Simultaneous optimization of several

responses

Di
1
0

Yimin

YiMax

Yi

Institut de Statistique - Universit Catholique de Louvain

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The problem
Temperature (T)
120 to 180 C

Responses :
Bond : Resistance of the seal.
Print : Visual seal quality.

Pressure (P)
50 to 150 kg/dm2

KR
ISP

Process :
Chips bags sealing process.

Sealing duration (D)

0.2 to 2 seconds

Goal :
Find manufacturing conditions which maximize the Print response and
ensure that the resistance of the seal (Bond) is close to 85psi .

Institut de Statistique - Universit Catholique de Louvain

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Goals and methods

The hypotheses :
Problem with k factors X1 ,X2 ...Xk and m responses Y1 ,Y2 ...Ym
An estimated model is available for each response
Yi = f(X1 ,X2 ...Xk , )
Goal : find the values of X1 ,X2 ...Xk which optimize each response

Optimization of one response

Graphical or numerical optimization
Analytical methods for quadratic forms

Simultaneous optimization of m responses

Graphical method or grid search of tradeoff areas
Concept of Pareto optimal point
Optimization of a desirability function
Institut de Statistique - Universit Catholique de Louvain

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The design and the responses

Duration

e
ur 50
s
1
es
Pr
50
2

.2
120

180
Temperature

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

Temp
120
180
150
150
150
150
180
120
180
120
180
120
180
120
150
150
150
150
150

Press
100
100
50
150
100
100
150
150
50
50
150
150
50
50
100
100
100
100
100

Institut de Statistique - Universit Catholique de Louvain

Duration
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
0.2
2
2
2
2
2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1

Bond
65.32
81.55
91.45
93.29
70.53
80.92
41.83
89.97
44.53
89.85
91.53
11.25
92.94
13.2
86.89
91.03
93.11
89.41
88.71

Print
3.87
2.32
3.14
4.36
3.54
2.46
2.07
3.01
1.11
2.04
2.77
4.48
2.04
3.35
3.81
3.63
3.46
3.74
3.62

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Results of the regression analyses

Bond-Fit = 90.47 + 8.28 TS + 6.77 DS -16.72 TS 2 -14.43 DS 2 -31.68 TS * DS
R2 = 99.5

SDres = 1.89

Print-Fit = 3.66 -0.64 TS + 0.5 PS -0.55 DS -0.49 TS 2 -0.58 DS 2 +0.14 TS DS

R2 = 97.2

SDres = 0.138

Response surface for Bond

Response surface for Print (P=150)

Institut de Statistique - Universit Catholique de Louvain

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Independent optimization of each response

Each response is optimized independently through visual inspection of the
response surfaces or using an algorithm for constrained optimization.
Response surface for Bond

Bond-Fit = 85
D 5.7-T/30
any value of P

Response surface for Print (P=150)

Print-Fit = 4.55
T = 1.28

D = 0.59

P = 150

Are these two goals compatible ?

Institut de Statistique - Universit Catholique de Louvain

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Analytical method
When the model is quadratic, it can be written under matrix form :
Y = + X + X X+ with X = (X1 ,X2 ...Xk )
If B is invertible, the response surface stationary point is :
X0 = - 0.5 B-1
Example: Print-Fit = 3.66 -0.64 TS + 0.5 PS -0.55 DS -0.49 TS 2 -.58 DS 2 + .14 TS DS

&T #
& ( 0.49 0.07 #
!!
X 0 = $$ S 0 !! = (0.5$$
D
0
.
07
(
0
.
58
%
"
% S0 "
& T # & 127.7 #
& - 0.745 #
!! ' $$ 0 !! = $$
!!
= $$
D
0.564
0.593
%
"
"
% 0" %

(1

& ( 0.64 #
$$
!!
(
0
.
55
%
"

Caution: the resulting point is not always in the experimental domain

Institut de Statistique - Universit Catholique de Louvain

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Several kinds of stationary points

Surface with optimal point

Surface with saddle point

Surface with optimal point out of the domain

Surface with an infinity of optimal points

Institut de Statistique - Universit Catholique de Louvain

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Multi-response optimization - graphical method

In general, the individual response optima are contradictory and it will be needed to
look for one or several tradeoff solutions.
Principle of the graphical method :
Give for each response a goal and an acceptation area. Look for the areas which meet the criteria
through a graphical or a grid search.
Example : Bond : target = 85 accepted between 80 et 105, Print to be maximized with a minimum of
4
Response surface for Bond

Response surface for Print (P=150)

Institut de Statistique - Universit Catholique de Louvain

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Pareto optimal point

When a tradeoff area is found, it is useful to have a criterion to get rid of
worse solutions.
A trial is Pareto optimal if there is no other point which improves all the
responses simultaneously.
Two responses to be maximized
Y2

Y1 min

Pareto optimal points

Tradeoff
area
Y2 min

Y1
Institut de Statistique - Universit Catholique de Louvain

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Pareto optimum : example

Possible response surfaces in the domain

Zoom

Pareto optimal points

Pareto optimal points

Institut de Statistique - Universit Catholique de Louvain

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Optimization of a desirability function

Principle : Summarize the m responses Y1, Y2, .... Ym in a function D to
be optimized : D( x ) = g (Y1 ( x ), Y2 ( x ),...Ym ( x ))
D stands for the Desirability of the solution X.
Example : Desirability function of Derringer and Suich
D = D1w1 ! D2w2 !...! Dmwm
avec 0 "wi , Di " 1,

Di = g i (Yi ) et

#w

=1

Example of an individual desirability function

Di
Response to be maximized
Ymin : mandatory bound
Ymax : satisfaction threshold

Institut de Statistique - Universit Catholique de Louvain

Yimin

YiMax

Yi
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Individual desirability functions

Individual desirability functions proposed by Derringer and Suich
Response to be maximized
)0
s
+#
+ Yi " Yi min &
Di *%
(
Y
"
Y
$
i min '
+ iMax
+,1

Di

si Yi ! Yi min

s<1

si Yimin < Yi ! YiMax

si YiMAx < Yi

s=1
s>1

Response to be minimized

Yimin

Di

Yimin

YiMax

Yi

Yi

Search for a target value

Di

YiMax

Institut de Statistique - Universit Catholique de Louvain

Yimin

YiMax

Yi
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Examples of individual desirabilities

Di

Bond: Target = 85. Tolerance limits : [65,105]

Print: to be maximized. Tolerance limits : [3,4.6]

85

105

1.8

1.8

65

Di

2.0

s=1

1.6

Yi
s=4

4.6

Yi

1.4

1.4
1.2
1.0

Duree

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
120

130

140

150

160

170

180

10.000
25.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
75.000
80.000
85.000
90.000
92.000

Duree

1.0

0.6

0.2
120

130

140

150

160

170

180

2.050
2.350
2.750
3.000
3.250
3.500
3.750
4.000
4.250
4.500
4.550

Temperature

Temperature

Institut de Statistique - Universit Catholique de Louvain

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Global desirability optimization

Weights : Wb = 0.5 et Wp = 0.5
Global desirability : D = Db0.5*Dp0.5

Solution :
Temp = 142.2 Pressure = 150
Bond = 83.92 Print = 4.38
Db = 0.95
Dp = 0.56
Institut de Statistique - Universit Catholique de Louvain

Duration = 0.93
Dglob = 0.73
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Other global desirability functions

Weights
Wb = 0.1 et Wp = 0.9

Weights
Wb = 0.9 et Wp = 0.1

Institut de Statistique - Universit Catholique de Louvain

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Solution
Wb
Wp
Ts
Ps
Ds
Temp
Pressure
Duration
Bond
Print
D(Bond)
D(Print)
D(Global)

1
B-Opt
-0.23
1.00
-0.16
143.1
150
0.95
85.00
4.36

2
P-Opt
-0.75
1.00
-0.56
127.7
150
0.59
53.30
4.55

3
0.50
0.50
-0.26
1.00
-0.18
142.2
150
0.93
83.92
4.38
0.95
0.56
0.73

4
0.10
0.90
-0.50
1.00
-0.37
135.2
150
0.77
72.13
4.51
0.36
0.79
0.73

5
0.90
0.10
-0.23
1.00
-0.16
143.1
150
0.95
85.00
4.36
1.00
0.52
0.94

6
0.30
0.70
-0.37
1.00
-0.27
138.9
150
0.86
79.10
4.45
0.71
0.68
0.68

Duration

Comparison of different optima

Temperature

Institut de Statistique - Universit Catholique de Louvain

OptMultrep- Page 17