Form 2 Science

July Test (Photosynthesis Solute and Solubility)

Chapter 4
4.4 Photosynthesis
1. Equation for Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + Water (Sunlight @ Chlorophyll) Glucose + Oxygen
4.5 Conservation and Preservation of Living Organisms
1. Steps taken to conserve and preserve living organisms
a. Reforestation
b. Recycling
c. Enforce laws to control logging activities
d. Enforce laws on the protection wildlife
e. Increases public awareness on its importance through education.
2. A. Acid rain Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide
B. Depletion of the ozone layer CFC
C. The greenhouse effect Carbon dioxide
Chapter 5
5.1 Physical Characteristics Of Water
1. Freezes at 0C
(Distilled water + Salt -1 or lower)
2. Bolis at 100C
(Distilled water + Salt 101 or higher)
3. A colourless, tasteless and odorless liquid at room temperature.
4. Poor thermal & electrical conductor
5. Has a density of 1g cm-3
6. Expands upon freezing
*** Impurities decrease the freezing point of water but increase the boiling
point of water. ***
1. Test for presence of water
a. Anhydrous copper sulphate white to pink
b. Cobalt chloride paper blue to pink
5.2 Composition Of Water
1. One molecules of water = 2 atoms of hydrogen + 1 atom of oxygen
[ H2O]
2. Determined by electrolysis
Cylinder X 10 cm3
Produces a pop sound with a burning
Hydrogen
wooden splinter.
3
Cylinder Y 5 cm
Light a glowing wooden splinter.
Oxygen
5.3 Evaporation of Water
1. Liquid changes into vapour
2. SURFACE OF THE LIQUID & TEMPERATURE BELOW BOILING POINT OF THE LIQUID
3. Factors affecting the rate of evaporation of water.
a. Surface area of water
b. Humidity of the air
c. Movement of air
d. Temperature of the surroundings
4. Application of evaporation
a. Obtain salt from sea water
b. Dry products from agriculture such as cocoa
c. To dry clothes

d. To process milk powder

Evaporation

Boiling
Similarities:
- Process by which a liquid changes into

vapour.
Temperature below its
boiling point
Slow process
Surface of the liquid
5.4 Solute and Solubility
Solvent
+
(Liquid that dissolves a substance)
solute and the solvent)

- Heat energy is absorbed.

Temperature
At boiling point
Rate
Where

Solute

Fast process
Throughout the liquid

(A substance that is dissolved)

Solution
(A mixture of the

1. Dilute solution = Very little solute

2. Concentrated solution = A lot of solute
3. Saturated solution = Maximum amount of solute and cannot dissolves anymore.
Solution
Clear mixture
Contains very tine solute particles
No sedimentation
Allows light to pass through
Factors Affecting Solubility
1. Nature of solute
2. Nature of solvent
3. Temperature of the solvent
Rate of Dissolving
1. Temperature of solvent
2. Surface area of solute
3. Stirring

Suspension
Cloudy mixture
Contains large solute particles
Sedimentation occurs
Does not allow much light to pass through