Euler

1. Resolveremos el problema de valor inicial

y ' =x y
y (1)=4

Por el mtodo de Euler con h = 0.1 para los puntos x = 1.1, 1.2, 1.3,
1.4 y 1.5.
En este problema tenemos h = 0.1 (x0, y0) = (1, 4) y la funcin f(x, y) =
xy. Por tanto:
yn = yn-1+ xn-1yn-1 h
Dado que el problema se puede resolver tambin de forma exacta,
presentamos en la tabla y grfica los siguientes resultados:
i
0
1
2
3
4
5

xi
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

yi
4
4.2
4.42543
4.67787
4.95904
5.27081

Sol. Exacta
4
4.21276
4.45210
4.71976
5.01760
5.34766

Mtodo de Runge Kutta

1. Determine y (0.5) utilizando el mtodo de Runge-Kutta de cuarto
orden, en el intervalo de inters [0, 0.5], en 5 intervalos.
PVI { y = 4e0.8x 0.5y ; y(0) = 2 ; y(0.5) = ? }
h=

0.50
5

h=0.1

Por lo tanto x0 = 0, x1 = 0.1, x2 = 0.3, x4 = 0.4, x5 = 0.5

ITERACIN I

i = 0 ; x 0 = 0 ; y0 = 2

K 1=[0, 2]=4 e(0.80) ( 0.5 2 )

K 1=3

K 2=f 0+

( 0.1 3 )
0.1
, 2+
=f [0.05,2.15]=4 e(0.80.5 )(0.5 2.15)
2
2
K 2=3.088243

K 3=f 0+

( 0.1 3.088243 )
0.1
, 2+
=f [0.05, 2.154412]
2
2
K 3=4 e(0.80.5)(0.5 2.15)

K 3=3.086037

K 4 =f [ 0+0.1, 2+ ( 0.1 3.086037 ) ] =f [0.1, 2.308603]

K 4 =4 e(0.80.1) (0.5 2.308603)
K 4 =3.178846

y 1(0.1)=2+

{0.16 [ 3+(2 3.088243)+(2 3.086037)+ 3.178846 ] }

y1(0.1) = 2.308790

ITERACIN II

i = 1 ; x1 = 0.1 ; y1 = 2.308790

K 1=f [0.1,2.308790]=4 e (0.80.1) (0.5 2.308790)

K 1=3.178753

K 2=f 0+

0.1
0.1 3.178753
, 2.308790+
=f [0.15,2.467727]
2
2
K 2=4 e(0.80.5 )(0.5 2.467727)
K 2=3.276123

K 3=f 0.1+

( 0.1 3.276123 )
0.1
, 2.30879+
=f [0.15, 2.472596]
2
2

(0.80.15)

K 3=4 e

(0.5 2.472596)

K 3=3.273689

K 4 =f [ 0.1+0.1, 2.308790+ ( 0.1 3.273689 ) ] =f [0.2,2.636158 ]

K 4 =4 e(0.80.2) (0.5 2.636158)
K 4 =3.375964

y2(0.2) = 2.308790 +{0.1 /6 [3.178753 +(2 *3.276123) +(2 *3.273689)

+3.375964]}
y2(0.2) = 2.636362

ITERACIN III

i = 2 ; x2 = 0.2 ; y2 = 2.636362

K 1=f [0.2,2.636362]=4 e(0.80.2) (0.5 2.636362)

K 1=3.375862

K 2=f 0.2+

0.1
0.1 3.375862
, 2.636362+
= f [0.25,2.805155]
2
2
K 2=4 e(0.80.25 )( 0.5 2.805155)

K 2=3.483033

K 3=f 0.2+

( 0.1 3.483033 )
0.1
, 2.636362+
= f [ 0.25, 2.810513]
2
2
K 3=4 e(0.80.25)(0.5 2.810513)
K 3=3.480354

K 4 =f [ 0.2+0.1, 2.636362+ ( 0.1 3.480354 ) ]=f [0.3, 2.984397]

K 4 =4 e(0.80.3) (0.5 2.984397)
K 4 =3.592798

y3(0.3) = 2.636362 +{0.1 /6 [3.375862 +(2 *3.483033) +(2 *3.480354)

+3.592798]}
y2(0.3) = 2.984619

ITERACIN IV

i =3 ; x3 =0.3 ; y3 =2.984619

K 1=f [0.3,2.984619]=4 e(0.80.3) (0.5 2.984619)

K 1=3.592687

K 2=f 0.3+

0.1
0.1 3.592687
, 2.984619+
=f [0.35,3.164253]
2
2
K 2=4 e(0.80.35 )(0.5 3.164253)
K 2=3.710392

K 3=f 0.3+

( 0.1 3.710392 )
0.1
, 2.984619+
=f [ 0.35, 3.170138]
2
2
K 3=4 e(0.80.35)(0.5 3.170138)
K 3=3.707450

K 4 =f [ 0.3+0.1, 2.984619+ ( 0.1 3.707450 ) ] =f [0.4, 3.355364]

(0.80.4 )

K 4 =4 e

( 0.5 3.355364)

K 4 =3. 830829

y4(0.4) = 2.984619 +{0.1 /6 [3.592687 +(2 *3.710392) +(2 *3.707450)

+3.830829]}
y2(0.4) = 3.355606

ITERACIN V

i = 4 ; x4 = 0.4 ; y4 = 3.355606

(0.80.4)

K 1=f [0.4,3.355606 ]=4 e

(0.5 3.355606)

K 1=3.830708

K 2=f 0.4+

0.1
0.1 3.830708
,3.355606+
= f [0.45,3.547141]
2
2
K 2=4 e(0.80.45 )( 0.5 3.547141)
K 2=3.959747

K 3=f 0.4+

( 0.1 3.959747 )
0.1
,3.355606+
= f [0.45, 3.553593]
2
2
K 3=4 e(0.80.45)(0.5 3.553593)
K 3=3.956521

K 4 =f [ 0.4+ 0.1,3.355606+ ( 0.1 3.956521 ) ]=f [0.5, 3.751258]

K 4 =4 e(0.80.5) ( 0.5 3.751258)
K 4 =4.091669

y5(0.5) = 3.355606 +{0.1 /6 [3.830708 +(2 *3.959747) +(2 *3.956521)

+4.091669]}
La solucin requerida es
Ejemplo 2

y5(0.5) = 3.751521