predicate adjectives with regular adjectives.

Remember that predicate adjectives follow linking verbs and
describe the subject.
Examples: Dogs make great pets. (regular adjective)
Dogs are great. (predicate adjective)
Daily
Predicate Adjectives vs. Regular

Adjectives
ra
mm
Read the following sentences. Write PA on the line if the sentence contains a
predicate adjective. Write RA on the line if it contains a regular adjective.
___ 1. Mr. Davis is a wonderful teacher.
___ 2. Vinnie is always cordial to people he meets.
56
___ 3. This test will be easy.

___ 4. This test will be an easy one.
___ 5. Florida is nice this time of year.
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___ 6. Florida is a nice place to visit.
ar
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Sentences
Remember that predicate nominatives and predicate adjectives are

types of subject complements. These are complements that follow
linking verbs.
ma
r&
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Reviewing Subject Complements
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Read the following sentences. Decide if the words in bold are

predicate nominatives (PN) or predicate adjectives (PA). Write the
appropriate letters on the line before each statement.
___ 1. Sammy was the best dog.
___ 2. He was so playful and fun.
___ 3. Tomorrow will be rainy.
___ 4. Luisa is excited to see her son.
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___ 5. Janice is a student at the local university.

___ 6. Jonathan will become a doctor someday.
___ 7. You are an inspiration to all of us.
___ 8. Clarence is good at crossword puzzles.
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Sentences
Remember that predicate nominatives and predicate adjectives are

types of subject complements. These are complements that follow
linking verbs.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Reviewing Subject Complements
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Read the following sentences. Decide if the words in bold are

predicate nominatives (PN) or predicate adjectives (PA). Write the
appropriate letters on the line before each statement.
___ 1. Sammy was the best dog.
___ 2. He was so playful and fun.
___ 3. Tomorrow will be rainy.
___ 4. Luisa is excited to see her son.
57
___ 5. Janice is a student at the local university.

___ 6. Jonathan will become a doctor someday.
___ 7. You are an inspiration to all of us.
___ 8. Clarence is good at crossword puzzles.
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Sentences
Reviewing Sentences I
Daily
Write a definition for each of the sentence parts below. If you

have trouble defining each part, write an example.
Wa
1. compound subject __________________________________
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___________________________________________________
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2. compound verb ________________________________________

_________________________________________________________
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3. direct object ___________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________
4. indirect object ___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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5. predicate nominative _____________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
6. predicate adjective _______________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________
Sentences
Reviewing Sentences I
Daily
Write a definition for each of the sentence parts below. If you

have trouble defining each part, write an example.
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___________________________________________________
Wa
1. compound subject __________________________________
_________________________________________________________
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ps
2. compound verb ________________________________________
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3. direct object ___________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________
4. indirect object ___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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5. predicate nominative _____________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
6. predicate adjective _______________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________
Sentences
Usa
ge
Reviewing Sentences II
1. compound subject ____________________________________
ma
r&
___________________________________________________
2. compound verb ________________________________________
a
Gr
Daily
War
p
-U
s:
Write a sentence that contains each of the following parts.
______________________________________________________
3. direct object __________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________
4. indirect object __________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________
59
5. predicate nominative ___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________
6. predicate adjective _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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Sentences
ma
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Reviewing Sentences II
a
Gr
Daily
War
p
-U
s:
Write a sentence that contains each of the following parts.

1. compound subject ____________________________________
___________________________________________________
2. compound verb ________________________________________

______________________________________________________
3. direct object __________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________
4. indirect object __________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________
59
5. predicate nominative ___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________
6. predicate adjective _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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Sentences
Reviewing Sentences III

Daily
Write a paragraph about what you did last night. Label the parts of
each sentence. Use the abbreviations below as labels.
Wa
rm
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complete subject (CS)
compound verb (CV)
simple subject (SS)
direct object (DO)
complete predicate (CP)
indirect object (IO)
simple predicate (SP)
predicate nominative (PN)
compound subject (CDS)
predicate adjective (PA)
ps
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2006 Walch P
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Sentences
Reviewing Sentences III

Daily
Write a paragraph about what you did last night. Label the parts of
each sentence. Use the abbreviations below as labels.
Wa
rm
sh i
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simple subject (SS)
direct object (DO)
complete predicate (CP)
indirect object (IO)
simple predicate (SP)
predicate nominative (PN)
compound subject (CDS)
predicate adjective (PA)
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ps
2006 Walch P
compound verb (CV)
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complete subject (CS)
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Phrases
ma
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Prepositional Phrases
Daily
War
p
-U
Gr
s:
A phrase is a group of words that functions as a single part of

speech. A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and must
always end with an object. The object is always a noun or a
pronoun.
Example: Take your feet off the desk and put them on the floor.
Rewrite the following sentences, adding a prepositional phrase to

each one.
1. We took a class field trip to the museum.
2. We saw several interesting exhibits.

3. Then we ate lunch at the museum caf.
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4. The ride home was long and tiresome.

5. Overall, we had a great day.
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Phrases
ma
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Prepositional Phrases
Daily
War
p
-U
Gr
s:
A phrase is a group of words that functions as a single part of

speech. A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and must
always end with an object. The object is always a noun or a
pronoun.
Example: Take your feet off the desk and put them on the floor.
Rewrite the following sentences, adding a prepositional phrase to

each one.
1. We took a class field trip to the museum.
2. We saw several interesting exhibits.

3. Then we ate lunch at the museum caf.
61
4. The ride home was long and tiresome.

5. Overall, we had a great day.
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Phrases
Adjective Phrases
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
There are two types of prepositional phrases: adjective phrases and

adverb phrases. Adjective phrases are used to modify nouns or
pronouns. Adjective phrases answer the following questions: Which
ones? and What kind? An adjective phrase immediately follows the
noun or pronoun it modifies.
Example: I met the woman in the red dress last week.
ra
mm
ar
Read the following sentences. Underline the adjective phrases and circle the nouns
or pronouns they modify.
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sage
1. The little girl on the bus waved to her mother.
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2. The students in the auditorium waited patiently for the guest speaker.
3. The homework for that class is always so difficult.
4. The bedroom was painted an ugly shade of pink.
2006 Walch P
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5. The baby across the hall is always crying.
Phrases
Adjective Phrases
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
There are two types of prepositional phrases: adjective phrases and

adverb phrases. Adjective phrases are used to modify nouns or
pronouns. Adjective phrases answer the following questions: Which
ones? and What kind? An adjective phrase immediately follows the
noun or pronoun it modifies.
Example: I met the woman in the red dress last week.
ra
Read the following sentences. Underline the adjective phrases and circle the nouns
or pronouns they modify.
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sage
2. The students in the auditorium waited patiently for the guest speaker.
3. The homework for that class is always so difficult.
4. The bedroom was painted an ugly shade of pink.
sh i
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1. The little girl on the bus waved to her mother.
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2006 Walch P
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5. The baby across the hall is always crying.
Phrases
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Adverb Phrases
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Adverb phrases are prepositional phrases used to modify verbs,

adjectives, or adverbs. Adverb phrases tell how, when, where, how
much, and why.
Examples: Will you please take me to school? (where)
Because you were late, you missed the lesson.
(why)
Read the following sentences. Underline the adverb phrases and circle the verbs,
adjectives, or adverbs they modify.
1. Are you angry with me?
63
2. I crossed the finish line with great satisfaction.

3. We slept during our flight.
4. Because of our hunger, we ordered an appetizer.
5. I can pass the test with your help.
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Phrases
ma
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Usa
ge
Adverb Phrases
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Adverb phrases are prepositional phrases used to modify verbs,

adjectives, or adverbs. Adverb phrases tell how, when, where, how
much, and why.
Examples: Will you please take me to school? (where)
Because you were late, you missed the lesson.
(why)
Read the following sentences. Underline the adverb phrases and circle the verbs,
adjectives, or adverbs they modify.
1. Are you angry with me?
63
2. I crossed the finish line with great satisfaction.

3. We slept during our flight.
4. Because of our hunger, we ordered an appetizer.
5. I can pass the test with your help.
200
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Walc
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Phrases
More Adverb Phrases

Daily
Wa
Remember that an adverb phrase is a prepositional phrase used to

modify verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. Adverb phrases tell how,
when, where, how much, and why.
rm
-U
ps
Read the following sentences, paying close attention to the adverb

:G
ra
phrases in bold. Decide what the adverb phrase is doing in the sentence.
mm
ar
&U
On the line before each sentence, write how, when, where, how much, or why.
sage
______________ 1. Are you going to the mall later?
______________ 2. I crossed the finish line with great satisfaction.
64
______________ 3. We slept during our flight.

______________ 4. Because of our hunger, we ordered an appetizer.
______________ 5. I can pass the test with your help.
______________ 6. Mrs. Leland lives down the street.
2006 Walch P
ng
sh i
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Phrases
More Adverb Phrases

Daily
Wa
Remember that an adverb phrase is a prepositional phrase used to

modify verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. Adverb phrases tell how,
when, where, how much, and why.
rm
-U
ps
Read the following sentences, paying close attention to the adverb

:G
ra
phrases in bold. Decide what the adverb phrase is doing in the sentence.
mm
ar
&U
On the line before each sentence, write how, when, where, how much, or why.
sage
______________ 1. Are you going to the mall later?
______________ 2. I crossed the finish line with great satisfaction.
64
______________ 3. We slept during our flight.

______________ 4. Because of our hunger, we ordered an appetizer.
______________ 5. I can pass the test with your help.
______________ 6. Mrs. Leland lives down the street.
2006 Walch P
ng
sh i
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Phrases
Adjective Phrase or Adverb Phrase?
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Remember that an adjective phrase is a prepositional phrase used

to modify nouns or pronouns. Adjective phrases answer the
following questions: Which ones? and What kind? An adverb phrase
is a prepositional phrase used to modify verbs, adjectives, or adverbs.
Adverb phrases tell how, when, where, how much, and why.
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Read each of the following sentences and decide if it contains an adjective

phrase (ADJ) or an adverb phrase (ADV). Write the appropriate abbreviation on
the line before each sentence.
___ 1. The woman by the dock will be your instructor.
65
___ 2. The little girl talked during the whole movie.

___ 3. Will you please pick me up at 3:30?
___ 4. All of the tickets are sold out.
___ 5. You will get a detention because of your tardiness.
___ 6. The man with Joanna is her boyfriend.
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Phrases
Adjective Phrase or Adverb Phrase?
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Remember that an adjective phrase is a prepositional phrase used

to modify nouns or pronouns. Adjective phrases answer the
following questions: Which ones? and What kind? An adverb phrase
is a prepositional phrase used to modify verbs, adjectives, or adverbs.
Adverb phrases tell how, when, where, how much, and why.
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Read each of the following sentences and decide if it contains an adjective

phrase (ADJ) or an adverb phrase (ADV). Write the appropriate abbreviation on
the line before each sentence.
___ 1. The woman by the dock will be your instructor.
65
___ 2. The little girl talked during the whole movie.

___ 3. Will you please pick me up at 3:30?
___ 4. All of the tickets are sold out.
___ 5. You will get a detention because of your tardiness.
___ 6. The man with Joanna is her boyfriend.
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Phrases
Appositives and Appositive Phrases

Daily
An appositive is a noun or pronoun that identifies or explains

another noun or pronoun in the sentence. An appositive phrase is
a group of words that identifies or renames the noun or pronoun
that it follows.
Examples: My older sister, Sarah, works at the mall after
school. (appositive)
Sarah, my older sister, works at the mall after school.
(appositive phrase)
Wa
rm
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ps
:G
ra
mm
ar
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sage
Read the following sentences. Circle the appositives, and underline the
appositive phrases.
1. My brother, Tyrone, is going to college in the fall.
66
2. Have you read The Bell Jar, a book by Sylvia Plath?

3. Boston, the capital city of Massachusetts, is my favorite place to visit.
4. The guitar, my favorite instrument, is easy to play.
5. My physics teacher, Mr. Manchester, is out sick today.
2006 Walch P
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Phrases
Appositives and Appositive Phrases

Daily
An appositive is a noun or pronoun that identifies or explains

another noun or pronoun in the sentence. An appositive phrase is
a group of words that identifies or renames the noun or pronoun
that it follows.
Examples: My older sister, Sarah, works at the mall after
school. (appositive)
Sarah, my older sister, works at the mall after school.
(appositive phrase)
Wa
rm
-U
ps
:G
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Read the following sentences. Circle the appositives, and underline the
appositive phrases.
1. My brother, Tyrone, is going to college in the fall.
66
2. Have you read The Bell Jar, a book by Sylvia Plath?

3. Boston, the capital city of Massachusetts, is my favorite place to visit.
4. The guitar, my favorite instrument, is easy to play.
5. My physics teacher, Mr. Manchester, is out sick today.
2006 Walch P
sh
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i ng
Phrases
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Appositives and Commas
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Appositives and appositive phrases may or may not need to be set

off by commas. If an appositive contains information that is
necessary to understand the meaning of the sentence, no commas
are needed.
Example: Annes friend Michael helped her with the
assignment.
(Anne has more than one friend, so the
information is necessary.)
If an appositive contains information that is unnecessary to understand the meaning

of the sentence, commas should separate the appositive from the rest of the
sentence.
Example: Sashas mother, Chantal, just had an operation.
(Sasha only has one mother, so the information is unnecessary.)
67
Write five sentences of your own that contain appositives. Use commas when
appropriate.
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Walc
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Phrases
ma
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Usa
ge
Appositives and Commas
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Appositives and appositive phrases may or may not need to be set

off by commas. If an appositive contains information that is
necessary to understand the meaning of the sentence, no commas
are needed.
Example: Annes friend Michael helped her with the
assignment.
(Anne has more than one friend, so the
information is necessary.)
If an appositive contains information that is unnecessary to understand the meaning

of the sentence, commas should separate the appositive from the rest of the
sentence.
Example: Sashas mother, Chantal, just had an operation.
(Sasha only has one mother, so the information is unnecessary.)
67
Write five sentences of your own that contain appositives. Use commas when
appropriate.
200
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Walc
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Phrases
Adding Appositives
Daily
Wa
rm
Remember that an appositive is a noun or pronoun that identifies

or explains another noun or pronoun in the sentence. An
appositive phrase is a group of words that identifies or renames
the noun or pronoun that it follows.
-U
Rewrite each of the following sentences with an appositive or an

appositive phrase. Be sure to use commas properly.
ps
:G
ra
mm
ar
1. When I was much younger, my family went to Disney World on vacation.
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2. Kerri plans to attend New York University in the fall.

3. My parents grew up in Washington state.
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4. Derek Jeter has been an all-star shortstop for many years.

5. I have to e-mail my chemistry teacher to ask her about our assignment.
2006 Walch P
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Phrases
Adding Appositives
Daily
rm
-U
:G
ps
Rewrite each of the following sentences with an appositive or an

appositive phrase. Be sure to use commas properly.
Wa
Remember that an appositive is a noun or pronoun that identifies

or explains another noun or pronoun in the sentence. An
appositive phrase is a group of words that identifies or renames
the noun or pronoun that it follows.
1. When I was much younger, my family went to Disney World on vacation.
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
2. Kerri plans to attend New York University in the fall.

3. My parents grew up in Washington state.
68
4. Derek Jeter has been an all-star shortstop for many years.

5. I have to e-mail my chemistry teacher to ask her about our assignment.
2006 Walch P
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Phrases
Appositives and appositive phrases can be used to eliminate short

sentences. Combine the following sentences by using appositives.
Be sure to use commas properly.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Making Appositives
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
1. We had brownie sundaes for dessert. They are my favorite.
2. Sophie is my cousin. She plays the violin well.
3. I read a great book last week. It was called The Joy Luck Club.
4. Have you seen Pedro? He is my parents friend.
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5. The Morins are moving next week. They are our neighbors.
6. Britney pulled a ligament in a race. She is a skier.
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Phrases
Appositives and appositive phrases can be used to eliminate short

sentences. Combine the following sentences by using appositives.
Be sure to use commas properly.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Making Appositives
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
1. We had brownie sundaes for dessert. They are my favorite.
2. Sophie is my cousin. She plays the violin well.
3. I read a great book last week. It was called The Joy Luck Club.
4. Have you seen Pedro? He is my parents friend.
69
5. The Morins are moving next week. They are our neighbors.
6. Britney pulled a ligament in a race. She is a skier.
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Phrases
Participles
Daily
Wa
A verbal is a verb form used as another part of speech. A verbal

phrase is a verbal with modifiers. There are three types of verbals:
participles, gerunds, and infinitives.
rm
-U
A participle is a verb form that is used as an adjective. This means

that it describes a noun or a pronoun. A participle answers the
questions Which one(s)? and What kind?
Examples: broken leg, failing students
ps
:G
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Participles take two forms: present and past. Present participles end in -ing, and
past participles usually end in -ed. Sometimes past participles have more irregular
endings such as -n, -t, or -en.
Read the following sentences. Underline the participles.
70
1. I ate burnt toast for breakfast this morning.

2. The motorcycle came to a screeching stop.
3. The howling wolf scared the camping family.
4. His torn shirt was a result of the accident.
2006 Walch P
ng
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Phrases
Participles
Daily
Wa
A verbal is a verb form used as another part of speech. A verbal

phrase is a verbal with modifiers. There are three types of verbals:
participles, gerunds, and infinitives.
rm
-U
:G
ps
A participle is a verb form that is used as an adjective. This means

that it describes a noun or a pronoun. A participle answers the
questions Which one(s)? and What kind?
Examples: broken leg, failing students
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Participles take two forms: present and past. Present participles end in -ing, and
past participles usually end in -ed. Sometimes past participles have more irregular
endings such as -n, -t, or -en.
Read the following sentences. Underline the participles.
70
1. I ate burnt toast for breakfast this morning.

2. The motorcycle came to a screeching stop.
3. The howling wolf scared the camping family.
4. His torn shirt was a result of the accident.
2006 Walch P
ng
sh i
ubli
Phrases
Remember that participles take two forms: present and past.

Present participles end in -ing, and past participles usually end in
-ed. Sometimes past participles have more irregular endings such as
-n, -t, or -en.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Participle Fill-in
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Add a participle to each of the following nouns.
1. ______________ rain
7. ______________ house
2. ______________ students
8. ______________ blanket
3. ______________ sun
9. ______________ bird
4. ______________ car
10. ______________ ocean
5. ______________ road
11. ______________ food
6. ______________ dog
12. ______________ boat
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Walc
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Phrases
Remember that participles take two forms: present and past.

Present participles end in -ing, and past participles usually end in
-ed. Sometimes past participles have more irregular endings such as
-n, -t, or -en.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Participle Fill-in
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Add a participle to each of the following nouns.
1. ______________ rain
7. ______________ house
2. ______________ students
8. ______________ blanket
3. ______________ sun
9. ______________ bird
4. ______________ car
10. ______________ ocean
5. ______________ road
11. ______________ food
6. ______________ dog
12. ______________ boat
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Phrases
Participial Phrases
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A participial phrase is a phrase that works as an adjective. The

phrase contains a participle and its complement(s) and modifies
the subject of the sentence.
Examples: Racing around the track, the horse moved into
first place.
The party, hosted by Jasmine, was a great success.
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Read the following sentences. Underline the participial phrases and circle the
words they modify.
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1. Driving to school, Raymond realized he forgot his homework.
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2. Reviewing her notes, Jackie felt ready for the test.

3. The test, printed on both sides of the paper, took me two hours.
4. Tired from his long day, Kasim rested on the couch.
5. Mrs. Goodman, walking up and down the aisles, lectured us on plagiarism.
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Phrases
Participial Phrases
Daily
Wa
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-U
:G
ps
A participial phrase is a phrase that works as an adjective. The

phrase contains a participle and its complement(s) and modifies
the subject of the sentence.
Examples: Racing around the track, the horse moved into
first place.
The party, hosted by Jasmine, was a great success.
ra
mm
Read the following sentences. Underline the participial phrases and circle the
words they modify.
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1. Driving to school, Raymond realized he forgot his homework.
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2. Reviewing her notes, Jackie felt ready for the test.

3. The test, printed on both sides of the paper, took me two hours.
4. Tired from his long day, Kasim rested on the couch.
5. Mrs. Goodman, walking up and down the aisles, lectured us on plagiarism.
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Phrases
Commas in Participial Phrases
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When a participial phrase comes at the beginning of a sentence, it

is followed by a comma. When it comes in the middle of a
sentence, it may or may not need a comma. If the information in
the phrase is necessary for the sentence to make sense, no commas
are needed.
Example: The child swimming in the lake is my younger brother.
Daily
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s:
If the information in the phrase is unnecessary for the sentence to make

sense, then the phrase should be set off by commas.
Example: My brother, swimming in the lake, turns seven next month.
Read the following sentences. Underline the participial phrases and add any
necessary commas.
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1. Landing safely on the runway the plane neared the airport.

2. The children covered in mud ran through the kitchen.
3. The vegetables grown in my garden are organic.
4. The students talking during the movie had to stay after class.
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Phrases
Commas in Participial Phrases
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When a participial phrase comes at the beginning of a sentence, it

is followed by a comma. When it comes in the middle of a
sentence, it may or may not need a comma. If the information in
the phrase is necessary for the sentence to make sense, no commas
are needed.
Example: The child swimming in the lake is my younger brother.
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
If the information in the phrase is unnecessary for the sentence to make

sense, then the phrase should be set off by commas.
Example: My brother, swimming in the lake, turns seven next month.
Read the following sentences. Underline the participial phrases and add any
necessary commas.
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1. Landing safely on the runway the plane neared the airport.

2. The children covered in mud ran through the kitchen.
3. The vegetables grown in my garden are organic.
4. The students talking during the movie had to stay after class.
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Phrases
Gerunds
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Read the following sentences. Put a check mark next to those that
contain a gerund.
Daily
A gerund is a verb that is used as a noun. Gerunds are usually

created by adding -ing.
___ 1. Mia was running down the soccer field.
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___ 2. Talking on instant messenger and writing e-mails are

my favorite things to do after school.
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___ 3. Brian enjoys walking to work when it isnt raining.

___ 4. Dinah was caught cheating on the test.
___ 5. Malcolms favorite activity is swimming.
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Now write two sentences about yourself using gerunds.
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Phrases
Gerunds
Wa
-U
___ 2. Talking on instant messenger and writing e-mails are

my favorite things to do after school.
___ 3. Brian enjoys walking to work when it isnt raining.
___ 4. Dinah was caught cheating on the test.
___ 5. Malcolms favorite activity is swimming.
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Now write two sentences about yourself using gerunds.
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___ 1. Mia was running down the soccer field.
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contain a gerund.
Daily
A gerund is a verb that is used as a noun. Gerunds are usually

created by adding -ing.
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Phrases
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Gerund Phrases
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s:
A gerund phrase is a phrase that contains a gerund and its

complements to make up a noun.
Examples: Backpacking across Europe is certainly a great
idea.
Drawing portraits is Annas favorite thing to do.
Read the following sentences. Underline the gerund phrases.
1. Hiking up the mountain will be difficult for my mother because she has a
bad back.
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2. I was doing my homework for four hours last night.

3. I found my father outside raking the lawn.
4. Flying over the Grand Canyon was an amazing experience.
5. I think smoking cigarettes is disgusting.
6. Pushing this button will turn off the computer.
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Phrases
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Gerund Phrases
Daily
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Gr
s:
A gerund phrase is a phrase that contains a gerund and its

complements to make up a noun.
idea.
Read the following sentences. Underline the gerund phrases.
1. Hiking up the mountain will be difficult for my mother because she has a
bad back.
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2. I was doing my homework for four hours last night.

3. I found my father outside raking the lawn.
4. Flying over the Grand Canyon was an amazing experience.
5. I think smoking cigarettes is disgusting.
6. Pushing this button will turn off the computer.
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Phrases
Writing Gerund Phrases

Daily
Wa
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Remember that a gerund phrase is a phrase that contains a gerund

and its complements to make up a noun.
idea.
Use the -ing words below to write sentences containing gerund phrases.
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1. traveling
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2. identifying
3. working
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4. writing
5. camping
ng
6.
collecting
Phrases
Writing Gerund Phrases

Daily
3. working
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4. writing
5. camping
ng
6.
collecting
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ps
2. identifying
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1. traveling
rm
Use the -ing words below to write sentences containing gerund phrases.
Wa
Remember that a gerund phrase is a phrase that contains a gerund

and its complements to make up a noun.
idea.
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Phrases
Participles that end in -ing can be easily confused with gerunds.

Participles are used as adjectives, and gerunds are used as nouns.
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Confusing Participles and Gerunds
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War
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:G
Read the following sentences. Write P on the line if the sentence

contains a participle, and write G on the line if the sentence contains
a gerund.
___ 1. Talking during class is not allowed unless you are called on.
___ 2. The winding road was dangerous to drive.
___ 3. Aware of the approaching snowstorm, the students hoped school would
be canceled.
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___ 4. Terri enjoys kayaking during the summer.

___ 5. You spend too much time playing video games.
___ 6. The freezing rain made the roads very slick.
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Phrases
Participles that end in -ing can be easily confused with gerunds.

Participles are used as adjectives, and gerunds are used as nouns.
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Confusing Participles and Gerunds
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War
Daily
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Up
:G
Read the following sentences. Write P on the line if the sentence

contains a participle, and write G on the line if the sentence contains
a gerund.
___ 1. Talking during class is not allowed unless you are called on.
___ 2. The winding road was dangerous to drive.
___ 3. Aware of the approaching snowstorm, the students hoped school would
be canceled.
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___ 4. Terri enjoys kayaking during the summer.

___ 5. You spend too much time playing video games.
___ 6. The freezing rain made the roads very slick.
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Phrases
Infinitives
Daily
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An infinitive is a verb form that usually begins with the word to

and is used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Infinitives are
often confused with prepositional phrases because they both start
with to.
Examples: I love to play field hockey. (infinitive)
You should come to my next field hockey game.
(prepositional phrase)
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Find a paper or essay that you have recently written. Label all the infinitives with
an I and all the prepositional phrases with a P.
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Phrases
Infinitives
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
An infinitive is a verb form that usually begins with the word to

and is used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Infinitives are
often confused with prepositional phrases because they both start
with to.
Examples: I love to play field hockey. (infinitive)
You should come to my next field hockey game.
(prepositional phrase)
ra
mm
ar
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sage
Find a paper or essay that you have recently written. Label all the infinitives with
an I and all the prepositional phrases with a P.
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Phrases
Remember that an infinitive is a verb form that usually begins

with the word to and is used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
An infinitive phrase contains an infinitive and its modifiers.
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Infinitive Phrases
ma
Examples: I asked Mr. Aube to explain the worksheet.

We went to see a play for our class field trip.
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s:
Read the following sentences. Underline the infinitive phrases.
1. I asked you to speak clearly.

2. I would like to send flowers to the neighbors.
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3. To pass the test requires several hours of studying.

4. I want to try surfing when we go to Hawaii.
5. To avoid getting in trouble, Claire lied about where she had been.
6. I have been known to change my mind.
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Phrases
Remember that an infinitive is a verb form that usually begins

with the word to and is used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
An infinitive phrase contains an infinitive and its modifiers.
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Infinitive Phrases
Daily
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s:
Examples: I asked Mr. Aube to explain the worksheet.

We went to see a play for our class field trip.
Read the following sentences. Underline the infinitive phrases.
1. I asked you to speak clearly.

2. I would like to send flowers to the neighbors.
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3. To pass the test requires several hours of studying.

4. I want to try surfing when we go to Hawaii.
5. To avoid getting in trouble, Claire lied about where she had been.
6. I have been known to change my mind.
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Phrases
Reviewing Verbals
Daily
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Remember that verbals are verb forms that are used as another
part of speech. These include participles, gerunds, and infinitives.
Participles are used as adjectives; gerunds are used as nouns; and
infinitives begin with to and are used as nouns, adjectives, or
adverbs.
Read the following sentences and decide what type of verbal each
sentence contains. Write P for participle, G for gerund, and I for infinitive.
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___ 1. Skiing is my favorite winter sport.
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___ 2. That team will be hard to beat.

___ 3. You can walk out on the frozen lake.
___ 4. The child was afraid of the barking dog.
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___ 5. Riding my bike is something I dont do nearly enough.

___ 6. The birthday card, written in cursive, looked odd.
___ 7. That chicken has to be eaten before it spoils.
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___ 8. Will you please try to help me?
Phrases
Reviewing Verbals
Daily
Wa
rm
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Read the following sentences and decide what type of verbal each
sentence contains. Write P for participle, G for gerund, and I for infinitive.
:G
ps
Remember that verbals are verb forms that are used as another
part of speech. These include participles, gerunds, and infinitives.
Participles are used as adjectives; gerunds are used as nouns; and
infinitives begin with to and are used as nouns, adjectives, or
adverbs.
___ 1. Skiing is my favorite winter sport.

___ 2. That team will be hard to beat.
___ 3. You can walk out on the frozen lake.
___ 4. The child was afraid of the barking dog.
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___ 5. Riding my bike is something I dont do nearly enough.

___ 6. The birthday card, written in cursive, looked odd.
___ 7. That chicken has to be eaten before it spoils.
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___ 8. Will you please try to help me?
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Clauses
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Introduction to Clauses
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s:
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. A

clause is different from a phrase in that it contains a subject and a
verb, and a phrase does not. Like phrases, clauses can be used as
nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.
Examples: Ill take a shower after breakfast. (phrase)
Ill take a shower after I eat breakfast. (clause)
(I is the subject of the clause, and eat is the verb.)
Read the following phrases and clauses. Write P on the line for each phrase and
C for each clause.
___ 1. when you finish
___ 5. after school
___ 2. to the mall
___ 6. by the stairs
___ 3. the librarian at school
___ 7. as Rico drove by
___ 4. before Carrie went to sleep
___ 8. when I wake up
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Clauses
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Introduction to Clauses
Daily
mWar
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Gr
s:
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. A

clause is different from a phrase in that it contains a subject and a
verb, and a phrase does not. Like phrases, clauses can be used as
nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.
Examples: Ill take a shower after breakfast. (phrase)
Ill take a shower after I eat breakfast. (clause)
(I is the subject of the clause, and eat is the verb.)
Read the following phrases and clauses. Write P on the line for each phrase and
C for each clause.
___ 1. when you finish
___ 5. after school
___ 2. to the mall
___ 6. by the stairs
___ 3. the librarian at school
___ 7. as Rico drove by
___ 4. before Carrie went to sleep
___ 8. when I wake up
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Clauses
Independent Clauses
Daily
Wa
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An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence because it

expresses a complete thought. It is also known as the main clause
of the sentence. If an independent clause stands alone, it is called a
sentence. If it is paired with another clause, it is called a clause.
-U
Examples: Julio went to practice, and Kara went home. (clause)

Julio went to practice. Kara went home. (sentence)
ps
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Combine the following sentences into independent clauses.
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1. I am going to bed. You should, too.

____________________________________________________________
2. Grants birthday is in April. Selims is in May.
____________________________________________________________
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3. I have Mr. Lopez for English. My sister has Mrs. Thomas.

____________________________________________________________
4. My favorite class is biology. Shannons is geometry.
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____________________________________________________________
Clauses
Independent Clauses
Daily
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Examples: Julio went to practice, and Kara went home. (clause)

Julio went to practice. Kara went home. (sentence)
rm
An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence because it

expresses a complete thought. It is also known as the main clause
of the sentence. If an independent clause stands alone, it is called a
sentence. If it is paired with another clause, it is called a clause.
Combine the following sentences into independent clauses.
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1. I am going to bed. You should, too.

____________________________________________________________
2. Grants birthday is in April. Selims is in May.
____________________________________________________________
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3. I have Mr. Lopez for English. My sister has Mrs. Thomas.

____________________________________________________________
4. My favorite class is biology. Shannons is geometry.
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____________________________________________________________
Clauses
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Subordinate Clauses
Daily
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Gr
s:
A subordinate clause cannot stand alone as a sentence. It does

not express a complete thought. Subordinate clauses are also called
dependent clauses because they depend on another clause to form a
complete sentence.
Example: After he ran, Cameron took a shower. (After he
ran does not express a complete thought.)
Rewrite the following sentences with subordinate clauses.
1. Lian got his license.

______________________________________________________
2. We rented a movie last night.
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_____________________________________________________________
3. Lena got a letter from Clemson University.
_____________________________________________________________
4. Please set the table.
_____________________________________________________________
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Clauses
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Subordinate Clauses
Daily
mWar
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Gr
s:
A subordinate clause cannot stand alone as a sentence. It does

not express a complete thought. Subordinate clauses are also called
dependent clauses because they depend on another clause to form a
complete sentence.
Example: After he ran, Cameron took a shower. (After he
ran does not express a complete thought.)
Rewrite the following sentences with subordinate clauses.
1. Lian got his license.

______________________________________________________
2. We rented a movie last night.
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_____________________________________________________________
3. Lena got a letter from Clemson University.
_____________________________________________________________
4. Please set the table.
_____________________________________________________________
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Clauses
Independent or Subordinate?
Daily
Wa
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:G
ps
Remember that a clause is a group of words that contains a subject

and a verb. An independent clause is the main clause of a
sentence. It expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a
sentence. A subordinate clause cannot stand alone. It needs to be
paired with an independent clause to make a complete sentence.
Example: After he finished his homework, Theo ate dinner.

(subordinate clause)
(independent clause)
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Read each of the following clauses. Write I on the line if it is an independent

clause and S on the line if it is a subordinate clause.
___ 1. because we were running late
___ 2. Devon brought his laptop to class
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___ 3. after you get the directions

___ 4. he asked me to help him
___ 5. we watched television for most of the night
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___ 6. when the airplane landed
Clauses
Independent or Subordinate?
Daily
rm
-U
:G
ps
Example: After he finished his homework, Theo ate dinner.

(subordinate clause)
(independent clause)
Wa
Remember that a clause is a group of words that contains a subject

and a verb. An independent clause is the main clause of a
sentence. It expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a
sentence. A subordinate clause cannot stand alone. It needs to be
paired with an independent clause to make a complete sentence.
ra
Read each of the following clauses. Write I on the line if it is an independent

clause and S on the line if it is a subordinate clause.
___ 1. because we were running late
___ 2. Devon brought his laptop to class
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___ 3. after you get the directions

___ 4. he asked me to help him
___ 5. we watched television for most of the night
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___ 6. when the airplane landed
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Clauses
Adverb Clauses
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Subordinate clauses can be used as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.

An adverb clause is a clause that acts as a verb and modifies a
verb, adjective, or adverb. It usually modifies a verb. An adverb
clause answers How? When? Where? Why? How much? and Under
what condition?
Example: Stay away from a dog when its growling.
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Underline the adverb clauses in the following sentences.
1. We will leave whenever your mother gets home.
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2. Well take the bus if it rains tomorrow.

3. I put my essay in my bag so I wouldnt forget it.
4. They got to the movie after it had started.
5. You grill the steak while I make the salad.
6. Take the cookies out of the oven before they burn.
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Clauses
Adverb Clauses
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Subordinate clauses can be used as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.

An adverb clause is a clause that acts as a verb and modifies a
verb, adjective, or adverb. It usually modifies a verb. An adverb
clause answers How? When? Where? Why? How much? and Under
what condition?
Example: Stay away from a dog when its growling.
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Underline the adverb clauses in the following sentences.
1. We will leave whenever your mother gets home.
85
2. Well take the bus if it rains tomorrow.

3. I put my essay in my bag so I wouldnt forget it.
4. They got to the movie after it had started.
5. You grill the steak while I make the salad.
6. Take the cookies out of the oven before they burn.
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Clauses
Modifying Adjectives and Adverbs

Daily
Wa
rm
Most adverb clauses modify verbs, but some modify adjectives

and adverbs.
Examples: My sister is older than I am. (adjective)
You drove more carefully than I did. (adverb)
-U
ps
:G
Write five sentences of your own containing adverb clauses that modify
adjectives and adverbs.
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Clauses
Modifying Adjectives and Adverbs

Daily
Wa
rm
Most adverb clauses modify verbs, but some modify adjectives

and adverbs.
Examples: My sister is older than I am. (adjective)
You drove more carefully than I did. (adverb)
-U
ps
:G
Write five sentences of your own containing adverb clauses that modify
adjectives and adverbs.
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Clauses
before
until
although
if
when
as
since
whenever
as if
than
where
as though
though
wherever
because
unless
while
r&
after
Daily
mWar
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Gr
s:
An adverb clause begins with a subordinating conjunction. Look

at the list of subordinating conjunctions below.
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Subordinating Conjunctions
Use the list above to write five sentences that contain adverb clauses. Underline the
subordinating conjunction, and circle the word that the clause modifies.
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Clauses
before
until
although
if
when
as
since
whenever
as if
than
where
as though
though
wherever
because
unless
while
r&
after
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
An adverb clause begins with a subordinating conjunction. Look

at the list of subordinating conjunctions below.
ma
Usa
ge
Subordinating Conjunctions
Use the list above to write five sentences that contain adverb clauses. Underline the
subordinating conjunction, and circle the word that the clause modifies.
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Clauses
Adjective Clauses
Daily
Wa
rm
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:G
ps
An adjective clause is a type of subordinate clause that is used to

modify a noun or a pronoun. The clause is used as an adjective.
Adjective clauses answer Which one(s)? and What kind?
Example: The person who is at the door is looking
for Mom.
Underline the adjective clauses in the following sentences.
ra
1. The book, which is downstairs on the coffee table, only took a few hours
to read.
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2. Andy is driving a car that has a headlight out.

3. The man who got in the car accident was rushed to the hospital.
4. This is the route that we take every day.
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5. I am looking for the student who wrote this paper.

6. I like a teacher who takes a hands-on approach.
7. The shoes that I just bought are extremely uncomfortable.
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8. The teacher who gave that assignment is Mr. McDonald.
Clauses
Adjective Clauses
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
An adjective clause is a type of subordinate clause that is used to

modify a noun or a pronoun. The clause is used as an adjective.
Adjective clauses answer Which one(s)? and What kind?
Example: The person who is at the door is looking
for Mom.
Underline the adjective clauses in the following sentences.
ra
1. The book, which is downstairs on the coffee table, only took a few hours
to read.
2. Andy is driving a car that has a headlight out.
3. The man who got in the car accident was rushed to the hospital.
4. This is the route that we take every day.
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5. I am looking for the student who wrote this paper.

6. I like a teacher who takes a hands-on approach.
7. The shoes that I just bought are extremely uncomfortable.
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8. The teacher who gave that assignment is Mr. McDonald.
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Clauses
More Adjective Clauses
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Remember that an adjective clause is a type of subordinate clause

that is used to modify a noun or a pronoun. Adjective clauses
usually begin with relative pronouns. These include who, whom,
whose, which, and that. Adjective clauses can also begin with when
and where.
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Read the following sentences. Underline the adjective clauses. Circle the
relative pronouns.
1. Are those the shoes that you bought last week?
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2. You got the shoes when we went shopping, right?

3. Here is where we stayed for the wedding.
4. The college that Isabel attends is in New York.
5. Everyone who passed the test will not have to take the final.
6. We ate pizza, which was left over from dinner, for lunch.
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Clauses
More Adjective Clauses
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r&
Usa
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Remember that an adjective clause is a type of subordinate clause

that is used to modify a noun or a pronoun. Adjective clauses
usually begin with relative pronouns. These include who, whom,
whose, which, and that. Adjective clauses can also begin with when
and where.
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Read the following sentences. Underline the adjective clauses. Circle the
relative pronouns.
1. Are those the shoes that you bought last week?
89
2. You got the shoes when we went shopping, right?

3. Here is where we stayed for the wedding.
4. The college that Isabel attends is in New York.
5. Everyone who passed the test will not have to take the final.
6. We ate pizza, which was left over from dinner, for lunch.
200
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Clauses
Combining Adjective Clauses
which
that
when
where
-U
whose
rm
whom
Wa
who
Daily
Adjective clauses can be used to create more interesting sentences.

Use adjective clauses to combine the following sentences. Use the
words in the box below to begin the clauses.
ps
:G
1. The waiter brought us our breakfast. His name escapes me.

_________________________________________________________
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mm
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2. The store is in the mall. I bought my jeans there.
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______________________________________________________________________
3. My mother rented me a movie. It is about airplanes.
_______________________________________________________________
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4. The restaurant was shut down. The customers got food poisoning.
______________________________________________________________
5. My sister goes everywhere in her car. She bought it herself.
2006 Walch P
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ng
Clauses
Combining Adjective Clauses
which
that
when
where
-U
whose
rm
whom
Wa
who
Daily
Adjective clauses can be used to create more interesting sentences.

Use adjective clauses to combine the following sentences. Use the
words in the box below to begin the clauses.
:G
ps
1. The waiter brought us our breakfast. His name escapes me.

_________________________________________________________
ra
mm
2. The store is in the mall. I bought my jeans there.
ar
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______________________________________________________________________
3. My mother rented me a movie. It is about airplanes.
_______________________________________________________________
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4. The restaurant was shut down. The customers got food poisoning.
______________________________________________________________
5. My sister goes everywhere in her car. She bought it herself.
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______________________________________________________________
Clauses
ma
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Adjective Clauses and Commas
Daily
War
p
-U
Gr
s:
Adjective clauses do not need to be set off by commas if the

information in the clause is necessary for the sentence to make
sense.
Example: The person who robbed the bank is from a
neighboring town.
Adjective clauses should be set off by commas if the clause contains

information that is not necessary to make sense of the sentence.
Example: The bank robber, who is from a neighboring
town, got away with over $10,000.
Read the following sentences. Add commas where necessary.

1. Our neighbor who makes a great apple pie is Mrs. Kimball.
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2. The woman who makes the apple pie is Mrs. Kimball.

3. That book which is the best book I have ever read is over there.
4. The place where she works is all the way on the other side of town.
5. The dog that bit me now has to wear a muzzle.
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Clauses
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Adjective Clauses and Commas
Daily
War
p
-U
Gr
s:
Adjective clauses do not need to be set off by commas if the

information in the clause is necessary for the sentence to make
sense.
Example: The person who robbed the bank is from a
neighboring town.
Adjective clauses should be set off by commas if the clause contains

information that is not necessary to make sense of the sentence.
Example: The bank robber, who is from a neighboring
town, got away with over $10,000.
Read the following sentences. Add commas where necessary.

1. Our neighbor who makes a great apple pie is Mrs. Kimball.
91
2. The woman who makes the apple pie is Mrs. Kimball.

3. That book which is the best book I have ever read is over there.
4. The place where she works is all the way on the other side of town.
5. The dog that bit me now has to wear a muzzle.
200
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Clauses
Noun Clauses
Daily
A noun clause is a subordinate clause that can be used as a noun

or a pronoun. It can be a subject, predicate nominative, direct
object, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition.
Example: Whatever you want to do is okay with me.
Wa
rm
-U
Noun clauses can begin with the same words that begin adjective
clauses. They may begin with any of the words in the box below.
what
whatever
when
where
whether
which
who
whoever
whom
ps
how
if
that
:G
ra
mm
whomever
whose
why
ar
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sage
Underline the noun clauses in the following sentences.

1. How much I weigh is none of your business.
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2. The award goes to whoever writes the best essay.

3. A quick dinner is what I can handle right now.
4. Do you know where diamonds are found?
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5. Everyone wants to know how he did the trick.
Clauses
Noun Clauses
Daily
A noun clause is a subordinate clause that can be used as a noun

or a pronoun. It can be a subject, predicate nominative, direct
object, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition.
Example: Whatever you want to do is okay with me.
Wa
rm
-U
Noun clauses can begin with the same words that begin adjective
clauses. They may begin with any of the words in the box below.
what
whatever
when
where
whether
which
who
whoever
whom
ps
how
if
that
:G
whomever
whose
why
Underline the noun clauses in the following sentences.

1. How much I weigh is none of your business.
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2. The award goes to whoever writes the best essay.

3. A quick dinner is what I can handle right now.
4. Do you know where diamonds are found?
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5. Everyone wants to know how he did the trick.
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sage
Clauses
Remember that a noun clause is a subordinate clause that can be

used as a noun or a pronoun.
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Writing Noun Clauses
Add a noun clause to complete each sentence below. Write the

sentence on the line.
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War
Daily
m-
s
Up
:G
1. her struggle is ____________________________________________________
2. do you know _______________________________________________________

3. is an accomplishment ____________________________________________
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4. the money will go to ____________________________________________

5. is a mystery to us ______________________________________________
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Clauses
Remember that a noun clause is a subordinate clause that can be

used as a noun or a pronoun.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Writing Noun Clauses
ra
War
Daily
m-
s
Up
:G
Add a noun clause to complete each sentence below. Write the

1. her struggle is ____________________________________________________
2. do you know _______________________________________________________

3. is an accomplishment ____________________________________________
93
4. the money will go to ____________________________________________

5. is a mystery to us ______________________________________________
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Clauses
Subordinate Clause Review

Daily
Wa
rm
Remember that an adverb clause is a clause that acts as a verb and

modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb. An adjective clause is a
clause that is used to modify a noun or a pronoun. A noun clause
is a clause that can be used as a noun or a pronoun.
-U
Decide what type of subordinate clause each of the following

sentences contains. Write ADV for adverb clause, ADJ for adjective
clause, and N for noun clause.
ps
:G
ra
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_____ 1. The man who works behind the counter is my uncle.
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_____ 2. How you want to pay me back is up to you.

_____ 3. You can go if you finish your homework in time.
_____ 4. I was late because I overslept.
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_____ 5. The man who is at the door wants to see you.

_____ 6. Did you know that we can stay an extra day?
_____ 7. I have a lot of homework that I have to do tonight.
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_____ 8. We left as soon as the concert ended.
Clauses
Subordinate Clause Review

Daily
Wa
rm

-U
:G
ps
Decide what type of subordinate clause each of the following

sentences contains. Write ADV for adverb clause, ADJ for adjective
clause, and N for noun clause.
_____ 1. The man who works behind the counter is my uncle.

_____ 2. How you want to pay me back is up to you.
_____ 3. You can go if you finish your homework in time.
_____ 4. I was late because I overslept.
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_____ 5. The man who is at the door wants to see you.

_____ 6. Did you know that we can stay an extra day?
_____ 7. I have a lot of homework that I have to do tonight.
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_____ 8. We left as soon as the concert ended.
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Clauses

ma
r&
Usa
ge
Writing Subordinate Clauses
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
In the space below, write two sentences that contain adverb clauses, two
that contain adjective clauses, and two that contain noun clauses.
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Walc
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Clauses

ma
r&
Usa
ge
Writing Subordinate Clauses
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
In the space below, write two sentences that contain adverb clauses, two
that contain adjective clauses, and two that contain noun clauses.
95
200
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Walc
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Clauses
Simple and Compound Sentences
Wa
rm
-U
A simple sentence can have a compound subject and a

compound verb.
Daily
A simple sentence contains one independent clause.

Example: The dog is barking.
ps
:G
A compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses.

Example: The dog is barking, and it has been all afternoon.
ra
mm
Read the following sentences. Write S on the line if it is a simple sentence.

Write C if it is a compound sentence.
ar
&U
sage
___ 1. Sean and Talisha are best friends.

___ 2. I like to snowboard in the winter, and I like to skateboard in the summer.
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___ 3. Donald finished his test and handed it to his teacher.

___ 4. You drive the car, and Ill walk.
___ 5. Luis, Beatrix, and Rose all ran in the race.
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___ 6. I went to the mall first, and then I stopped at the grocery store.
Clauses
Simple and Compound Sentences
Wa
rm
-U
A simple sentence can have a compound subject and a

compound verb.
Daily
A simple sentence contains one independent clause.

Example: The dog is barking.
:G
ps
A compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses.

Example: The dog is barking, and it has been all afternoon.
Read the following sentences. Write S on the line if it is a simple sentence.
Write C if it is a compound sentence.
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
___ 1. Sean and Talisha are best friends.

___ 2. I like to snowboard in the winter, and I like to skateboard in the summer.
96
___ 3. Donald finished his test and handed it to his teacher.

___ 4. You drive the car, and Ill walk.
___ 5. Luis, Beatrix, and Rose all ran in the race.
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___ 6. I went to the mall first, and then I stopped at the grocery store.
Clauses
ma
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Complex and Compound-Complex
r
:G
s
p
-U
m
r
Wa
Daily
A complex sentence contains one independent clause and one or

more subordinate clauses.
Example: Although I have been to the beach several times
this week, I want to go again today.
A compound-complex sentence contains two or more independent

clauses and one or more subordinate clauses.
Example: If you are late for school today, you will miss your test, and
you will probably get a detention.
Read the following sentences. Write C on the line for complex or CC on the line for
compound-complex.
___ 1. I like cake a lot more than I like ice cream.
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___ 2. Nicole went to school, but Dave stayed home because he had the flu.
___ 3. If you go see a movie, you have to take your brother, and he has to sit
with you.
___ 4. Because you stayed home from school today, you cannot go out tonight.
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Walc
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Clauses
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Complex and Compound-Complex
r
:G
s
p
-U
m
r
Wa
Daily
A complex sentence contains one independent clause and one or

more subordinate clauses.
Example: Although I have been to the beach several times
this week, I want to go again today.
A compound-complex sentence contains two or more independent

clauses and one or more subordinate clauses.
Example: If you are late for school today, you will miss your test, and
you will probably get a detention.
Read the following sentences. Write C on the line for complex or CC on the line for
compound-complex.
___ 1. I like cake a lot more than I like ice cream.
97
___ 2. Nicole went to school, but Dave stayed home because he had the flu.
___ 3. If you go see a movie, you have to take your brother, and he has to sit
with you.
___ 4. Because you stayed home from school today, you cannot go out tonight.
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Walc
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Clauses
Clause Fragments
Daily
Wa
A fragment is not a complete sentence. It does not express a

complete thought. Turn the following fragments into complete
sentences. Write the sentence on the line.
rm
-U
1. I forgot your birthday. Because I didnt write it on my calendar.
ps
:G
_____________________________________________________
2. Here is my history paper. That you wanted to read before I handed
it in.
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_________________________________________________________________
3. Grandma brought strawberry pie. Which was a big hit.
_________________________________________________________________
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4. Since it is raining. We are going to the movies instead.

______________________________________________________________
5. Where is Monica? Who was supposed to help me study.
______________________________________________________________
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Clauses
Clause Fragments
Daily
Wa
A fragment is not a complete sentence. It does not express a

complete thought. Turn the following fragments into complete
sentences. Write the sentence on the line.
rm
-U
1. I forgot your birthday. Because I didnt write it on my calendar.
:G
ps
_____________________________________________________
2. Here is my history paper. That you wanted to read before I handed
it in.
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
_________________________________________________________________
3. Grandma brought strawberry pie. Which was a big hit.
_________________________________________________________________
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4. Since it is raining. We are going to the movies instead.

______________________________________________________________
5. Where is Monica? Who was supposed to help me study.
______________________________________________________________
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Clauses
A run-on sentence is two or more sentences that are written as

one sentence. Correct the following run-on sentences. Write the
ma
r&
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Run-on Sentences
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
1. I broke my leg, the doctor took an X ray.

_______________________________________________________
2. Kyle got a new laptop he uses it all the time.

_______________________________________________________
3. Thanh went to bed early he wasnt feeling well.

_____________________________________________________________
99
4. Angela wrote a short story, she won an award for it.

_____________________________________________________________
5. Samantha got her license she practiced for hours the day before her test.
_____________________________________________________________
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Walc
h Publish ing
Clauses
A run-on sentence is two or more sentences that are written as

one sentence. Correct the following run-on sentences. Write the
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Run-on Sentences
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
1. I broke my leg, the doctor took an X ray.

_______________________________________________________
2. Kyle got a new laptop he uses it all the time.

_______________________________________________________
3. Thanh went to bed early he wasnt feeling well.

_____________________________________________________________
99
4. Angela wrote a short story, she won an award for it.

_____________________________________________________________
5. Samantha got her license she practiced for hours the day before her test.
_____________________________________________________________
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Walc
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Clauses
Fragments and Run-ons

Daily
Wa
Create three sentence fragments and three run-on sentences.

Then exchange your sentences with a classmate and correct his
or her sentences.
rm
-U
ps
:G
ra
mm
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sage
100
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Clauses
Fragments and Run-ons

Daily
Wa
Create three sentence fragments and three run-on sentences.

Then exchange your sentences with a classmate and correct his
or her sentences.
rm
-U
ps
:G
100
2006 Walch P
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Verb Usage
ma
r&
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Principal Parts
Daily
mWar
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Gr
s:
A verb has four principal parts: present, present participle, past,

and past participle.
walk
am walking
walked
have walked
Present
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
Choose a verb from the list below. Write the verbs four principal parts. Then use
each of the parts in a sentence.
play
ask
stop
cook
bake
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Walc
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Verb Usage
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Principal Parts
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
A verb has four principal parts: present, present participle, past,

and past participle.
Present
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
walk
am walking
walked
have walked
Choose a verb from the list below. Write the verbs four principal parts. Then use
each of the parts in a sentence.
play
ask
stop
cook
bake
101
200
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Walc
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Verb Usage
Regular Verbs
rm
-U
:G
ps
Present Participle
Wa
Think of five regular verbs, and use them to complete the

following chart.
Present
Daily
A regular verb is a verb that contains -ed or -d in its past and past
participle forms. If you can add -ed or -d to the present form of the
verb, it is a regular verb.
Past
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Past Participle
1.
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2.
3.
4.
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Verb Usage
Regular Verbs
rm
3.
4.
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5.
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ps
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2.
-U
1.
Present Participle
Wa
Think of five regular verbs, and use them to complete the

following chart.
Present
Daily
A regular verb is a verb that contains -ed or -d in its past and past
participle forms. If you can add -ed or -d to the present form of the
verb, it is a regular verb.
Past
ra
mm
ar
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sage
Past Participle
Verb Usage
An irregular verb cannot form its past and past participle by

adding -ed or -d to its present form. Some irregular verbs do not
change forms in the present, past, and past participle. These
include the following verbs:
ma
r&
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Irregular Verbs I
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
burst
cost
hit
let
put
Choose an irregular verb from the list above. Write the verbs four principal
parts. Then use each of the parts in a sentence.
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Walc
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Verb Usage
An irregular verb cannot form its past and past participle by

adding -ed or -d to its present form. Some irregular verbs do not
change forms in the present, past, and past participle. These
include the following verbs:
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Irregular Verbs I
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
burst
cost
hit
let
put
Choose an irregular verb from the list above. Write the verbs four principal
parts. Then use each of the parts in a sentence.
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200
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Walc
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Verb Usage
Irregular Verbs II
hold
leave
make
sell
win
:G
ps
find
-U
fight
rm
feel
Wa
bring
Daily
Remember that an irregular verb cannot form its past and past
participle by adding -ed or -d to its present form. Some irregular
verbs have the same form for the past and past participle. These
verbs include the following:
Think of at least five other irregular verbs that follow this form. Use them
to complete the chart below.
Present
Present Participle
Past
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Past Participle
1.
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2.
3.
4.
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Verb Usage
Irregular Verbs II
hold
leave
make
sell
win
Think of at least five other irregular verbs that follow this form. Use them
to complete the chart below.
Present
1.
104
2.
3.
4.
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5.
Present Participle
Past
:G
ps
find
-U
fight
rm
feel
Wa
bring
Daily
verbs have the same form for the past and past participle. These
verbs include the following:
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mm
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Past Participle
Verb Usage
verbs form the past participle by adding -n to the past.
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r&
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Irregular Verbs III
Present
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
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War
Daily
m-
s
Up
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break
breaking
broke
broken
Think of another irregular verb that follows this pattern. Write its principal parts in a
chart like the one above. Then use each of the principal parts in a sentence.
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Walc
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Verb Usage
verbs form the past participle by adding -n to the past.
ma
r&
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ge
Irregular Verbs III
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War
Daily
m-
s
Up
:G
Present
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
break
breaking
broke
broken
Think of another irregular verb that follows this pattern. Write its principal parts in a
chart like the one above. Then use each of the principal parts in a sentence.
105
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Verb Usage
Irregular Verbs IV
rm
-U
:G
ps
see
seeing
saw
seen
Wa
Present
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
Daily
verbs form the past participle by adding -n to the present.
ra
mm
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sage
Circle the correct verb form to complete each sentence.

1. I have (grew, grown) several types of vegetables in my garden every summer.
106
2. The pitcher (threw, thrown) out the runner at first base.

3. She must have (know, known) that you were coming today.
4. The robbers (took, taken) all of my jewelry.
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5. Please (give, gave) me your keys.
Verb Usage
Irregular Verbs IV
rm
-U
:G
ps
see
seeing
saw
seen
Wa
Present
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
Daily
verbs form the past participle by adding -n to the present.
ra
mm
ar
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sage
Circle the correct verb form to complete each sentence.

1. I have (grew, grown) several types of vegetables in my garden every summer.
106
2. The pitcher (threw, thrown) out the runner at first base.

3. She must have (know, known) that you were coming today.
4. The robbers (took, taken) all of my jewelry.
2006 Walch
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5. Please (give, gave) me your keys.
Verb Usage
Irregular Verbs V
ma
r&
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verbs form the past and past participle by changing a vowel. These
include begin, drink, shrink, sing, sink, and swim. Complete the chart
below with the principal parts of these six irregular verbs.
Daily
mWar
Up
Present
Gr
s:
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
1. begin
107
2. drink
3. shrink
4. sing
5. sink
6. swim
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Verb Usage
Irregular Verbs V
ma
r&
Usa
ge
verbs form the past and past participle by changing a vowel. These
include begin, drink, shrink, sing, sink, and swim. Complete the chart
below with the principal parts of these six irregular verbs.
Daily
mWar
Present
Up
Gr
s:
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
1. begin
107
2. drink
3. shrink
4. sing
5. sink
6. swim
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Verb Usage
Irregular Verbs VI
Daily
participle by adding -ed or -d to its present form.
Wa
rm
-U
Write the correct principal part on the line for each irregular verb
in parentheses.
ps
:G
ra
mm
ar
1. Where have they (go)? ___________
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2. The little boy (fall) out of the tree. ___________

3. I have (ride) several of the horses at that stable. ___________
4. We (eat) at that restaurant across the street. ___________
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5. I think I (wear) that yesterday. ___________

6. We have (run) all over the city. ___________
7. They (come) to the meeting a bit overdressed. ___________
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8. You have (write) one of the best essays in the class. ___________
Verb Usage
Irregular Verbs VI
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
Write the correct principal part on the line for each irregular verb
in parentheses.
ra
mm
ar
1. Where have they (go)? ___________

2. The little boy (fall) out of the tree. ___________
3. I have (ride) several of the horses at that stable. ___________
4. We (eat) at that restaurant across the street. ___________
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5. I think I (wear) that yesterday. ___________

6. We have (run) all over the city. ___________
7. They (come) to the meeting a bit overdressed. ___________
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ng
8. You have (write) one of the best essays in the class. ___________
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Verb Usage
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Reviewing Irregular Verbs I
Complete the following sentences by circling the correct verb form.
ra
War
Daily
m-
s
Up
:G
1. Damon (bring, brought) his sister to school.
2. We are (making, made) a cake for your birthday tonight.
3. My parents (sell, sold) our house after only a week on the market.
4. Please wait until I have (spoke, spoken).
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5. The students (stole, stolen) the rival mascot.

6. Will you (draw, drew) me a map so I can find it?
7. I should have (knew, known) that you wouldnt make it to practice.
8. I (saw, seen) her down by the library.
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h Publish ing
Verb Usage
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Reviewing Irregular Verbs I
Complete the following sentences by circling the correct verb form.
ra
War
Daily
m-
s
Up
:G
1. Damon (bring, brought) his sister to school.
2. We are (making, made) a cake for your birthday tonight.
3. My parents (sell, sold) our house after only a week on the market.
4. Please wait until I have (spoke, spoken).
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5. The students (stole, stolen) the rival mascot.

6. Will you (draw, drew) me a map so I can find it?
7. I should have (knew, known) that you wouldnt make it to practice.
8. I (saw, seen) her down by the library.
200
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Walc
h Publish ing
Verb Usage
Reviewing Irregular Verbs II

Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
Read the following sentences. If the verb is used correctly, write C on

the line. If the verb is used incorrectly, write I on the line.
ra
mm
___ 1. Tristan finally brang his book to class today.
ar
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___ 2. We begun class early today.

___ 3. My contact lens must have sunk to the bottom of the pool.
___ 4. That chair must have broke when you sat on it.
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___ 5. Have you seen Ms. Fecteau?

___ 6. Who teached the class last Monday?
___ 7. I have thought about majoring in psychology next year.
2006 Walch
i
lish
P ub
ng
___ 8. When did you spoke to the guidance counselor?
Verb Usage
Reviewing Irregular Verbs II

Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
Read the following sentences. If the verb is used correctly, write C on

the line. If the verb is used incorrectly, write I on the line.
ra
mm
___ 1. Tristan finally brang his book to class today.

___ 2. We begun class early today.
___ 3. My contact lens must have sunk to the bottom of the pool.
___ 4. That chair must have broke when you sat on it.
110
___ 5. Have you seen Ms. Fecteau?

___ 6. Who teached the class last Monday?
___ 7. I have thought about majoring in psychology next year.
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i
lish
P ub
ng
___ 8. When did you spoke to the guidance counselor?
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sage
Verb Usage
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Lay vs. Lie
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Some verbs are easily confused. This includes the verbs lay and lie.
Lay means to put or set down. Lie means to rest or recline.
Present
lay
lie
Present Participle
laying
lying
Past
laid
lay
Past Participle
laid
lain
Read the following sentences. Write C on the line if the underlined verb is used
correctly. Write I on the line if it is used incorrectly.
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___ 1. I want to lie on the couch after dinner.

___ 2. Lie your books on the floor while taking the exam.
___ 3. They are lying out on the beach.
___ 4. I laid down for a nap just in time.
___ 5. Please lay your pencils down and close your books.
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Verb Usage
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Lay vs. Lie
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Some verbs are easily confused. This includes the verbs lay and lie.
Lay means to put or set down. Lie means to rest or recline.
Present
lay
lie
Present Participle
laying
lying
Past
laid
lay
Past Participle
laid
lain
Read the following sentences. Write C on the line if the underlined verb is used
correctly. Write I on the line if it is used incorrectly.
111
___ 1. I want to lie on the couch after dinner.

___ 2. Lie your books on the floor while taking the exam.
___ 3. They are lying out on the beach.
___ 4. I laid down for a nap just in time.
___ 5. Please lay your pencils down and close your books.
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Verb Usage
Sit vs. Set

Daily
Sit and set are two other verbs that are easily confused. Sit means
to rest in an upright position. Set means to put or place.
Wa
sat
set
Past Participle
sat
set
:G
ps
sitting
setting
Past
-U
sit
set
Present Participle
rm
Present
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Complete the following sentences with the correct form of sit or set.
1. Please ____________ down at your desks.
2. We are ____________ the table for dinner.
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3. We are ____________ at the table for dinner.

4. The salad is ____________ over there on the counter.
5. We have ____________ here for a long time.
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P ub
ng
6. The sun ___________ around 8:00 P.M. this time of year.
Verb Usage
Sit vs. Set

Daily
Sit and set are two other verbs that are easily confused. Sit means
to rest in an upright position. Set means to put or place.
Wa
sat
set
Past Participle
sat
set
Complete the following sentences with the correct form of sit or set.
1. Please ____________ down at your desks.
2. We are ____________ the table for dinner.
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3. We are ____________ at the table for dinner.

4. The salad is ____________ over there on the counter.
5. We have ____________ here for a long time.
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lish
P ub
ng
:G
ps
sitting
setting
Past
-U
sit
set
Present Participle
rm
Present
6. The sun ___________ around 8:00 P.M. this time of year.
ra
mm
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sage
Verb Usage
Raise and rise are two other verbs that are easily confused. Raise
means to lift up, to increase, or to grow. Rise means to get
up or to move upward.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Raise vs. Rise
Present
r
:G
s
p
-U
m
r
Wa
Daily
raise
rise
Present Participle
raising
rising
Past
raised
rose
Past Participle
raised
risen
Write one sentence for each form listed in the chart above.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Verb Usage
Raise and rise are two other verbs that are easily confused. Raise
means to lift up, to increase, or to grow. Rise means to get
up or to move upward.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Raise vs. Rise
r
:G
s
p
-U
m
r
Wa
Daily
Present
raise
rise
Present Participle
raising
rising
Past
raised
rose
Past Participle
raised
risen
Write one sentence for each form listed in the chart above.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Verb Usage
Verb Tenses I
rm
-U
ps
sh i
ubli
:G
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Study the chart above. Then create your own chart for the verb call.
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2006 Walch P
play
played
will play
have played
had played
will have played
Wa
Present
Past
Future
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Future Perfect
Daily
The tense of a verb is the time expressed by that verb. A verb has
six tenses: present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, and
future perfect. Look at the tenses of the verb play below.
ng
Verb Usage
Verb Tenses I
rm
-U
ps
sh i
ubli
:G
ra
mm
Study the chart above. Then create your own chart for the verb call.
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2006 Walch P
play
played
will play
have played
had played
will have played
Wa
Present
Past
Future
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Future Perfect
Daily
The tense of a verb is the time expressed by that verb. A verb has
six tenses: present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, and
future perfect. Look at the tenses of the verb play below.
ng
ar
&U
sage
Verb Usage
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Verb Tenses II
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Remember that the tense of a verb is the time expressed by that

verb. Complete the following chart for the verb cook.
Present
Past
Future
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Future Perfect
Now use each of the verb tenses you listed in the chart above in sentences of
your own.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Verb Usage
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Verb Tenses II
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:

verb. Complete the following chart for the verb cook.
Present
Past
Future
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Future Perfect
Now use each of the verb tenses you listed in the chart above in sentences of
your own.
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200
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Walc
h Publish ing
Verb Usage
Verb Tenses III
Wa
rm
-U
bring
bringing
brought
have brought
:G
ps
Present
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
Daily

verb. The tenses of an irregular verb are a bit trickier to form.
Knowing the four principal parts of the irregular verb will help you.
Look at the four principal parts of the verb bring.
ra
mm
ar
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sage
Now look at the six tenses of bring.

Present
Past
Future
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Future Perfect
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ng
bring
brought
will bring
have brought
had brought
will have brought
Now create two charts like the ones above for the irregular verb drive.
Verb Usage
Verb Tenses III
rm
-U
:G
ps
bring
bringing
brought
have brought
Wa
Present
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
Daily

verb. The tenses of an irregular verb are a bit trickier to form.
Knowing the four principal parts of the irregular verb will help you.
Look at the four principal parts of the verb bring.
ra
mm
ar
Now look at the six tenses of bring.

Present
Past
Future
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Future Perfect
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2006 Walch P
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ubli
ng
bring
brought
will bring
have brought
had brought
will have brought
Now create two charts like the ones above for the irregular verb drive.
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sage
Verb Usage
Explain how each tense listed below is formed.
r&
Usa
ge
Verb Tenses IV
ma
1. past tense ____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________
r
:G
s
p
-U
m
r
Wa
Daily
2. future tense _______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________
3. present perfect tense ____________________________________________

_________________________________________________________
4. past perfect tense _______________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________
5. future perfect tense _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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Verb Usage
Explain how each tense listed below is formed.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Verb Tenses IV
r
:G
s
p
-U
m
r
Wa
Daily
1. past tense ____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________
2. future tense _______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________
3. present perfect tense ____________________________________________

_________________________________________________________
4. past perfect tense _______________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________
5. future perfect tense _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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Walc
h Publish ing
Verb Usage
Verb Tenses V
Daily
Read the following sentences. Write the tense of the bold verb
form on the line after each sentence.
Wa
rm
-U
1. I will have made at least twenty phone calls by the end of the
day. _______________
ps
:G
2. I have used the treadmill a lot this week. _______________
ra
mm
ar
3. I will do my homework later. _______________
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sage
4. I have eaten a sandwich every day for lunch this week. _______________
5. They had taken the baby to the pediatrician. _______________
6. I run at least three times a week. _______________
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2006 Walch P
sh i
ubli
ng
Verb Usage
Verb Tenses V
Daily
Read the following sentences. Write the tense of the bold verb
form on the line after each sentence.
Wa
-U
:G
ps
2. I have used the treadmill a lot this week. _______________
rm
1. I will have made at least twenty phone calls by the end of the
day. _______________
ra
mm
ar
3. I will do my homework later. _______________

4. I have eaten a sandwich every day for lunch this week. _______________
5. They had taken the baby to the pediatrician. _______________
6. I run at least three times a week. _______________
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2006 Walch P
sh i
ubli
ng
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sage
Verb Usage
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Progressive Forms
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Progressive forms of verbs express ongoing action and usually end

in -ing. Like all verbs, progressive forms have six tenses.
Present Progressive
Past Progressive
Future Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future Perfect Progressive
I am running.
I was running.
I will be running.
I have been running.
I had been running.
I will have been running.
Write a sentence for each progressive tense of the verb travel.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Verb Usage
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Progressive Forms
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Progressive forms of verbs express ongoing action and usually end

in -ing. Like all verbs, progressive forms have six tenses.
Present Progressive
Past Progressive
Future Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future Perfect Progressive
I am running.
I was running.
I will be running.
I have been running.
I had been running.
I will have been running.
Write a sentence for each progressive tense of the verb travel.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Verb Usage
Emphatic Forms
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
Emphatic forms are used to show emphasis. They appear in two

tenses: present emphatic and past emphatic. Present emphatic
tenses include the word do or does before the verb. Past emphatic
tenses include the word did before the verb.
Examples: I do run every day. (present emphatic)
I did run yesterday. (past emphatic)
ra
mm
ar
Write six sentences that express the emphatic form. Three should contain the
present emphatic, and three should contain the past emphatic.
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sage
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2006 Walch P
sh i
ubli
ng
Verb Usage
Emphatic Forms
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
Write six sentences that express the emphatic form. Three should contain the
present emphatic, and three should contain the past emphatic.
120
2006 Walch P
sh i
ubli
ng
:G
ps
Emphatic forms are used to show emphasis. They appear in two

tenses: present emphatic and past emphatic. Present emphatic
tenses include the word do or does before the verb. Past emphatic
tenses include the word did before the verb.
Examples: I do run every day. (present emphatic)
I did run yesterday. (past emphatic)
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Verb Usage
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Active and Passive Voice
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
When a sentence is written in the active voice, it means that the

subject is performing the action. When a sentence is written in
the passive voice, it means that the action of the verb is being
performed on the subject.
Examples: Olivia wrote the essay. (active)
The essay was written by Olivia. (passive)
Read the following sentences. Write A on the line if it is written in active voice.
Write P on the line if it is written in passive voice.
___ 1. The house was cleaned by the cleaning lady.

___ 2. Keiko filled out her college applications.
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___ 3. The lifeguard saved the drowning toddlers life.

___ 4. The computer was fixed by Justin.
___ 5. Sam was bitten by the dog.
___ 6. The dog bit Sam.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Verb Usage
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Active and Passive Voice
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
When a sentence is written in the active voice, it means that the

subject is performing the action. When a sentence is written in
the passive voice, it means that the action of the verb is being
performed on the subject.
Examples: Olivia wrote the essay. (active)
The essay was written by Olivia. (passive)
Read the following sentences. Write A on the line if it is written in active voice.
Write P on the line if it is written in passive voice.
___ 1. The house was cleaned by the cleaning lady.

___ 2. Keiko filled out her college applications.
121
___ 3. The lifeguard saved the drowning toddlers life.

___ 4. The computer was fixed by Justin.
___ 5. Sam was bitten by the dog.
___ 6. The dog bit Sam.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Verb Usage
Agreement I
Wa
rm
Plural: we, you, they
-U
Singular: I, you, he, she, it
Daily
A verb must agree with its subject in number. The number of the
subject is either singular or plural. Nouns are made plural by
adding -s or -es in most cases. Singular and plural pronouns are:
ps
:G
Verbs are also singular and plural. A singular verb must be paired with a
singular subject. A plural verb must be paired with a plural subject.
ra
mm
Rewrite each sentence below with the correct agreement.
ar
&U
sage
1. Meghan and Leena was making cookies in the kitchen.

_____________________________________________________________
2. Cesar have a lot of homework tonight.
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_____________________________________________________________
3. You and I am going to practice, right?
_____________________________________________________________
4. The band play downtown every weekend.
2006 Walch P
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ubli
_____________________________________________________________
ng
Verb Usage
Agreement I
-U
:G
ps
Verbs are also singular and plural. A singular verb must be paired with a
singular subject. A plural verb must be paired with a plural subject.
rm
Plural: we, you, they
Wa
Singular: I, you, he, she, it
Daily
A verb must agree with its subject in number. The number of the
subject is either singular or plural. Nouns are made plural by
adding -s or -es in most cases. Singular and plural pronouns are:
Rewrite each sentence below with the correct agreement.
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
1. Meghan and Leena was making cookies in the kitchen.

_____________________________________________________________
2. Cesar have a lot of homework tonight.
122
_____________________________________________________________
3. You and I am going to practice, right?
_____________________________________________________________
4. The band play downtown every weekend.
2006 Walch P
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_____________________________________________________________
Verb Usage
Remember that subjects and verbs must agree in number. Singular

verbs should follow the words each, neither, everyone, everybody,
nobody, and someone.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Agreement II
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Read the following sentences. Write a check mark next to those that
are in agreement.
___ 1. Everyone in the choir practice after school.
___ 2. Someone must really love me.

___ 3. Neither of us are going to the party this weekend.
___ 4. Nobody likes a cheater.
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___ 5. Each of you have taken this exam.

___ 6. Everybody in the class pass in the homework on time.
___ 7. Has nobody seen the new reality show on Channel 6?
___ 8. Neither of you were at the assembly this morning.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Verb Usage
Remember that subjects and verbs must agree in number. Singular

verbs should follow the words each, neither, everyone, everybody,
nobody, and someone.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Agreement II
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Read the following sentences. Write a check mark next to those that
are in agreement.
___ 1. Everyone in the choir practice after school.
___ 2. Someone must really love me.

___ 3. Neither of us are going to the party this weekend.
___ 4. Nobody likes a cheater.
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___ 5. Each of you have taken this exam.

___ 6. Everybody in the class pass in the homework on time.
___ 7. Has nobody seen the new reality show on Channel 6?
___ 8. Neither of you were at the assembly this morning.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Verb Usage
Agreement III
Daily
Wa
Remember that subjects and verbs must agree in number. Plural

verbs almost always follow the words all, both, few, many, several,
and some.
rm
-U
ps
:G
Write six sentences that each use one of the words listed above. Make
sure they are followed by a plural verb. Then exchange your sentences
with a classmate and make sure his or her sentences are in agreement.
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
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2006 Walch P
sh i
ubli
ng
Verb Usage
Agreement III
Daily
Wa
Remember that subjects and verbs must agree in number. Plural

verbs almost always follow the words all, both, few, many, several,
and some.
rm
-U
124
2006 Walch P
sh i
ubli
ng
:G
ps
Write six sentences that each use one of the words listed above. Make
sure they are followed by a plural verb. Then exchange your sentences
with a classmate and make sure his or her sentences are in agreement.
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Verb Usage
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Using Better Verbs
Rewrite each of the following sentences using more colorful verbs.
r
:G
s
p
-U
m
r
Wa
Daily
Many verbs are boring and overused. You can greatly improve your
writing by using more colorful verbs.
Examples: Russ came into class just as the bell rang.
Russ raced into class just as the bell rang.
1. Mrs. Solis went to the back of the classroom.
2. A guest speaker came to our class yesterday.
3. Please go to the board and write your answer.
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4. The dog entered the house.

5. Where did you put my book?
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Walc
h Publish ing
Verb Usage
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Using Better Verbs
r
:G
s
p
-U
m
r
Wa
Daily
Many verbs are boring and overused. You can greatly improve your
writing by using more colorful verbs.
Examples: Russ came into class just as the bell rang.
Russ raced into class just as the bell rang.
Rewrite each of the following sentences using more colorful verbs.
1. Mrs. Solis went to the back of the classroom.
2. A guest speaker came to our class yesterday.
3. Please go to the board and write your answer.
125
4. The dog entered the house.

5. Where did you put my book?
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Pronoun Usage
Pronoun Cases
Daily
Pronouns come in three cases: nominative, objective, and

possessive. Pronoun forms in the nominative case are listed below.
Wa
rm
-U
Nominative Case
Singular
I, you, he, she, it
Plural
we, you, they
ps
:G
ra
mm
ar
Complete the pronoun charts below for the objective and possessive cases.
Objective Case
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sage
Possessive Case
Singular
Singular
Plural
Plural
ng
Pronoun Usage
Pronoun Cases
Daily
Pronouns come in three cases: nominative, objective, and

possessive. Pronoun forms in the nominative case are listed below.
Wa
rm
-U
Nominative Case
Singular
I, you, he, she, it
Plural
we, you, they
ps
:G
ra
mm
ar
Complete the pronoun charts below for the objective and possessive cases.
Objective Case
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sh i
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ng
Possessive Case
Singular
Singular
Plural
Plural
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Pronoun Usage
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r&
Usa
ge
Nominative Case
The nominative case is used for subjects and predicate
nominatives. These pronouns are I, you, he, she, it, we, and they.
Read the following sentences. Circle the pronoun that correctly
completes each sentence.
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
1. Troy and (I, me) are going for a run after school.
2. (We, Us) want to get in shape for track season.
3. That was (she, her) on the phone.

4. Sadie is an excellent painter. The winner of the art contest was (her, she).
5. (He, Him) and Grant are going on a tour of the museum.
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6. The class marshals will be Layla and (I, me).

7. You and (I, me) should work on our project this afternoon.
8. The students on the basketball team are (they, them).
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Walc
h Publish ing
Pronoun Usage
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Nominative Case
The nominative case is used for subjects and predicate
nominatives. These pronouns are I, you, he, she, it, we, and they.
Read the following sentences. Circle the pronoun that correctly
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
1. Troy and (I, me) are going for a run after school.
2. (We, Us) want to get in shape for track season.
3. That was (she, her) on the phone.

4. Sadie is an excellent painter. The winner of the art contest was (her, she).
5. (He, Him) and Grant are going on a tour of the museum.
127
6. The class marshals will be Layla and (I, me).

7. You and (I, me) should work on our project this afternoon.
8. The students on the basketball team are (they, them).
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Walc
h Publish ing
Pronoun Usage
Objective Case
Daily
Wa
The objective case pronouns are used for direct objects, indirect
objects, and objects of a preposition. These pronouns include me,
you, him, her, it, us, and them.
rm
-U
ps
:G
contain the correct pronouns.
ra
mm
ar
___ 1. Abigail told we to meet her in the gym.
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sage
___ 2. Please bring Anna and me to the movies tonight.

___ 3. Did you ask your mother and I?
___ 4. Show he what you learned today.
128
___ 5. Will you go with me tonight?

___ 6. Lamont drives Barbara and I crazy.
___ 7. The competition came down to he and I.
2006 Walch P
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___ 8. We are having dinner with them tonight.
Pronoun Usage
Objective Case
Daily
Wa
The objective case pronouns are used for direct objects, indirect
objects, and objects of a preposition. These pronouns include me,
you, him, her, it, us, and them.
rm
-U
___ 1. Abigail told we to meet her in the gym.

___ 2. Please bring Anna and me to the movies tonight.
___ 3. Did you ask your mother and I?
___ 4. Show he what you learned today.
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___ 5. Will you go with me tonight?

___ 6. Lamont drives Barbara and I crazy.
___ 7. The competition came down to he and I.
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___ 8. We are having dinner with them tonight.
:G
ps
contain the correct pronouns.
ra
mm
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sage
Pronoun Usage
Possessive case pronouns are used to show ownership or

possession. These pronouns include my, mine, your, yours, his, her,
hers, its, our, ours, their, and theirs.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Possessive Case
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Write sentences that use each of the possessive pronouns listed above.
When finished, check your sentences to be sure that you have used the
pronouns correctly.
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Walc
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Pronoun Usage
Possessive case pronouns are used to show ownership or

possession. These pronouns include my, mine, your, yours, his, her,
hers, its, our, ours, their, and theirs.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Possessive Case
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Write sentences that use each of the possessive pronouns listed above.
When finished, check your sentences to be sure that you have used the
pronouns correctly.
129
200
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Walc
h Publish ing
Pronoun Usage
Who and Whom

Daily
Wa
The pronouns who and whom are often confused. Who is used
when someone is the subject. Whom is used when someone is the
object of a verb or preposition.
rm
-U
ps
:G
Read the following sentences. Circle the correct pronoun to complete

each sentence.
ra
mm
1. The teacher (who, whom) gave us our notes is Mr. Chin.
ar
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sage
2. To (who, whom) do you want to send this e-mail?

3. (Who, Whom) will be at the assembly?
4. (Who, Whom) did you ask for help?
130
5. About (who, whom) are you speaking?

6. I dont know (who, whom) the instructor is.
7. Mr. Alexander, (who, whom) is my favorite teacher, returned our quizzes.
8. Carly is the woman to (who, whom) you address your questions.
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P ub
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Pronoun Usage
Who and Whom

Daily
Wa
The pronouns who and whom are often confused. Who is used
when someone is the subject. Whom is used when someone is the
object of a verb or preposition.
rm
-U
:G
ps
Read the following sentences. Circle the correct pronoun to complete

each sentence.
ra
mm
1. The teacher (who, whom) gave us our notes is Mr. Chin.
ar
&U
sage
2. To (who, whom) do you want to send this e-mail?

3. (Who, Whom) will be at the assembly?
4. (Who, Whom) did you ask for help?
130
5. About (who, whom) are you speaking?

6. I dont know (who, whom) the instructor is.
7. Mr. Alexander, (who, whom) is my favorite teacher, returned our quizzes.
8. Carly is the woman to (who, whom) you address your questions.
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i
lish
P ub
ng
Pronoun Usage
Pronouns are often used in comparisons following the words than

and as. Read the following sentences. Put a check mark next to
each sentence that correctly uses pronouns in comparisons.
ma
r&
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ge
Comparison Pronouns
Daily
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Gr
s:
___ 1. My sister is taller than me.

___ 2. Kareem works as hard as they.
___ 3. Nadia took as long as me to read the book.
___ 4. You are more fortunate than I.

___ 5. You look better than him in the picture.
___ 6. They swam faster than he in the race.
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___ 7. Mr. Muoz said everyone did as well as me.

___ 8. Clayton knew that he could do better than her.
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Walc
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Pronoun Usage
Pronouns are often used in comparisons following the words than

and as. Read the following sentences. Put a check mark next to
each sentence that correctly uses pronouns in comparisons.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Comparison Pronouns
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
___ 1. My sister is taller than me.

___ 2. Kareem works as hard as they.
___ 3. Nadia took as long as me to read the book.
___ 4. You are more fortunate than I.

___ 5. You look better than him in the picture.
___ 6. They swam faster than he in the race.
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___ 7. Mr. Muoz said everyone did as well as me.

___ 8. Clayton knew that he could do better than her.
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Walc
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Pronoun Usage
Antecedents I
Wa
rm
-U
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ps
For each of the following antecedents, write a sentence with a

pronoun that agrees in number and gender.
Daily
A pronoun must agree in number and gender with its antecedent.

Recall that an antecedent is the word that the pronoun replaces
or refers to.
1. student _________________________________________________
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mm
____________________________________________________________
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2. students ______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3. everyone ________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________
4. some __________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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Pronoun Usage
Antecedents I
Wa
rm
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ps
1. student _________________________________________________
-U
For each of the following antecedents, write a sentence with a

pronoun that agrees in number and gender.
Daily

or refers to.
____________________________________________________________
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mm
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2. students ______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3. everyone ________________________________________________________
132
________________________________________________________________
4. some __________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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Pronoun Usage
ma
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Antecedents II
Daily
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Gr
s:

or refers to.
Read the following sentences. Put a check mark next to the

sentences that have pronoun/antecedent agreement.
___ 1. All students should report to the office for their first day
of orientation.
___ 2. Each student brought his or her textbook to class.

___ 3. Each student brought their textbooks to class.
___ 4. Either Lauren or Mina will ride their bike to school.
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___ 5. Both of my children got their acceptance letters today.
Now write two sentences of your own using pronouns that agree with their
antecedents.
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Walc
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Pronoun Usage
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Antecedents II
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:

or refers to.
Read the following sentences. Put a check mark next to the

sentences that have pronoun/antecedent agreement.
___ 1. All students should report to the office for their first day
of orientation.
___ 2. Each student brought his or her textbook to class.

___ 3. Each student brought their textbooks to class.
___ 4. Either Lauren or Mina will ride their bike to school.
133
___ 5. Both of my children got their acceptance letters today.
Now write two sentences of your own using pronouns that agree with their
antecedents.
200
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Walc
h Publish ing
Pronoun Usage
Pronoun Review I
Daily
Wa
rm
Write a paragraph about what you hope to accomplish in the next

year. Label all pronouns in the nominative case with NC. Label
all pronouns in the objective case with OC. Label the pronouns in
the possessive case with PC.
-U
ps
:G
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mm
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sage
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Pronoun Usage
Pronoun Review I
Daily
Wa
rm
Write a paragraph about what you hope to accomplish in the next

year. Label all pronouns in the nominative case with NC. Label
all pronouns in the objective case with OC. Label the pronouns in
the possessive case with PC.
-U
ps
:G
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ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Pronoun Usage
Pronoun Review II
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Take out an essay or paper that you have written this year.
Underline all the pronouns. Check to see if you used them
correctly. Did you use the pronoun cases correctly? Do the
pronouns agree with their antecedents? After you evaluate your
paper, write a paragraph in the space below explaining your
a
r
understanding of pronouns. Has your understanding changed since you
G
s:
p
wrote the paper?
U
rma
W
Daily
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Walc
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Pronoun Usage
Pronoun Review II
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Take out an essay or paper that you have written this year.
Underline all the pronouns. Check to see if you used them
correctly. Did you use the pronoun cases correctly? Do the
pronouns agree with their antecedents? After you evaluate your
paper, write a paragraph in the space below explaining your
a
r
understanding of pronouns. Has your understanding changed since you
G
s:
p
wrote the paper?
U
rma
W
Daily
135
200
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Walc
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Adjective/Adverb Usage
Comparisons I
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
Adjectives can be used in comparisons. This means that the form

of the adjective changes depending on how many things are being
compared. There are three degrees of comparison: positive,
comparative, and superlative.
Examples: great (positive)
greater (comparative)
greatest (superlative)
ra
mm
ar
&
Usag
e
The positive degree is used when no comparison is being made. Most
comparatives, which compare two things, are formed by adding -er to the
positive. Most superlatives, which compare more than two things, are formed by
adding -est to the positive.
Write the comparative and superlative forms for each of the words below.
136
1. young ___________________ ___________________

2. bright ___________________ ___________________
3. quiet ___________________ ____________________
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4. nice ___________________
___________________
Comparisons I
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
Adjectives can be used in comparisons. This means that the form

of the adjective changes depending on how many things are being
compared. There are three degrees of comparison: positive,
comparative, and superlative.
Examples: great (positive)
greater (comparative)
greatest (superlative)
ra
mm
ar
&
Usag
e
The positive degree is used when no comparison is being made. Most
comparatives, which compare two things, are formed by adding -er to the
positive. Most superlatives, which compare more than two things, are formed by
adding -est to the positive.
136
1. young ___________________ ___________________

2. bright ___________________ ___________________
3. quiet ___________________ ____________________
2006 Walch P
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ubli
ng
4. nice ___________________
___________________
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Comparisons II
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Not all comparisons are created by adding -er and -est. Many twosyllable adjectives and adverbs and almost all adjectives and
adverbs with three or more syllables use more or most to form
Examples: difficult, more difficult, most difficult
1. interesting ______________ __________________

2. small __________________
__________________
3. delicious _______________
__________________
137
4. funny __________________ __________________

5. friendly ________________
__________________
6. careful _________________
__________________
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ma
r&
Usa
ge
Comparisons II
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Not all comparisons are created by adding -er and -est. Many twosyllable adjectives and adverbs and almost all adjectives and
adverbs with three or more syllables use more or most to form
Examples: difficult, more difficult, most difficult
1. interesting ______________ __________________

2. small __________________
__________________
3. delicious _______________
__________________
137
4. funny __________________ __________________

5. friendly ________________
__________________
6. careful _________________
__________________
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Walc
h Publish ing
Comparisons III
Daily
Some words are irregular in their comparative and superlative

forms. Complete the chart below.
Wa
rm
-U
ps
:G
Positive
Comparative
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Superlative
1. bad
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2. good
3. many
4. little
2006 Walch P
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5. much
Comparisons III
Daily
Some words are irregular in their comparative and superlative

forms. Complete the chart below.
Wa
rm
-U
ps
:G
Positive
1. bad
138
2. good
3. many
4. little
2006 Walch P
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5. much
Comparative
ra
mm
ar
Superlative
&U
sage
Recall that some comparatives and superlatives are formed by

adding -er and -est to the adjective or adverb. Others are formed
by putting the word more or most in front of the adjective or
adverb. Other forms are irregular.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Comparisons IV
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Read the following sentences. Circle the comparative or superlative that

best completes each sentence.
1. This is the (more delicious, most delicious) apple pie I have ever tasted!
2. I am (better, best) at checkers than you are.
139
3. Todays sunset is (more beautiful, most beautiful) than yesterdays.

4. This dog is the (friendliest, most friendliest) dog in the neighborhood.
5. Angelo is the (taller, more taller) of the two brothers.
6. Your steak looks (tougher, more tough) than mine.
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h Publish ing

ma
r&
Usa
ge
Comparisons IV
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Read the following sentences. Circle the comparative or superlative that

best completes each sentence.
1. This is the (more delicious, most delicious) apple pie I have ever tasted!
2. I am (better, best) at checkers than you are.
139
3. Todays sunset is (more beautiful, most beautiful) than yesterdays.

4. This dog is the (friendliest, most friendliest) dog in the neighborhood.
5. Angelo is the (taller, more taller) of the two brothers.
6. Your steak looks (tougher, more tough) than mine.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Comparisons V
Daily
Wa
rm

-U
For each of the words below, write a sentence using its comparative or
superlative form.
ps
:G
ra
mm
1. bad _________________________________________________________
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2. many _____________________________________________________________
3. tasty ___________________________________________________________
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4. different _______________________________________________________
5. intelligent ______________________________________________________
ng
Comparisons V
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
For each of the words below, write a sentence using its comparative or
superlative form.
Daily

1. bad _________________________________________________________
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mm
ar
&U
sage
2. many _____________________________________________________________
3. tasty ___________________________________________________________
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4. different _______________________________________________________
5. intelligent ______________________________________________________
ng
Remember that some comparatives and superlatives are formed by

ma
r&
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ge
Comparisons VI
Up
Gr
s:
Advertisements often use comparisons to convince consumers that they

should use the product or service. Use your knowledge of comparatives and
Daily
superlatives to write an ad for a business of your choice. Your ad can be a visual ad
found in a newspaper or magazine or on the Internet. Or you can write a script for
a television or radio ad. Be sure to use at least five comparatives and superlatives.
mWar
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Walc
h Publish ing
Remember that some comparatives and superlatives are formed by

ma
r&
Usa
ge
Comparisons VI
Up
Gr
s:
Advertisements often use comparisons to convince consumers that they

should use the product or service. Use your knowledge of comparatives and
Daily
superlatives to write an ad for a business of your choice. Your ad can be a visual ad
found in a newspaper or magazine or on the Internet. Or you can write a script for
a television or radio ad. Be sure to use at least five comparatives and superlatives.
mWar
141
200
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Walc
h Publish ing
Good and Well I

Daily
Wa
The words good and well are often used incorrectly. Good is always
an adjective. Well is usually an adverb, but when it means
attractive or in good health, it is an adjective.
rm
-U
ps
:G
Read the following sentences. Circle the word that best completes
each sentence.
ra
mm
ar
1. I was absent yesterday because I didnt feel (good, well).
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sage
2. You did a (good, well) job raking the lawn.

3. Eric, you dont look (good, well). Do you want to go see the nurse?
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2006 Walch P
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4. I didnt do very (good, well) on that quiz.

5. Thats a (good, well) way to do it.
6. Melanie plays (good, well) after a (good, well) nights rest.
ng
Good and Well I

Daily
Wa
The words good and well are often used incorrectly. Good is always
an adjective. Well is usually an adverb, but when it means
attractive or in good health, it is an adjective.
rm
-U
:G
ps
Read the following sentences. Circle the word that best completes
each sentence.
ra
1. I was absent yesterday because I didnt feel (good, well).
mm
ar
&U
sage
2. You did a (good, well) job raking the lawn.

3. Eric, you dont look (good, well). Do you want to go see the nurse?
142
2006 Walch P
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ubli
4. I didnt do very (good, well) on that quiz.

5. Thats a (good, well) way to do it.
6. Melanie plays (good, well) after a (good, well) nights rest.
ng
Remember that good is always an adjective. Well is usually an

adverb, but when it means attractive or in good health, it is
an adjective.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Good and Well II
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Write six sentences in the space below. Write three that use good and
three that use well.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Remember that good is always an adjective. Well is usually an

adverb, but when it means attractive or in good health, it is
an adjective.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Good and Well II
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Write six sentences in the space below. Write three that use good and
three that use well.
143
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Double Negatives
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
A negative is a word that means no. Common negatives include

barely, hardly, never, no, nobody, none, not, nothing, and scarcely.
Using a negative word can change the meaning of the sentence.
Using two negative words causes the negatives to cancel each other
out, leaving the sentence with a positive meaning.
Read the following sentences. Rewrite those that contain double
negatives so that they contain only one negative.
ra
mm
ar
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sage
1. You dont need no shoes.

2. We never catch nothing when we go fishing.
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3. Nobody ignored the fire alarm when it sounded.

4. We didnt have none of the new uniforms for our game.
ng
5. Theres hardly any time left for questions.
Double Negatives
Daily
Wa
rm
-U
Read the following sentences. Rewrite those that contain double

negatives so that they contain only one negative.
1. You dont need no shoes.
2. We never catch nothing when we go fishing.
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2006 Walch P
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ubli
3. Nobody ignored the fire alarm when it sounded.

4. We didnt have none of the new uniforms for our game.
ng
5. Theres hardly any time left for questions.
:G
ps
A negative is a word that means no. Common negatives include

barely, hardly, never, no, nobody, none, not, nothing, and scarcely.
Using a negative word can change the meaning of the sentence.
Using two negative words causes the negatives to cancel each other
out, leaving the sentence with a positive meaning.
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Remember that adjectives modify nouns and pronouns. Adverbs

modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Choosing Adjectives and Adverbs
Read the following sentences. Circle the adjective or adverb that best
ra
War
Daily
m-
s
Up
:G
1. The procedure was (quick, quickly) and painless.

2. The crowd cheered (loud, loudly) for the home team.
3. I ran (slow, slowly) back to my car.
4. The students were (eager, eagerly) to get out of class.
145
5. Vincent (nervous, nervously) tapped his pencil on the desk.

6. Jonah was (proud, proudly) of his artwork.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Remember that adjectives modify nouns and pronouns. Adverbs

modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Choosing Adjectives and Adverbs
ra
War
Daily
m-
s
Up
:G
Read the following sentences. Circle the adjective or adverb that best
1. The procedure was (quick, quickly) and painless.

2. The crowd cheered (loud, loudly) for the home team.
3. I ran (slow, slowly) back to my car.
4. The students were (eager, eagerly) to get out of class.
145
5. Vincent (nervous, nervously) tapped his pencil on the desk.

6. Jonah was (proud, proudly) of his artwork.
200
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Walc
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Capitalization
First Words and I

Daily
Wa
rm
The first word of a sentence or a line of poetry should be

capitalized. The pronoun I should also be capitalized.
Example: That is the first thing I do when I wake up in
the morning.
-U
ps
:G
Salutations and closings in letters and e-mails should also be capitalized.

Example: Dear Zahara, Sincerely
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Write an e-mail in the space below about what you did last night. Be sure to
capitalize correctly.
146
2006 Walch P
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Capitalization
First Words and I

Daily
Wa
rm
The first word of a sentence or a line of poetry should be

capitalized. The pronoun I should also be capitalized.
Example: That is the first thing I do when I wake up in
the morning.
-U
ps
:G
Salutations and closings in letters and e-mails should also be capitalized.

Example: Dear Zahara, Sincerely
ra
mm
ar
Write an e-mail in the space below about what you did last night. Be sure to
146
2006 Walch P
sh i
ubli
ng
&U
sage
Capitalization
Proper nouns and their abbreviations should always be capitalized.

This includes names of people and names of pets.
Examples: Aiden OConnor, my dog Buster
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Proper Nouns
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Read the following sentences. Circle the letters that should be

capitalized.
1. my older sister, amy, and i went out to dinner on my birthday.
2. my mother took our cat, bentley, to the veterinarian.

3. ashok used moms car to pick up kenny.
4. should i go with the russells to soccer practice?
147
5. irina and i baked a cake for elizabeths party.
Now write two sentences of your own about two of your friends. Be sure to use
proper capitalization.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Capitalization
Proper nouns and their abbreviations should always be capitalized.

This includes names of people and names of pets.
Examples: Aiden OConnor, my dog Buster
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Proper Nouns
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:

capitalized.
1. my older sister, amy, and i went out to dinner on my birthday.
2. my mother took our cat, bentley, to the veterinarian.

3. ashok used moms car to pick up kenny.
4. should i go with the russells to soccer practice?
147
5. irina and i baked a cake for elizabeths party.
Now write two sentences of your own about two of your friends. Be sure to use
proper capitalization.
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Capitalization
Geographical Names
-U
:G
ps
continents
mountains
bodies of water
rm
islands
streets
counties
states
Wa
towns/cities
countries
world regions
stars/planets
Daily
Geographical names should be capitalized. These include

the following:
ra
mm
ar
For each type of geographical name listed in the box above, write an example
below. Be sure to capitalize correctly.
&U
sage
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Capitalization
Geographical Names
-U
:G
ps
continents
mountains
bodies of water
rm
islands
streets
counties
states
Wa
towns/cities
countries
world regions
stars/planets
Daily
Geographical names should be capitalized. These include

the following:
ra
For each type of geographical name listed in the box above, write an example
below. Be sure to capitalize correctly.
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mm
ar
&U
sage
Capitalization
Remember that proper nouns should always be capitalized. These

include names of people and animals and geographical names.
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r&
Usa
ge
Capitalizing Proper Nouns
ra
War
Daily
m-
s
Up
:G

capitalized. Draw a line through any letters that are capitalized but
should not be.
1. have you ever been to mount rushmore?
2. mount rushmore is in the black hills of south dakota.

3. we visited the amazing sight last Summer.
4. we drove through the midwest to get there.
149
5. we traveled there in a van with the garcias.

6. their children are the same age as we are.
7. on our way there and back, we crossed the mississippi river.
8. next summer were going to the grand canyon.
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Walc
h Publish ing
Capitalization
Remember that proper nouns should always be capitalized. These

include names of people and animals and geographical names.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Capitalizing Proper Nouns
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War
Daily
m-
s
Up
:G

should not be.
1. have you ever been to mount rushmore?
2. mount rushmore is in the black hills of south dakota.

3. we visited the amazing sight last Summer.
4. we drove through the midwest to get there.
149
5. we traveled there in a van with the garcias.

6. their children are the same age as we are.
7. on our way there and back, we crossed the mississippi river.
8. next summer were going to the grand canyon.
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6
Walc
h Publish ing
Capitalization
Groups, Time Periods, and Events

Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
Names of groups should be capitalized. These include

organizations, businesses, institutions, government agencies,
political parties, and teams.
Examples: United Nations, Harvard University,
Republican Party, Chicago Bears
ra
mm
Time periods and events are also capitalized. These include days, months,
holidays, historical events, historical periods, important documents, and
special events.
Examples: Sunday, January, Flag Day, World War II, the Bill of Rights,
the Olympics
150
2006 Walch P
sh i
ubli
ar
&U
sage
Give an example of each type of group, time period, and event listed above.
Make sure to capitalize correctly.
ng
Capitalization
Groups, Time Periods, and Events

Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
Names of groups should be capitalized. These include

organizations, businesses, institutions, government agencies,
political parties, and teams.
Examples: United Nations, Harvard University,
Republican Party, Chicago Bears
ra
mm
Time periods and events are also capitalized. These include days, months,
holidays, historical events, historical periods, important documents, and
special events.
Examples: Sunday, January, Flag Day, World War II, the Bill of Rights,
the Olympics
150
2006 Walch P
sh i
ubli
ar
&U
sage
Give an example of each type of group, time period, and event listed above.
Make sure to capitalize correctly.
ng
Capitalization
Nationalities, races, religions, and languages should be capitalized.

Examples: China, Asian, Judaism, French
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Nationalities, Races, and Religions
ra
War
Daily
m-
s
Up
:G
Write a paragraph about a foreign country. Include information about

race, common religions, languages, and geographical names and
features. Be sure to capitalize correctly.
151
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Capitalization
Nationalities, races, religions, and languages should be capitalized.

Examples: China, Asian, Judaism, French
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Nationalities, Races, and Religions
ra
War
Daily
m-
s
Up
:G
Write a paragraph about a foreign country. Include information about

race, common religions, languages, and geographical names and
features. Be sure to capitalize correctly.
151
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Capitalization
Capitalizing Other Proper Nouns

Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
Many other proper nouns should be capitalized. These include

awards, brand names, bridges and buildings, memorials and
monuments, vehicles such as ships and space shuttles, names of
academic courses, and technological terms.
Examples: Nobel Prize, Kleenex, Sears Tower, Lincoln
Memorial, Challenger, Algebra I, Internet
ra
mm
ar
Read the list of nouns below. Write a check mark next to those that should be
capitalized.
152
2006 Walch P
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ubli
___ 1. first prize
___ 6. high school
___ 2. brooklyn bridge
___ 7. biology I
___ 3. band-aid
___ 8. world wide web
___ 4. computer
___ 9. callahan tunnel
___ 5. empire state building
___10. space shuttle
&U
sage
ng
Capitalization
Capitalizing Other Proper Nouns

Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
Many other proper nouns should be capitalized. These include

awards, brand names, bridges and buildings, memorials and
monuments, vehicles such as ships and space shuttles, names of
academic courses, and technological terms.
Examples: Nobel Prize, Kleenex, Sears Tower, Lincoln
Memorial, Challenger, Algebra I, Internet
ra
mm
Read the list of nouns below. Write a check mark next to those that should be
capitalized.
152
2006 Walch P
sh i
ubli
ng
___ 1. first prize
___ 6. high school
___ 2. brooklyn bridge
___ 7. biology I
___ 3. band-aid
___ 8. world wide web
___ 4. computer
___ 9. callahan tunnel
___ 5. empire state building
___10. space shuttle
ar
&U
sage
Capitalization
Most proper adjectives and compound adjectives are capitalized.
Usa
ge
Proper Adjectives
ma
r&
Examples: French fries, African American
a
Gr
Daily
War
p
-U
s:

should not be.
1. my Mother is french canadian.
2. we had sweet italian sausage for dinner.

3. our dog is a german shepherd named hans.
4. the neighbors have an irish setter that plays with hans.
153
5. carlos brought swiss chocolates back from europe.

6. Dad bought alaskan king crab at the Seafood Market.
7. i am part american indian.
8. you have a strong british accent.
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Capitalization
Most proper adjectives and compound adjectives are capitalized.

Examples: French fries, African American
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Proper Adjectives
a
Gr
Daily
War
p
-U
s:

should not be.
1. my Mother is french canadian.
2. we had sweet italian sausage for dinner.

3. our dog is a german shepherd named hans.
4. the neighbors have an irish setter that plays with hans.
153
5. carlos brought swiss chocolates back from europe.

6. Dad bought alaskan king crab at the Seafood Market.
7. i am part american indian.
8. you have a strong british accent.
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Capitalization
Titles of People
Daily
Wa
Titles of people should be capitalized in certain situations.

Examples: Governor Randolph, President Bush, Aunt
Hilda, Mom
rm
-U
Titles can be confusing because they are not always capitalized.

Examples: the governor, my aunt, your mom
ps
:G
ra
mm
Read the following sentences. Circle the letters that should be capitalized. Draw
a line through any letters that are capitalized but should not be.
ar
&U
sage
1. have you seen coach hancock?

2. it was grandma who baked the cookies.
154
3.
my mom will bring my uniform before the game.
4. the man on television is going to be our new Senator.

5. auntie, will you help me?
6. i didnt know you were Matthews Father.
2006 Walch
i
lish
P ub
ng
Capitalization
Titles of People
Daily
rm
-U
:G
ps
Titles can be confusing because they are not always capitalized.

Examples: the governor, my aunt, your mom
Wa
Titles of people should be capitalized in certain situations.

Examples: Governor Randolph, President Bush, Aunt
Hilda, Mom
Read the following sentences. Circle the letters that should be capitalized. Draw
a line through any letters that are capitalized but should not be.
1. have you seen coach hancock?
2. it was grandma who baked the cookies.
154
3.
my mom will bring my uniform before the game.
4. the man on television is going to be our new Senator.

5. auntie, will you help me?
6. i didnt know you were Matthews Father.
2006 Walch
i
lish
P ub
ng
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Capitalization
Titles of Written and Other Works
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Titles of written works should be capitalized. These include books,

chapters, short stories, poems, newspapers, articles, and magazines.
Also capitalized are titles of plays, television programs, movies, and
works of art. Prepositions and articles within the title should not be
capitalized unless they are the first or last words.
Examples: The Catcher in the Rye, Stopping by Woods on a
Snowy Evening, American Idol
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
List a written work for each of the following categories. Be sure to

1. favorite book __________________________________________________

2. favorite short story ______________________________________________
155
3. popular newspaper _____________________________________________

4. favorite magazine ______________________________________________
5. favorite play __________________________________________________
6. favorite television series _________________________________________
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Capitalization
Titles of Written and Other Works
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Titles of written works should be capitalized. These include books,

chapters, short stories, poems, newspapers, articles, and magazines.
Also capitalized are titles of plays, television programs, movies, and
works of art. Prepositions and articles within the title should not be
capitalized unless they are the first or last words.
Examples: The Catcher in the Rye, Stopping by Woods on a
Snowy Evening, American Idol
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
List a written work for each of the following categories. Be sure to

1. favorite book __________________________________________________

2. favorite short story ______________________________________________
155
3. popular newspaper _____________________________________________

4. favorite magazine ______________________________________________
5. favorite play __________________________________________________
6. favorite television series _________________________________________
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Capitalization
Capitalization Review I
Daily
Wa
Read the following sentences. Correct any words that need to be

capitalized. Some words may be capitalized that should not be.
Draw a line through each letter that is incorrectly capitalized.
rm
-U
ps
:G
1. someday i want to climb Mount washington.

2. my Dad said he would help me buy the car thats for sale down the
Street, but I dont want a volkswagen jetta.
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
3. on september 18, i will be eighteen years old.

4. my favorite teacher is mrs. kennedy. she teaches english.
5. on our trip to california, we went to the san diego Zoo.
156
6. our house is just down the street from yours at 349 wallingford way.
7. this Summer i want to go see the boston red sox at Fenway park.
8. my Grandmother is irish, and my Grandfather is italian.
2006 Walch P
sh i
ubli
ng
Capitalization
Capitalization Review I
Daily
Wa
Read the following sentences. Correct any words that need to be

capitalized. Some words may be capitalized that should not be.
Draw a line through each letter that is incorrectly capitalized.
rm
-U
:G
ps
1. someday i want to climb Mount washington.

2. my Dad said he would help me buy the car thats for sale down the
Street, but I dont want a volkswagen jetta.
ra
mm
ar
3. on september 18, i will be eighteen years old.

4. my favorite teacher is mrs. kennedy. she teaches english.
5. on our trip to california, we went to the san diego Zoo.
156
6. our house is just down the street from yours at 349 wallingford way.
7. this Summer i want to go see the boston red sox at Fenway park.
8. my Grandmother is irish, and my Grandfather is italian.
2006 Walch P
sh i
ubli
ng
&U
sage
Capitalization
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Capitalization Review II
War
s:
1. the civil war __________________

2. my Dad __________________
a
Gr
Daily
p
-U
Write the following items on the lines. Correct any capitalization

errors. Write correct on the line if there are no errors.
3. labor day in september __________________

4. lake erie __________________
5. the Governor of indiana __________________
6. the boston globe __________________
7. my brother martin __________________
157
8. elementary school __________________

9. algebra I and geometry __________________
10. summer in maine __________________
11. the democratic party __________________
12. visit the Northeast __________________
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Capitalization
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Capitalization Review II
a
Gr
Daily
War
p
-U
s:
Write the following items on the lines. Correct any capitalization

errors. Write correct on the line if there are no errors.
1. the civil war __________________
2. my Dad __________________
3. labor day in september __________________
4. lake erie __________________
5. the Governor of indiana __________________
6. the boston globe __________________
7. my brother martin __________________
157
8. elementary school __________________

9. algebra I and geometry __________________
10. summer in maine __________________
11. the democratic party __________________
12. visit the Northeast __________________
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Capitalization
Capitalization Review III

Daily
Write a sentence for each of the following topics. Be sure to

Wa
rm
-U
1. football team ______________________________________
ps
:G
2. favorite place to visit _________________________________
ra
3. your heritage __________________________________________
mm
ar
4. your states governor _________________________________________
&U
sage
5. a brand name _______________________________________________________

6. your favorite movie ________________________________________________
7. a holiday memory ________________________________________________
158
8. a region of the United States _____________________________________

9. a family member _______________________________________________
10. the street your school is on _______________________________________
2006 Walch P
sh i
ubli
ng
Capitalization
Capitalization Review III

Daily
Write a sentence for each of the following topics. Be sure to

Wa
-U
:G
ps
2. favorite place to visit _________________________________
rm
1. football team ______________________________________
3. your heritage __________________________________________

4. your states governor _________________________________________
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
5. a brand name _______________________________________________________

6. your favorite movie ________________________________________________
7. a holiday memory ________________________________________________
158
8. a region of the United States _____________________________________

9. a family member _______________________________________________
10. the street your school is on _______________________________________
2006 Walch P
sh i
ubli
ng
Capitalization
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Capitalization Review IV
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Write a check mark next to the sentences that are capitalized

correctly.
___ 1. My Mother said she would rent Lord of the Rings for us
this weekend.
___ 2. We found several artifacts from World War II at the museum.

___ 3. I think you should take Elm street to the theater.
___ 4. My favorite Shakespeare play is Romeo And Juliet.
___
5. I will attend Dickinson College in Pennsylvania next fall.
___
6. We will travel throughout the midwest this Summer.
___
7. Thanksgiving always falls on the third Thursday in November.
___
8. My Aunt Millies apartment is just South of Boston.
___
9. Even though Dad is a Republican, hes voting for the Democratic

Party candidate.
___ 10. Grammy hayes will pick you up out front. Shell be in the Cadillac.
159
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Capitalization
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Capitalization Review IV
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Write a check mark next to the sentences that are capitalized

correctly.
___ 1. My Mother said she would rent Lord of the Rings for us
this weekend.
___ 2. We found several artifacts from World War II at the museum.

___ 3. I think you should take Elm street to the theater.
___ 4. My favorite Shakespeare play is Romeo And Juliet.
___
5. I will attend Dickinson College in Pennsylvania next fall.
___
6. We will travel throughout the midwest this Summer.
___
7. Thanksgiving always falls on the third Thursday in November.
___
8. My Aunt Millies apartment is just South of Boston.
___
9. Even though Dad is a Republican, hes voting for the Democratic

Party candidate.
___ 10. Grammy hayes will pick you up out front. Shell be in the Cadillac.
159
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Capitalization
Capitalization Review V
Daily
Wa
List as many rules for capitalization as you can in the space below.
You should be able to think of at least twenty. Review your list
with a classmate to see what you are missing.
rm
-U
ps
:G
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
160
2006 Walch P
sh i
ubli
ng
Capitalization
Capitalization Review V
Daily
Wa
List as many rules for capitalization as you can in the space below.
You should be able to think of at least twenty. Review your list
with a classmate to see what you are missing.
rm
-U
ps
:G
160
2006 Walch P
sh i
ubli
ng
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Punctuation
End Marks
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Sentences can end with periods, question marks, or exclamation

points. This depends on the type of sentence. A declarative
sentence (DS) makes a statement and ends with a period. An
imperative sentence (IM) makes a request or gives a direction or
command and ends with a period or an exclamation point. An
a
r
interrogative sentence (IN) asks a question and ends with a question
G
s:
p
mark. An exclamatory sentence (ES) expresses strong emotion and ends
U
rma
W
with an exclamation point.
Daily
Read the following sentences and add the correct end punctuation. Using the
letters in parentheses above, write the type of sentence on the line.
___ 1. Where have you been
161
___ 2. Ouch That hurts

___ 3. My neighbor gave me a ride to school
___ 4. Take the cat off the counter
___ 5. Please bring your books to class on Monday
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Punctuation
End Marks
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Sentences can end with periods, question marks, or exclamation

points. This depends on the type of sentence. A declarative
sentence (DS) makes a statement and ends with a period. An
imperative sentence (IM) makes a request or gives a direction or
command and ends with a period or an exclamation point. An
a
r
interrogative sentence (IN) asks a question and ends with a question
G
s:
p
mark. An exclamatory sentence (ES) expresses strong emotion and ends
U
rma
W
with an exclamation point.
Daily
Read the following sentences and add the correct end punctuation. Using the
letters in parentheses above, write the type of sentence on the line.
___ 1. Where have you been
161
___ 2. Ouch That hurts

___ 3. My neighbor gave me a ride to school
___ 4. Take the cat off the counter
___ 5. Please bring your books to class on Monday
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Punctuation
Periods in Abbreviations
Wa
rm
-U
Examples: Mrs., Dr., Ulysses S. Grant, A.M., P.M., Ave.,

Rd., Inc.
Daily
Periods are used at the ends of sentences. Periods are also used at
the end of abbreviations.
ps
:G
List as many abbreviations that use periods as you can in the space
below.
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Now use five of the abbreviations you listed above in sentences.
162
2006 Walch
i
lish
P ub
ng
Bonus: What abbreviations do not use periods?
Punctuation
Periods in Abbreviations
rm
-U
Now use five of the abbreviations you listed above in sentences.
162
2006 Walch
i
lish
P ub
ng
Bonus: What abbreviations do not use periods?
:G
ps
List as many abbreviations that use periods as you can in the space
below.
Wa
Examples: Mrs., Dr., Ulysses S. Grant, A.M., P.M., Ave.,

Rd., Inc.
Daily
Periods are used at the ends of sentences. Periods are also used at
the end of abbreviations.
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Punctuation
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Commas in a Series
Daily
War
p
-U
Gr
s:
Commas are used to help avoid confusion in sentences. They

separate items, and they enclose items. Commas are often used to
separate items in a series.
Example: The fruit salad has cantaloupe, grapes, pineapple,
honeydew, and watermelon in it.
Read the following sentences. Add any necessary commas, and cross out
any that are unnecessary.
1. I will attend, Boston College, the University of Massachusetts, or Harvard.
2. My mother my father and my sister all went to Boston College.

3. My friends are attending colleges in California, Colorado and Florida.
163
4. What college I attend depends on what I get for financial aid what
scholarships I am awarded and how much money my parents can
contribute.
5. I am excited about college, but first I have to, be accepted, complete my
senior project, and graduate from high school.
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Punctuation
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Commas in a Series
Daily
War
p
-U
Gr
s:
Commas are used to help avoid confusion in sentences. They

separate items, and they enclose items. Commas are often used to
separate items in a series.
Example: The fruit salad has cantaloupe, grapes, pineapple,
honeydew, and watermelon in it.
Read the following sentences. Add any necessary commas, and cross out
any that are unnecessary.
1. I will attend, Boston College, the University of Massachusetts, or Harvard.
2. My mother my father and my sister all went to Boston College.

3. My friends are attending colleges in California, Colorado and Florida.
163
4. What college I attend depends on what I get for financial aid what
scholarships I am awarded and how much money my parents can
contribute.
5. I am excited about college, but first I have to, be accepted, complete my
senior project, and graduate from high school.
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Punctuation
Commas Between Two Adjectives

Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
Sometimes commas should separate two adjectives that precede a

noun. You can tell if the comma is necessary by putting the word
and between the adjectives. If the sentence still makes sense, a
comma is necessary. If the sentence does not make sense, the
comma should be omitted. Usually commas are unnecessary after
numbers or adjectives that refer to size, shape, or age.
ra
ma
Examples: Make sure you bring that big yellow umbrella. (Big and
r&
Usag
e
yellow umbrella doesnt make sense.)
Make sure you bring that old, worn-out umbrella. (Old and worn-out
umbrella makes sense.)
Read the following sentences. If a comma should be inserted between the

adjectives, write C on the line. Write N if no comma is necessary.
164
___ 1. Emily left three short messages on our voice mail at home.
___ 2. The hot humid weather should be here by the end of the month.
___ 3. Youve had those old dirty sneakers since middle school.
2006 Walch P
sh i
ubli
ng
___ 4. That baby has the most beautiful bright blue eyes.
Punctuation
Commas Between Two Adjectives

Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
Sometimes commas should separate two adjectives that precede a

noun. You can tell if the comma is necessary by putting the word
and between the adjectives. If the sentence still makes sense, a
comma is necessary. If the sentence does not make sense, the
comma should be omitted. Usually commas are unnecessary after
numbers or adjectives that refer to size, shape, or age.
ra
ma
Examples: Make sure you bring that big yellow umbrella. (Big and
r&
Usag
e
yellow umbrella doesnt make sense.)
Make sure you bring that old, worn-out umbrella. (Old and worn-out
umbrella makes sense.)
Read the following sentences. If a comma should be inserted between the

adjectives, write C on the line. Write N if no comma is necessary.
164
___ 1. Emily left three short messages on our voice mail at home.
___ 2. The hot humid weather should be here by the end of the month.
___ 3. Youve had those old dirty sneakers since middle school.
2006 Walch P
sh i
ubli
ng
___ 4. That baby has the most beautiful bright blue eyes.
Punctuation
A comma is necessary to separate two independent clauses in a

sentence if the clauses are joined by a conjunction.
Example: My family went to Florida, and Sayeeds family
went to California.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Commas in Compound Sentences
Below are pairs of independent clauses. Put each pair together using
ra
G
commas and conjunctions.
:
ps
U
arm
1. my favorite fruit is watermelon
my sisters favorite is kiwi
W
y
l
i
Da
________________________________________________________
2. I am on the baseball team
Kendra is on the track team
_____________________________________________________________
3. Billy rode his bike
165
his mother walked the dog
_____________________________________________________________
4. Tawana put up the tent
Jacob built a fire
_____________________________________________________________
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Punctuation
A comma is necessary to separate two independent clauses in a

sentence if the clauses are joined by a conjunction.
Example: My family went to Florida, and Sayeeds family
went to California.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Commas in Compound Sentences
Below are pairs of independent clauses. Put each pair together using
ra
G
commas and conjunctions.
:
ps
U
arm
1. my favorite fruit is watermelon
my sisters favorite is kiwi
W
y
l
i
Da
________________________________________________________
2. I am on the baseball team
Kendra is on the track team
_____________________________________________________________
3. Billy rode his bike
165
his mother walked the dog
_____________________________________________________________
4. Tawana put up the tent
Jacob built a fire
_____________________________________________________________
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
Punctuation
Commas and Introductory Elements

Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
A comma is necessary after introductory elements such as

prepositional phrases, participial phrases, and adverb clauses.
Prepositional phrase: After we went to dinner, we saw a
movie.
Participial phrase: Walking by the classroom, I noticed we
had a substitute.
Adverb clause: Because I was running late, I needed a ride to
school.
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Read the following sentences. Add a comma when necessary.
1. If you want to go to the concert you have to get tickets immediately.
166
2006 Walch P
2. In 2001 terrorists flew planes into the World Trade Center.

3. Listening to the lecture I realized I left my notes at home.
4. Under several stacks of paper I found my application.
sh
ubli
i ng
5. Since you werent here yesterday we decided to do the presentation

without you.
Punctuation
Commas and Introductory Elements

Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
A comma is necessary after introductory elements such as

prepositional phrases, participial phrases, and adverb clauses.
Prepositional phrase: After we went to dinner, we saw a
movie.
Participial phrase: Walking by the classroom, I noticed we
had a substitute.
Adverb clause: Because I was running late, I needed a ride to
school.
ra
mm
ar
&U
sage
Read the following sentences. Add a comma when necessary.
1. If you want to go to the concert you have to get tickets immediately.
166
2006 Walch P
sh
ubli
2. In 2001 terrorists flew planes into the World Trade Center.

3. Listening to the lecture I realized I left my notes at home.
4. Under several stacks of paper I found my application.
i ng
5. Since you werent here yesterday we decided to do the presentation

without you.
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Punctuation
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Commas in Dates, Addresses, and

Letters
Commas are used to separate parts of dates and addresses.
Examples: On June 3, 2006, my sister graduated from high
school.
We live at 442 Camden Lane, Chestnut Hill,
Connecticut 06226.
Commas are also used in letters and e-mails after salutations and closings.
Examples: Dear Mrs. Rodriguez,
Love,
Sincerely,
167
Imagine you are setting up an interview for a scholarship. E-mail the person who
will be interviewing you. Tell him or her where you live and when you will be
available for an interview. Be sure to use commas correctly.
200
6
Walc
h Publish ing
ma
r&
Usa
ge
Punctuation
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Commas in Dates, Addresses, and

Letters
Commas are used to separate parts of dates and addresses.
Examples: On June 3, 2006, my sister graduated from high
school.
We live at 442 Camden Lane, Chestnut Hill,
Connecticut 06226.
Commas are also used in letters and e-mails after salutations and closings.
Examples: Dear Mrs. Rodriguez,
Love,
Sincerely,
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Imagine you are setting up an interview for a scholarship. E-mail the person who
will be interviewing you. Tell him or her where you live and when you will be
available for an interview. Be sure to use commas correctly.
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Punctuation
Commas are used in direct address.
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Example: Jade, have you heard about the game?
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Commas in Direct Address and

Parenthetical Expressions
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Commas are also used in parenthetical expressions. This is

information in the sentence that can be taken out without changing the
meaning.
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Example: By the way, do you have any extra gym clothes?
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Read the following sentences and add commas when necessary.

1. The teachers I believe are all in a meeting.
2.
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Where Mr. Beckett do you suggest I write my reply?
3. To tell you the truth Leah Ive never heard of anything like that.
4. This car on the other hand seems as though it will suit your needs.
5. Kristy please hand me the remote.
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6. I do however think I can finish my essay by tomorrow.
Punctuation
Commas are used in direct address.
Wa
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Example: Jade, have you heard about the game?
Daily
Commas in Direct Address and

Parenthetical Expressions
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ps
Commas are also used in parenthetical expressions. This is

information in the sentence that can be taken out without changing the
meaning.
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Example: By the way, do you have any extra gym clothes?

Read the following sentences and add commas when necessary.
1. The teachers I believe are all in a meeting.
2.
168
Where Mr. Beckett do you suggest I write my reply?
3. To tell you the truth Leah Ive never heard of anything like that.
4. This car on the other hand seems as though it will suit your needs.
5. Kristy please hand me the remote.
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6. I do however think I can finish my essay by tomorrow.
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Punctuation
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Setting Off Appositives
Daily
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Gr
s:
Commas are used to set off appositives. Remember that an

appositive identifies or explains a noun or pronoun in a sentence.
Example: Henry, the boy I babysit, takes a long nap in the
afternoon.
Read the following sentences. Write a check mark next to the

sentences that have commas in the correct places.
___ 1. Amanda my best friend is leaving for college next week.
___ 2. After dinner we had dessert, something we havent had in a long time.
___ 3. Kelisha, our teams leading scorer, will be out for the rest of the season.
___ 4. Mrs. Simmons my favorite teacher never gives homework over the weekend.
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___ 5. John, my cousin, writes a column for the school newspaper.

___ 6. Belle the best dancer in the class has won many competitions.
___ 7. Mr. Menendez the lab assistant helped us write our reports.
___ 8. Sydney, typically a loner, ate her lunch with a classmate today.
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Punctuation
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Setting Off Appositives
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Commas are used to set off appositives. Remember that an

appositive identifies or explains a noun or pronoun in a sentence.
Example: Henry, the boy I babysit, takes a long nap in the
afternoon.
Read the following sentences. Write a check mark next to the

sentences that have commas in the correct places.
___ 1. Amanda my best friend is leaving for college next week.
___ 2. After dinner we had dessert, something we havent had in a long time.
___ 3. Kelisha, our teams leading scorer, will be out for the rest of the season.
___ 4. Mrs. Simmons my favorite teacher never gives homework over the weekend.
169
___ 5. John, my cousin, writes a column for the school newspaper.

___ 6. Belle the best dancer in the class has won many competitions.
___ 7. Mr. Menendez the lab assistant helped us write our reports.
___ 8. Sydney, typically a loner, ate her lunch with a classmate today.
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Punctuation
Put In the Punctuation

Daily
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ps
In the space below, write a paragraph about your morning, but do

not include any end marks or commas. Exchange paragraphs with
a classmate. Insert any punctuation necessary in your classmates
paragraph. Then return the paragraphs. Check to see if your
classmate inserted the proper punctuation in your paragraph.
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170
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Punctuation
Put In the Punctuation
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Daily
In the space below, write a paragraph about your morning, but do

not include any end marks or commas. Exchange paragraphs with
a classmate. Insert any punctuation necessary in your classmates
paragraph. Then return the paragraphs. Check to see if your
classmate inserted the proper punctuation in your paragraph.
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Punctuation
You have just spent some time reviewing commas. Think of all the
rules for when commas are needed. List as many as you can below.
You should be able to think of at least ten.
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Comma Rules
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Gr
s:
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200
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Punctuation
You have just spent some time reviewing commas. Think of all the
rules for when commas are needed. List as many as you can below.
You should be able to think of at least ten.
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Comma Rules
Daily
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Gr
s:
171
200
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Punctuation
Italics and Quotation Marks

Daily
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Italics are used for most titles. These include books, magazines,
newspapers, plays, movies, television programs, long musical
compositions, works of art, and names of vehicles such as ships and
space shuttles. Quotation marks are also used for titles. These
include chapters in books, poems in books, articles in magazines or
newspapers, episodes of television series, and songs.
Read the following sentences. Underline anything that should be in italics,

and insert quotation marks where appropriate.
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1. We have to recite Frosts Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.

2. When I was younger, my favorite book was Tuck Everlasting.
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3. I love almost all Disney movies, but my favorite is The Little Mermaid.
4. That was a wonderful rendition of America the Beautiful.
5. My father reads the Wall Street Journal every morning.
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6. One of my favorite episodes of Friends was The One Where Everybody

Finds Out.
Punctuation
Italics and Quotation Marks

Daily
Wa
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-U
:G
ps
Italics are used for most titles. These include books, magazines,
newspapers, plays, movies, television programs, long musical
compositions, works of art, and names of vehicles such as ships and
space shuttles. Quotation marks are also used for titles. These
include chapters in books, poems in books, articles in magazines or
newspapers, episodes of television series, and songs.
Read the following sentences. Underline anything that should be in italics,

and insert quotation marks where appropriate.
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1. We have to recite Frosts Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.

2. When I was younger, my favorite book was Tuck Everlasting.
172
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3. I love almost all Disney movies, but my favorite is The Little Mermaid.
4. That was a wonderful rendition of America the Beautiful.
5. My father reads the Wall Street Journal every morning.
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6. One of my favorite episodes of Friends was The One Where Everybody

Finds Out.
Punctuation
Read the following sentences. You will notice that the quotation
marks have been omitted. Insert the quotation marks when
needed.
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Inserting Quotation Marks
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Gr
s:
1. Hannah, have you read Maya Angelous poem Phenomenal

Woman? Mr. Harrison asked.
2. Your father said that he will drop you off at school on his way to work.
3. That building over there, he said, is the tallest building in the city.
4. Did you hear your grandmother say happy birthday?
5. I think the chapter titled The Ghost Returns is the scariest part of
this novel.
173
6. Our history teacher told us that he wouldnt give us homework

this weekend.
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Punctuation
Read the following sentences. You will notice that the quotation
marks have been omitted. Insert the quotation marks when
needed.
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Inserting Quotation Marks
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
1. Hannah, have you read Maya Angelous poem Phenomenal

Woman? Mr. Harrison asked.
2. Your father said that he will drop you off at school on his way to work.
3. That building over there, he said, is the tallest building in the city.
4. Did you hear your grandmother say happy birthday?
5. I think the chapter titled The Ghost Returns is the scariest part of
this novel.
173
6. Our history teacher told us that he wouldnt give us homework

this weekend.
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Punctuation
Apostrophes
Daily
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Apostrophes are most commonly used to show possession and in

contractions.
Examples: Is that Dads car? (possession)
No, that isnt his car. (contraction for is not)
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ps
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Use apostrophes to turn the following words into possessives.
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1. Simon ______________
4. players ______________
2. women ______________
5. Travis ______________
3. everyone ______________
6. sister-in-law ______________
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Turn the following pairs of words into contractions and use each in a sentence.
174
7. cannot
8. he is
9. they are
10. you would
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Punctuation
Apostrophes
Daily
Wa
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Apostrophes are most commonly used to show possession and in

contractions.
Examples: Is that Dads car? (possession)
No, that isnt his car. (contraction for is not)
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ps
Use apostrophes to turn the following words into possessives.
ra
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1. Simon ______________
4. players ______________
2. women ______________
5. Travis ______________
3. everyone ______________
6. sister-in-law ______________
ar
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Turn the following pairs of words into contractions and use each in a sentence.
174
7. cannot
8. he is
9. they are
10. you would
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Punctuation
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Semicolons
Daily
mWar
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Gr
s:
Semicolons are used between clauses of a compound sentence that

are not joined by a conjunction. Semicolons also help avoid
confusion.
Read the following sentences. If the semicolons are used correctly,

write C on the line. If they are used incorrectly, write I on the line.
___ 1. I have never been to Boise, Idaho; Sacramento, California; or

Tallahassee, Florida.
___ 2. Antonio is tall, Stacy is short.

___ 3. We are having chicken, rice, and salad for dinner; so dont spoil
your appetite.
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___ 4. Esther plays in a band; Kayla plays solo.

___ 5. I brought the graham crackers, marshmallows, and chocolate; you go in
the woods and get sticks.
___ 6. Running inside with scissors; Bill could have hurt himself.
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Punctuation
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Semicolons
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Semicolons are used between clauses of a compound sentence that

are not joined by a conjunction. Semicolons also help avoid
confusion.
Read the following sentences. If the semicolons are used correctly,

write C on the line. If they are used incorrectly, write I on the line.
___ 1. I have never been to Boise, Idaho; Sacramento, California; or

Tallahassee, Florida.
___ 2. Antonio is tall, Stacy is short.

___ 3. We are having chicken, rice, and salad for dinner; so dont spoil
your appetite.
175
___ 4. Esther plays in a band; Kayla plays solo.

___ 5. I brought the graham crackers, marshmallows, and chocolate; you go in
the woods and get sticks.
___ 6. Running inside with scissors; Bill could have hurt himself.
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Punctuation
Colons
Daily
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Colons are used before most lists. Often the colon is preceded by
the words the following. Colons are also used to introduce long
quotations. They are used between hours and minutes in time,
between titles and subtitles, and after salutations in business letters.
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Write five sentences about how you spend your weekends. You must use
at least one colon in each sentence.
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Punctuation
Colons
Daily
Wa
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Colons are used before most lists. Often the colon is preceded by
the words the following. Colons are also used to introduce long
quotations. They are used between hours and minutes in time,
between titles and subtitles, and after salutations in business letters.
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ps
:G
Write five sentences about how you spend your weekends. You must use
at least one colon in each sentence.
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Punctuation
Hyphens
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Hyphens are used when writing out the numbers twenty-one

through ninety-nine. They are used in compound nouns such as
mother-in-law and compound adjectives such as all-around. Hyphens
also appear in fractions when the fractions are used as adjectives.
Hyphens separate the prefixes ex-, self-, and all- from their base
words. Hyphens also separate prefixes from proper nouns and adjectives.
Daily
mWar
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Gr
s:
Write sentences that include each of the following uses of hyphens.
1. numbers ______________________________________________________
177
2. compound nouns _______________________________________________

3. compound adjectives ___________________________________________
4. fractions _____________________________________________________
5. prefixes ______________________________________________________
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Punctuation
Hyphens
ma
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Hyphens are used when writing out the numbers twenty-one

through ninety-nine. They are used in compound nouns such as
mother-in-law and compound adjectives such as all-around. Hyphens
also appear in fractions when the fractions are used as adjectives.
Hyphens separate the prefixes ex-, self-, and all- from their base
words. Hyphens also separate prefixes from proper nouns and adjectives.
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
Write sentences that include each of the following uses of hyphens.
1. numbers ______________________________________________________
177
2. compound nouns _______________________________________________

3. compound adjectives ___________________________________________
4. fractions _____________________________________________________
5. prefixes ______________________________________________________
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Punctuation
Dashes and Parentheses

Daily
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Dashes and parentheses work to set off information much as

commas do. Dashes set off an abrupt change in thought, an
appositive that is introduced by words such as for example and for
instance, and parenthetical expressions or appositives that include
commas. Parentheses are used to set off information that is not closely
related to the meaning of the sentence.
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Read the following sentences. Insert dashes and parentheses when needed.
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1. Where is the girl she just moved in across the street going?
2. We walked or should I say crawled back to our hotel room after a long day.
3. Three teachers Mr. Dugan, Ms. Ortiz, and Ms. Thayer are all nominated for
the Teacher of the Year award.
178
4. That puppy often found sleeping in his cage bites my fingers when he plays.
Now write two sentences of your own. One should contain dashes, and one
should contain parentheses.
2006 Walch P
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Punctuation
Dashes and Parentheses

Daily
Wa
rm
-U
:G
ps
Dashes and parentheses work to set off information much as

commas do. Dashes set off an abrupt change in thought, an
appositive that is introduced by words such as for example and for
instance, and parenthetical expressions or appositives that include
commas. Parentheses are used to set off information that is not closely
related to the meaning of the sentence.
Read the following sentences. Insert dashes and parentheses when needed.
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1. Where is the girl she just moved in across the street going?
2. We walked or should I say crawled back to our hotel room after a long day.
3. Three teachers Mr. Dugan, Ms. Ortiz, and Ms. Thayer are all nominated for
the Teacher of the Year award.
178
4. That puppy often found sleeping in his cage bites my fingers when he plays.
Now write two sentences of your own. One should contain dashes, and one
should contain parentheses.
2006 Walch P
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Punctuation
Read each of the following sentences, paying close attention

to the punctuation. If the punctuation is correct, write C on
the line. If it is incorrect, write I on the line and correct the
punctuation errors.
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Punctuation Review I
Daily
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Gr
s:
___ 1. Isnt your application due Monday, May 1 by 12:00 A.M.?
___ 2. Out of all twenty-one of you, only two submitted well written essays.
___ 3. Omar after youre finished vacuuming will you please help me fold the
laundry make the bed and take out the trash
___ 4. Please choose two of the following activities for winter carnival; ice
skating, snow sculpture, sledding, ice hockey, cross-country skiing,
and snowshoeing.
179
___ 5. Benjamin Franklina statesman, a scientist, an inventor, and a

philosopherwas one of our Founding Fathers.
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Punctuation
Read each of the following sentences, paying close attention

to the punctuation. If the punctuation is correct, write C on
the line. If it is incorrect, write I on the line and correct the
punctuation errors.
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Punctuation Review I
Daily
mWar
Up
Gr
s:
___ 1. Isnt your application due Monday, May 1 by 12:00 A.M.?
___ 2. Out of all twenty-one of you, only two submitted well written essays.
___ 3. Omar after youre finished vacuuming will you please help me fold the
laundry make the bed and take out the trash
___ 4. Please choose two of the following activities for winter carnival; ice
skating, snow sculpture, sledding, ice hockey, cross-country skiing,
and snowshoeing.
179
___ 5. Benjamin Franklina statesman, a scientist, an inventor, and a

philosopherwas one of our Founding Fathers.
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Punctuation
Punctuation Review II
Daily
Write a paragraph about what you think your life will be like in
ten years. Do not include punctuation. Write sentences that
should include commas, quotation marks, apostrophes, semicolons,
colons, hyphens, dashes, and parentheses. Then exchange your
paragraph with a classmate and fill in the punctuation. When
finished, return paragraphs and check to see if your classmate correctly
filled in all the missing punctuation.
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Punctuation
Punctuation Review II
Daily
Write a paragraph about what you think your life will be like in
ten years. Do not include punctuation. Write sentences that
should include commas, quotation marks, apostrophes, semicolons,
colons, hyphens, dashes, and parentheses. Then exchange your
paragraph with a classmate and fill in the punctuation. When
finished, return paragraphs and check to see if your classmate correctly
filled in all the missing punctuation.
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Answer Key
1. Concrete nouns name people, places, and things.

Abstract nouns name ideas. Lists of concrete and
abstract nouns will vary.
2. 1. C; 2. C; 3. A; 4. A; 5. C; 6. A; 7. C; 8. A; 9. A;
10. C; 11. C; 12. A
3. 1. grandmother, United States, Ireland, Great
Depression; 2. brother, school, Toyota Camry;
3. Ryan, nights, weekends, Parkers Restaurant;
4. Aunt Hilda, iPod, birthday; 5. high school,
college, Boston University
4. Answers will vary.
5. Compound: first aid, home run, post office,
washing machine, sleeping bag, paperback, fish
tank, bystander, greenhouse, motorcycle, software
Collective: gang, group, crew, league, crowd, tribe,
family, orchestra, herd, committee
6. 1. Bianca and Erin went to the mall to shop for
their prom dresses. 2. Jamie found the exact dress
that she was looking for. 3. Erin found a dress that
she loved, but it wasnt her size. 4. The
salesperson helped Erin look for her dress in

another color.
7.
First Person
Singular/Plural
I, me, my, mine

we, us, our, ours
Second Person
Singular/Plural
you, your, yours

you, your, yours
Third Person
Singular/Plural
he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its

they, them, their, theirs
8. 1. Mrs. Edwards, her; 2. Jorge, Derek, they;

3. gym, it; 4. mother, her, children, they, their;
5. Miranda, her, test, she, it
9. 1. herself, R; 2. yourself, I; 3. himself, R; 4. herself,
I; 5. myself, R
10. Lists will vary but may include all, another, any,
anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either,
everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, most,
neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, others,
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Answer Key
1. Concrete nouns name people, places, and things.

Abstract nouns name ideas. Lists of concrete and
abstract nouns will vary.
2. 1. C; 2. C; 3. A; 4. A; 5. C; 6. A; 7. C; 8. A; 9. A;
10. C; 11. C; 12. A
3. 1. grandmother, United States, Ireland, Great
Depression; 2. brother, school, Toyota Camry;
3. Ryan, nights, weekends, Parkers Restaurant;
4. Aunt Hilda, iPod, birthday; 5. high school,
college, Boston University
5. Compound: first aid, home run, post office,
washing machine, sleeping bag, paperback, fish
tank, bystander, greenhouse, motorcycle, software
Collective: gang, group, crew, league, crowd, tribe,
family, orchestra, herd, committee
6. 1. Bianca and Erin went to the mall to shop for
their prom dresses. 2. Jamie found the exact dress
that she was looking for. 3. Erin found a dress that
she loved, but it wasnt her size. 4. The
salesperson helped Erin look for her dress in

another color.
7.
First Person
Singular/Plural
I, me, my, mine

we, us, our, ours
Second Person
Singular/Plural
you, your, yours

you, your, yours
Third Person
Singular/Plural
he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its

they, them, their, theirs
8. 1. Mrs. Edwards, her; 2. Jorge, Derek, they;

3. gym, it; 4. mother, her, children, they, their;
5. Miranda, her, test, she, it
9. 1. herself, R; 2. yourself, I; 3. himself, R; 4. herself,
I; 5. myself, R
10. Lists will vary but may include all, another, any,
anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either,
everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, most,
neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, others,
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Answer Key
several, some, someone. Sentences will vary.

11. 1. Who, that; 2. Whose, this; 3. these; 4. Which,
that; 5. those; 6. What
12. 1. reflexive or intensive; 2. interrogative;
3. indefinite; 4. demonstrative; 5. personal;
6. indefinite; 7. personal; 8. demonstrative;
9. interrogative; 10. indefinite; 11. personal;
12. intensive
13. 1. raised, asked; 2. popped; 3. flew; 4. applied;
5. rode; 6. ate, watched
14. 1. A; 2. A; 3. B; 4. A; 5. B
15. 1. T; 2. I; 3. T; 4. T; 5. I; 6. I
16. Answers will vary but should include many of the
following: is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been,
has, have, had, do, does, did, may, might, must,
can, could, shall, should, will, would
17. 1. will be finished; 2. should write; 3. are giving;
4. is going; 5. might take; 6. have been running;
7. was rushing; 8. were looking
18. 1. Y; 2. N; 3. Y; 4. Y; 5. N
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
Paragraphs will vary.

Sentences will vary.
Answers will vary.
Adjectives will vary.
1. well-dressed, French; 2. fifteen-minute,
American; 3. three-headed; 4. Boston;
5. fair-skinned, high-heeled
1. a; 2. an; 3. an; 4. a; 5. a; 6. an; 7. a; 8. a; 9. an;
10. a; 11. an; 12. a
1. favorite, the, tall, black; 2. a, long, exhausting,
the; 3. The, excessive; 4. a, gorgeous; 5. a,
stunning, gold; 6. The, narrow; 7. two, delicious,
the, Italian; 8. The, little, a , pink, new
The following should be checked: 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9,
11, 13, 14, 15
1. carefully; 2. basically; 3. easily; 4. comfortably;
5. rarely; 6. happily; 7. drastically; 8. quickly;
9. equally; 10. variably; 11. barely; 12. terribly
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Answer Key
several, some, someone. Sentences will vary.

11. 1. Who, that; 2. Whose, this; 3. these; 4. Which,
that; 5. those; 6. What
12. 1. reflexive or intensive; 2. interrogative;
3. indefinite; 4. demonstrative; 5. personal;
6. indefinite; 7. personal; 8. demonstrative;
9. interrogative; 10. indefinite; 11. personal;
12. intensive
13. 1. raised, asked; 2. popped; 3. flew; 4. applied;
5. rode; 6. ate, watched
14. 1. A; 2. A; 3. B; 4. A; 5. B
15. 1. T; 2. I; 3. T; 4. T; 5. I; 6. I
16. Answers will vary but should include many of the
following: is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been,
has, have, had, do, does, did, may, might, must,
can, could, shall, should, will, would
17. 1. will be finished; 2. should write; 3. are giving;
4. is going; 5. might take; 6. have been running;
7. was rushing; 8. were looking
18. 1. Y; 2. N; 3. Y; 4. Y; 5. N
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.

Answers will vary.
Adjectives will vary.
1. well-dressed, French; 2. fifteen-minute,
American; 3. three-headed; 4. Boston;
5. fair-skinned, high-heeled
1. a; 2. an; 3. an; 4. a; 5. a; 6. an; 7. a; 8. a; 9. an;
10. a; 11. an; 12. a
1. favorite, the, tall, black; 2. a, long, exhausting,
the; 3. The, excessive; 4. a, gorgeous; 5. a,
stunning, gold; 6. The, narrow; 7. two, delicious,
the, Italian; 8. The, little, a , pink, new
The following should be checked: 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9,
11, 13, 14, 15
1. carefully; 2. basically; 3. easily; 4. comfortably;
5. rarely; 6. happily; 7. drastically; 8. quickly;
9. equally; 10. variably; 11. barely; 12. terribly
183
Answer Key
30. 1. already, too, quickly; 2. quietly, outside;

3. sometimes, usually; 4. ever, again; 5. Yesterday,
today; 6. eagerly, near; 7. more, later; 8. rather,
well
31. Sentences will vary.
32. 1. a, fluffy white, the; 2. patiently, a snow;
3. the, a, an, extra, ten-minute; 4. eagerly, warm,
cozy; 5. Fortunately, three, too, late, previous
33. 1. onto; 2. to, with; 3. until; 4. during; 5. beside,
at; 6. no preposition
34. Lists will vary but may include the following:
about, above, across, after, against, along, among,
around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside,
between, beyond, by, down, during, for, from, in,
inside, into, of, off, on, onto, out, outside, over,
through, throughout, to, toward, under, up, upon,
with, within, without
35. 1. either, or; 2. whether, or; 3. but; 4. and; 5. not
only, but also; 6. and
36. Sentences will vary. Suggested answers: 1. I
37.
38.
39.
40.
remembered my book, but I forgot my homework.

2. I got home from school early, so I watched
television for an hour. 3. I want to visit the art
museum, or I want to visit the museum of natural
history. 4. I fell skiing down the mountain, and I
broke my wrist. 5. I got eleven hours of sleep last
night, yet I still feel tired.
Examples will vary.
1. a word that names a person, place, thing, or
idea; 2. a word that takes the place of one or more
nouns; used to eliminate repetition; 3. a word that
expresses action or being; 4. a word that describes
a noun or a pronoun; 5. a word that modifies a
verb, adjective, or other adverb; 6. a word that
shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun
and another word in the sentence; 7. a word that
joins other words or groups of words; 8. a word or
group of words that shows feeling
Answers will vary.
183
Answer Key
30. 1. already, too, quickly; 2. quietly, outside;

3. sometimes, usually; 4. ever, again; 5. Yesterday,
today; 6. eagerly, near; 7. more, later; 8. rather,
well
32. 1. a, fluffy white, the; 2. patiently, a snow;
3. the, a, an, extra, ten-minute; 4. eagerly, warm,
cozy; 5. Fortunately, three, too, late, previous
33. 1. onto; 2. to, with; 3. until; 4. during; 5. beside,
at; 6. no preposition
34. Lists will vary but may include the following:
about, above, across, after, against, along, among,
around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside,
between, beyond, by, down, during, for, from, in,
inside, into, of, off, on, onto, out, outside, over,
through, throughout, to, toward, under, up, upon,
with, within, without
35. 1. either, or; 2. whether, or; 3. but; 4. and; 5. not
only, but also; 6. and
36. Sentences will vary. Suggested answers: 1. I
37.
38.
39.
40.
remembered my book, but I forgot my homework.

2. I got home from school early, so I watched
television for an hour. 3. I want to visit the art
museum, or I want to visit the museum of natural
history. 4. I fell skiing down the mountain, and I
broke my wrist. 5. I got eleven hours of sleep last
night, yet I still feel tired.
Examples will vary.
1. a word that names a person, place, thing, or
idea; 2. a word that takes the place of one or more
nouns; used to eliminate repetition; 3. a word that
expresses action or being; 4. a word that describes
a noun or a pronoun; 5. a word that modifies a
verb, adjective, or other adverb; 6. a word that
shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun
and another word in the sentence; 7. a word that
joins other words or groups of words; 8. a word or
group of words that shows feeling
Answers will vary.
184
Answer Key
41. 1. S; 2. S; 3. F; 4. S; 5. S; 6. F
43. 1. interrogative; 2. imperative; 3. exclamatory;
4. declarative; 5. interrogative; 6. imperative;
7. declarative; 8. exclamatory
44. 1. puppy, played; 2. Henry, bought; 3. Kaylee,
locked; 4. Kyle, took
45. 1. A slice of apple pie; 2. The little black dog;
3. The lady across the street; 4. My sister Tiana;
5. Anthony
46. 1. chased our car down the street; 2. baked us
cookies when we moved in; 3. knows how to
make jewelry; 4. always gives tests on Mondays
48. 1. Y; 2. N; 3. Y; 4. Y; 5. N; 6. N
50. 1. me; 2. you; 3. class; 4. me; 5. you; 6. Ella
51. 1. sent (V), e-mail (D), Mr. Hernandez (I); 2. gave
(V), gift certificate (D), grandmother (I);
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
3. mailed (V), bill (D), parents (I); 4. made (V),

card (D), father (I); 5. read (V), story (D),
kindergartners (I); 6. threw (V), fastball (D),
batter (I)
1. dancer (PN), Emily (S); 2. pets (PN), dogs (S);
3. instructor (PN), Mr. Lopez (S); 4. player (PN),
Sanjay (S); 5. asset (PN), John (S)
1. N; 2. Y; 3. Y; 4. Y; 5. N; 6. N
1. shy (PA), teacher (S); 2. beautiful (PA), flowers
(S); 3. hot (PA), it (S); 4. old and tired (PA), dog
(S); 5. smart (PA), teacher (S)
1. RA; 2. PA; 3. PA; 4. RA; 5. PA; 6. RA
1. PN; 2. PA; 3. PA; 4. PA; 5. PN; 6. PN; 7. PN; 8.
PA
1. contains two or more subjects, uses the same
verb, and is joined by a conjunction such as and or
or; 2. contains two or more verbs, uses the same
subject, and is joined by a conjunction such as and
or or; 3. a noun or pronoun that receives the
184
Answer Key
41. 1. S; 2. S; 3. F; 4. S; 5. S; 6. F
43. 1. interrogative; 2. imperative; 3. exclamatory;
4. declarative; 5. interrogative; 6. imperative;
7. declarative; 8. exclamatory
44. 1. puppy, played; 2. Henry, bought; 3. Kaylee,
locked; 4. Kyle, took
45. 1. A slice of apple pie; 2. The little black dog;
3. The lady across the street; 4. My sister Tiana;
5. Anthony
46. 1. chased our car down the street; 2. baked us
cookies when we moved in; 3. knows how to
make jewelry; 4. always gives tests on Mondays
48. 1. Y; 2. N; 3. Y; 4. Y; 5. N; 6. N
50. 1. me; 2. you; 3. class; 4. me; 5. you; 6. Ella
51. 1. sent (V), e-mail (D), Mr. Hernandez (I); 2. gave
(V), gift certificate (D), grandmother (I);
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
3. mailed (V), bill (D), parents (I); 4. made (V),

card (D), father (I); 5. read (V), story (D),
kindergartners (I); 6. threw (V), fastball (D),
batter (I)
1. dancer (PN), Emily (S); 2. pets (PN), dogs (S);
3. instructor (PN), Mr. Lopez (S); 4. player (PN),
Sanjay (S); 5. asset (PN), John (S)
1. N; 2. Y; 3. Y; 4. Y; 5. N; 6. N
1. shy (PA), teacher (S); 2. beautiful (PA), flowers
(S); 3. hot (PA), it (S); 4. old and tired (PA), dog
(S); 5. smart (PA), teacher (S)
1. RA; 2. PA; 3. PA; 4. RA; 5. PA; 6. RA
1. PN; 2. PA; 3. PA; 4. PA; 5. PN; 6. PN; 7. PN; 8.
PA
1. contains two or more subjects, uses the same
verb, and is joined by a conjunction such as and or
or; 2. contains two or more verbs, uses the same
subject, and is joined by a conjunction such as and
or or; 3. a noun or pronoun that receives the
185
Answer Key
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
action of the verb; 4. part of a sentence that

follows an action verb and comes between the
verb and the direct object; 5. a noun or pronoun
that completes the linking verb; 6. an adjective
that follows a linking verb and describes the
subject
1. girl on the bus; 2. students in the auditorium; 3.
homework for that class; 4. shade of pink; 5. baby
across the hall
1. angry with me; 2. crossed, with great
satisfaction; 3. slept during our flight; 4. Because
of our hunger, ordered; 5. pass, with your help
1. where; 2. how; 3. when; 4. why; 5. how; 6.
where
1. ADJ; 2. ADV; 3. ADV; 4. ADJ; 5. ADV; 6. ADJ
1. Tyrone (A); 2. a book by Sylvia Plath (AP); 3.
the capital city of Massachusetts (AP); 4. my
favorite instrument (AP); 5. Mr. Manchester (A)

69. Sentences may vary slightly. 1. We had my
favorite, brownie sundaes, for dessert. 2. Sophie,
my cousin, plays the violin well. 3. I read a great
book, The Joy Luck Club, last week. 4. Have you
seen my parents friend Pedro? 5. The Morins, our
neighbors, are moving next week. 6. Britney, a
skier, pulled a ligament in a race.
70. 1. burnt; 2. screeching; 3. howling, camping;
4. torn
71. Participles will vary.
72. 1. Driving to school, Raymond; 2. Reviewing her
notes, Jackie; 3. test, printed on both sides of the
paper; 4. Tired from his long day, Kasim; 5. Mrs.
Goodman, walking up and down the aisles
73. 1. Landing safely on the runway, the plane neared
the airport. 2. The children, covered in mud, ran
through the kitchen. 3. The vegetables grown in
185
Answer Key
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
action of the verb; 4. part of a sentence that

follows an action verb and comes between the
verb and the direct object; 5. a noun or pronoun
that completes the linking verb; 6. an adjective
that follows a linking verb and describes the
subject
1. girl on the bus; 2. students in the auditorium; 3.
homework for that class; 4. shade of pink; 5. baby
across the hall
1. angry with me; 2. crossed, with great
satisfaction; 3. slept during our flight; 4. Because
of our hunger, ordered; 5. pass, with your help
1. where; 2. how; 3. when; 4. why; 5. how; 6.
where
1. ADJ; 2. ADV; 3. ADV; 4. ADJ; 5. ADV; 6. ADJ
1. Tyrone (A); 2. a book by Sylvia Plath (AP); 3.
the capital city of Massachusetts (AP); 4. my
favorite instrument (AP); 5. Mr. Manchester (A)

69. Sentences may vary slightly. 1. We had my
favorite, brownie sundaes, for dessert. 2. Sophie,
my cousin, plays the violin well. 3. I read a great
book, The Joy Luck Club, last week. 4. Have you
seen my parents friend Pedro? 5. The Morins, our
neighbors, are moving next week. 6. Britney, a
skier, pulled a ligament in a race.
70. 1. burnt; 2. screeching; 3. howling, camping;
4. torn
71. Participles will vary.
72. 1. Driving to school, Raymond; 2. Reviewing her
notes, Jackie; 3. test, printed on both sides of the
paper; 4. Tired from his long day, Kasim; 5. Mrs.
Goodman, walking up and down the aisles
73. 1. Landing safely on the runway, the plane neared
the airport. 2. The children, covered in mud, ran
through the kitchen. 3. The vegetables grown in
186
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
Answer Key
my garden are organic. 4. The students talking

during the movie had to stay after class.
All sentences should be checked except for
number 1. Sentences will vary.
1. Hiking up the mountain; 2. doing my
homework; 3. raking the lawn; 4. Flying over the
Grand Canyon; 5. smoking cigarettes; 6. Pushing
this button
1. G; 2. P; 3. P; 4. G; 5. G; 6. P
Answers will vary.
1. to speak clearly; 2. to send flowers to the
neighbors; 3. To pass the test; 4. to try surfing;
5. To avoid getting in trouble; 6. to change my
mind
1. G; 2. I; 3. P; 4. P; 5. G; 6. P; 7. I; 8. I
1. C; 2. P; 3. P; 4. C; 5. P; 6. P; 7. C; 8. C
Answers will vary slightly. 1. I am going to bed,
and you should, too. 2. Grants birthday is in
April, and Selims is in May. 3. I have Mr. Lopez
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
for English, and my sister has Mrs. Thomas. 4. My

favorite class is biology, and Shannons is
geometry.
1. S; 2. I; 3. S; 4. I; 5. I; 6. S
1. whenever your mother gets home; 2. if it rains
tomorrow; 3. so I wouldnt forget it; 4. after it had
started; 5. while I make the salad; 6. before they
burn
1. which is downstairs on the coffee table; 2. that
has a headlight out; 3. who got in the car
accident; 4. that we take every day; 5. who wrote
this paper; 6. who takes a hands-on approach;
7. that I just bought; 8. who gave that assignment
1. that you bought last week; 2. when we went
shopping; 3. where we stayed; 4. that Isabel
attends; 5. who passed the test; 6. which was left
over from dinner
186
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
Answer Key
my garden are organic. 4. The students talking

during the movie had to stay after class.
All sentences should be checked except for
number 1. Sentences will vary.
1. Hiking up the mountain; 2. doing my
homework; 3. raking the lawn; 4. Flying over the
Grand Canyon; 5. smoking cigarettes; 6. Pushing
this button
1. G; 2. P; 3. P; 4. G; 5. G; 6. P
Answers will vary.
1. to speak clearly; 2. to send flowers to the
neighbors; 3. To pass the test; 4. to try surfing;
5. To avoid getting in trouble; 6. to change my
mind
1. G; 2. I; 3. P; 4. P; 5. G; 6. P; 7. I; 8. I
1. C; 2. P; 3. P; 4. C; 5. P; 6. P; 7. C; 8. C
Answers will vary slightly. 1. I am going to bed,
and you should, too. 2. Grants birthday is in
April, and Selims is in May. 3. I have Mr. Lopez
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
for English, and my sister has Mrs. Thomas. 4. My

favorite class is biology, and Shannons is
geometry.
1. S; 2. I; 3. S; 4. I; 5. I; 6. S
1. whenever your mother gets home; 2. if it rains
tomorrow; 3. so I wouldnt forget it; 4. after it had
started; 5. while I make the salad; 6. before they
burn
1. which is downstairs on the coffee table; 2. that
has a headlight out; 3. who got in the car
accident; 4. that we take every day; 5. who wrote
this paper; 6. who takes a hands-on approach;
7. that I just bought; 8. who gave that assignment
1. that you bought last week; 2. when we went
shopping; 3. where we stayed; 4. that Isabel
attends; 5. who passed the test; 6. which was left
over from dinner
Answer Key
90. Answers will vary slightly. 1. The waiter, whose

name escapes me, brought us our breakfast. 2. The
store where I bought my jeans is in the mall.
3. My mother rented me a movie, which is about
airplanes. 4. The restaurant where the customers
got food poisoning was shut down. 5. My sister
goes everywhere in her car, which she bought
herself.
91. 1. Our neighbor, who makes a great apple pie, is
Mrs. Kimball. 2. no commas necessary; 3. That
book, which is the best book I have ever read, is
over there. 4. no commas necessary; 5. no commas
necessary
92. 1. How much I weigh; 2. whoever writes the best
essay; 3. what I can handle right now; 4. where
diamonds are found; 5. how he did the trick
94. 1. ADJ; 2. N; 3. ADV; 4. ADV; 5. ADJ; 6. N; 7.
ADJ; 8. ADV
187
96. 1. S; 2. C; 3. S; 4. C; 5. S; 6. C
97. 1. C; 2. CC: 3. CC; 4. C
98. 1. I forgot your birthday because I didnt write it
on my calendar. 2. Here is my history paper that
you wanted to read before I handed it in.
3. Grandma brought strawberry pie, which was a
big hit. 4. Since it is raining, we are going to the
movies instead. 5. Where is Monica? She was
supposed to help me study.
99. Answers may vary slightly. 1. I broke my leg, so
the doctor took an X ray. 2. Kyle got a new laptop,
and he uses it all the time. 3. Thanh went to bed
early because he wasnt feeling well. 4. Angela
wrote a short story. She won an award for it.
5. Samantha got her license. She practiced for
hours the day before her test.
101. Principal parts and sentences will vary.
102. Regular verbs and charts will vary.
Answer Key
90. Answers will vary slightly. 1. The waiter, whose

name escapes me, brought us our breakfast. 2. The
store where I bought my jeans is in the mall.
3. My mother rented me a movie, which is about
airplanes. 4. The restaurant where the customers
got food poisoning was shut down. 5. My sister
goes everywhere in her car, which she bought
herself.
91. 1. Our neighbor, who makes a great apple pie, is
Mrs. Kimball. 2. no commas necessary; 3. That
book, which is the best book I have ever read, is
over there. 4. no commas necessary; 5. no commas
necessary
92. 1. How much I weigh; 2. whoever writes the best
essay; 3. what I can handle right now; 4. where
diamonds are found; 5. how he did the trick
94. 1. ADJ; 2. N; 3. ADV; 4. ADV; 5. ADJ; 6. N; 7.
ADJ; 8. ADV
187
96. 1. S; 2. C; 3. S; 4. C; 5. S; 6. C
97. 1. C; 2. CC: 3. CC; 4. C
98. 1. I forgot your birthday because I didnt write it
on my calendar. 2. Here is my history paper that
you wanted to read before I handed it in.
3. Grandma brought strawberry pie, which was a
big hit. 4. Since it is raining, we are going to the
movies instead. 5. Where is Monica? She was
supposed to help me study.
99. Answers may vary slightly. 1. I broke my leg, so
the doctor took an X ray. 2. Kyle got a new laptop,
and he uses it all the time. 3. Thanh went to bed
early because he wasnt feeling well. 4. Angela
wrote a short story. She won an award for it.
5. Samantha got her license. She practiced for
hours the day before her test.
102. Regular verbs and charts will vary.
188
Answer Key
104. Irregular verbs and charts will vary. Irregular verbs

may include buy, catch, feel, find, get, keep, lead,
lose, say, seek, send, sit, teach, think, and tell.
105. Irregular verbs, principal parts, and sentences will
vary.
106. 1. grown; 2. threw; 3. known; 4. took; 5. give
107. 1. beginning, began, begun; 2. drinking, drank,
drunk; 3. shrinking, shrank, shrunk; 4. singing,
sang, sung; 5. sinking, sank, sunk; 6. swimming,
swam, swum
108. 1. gone; 2. fell; 3. ridden; 4. ate; 5. wore; 6. run;
7. came; 8. written
109. 1. brought; 2. making; 3. sold; 4. spoken; 5. stole;
6. draw; 7. known; 8. saw
110. 1. I; 2. I; 3. C; 4. I; 5. C; 6. I; 7. C; 8. I
111. 1. C; 2. I; 3. C; 4. I; 5. C
112. 1. sit; 2. setting; 3. sitting; 4. sitting; 5. sat; 6. sets
114. call; called; will call; have called; had called; will
have called
115. cook; cooked; will cook; have cooked; had cooked;

will have cooked. Sentences will vary.
116. Chart 1: drive; driving; drove; have driven
Chart 2: drive; drove; will drive; have driven;
had driven; will have driven
117. 1. Past tense verbs are formed by adding -ed or -d
to the present form, unless its an irregular verb.
2. Future tense is formed by adding will or shall to
the present form. 3. Present perfect tense is formed
by adding has or have to the past form. 4. The past
perfect tense is formed by adding had to the past
form. 5. Future perfect tense is formed by adding
will have or shall have to the past form.
118. 1. future perfect; 2. present perfect; 3. future;
4. present perfect; 5. past perfect; 6. present
119. Sentences will vary. Verb forms: am traveling; was
traveling; will be traveling; have been traveling;
had been traveling; will have been traveling
121. 1. P; 2. A; 3. A; 4. P; 5. P; 6 A
188
Answer Key
104. Irregular verbs and charts will vary. Irregular verbs

may include buy, catch, feel, find, get, keep, lead,
lose, say, seek, send, sit, teach, think, and tell.
105. Irregular verbs, principal parts, and sentences will
vary.
106. 1. grown; 2. threw; 3. known; 4. took; 5. give
107. 1. beginning, began, begun; 2. drinking, drank,
drunk; 3. shrinking, shrank, shrunk; 4. singing,
sang, sung; 5. sinking, sank, sunk; 6. swimming,
swam, swum
108. 1. gone; 2. fell; 3. ridden; 4. ate; 5. wore; 6. run;
7. came; 8. written
109. 1. brought; 2. making; 3. sold; 4. spoken; 5. stole;
6. draw; 7. known; 8. saw
110. 1. I; 2. I; 3. C; 4. I; 5. C; 6. I; 7. C; 8. I
111. 1. C; 2. I; 3. C; 4. I; 5. C
112. 1. sit; 2. setting; 3. sitting; 4. sitting; 5. sat; 6. sets
114. call; called; will call; have called; had called; will
have called
115. cook; cooked; will cook; have cooked; had cooked;

will have cooked. Sentences will vary.
116. Chart 1: drive; driving; drove; have driven
Chart 2: drive; drove; will drive; have driven;
had driven; will have driven
117. 1. Past tense verbs are formed by adding -ed or -d
to the present form, unless its an irregular verb.
2. Future tense is formed by adding will or shall to
the present form. 3. Present perfect tense is formed
by adding has or have to the past form. 4. The past
perfect tense is formed by adding had to the past
form. 5. Future perfect tense is formed by adding
will have or shall have to the past form.
118. 1. future perfect; 2. present perfect; 3. future;
4. present perfect; 5. past perfect; 6. present
119. Sentences will vary. Verb forms: am traveling; was
traveling; will be traveling; have been traveling;
had been traveling; will have been traveling
121. 1. P; 2. A; 3. A; 4. P; 5. P; 6 A
Answer Key
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
1. were making; 2. has; 3. are; 4. plays

The following sentences should be checked: 2, 4, 7
Objective singular: me, you, him, her, it.
Objective plural: us, you, them. Possessive
singular: my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its.
Possessive plural: our, ours, your, yours, their,
theirs.
1. I; 2. We; 3. she; 4. she; 5. He; 6. I; 7. I; 8. they
The following should be checked: 2, 5, 8
1. who; 2. whom; 3. who; 4. whom; 5. whom;
6. who; 7. who; 8. whom
The following sentences should be checked: 1, 2,
Answers will vary.
189
136. 1. younger, youngest; 2. brighter, brightest;
3. quieter, quietest; 4. nicer, nicest
137. 1. more interesting, most interesting; 2. smaller,
smallest; 3. more delicious, most delicious;
4. funnier, funniest; 5. friendlier, friendliest; 6.
more careful, most careful
138. 1. worse, worst; 2. better, best; 3. more, most;
4. less, least; 5. more, most
139. 1. most delicious; 2. better; 3. more beautiful;
4. friendliest; 5. taller; 6. tougher
141. Advertisements will vary.
142. 1. well; 2. good; 3. well; 4. well; 5. good; 6. well,
good
144. The following sentences are suggestions for those
that should have been rewritten: 1. You dont need
any shoes. 2. We never catch anything when we
go fishing. 4. We didnt have any of the new
uniforms for our game.
Answer Key
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
1. were making; 2. has; 3. are; 4. plays

The following sentences should be checked: 2, 4, 7
Objective singular: me, you, him, her, it.
Objective plural: us, you, them. Possessive
singular: my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its.
Possessive plural: our, ours, your, yours, their,
theirs.
1. I; 2. We; 3. she; 4. she; 5. He; 6. I; 7. I; 8. they
1. who; 2. whom; 3. who; 4. whom; 5. whom;
6. who; 7. who; 8. whom
Answers will vary.
189
136. 1. younger, youngest; 2. brighter, brightest;
3. quieter, quietest; 4. nicer, nicest
137. 1. more interesting, most interesting; 2. smaller,
smallest; 3. more delicious, most delicious;
4. funnier, funniest; 5. friendlier, friendliest; 6.
more careful, most careful
138. 1. worse, worst; 2. better, best; 3. more, most;
4. less, least; 5. more, most
139. 1. most delicious; 2. better; 3. more beautiful;
4. friendliest; 5. taller; 6. tougher
141. Advertisements will vary.
142. 1. well; 2. good; 3. well; 4. well; 5. good; 6. well,
good
144. The following sentences are suggestions for those
that should have been rewritten: 1. You dont need
any shoes. 2. We never catch anything when we
go fishing. 4. We didnt have any of the new
uniforms for our game.
190
Answer Key
145. 1. quick; 2. loudly; 3. slowly; 4. eager; 5. nervously;

6. proud
146. E-mails will vary.
147. 1. My, Amy, I; 2. My, Bentley; 3. Ashok, Moms,
Kenny; 4. Should, I, Russells; 5. Irina, I,
Elizabeths; Sentences will vary.
148. Geographical names will vary.
149. 1. Have, Mount Rushmore; 2. Mount Rushmore,
Black Hills, South Dakota; 3. We, summer; 4. We,
Midwest; 5. We, Garcias; 6. Their; 7. On,
Mississippi River; 8. Next, Grand Canyon
150. Examples will vary.
151. Paragraphs will vary.
152. The following should be checked: 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9
153. 1. My, mother, French, Canadian; 2. We, Italian;
3. Our, German, Hans; 4. The, Irish, Hans;
5. Carlos, Swiss, Europe; 6. Alaskan, seafood,
market; 7. I, American, Indian; 8. You, British
154. 1. Have, Coach, Hancock; 2. It, Grandma; 3. My;
4. The, senator; 5. Auntie; 6. I, father

156. 1. Someday, I, Washington; 2. My, dad, street,
Volkswagen, Jetta; 3. On, September, I; 4. My,
Mrs. Kennedy, She, English; 5. On, California,
San Diego; 6. Our, Wallingford Way; 7. This,
summer, I, Boston Red Sox, Park; 8. My,
grandmother, Irish, grandfather, Italian
157. 1. the Civil War; 2. my dad; 3. Labor Day in
September; 4. Lake Erie; 5. the governor of
Indiana; 6. the Boston Globe; 7. my brother
Martin; 8. correct; 9. Algebra I and Geometry;
10. summer in Maine; 11. the Democratic Party;
12. correct
159. The following sentences should be checked: 2, 5,
7, 9
160. Rules for capitalization include the following: first
word in a sentence, first word in a line of poetry,
the pronoun I, salutations and closings in letters
and e-mails, names of people and animals,
190
Answer Key
145. 1. quick; 2. loudly; 3. slowly; 4. eager; 5. nervously;

6. proud
146. E-mails will vary.
147. 1. My, Amy, I; 2. My, Bentley; 3. Ashok, Moms,
Kenny; 4. Should, I, Russells; 5. Irina, I,
Elizabeths; Sentences will vary.
148. Geographical names will vary.
149. 1. Have, Mount Rushmore; 2. Mount Rushmore,
Black Hills, South Dakota; 3. We, summer; 4. We,
Midwest; 5. We, Garcias; 6. Their; 7. On,
Mississippi River; 8. Next, Grand Canyon
150. Examples will vary.
152. The following should be checked: 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9
153. 1. My, mother, French, Canadian; 2. We, Italian;
3. Our, German, Hans; 4. The, Irish, Hans;
5. Carlos, Swiss, Europe; 6. Alaskan, seafood,
market; 7. I, American, Indian; 8. You, British
154. 1. Have, Coach, Hancock; 2. It, Grandma; 3. My;
4. The, senator; 5. Auntie; 6. I, father

156. 1. Someday, I, Washington; 2. My, dad, street,
Volkswagen, Jetta; 3. On, September, I; 4. My,
Mrs. Kennedy, She, English; 5. On, California,
San Diego; 6. Our, Wallingford Way; 7. This,
summer, I, Boston Red Sox, Park; 8. My,
grandmother, Irish, grandfather, Italian
157. 1. the Civil War; 2. my dad; 3. Labor Day in
September; 4. Lake Erie; 5. the governor of
Indiana; 6. the Boston Globe; 7. my brother
Martin; 8. correct; 9. Algebra I and Geometry;
10. summer in Maine; 11. the Democratic Party;
12. correct
159. The following sentences should be checked: 2, 5,
7, 9
160. Rules for capitalization include the following: first
word in a sentence, first word in a line of poetry,
the pronoun I, salutations and closings in letters
and e-mails, names of people and animals,
191
Answer Key
geographical names (towns/cities, streets, counties,

states, countries, regions, continents, islands,
mountains, bodies of water, stars, planets), names
of groups (organizations, businesses, institutions,
government agencies, political parties, teams),
time periods and events (days, months, holidays,
historical events, historical periods, special
events), documents, nationalities, races, religions,
languages, awards, brand names, bridges, buildings,
memorials, monuments, vehicles, academic
courses, technological terms, proper adjectives,
titles of people, titles showing family relationships,
and titles of written works, plays, television
programs, movies, and works of art.
161. 1. IN, question mark; 2. ES, two exclamation
points; 3. DS, period; 4. IM, period or exclamation
point; 5. IM, period or exclamation point
162. Abbreviations and sentences will vary. Bonus:
State abbreviations do not contain periods.
163. 1. I will attend Boston College, the University of
Massachusetts, or Harvard. 2. My mother, my

father, and my sister all went to Boston College.
3. My friends are attending colleges in California,
Colorado, and Florida. 4. What college I attend
depends on what I get for financial aid, what
scholarships I am awarded, and how much money
my parents can contribute. 5. I am excited about
college, but first I have to be accepted, complete
my senior project, and graduate from high school.
164. 1. N; 2. C; 3. C; 4. N
165. Answers will vary. Sample answers: 1. My favorite
fruit is watermelon, but my sisters is kiwi. 2. I am
on the baseball team, and Kendra is on the track
team. 3. Billy rode his bike, and his mother
walked the dog. 4. Tawana put up the tent, and
Jacob built a fire.
166. 1. If you want to go to the concert, you have to
get tickets immediately. 2. In 2001, terrorists flew
planes into the World Trade Center. 3. Listening
to the lecture, I realized I left my notes at home.
191
Answer Key
geographical names (towns/cities, streets, counties,

states, countries, regions, continents, islands,
mountains, bodies of water, stars, planets), names
of groups (organizations, businesses, institutions,
government agencies, political parties, teams),
time periods and events (days, months, holidays,
historical events, historical periods, special
events), documents, nationalities, races, religions,
languages, awards, brand names, bridges, buildings,
memorials, monuments, vehicles, academic
courses, technological terms, proper adjectives,
titles of people, titles showing family relationships,
and titles of written works, plays, television
programs, movies, and works of art.
161. 1. IN, question mark; 2. ES, two exclamation
points; 3. DS, period; 4. IM, period or exclamation
point; 5. IM, period or exclamation point
162. Abbreviations and sentences will vary. Bonus:
State abbreviations do not contain periods.
163. 1. I will attend Boston College, the University of
Massachusetts, or Harvard. 2. My mother, my

father, and my sister all went to Boston College.
3. My friends are attending colleges in California,
Colorado, and Florida. 4. What college I attend
depends on what I get for financial aid, what
scholarships I am awarded, and how much money
my parents can contribute. 5. I am excited about
college, but first I have to be accepted, complete
my senior project, and graduate from high school.
164. 1. N; 2. C; 3. C; 4. N
165. Answers will vary. Sample answers: 1. My favorite
fruit is watermelon, but my sisters is kiwi. 2. I am
on the baseball team, and Kendra is on the track
team. 3. Billy rode his bike, and his mother
walked the dog. 4. Tawana put up the tent, and
Jacob built a fire.
166. 1. If you want to go to the concert, you have to
get tickets immediately. 2. In 2001, terrorists flew
planes into the World Trade Center. 3. Listening
to the lecture, I realized I left my notes at home.
192
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
Answer Key
4. Under several stacks of paper, I found my

application. 5. Since you werent here yesterday,
we decided to do the presentation without you.
E-mails will vary.
1. The teachers, I believe, are all in a meeting.
2. Where, Mr. Beckett, do you suggest I write my
reply? 3. To tell you the truth, Leah, Ive never
heard of anything like that. 4. This car, on the
other hand, seems as though it will suit your
needs. 5. Kristy, please hand me the remote. 6. I
do, however, think I can finish my essay by
tomorrow.
5, 8
Answers will vary but may include the following:
items in a series, adjectives before a noun,
compound sentences, introductory elements, dates
and addresses, salutations and closings of letters/emails, addressing a person directly, parenthetical
expressions, appositives, and nonessential

participle phrases and clauses.
172. 1. We have to recite Frosts Stopping by Woods
on a Snowy Evening. 2. When I was younger, my
favorite book was Tuck Everlasting. 3. I love almost
all Disney movies, but my favorite is The Little
Mermaid. 4. That was a wonderful rendition of
America the Beautiful. 5. My father reads the
Wall Street Journal every morning. 6. One of my
favorite episodes of Friends was The One Where
Everybody Finds Out.
173. 1. Hannah, have you read Maya Angelous poem
Phenomenal Woman? Mr. Harrison asked. 2. no
quotation marks needed 3. That building over
there, he said, is the tallest building in the city.
4. Did you hear your grandmother say happy
birthday? 5. I think the chapter titled The Ghost
Returns is the scariest part of the novel. 6. no
quotation marks needed
174. 1. Simons; 2. womens; 3. everyones; 4. players;
192
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
Answer Key
4. Under several stacks of paper, I found my

application. 5. Since you werent here yesterday,
we decided to do the presentation without you.
E-mails will vary.
1. The teachers, I believe, are all in a meeting.
2. Where, Mr. Beckett, do you suggest I write my
reply? 3. To tell you the truth, Leah, Ive never
heard of anything like that. 4. This car, on the
other hand, seems as though it will suit your
needs. 5. Kristy, please hand me the remote. 6. I
do, however, think I can finish my essay by
tomorrow.
5, 8
Answers will vary but may include the following:
items in a series, adjectives before a noun,
compound sentences, introductory elements, dates
and addresses, salutations and closings of letters/emails, addressing a person directly, parenthetical
expressions, appositives, and nonessential

participle phrases and clauses.
172. 1. We have to recite Frosts Stopping by Woods
on a Snowy Evening. 2. When I was younger, my
favorite book was Tuck Everlasting. 3. I love almost
all Disney movies, but my favorite is The Little
Mermaid. 4. That was a wonderful rendition of
America the Beautiful. 5. My father reads the
Wall Street Journal every morning. 6. One of my
favorite episodes of Friends was The One Where
Everybody Finds Out.
173. 1. Hannah, have you read Maya Angelous poem
Phenomenal Woman? Mr. Harrison asked. 2. no
quotation marks needed 3. That building over
there, he said, is the tallest building in the city.
4. Did you hear your grandmother say happy
birthday? 5. I think the chapter titled The Ghost
Returns is the scariest part of the novel. 6. no
quotation marks needed
174. 1. Simons; 2. womens; 3. everyones; 4. players;
193
Answer Key
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
5. Traviss; 6. sister-in-laws 7. cant; 8. hes;

9. theyre; 10. youd; Sentences will vary.
1. C; 2. I; 3. I; 4. C; 5. C; 6. I
1. Where is the girlshe just moved in across the
streetgoing? 2. We walked (or should I say
crawled) back to our hotel room after a long day.
3. Three teachersMr. Dugan, Ms. Ortiz, and Ms.
Thayerare all nominated for the Teacher of the
Year award. 4. That puppy (often found sleeping
in his cage) bites my fingers when he plays.
1. C 2. I; Out of all twenty-one of you, only two
submitted well-written essays. 3. I; Omar, after
youre finished vacuuming, will you please help me
fold the laundry, make the bed, and take out the
trash? 4. I; Please choose two of the following
activities for winter carnival: ice skating, snow
sculpture, sledding, ice hockey, cross-country
skiing, and snow shoeing. 5. C

193
Answer Key
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
5. Traviss; 6. sister-in-laws 7. cant; 8. hes;

9. theyre; 10. youd; Sentences will vary.
1. C; 2. I; 3. I; 4. C; 5. C; 6. I
1. Where is the girlshe just moved in across the
streetgoing? 2. We walked (or should I say
crawled) back to our hotel room after a long day.
3. Three teachersMr. Dugan, Ms. Ortiz, and Ms.
Thayerare all nominated for the Teacher of the
Year award. 4. That puppy (often found sleeping
in his cage) bites my fingers when he plays.
1. C 2. I; Out of all twenty-one of you, only two
submitted well-written essays. 3. I; Omar, after
youre finished vacuuming, will you please help me
fold the laundry, make the bed, and take out the
trash? 4. I; Please choose two of the following
activities for winter carnival: ice skating, snow
sculpture, sledding, ice hockey, cross-country
skiing, and snow shoeing. 5. C

Turn downtime into learning time!

For information on other titles in the
Daily
Warm-Ups series,
visit our web site: walch.com
Turn downtime into learning time!

For information on other titles in the
Daily
Warm-Ups series,
visit our web site: walch.com

Daily Grammar Warm-Ups

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GRAMMAR & USAGE

GRAMMAR & USAGE

Daily Warm-Ups: Grammar & Usage

Daily Warm-Ups: Grammar & Usage

Concrete and Abstract Nouns

Based on the examples listed above, explain the difference between a

Concrete and Abstract Nouns

Based on the examples listed above, explain the difference between a

Remember that a concrete noun names a person, place, or thing

For each of the following nouns, write C on the line if it is a concrete

___ 10. Miami

___ 11. bracelet

___ 12. belief

Remember that a concrete noun names a person, place, or thing

For each of the following nouns, write C on the line if it is a concrete

___ 10. Miami

___ 11. bracelet

___ 12. belief

Common and Proper Nouns

A common noun names a person, place, or thing. A proper noun

1. My grandmother came to the United States from Ireland before the

3. Ryan works nights and weekends at Parkers Restaurant.

Common and Proper Nouns

A common noun names a person, place, or thing. A proper noun

1. My grandmother came to the United States from Ireland before the

3. Ryan works nights and weekends at Parkers Restaurant.

Making Proper Nouns

Remember that a common noun names a person, place, or thing.

10. holiday ____________________

Making Proper Nouns

Remember that a common noun names a person, place, or thing.

10. holiday ____________________

A compound noun is a noun that includes more than one word.

A collective noun names a group of people or things.

A compound noun is a noun that includes more than one word.

A collective noun names a group of people or things.

A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one or more nouns.

The following sentences do not use pronouns. Rewrite the sentences

A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one or more nouns.

Complete the personal pronoun chart below.

Complete the personal pronoun chart below.

Pronouns and Antecedents

Recall that a pronoun is used to replace a noun to avoid

Pronouns and Antecedents

Recall that a pronoun is used to replace a noun to avoid

Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns

Reflexive and intensive pronouns are formed by adding -self or

Read the following sentences. Underline each reflexive and intensive

Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns

Reflexive and intensive pronouns are formed by adding -self or

Read the following sentences. Underline each reflexive and intensive

Indefinite pronouns refer to unnamed people or things. They do

Indefinite pronouns refer to unnamed people or things. They do

Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out specific people,

Read the following sentences. Circle the demonstrative pronouns, and

1. Who is sitting on that bench?

3. Will you please pick up these papers?

Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out specific people,

Read the following sentences. Circle the demonstrative pronouns, and

1. Who is sitting on that bench?

3. Will you please pick up these papers?

Remember that there are several different types of pronouns:

10. another ___________________