(OSULQFLSDOUHFXUVRKXPDQRODV

SHUVRQDV
(QODHYROXFLyQKLVWyULFDGHODJHVWLyQHPSUHVDULDOVHOHKDDVLJQDGRXQ
GHWHUPLQDGRSDSHOGHQWURGHHVWHVLVWHPD\GHIRUPDH[SOtFLWDRLPSOtFLWDKD
VLGRVLHPSUHHOHOHPHQWRIXQGDPHQWDOHQHOGHVDUUROORGHODVGLIHUHQWHV
DFWLYLGDGHVSXHVDSHVDUGHOQLYHOWHFQROyJLFRDOFDQ]DGRSRUODPHFDQL]DFLyQ
\ODDXWRPDWL]DFLyQHQORVSURFHVRVSURGXFWLYRVRGHVHUYLFLRVGHWUiVGHHOORV
VLHPSUHHVWiHOKRPEUH
(OHQIRTXHVREUHHOKRPEUHGHEHWHQHUXQFDUiFWHUKROtVWLFRFRQWHPSODWRGDVODVHVIHUDVTXH
LQWHJUDQ DO KRPEUH QR FRPR XQD VXPDWRULD VLQR HQ VX VtQWHVLV H LQWHUUHODFLRQHV LQWUD H
LQWHUHVIHUDV HQ VX LPSOLFDFLyQ HQ XQ PHGLR GHWHUPLQDGR \ HQ OD LQWHUUHODFLyQ FRQ ODV GHPiV
SHUVRQDV

)LJXUD0RGHORGHODVGLIHUHQWHVHVIHUDVDYDORUDUHQHOKRPEUH

6RQ YDULDV ODV GLVFLSOLQDV FLHQWtILFDV TXH HVWXGLDQ DO KRPEUH HQ HO GHVDUUROOR GH OD DFWLYLGDG
ODERUDOWDOHVFRPRODPHGLFLQDODDQWURSRORJtDODILVLRORJtDHOGHUHFKRODSHGDJRJtD\RWUDV
SHURODSVLFRORJtDRFXSDXQDSRVLFLyQSULYLOHJLDGDSRUHODOFDQFHGHVXREMHWR
&XDQGR VH KDFH UHIHUHQFLD D OD H[LVWHQFLD GH GLIHUHQWHV HVIHUDV VH GHEH SODQWHDU OD
LQWHUUHODFLyQ\GHSHQGHQFLDHQWUHWRGDVHVGHFLUHQWUHORELROyJLFRORSVLFROyJLFR\ORVRFLDO
LQWHJUDGR HQ HO KRPEUH \ HV HVD LQWHJUDFLyQ OD TXH UHIOHMD OD FDSDFLGDG GH XQD SHUVRQD
FRQFUHWDRJUXSRGHHOODVSDUDGHVDUUROODUFRQp[LWRGHWHUPLQDGDDFWLYLGDG+DEODUGHXQWRGR
WLHQH OyJLFD FXDQGR H[LVWHQ SDUWHV DO LJXDO TXH KDEODU GH SDUWHV DGTXLHUH VHQWLGR FXDQGR
H[LVWH XQ WRGR SRU OR TXH KD\ TXH YDORUDU HVWRV QH[RV HQ VHQWLGR GLDOpFWLFR \ UHFRQRFHU VX
FDUiFWHU KROtVWLFR \ VLQHUJpWLFR (VWR LPSOLFD DQDOL]DU HO VLVWHPD \ VXV FRPSRQHQWHV FX\DV
LQWHUDFFLRQHVDGTXLHUHQXQDGLPHQVLyQFXDOLWDWLYDGLIHUHQWH

(OKRPEUHHVHOSULQFLSDOREMHWR\VXMHWRSRUVXFDUiFWHUDFWLYRTXHDODYH]
WUDQVIRUPD\VHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOGHVDUUROORGHODDFWLYLGDG&XDQGRVHGLFH
TXHHVHOFHQWURGHODJHVWLyQGHUHFXUVRVKXPDQRVVHDQDOL]DDOPLVPRHQOD
LQWHJUDFLyQGHODVHVIHUDVFRJQLWLYDDIHFWLYDItVLFD\VRFLDO
3XHGHSDUHFHUUHGXQGDQWHKDEODUGHXQDHVIHUDVRFLDODOKDFHUDOXVLyQDOKRPEUH\DTXHVH
SDUWH GHO SULQFLSLR GH TXH HV XQ VHU VRFLDO SRU H[FHOHQFLD SHUR QR VH WUDWD GH ORV IDFWRUHV
LQWHUQRV UHIUDFWDGRV D WUDYpV GH OD LPSOLFDFLyQ GHO KRPEUH HQ HO PHGLR \ TXH PDWL]DQ OD
HVHQFLD GH VX SHUVRQDOLGDG VLQR HQ OD PDQLIHVWDFLyQ \ OD LPDJHQ H[WHUQD TXH HO PLVPR
SUR\HFWD HQ FRQVRQDQFLD FRQ ODV QRUPDV \ YDORUHV SUHGRPLQDQWHV RULHQWDGR
IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHHQHVWHFDVRDDTXHOORVTXHFDUDFWHUL]DQODFXOWXUDGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQDOD
TXHHOFDQGLGDWRDVSLUDLQWHJUDUVH\ODGHOHQWRUQRVXVWDWXVVRFLDO\IDPLOLDUHOSUHVWLJLRTXH
SRVHHODHMHPSODULGDGTXHPDQLILHVWD\VXFRQGXFWDVRFLDO
/DYLGDHVHOSULQFLSDOFULWHULRGHODYHUGDG\HOUHIOHMRGHODDFWLYLGDGGHOKRPEUHHVSRUHOOR
TXHGHEHPRVSUHVWDUHVSHFLDODWHQFLyQDODYDORUDFLyQGHODFRQGXFWDVRFLDOGHOFDQGLGDWRVX
JUDGR GH LQFRUSRUDFLyQ \ SDUWLFLSDFLyQ HQ ODV GLVWLQWDV HVIHUDV GH OD YLGD VRFLDO (Q HVWH
VHQWLGRHQHOFDVRGHDOJXQRVFDUJRVHVSHFtILFRVHVQHFHVDULRUHDOL]DUXQSURFHVRGHDQiOLVLV
VREUHYLGDSURIHVLRQDODQWHULRU
$O KDFHU UHIHUHQFLD D OD HVIHUD ItVLFD HQ HO KRPEUH DSDUHFHQ ODV JUDQGHV FRQWURYHUVLDV
DOUHGHGRUGHOSDSHOGHORVDVSHFWRVELROyJLFRVHQODSHUVRQDOLGDGGHOVHUKXPDQR
(O KRPEUH QDFH FRQ XQD FRQILJXUDFLyQ ItVLFD FX\R XOWHULRU GHVDUUROOR OR FRQGLFLRQD VX
LPSOLFDFLyQ HQ HO PHGLR VRFLDO (V SRU HOOR TXH VH SXHGH LGHQWLILFDU XQD HVIHUD ItVLFD FRQ
GHWHUPLQDGDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV ODV TXH VRQ SRUWDGRUDV GH GLIHUHQFLDV LQGLYLGXDOHV PXFKDV GH
ODV FXDOHV SXHGHQ HULJLUVH HQ H[LJHQFLDV R FRQGLFLRQHV SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR GH XQD DFWLYLGDG
GHWHUPLQDGD
(QWUH ODV SULQFLSDOHV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH RUGHQ ItVLFR TXH SXHGHQ VHU UHTXHULPLHQWRV SDUD HO
GHVDUUROOR GH OD DFWLYLGDG ODERUDO VH HQFXHQWUDQ OD FRQVWLWXFLyQ ItVLFD HVWDWXUD FRPSOH[LyQ
KDELOLGDGHV SHVR FRUSRUDO YLJRU ItVLFR IXHU]D HGDG VH[R \ DSDULHQFLD ItVLFD $VLPLVPR ODV
KDELOLGDGHV PRWRUDV SXHGHQ VHU XQ UHTXLVLWR HVSHFtILFR SDUD GHWHUPLQDGDV RFXSDFLRQHV \
H[LVWHQ GLIHUHQWHV PpWRGRV \ WpFQLFDV SDUD VX HVWXGLR TXH YDQ GHVGH OD UHDOL]DFLyQ GH
PXHVWUDVGHWUDEDMRWHVWVGHOiSL]\SDSHO\DSDUDWRV
+DTXHGDGRGHPRVWUDGRTXHHOSRVHHUXQDOWRGHVDUUROORHQGLFKDVKDELOLGDGHVHVFRQGLFLyQ
QHFHVDULD SHUR QR VXILFLHQWH SDUD GHVHPSHxDU FRQ p[LWR XQD DFWLYLGDG TXH SRVHD HVWD
H[LJHQFLDVLQRVHFRQMXJDFRQRWUDVFXDOLGDGHVFRPSOHMDVTXHLQWHUYLHQHQHQHOGHVDUUROORGH
ODPLVPD
/OHJDGRDTXtWHQHPRVTXHGHILQLUTXpFRVDHVODSHUVRQDOLGDGHOOtGHU