PROCEDIMIENTO DE HOMOLOGACIN

DE FACTORES DE VIENTO Y SISMO C.F.E.

2008.

CONTENT:
1.INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................2
2.INFORMATION.................................................................................................................................2
3.GEOMETRY......................................................................................................................................3
4.SEISMICPARAMETERS......................................................................................................................3
5.SEISMICPARAMETERSC.F.E............................................................................................................5
6.WINDPARAMETERSC.F.E.............................................................................................................10
7.CONCLUSIONS...............................................................................................................................17
8.

BIBLIOGRAFICREFERENCES.......................................................................................................21

1:

1. INTRODUCTION
On this document we show the parameters and methods for calculation the wind
and seismic factor according to the CFE regulation (2008) for the appropriate use
of the Design COMPRESS Software.

2. INFORMATION
The information that was be used for elaborating this report consist by the
following things:
a) User Defined guide of the wind and earthquake sections for the use of
the program COMPRESS
b) Information about the Vessel design according to CFE

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3. GEOMETRY

Figure. Geometry of the Vessel

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4.SEISMIC PARAMETERS.
According to the criteria of the User Defined Seismic Code on the COMPRES
Software, the required parameters are the following:
a) Consider Vertical Accelerations
b) Force Multiplier
c) Minimum Weight Multiplier
d) Base Shear Multiplier
e) Portion at Top
All the edification codes calculate the horizontal force at the base of the structure,
which is tested during an earthquake. The structure must hold the horizontal
force. The codes establish how the horizontal force is distributed, in other words,
the value of it at a specific height.
When using the option user defined you can specify the base shear as the
product of the vessels weight and a factor of the base shear. On the COMPRESS
program weve got an standard algorithm that allows us determinate the different
shears in intermediate heights.
Base Shear Multiplier- the user can define the total base shear that would be used
introducing the factor of the base shear. This factor consist on the introduced
acceleration during the seismic event, expressed in Gs
Portion at Top - many edification codes are done by taking historically a portion
of the base shear an applying it on the top of the structure. COMPRESS allows
the user to do something similar using a percentage called portion at top
Vertical Accelerations - In the COMPRESS is possible to define the distribution
of the vertical base shear with respect to high of the vessel, this shear its a % of
the horizontal accelerations applied on the structural as per Design Code.

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5. SEISMIC PARAMETERS C.F.E

Here we show the obtainment for the parameters mentioned above using the CFE
parameters.
a) Base Shear Multiplier (BSM):

The coefficient of the base shear is the result of the division of the base shear and
the weight of the structure.
The coefficient will be taken for the relation to be:

Where:
isthestrengthofthebaseshear
istheweightoftheconstruction,includingdeadandlifeLoads
isthereducerfactorbyductility.
istheinferiorlimitofthespectrumsdesignsplateau
istheseismiccoefficient
istheabsorptionfactor

R = 1.25 --- Reducing Factor per overstress.

On the seismic tank design, the value of the reduction factor times the over
resistance, R, will depend of the characteristics of the structure of the structure of
the base, considering the defined criteria for building designs. When dealing with

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deposits, we will use a factor of reduction times over resistance of 1.25, unless
we could justify the use of a bigger value for this factor.
c --- Seismic coefficient
To calculate the seismic coefficient its necessary to know la maximum
acceleration of the land.

So,

Q--- Factor that reduces ductility

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Where:

Itstheseismicbehaviorfactorspecifiedintherecommendationsforeachkindof
structure
Itstheabsorptionfactor
Itsthesuperiorlimitofthespectrumsdesignsplateau
Thestructuralperiod

Itsaparameterthatcontrolsthespectrumsfall

Itsafactorusedfordefiningthevariationofthespectruminthedescendingbranch,
calculatedbythefollowingformula(2.2):

Q = 3 ----- Seismic behavior Factor.

Table 8.1.

Seismic behavior Factor

type
Steel deposits
Not anchored, designed considering the lifting
of the base (they could develop sag on the wall
with the configuration of elephant feet under
seismic overcharges)
Not anchored, designed considering the lifting
of the base and the sag elastic mode of the wall

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Q
2

1.25

(diamond configuration)
Anchored, with non-ductile bolts
Anchored, with ductile bolts
Supported on ductile pedestals
Concrete deposits
Reinforced concrete
Prestressed concrete
Elevated tanks

1.25
3
3
1.25
1
The one corresponding to the base structure2,3

= 1.0 ----- damping factor

The damping factor allows us modify the orders of the designs spectrum because
the structural damping values different from = 5%, or, due to the effects of the
interaction with the floor structure. (3.1.6.5 CFE 2008).

Tb = 0.6 ----- superior limit of the spectrums plateau

For rough surface Tb = 0.6 s (3.1.6.3 CFE 2008).
Te ----- structures period
A modal analysis is required to know the structures period.
k = 1.0 ----- fall of the spectrum decedent branch
The parameter k, which controls the spectrum decedent branch during a long
period, is determined by:

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Ts Dominant factor of the site (Ec. 1.8 CFE 2008)

Fr answer factor (chart 1.3 CFE 2008)
For rough surface k = 2.0 (3.1.6.4 CFE 2008).
b) Portion at Top
The CFE regulations does not contemplates a parameter to distribute a
percentage of the base contrast to the superior part of the structure, so its
recommended use the one mentioned in the ASCE 7-10
Portion at Top = 0.07
c) Consider Vertical Accelerations
For the recipients that are located in zones of high seismic risk, we additionally
consider the action of the vertical component which effect will be taken as a
hydrodynamic pressure same to the corresponding hydrostatic, multiplied by 2/3
of the maximum horizontal acceleration of the land, divided in gravitys
acceleration (3.8.7 CFE 2008).
Force Multiplier = 0.67
d) Minimum Weight Multiplier (MWM)
The CFE regulation does not establish a minimum parameter for the weight, so
its recommended to use the one mentioned in the ASCE 7-10.
MWM = 0.2

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6. WIND PARAMETERS C.F.E.

a) Analysis of wind in silos.
The parameter that has been asked to use the program for the wind code, is called
Wind Force Coefficient Cf, which is the one that multiplies directly the wind
pressure to design the elevated tanks.

Following this concept, we would like to make reference to the Manual of Civil
Works Design by wind of the CFE, published in 2008, which is the regulation
that is applied in our country, it has a sections of all the considerations for the
silos and cylindrical tanks, this is the section 4.3.2.9 mentioned bellow:
The expressions that are recommended are valid for silos or isolated tanks; they
could also be applied to group of them when they are separated by a distance
bigger than twice the diameter, otherwise it should be consulted with an
specialist. The external pressure, pe, for the design of the walls, and the ceilings
and cylindrical tanks (figure 4.3.16(a)), should be calculated using:

where:
Cpe

is the coefficient of the external pressure depending if its a Wall or the

ceiling of the silo or the dimension of the cylindrical tank, dimensionless

KA

is the reduction factor of the pressure by the dimensionless area

KL

is the factor of the dimensionless local pressure

qz

its the dynamic pressure of the base in Pa, determined according to the
subsection 4.2.5.

The KA factor its used on the ceilings or on the tops of the construction
according with what has been indicated on the subsection 4.3.2.1.1; for the walls
on the perimeter, this factor will be equal to the unit.

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The KL factor, which is given on the chart 4.3.5 will be applied to the windward
border zone of the ceilings when the slope of the ceiling is bigger or equal to 30;
when bigger to 15, this factor will be applied over a zone near to the cone tip.
Each of the areas are shown in the figure 4.3.16(b). the factor of the local
pressure must be taken as equal to 1.0 for the walls of the tank or silo.
In the case of the ceiling and the top of the tanks, the coefficient of external
pressure, Cpe, will be gotten from the figure 4.3.16(b), in which we observe that
this coefficient its applied when the gradient of the ceiling , y, its founded
between 0 and 30. For bigger values its recommended to use the results of
experiments on a wind tunnel or in books.
Finally, the coefficient of the external pressure for the lateral walls vary with the
angle (Figure 4.3.16(a)) according to the following expression:

Where:

The angle divided in the wind direction and a point over the wall of the
silo or circular tank (Figure 4.3.16 (a)).

The coefficient Cpc corresponds to the value of unitary he/b and its corrected by
Ks for other values in this relation.
The coefficient Cpe is valid for all the tanks located at the level of the land or
supported by columns, which height its not bigger that themselves, he (Figure
4.3.16(a)). Even though, the relation he/b should be in the range of 0.25 to 0.40.
In the case of the walls, all the pressures are going to be calculated for the

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corresponding velocity to the height of z; for the pressure of the ceiling we must
consider the height h
The drag force, Fa, in N, must be considered to design the global tanks (for the
ones located on the land, even to the elevated ones), this will be calculated with
the expression:

Where de dimensions b and h are defined in the figure 4.3.16(a) and (b), and the
dynamic pressure of the base (subsection 4.2.5) are calculated using the height h.
For the inferior Surface of the elevated tanks, the coefficient of the external
pressure, Cpe, will be equal to 0.8 or -0.6, depending on which its a better
option. For the tanks that are elevated led than a third part of their height (he), the
values of Cpe that were used before will be used linearly interpolated with a
value of 0.0, according with the relation between the height of the natural land
and the height of the construction.
To calculate the pressure on the inferior Surface, the height h must be taken. This
recommendation might be applied for the case of closed construction that are
elevated (subsection 4.3.2.1)

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Wind
direction

Affectedzone
bythelocal
pressure

Wind
direction

13:

Affectedzone
bythelocal

Wind
direction

If openings on the ceiling of the tanks exist, the recommendations for closed
constructions must be applied as marked on the subsection 4.3.2.1.2. if the tanks
do not have a ceiling then, the internal pressure will be determined based on the
pressure coefficient, given by this expression:

The corresponding pressures will be valued for the height h

Its not considered that the tanks could have openings on the walls, if this is the
case, a specialist must be consulted or the result of experiments shown on the
text.
b) Adjustment of the policy to the User Definer of COMPRESS Software.
Based on the figure 4.3.16 (a) we made an analysis of all the pressures around the
elevated tank, changing the angle from 0 to 180, this was done with the
purpose of checking the behavior of the thrust coefficient.
In the Table below we show, the estimates obtained from the corresponding
equations, and the value of Cpe that multiplies directly the pressure thrust qz is
the coefficient that we are looking for.

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15:

In the chart the negative coefficient indicates that its a zone where the thrust is
due suction, this means that it goes out of the cylindrical plan, while the positive
thrusts inside the cylinder.
We can observe these results in the next graphic, where the values go from 0.85
where the wind is applied, until -2.00 in a zone of 90 and then it diminish again
to -0.50 in the posterior part of the direction of the wind

Variationofthethrustcoefficientaccordingto
theangle

Collocating this over the drawing of the tank we get a pressure diagram like this
one:

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7. CONCLUSIONS

7.1)

For WIND PARAMETERS C.F.E. 2008

On the design by wind, in the case of elevated tanks, and for to calculate the
substructure of the tank (or the support structure) we recommend to add the
coefficients of 0.85 y 0.5 because the go in the same direction, or to use a
coefficient of 1.35
Wind Force Coefficient =

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1.35

7.2)

For SEISMIC PARAMETERS C.F.E. 2008

In the case of the parameter for the design for the earthquake, its necessary to
obtain the structure period, and also know the maximum acceleration of the zone
according to the figure 1.2 of the regulation to calculate the factor of the base
shear.
A reference chart has been added, with this we obtain a factor of the base shear
for various structure periods, considering an acceleration of the land of 300cm/s2
in type A structures.
Pg.9:

Portion at Top = 0.07

Pg. 9:

Force Multiplier = 0.67

Pg.9:

Minimum Weight Multiplier (MWM) = 0.2000

Pg.20:

Base Shear Multiplier (BSM)

a) From the COMPRESS Results and from Seismic Code page
use the Fundamental Period (T) values.

Period of Vibration Calculation

Fundamental Period, T:
Operating, Corroded: 0.006 sec (f = 172.2 Hz)
Empty, Corroded: 0.004 sec (f = 265.3 Hz)
Vacuum, Corroded: 0.006 sec (f = 172.2 Hz)
The fundamental period of vibration T (above) is calculated using the Rayleigh method of
approximation:
T = 2 * PI * Sqr( {Sum(Wi * yi
2 )} / {g * Sum(Wi * yi )} ), where
Wi is the weight of the ith lumped mass, and

b) With the (T= Te) value, enter in the Table: Base Shear
Multiplier for to obtain the BSM values; and
c) Use this BSM values in the User-defined" for Seismic
Design of the COMPRESS Software

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Parameters
P
s Of SEISM
SMIC DESIIGN SPEC
CTRUM

199:

Table:

200:

Base Shear Mu
ultiplier (B
BSM)

8.

BIBLIOGRAFIC REFERENCES

Manual de diseo de Obras Civiles (Diseo por sismo). Comisin Federal

de Electricidad, Mxico, 2008.

Manual de diseo de Obras Civiles (Diseo por viento). Comisin Federal

de Electricidad, Mxico, 2008.

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