Instructional Plan

in
Eng. 22
TTH 2:30-4:00 pm
Submitted by:
Montenegro, Jollian S. ( Introduction, Visayan creation myth)
Serrano, Glen P. (Tagalog creation story)
Gujilde, Gracel R. (Gods and Goddesses)
Serrano, Mark Brandon C. ( 2 Mythological stories)
Submitted to:
Dr. Maria Lady Sol A. Suazo
I Learning Objectives
At the end of the discussion, the students should be able to:
1. Introduce Philippine Mythology including the stories of creation.
2. Enumerate the Gods and Goddesses with their respective role in Philippine Mythology.
3. Reflect on the two example stories in Philippine Mythology.
II Subject Matter
Topic: Philippine Mythology: The Introduction, Story Of Creation, The Gods and Goddesses, and Two Stories In Philippine Myth
III Lessons Content
Philippine Mythology
Myths and folktales are important in every world culture. A society without stories about its beginnings, its heroes, and its deepest
values is like a person without a name or a family without roots.
What is a myth?

Stories about beginnings

An anonymous, traditional story that explains a belief, custom, or a mysterious natural phenomenon.

Myth comes from the Greek root muthos, which means story.
7 Functions of a Myth

To explain the creation of the world and universe.

To explain the human condition: How and why people were created, why they are flawed, why there is still suffering in the world,
why people must eventually die, and what happens to people after death.

To explain natural phenomena, such as the setting of the sun and phases of the moon.

To explain the nature of gods and goddesses and how these deities and human beings interact.

To explain the meanings behind religious rituals, customs and beliefs.

To explain Historical events.

To teach moral lessons. How should people behave? What is right and wrong?
Philippine Mythology - Is derived from Philippine folk literature, which is the traditional oral literature of the Filipino people. This refers to a
wide range of material due to the ethnic mix of the Philippines. Each unique ethnic group has its own stories and myths to tell.
The stories of ancient Philippine mythology include deities, creation stories, mythical creatures, and beliefs. Ancient Philippine
mythology varies among the many indigenous tribes of the Philippines. Some groups during the pre-Spanish conquest era believed in a
single Supreme Being who created the world and everything in it, while others chose to worship a multitude of tree and forest deities
(diwatas).
Visayan Creation Myth
Analysis of the story
Theme: How the land, the sun, the moon and the stars was created.
Symbolism:
Maguayan- personifies the great wide ocean that covers the entire world.
Kaptan- Personifies the vast and empty sky.
Lidagat- daughter of the sea God.
Liadlao- sun (day)
Lihangin- the son of the sky God
Libulan- moon (night)
Licalibutan- land
Lisuga- stars in the sky
Bamboo- birth of Sicalac, the first woman and Sicabay, the first man.
Value: Respect your grandparents and do not abuse your power.
The Creation Story
Tagalog
When the world first began there was no land, but only the sea and the sky, and between them was a kite (a bird something like
a hawk). One day the bird which had nowhere to light grew tired of flying about, so she stirred up the sea until it threw its waters against
the sky. The sky, in order to restrain the sea, showered upon it many islands until it could no longer rise, but ran back and forth. Then the
sky ordered the kite to light on one of the islands to build her nest, and to leave the sea and the sky in peace. Now at this time the land
breeze and the sea breeze were married, and they had a child which was a bamboo. One day when this bamboo was floating about on
the water, it struck the feet of the kite which was on the beach. The bird, angry that anything should strike it, pecked at the bamboo, and
out of one section came a man and from the other a woman.
Then the earthquake called on all the birds and fish to see what should be done with these two, and it was decided that they
should marry. Many children were born to the couple, and from them came all the different races of people.
After a while the parents grew very tired of having so many idle and useless children around, and they wished to be rid of them,
but they knew of no place to send them to. Time went on and the children became so numerous that the parents enjoyed no peace. One
day, in desperation, the father seized a stick and began beating them on all sides.
This so frightened the children that they fled in different directions, seeking hidden rooms in the house -- some concealed
themselves in the walls, some ran outside, while others hid in the fireplace, and several fled to the sea.
Now it happened that those who went into the hidden rooms of the house later became the chiefs of the islands; and those who
concealed themselves in the walls became slaves. Those who ran outside were free men; and those who hid in the fireplace became
negroes; while those who fled to the sea were gone many years, and when their children came back they were the white people.
The Gods and Goddesses
Filipino Mythology varies according to the different tribal people of the Philippines so there are very many tales and theories of
the myths. Here are the famous gods and goddesses of Filipino Mythology.

Bathala - The main god of the Tagalog, who is formally known as Bathalang Maykapal or Maykapal. He is the Tagalogs chief
god, the creator of the universe and humanity.

Apo Laki - the son of Bathala, is the Tagalog god of the sun and lord of war. To the Pangasinense, Apo Laki is the god AmaKaoley.

Tala - goddess of the stars, daughter of Bathala, usually the "morning and evening star.

Anitun Tabu - the Tagalog goddess of the wind and rain.

Dian Masalanta - The ancient Tagalogs goddess of love, pregnancy, childbirth.

Amihan- The bird of legend is said to be the first creature inhabiting the universe, and has been linked to the saving of Earths
first humans: Malakas (strong) and Maganda (beautiful). While this name is particularly not used in the Tagalog creation myth
about the bird who stirred up the waters and the heavens, I believe there may be a correlation.

The Marias- Maria Cacao, Maria Makiling, and Maria Sinukuan are mountain goddesses (or fairies) with their own separate
jurisdictions. The most famous of the three, Maria Makiling, is the guardian of Mount Makiling, located in Laguna. The mountain
is said to resemble the profile of a woman, perhaps of Maria herself. Maria Cacao watches over Mount Lantoy in Cebu, and it is
said that her domain houses the Cacao plants, a useful ingredient in most Filipino chocolate delicacies. Lastly, Maria Sinukuan
holds dominion over Mount Arayat in Pampanga. There, she is said to bring forth bountiful harvests from the mountains fruit
trees.

Bakunawa- The Bakunawa, also known as Bakonawa, Baconaua, or Bakonaua, is a deity in Philippine mythology that is often
represented as a gigantic sea serpent. He is believed to be the god of the underworld and is often considered to be the cause of
eclipses. It appears as a giant sea serpent with a mouth the size of a lake, a red tongue, whiskers, gills, small wires at its sides,
and two sets of wings, one is large and ash-gray while the other is small and is found.

Idianal - the ancient Tagalog goddess of animal husbandry.

Lakan Bakod - the ancient Tagalog god of gardens who protect and watch over plants and sometimes animals.

Lakan Pati - the ancient Tagalog's deity of cultivated fields, a hermaphrodite.

Mayari - The ancient one-eyed Tagalog goddess and protector of the moon. She is the daughter of Bathala and sister of Tala and
Apo Laki.

Tadaklan - the Tinguian god of thunder, as worshiped by those people of central Luzon.
Kimat-the lightning dog. When Kimat
attacks, he comes down from heaven and bites whatever it is aimed at.
Tagalog Gods

Aman Sinaya - god of the sea, fishing, and seafaring

Amanikable - god of the hunt, the protector of huntsmen

Hanan - god of the morning

Hayo - god of the sea and the ocean

Hukloban - goddess of death, "huklob" means "enchantment", normally in the appearance of a crone or hag, one of Sitan's
helper

Lakambuwi - god of gluttony, food, and eating

Linga - god of disease, although unlike Manggagaway, he cures them

Manggagaway - goddess of disease, poses as a healer and inflicts terror by inducing maladies instead, one of Sitan's helper.

Mangkukulam - god of fire (not to be confused by the sun), name means "witch.

Manisalat - god of broken families, usually causes discord between husband and wife.

Sitan - god of the afterlife, guardian of the realm of the spirits, has four follower gods.

Tala - goddess of the stars, daughter of Bathala, usually the "morning and evening star.

Aswang is the god of evil in Bicol; the brother and enemy of Gugurang.

Gugurang is the Bicolano chief god and keeper of a sacred fire atop Mt. Mayon.

Haliya is the Bicolano goddess of the moon and protector of women.

Kan-Laon(or Lalahon) is the Visayan supreme deity

Kaptan is the ancient Visayan sky god; sibling of Maguayen

Maguayen is the god of the sea.

Two (2) Mythological Stories
Malakas and Maganda
Malakas and Maganda is about the origin of how the Philippines' land and people started from two giants.
When God was done creating the world, he was bored. He looked down over the earth and senta bird into the world. It flew around until it
heard a sound. The bird found a piece of bamboo and the sound came from it. He started tapping on it and pretty soon it broke in two
and a man came out of it. His name was Malakas, which means strong, and he told the bird, "My mate is in the other piece of wood." They
got her out and her name was Maganda which means beautiful. The two got on the bird's back because they need to find some place to
live. They flew through the world, and then, the bird saw land and let the two giants live on it. Malakas and Maganda stepped on the land
and separated the land into islands. Through their living on the islands, theyhad children and that is the story of the Philippine Islands.
The Tale of Tungkung Langit and Alunsina
In the beginning there was nothing and there was everything. The world is made of mists, formless and shapeless things, and
confusions everywhere. From this confusion there grows two Gods, Tunkong Langit and Alunsina. These two Gods marry and lived in the
highest realm of ethereal space. Tungkung Langit took the responsibility of writing everything in the world, his job is to restore order,
chaos and the confusion around him, so everyday he left to do his job, and leave Alunsina in their home. While Tungkung Langit is
responsible, Alunsina is lazy, jealous, and selfish. She likes to daydream or comb her hair all day long. And because she was a jealous
goddess, Alunsina always sends the sea breeze to spy on Tungkung Langit. When the god found this out, he was not pleased. There was
a quarrel. Tungkung Langit says that it is ungodly of her to be jealous. Alunsina resented it. Tungkung Langit lost his temper; he divested
his wife of her powers and sends her away. No one knew where she went, she just disappeared. Several days after, Tungkung Langit
became very lonely. But he doesn't know where to find her or where to start looking for her. He missed Alunsina terribly, especially
whenever he comes home after his work and finds his house empty. One day, he thought of an idea, he made the sea, the earth, and
filled the ground with trees and flowers. He made the earth and sea beautiful, so that when Alunsina would see it, she would come home.
But she didn't. So he took Alunsina's jewels and put it in the sky, and still Alunsina did not came back. Up to this time, Tungkung Langit still
lives alone in his palace in the sky. When it rains, it is said to be Tungkung Langit"s tears, still longing for the return of his beloved
Alunsina.
VI-References
F. Landa Jocano, Outline of Philippine Mythology (Centro Escolar University Research and Development Center,
1969)http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Philippine_Mythology