1917-8 2.3.40 Other Publications, Memian-Witsiers Collegiate Dietio- nary, 1th edition, Mertiam-Webstes, Inc., Springficld, MA, 2003. 24 References for Extracts in Sections. NFPA 70", National Eletical Cod, 2014 edition. NFPA M1, Standard fr a Fire and Emergency Service While Operations Training Progms, 2013 edition. NFPA 1901, Standard for Automat Fire Apparatus, 2016 edi- tion, ‘Chapier Definitions 3.1 General. The definitions contained in thic chapter shall apply to the terms used in thie standard. Where terms are not defined in this chapter or within another chapter, they shall be defined using ther ordinarily accepted meanings within the contextin which they are uscd. Merrign-Witser’s Collegiate Dictionary, th edition, sball be the source for the ordinarily accepted meaning. 3.2 NEPA O fficial Definitions. 3.21° Approved. Acceptable to the authority having juriscice tion, 3.2.2° Authority Having Jurisdiction (AH). An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requi ments of a code or standard, or for approving equipment ‘material, an installation, ora procedure 3.23 Labeled. Equipment or materials tw which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an orgs nization that is acceptable to the authority having juriedici on and concemed with product evaluation, that maintains peri ‘odic inspection of production of labeled cquipment or mate- rials, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates com- pliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner. 3.24° Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included ina list published by an organization that is acceptable to the au- thority having jurisdiction and concemed with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic impecion of Production of listed equipment or matcrialsor periodic evalu- ation of services, and whose listing states that either the eq uip- ‘ment, material, or service meets appropriate designated stan- darck or kus been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose, 3.25 Shall, Indicates mandatory requirement. 3.2.6 Should. Indicates 2 recommendation or that which is achised but not required. 3.27 Sndard. An NFPA Standard, the main text of whit contains only mandatory provisions using the word “shall” wo indicate requiremems and that is in a form generally suitable for mandatory reference by another standard -or code or for adoption into law Nonmandatory provisions are not to be considered a pant of the requirements of a standard and shall be located in an appendix, annex, footnote, informational note, oF other means as permitted in the NFPA Manuals of Style When used in a generic sense, such as in Uke phrase “sundards development process” or “standards development activities,” the term “stanelards” includes all NEPA Standards, including Codes, Sundards, Recommended Practices, and Guides. Deore ston AUTOMOTIVE AMBULANCES, 3.3 General Definitions. AI Acceptmce, An agrcement bemcen the purchasing authority and the contractor that the terms and conditions of the contract have been met [1901, 2016] 3.3.2 Acceptance Test. Tests performed on behalf of or by the purchaser at the time of delivery to determine compliance ‘with the specifications or the ambulance. 333 Ambulance. Avehicle used for outofhospital medical ‘care and patient transport that provides a driver's compart- ment, a patient compartment to accommodate an emergency medical services provider (EMSP) and atleast one patient lo ‘cateel on the primary cot positioned so that the primary pa tient can be given emergency care during transit; equipment and supplies for emergency careat the scene as well as during. ‘anspor: safety, comio i, and avoidance of aggravation of the paticnt’s injury or illness; two-way radio communication; and audible and visual traffic warning devices 3331 Substantially Similar Ambulance, An ambulance in ‘which the relevant area ar component that is being com- pared or considered is comparable. Applicable to the test being considered foran ambulance in Which like arcassare comparce 3332 Type / Ambulance. An ambulance with 2 10,001 Ib, (4536 kg) to- 14,000 Ib (6350 kg) grossvehicle weight ening (GVWR) constructed on 2 cab chassis with a modular am bbulance bod 3333 Type FAD (Additional Duty) Ambulance. An ambu- lance with 2 14,001 Ib (6351 kg) or more GVWR com structed on a.cab chassis with a modular ambulance body. 3334 Type Ambulance. An ambulance constructed on B35. Type I Ambulance. An ambulance with 3 10,001 1b. 10 14,000 Ib GVWR comtructed on a cutaway van chassis ‘with integrated modular ambulance bod. 3336 Type HEAD (Additional Duly) Ambulance. An armbu- lance with 2 14,001 Ib or more GVWR constructed on cutaway van chassis with integrated modular body. BA Ange. 3341 Ample of Approach. The smallest angle made be ween the road surface and a line drawn from the front point of ground comact of the front tire to any projection ‘ofthe ambulance in front of the front axle. 342 Angle of Departure. The smallest angle made be tween the road surfice and a line drawn from the rear point of ground contact of the rear tire to any projection of | theambulance behind the rear axle. 3343 Ramp Breahover Angie. The angle measured be twcen two lines tangent to the front and rear tire static loaded radius, and intersecting ata pointon the underside Lofthe vehicle that defines the largest rump over which the sehicle can roll, [1901, 2016] 3.25 Automatic Electrical Load ManagementSystem. Advice that continuously monitors the dectrical sytem village and automatically sheds predetermined loads in 2 selected! order tw prevent exerdice harging of the ambulance’s batteries 33.6 Bonded (Bonding). Connected to establish electrical ‘continuityand conductivity. 11901, 2016]DEFINITIONS i970 3.47 Bulkhead. The partition dividing the driver compan- ‘ment from the patient compartment. 3.3.8 Center of Gravity. The point atwhich the entire weight of the ambulance is considered to be concentrated so that, if supported at this point, the ambulance would res equi- librium in any position. 33.9 Chasis, ‘The basic operating motor vehide, including, the engine, frame, and other esential structural and meckani- cal puns, but exclusive of the body and all appurtenanees for the accommodation of driver, property, passengers, appli- ances, or equipment related to fumetions other than control 3.3.10° Common and Critical Equipment and Supplies. Equip- ment and/or supply items that are frequently used for or are essential to providing patient care. 3.311 Compartment. 3.311 Enclosed Compartment. A weatherresistant area designed to protect stored items from environmental dam- age that is confined on six sides and equipped with an ac- cess opening(s) that can be closed and latched. 3.3.1.2 Patient Compartment. The postion of the ambu- lance behind the cab. 3.3AL21 Type I Patient Compartment. The modular body area added on behind the cab. 33.A1.22 Type I Patient jaut. ‘The body area be- ginning immediately behind the forware bulkhead. 331123 Type Ml Patiewt Compartment, The modular body area added on behind the cab. 3.3.12 Conductor 33.121 Grounding Comludor. A vomcurrenteanying conductor used 10 conneet equipment or the ground cr stant load for an indefinitely long time. [1901, 2016] 3.8.14 Contractor: The person or company responsible for fulliling an agreed upon contract. (1901, 2016] 3.3.5 Defect. Adiscontinuity in a part or a failure to fine ‘ion that interferes with the service or reliability for which the ‘part wasimtendedi, (1901, 2016] 3.3.16 Documentation, Any data or information supplied by ‘the manufacturer or contractor relative to the ambulance, in ‘duding information om its operation, service, and mainte 3.3.17 Electrical Appliance. An clectrical device or instru ‘ment designed to perform a specific funetion, such as scene lights, batiery charger, medical equipment, and so forth, 3.3.18 Hlectronic Siren. An audible waming device that pro- ‘duces sound electronically through the usc of amplifiers and ‘electromagnetic speakers, (1901, 2016] 3.3.19 Exterior Anonshelicred location exposed tothe envi- Tonment either continuously or intermittently. (1901, 2016] 3.520 Federal Mowr Vehicle Standards (FMVSS). Regulations promulgated by the National Highway: Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) of the United States under Public Law 89.563 that are mandatory and must be complicd with when motor tehicles or items of motor vehicle efip- ment arc manufactured and ccrified thercta, 3.521 Fiwed Power Source. Any line voltage power source cexcepta portable generior 3.8.22 Fully Latched Posidon. The lst or filly closed position fon the striter of 2 49 CFR 571, FMVSS 206 compliant door hatch 3.5.25 Gallon. United States gallon. (1901, 2016] 3.3.24 Gauge. Avvisual device that indicates a measurement. (1901, 2016] 3.3.25 GAWR. Scc3.5.701, Gross Axle Weight Rating, $5.26 Generator clectromechanical device fr the pro- duction of electricity. [1901, 2016] $527 Gels A nessremontof the angle wed nso de- Sige andexpreced se percentage of clceston change ote? distance. (1901, 2016) 5.3.28 Grand Cearance. The learance under weise st Siiocatoneesecptthe sian devas concctone Ie Sie orhcmsdelgned seiner 55.29 GHWR. Sce 553.705, Grow Vehicle Weight ting (GVWR). 5.350 High Speed Con. conta oF sehr that proness ere toner th engi operating speed fron tc contin o's higher rea operating ped {1901, 2016] 5.554 Lael, Avni indication ether pictorial or word (ormauthat provides forthe ienteation of x conte, itch, indistor: of gge othe spoof ilrmation nec oe ‘operator [1901, 2016] $5.5 neh A mechanical device med t poo the door imsclowed pesto mv tothe a Framer with Bron ‘fon frecontlled sles or operon 5.3.56 Line Vtage Gis Equipment or Siem. nae de ‘kari creuitcqipment omer whee he volage to Grounds tomline eines cyclo reterthan alt fm ac), i vltepesk (x) oF 0 ole 3.3.37 Load Distribution Man. A drawing or spreadsheet of eee cabinets riparientrceherse age ‘hs maximern of Next rhe ech loco $5.58 Loow Eppes Eqsipment other than the os pane andthe cot tha iene be or onthe a tee nie ection191710. 3.3.39 Low Vokage Grcuit, Equipment, or System. Anclectri- cal circuit, equipment, or system where the voltage does not exceed 30 volis ms (ac), 4224 volts peak (ac), or 60 volts dc ustnilly 12volts de in an ambulance. 3.340 Manufacturer. The person or persons, company, finm, corporation, parmership, or other omganization responsible for turning raw matesials or components imto a finished prod- uct. 3.3411 Optical Center. The point specified by the optical wam- ing device manufacturer ofhighest intensity when measuring the output of an optical waming device. (1901, 2016] 3342 Optical Power. A unit of measure designaicd as candela-seconds/minute that combines the flash energy and flash rate of an optical source into one power measurement representing the truc visual efleetiveness of the emitted light (1901, 2016), 3.3.43° Optical Source. Any single, independently mounted, lightemiuing componentin alighting system. [1901, 2016] 3.344 Optical Waming Device. A manufactured ascmbly of ‘one oF more optical sources. [1901, 2016] 3.345 Panelboard. A single panel or group of panel designed for assembly in the form of a single panel, including buses and automatic overcurrent devices, and equipped with or without switches for the control of light, heat, or passer Gireuits designed to be placed in a cabinet or cutout box placed in or against a wall, partition, of other support; and accessible only from the front. [70:100] 3.346 Patient Cot. An clevating paticmt conveyance device upon which the primary patient is transported, which is also known as a transporter, gumcy, and cartier. 3347 Power Source. A device that produces line voltage electricity. [1901, 29016] sembly that is parly comprised grounding conductor, and line voltage conductors connected from the oulput terminals of the power source to the Grst main overcurrent protection device. (1901, 2016] 3.5.49 Primary Patient Care Seat. The seating position desig- nated by the AH] from which the EMSP is expected to provide primary patient care, 3.3.50 Proper(ly). In accordance with the manufacusrer’s specifications or as recommended by the manufacturer, [1901, 2016) 3.3.51 pei. Pounck per square inch. 3.5.52 PTO. Power takeoff. 3.3.53 Purchase The authority having responsi specification and acceptance of the ambulance. 3.3.54 Purchasing Authority. The agency thathas the sole re sponsibility and authority for negotiating. placing. and, where necessary, modifying cach and every solicitation, purchase or der, or other award issued bya governing body. [1901, 2016] 3.3.55 Qualified Person, A person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, professional standing, or skill, and who, by knowledge, training, and experience, has demon- strated the ability to deal with problems related wo the subject matter, the work, or the project. (1451, 2013] yy for the D ceis eaten AUTOMOTIVE AMBULANCES 33.56 Readily Accesible. Able to be located, reached, ser- iced. or removed without removing other components or parts of the ambulance and without the need to use special tools to open enclosures. 3.3.57 Reserve Capacity. The ability of a banery to sustain a minimum electrical load im the event of a charging system jure or a prolonged charging system deficit. [1901, 2016] BR58 Seat. SR5R.1 Child Retruint Seat. Ascat capable of transporting achild 661b (30 kg) or lessin accordance with 49 CFR 571, FMVSS 213 and mounted in accorekance with the seat manu: facurer’s recommendation. SS.58.2 fifa! Restraint Sent. A scat capable of transport: ing an infant ® Ib (10 kg) or less in accordance with 48 CFR 571, FMVSS 213 and mounted in accordance with the seat manufacturer's recommendation, 3.3.59 Side Entry Door. The bodly door on the side of the ambulance body that prosides entry into the patient compart- ment and through which patients can be loaded and un- loaded. 33.60 Sign. A visual indication whetherin pictorial or word format that provides 2 warning to the operator or other per- sons near the ambulance. 3361 Stretcher A transportation device ako known asa cot, liter, or flat, designed to transporta supine patient. 3.3.62 Substantially Similar Ambulance. One or more compo- nents or systems that are the same and that perform the same functions in whicles or equipment sold or offered for sale in the United States, regardless of whether the partnumbersare identical, 3363 Swiker Amechanical device with which thelatch en- F3gc on the opposing member of the body framework. S:K6E Switch, Any set of contacts that interrupts or controls ‘current flow through an electrical circuit. (1901, 2016] 33.65 Total Continuous Flectrical Load. The total current re- ‘quired to operaicall of the devices permanently connected (0 the ambulance that can be simultaneously energized exclude ing intermitenteype loads. 3.3.65 Tuming Clearance Radius. One-half the larger of the left or right full cirde wall-to-wall turning dismeter. [1901, 2016] R67" Type Centificate. A document that is isewed to certify the compliance of an ambulance design or component to a specific tes. 33.68 Unable Payload. The weight of the loose equipment, ‘occupants, and cot that can be carried in the ambulance with- ‘out exrceding the GVWR. 33.69 Weight. 3369.1° Curb Weight. The total weight of the complete ambulance less the payload. SA 70 Weight Rating. 3370.1 Gross Aule Weight Rating (GAHR). The firal-stage manufacturer's specified maximum load-carrying capacity of an axle system, at measured at the tire-ground inter faces.GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 1917-11 3.3.70.2 Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR). The final-stage manufacturer's specificd maximum loaded weight for a combination (articulaicd) vehicle consisting of a tow vehicle and one or more towed units. 3.3.70.3° Gross Vehick Weight Rating (GVWR). The final- stage manufacturer's specified maximum load-carrying ca- pacity of'a single vehicle. 3.3.71 Wet Location (Related to Ambulances). A location on a nonecaclosed exterior surface of an ambulance body or driver and crew compariment or a nonshelicred location inside a compartment with a door or cover that, while open, exposes the enclosure or panclboard to the environment. Chapter 4 General Requirements 4.1 General. All ambulances shall comply with Chapters | through 9. 42° Responsibility of the Purchaser. 42.1 Itshall be the responsibility of the purchaser to. con- sider the amount of equipment and the number of personnd that will be cuuried on the ambulance and to specify a mini- mum usable payload that will accommodate this weight once the ambulance is placed in service. 422 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify any details of the ambulance that would exceed the minimum specifications of this standard. 4.3. Responsibility of the Contractor. 43.1 The contractor shall provide a detailed description of the ambulance, a list of equipment to be furnished, and other construction and performance details to which theambulance 4.5 Legal Requirements. The ambulance shall comply with the following: (1) Applicable federal regulatiot (2) State regulations as specified by the purchaser 4.6 Third-Party Certification of Test Results. Where this stan- dard requires the witnessing or performing of tests by an inde- pendent third-party organization, that organization shall meet the requirements of this section. 4.6.1 Testing shall be witnessed or performed by an organiza tion that is accredited for inspection of ambulances in accor dance with ISO/IEC 17020, Gener Criteria for the Operation of Various Types of Bodies Performing Inspection, or accredited for testing ambulances to this stamdard in accordance with ISO/IEC 17023, General Requirements for the Competence of Tasting and Calibration Laboratories 4.6.2 The certification organization shall not be owned or controlled by the final-stage ambulance manufacturer. 4.6.3 The certification ization shall witness all tests and shall refuse to certify any test results for a system if.all compo- nents of that system requiring testing do not pass the testing required by this stamdard_ 4.64 Conditional, temporary, or partial certification of test results shall mot be permitted. 4.6.5 Formsor data shects shall be provided and used during the testing. [1901:1.7.6] 4.6.6 Programsshall be in place for taining, proficiency test- ing, and performance verification of any stalf involed with certification. [1901:47.7] 4.6.7 Appeal Process. 4.6.7.1 The certification organization's operating proce- dures shall provide a mechanism for the manuficturer to ap-(16) Authorized signature 4.7 Manufacturer Certification of Test Results. Where this standard requires the results of tests or the performance of ‘component to be centified by the manufacuier, the manufac turershall meet the requirements of this section. [190121.8] 4.7.1 The ambulance manufacturer shall test each ambu- lance in accordance with the following: (1) AMD 005, Low Voltage Electsical System Test (2) AMD 010, Waser Leak Test (3) AMD 015, Ambulaner Main Medical Gas System Test (A) AMD 021, Aspiraor Sytem Test (5) AMD 025, Orrupant Head Cleerance Zones Tit (6) AMD 027, Line Vinge Betrcal Syems Tat 4.7.2 Avepresennative of the manufacturer shall witness all tests and shall refwse to certify any test results for a system unlessall components of that stem requiring testing pass the testing required by this standard, [1901:48.1] 4.7.3. Conditional, temporary, or partial cenification of test reaults shall not be permitted. 474 The manufacturer shall have the facilities andl oquip- ‘ment necessary to conduct the required testing. 2 program for the calibration of all instruments, and procedures to ensure the proper control of ll testing. (1901:4.83] 4:7.5 Forms or data sheets shall be provided and used during the testing. [1901:1.84] 47.6 Programs shall be in place for waining, proficiency tst- ing, and performance verilication of any personnel involved with centification. [1901285] 4.22.7 An ollicial of the company that manufacturesor installs the product shall designate in writing who is qualified to wit ness testsand cenify results, [1901:4.8.6] 47.8 Ceviification documcatation shall be delivered with the ambulance, including results of the cenification tests, 4.7.9 Certification tests performed on 2 substantially similar ambulance shall be valid for up to 7 years or until such time 2s the production product changesare so-significant that they no Jonger meet the definition of a substantially similar ambu- lance. 48 Personnel Protection. 4.8.1* Guards, shiclds, or other protection shall be provided where necessity in order to prevent injury of personnel by ‘hot, moving, or rotating pans during nonmaintenance opera: tions. [1901:4.9.1] D ere eaten 49 Controls and Instructions. 49.1 Mlumination shall be provided for controls, switches, sgiuges, and instruments necessary for the operation of the ambulance and the equipment on it. 4.9.2" All required signs, instruction plates, and labelsshall be permanent in nature, securely attached, and meet the require ments of 4.9.9.1 and ANSI/UL 969, Standard for Making and Labding Systems. 49.21 Thesigns, instruction plates, and labels shall be resis tant to damage from the following: (2) Fluids to which they will nomally be exposed (2) Tempcramres benveen ~30"°F (-35°C) and 176°F (80°C) (3) Ulwaviolet radiation 49.22 The exteriormounted labels relating tosafety or crit cal operational instructions shall be reflective or illuminated, 49.23 Controls and Switches. 4.9.2.3.1* Controls and switches that arc expected to be oper ated by the belted driver while the ambulance is in motion shall be sisible and within reach, 49232 Controls and switches that are expected to be oper- ated by the belted emergency medical service provider (EMSP) while the ambulance is in motion shall be visible and within reach of the designated primary patient care position. 49.24 Lever controls, equipment, items, anddevicesshall be installed, located, and stowed for the convenience of the pur pose intended and stall not interfere with the EMSP’s or the pationt's ingress into or egress from compartments, 49.25 Marking of switches, indicators, and control devices stall be percepuively and permanently identified with at least 12-point letters for the noun or fincion and &point lettcrs for the remainder of the legend 49.26 The idemifications shall be contrasting colors etched or engraved in plastic or metal or printed and laminated trans lucent plastic, grouped according to function, and mounted in illuminated or backlit panel(s) or the console. 4.10 Component Protection. 4.10.1 Hydraulic hose lines, air 9stem tubing, control cor and clectrical hamesses shall be mechanically attached to the frame or body structure of theambulance. 410.2 The wpes of equipment described in 4.10.1 shall be furnished with protective looms, grommets, or other devices at cach point where they pass through body panels or struc tural members or whereverthey lie against a sharp metal edge 4103 A through-theframe connector shall be permitted 10 be used in place of protective looms or grommets4,11 Ambulance Performance. 4.111% Where temperature requirements are mot otherwise specified, the ambulance shall be designed to function in am- bient temperature conditions between O'F (-18°C) te 10°F 43°C). 4.11.1.1 All imcrior stems, components, andl permanenly attached equipment shall function satisfactorily over a tem- perature range of 32°F 10 95°F (0°C 10 35°) 4,111.14 Compliance of the equipment function shall be validated by testing a substantially similar ambulance in accor- dance with AMD O11, Equipsment Temperature Test 411.112 The ambulance andall ystems, components and equipment shall be capable of being aoredatan ambient tem- perature bemeen 32°F and 95°F (0°C to 35°C) without damm age oF deterioration, 4.11.2 The ambulance shall be capable of being driven for at least 250 rmi (402 km) without refuel ng 4,113. The vehicle shall be capable of thrce fo water entering patient and equipment compartments while being driven through 2 minimum of Sin. (208 mm) of water, at specds of 3 mph (8 kin/br), fora distance of at least 100 ft (80m) 4.12 Road Performance. 4.121 When loaded w its grow whide weight rating (GVWR), the ambulance shall be capable of meeting the fol- lowing performance criteria om dry, paved roads that are in 00d condition: (1) From a standing start, the ambulance shall be able to at tain nape of hemp (0 m/e} within 9 ccm on (2) The ambulance shall be able to maintain 2 speed of at least 5 mph (Skm/br) on any grade up w % percent {s) Operiung mstrucions tor ihe chasas and any major ‘components (9) Inetmuctions regarding the frequency and procedure for ‘recommended maintenance (10) Overall ambulance operating instructions (UL) Safety considerations (19) Limitations of use (13) Inspection procedures (14) Recommended service procedures (15) Troubleshooting guide (16) Ambulance bod chassis, and other component mami Tacuirer’s warranties (17) Special data required by this standard (18) Safety data sheet (SDS) for any fluid that is specified for ‘use on the ambulance module 4.16.3 Certification and Payload Signage. 4.16.3.1° All ambulances shall have a centfication and pay- load label as shown in Figure 4163.1 Figure 4.1631 was revised by 2 tentative interim amendment (TIA). See page 1 4.16.32 The label shall be mounted on the body (module) interior in a conspicuous location 4.16.33 The calculation of the usable payload listed om the label shall also be provided with the ambulance. 4.17 Statement of Exceptions. The cntty esponsible for final assembly of the ambulance shall diver wih the ambulance a certification that the ambulance complieswith the requirements of this standard or, when exceptions to thisstan- dard are required by the purchaser, a statement of exceptions bbased on any exceptions to this standard that are required 1 ‘meet the specifications of the purchaser shall be listed and tached to the owner's manual 4.17.1. The statement of exceptions shall contain for cach ‘exception at the time of delivery a scparaic isting of the sec- tion(s) of the applicable standard for which an exception has occurred. 4.13.4 These components shall not be welded oF otherwise permanently secured in place. 4.14 Teason Delivery. 4.14.1 [acceptance teas are conducted at the point of deli ‘en; they shall mot be performed in a manner that requires the ambulance or a component to operate outside its designed ‘operating range. 4.14.2 Certification from OEM and individual equipment ‘man ufscurers are acceptable, provided they are not altered. 4.15* Documentation. 4.15.1 Any documentation delivered with the ambulance shall be permitted to be in printed format, electronic format, audiovisual format, or a combination thereof. 4.15.2° The ambulance manufacturer shall calculate the load distribution plan for the ambulance and deliver that load die tribution plan with the ambulance. 4.16 Data Required of Contractor. 4.16.1 Ambulance Documentation, The contractor shall de- liver with the ambulance at least one copy of the following documents: (1) The mamaficturer’s record of ambulance constuction ale including the following information {@) Owner’smame nd address (b) Ambulance manufacturer, model, and serial number (0) Chasis make, model, nd vebicl identification num ber VIN) (a) GAWRof front and rearaxlesand GUWR {e) Front resin and wal ted capacity pounds (ki logams) (0) Rear resize and total rated capacityin pounds (klo- sms) emapter > Cnassts 5.1 Caring Capacigy. SLL The manufacturer shall design the ambulance so that the completed ambulance, when loaded to its required gross schicle weight rating (GVWR) with all loose equipment die. Uwibuted to its intended inservice configuration, does not ex: ‘ced the GUWR oF gross asle weight rating (GAWR) of the ‘chassis using the method and values specified in Table 5.1.1 ‘Table 5.1 Required GVWR Calculation Gusis ‘Ambulance body complete Automotive aids Pomancatly mounted equipment Looe equipment (Cee one of these alues unless the required loose equipment is specified by the purchaser.) Type! 750 TypeLaD 150 ‘Typell 500 Type 750 TypeHFAD 150 Belted occupant cating positions (No.seats) x 171 Cor patient m1 Gor ‘Standardeot 100 Power cot 0 Spare capacity 0 Minimum GVWR required ForSt nis, 11D= 045kausas 1917-15 5A.2 The manufacturer shall establish the required GVWR during the design of the ambulance using the method and values specified in Table 5.1.1 5.1.3 Label. 5.1.3.1 The ambulanec manufacturer shall prenide a bigh= Visibility label ina location visible to the driver while seated. 5.1.3.2 The label shall show the heightof the completed am- bulance in fect and inches (meters) and the GVWR in tone and pounds (metric tons and kilograms) 5.2° Weight Distribution. 5.2.1 Longitudinal Weight Distribution. 5.2.1.1 When the ambulance is loaded wo its GYWR the frontie-rear weight distribution and vertical center of gravity shall be within the limite set bythe chasis manufacturer, 5.1.2 The front GAWR shall be not less than 90 percent of the GVWR. 5.213 The rear GAWR shall be not less than 50 percent of the GVWR. 5.2.2* Lateral Weight Distribution. The vchicle, when loaded 10 its GVWR, shall havea side-to-side tire load variation of no more than 5 percent of the total tircload for that axle, 5.23. The front axle loads shall notbe les than the minimum axle loads specified by the chassis manufacturer under full load and all other loading conditions. 5.24. \ehide and component ratings shall be the manufac- ‘urer’s published ratings and shall not be modified written authorization from the OEM 5.2.5 The manufacturer shall design the ambulance to com- plywith the GAWR, the overall GVWR, and the chassis manu- Facturer’s load balance guidelines. 5.3 Engine and Engine System Design. 5.31 Cold Start Performance Requirements. 3.1 The chassis engine shall stan.and run for 5 minutes without stalling at O°F (-18°C) without the use of extemal power or starting Muids and without the aid of engine block prebeating devices (except glow plugs or combustion air pre- heater). 5.3.2. Indicators shall be provided to alent the driver wo high engine temperature or low oil pressure conditions. 533. Ancngine hour meter shall be provided. 5A Engine Speed Auxiliary Control Device. 5.4.1* An engine speed auxiliary control device (highidle switch, throtie, or automatic voltage monitor) shall be in- stalled to allow an increase in the engine speed to no more than 1600 revolutions per minute when the ambulance is parked. 54.2 An interlock shall prevent the operation of the engine speed auniliary control device unless the parking brake isen- gaged and the transmission is in neutral or park or the park- ing brake is engaged and the engine is ¢isengaged from the drive wheels. 5.5 Cooling System. 5.5.1 The engine's cooling system shall maintain a tempers: ture at orbelow the engine manufieturer’s maximum coolant temperature. 5.6 Exhaust System. 5.6.1 The exhaust piping and discarge outlet shall be lo ‘cated or shielded so as not to expose any portion of the ambu- lance or equipment to excessive heating. 5.6.2 Where parts of the exhaust qystem are exposed so that they are likely to cause injury to operating personnel, protec tive guards shall be provided. 5.6.3 The tailpipe outlet shall not terminate within 12 in. (300 mm) of the vertical axis of the fuel fill opening, medical fas storage, oF patient entry doors where these features are located on the same side of the vehicle 5.7 Braking System. 5.7.1 All brakes shall be accessible for inspection, 5.7.2 Where airactunted braking gstems are provided, they shall include the following: (2) Am automatic moisture Gector (2) Anair dryer (3) Apressure protection valve to preventall airoperated ac- ‘cesorics from drawing air from the air brakesystem when the air system's pressure dropsbelow a pressure setting 10 lower than 80 psi (550 kPa) 5.7.3* Any time a eecondary braking device such as wansmic- sion retaders or exhaust restriction devices are used, they shall have a switch to um them off during adverse road con- 5.8 Suspension. 5.8.1° With the exeeption of the OEM's furnished and installed ‘components, the ambulance ssall prenide mot less than the fol lowing dearance, measured in accordance with SAE. J689, Cusi- sane Cearanee, Aphwach, Departue, and Ramp Barakaoe ages (1) Approach angle of 10 degrees (2) Ramp breakoxer of 10 degrees (3) Departure angle of 10 degrees 5.8.2° A traction control feature shall be provided. 5.8.3 Shock absorbers shall be fummished on the front and rearasles. 584 Any ambulance with am airride suspemion shall in- dude an air dryer and automatic heated moisture «jection device to ensure that the air system is provided with dy air to Protect the suspension control components, 5.9 Wheels and Tires. 5.9.1 Hub caps or whed covers shall be removable without looscning the lug nutsso that wheels can be observed for daily inspection. 5.9.2 Tiresshall be matched to vehicle performance in terms of wacion, loadcarying ability, rolling diameter, and specd rating. re eaton1917-16 AUTOMOTIVE AMBULANCES 5.9.3 Mud Flaps. 5.93.1 Mud flaps, at least.as wie as the tre(s), shall be pro- Vided behind the front and rear wheels and shall be win- forced at the point of attachment to the whide. 5.93.2 Mud flaps shall be permitted to be incorporated into the running beards. 5.94. Bodies designed with wheel openings shall have the rear ‘wheels centered, within 29in. (259 mm) of those openings 5.9.50 Each tire shall be equipped with a visual indicator o ‘monitoring system that indicates tire pressure. 5.10 Vehicle Stability. Ifthe ambulance is equipped with = ability control system, the system shall have a stecring wheel position sensor, a vehicle yaw sensor, a lateral accelerometer, and individual wheel brake controls. 5.1 Bumpers. S.IL.L* A front bumper shall be furnished in the front of the chassis that is atleast the equivalent ofthe chasds manufactur en's OFM bumper, BAL The rear of the ambulance shall be furnished with = bumper that extends to within 6 im, (152 mm) of each side of theambulanee, SALA The rear bumper shall be secured to the vehicle's chassis frame. SAL22 The rearbumper of Typel and Type Hl whicles shall be provided with an integrated step. 5.AL23. The step shall be designed to prevent the accurmul tion of mud, ice, orsnow and shall be mate of antiskid open grating material SALZ4_ The step shall not be located or exposed to the inte rior ofthe ambulance when the door (s) is losed. 5AL25 The sicp shall be at least the width of the door open- ing for which itis provided. 5.112.6. The stepping surface shall have aminimum depth of 3 in. (197 mm) and a maximum depth of 10 in, (254 mm). $12.7 Mthe step protnides more than 7in, (178 mm) from the rear of the wehicle, 2 fold-up step shall be furnished. 5.1L2.8* Stepping Surface. S.IL281 Therear stepping surface shall withstand aload of 0b (227 kg) with no more than 1.0 in, (23.4 mm) of delec- tion oF 035 in, (6 mm} of permanent deformation 5.1282 Compliance of the rear step surface shall be vali- dated by testing a substantially similarambulance or bumper and step structure in accordance with Scetion AMD O18, fear Steping Surface Load Tes 5.1283 Thedistance from the rad surface to the wop su face ofthe first step shall not exceed 39 in. (559 mm) with the vehicle loaded to its CMWR and/or the sspension in the Kneding condiion. $11,284. Steps hall be provided in the door openings $285 Sep wells shall beilluminated. 5.286 Step surfaces shall be constructed with anti-tip m= terial DD core canon BALQR7° All steps shall have a minimum arca of 35 in” (2.580 mm*) and shall be of such a shape that 2 5 in (125 mm) diameter disk does mot overlap any side when placed on the step. AZ Cab Seal. SAZA If the eaband the patient compartment are separate ‘enclosures, the cab shall be provided with a sealing device SAZZ_ The seal shall be fabricated from a material resistant to ‘ozone, sunlight, oil, and fungus. S23. The seal shall remain flexible im temperatures be meen -20°F and 110°F (-20'Cand 43°C), RAZA The seal shallbe designed for proper fitand finish and be able to absorb Lateral, vertical, and torsional displacement due to body /cab movement. KAS PromtSeats. SASL Front cab seating for the driver and at least one pat- senger shall be provided. IS2 The driver's seat shall have the OEM's full, unob- stuctedseat track travel range of longitudinal adj usumentand a minimum of 30 percent of the range of inclination, but not less than the angle furnished om 's standard nonre clininghigh back seat 514° Mirrors. MLL Dual side view mirrors having a combination flat and ‘convex mirror system shall be furnished. S142 All primary side view mirrors used by the driver shall be adjustable from the drixer’s position. 13 Hardware and mirror heads shall have a corrasion resistant exterior finish. 5.15 Cab Integrity. Cabs on ambulances with a GVWR greater than 26,000 Ib (11,800 kg) shall meet the requirements of SAE P420, COE Frontal Siength Evaluation — Dynamic Loading ‘Heavy Trucks, and SAE |9499, Cab Roof Siength Evahvation — Quasi Stic Loating Hey Trucks Chapter 6 Patient Compartment 61 Patient Compartment Configuration. The paticnt com partment shall provide a minimum of 275 f° (7.7 m') of ‘space, less volume for cabinets, while complying with 6.1-2and a3. GLI Selfcontained breathing apparatus (SCBA) mounts shall not be located in the patient compartment. G12 A minimum of 10 in. (254 mm) shall be provided from the nearest cdge of the cot mattress to the loading do.or(s). 6.3" The companment shall provide a clear aisle walkway on at leastane side of the patient cot. G2 Mounting. If the bodyis of modular construction, itshall be mounted per the allowed and /or recommended methods ‘of the chassis manufacturer. 6.3 Structural Integrity — Roof Loading. G31 Any Type I or Type LAD ambulance body shall with- ‘stand a force equal to- 2.5 times the curb weight of the vehicle applied to the roof of thevehicle's body structure, validated byPATIENT COMPARTMENT 1917-17 testing a substantially similar ambulance in accomlance with AMD O01, Ambulance Body Structure Text 63.2 Any Type Il ambulance body shall withstand a force cequalto 15 times the curb weight of the vehicle applied to the roof ofthe vehicle's body structure, validated by testing a sub- standally similar ambulance in accordance with AMD 001, Ase lance Body Structuse Test. 63.3. Any Type Ill or Type HILAD ambulance body shall with- standa force equal to 2.5 times the curb weight of the vehicle applied tothe roof of the vehide’s body structure, validated by testing a substantially similar ambulance in accordance with AMD O01, Ambulance Body Structure Test 63.4 The downward vertical movement at any point on the roof application plate chall not exceed 5.12 in. (130 mm). 6.3.5 Each exterior egress door of the whicle shall be capable of opening and closing during the full application of the force and alter release of the force. 63.6. Nostructural damageto any load bearing or supporting members (c.g, tom or broken material, broken welds, popped or sheared body rivets, bolts, and /or fasteners) shall bbe evident during the application of the force and after the release of the force. 6.4 Body Structural Integrity — Side Loading. 64.1 Any Type Lor Type FAD ambulance body shall with- standa force equal to 2.5 times the curb weight of the vehicle applied to cither the driver or passenger side of the wchicle’s body structure, validated by testing a substantially similar am- bulance in accordance with AMD O01, Ambulance Body Structure Test, 64.2 Any Type Ill or Type HI-AD ambulance body shall with- stand a force equal to 9.5 times the curb weight of the vehicle applied to cither the driver or passenger side of the wchicle’s body strucure, validated by testing a substantially similar am- Ibulance in accordance with AMD OO1, Ambulance Body Structure Test, 643. Fach exterior egress door of the vehicle shall be ca ppable of being opened and closed during the full application of the fore and after release of the force. 6.5 Body Sealing. 6.5.1 Sealing Out Water. 6.5.1.1 There shall be no water leakage into the cab, any exicrior comparunent, or the patient compartment 6.5.1.2 Compliance of the body sealing out water shall be Validated by the manufsewrer by testing each finished ambu- lance in accordance with AMD 010, Water Leak Test 6.5.2 Sealing Out Exhaust Gas. 6.5.2.1 The body shall be sealed and vented so that the inte rior carbon monoxide level docs not exceed 13 ppm of carbon monoxide (CO) 6.52.2 The paticnt compartment shall include a listed OO detector in accordance with ANSI/UL 20H, Standard fr Safes Singfeand Multiple Station Carbon Monacide Alarms. 6.6 Wheel Housings. 6.6.1 Wheel housingsof mod ular bodies shall inclu splash shields between the body wheel housing and the wheels, ex tending over the top of the tires tothe bottom of the body side skirting. 66.2 Wheel housing openings shallallow for tire chain usage and easy tire removal and serice and conform to SAE J685, Tire Chain Clearance — Trucks, Buses (Exrept Suburi, Intercity, ‘and Transit Buses), and Combinations of Vehicles. 6.6.3 The OFM’s standard wheel housings on Type Il ambu- lances shall be acceptable. 6.7 Patient Compartment to Cab Partition. 67.1 Abulihead partition shall be provided between the cab and the paticnt compartment, 6.7.2 The pantition(s) shall be located behind the driver's seal and the cab pasenger seat when in the rearmost position and the seat back is eclined a minimum of L5 degrees 67.3. The panttion shall extend from the floor tothe ceiling: 6.7.4 The partition shall be wide enough to cover the width of cach cab seat excluding arm rests. 6.7.58 The cab and body bulkheads shall have an aligned wine dow opening of atleast 150 in # (06,780 mm?) or other means of viual and hands-free audio communication 6.7.6 Ifso equipped, a window in the eab or body shall be of the sliding type, aligned, and connected with the modular body window opening. 6.2.7 The window shall be a transparent, shatterproof panel, which is laichable from the cab side. 6.8 Access Handrails or Handholds. 6.8.1° Imerior or exterior access handrails or handholds shall be provided at cach entrance toa driing or crew compart ment and at each position where steps or Ladders for climbing. are located. 68.2 An overhead handrail shall be provided on the ceiling ‘ofthe patient compartment - 683 Exterior acces: handrails shall be between | in. and sin. (25 mmand 42 mm) indiameter and have a minimum dlearance between the handrails and any surface of at least 2in. 30mm), 6840 All exterior and interior access handrails shall be de- signedand mounted to reduce the pessibility of handslippage and to avoid smagging of equipment or clothing. 685 Acces: handrails applied by the chassis manufacturer ‘oma commercial chassis shall he permitted to be used to meet the requirements ofthis section. 6.56 Handkail Testing. 6.86.1 Handrails shall withstand a force of 300 Ib (136 kg) applied in any direction without detaching, loosening, oF per rmncntly deforming. 686.2 Compliance of the handrail shall be validated by text ing a substantially similar ambulance oF body structure in ac- cordance with AMD 008, Handi Static Load Test. 6.9 Patient Compartment Entry Doors. 69.1 The paticnt compartment shall be equipped with at least one primary access door opening with minimum dimen- sions of 44 in_ (1117 mm) wide by 46 in. (1168 mm) high are caice191718 AUTOMOTIVE AMBULANCES 6.9.2 Door handles shall be designed and installed to prowect againstaccidental or inadvertent opening. 6.9.3 Entry doors and door openings shall be designed w ‘minimize inadvertent snagging of apparel 6.9.4 Door latches, hinges, and hardware furnished by OEMs and finalstage ambulance manufacturers (FSAMSs) shall meet the performance requirements of 49 CFR 571, FMVSS 206, 6.9.5 When doors arc open, the hinges and latches shall not prowude into the access area. 6.96 Doors shall be equipped with a boldopen device. 6.9.7 One externally operated lock for each door opening shall be provided. 6.9.8° Aninternal lock on cach paticnt compartment primary entry door shall be prenided. 6.9.9 All patient companment entry door locks shall be iden- tically keyed 6.9.10 Patient loading doors shall be equipped with not less than 250 in? (161,300 mm") af safety glass area per door. 6.9.11 Doors shall be designed to prevent leakage of exhaust fumes, dust, water, and airinte the patient compartment, 6.10 Means of Egress. 6.10.1 Any interior area to be occupied by personnel shall have a minimum of two means of egress, 6.10.2 Pach means ofegress opening shall be a minimum of 30 in, (752 mm) by 46 in. (1168 mm) 6.10.8 Secondary egres doors shall not be blocked by patient compartment structures that would prevent the unloading of a patient om a backboard, 6.104 The egress doors shall have a secondary emergency release mechanism, G1L822 The four reading in cach direction shall be ayer. aged and reportedasthe slip resistance for the materialin that ‘orientation. G12 Exterior Storage. 612.1 Alleuicriorcompartment doorsshall have latches with locks that hold the door in 2 closed position. 612.2 All hinged doors wider than I in, (356 mm) and ex- luding battery compartments shall have positive holdopen devices that permit one-hand dosure. 6123 Hardware shall be rust resistant 6124 All primary exterior compartment doors shall have Latches with locks. 6.125. The interior ofall exerior comparuments greater than 4f¢° (0.11 m’) shall be automatically illuminated when a door is opened and meet the requirements of 7.11.7.1. 6.12.6 Al surfaces shall be nonabsorbent. 6.13 Floor 13.1% The patient compartment floor shall be flat, except where the area near the rear entrance door is sloped for a lower emicring height. 613.2 With the exception of cot retention hardware, the floor shall be free of obstructions in the door(s) access and workarea. 6133. The floor shall be designed to eliminate voids or pock- ats where water or moisture can become tripped. &134. The sublloor construction shall cover the full lengih and width of the patient compartment. 15.5 If plywood isused in the subfloor, itshall be marine or ‘exterior grade. 6.11 Exterior Stepping Surfaces and Interior Ste 6.13.6 _If the ambulance has 2 modular body, the subfloor 6.11.1 All materials used for exterior surfaces designated as stepping, sunding, and walking areas and all imenor steps shall havea minimum slip resistance in amy orien tation of 0.68 when tested wet using the English XL tester in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions oF 0.52 when tested wet using the Brungraber Mark Il tester in accordance with the manuficuree’s instructions. 6.11.2 Astandard Neolite® test sensor shall be used with both the English XL tester and the Brungraber Mark HI tester. 6.11.3 Sampling Strategy. 6.1.3.1 For uniformly patterned materials, at Least 16 read ings-shall be taken on cach sample. 6.11L.3.1.1 Each reading shall be taken 0 degrees dockwise from the previous orientation, resulting in at least four reac ings in each orientation, 6.13.12. The readings shall be averaged and reponed 2s the slip resistance for the material 6.1132 For directionally pawemed muerials, at least 32 readings shall be taken on each sample. 6.11324 Bach reading shall be when 45 degrees dlockwise from the previous orientation, resulting in at least four read ings in each orientation, DD aore eaten ‘hall be designed to prevent water penetration, 6.13.7 Body Floor Structural Integrity. 6137.1 If the subfloor is constructed of plywood, the ply- ‘wood shall have am American Plywood Asociation (APA) floor rating of 16 in. (405 mm) on center or better. 6.15.7.2. Ifthe subfloor isconstructed of other than plywood, ia shall betested using a | in, (25 mum) disk and have a mani- mum of 0.135 in. (3 mm) deflection at 200 Tb (91 kg) force and 2 minimum wlimate load of 400 Ib (181 kg) for 2 16 in, (406 mm) on center load. 6137.21 The maximum floor structure spacing shall be used for testing. 6137.22 Compliance of the floor strucuiral integrity shall bbe validated by testing the midpoint of the longest unsup- ported section of a substantially similar ambulance or floor ‘Structure in accordance with the concentrated static Loud test procedure im ASTM E661, Sendard Test Method for Performance of Wout and Wind-Based Foor and Roof Sheathing Under Concen- tried Static and Impact Loads. 6187.2.2.1 If panel joints occur at the maximum span loce tion, they shall be present in the test sample as a worst-casePATIENT COMPARTMENT 1917-19 6.13.73 Adravingof the floor structure and fastening sched- ule of the subfloor material to the structure shall be required im the certification report. 6.14 Floor Covering. 6.14.1 Floor covering shall be nonpermeable and seamless. 6.14.2 The floor covering shall cover the entire length and width of the compartment s exposed floor. 6.143. Joints where the floor covering meets the sidewalls shall be sealed and bordered with cormosion-resistant cove molding, or the floor covering shall exicnd at Ieast 3 in (36 mm) up the sidewalls. 6.15 Insulation. 6.15.1 Where the patient compariment is insulated, it shall be insulated with a nonseuling type, verminproof, mildew- proof, nontoxic, and nonby ‘material that mects the Tequirements of 41 CFR 571, FMVSS 302 6.15.2 If fiberglass insulation is used, it shall be protecied from exposure to water 6.16* Interior Storage. 6.16.1 The interior of the paticnt compartment shall provide enclosed storage space. 6.16.2 Companment(s) under the floor that have opening panel(s) inside the patient comparunent shall not be accept able. 6.16.3. Where furnished, top-opening squad bench lids shall be fitted with an automatic holdopen device and 2 quick- release slam-type latching device when closed. 6.164 Sorage compartment door handles, where provided, shall not protrude more than | in. (25 mm) iflocated 14 in (356 mm) or higher above the floor and shall not protrude more than Yin, (51 mm) iflocated lower than Hin. (356mm) ‘or higherabove the floox 6.16.5 Dooreshall be designed to remain coved during trans por. 6.16.6 Storage compartments shall be fastened to the body strucwre, 6.16.7 The securing mechanicm of those interior storage cabinets and drawers, if provided, shall be capable of being accessed under the same Teach condition, 6.168 Each patient comparment cabinet shall be perma rnontly labeled with its maximum load capacity 6.169 Fach enclosed compartment shall be capable of con- taining the coments when a 10 g force is applied in the longi- tudinal, lateral, or vertical axis of the vehicle. 6.17 Interior Surfaces. 6.17.4 The interior of the body shall be frce of all sharp pro- jections and sharp comers, 6.17:2° The finish of the entire patient compartment and ex- terior storage, including interiors of storage cabinets, shall be as follows, (2) Impervious to soap, water, body fluids, and disinfectants, (2) Mildew resistant (3) Fire resistant in compliance with £ CFR 571, FMYSS 32 (4) Able tw be cleaned and disinfected 6.173 Countertop borizontal surface shall be scamless and impervious to-contaminants. I7A All edges that meet vertical cabinets shall be scaled. 17.5 Countertop horizontal surfaces shall be surrounded bya lipof not less than 4% in. (12 mm) in height. 18 Equipment Mounting. 18.1 Medical Supplies and Equipment Storage Mounting. Supplies, devices, tools, and other equipment shall be stored in enelosed compartments oF fastened to secure them during, ‘vehicle motion. 6.18.2 Equipment weighing 1b (1.36 kg) or more stored in a driving or patient companment shall be mounted or con- tained in an enclosed compartment. 18.2.1 Equipment mounts or retention devices shall meet the performance requirementsof SAF J3043, Ambulance Eui pe ment Mounts 18.3 Built-in communication deviecs installed im the pa- tient compartment shall be within reach of EMSPs while ‘seated and rearained in the designated primary patient care ‘seat 6.19 Waste and Sharps Disposal. A receptacle for general ‘waste and an OSHA-compliant container for sharps disposal shall be provided in the patient compartment. 6.19.1 Containers for contaminated sharps shall be within reach of EMSPs while remaining seated and restrained in the designated primary patient care seat 6.20 Holder for Intravenous Fluid Containers. 6.20.1 Onc mounted derice specifically designed for holding and securing an IV Quid container against arcidental release ‘during normal transport activity shall be provided. 6.20.2 The device shall mot protrude more than 1.0 in. (25 mm) in the closed pasition. 6.21 Patient Compartment Seats. 6.21.1 Seat Integrity. Any seat mounted in a patient compan ment shall meet the performance requirements specified in SAE J3026, Ambulenee Patient Compartment Seating Iniqgrity and ‘Occupant Restraint 6.21.2 All scating in the patient compartment shall conform toall applicable 49 CFR 571, FMVSS requirements. 6.21.3° Occupant Crash Protection. 6.213.1¢ Fach designated seating position shall be provided with occupant crash protection. 6.2132 Inthe occupant crash protection isa seat belt system, the seat belt shall comply with 621.3.3.1 and 621.3.3.12. 6.2133 Ambulances abowe 19,500 1b (8845 kg) GVWR shall provide scat belis in accordance with 6213.31 and 62133.12intheeab. 6.2133.1 Theelfective ceat belt web length for a Type 1 lap belt for pelvic restraint shall be a minimum of 60 in. (1525 mm) with the seat adjusted all the way back and down when measured using the following procedure: (1) Locate am imaginary line where the plane of the center of the seatback surface intersects the plane of the center of | the seateushion surface (line 1in Figure 6.21 3.3.1). core eaten BD1917-20 AUTOMOTIVE AMBULANCES (2) Locate poimt Aon line 1 at the outside of the seat on the retractor side of the seat (3) Locate point Gon line | at the outside of the seat on the bucHle side of the seat. (4) Locate point D at the tip of the buckle. (5) Pullthe seat belt web bing entirely out of the retractor and measure along the webbing bemscen point A and the seat belt latch plate (tongue). Record this length 2c AD. (6) Measure from point Co point D, and record this length asCD. (7) The effective seat belt web length equals AD + €D. pr Unes Uees FIGURE 6.21.33.1 Dimension Lines for Measuring Seat Belt Effective Length. 6.21.33.1.1 Elfective seat belt web length fora single reac tor Type 2 seat belt shall be measured accondiiig to the follow. ing procedure: (1) Locate an imaginary line where the plane of the center of the scat back surfice intersects the plane of the center of the seat cushion surface (line I in Figure 6.21.33.1), (2) Locate animaginary ine parallel with ine | and lying on the center of the seat back surface 20 in, (74) mm) rom line 1 (line 2in Figure 6213.81) (3) Locate point A.on Tine 1 at the outside of the scat on the retractor side of the seat (4) Locate point B on line 2 at the shoulder strap edge of the seatback, (5) Locate point Gon line 1 at the outside of the seat om the buckle side of the seat. (6) Locate point Dat the tip of the buckle. (7) Pull the seat belt webbing entirely out of the retractor, and measure along the webbing between points A and B. Record this length as AB. (8) Measure from point C to point D, and record this length asCD. (9) The effective lap belt web length oquals AB + 2CD. 621.3312 Effective seat bet weblengih for adual rewactor ‘Type 2 scat belt shall be measured acconding to the following procedure: D cots caren (0) Locate an imaginary Tine where the plane of the center ‘ofthescat back surface! mersecs the plancof the conler ‘ofthe scat cushion surface (ar line {in Figum 6,21.3.3.1. (2) Locate pesntA om line 1 atthe outide ofthe scaton the retractor side of the seat (8) Locate point Coa line I at the outside of theseat on the receiver side of the (4) Eee point D atthe tip ofthe buckle. (5) Pall ahe lap bk webbing ere cut ofthe lap bel setae tor, and manure slong the webbing betwecm point A and the seat belt ach plate (tongue). Record this lengua AD. (6) Ubeaeantinagngy int poll wine Land ng on thecenter af the seat back surface 29 in (TAO mon} from line I (ine? in Figure 6:21:33.) (7) Locate point Bonline2at the shoulder strap edge of the scat back. (8) Pall the shoulder beh webbing entirely out of theshoul der belt retractor, and measure along the webbing be tween point B and the wat belt latch plate (Longue) Record thislengih 2: BD (9) Mesure from point CtopointD, and record thislength a. (10) The eifectve ap eh web length equals AD + CD. U1) The cifecive shoulder beltweb Leng eqns BD + CD. G235.2 A Type 2 cat bl shall have either single reuse tor or dial retrcions 258.21 Asingle minicior Type 2 pelvic and upper torso restraintaiyle seat belt sembly shall ave a minimum eee lve ceat belt web length of 110 in. (2800 mm) with the seat aipstedal the way backand down and.as measured in accor dence wih621331.1 6235.22 Adual reuactor Type 2 pelvic and upper torso restaiataigle seat belt scemblychall have a minimum elec: fire shoulder belt web Length of 50m. (1270 mm and tink tum elfocive lap bel web length of 60 in. (1550 tan) with the scat all the vay back and down and ax measured in s213312 621.3583" In the case ofa Type? seat belt, the distance from the buctle anchgraey (coin E in, Frure 6213.8.) to the tuclletip (pointD in Figure 6.213.53) shall benomorcthan ‘in, (108 en) longer than the perpendlcilar distance fom the buckle anchorage lteral ans through the H-pointof the Ain imax) FIGURE 6.21333 Dimension Lines for Measuring Buckle Length. (1901:Figure 141.3.23]PATIENT COMPARTMENT 1917-21 seat (line $in Figure 6.21.3.33) when the seat is adjusted to its lowest and most rearward position. 6.21.34 Signs that read “Occupants Must Be Seated and Belted When Ambulance Is in Motion” shall be visible from cach seaied position. 6.21.4 Seated Head Clearance. 6.21.4.1 The minimum scattocciling dimension from the top surface of the seat bottom cushion to the nearest overhead obstruction for each designated seating position shall be 8 in. (1092 mm). 6.21.42 The measurement shall be in accordance with AMD (85, Occupant Head Clearance Zones Test. 6.21.5 Seat Adjustment. Where independent horizontal seat adjustment is provided, it shall be fully adjustable within 10 seconds. 6.21.6 Seating Position Width. Each designated seating space shall have a minimum width of 24 in. (610 mm) measured from the seat surface to 43 in. (1092 mm) above the seating surface. 6.21.7 Seat Size. 6.21.7.1 The seat bottom cushion bright shall bea maximum of 21in. (533 mm) measured from the floor. 6.21.7.2. Scat bottom cushions shall be a (460 mm) in width. 6.21.7.3* Scat bottom cushions shall be between 15 in, (380mm) and 19in. (483mm) from the front of the cushion to the face of the seat back. 6.21.7.4* Each seat shall provide back and head suppon. 6.21.7.5 For amy scat not covered by #) CFR 571, FMVSS 202, the top of the seat back or head rest shall be 2 minimum of 10 in. (254 mm) in width. 6.21.8 Access to Patient. um of 18 in 6.221.8.1 [the primary patient care scat is at the patient torso position, it shall be capable of being adjusted such that the seat bottom cushion is within 6 in. (152 mm) of the patient cob 6.1.8.2 If the primary patient care position is at the patient torso position, the forcali position of the scat shall bc capable of lining up within 6 in. (152 mm) of the midpoint between the head end of the cot and the backrest hinge. 6.21.83 the primary patient care seatis at the patient head pasition, it shall be capable of being adjusted such that the nearest edge of the seat bowom cushion is within 6 in (152mm) of the nearest edge of the patient cot. 6.21.84. Ifthe designated primary patiemt care seat is at the patient head position, the longitudinal centerline of the scat shall line up within 11 in, (280 mm) of the longitudinal cen- terline of the cot. 6.21.9 Child Seating Restraints. 6219.1 Any seat with a built-in system for wansporting a child or an infant shall be designed for operation in a forward- facing or rear-facing direction during transport. 6.21.9.2 If the ambulance isdesigned to wanspon infants in a seat, the ambulance shall indude an infant resraint seat or ‘have provisions to accommodate an infant car seat. 6.21.9.3 Ifthe ambulance is designed to wanspor childrenin a seat, it shall include a child restraint seat or have provisions to. accommodate a child car seat. 6.21.10 Seatbelt Waring System. 62 An occupant restraint warning system shall be pro- vided for cach designated seating position in the patient com- partment. 6.21.10.2. The warming system shall indicate if'an occupant in the patient compartments not belted or restrained 6.21.10.3 The warning system shall consist of an audible and visual warning device that can be heard and seen by the driver and seen by the occupants of the patient compartment. 6.21.10.3.1 The audible portion of the warning system shall comply at a minimum with 49 CFR.571, FMVSS 208, 621.104 The waming shall be activated when the parking brake is released and the transmission is not in neutral or park. 6.21.10.5 The warning system shall not show an affirmative indication unless it has determined that the scat was occupied before the seat belt or restraint was buckled. 6.22 Patient Cot Retention. 6.22.1 Patient cots shall meet the performance requirements ‘of SAE J3027, Ambulance Litter Integrity, Retention, and Patient Restraint. 6.22.2 The installed cot fastener device(s) for wheeled cats shall meet the performance requirements af SAE [3027, Ambu- lance Litter Intagrity, Retention, and Patient Restraint 6.223 A cot fstencr assembly with a quick-release latch shall be furnished. 6.22.4 The cot fastencr shall be installed according to the cot fastener manufacturer's directions. 6.22.5 The floor substructure shall be tested in accordance AMD 004, Litter Retention System Tesi. 6.22.6 Cot and infant wansporters shall only be used with the required fastener assembly and occupant restraint systems as prescribed by the litter/ transporter manufacturer. 6.23* HVAC. Connecting hoses for the heating and air conditioning system stall be supported by rubberinsulated metal clamping devices at least every 18 in. (457 mm) 6.23.1 Heating. 6.23.11 A heating system shall be provided that is capable of raising the interior temperature from 32°F to 68°F (0°C to 20°C) within 30 minutes, 6.23.12 Compliance of the heating system shall be validated by testing a substantially similar ambulance in accordance with AMD O12, Inderior Climate Control Test 6.23.2 Air Conditioning. 6.23.2.1 An airconditioning system shall be pravided thatis capable of lowering the interior temperature from 95°F i TSF (35°C w 95°C) at a minimum of 40 percent relative hu- midity within 30 minutes. 6.23.2.2 Compliance of the airconditioning system shall be validated by testing a substantially similar ambulance in accor- dance with AMD 012, /nterior Climate Control Test wie eaten1917-22 AUTOMOTIVE AMBULANCES 6.233 Ventilation. 6.28.3.1 A patient care compartmentair exhaust fan shall be provided, 6233.2. Ventilation shall be separately controlled within the caband the patient compariment. 6.2333 Fresh air intakes shall be provided and shall not be located near the engine exhaust outlet. 6.24 Interior Noise. 6.24.1 The interior sound level in the patient compartment shall not exceed 80 decibels. 6.242 Compliance of the patient companment interior sound level stall be validated by testing a substandally similar ambulance in acconlance with AMD 006, Patient Compartment Sound Level Test. 6.25° Reflective Suiping. 6.25.12 A revorcfleciive stripe, 2 combination of reuroreflee- tive stripes, or Battenburg markings shall be allixed to the ambulance in the following proportions: (1) % percent of the length off cach of the cab side surfaces when approached from cach side (2) 7% percent of the patient comparument side surfaces when approached from cach side 6.252 The stripe or combination of stipes shall bea mini ‘mum of 6 in. (159 mm) in worl vertical widdh. 6.253 TheGin. (159 mm) wide suipe or combination of axipes shall be permied wo be iniemuptedby objets (eq. receptacles, cracks between dts in rollup doors), prenided Use fal spe i conspicuous asthe ambulance is approached. 6.254. Arcuorcflectve graphic design shall be permitted wo replace al or part of the required striping material om the front and sides of the vebicle if the design or combination thereof covers at least the sume surface arca as required by 625.1 6.25.5 Any vertically hinged door shall have at least 60 (38,710 mm!) of reworelective material affixed to the inside othe door. 6.25.6° Atleast 50 percentof the rear-facing venical surfaces other than glass and lenses, visble when facing from the ear ofthe ambulance, shall be equipped with retoreflective mate al 6.5.6.1 Where chevronsare used, each stripe in the chevron shall be a single color alternating betwoen two high-contrast colors. 6.5.6.2. Fach stripe shall be 6 im. (152 mmm) in width, 6.25.63 Where Battenburg markings are used, cach box in the Battenburg markings shall be 144 in.* (92,903 mm) 6.25.7 Allreworeflecve material shall eonform w the require. ‘ments of ASTM D1956, Standanl Specficatio for Retmflectoe het. ing for Tac Cont Section 6.1.1, for Type I Sheeting. 6.25.8 All etroreflective materials thatare colors not listed in ASTM D4956, Standard Specification for Retroreective Sheet- ing for Traffic Control, Section 6.1.1, shall have 2 minimum cocflicient of retroreflection of 10 with an observation angle of 0.2 degrees and an entrance angle of 4 degrees. D are ea10n 6.25.9. Any printed orprocessed retrorcflective film construc: tion shall conform to the standards required of an integral colored film as specified in ASTM D4956, Standard Specification for Retrarefetive Shectng far Traffic Contnl, Section 6.1.1 6.25 Metal Finish. Where dissimilar metals that pose a gal ‘sanic corrosion or reactive threat are to be mounted togetier, the mounting base matcrial shall have an isolation barrier prior to assembly to prevent dissimilar metal reaction. 6.27 Painting, 6.27.1 All exposed ferrous metal surfaces that are not plated ‘oF stainless stcel shall be cleaned, prepared, and painted or coud. G22 The paint or coating, including any primer, shall be applicd in accordance with the paint oF coating manuficusr cr's recommendation. 6.28 Medical Gas — Main Supply and Installation, 628.1 Theambulance shall have a piped medical gas system ‘capable of supplying a minimum of 793 gal (300 L) of medi- alga, 622 Ma compressed gas cylinder is used, 2 cylinder. ‘changing wrench shall be sccured within the medical gas stor- age compartment. 6.28.3" All medical gas system controls shall be accessible from inside the vehicle. 6284 A medical gae-capacity indicator shall be visible from the designated primary pationt care seating position, 62.5. The medical gas outlet shall be accesible from the designated primary patient care seating pexition, 6.23.6 The purchaser shall specify the quantity and location of medical gas outlets 6.28.7 Medical gas system shall include the following: (2) Apresure regular (2) Low pressure, dectrically conductive hose and finingsap- proved for medical gas (8) Medical gas piping that is concealed and not exposed 10 the elements, securely supported to prevent damage, and be readily accessible for inspection and replacement (4) Medical gas that is piped wo a se-scaling medical gas out. letwith2 minimums flow rte of 964 gpm (1001/min) at the outlet ©) Ouilet(s) that is marked and identified and does not in- terfere with the suction outlet 628.8 Medical gas and suction ports shall be within reach of EMSPs while remaining seated and restrained in the desig- sated primary patient care position, 628.9 Medical Gas Pressure Regulator. 6289.1 The medical gus presure reducing and regulating salve sjstem shall be provided with the following features (1) An inlet filter at the tinder (2) Aline relief valve set 2t 200 pai (1380KPa) maximum ) Agauge or digital monitor with a minimum range of Opsi 10 2500 pai (0 kPa to 17,237 KPs) graduated in not more than 100 pi (690 kPs) increments (® Alocking adjustment preset at 50 psi = 2 psi (345 KPa = M4 KPa) line pressureLOW VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND WARNING DEVICES 6.28.9.2 ‘The regulator shall meet the performance required ‘by 6.29.3 at an inlet pressure range from 150 pri to 2500 pri (1054 kPa wo 17,257 KPa) 6.28.93 With the regulator set at 30 psi =2 pai (345 kPa 2 14 kPa), 2.96.4 gpm (100 L/min) minimum Dow rate shall bbe available at all medical gas outlets, 6.28.10 Medical Gas Tank Storage. 628.101 Storage forthe main medical gas cylinder shall be accesible for replacement from an outside postion. 628.102 The medical gas compartment shall be provided with atleast 9 in.* (580 mm) of open vent to dissipate or went leaking medical gas to the outside of the ambulance. 6.238.103 Medical gascylinder compartment shall not be uti- lized for storge of any other equipment and shall be labeled *Medlical Gas Storage Only 6.28.11 Medical Gas Tank Retention. 6.28.11.1 Medical gas cjlinder(s) shall be mounted with 2 re- straining device 6) that meets the requirements of SA J3043, ‘Ambulance Equipment Mounts 628.112 Compliance of the medical gas tank retention de~ vice shall be validated by testing a sample retention dev using a substantially similar ambulance or body structure in accordance with the testing requirements of SAF J3013, Ambu- lance Equipment Mounts 628.113 ‘The medical gas unk holder componentsshall not fail or separate along attachment points. 628.114 The medical gas unk holder or any component thereof shall not separate from the vehicle at any attachment point. 6.28.11.5 The part of the whicle to which the medical gas tank holder is attached shall not fal or scparate at any attach ‘ment point. 6.28.11.6 The simulated ovlinder shall not disengage from the medical gas tank holder. 6.28.12 Medical Gas System Integrity: 628.121 The medical gas system of each ambulance shall be tcsted prior to delivery in accordance with AMD 015, Ambu- lance Main Medical Gas Sytem Tet 6.28.12.1.1 The medlical gas system shall lose no more than 5 psi (34 kPa) of pressure ina “hour period, 6.28.12..2 Each outlet shall be capable of delivering at least 26.4 gpm (100 L/min) of medical gas. 6.98.12.2 Alabel shall be provided near the medical gas tank statingthe following. ‘The integrity of this medical gassystem was tested in. accordance with NFPA 1917 and mects the requirements thereof. 628.128 The label shall be signed and dated by am autho- raed representative of the ambulance manufacturer oF text agency. 6.29 Suction Aspirator 6.29.1 A moumtable batien-powered or electrically powered suction aspirator sytem shall be furnished. 1917-23, 6.29.2. The vacuum control, vacuum indicator, and collection bottle or bag shall be located so that it can be operated from, the primary patient care position, 6.293. Any permanently mounted suction pump shall be lo- ‘cated im an area that is accessible for service. 6.294 Any permancntly mounted suction pump shall be vented to the whicle's exterior. 6.205 vacuum control and. shutoff valve, or combination thereof, shall be proxided to adjust vacuum levels. 6.296 Avacuum indicator gauge graduated at least every 2m. (51 mm) Hgand 2 minimum total range of O in. to 30 in (0mm to 762 mm) Hg shall be provided. 6.29.7 The collection bottle or bag shall be shatter resistant and transparent with a minimum (36 gal (1000 ml) capaciy. 6.298 The minimum inside diameter for the suction tubing ‘connectors shall be atleast % in (6.4 mim), 6.299 Aspirator System Performance. 6299.1 The aspirator system shall provide Free airflow ofat least 1.06 £°/min (30 L/min), 6.2992 The apirtor system shall achieve a minimum of 5.8 psi (300 mm) Hg vacuum within 4 seconds ater the suc- tion tube is dosed. 6.2993 Compliance of the aspirator system shall be vali dated by the manufacturerby testing cach individual aspirator ‘stem installed in accordance with AMD 021, Aspiratr Sytem Test. Chapter 7 Low Voltage Electrical Systems and ‘Warning De vices General. Any low voltage electrical stems o waming devices installed om the ambulance shall be appropriate for the mounting location and intended electrical load and shall, meet the specific requirements of Chapler 7. Printed Circus. Where primed circuits are utilized, they shall eon- form to IPC A-GIOE, Acceptability of Electronic A semblies. .2. Printed circuit assemblies shall be qualified in accor dance with one of the following: (1) Nomife saving gstems shall comply with IPCABIOE, Ac. ‘epealility of Electronic Assemblies, Classification 14.1 as ‘Gass2, For Commercial and Indusuial Assemblies, or bet- (2) Life-sning systems shall comply with IPC ALOE, Acropt bility of Ekctronic Assemblies, Classification 1A.las Cas 3, High Performance Flectronic Products, or better. 7.1.2 Electrical System Performance Tests. The low voltage clectrical stem performance test shall be done in accordance ‘with AMD 005, Lows Voliage Electrical Sytem Test. 7.2 Wiring. 721 Allclectrical circuitwiring supplied and installed by the ambulance manufacturer shall mect the requirements of 79.1.1 Uhrough 72.1.6. 216 cationANNEXA 191713 A6.9.8 The requirement of 6.8 docs not apply to both rear doors, only the primary door A6.13.1 The purchaser may wish to consider the rear masi mum load beight based on the primary stretcher being uti- lized. Current accepted maximum load heights as stated by the cot manuficurers are 31 in to 36 in (8636 mm) to 9144 mm). The load beightis dependent on the chassis cho- sen, Chassis with fourswhecl drive are traditionally 4 im.t06 in. (1016 mm to 159.4 mm) higher thana comparable 4 2. AG.16- The following measuring guidelines are for cabinets and compartments: (1) Cabinet depth: The dimeasion from the cabinet back wall w the outside cabinet face. (2) Compartment depth: The dimension from the compart- ment inside back wal to the outside compartment face (3) Door OD: The door overall outside thickness (dimen- sion} (4) Depth ID: The actual interior depth either measured or figured by subtaeting the Door OD from the cabinet or compartment measured depth (5) Height ID: The dimension from the interior bottom sur= faceto the interior surface of the cabinet or compartment ide top (6) Widih ID: The dimension from one interior surface tothe neat interior susface of the cabinet oF compartment () Sliding window taek: The wack used for sliding cabinet windows (8) Sliding cabinet windows: The sliding doors used on inte ior cabinets ‘The areaofan interior cabinet with sliding doorsorrollap doors [shown in Figure A6.16(a}] is determined as follows: (1) Measure from the buck of the rear wall to the back of the sliding window tackand record that dimension as Depth ID. (2) Measure the eabinetimtetior from wall to walland record that dimension as Width ID. (3) Measure the interior from top to botiom and record that dimension asHeight ID. (4) Multiply Height ID % Width ID »:Depth ID. (5) If measurements are in inches, divide by 1728 for cubic feet. The area ofan interior cabinet with binged doors [shown in Figure A.6.16(b) ] is determined as follows FIGURE A6.16(a) Measurements of Interior Cabinets with Sliding Doors or Ralliap Doors. (1) Measure from the back of the door to the fare of the door and record the dimension at Door OD. (2) Measure from the back of the rear wall wy the cabinet face and record that dimension as the cabinet depth, (8) Subu2et Door OD from the cabinet depth for Depth ID. (4) Measure the cabinetinterior from wall to wall and reco that dimension as With ID. (3) Mcssure the imerior from top to bottom and record that dimension as Height ID. (6) Multiply Height ID x Widtls ID x Depth ID. (7) If measurements are in inches, divide by 1798 for cubic feet —_ Height 1D Depth ib ul 1 casietaszn >i FIGURE A6.16(b) Measurements of Interior Cabinets with, Hinged Doors. The area of an exterior compartment with hinged doors [shown in Figure A.6.16(c)] is determined as follows: (1) Measure from the back of the door to the face of the door and record that dimension as Door OD. (2), Measure from the back of the rear wall to the cabinet fice and record that dimension 2s cabinet depth, (3) Subtract Door OD from the cabinet depth for Depth ID, (4) Measure the cabinet interior from wall to wall and record that dimension as Width ID. (5) Measure the interior from top tw botiom and record that dimension as Height ID. (6) Multiply Height ID x Width ID x Depth ID. (2) If measurements are im inches, divide by 1798 for cubic feet. NOTE: Subwact any notches for spring shaces or fixe! .gstems from the total to.get the correct total cubic fect A.6.16.6 Determination of whether an item is within reachis| not an exact science given the vast variability in human forms, Arm andl torso length as well as flexibility will v ly be= tween individuals. When making trade-offs bi -each comfort, convenience, and practicality, useful anthropomettic and human factors data can be found in publications such as MIL-STD-1472, Department of Defense Design Criteria Standard — Human Engineering.19174 AUTOMOTIVE AMBULANCES Dood FIGURE A6.16(c) Measurements for Exterior Compart- ments with Hinged Doors. A172 Surface matcrials and their colors used im the pa tient compartment should allow EMSPs to distinguish clean surfaces from soiled surfaces, A.6.19 Fach disposable container mecting 29 CFR 1910.1030 (OSHA) should be mounted inside a fixed container capable of withstanding a moderate crash without dispersing its com- tents into the patient compartment, A.G2L3 Restraint gstems should be as follows: (1) The restraint jstem's unfistening mechanism should re- only one hand to quire only one motion or dick wi operate. (9) The restraint system's fastening mechanism should 1e- quire minimal steps to operate. (3) The restraint system should be adjustable topprevent pres sure on the throat of other sensitive areas. (4) The restraint system should be fully exposable for sunita tionand cleaning. AB213.1 The ultimate mission of any ambulance is to safe- ‘guardthe health andwelfare of the patient being transported. ‘That mission fails if the ambulance does not arrive safe ‘essential that the ambulance be driven in a safe manner and that all occupants are scatcd and belted while the vehicle i motion. During emergency responses, emengency med personnel might be inclined to take more risksthan wal and to skip basic vehicle safety procautions. To encourage safe practices, ambulance operation management should consider employing some method of monitoring the driving habits of the ambulance personnel. Methods of monitoring compli- ance with all safety precautions by personnal in the vehicle include live video monitoring, video recording, and vehicle data recording. Any monitoring method should include mont- toring of the use of seat belts and an indication of how care fully the ambulance is being driven. Purchasers may wish to consider specifying seat belt colors such as bright red or bright orange. Bright bet colors are casier to sce on videos oF through ambulance windows for enforcement of seat belt use compliance. ‘Scat belt design is critical to safety during a crash. Seat belts should conform to 4 CFR 571, FMVSS 210, $43.1.1, which BD 20: eaten requires that the lap portion of the belt im any designated seating positon not constrain the occupant Big aero the A6.213.33 The H-Point is the mechanically hinged hip point of the torso and thigh on devices used im defining and measuring whicle seating accommodation in SAE. )526, Dessces for Use in Defining and Measuring Vehicle Seating Accammo. dation. It is an imaginary point located in wodimensional “space shove the scat cushion. The HEPoint is measured using a tool that simulates human hips and torso of a specific ize ind ‘weight. The HE-Point will vary with the size, shape, and material Of the seat back, scat frame, and seat cushion. Ifthe H-Point measurement is not available, it can be approximated by mes suring 5 in. (130 mm) ahead of the seat back and 3 in, (% mm) up from the nondepressed seat cushion surface A6.21.7.3 Purchasers should consider that seats deeper than 15.9 in. (404mm) might not accommodate 5th percentile fe males. Purch:eers should consider that seats deeper than 15.9 in. (404 mm) might not accommodate 5th percentile fe male A6.21.7.4 Back supportshould beat least 1Sin, (57 mm) in ‘width. Back and ead support should accommodate occu pants with heights that range from 59.3 in, (1506. mm) to 74.3 in. (1887 mm). In addition, the back support should in- clude lumbar support. A623 Some chasis used on ambulances might not be cr pable of providing independent contol of the HVAC units beeen the cab and the patient compurument. Purchasers ‘might want to consider chassis selection if this feaure would bbe importantin the climate where the ambulance will be used, A6.25 Retroreflective contour stripes of any coloraffixed to the front, rear, and side surfaces of the ambulance to outline the whicle profile can provide additional conspicuity. The purchaser might want to coniderincluding stich stipes in the ‘specification. . A6.25.1 Ifthe purchsser specifies exterior doors, consider. ation should be given to aifixing the stripe of reflective mate- ial im a location that will not be obscured or last when the doors are open. A625 Retrorcilective material included in the calculation includes. any combination of graphics, leucting, a chewon pattern sloping downward and away from the centerline of the vehicle at an angle of 45 degrees, or Battenburg markings. AG.283. Medical gasand suction ports should be located <0 that EMSPs do not have w reach behind themsehes, astruc- ture, oF2 piece of equipment to access the ports. AT.1 This chapter defines the requirements for alternators, batteries, load management, and instrumentation to detect incipient clectical gstem fuilure. The intent is to require an ‘dectrical eystem that will operate the ambulance using power ‘supplied by the altermator, shed nonessential electrical loads when necescuy, and provide curly warning of electrical failure in time to permitcorrective action, AT2.1.1 The requirement of 125 percent for wiringand cir. cits is imended to pronide reduced voltage drop over wire rated based on ampacity due to heating In low vollage wiring, woltage drop becomes problem before the thermal limit of ‘current carrying capacity of a wire is reached. This require. ment ako ensures that the circuit protection will prevent damm age to the wirein the event of ashort oran overload. Ris not