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EXERCISE NO.8
Impulse and Momentum

1. A 1200-lb automobile is moving at a speed of 90 mi/h when the brakes are fully applied, causing all four wheels to skid.
Determine the time required to stop the automobile (a) on dry pavement (0.75), (b) on an icy road (k 0.10).
SOLUTION

V1=90 mph = 132 ft/s


mv1 - wt=0
=mvt1
Wmg
(a) For =0.75
t= _ 132 ft/s ____
fts
t= 5.47 s
(b) For =0.1
t= _ 132 ft/s ____
fts
t= 40.994 s

2. Two steel blocks are sliding on a frictionless horizontal surface with the velocities shown. Knowing that after impact the velocity of
B is observed to be10.5 ft/s to the right, determine the coefficient of restitution between the two blocks.

The total momentum is conserved.


VA=10ft/s

0.9 lb

1.5 lb

A
(1.5 lb)
g

+
(10 ft/s)

V1

VB=6ft/s
=

B
mA vA + mB vB = mA v1A + mB v1B
(0.9 lb) (6 ft/s) = (1.5 lb)
+
g
g
v1A =

1.5 lb

VB1=10.5ft/s
0.9 lb

(0.9 lb) (10.5 ft/s)


(v1A) + g

15 + 5.4 9.45
1.5

= 7.30 ft/s
e = v1B - v1A
vA - vB
= 10.5 7.30
10 - 6
= 0.800

e = 0.800

\
3.A 600-g ball A is moving with a velocity
of magnitude 6 m/s when it is hit as shown
by a 1-kg ball B, which has a velocity of
magnitude 4 m/s.Knowing that the
coefficient of restitution is 0.8 and
assuming no friction, determine the
velocity of each ball after impact.

Total momentum conserved


mA (vA)n +mB (vB)n =mA (v1A)n + mB (v1B)n
(0.6 kg) (4.596 m/s) + (1 kg) (-4 m/s) = (1 kg) (v1B)n + (0.6 kg) (v1A)n
-1.2424 = (v1B)n + 0.6 (v1A)n
Solving Eq. (4) and (3) simultaneously.
(v1A)n = 5.075 m/s
(v1B)n =1.802 m/s
Velocity of A.
tan vA)t |
|(vA)n|
= 3.857
5.075

v1A = (3.857)2 + (5.075)2


= 6.37 m/s

v1A = 6.37 m/s 77.2o


v1B = 1.802 m/s

4. A 1-kg block B is moving with a


velocity v0 of magnitude v0 2 m/s
as it hits the 0.5-kg sphere A, which is at
rest and hanging from a cord
attached at O. Knowing that =0.6
between the block and the sphere,
determine after impact (a) the maximum
height h reached by the
sphere, (b) the distance x traveled by the
block.

Velocities just after impact

vA = 0

vB = 2 m/s
vA1 vB1

Total momentum in the horizontal direction is conserved.

mAvA + mBvB = mAv1A + mBv1B


0 + (1 kg)(2 m/s) = (0.5 kg) (v1A) + (1 kg) (v1B)
4 = v1A + 2v1B
Relative velocities.
(vA vB) e = (v1B v1A)
(0 2) (0.8) = v1B v1A
-1.6 = v1B v1A

5. The tanker has a mass of 130 Gg. If it is


originally at rest, determine its speed when
t = 10s. The horizontal thrust provided by
its propeller varies with time as shown in
the graph. Neglect the effect of water
resistance

Solution:

Solution :

m(vx)1 +

t2

t1

F x dt = m(vx)2

10 s

( + )

0+

30(106) (1 e -0.1t) dt = 0.130 (109)v


v = 0.849 m/s

6. Two cars A and B have a mass of 2Mg


and 1.5 Mg, respectively. Determine the
magnitude of vA and vB if the cars collide
and stick together while moving with a
common speed of 50 km/h in the direction
shown.

7. A man wearing ice skates throws an 8kg


block with an initial velocity of 2m/s,
measured relative to himself, in the
direction shown. If he is originally at rest
and completes the throw in 1.5 s while
keeping his legs rigid, determine the
horizontal velocity of the man just after
releasing the block. What is the vertical
reaction of both his skates on the ice
during the throw? The man has a mass of
70kg. Neglect friction and the motion of
his arms.

8.A 1.5-kg block B is attached to an undeformed spring of constant k = 80 N/m and is


resting on a horizontal surface when it is struck by an identical block A moving at a speed
of 5 m/s. Assuming the impact to be perfectly elastic (e = 1) and knowing the coefficients
of friction between the blocks and the horizontal surface: mk = 0.3 and ms = 0.5, determine
(a) velocities of blocks A and B just after the first impact (b) maximum deflection of the
spring, (c) velocity of B just before the second impact with A on its return back to the
equilibrium position (d) velocity of A and B after the second impact (e = 1) (e) final
positions of blocks A and B from the initial impact position.

Phase I impact
Conservation of total momentum.
+ mAvA + mBv1B = mAv1A + mBv1B : 5 = v1A + v1B
Relative velocities.
(vA vB) e = (v1B v1A)

v1B v1A = 5e

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2).


v1B = 2.5 (1 + e),
e = 1: v1B =5 m/s,
e = 0: v1B = 2.5 m/s,

v1A = 2.5(1-e)
v1A = 0
v1A =2.5 m/s

9.The girl throws the ball with a


horizontal velocity of v1 = 8ft/s
. If the coefficient of restitution between
the ball and the ground is e = 0.8,
determine (a) the velocity of the
ball just after it rebounds from the ground
and (b) the maximum height to which the
ball rises after the first bounce.

Solution

10. A sphere rebounds as shown after


striking an inclined plane with a vertical
velocity 0 v of magnitude v0 = 15 ft/s.
Knowing that a = 30 and e = 0.8 between
the sphere and the plane, determine the
height h reached by the sphere.

Conservation of momentum t direction


mv0 sin30o = m (v1A)t (v1A) t = 15 sin30o
(v 1A) t = 7.5 ft/s

7.5 ft/s
Relative velocities in the n direction
( - v0 cos30o - 0) e = 0 (v1A)n (v1A) n = (15cos300) (0.8)
(v 1A) n = 10.39 ft/s
(v x)0 = (v1A) t cos30o + (v1A) n sin30o
(v x)0 = 11.69 ft/s
x direction:

x = (v x)

t = 7.5t

v x = (vx)0 = 11.69 ft/s


(v y)0 = - (v1A) t sin30o + (v1A) n cos30o
(v y)0 5.24 ft/s

y direction :

y = (vy)0 t -

1
2

gt2 = 5.24 -9.81t

tA B =0.534s
y = h = (vy)0 tA B - 4.905t2A B = 5.24 (0.534) 4.905 (0.534)2
h = 1.4m

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