SUSTANTIVOS y QUANTIFICADORES:

SUSTANTIVOS INCONTABLES y CUANTIFICADORES

USO:
Los cuantificadores son palabras o frases
que indican el nmero o la cantidad de
un objeto. Algunos cuantificadores se emplean tanto con sustantivos como con incontables. Otros solo se
utilizan
con sustantivos contables o incontables
pero no con ambos.
RECUERDA: Los sustantivos incontables toman solo la
forma singular del verbo!
some (enunciado):
"There is some water in your glass."
any (preguntas y sentencias negative):
"Is there any money in the handbag?"
"There isn't any time left."
a lot of
"There is a lot of butter on your bread."
much
"I haven't got much money."
"How much milk do you want?"
a little
"I only want a little juice."

NOUNS AND QUANTIFIERS:

COUNT NOUNS and QUANTIFIERS
USE:
Quantifiers are words or phrases which show the number or amount of an object. Some quantifiers are
used with both count and non-count nouns. Some other quantifiers are used only with either non-count
nouns or count nouns, but not with both.
some (statements):
"There are some books on the shelf."
any (questions and negative sentences):
"Are there any girls in your class?"
"There aren't any onions in the salad."
a lot of
"There are a lot of red apples."
many

"I haven't got many friends."

"How many chairs are in that classroom?"
a few
"He has a few books."

EXAMPLE:
"Are there any small nails down there, Harry?"
"Sorry, there aren't any, but I have some big nails.
Is that OK?"

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Clean-House Agency
Do you always have a lot of housework?
Do you feel tired all the time?
Call the Clean-House Agency. We go everywhere. We do everything! The Clean-House Agency
can help you. Call 555-1155 and ask for Mary. Don't wait!
Do it now!

PRESENTE SIMPLE: ENUNCIADOS

USO:
Hablar de acciones, estados o hechos que suceden en cualquier momento, de forma repetida o
continuamente.
AFIRMATIVA
FORMA:
La tercera persona del singular aaden una -s final.
[SUJETO + VERBO(s) + RESTO DE LA ORACIN
I/You/We/They
He/She/It

work
has
ORTOGRAFIA

in a bank.
brown eyes.

Los verbos que acaban en ss, sh, ch, x, o aaden la terminacin es a la tercera persona del
singular. kisses,matches, goes, watches
Para verbos que terminan en la consonante + y,cambian la y por la terminacin
-ies: carry/carries,try/tries, copy/copies
NOTA: el presente simple se utiliza tambin con adverbios y frases adverbiales: Always,
Never, Often,Sometimes, Usually, Every day/week, On Sundays, Twice a month, year, etc.
EJEMPLOS:
"I often go to basketball games."
"He never watches TV."
"My brother goes to the health club twice a week."
"I always have coffee for breakfast."

NEGATIVA
FORMA:
[SUJETO+ DO NOT/DON'T+ VERBO+ RESTO DE LA ORACIN]DOES NOT/DOESN'T)

I/You/We/They
He/She/It

don't drive
doesn't have

in the city.
brown eyes..

EJEMPLO:
"Bill calls Mary, but he doesn't call me."

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PRESENT SIMPLE: YES/NO QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS
USE:
To ask questions about actions in general time that need an answer of "yes" or "no".
FORM:
Put DO or DOES in front of the subject.
[DO/DOES + SUBJECT + VERB + REST]
Does
Do
AFFIRMATIVE:
YES/NO QUESTION:

he/she/it
I

like
know
She likes milk.
Does she like milk?
ANSWERS

USE:
To answer a yes/no question.
FORM:

[YES,
Yes,
Yes,
[NO,
No,
No,

SUBJECT +
I/you/we/they
he/she/it
SUBJECT +
I/you/we/they
he/she/it

DO/DOES]
do.
does.
DON'T/DOESN'T]
don't.
doesn't.

EXAMPLES:
"Do you work on Saturdays?"
"Yes, I do."
"Does he work on Saturdays?"
"No, he doesn't."

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PRESENTE SIMPLE: Preguntas Wh
USO:
Realizar preguntas acerca de acciones en tiempo general

milk?
him?

que comienzan con los siguientes interrogativos: WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, WHO, WHY, HOW.
FORMA:
Preguntas acerca del SUJETO:

[WHO-WHAT + VERBO + RESTO]

Who

lives

here?

Preguntas acerca del RESTO DE LA ORACION:

[WH-WORD + DO/DOES... VERBO...]

When
Where
EJEMPLOS:
"Who lives in that house?"
"The Porters."

do
does

you
he

go home?
live?

"What does Jack want to do?"

"Go to the movies.
"Where do they work?"
"At the bank."

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People Are Crazy About Sports

by Stan Bruer
Why do people love to watch sports? Professor Len Sanders of Georgetown University asks this question
in his study on, "Peopleand Sports." "We can understand why people like to
play sports. It'sgood exercise and a lot of fun," says Professor Sanders. "But why do millions of
people pay so much money to watch other people play?"
Sports is good business. A winning team can make millions of dollars.A good athlete or player can make a
very large salary. For example, at the Wimbledon Tennis Championships, the winner can make more than
$2.9 million.
Derrick Rose is a basketball player for the Chicago Bulls. He makes one of the highest salaries in
basketball. He earns about sixteen million dollars every year.
Sports fans, the people who watch sports, often pay a lot of money for tickets to a game. The MetLife
Stadium in New Jersey can hold 82,566 people.
Fans get very excited when their team wins. Professor Sanders now has the answer to his
question: "People love the excitement of a good game."

COMPARACIN: IGUALDAD

USO:
Comparar dos personas o cosas que son semejantes.
FORMA:
AFIRMATIVA:
[AS + ADJETIVO + AS]
Bob is as tall as Marty.
NEGATIVA:
[NOT AS + ADJETIVO + AS]
Her hair is not as long as mine.

COMPARACIN: COMPARATIVOS

USO:
Comparar una o ms persona(s)/cosa(s)con otras personas/cosas.
FORMA:
[FORMA COMPARATIVA DE ADJETIVO + THAN]
John is older than Bart.
Betty is more beautiful than Barbara.
La mayora de adjetivos aaden la terminacin -er:
long/longer, old/older, tall/taller
Los adjetivos que acaban en -e toman la terminacin -r:
nice/nicer, late/later
Los adjetivos que acaban en vocal + consonante
duplican la consonante:
fat/fatter, big/bigger, hot/hotter
En los adjetivos que acaban en y, eliminar la y; aadir la terminacin -ier:

happy/happier, easy/easier
La mayora de los adjetivos de dos o ms slabas
forman el comparativo con more:

intelligent - more intelligent

beautiful - more beautiful
Los adjetivos "good" y "bad" tienen una forma comparativa irregular:

good - better
bad - worse
EJEMPLOS:
Todd: "Samurai Sam is winning. He's stronger than Viking Vick."
Ron: "Yes, and he's more popular, too!"

COMPARACIN: SUPERLATIVOS

USO:
Comparar una o ms personas o cosas con

un grupo.
FORMA:
[THE + FORMA SUPERLATIVA DE ADJETIVO]

John is the tallest boy in the class.

They are the most beautiful shoes in the store.
La mayora de los adjetivos adquieren la terminacin -est: long/longest, old/oldest
Los adjetivos que acaban en -e toman -st: nice/nicest, late/latest
Los adjectives que terminan en una vocal + consonante duplican la consonante: fat/fattest, big/biggest,
hot/hottest
Los adjetivos que acaban en y eliminan la y; aaden la terminacin -iest:
happy/happiest, easy/easiest
La mayora de los adjetivos de dos o ms slabas

forman el superlativo con most:

honest - most honest
beautiful - most beautiful
The adjectives "good" and "bad" have an irregular superlative form:
good - best
bad - worst
EJEMPLOS:
"Come to Mad Mo's. We have the cheapest,
the biggest, the most terrific store in New York! We are the best!"

Sale At Shopright

Sale at Shopright Supermarket.

Make a fat-free dinner tonight!
3 cans of vegetables: 33 cents.
Delicious steak with onions from our chef: 1/2 price.
Try our salt-free turkey: only 99 cents a pound.
Buy a watermelon for $1.89. Eat light! Save money!

Good to See You

- Pam! It's good to see you.

- Great to see you too, Paul.
- Look, do you have time for lunch?
- Aww... sorry. I can't. I'm in a hurry right now.
- Then how about a quick cup of coffee? Just 15 minutes, OK?
- 15 minutes? OK, sure. I'd love to.

SUSTANTIVOS y CUANTIFICADORES:
SUSTANTIVOS CONTABLES/INCONTABLES
USO:
Los cuantificadores son palabras o frases que indican el nmero o la cantidad de un
objeto. Algunos cuantificadores se emplean tanto con sustantivos contables como con incontables. Otros
slo se utilizan con sustantivos contables o incontables, pero no con ambos.
USADOS CON AMBOS SUSTANTIVOS CONTABLES E INCONTABLES:
some (dichos):
"There are some books on the shelf." (CONTABLE)
"There is some fruit on the table." (INCONTABLE)
any (frases negativas y preguntas):
"Are there any girls in your class?" (CONTABLE)
"There aren't any onions in the salad." (CONTABLE)
"Is there any butter?" (INCONTABLE)
"There isn't any homework today." (INCONTABLE)
a lot of:
"There are a lot of red apples." (CONTABLE)
"There is a lot of noise in here." (INCONTABLE)
USADAS CON SUSTANTIVOS CONTABLES SOLAMENTE:
many
"I haven't got many friends."
"How many chairs are in that classroom?"

a few
"He has a few books."
USADAS CON SUSTANTIVOS INCONTABLES SOLAMENTE:
much
"I haven't got much time."
"How much milk do you want?"
a little
"I only want a little juice."

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