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NCPGG
INTRODUCTION
GEOLOGICAL SETTING
CALCULATION OF SHALE POROSITIES FROM SONIC AND
DENSITY LOGS
DEFINING A SHALE NORMAL COMPACTION CURVE
CONCLUSIONS
NCPGG
INTRODUCTION
GEOLOGICAL SETTING
CALCULATION OF SHALE POROSITIES FROM SONIC AND
DENSITY LOGS
DEFINING A SHALE NORMAL COMPACTION CURVE
CONCLUSIONS
NCPGG
INTRODUCTION
Most oil & gas fields in Brunei contain overpressures, often of large
magnitude and with rapid transition zones
Detection of overpressure from wireline logs is important in pore
pressure prediction
Sonic & density logs are often used to estimate shale porosity to
detect overpressure associated with undercompaction
Can overpressure that is not associated with undercompaction be
detected using wireline logs?
Hermanrud et al. (1998) suggested that the sonic log is directly
influenced by overpressure
NCPGG
INTRODUCTION
GEOLOGICAL SETTING
CALCULATION OF SHALE POROSITIES FROM SONIC AND
DENSITY LOGS
DEFINING A SHALE NORMAL COMPACTION CURVE
CONCLUSIONS
113
114
115
116
NCPGG
South China
Sea
5
Sabah
Brunei
km
113
Sarawak
50
114
115
116
NCPGG
GEOLOGICAL SETTING
Baram Basin is a Tertiary delta located on an active margin
Deltaic sequence consists of bottomset Setap Shale overlain by thinly
bedded sands and shale foreset units
Rapid sedimentation, some subsidence rates of up to 3000 m/Ma
Overpressure primarily located in the thick, fine-grained Setap Shale
High sedimentation rates and fine grain size suggests disequilibrium
compaction as the origin of overpressure in the shales (Osborne &
Swarbrick, 1997)
NCPGG
INTRODUCTION
GEOLOGICAL SETTING
CALCULATION OF SHALE POROSITIES FROM SONIC AND
DENSITY LOGS
DEFINING A SHALE NORMAL COMPACTION CURVE
CONCLUSIONS
NCPGG
NCPGG
NCPGG
Density Porosity vs Sonic transit time to determine Cp and Matrix transit time
0.5
0.45
Density porosity
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
Values of Cp=2.16 and tma=169 s/m were obtained for the two
fields
600
NCPGG
INTRODUCTION
GEOLOGICAL SETTING
CALCULATION OF SHALE POROSITIES FROM SONIC AND
DENSITY LOGS
DEFINING A SHALE NORMAL COMPACTION CURVE
CONCLUSIONS
NCPGG
Depth
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
NCPGG
INTRODUCTION
GEOLOGICAL SETTING
CALCULATION OF SHALE POROSITIES FROM SONIC AND
DENSITY LOGS
DEFINING A SHALE NORMAL COMPACTION CURVE
CONCLUSIONS
Well A
Pressure (MPa)
0
Gamma (API)
80
10 0
NCPGG
Density (g/cc)
2
2 .8 2 0 0
50 0
Shale Porosity
0
0 .4
Sonic
Equivalent
Depth
500
1000
Top
Overpressure
1500
Top
Shale
Density
Equivalent
Depth
Mud
Weight
3500
Sonic &
Density
Reversals
Hydrostatic
RHOB
Density
Porosity
RFTs
3000
Equivalent
Depth
Equivalent
Depth
2000
2500
Normal
Compaction
Sonic
Porosity
NCPGG
Well B
Pressure (MPa)
0
Gamma (API)
80
10 0
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Density (g/cc)
2
2 .8 2 0 0
Shale Porosity
50 0 0
0 .5
Normal
Compaction
500
Density
Porosity
1000
1500
Top
Overpressure
2000
RFTs
Equivalent
Depth
2500
3000
Sonic
Porosity
3500
Hydrostatic
NCPGG
INTRODUCTION
GEOLOGICAL SETTING
CALCULATION OF SHALE POROSITIES FROM SONIC AND
DENSITY LOGS
DEFINING A SHALE NORMAL COMPACTION CURVE
CONCLUSIONS
NCPGG
CONCLUSIONS
Shale porosity estimated from sonic and density logs can be used to
detect zones of overpressure and undercompaction in Brunei
The sonic log shows a greater overpressure effect than the density
log
It is suggested that the sonic log is responding to overpressure
directly as well as to undercompaction, whereas the density log is
responding only to undercompaction
NCPGG
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Brunei Shell Petroleum for providing
data for this study and the Australian Research Council for funding
this research.