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PLEADINGS, PETITIONS, MOTIONS AND OTHER

JUDICIAL AND LEGAL FORMS


(Revised 2007)1

THEODORE O. TE2

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These forms were first published in 1998 for use in the UP Law Bar Ops for that year.
Assistant Professor and Director, University of the Philippines Office of Legal Aid; Ll.B., U.P. (1990); Grateful
acknowledgement is given to Feliz Marie M. Guerrero, Ll.B. U.P. (2008, expected) for invaluable assistance in reformatting, proofreading and updating of legal references.
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1

ON WRITING, LEGALLY
Therefore, its name was called Babel, because
there the Lord confused the language of all the
earth. Genesis, 11:9, ESV

If brevity is the soul of wit, what now is to become of lawyers (and law students) who
would nonchalantly write a 100-page document and dare call it a Brief?
The traditional notion of legal writing is that it is a competition to put together as many
four to five-syllable words in a one-paragraph sentence. The language of the law mystifies and
with this comes the power of the lawyer. The more obscure and obtuse the language, the greater
the need for a lawyer.
History has given us many language handicaps and obstacles to clarity and precision.
Throughout four years of law school, the law student, who eventually becomes a lawyer, is
trained to think in archaic words and phraseslegalesewhich appear to have legal significance
but is actually too imprecise to help anyone understand what is going on. And to add to the
babelish situation, there are hundreds of words in a dead languageLatinthat have little
relevance to the contemporary world.
There is a sea change, however, going on in legal writing. More and more, pleaders are
asked to be clear and concise, precise not pedantic. Why waste five words when three will do?3
But change, as always, is difficult and painful. Yet, it is an essential response to todays evolving
legal profession. Indeed, when the most common means now of communicating is text, with its
own subculture and lingo, there must be a re-examination of the archaic manner by which legal
writing presents itself.
What this short introduction to the accompanying handbook of Pleadings, Petitions,
Motions and Other Legal and Judicial Forms seeks to do is to put forth the need to write clearly
and concisely, precisely but not pedantically.
When a judges attention span is short and his backlog of reading is long, the need to
write concisely, clearly, precisely but not pedantically becomes absolutely clear.
Writing concisely and not pedantically, however, does not mean that the legal writer
ought to cut corners when it comes to substance as well as form; the only thing that that
guarantees is a baleful stare and a rude dismissal from the judge. Not only must the writer know
the arguments and the bases for his arguments, but she must also realize that these arguments
need to be presented in a manner that is technically sufficient.

My favorite, and many of my students will attest to this, is the absolutely archaic Comes Now, the Plaintiff, by the
undersigned counsel, unto this Honorable Court, respectfully states that as part of every pleading. Why waste 15
words, when 6 will do, thus: Plaintiff, by counsel, respectfully states that. The latter loses none of the legal
gravitas but loses every bit of the archaic pretense that mystifies the law and perpetuates the notion that laywers
know what they are doing each and every time.

It is hoped that the forms presented here, with checklists4 of legal requirements and short
annotations, will provide the impetus for demystifying legal writing and legal drafting. These
forms come from actual forms used in the authors practice, some from worthy opponents and
still some from traditional form books, with updates to fit the current state of the Rules.
While this handbook was produced, primarily, with the bar examinees and the law intern
or law student in mind, it is hoped that it might prove helpful as well when September ends5 and
life, as a lawyer, begins in earnest.

Theodore O. Te
Room 105, Malcolm Hall
University of the Philippines
August 2007

4
Acknowledgment is given to Atty. Alex M. Enriquez, (Ll.B., UP, 1990) for the original template of the
Checklists, which have been updated to suit current practice.
5
Vide Green Day, Wake Me Up When September Ends, which has become an unofficial anthem for bar
examinees in the Philippines.

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) The CAPTION is that
part of the pleading, which sets
forth:
1. the name of the court
2. the title of the action
3. the docket number, if assigned
(Sec. 1, par. 1, Rule 7, ROC).

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the names of the parties, who
shall be named in the original
complaint or petition. However, in
subsequent pleadings, it shall be
sufficient if the name of the 1st
party on each side be stated with
an appropriate indication when
there are other parties. Their
respective participation in the
case shall be indicated (Sec. 1,
par. 2 &3, Rule 7, ROC).

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) The JURAT
accompanies any notarized
document that is declaratory in
nature, as opposed to a notarized
document that transmits rights or
property, which must be
accompanied by an
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.
Note that if the document is
subscribed before a public officer
duly authorized to take oaths,
then there is no need for the
affiant to produce a CTC nor for
the entry into a Notarial Register;
thus, the italicized portion of the
JURAT is dispensed with but not
the oath itself.

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) JURAT refers to an act
in which an individual, on a
single occasion:
1. appears in person before a
notary public (NP) and presents
an instrument or document
2. is personally known to the NP
or identified by the NP through
competent evidence of identity as
defined by these Rules
3. signs the instrument or
document in the presence of the
NP
4. takes an oath or affirmation
before the NP as to such
instrument or document (Sec. 5,
2004 Rules on Notarial Practice,
A.M. No. 02-8-13-SC effective
August 1, 2004).

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) A pleading is verified
by an affidavit that the affiant has
read the pleading and that the
allegations therein are true and
correct of his personal knowledge
or based on authentic records
(Sec. 4, par. 2, Rule 7, ROC).

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verification based on information
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information and belief is
considered defective and the
pleading unverified/unsigned.
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Exams

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) Under Rule 7, Sec. 5,
the plaintiff or principal party
must certify under oath in the
complaint, initiatory pleading, or
sworn certification that:
1.he has not commenced any
action or filed any claim involving
the same issues in any court,
tribunal or quasi-judicial agency
and, to the best of his knowledge,
no such other action or claim is
pending there
2. if there is such other pending
action or claim, a complete
statement of its present status,
and
3. if he should thereafter learn
that the same or similar action or
claim has been filed or is pending,
he shall report that fact within 5
days to the court where his
complaint or pleading was filed.

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not curable by mere amendment
but shall be cause for dismissal
w/o prejudice, UNLESS otherwise
provided, upon motion and after
hearing.

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Submission of a false certification


or non-compliance with its
undertakings shall constitute
indirect contempt of court, w/o
prejudice to corresponding admin
and crim actions.
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) NOTE: The Notice of
Hearing is actually both a
REQUEST and a NOTICE; a
REQUEST for the Branch Clerk of
Court to include the motion in the
calendar for hearing on a specific
date and a NOTICE to opposing
counsel of the hearing date
requested. In non-litigious motions
or ex parte motions, it is sufficient
that the request not contain a
date, and for that purpose, the
underlined portion in the Request
may be omitted with the Notice to
opposing counsel simply stating
that counsel will submit the
motion to the court for approval
immediately upon receipt.

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a written explanation if service is
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explanation need not be verified,
it being required only that it is
signed. However, in the Supreme
Court, where an Affidavit of
Service is required, it may be
practical to combine the
Explanation and the Affidavit of
Service. Cf. Rule 13, sections 11
and 13.

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) As per SC En Banc
Resolution on Bar Matter No.
1132 dated Nov. 12, 2002, all
pleadings must indicate the ff:
1. Roll of Attorneys number of
counsel
2. Current Professional Tax
Receipt number (PTR No.)
3. IBP Official Receipt or Life
Member number

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2. Parties/Capacity of Parties
3. Material Allegations of Ultimate
Facts
4. Statement of Cause(s) of Action
5. Prayer/Reliefs
6. Date/Place of Execution
7. Signature of Counsel
8. Verification and Certification
Against Forum Shopping

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) 1976, 1982, 1985,
1988, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997
and 2000 Bar Question

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) This particular
allegation may actually be
unnecessary considering the facts
given and that the plaintiff is a
juridical person. It is included in
this complaint simply for
educational purposes as a
representative allegation of this
fact.

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) A new requirement
specifically provided under Rule
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introduced by 1997 Rules on Civil
Procedure; cf. Rule 7, section 3.

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4. Statement of Cause(s) of Action
5. Prayer/Reliefs
6. Date/Place of Execution
7. Signature of Counsel
8. Verification and Certification
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portion is indispensable to the
filing of a Complaint as it is
required that every Complaint
state in the body as well as in the
prayer the amount of damages
sought. This is jurisdictional and
a complaint that fails to comply
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) Rule 7, section 5
requires that any initiatory
pleading, among which is a
counterclaim, must be
accompanied by a Certification
against Forum Shopping. Also
please note that an Answer need
not be verified BUT if there is a
specific denial of an actionable
document, such as that
contained here, then the
Answer must be verified. See
again Rule 8, secs. 7 (definition of
actionable document), 8 (how to
contest such documents), 10
(requirements of a specific denial),
11 (effects of failure to specifically
deny).
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) Representative specific
denial under oath, as required by
the Rules, in relation to any
actionable document.

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1. Caption
2. Denials/Admission
3. Statement of Affirmative
Allegations
4. Statement of
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5. Cross-claim
6. Prayer/Relief
7. Date/Place of Execution
8. Signature of Counsel
9. Verification
10. Certification against Forum
Shopping
11. Proof of Service

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) Rule 18, section 6.
Checklist:
1. Proposed terms for amicable
settlement
2. Alternative modes of dispute
resolution
3. Summary of admitted facts
4. Proposed stipulation of facts
and issues
5. Documents to be presented
6. Names of witnesses and
substance of their testimony
7. Resort to discovery
8. Available trial dates

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) NOTE: There is no
need to attach a Notice of Hearing
for a Pre-Trial Brief. Also, pre-trial
is now mandatory in criminal
cases under Rule 118, 2000
Rules on Criminal Procedure as
well as under RA 8493 (The
Speedy Trial Act), although
neither the law nor the Rules
require the submission of a PreTrial Brief in criminal cases (in
practice, courts also do not
require the submission of a pretrial brief in criminal cases).
Consequently, the requirement of
a pre-trial brief and the
consequences for failure to
submit one (e.g., non-suit or
dismissal) appear to pertain
exclusively to civil cases.

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) Cf. Rule 15, 1997
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Checklist:
1. Ground(s)
2. Argument(s)
3. Prayer/Relief
4. Notice of Hearing
5. Proof of Service
6. Attachments (if any)
7. Verification (in certain cases)

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Checklist:
1. Ground(s)
2. Argument(s)
3. Prayer/Relief
4. Notice of Hearing
5. Proof of Service
6. Attachments (if any)
7. Verification (in certain cases)

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) Under Rule 15, section
9, 1997 Rules on Civil Procedure,
a motion for leave to file a
pleading or motion shall be
accompanied by the pleading or
motion sought to be admitted.

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) The requirement is for
a written explanation if service is
done by registered mail instead of
by personal service; the
explanation need not be verified,
it being required only that it is
signed. However, in the Supreme
Court, where an Affidavit of
Service is required, it may be
practical to combine the
Explanation and the Affidavit of
Service. Cf. Rule 13, sections 11
and 13.

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) Checklist:
Ground(s)
Argument(s)
Prayer/Relief
Notice of Hearing
Proof of Service
Attachments (if any)
Verification (in certain cases)

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) NOTE: This is a
litigious motion, i.e., it must be
set for hearing. Thus, a specific
hearing date must be requested
and notice thereof given to
adverse party through counsel.

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) Under Rule 18, section
1 of the 1997 Rules on Civil
Procedure, it is now mandatory on
the part of the plaintiff to move ex
parte for setting of pre-trial. Note
that the motion is expressly
denominated as ex parte, i.e., no
need for hearing.

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Ground(s)
Argument(s)
Prayer/Relief
Notice of Hearing
Proof of Service
Attachments (if any)
Verification (in certain cases)

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) Note the difference
between this Request and Notice
and that contained in Form II-D1;
this does not contain a date of
hearing because under Rule 15,
section 4, it is a motion which the
Court may act upon without
prejudicing the rights of the
adverse party and moreover
because Rule 18, section 1
expressly defines this to be an ex
parte motion.

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) Checklist:
Ground(s)
Argument(s)
Prayer/Relief
Notice of Hearing
Proof of Service
Attachments (if any)
Verification (in certain cases)

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) In some instances, this
motion is considered a nonlitigious motion; thus, the request
and notice need not specify a date
of hearing and simply state that it
is being submitted for approval
immediately upon receipt.
Although, the better practice
would be to file such a motion
early so as to be able to set it for
hearing and approval by the
court.

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Ground(s)
Argument(s)
Prayer/Relief
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Attachments (if any)
Verification (in certain cases)

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to not only state the number of
additional days sought, but also
the new deadline, so that it can be
used as a personal reminder of
the new deadline.

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Ground(s)
Argument(s)
Prayer/Relief
Notice of Hearing
Proof of Service
Attachments (if any)
Verification (in certain cases)

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) NOTE: The defendant
is entitled to be notified of this
motion and the order declaring
him/her in default; thereafter,
defendant loses the right to
receive any other notices except
for judgment in default.

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) Checklist:
Ground(s)
Argument(s)
Prayer/Relief
Notice of Hearing
Proof of Service
Attachments (if any)
Verification (in certain cases)

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) While it is not
required, it may, depending on
the type of motion, be advisable to
give a short summary of the
material antecedents so that the
arguments and the basis for relief
is clear and placed in context.

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) Rule 65, 1997 Rules
on Civil Procedure
Checklist:
1. 60 days from notice of
judgment or final order (cf. Rule
65, sec. 4)
2. Names of petitioner and
respondent
3. Grounds relied upon
4. Prayer/Relief
5. Combined Verification,
Certification against Forum
Shopping, and Statement of
Material Dates
6. Attachments
a. Certified true copies of the
judgment/order subject of
petition
b. All material portions of the
record as would support the
petition*

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Verification and Certification
Against Forum Shopping, ADD
the date when the Decision or
Judgment was received pursuant
to the requirements under the
Rules of Court. (See Form I-G)

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) Checklist:
1. 60 days from notice of
judgment or final order (cf. Rule
65, sec. 4)
2. Names of petitioner and
respondent
3. Grounds relied upon
4. Prayer/Relief
5. Combined Verification,
Certification against Forum
Shopping, and Statement of
Material Dates
6. Attachments
a. Certified true copies of the
judgment/order subject of
petition
b. All material portions of the
record as would support the
petition*

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) To the standard
Verification and Certification
Against Forum Shopping, ADD
the date when the Decision or
Judgment was received pursuant
to the requirements under the
Rules of Court. (See Form I-G)

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) Checklist:
1. 60 days from notice of
judgment or final order (cf. Rule
65, sec. 4)
2. Names of petitioner and
respondent
3. Grounds relied upon
4. Prayer/Relief
5. Combined Verification,
Certification against Forum
Shopping, and Statement of
Material Dates
6. Attachments
a. Certified true copies of the
judgment/order subject of
petition
b. All material portions of the
record as would support the
petition*

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Checklist:
1. Parties - Petitioner, who must
claim no interest or has an
interest not disputed by
claimants; and claimants over the
same subject matter
2. Material Allegations of Ultimate
Facts - facts showing conflicting
claims made on the same subject
matter over which petitioner
claims no interest or an interest
that is not disputed by claimants
3. Prayer/Relief
4. Date/Place of Execution
5. Signature of Counsel
6. Verification and Certification
against Forum Shopping

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) It is important to
allege this because otherwise
plaintiff would be required to pay
the docket fees involved in filing
the Complaint in Interpleader
which would be determined by the
value of the property. In this way,
plaintiff will not be unduly
prejudiced by the costs of the
suit.

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) Rule 63, sec. 1, par. 2
Checklist:
1" Parties - Any person interested
under a deed, will, contract or
other writing, before breach
thereof, and who stands to suffer
injury by operation of the said
deed, will, contract or other
writing
" Material Allegations of Ultimate
Facts - facts showing interest
under a deed, will, contract or
other written instrument and
injury arising from operation of
said deed, will, contract or other
writing and facts showing that no
violation or breach has occurred;
may also show facts showing need
to reform instrument, quiet title
(arising from conflicting claims or
cloud thereon) or to consolidate
ownership (as when property
under pacto de retro not
redeemed)
6" Prayer/Relief
9" Date/Place of Execution
<" Signature of Counsel
>" Verification and Certification
against Forum Shopping

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) Rule 63, sec. 1, par. 1
Checklist:
1. Parties - Any person interested
under a deed, will, contract or
other writing, before breach
thereof, and who stands to suffer
injury by operation of the said
deed, will, contract or other
writing
2. Material Allegations of Ultimate
Facts - facts showing interest
under a deed, will, contract or
other written instrument and
injury arising from operation of
said deed, will, contract or other
writing and facts showing that no
violation or breach has occurred;
may also show facts showing need
to reform instrument, quiet title
(arising from conflicting claims or
cloud thereon) or to consolidate
ownership (as when property
under pacto de retro not
redeemed)
3. Prayer/Relief
4. Date/Place of Execution
5. Signature of Counsel
6. Verification and Certification
against Forum Shopping

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) Rule 66
Checklist
1. Parties a. Solicitor General, when
directed by President or motu
propio;
b. Person claiming to be
entitled to public office or position
usurped or unlawfully held or
exercised by another against the
alleged usurping public officer;
2. Material Allegations of Ultimate
Facts - facts showing usurpation
of office and facts showing
entitlement of petitioner to the
office
3. Prayer/Relief
4. Date/Place of Execution
5. Signature of Counsel
6. Verification and Certification
against Forum Shopping

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1. Identity of affiant and other
personal circumstances
2. Statement of venue
3. Factual allegations to show
violation or defense
4. Signature of affiant
5. Verification
6. Certification as to Personal
Examination of Affiant
7. Supporting
Documents/Affidavits

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must be based on personal
knowledge of the affiant, many
times, legal answers cannot be
included for fear that affiant does
NOT have personal knowledge.
Stating that affiant was assisted
by counsel may remove that
problem as all that affiant has to
do is say I was advised by
counsel that

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) Rule 112, sec. 3(a),
2000 Rules on Criminal
Procedure. Note that this may be
done before a prosecutor, or any
government official authorized to
administer an oath, or in their
absence or unavailability, a
Notary Public.

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) Checklist:
1. Identity of affiant and other
personal circumstances
2. Statement of venue
3. Factual allegations to show
violation or defense
4. Signature of affiant
5. Verification
6. Certification as to Personal
Examination of Affiant
7. Supporting
Documents/Affidavits

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) Because an affidavit
must be based on personal
knowledge of the affiant, many
times, legal answers cannot be
included for fear that affiant does
NOT have personal knowledge.
Stating that affiant was assisted
by counsel may remove that
problem as all that affiant has to
do is say I was advised by
counsel that

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) Rule 110, section 613, 2000 Rules on Criminal
Procedure
Checklist:
1" Parties
a. Name of offended party
b. Name of accused
" Designation of offense by
statute
6" Acts or omissions complained
of as constituting the offense
including a statement of the
qualifying or aggravating
circumstances
9" Approximate time of the
commission of the offense
<" Place of commission
>" Signature of Prosecutor (for
Information)
" Signature of Offended Party,
Peace officer or Public officer
charged with enforcement of the
law (for Complaint)
?" NOTE: if Information is filed
after inquest (and not preliminary
investigation), ADD:
a. Place where accused is
actually detained
b. Full name and address of
evidence custodian
c. Detailed description of
recovered items, if any
@" Verification
1 " Certification of Preliminary
Investigation or Inquest

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) NOTE: The allegation
of any aggravating circumstances
should be made here.

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) See Rule 112, section
4, 2000 Rules on Criminal
Procedure. This Certification is
appended to an Information filed
after a full blown preliminary
investigation is conducted; if the
accused was arrested without a
warrant and refused/failed to
execute a written waiver of the
provisions of Article 125, Revised
Penal Code, the ACP should have
conducted an INQUEST and not a
preliminary investigation. Any
Information filed would thus have
a different Certification, i.e., a
Certification on Conduct of
Inquest.

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) See Rule 110, sections
3, 4, 2000 Rules on Criminal
Procedure. Please note that the
oath is administered by a public
officer authorized to administer
an oath; thus, the JURAT does
not contain any reference to the
CTC details. Contrast this with
the Jurat in Form I-C, which
applies when a Notary Public
administers the oath.

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) Checklist:
1. Parties
a. Name of offended party
b. Name of accused
2. Designation of offense by
statute
3. Acts or omissions complained
of as constituting the offense
including a statement of the
qualifying or aggravating
circumstances
4. Approximate time of the
commission of the offense
5. Place of commission
6. Signature of Prosecutor (for
Information)
7. Signature of Offended Party,
Peace officer or Public officer
charged with enforcement of the
law (for Complaint)
8. NOTE: if Information is filed
after inquest (and not preliminary
investigation), ADD:
a. Place where accused is
actually detained
b. Full name and address of
evidence custodian
c. Detailed description of
recovered items, if any
9. Verification
10. Certification of Preliminary
Investigation or Inquest

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) See DOJ Circular No.
61 (September 21, 1993; New
Rules on Inquest), section 14. As
noted above, this Certification
accompanies an Information filed
after an inquest and not a
preliminary investigation is
conducted. An inquest is
conducted only if the respondent
was arrested without a warrant
and does not waive the provisions
of Article 125 of the RPC and does
not wish to avail of a full-blown
preliminary investigation.

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) Checklist:
1. Parties
a. Name of offended party
b. Name of accused
2. Designation of offense by
statute
3. Acts or omissions complained
of as constituting the offense
including a statement of the
qualifying or aggravating
circumstances
4. Approximate time of the
commission of the offense
5. Place of commission
6. Signature of Prosecutor (for
Information)
7. Signature of Offended Party,
Peace officer or Public officer
charged with enforcement of the
law (for Complaint)
8. NOTE: if Information is filed
after inquest (and not preliminary
investigation), ADD:
a. Place where accused is
actually detained
b. Full name and address of
evidence custodian
c. Detailed description of
recovered items, if any
9. Verification
10. Certification of Preliminary
Investigation or Inquest

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) Checklist:
1. Parties
a. Name of offended party
b. Name of accused
2. Designation of offense by
statute
3. Acts or omissions complained
of as constituting the offense
including a statement of the
qualifying or aggravating
circumstances
4. Approximate time of the
commission of the offense
5. Place of commission
6. Signature of Prosecutor (for
Information)
7. Signature of Offended Party,
Peace officer or Public officer
charged with enforcement of the
law (for Complaint)
8. NOTE: if Information is filed
after inquest (and not preliminary
investigation), ADD:
a. Place where accused is
actually detained
b. Full name and address of
evidence custodian
c. Detailed description of
recovered items, if any
9. Verification
10. Certification of Preliminary
Investigation or Inquest

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) 1988 Bar Question
Checklist:
1. Caption and Title
2. Parties
3. Distinct specification of factual
and legal grounds for quashal
4. Relief
5. Date/Place
6. Signature of counsel
7. Notice of Hearing
8. Affidavit of service

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1990 Bar Question

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) Rule 126, sec. 14,
2000 Rules on Criminal
Procedure; this is a new pleading
expressly recognized for the first
time in the Rules, although it has
been used widely in practice and
even acknowledged by the
Supreme Court in case law.
Please take note that this may be
filed in and acted upon only by
the court where the action is filed
but if no action has yet been filed,
it may be filed with the court that
issued the search warrant. If no
resolution has yet been made by
the Search Warrant Court by the
time an Information is filed, then
the trial court shall resolve the
Motion to Quash.
""
) Checklist:
1. Caption and Title
2. Distinct Specification of
Factual and Legal Grounds for
Quashal
a. Failure to comply with form
prescribed by law
b. Served beyond period
c. More than one offense
d. No personal determination of
probable cause by Judge
e. No probable cause
3. Relief
4. Place/Date
5. Signature of Counsel
6. Notice of Hearing
7. Proof of Service

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) Rule 126, sec. 14,
2000 Rules on Criminal
Procedure; this is a new pleading
expressly recognized for the first
time in the Rules, although it has
been used widely in practice and
even acknowledged by the
Supreme Court in case law.
Please take note that this may be
filed in and acted upon only by
the court where the action is filed
but if no action has yet been filed,
it may be filed with the court that
issued the search warrant. If no
resolution has yet been made by
the Search Warrant Court by the
time an Information is filed, then
the trial court shall resolve the
Motion to Quash.

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1. Caption and Title
2. Distinct Specification of
Factual and Legal Grounds for
Suppression
a. Search without witnesses
b. Served beyond period
c. More than 1 offense
d. No receipt
e. No inventory
f. Property not subject of
seizure
g. Not evidence in plain view
3. Prayer/Relief
4. Place/Date
5. Signature of Counsel
6. Notice of Hearing
7. Proof of Service

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) Checklist:
1. Caption and Title
2. Parties
3. Specification of grounds for
entitlement to bail
4. Prayer/Relief
5. Place/Date
6. Signature of Counsel
7. Notice of Hearing
8. Proof of Service

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) Checklist:
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5. Notice of Hearing

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documentary exhibits in support
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Invariably, the Offer of Evidence is
made in table or column form
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the Court to see the Exhibit No.,
Description and Purpose but, for
purposes of the Bar, this would
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All that is important is that the
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a description of the Exhibit and
the Purpose of Offer.
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do anything in a criminal case as
everything is under the control
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prosecutor. Thus, every legal
document must be signed by both
the public prosecutor and the
private prosecutor. Note that it
would also be acceptable to
have the Offer that is prepared
by a private prosecutor signed
by the public prosecutor to
show his conformity thereto.

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must be filed prior to the
Demurrer. It is only when the
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petition for declaration of nullity
of marriage:
a) spousal support [ 2]
b) child support [ 3]
c) child custody [ 4]
d) visitation rights [ 5]
e) hold departure orders [ 6]
f) order of protection [ 7]
g) admin of common property [ 8]

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court considers the best interests
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provisional custody may be
awarded to the following based on
the order of preference:
1) to both parents jointly
2) to either parent taking into
account all relevant
considerations, esp. the choice of
the child
3) to the surviving grandparent, or
if there are several of them, to the
grandparent chosen by the child
above 7 years of age unless the
grandparent chosen is unfit or
disqualified
4) to the eldest brother or sister
over 21 years of age unless unfit
or disqualified
5) to the actual custodian over 21
years of age unless unfit or
disqualified, or
6) to any other person deemed by
the court suitable to provide
proper care and guidance. 4.
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Provisional Orders, child support
may also be sought. It must first
be taken from the properties of
the absolute community or the
conjugal partnership. In the
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parent or both may be ordered to
give an amount necessary for
support, maintenance and
education of the child in
proportion to the resources or
means of the giver and to the
needs of the recipient. Thus, the
earning capacity of the parent and
the amount needed for support
must be alleged.

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