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Before you read this post, we recommend you read the following articles first:
Mobile Network Architecture for 5G Era - New C-RAN Architecture and Distributed 5G Core
5G Devices
5G Network
Nokia, 2015
with different characteristics and needs. Some of the most mentioned use cases for 5G era are Mobile
Broadband, Massive IoT, and Mission-critical IoT, and they all require different types of features and
networks in terms of mobility, charging, security, policy control, latency, reliability, etc.
For instance, an massive IoT service that connects immobile sensors measuring temperature, humidity,
precipitation, etc. to mobile networks does not require features like handover or location update, which
1
have been critical in serving mobile phones. Or, a mission-critical IoT service (like autonomous driving or
remote controlled robots) requires, unlike mobile broadband service, a substantially low E2E latency less than a few ms.
Table 1. Most compelling use cases for 5G
5G Use Case
Example
Requirements
Mobile Broadband
Massive IoT
control 1 ms)
Mission-critical IoT
high reliability
Then, does this mean we have to make dedicated networks for each service? So, one for 5G phone, one
for 5G massive IoT, another for 5G mission-critical IoT, and so on? No, we do not have to because
network slicing can give you multiple logical networks over a single physical network. A much more costeffective way!
Service/Device
Communication service
(voice, text and Internet)
Communication, Internet
Mobile Broadband
~ 20Gbps
4G network
Massive IoT
200,000/Km2
5G network
Logistics,
Agriculture,
Climate
Automobile
, Factory
Mission-critical IoT
1ms
how?
Multiple 5G networks ? X
Communication, Internet
Logistics,
Agriculture,
Climate
Automobile
, Factory
Network Slicing !
Communication, Internet
Mobile Broadband
Mobile Broadband Slice
Massive IoT
Mission-critical IoT
5G network
Logistics,
Agriculture,
Climate
Automobile
, Factory
RU
RAN
Core
DU
Core
PCRF
Fronthaul
Dedicated
equipment
IP Backhaul
MME
S/P-GW
Dedicated
equipment
Dedicated
equipment
Edge Cloud
Core Cloud
(NFV)
(NFV)
VM/VNF=DU
VM/VNF = Core
Core
DU
Hypervisor
Dedicated
equipment
Commercial
server
SDN
(network connection
between VMs)
Hypervisor
Commercial
server
Network Slicing: Creating multiple virtual networks (by cutting network horizontally)
UHD Slice
Edge Cloud
Core Cloud
(NFV)
(NFV)
DU
Core
Phone Slice
DU
Core
DU
Core
DU
Core
Hypervisor
Hypervisor
SDN
Dedicated
equipment
Commercial
server
Commercial
server
In the figure, Core indicates user plane
Figure 4 shows how applications dedicated for each service can be virtualized and installed in each slice.
For example, slices can be configured as follows:
UHD slice: All virtualized DU, 5G Core (UP), and Cache server in Edge cloud, and virtualized 5G
Core (CP) and MVO server in Core cloud
Phone slice: 5G Core (UP and CP) with full mobility features, and IMS server, all virtualized in Core
cloud
Massive IoT slice (e.g., sensor network): Simpler, light duty 5G Core WITHOUT mobility
management feature in Core cloud
Mission-critical IoT slice: 5G Core (UP) and associated servers (e.g., V2X server) all down in Edge
cloud for minimized transmission delay
As seen so far, dedicated slices are created for services with different requirements. And virtualized
network functions are being placed in different locations in each slice (i.e., Edge or Core cloud) depending
on services. Also, some network functions, like charging, policy control, etc., can be essential in one slice,
but unnecessary in other slices. Operators can customize network slices the way they want, probably in
the most cost-effective way.
Edge Cloud
Core Cloud
(NFV)
(NFV)
UHD Slice
MVO
DU
Core
Cache
TCP-Opt.
Phone Slice
DU
IMS
Core
IoT Svr
DU
Core
Access Mgt
Session Mgt
Core
V2X Svr
V2X Svr
Hypervisor
Hypervisor
Dedicated
equipment
Access Mgt
Session Mgt
Mobility Mgt
Charging
SDN
SDN Controller
VM (VNF) Creation, Control
Connectivity among VMs
Edge Cloud
(NFV)
DU
(UHD)
PGW
(UHD)
CDN
cache
Core Cloud
(NFV)
CDN
parent
UHD VPN
100Gbps, BE
DU
(Voice)
PGW
(Voice)
Voice VPN
DU
(IoT)
IMS
PGW
(IoT)
IoT VPN
IoT
vSwitch/vRouter
DC SD
SDN SW
nel
N Tun
SDN SW
IP/MPLS-SDN
(MPLS L3 VPN)
DC G/W
(PE)
5G Fronthaul
DC SD
vSwitch/
N Tun
nel vRouter
DC G/W
(PE)
T-SDN (POTN)
T-SDN
Network slicing for 5G era is still shaping up, with concerns and issues remaining unsolved. So, we will
keep track of technological updates by operators, vendors and standardization organizations in Korea
and around the world, to keep you updated about the technology.
Services
Mobile
Network
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
eMBMS/Mobile IPTV
CDN/Mobile CDN
Transparent Caching
BSS/OSS
Cable TPS
Voice/Video Quality
IMS
Policy Control/PCRF
IPTV/TPS
LTE/LTE Advanced
Mobile WiMAX
Carrier Wi-Fi
LTE Backhaul/Fronthaul
Data Center Migration
Wireline
Network
Carrier Ethernet
FTTH
Data Center
Metro Ethernet
MPLS
IP Routing
CDN
Transparent
Caching
Analysis
Networks
eMBMS
LTE
IMS
Infrastructure Services
Concept Design
DRM
POC
Training
Wi-Fi
protocols
IP/MPLS
Carrier Ethernet
Consulting
Future