pH

Mettler-Toledo GmbH

pH
pH

pH
pH

2016 by Mettler-Toledo GmbH

CH-8902 Urdorf/Switzerland

10

pH
1.1
1.2 pH
1.3 pH
1.3.1 pH
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.4 pH

11
11
13
14
15
17
18
19

2.1 pH
2.2 pH
2.2.1 pH
2.2.2 pH
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.4
2.4.1

20
20
21
21
23
26
30
31
32
32
35
35
39
39

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2

44
44
45
45
47
47
48

pH
-

pH
-

4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2 PTFE
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.2
4.3
4.4 pH
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.4.5 pH
4.4.6 pH
4.4.7 pH
4.4.8
4.4.9 (ISFET) pH
4.4.10
4.5
4.6
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.7
4.7.1 (Ag2S)
4.7.2 (AgCl)
4.7.3
4.7.4
4.8

49
49
49
51
52
52
53
57
58
58
59
60
61
61
62
63
63
64
64
65
65
66
66
66
66
66
67
67
67

pH
5.1 pH
5.2
5.3
5.3.1 (
5.3.2 (pH)
5.3.3 (pH / T)
5.4 pH
5.4.1 pH
5.4.2
5.5 / pH
5.6 pH
5.6.1
5.6.2
5.6.3
5.6.4
5.7
5.7.1
5.7.2
5.7.3
5.7.4
5.8

68
68
69
72
74
75
75
75
77
78
81
82
82
82
83
84
85
85
86
86
87
89

95

pH
-


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
8

pH
-

pH
pH

pH
pH

pH pH

pH
pH
pH
InTrac 776 e

pH

Equithal

PTFE

pH
ARGENTHAL
pH
InPro 200x (i)
InPro 426x (i)
pH
InPro 480x (i)
InPro 325x (i)
InPro 4850 i
pHure Sensor
InPro 3100 (i)

11
11
11
12
12
14
15
16
16
17
18
19
24
25
26
29
34
37
38
40
50
51
52
53
54
57
59
59
60
61
62
62
63
63

 35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

43
44
45
46
47

InPro 3300ISFET pH
64
InPro 4501
64
InPro 4550
65

74
pH
76

76

79
pH pH
pH

81

83

86
pH
87

89
/
90

pH
-

pH

pH pH
pH

pH
pH

pH

Urdorf2013 1

10

pH
-

pH

1.1

(H3O+)
(OH)
pH

H3O+ + OH 2 H2O
1

CH3COOH + H2O CH3COO + H3O+

2

pH

5.2
69

pH = log [aH+]
3

pH

pH
-

11

pH

pH 4
pH
/

4.9 %
0.6 %
(1M)
(0.1M)

0.37 %
0.27 % (0.1M)
(0.1M)

10 11 12

13 14

4%

1.7 % (1M)
0.017 % (0.01M)
0.98 % (0.1M)

0.84 % (0.1M)

pH

pH 7 14
OH pH

NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH

5

pH pH 0
14 0 7 pH 7 14
pH pH 7

12

pH
-

1.2

pH
pH
pH
pH

pH
pH

pH

pH

pH

pH

pH

pH
pH

pH
-

13

pH

1.3

pH
pH
pH

pH
pH
pH
pH H+
/
H+
pH

pH
6
E = E0 + 2.3
6

pH
-

log [aH+]

pH

E =
R =
n =

14

RT
nF

E0 =
T =
F =


pH

pH

7 pH pH

pH pH

1.3.1

pH
pH pH
H+

pH
-

15

pH

SiO3

H+

H+

SiO3
Li+

+
Li+ SiO3
SiO3 Li
Li+
SiO3 SiO3
Li+ Li+
SiO3 SiO3
Li+
SiO3
SiO3 + SiO Li+
Li
3

H+=

H+

(0.20.5 mm)
1000 A (10-4 mm)

H+
pH H+
H+
H+
pH
pH
pH
9

16

pH
-

pH pH

1.3.2

pH

H+

pH
10

10

/
/

5.4 pH
75

pH
-

17

pH

1.3.3

11
pH

pH

pH
pH pH

11 pH pH

18

pH
-

1.4

pH
pH

pH pH
pH

pH

pH

pH

12 pH

pH
-

19

pH

2.1

pH

pH
pH

pH

pH

pH

20

pH
-

pH

2.2

pH

2.2.1

pH
pH

pH

pH 5.6
pH
82
pH

pH

pH

pH

pH
-

21

pH

pH 479.2 5
0.01 pH
p H
pH 2.4
39
pH
pH
0.02 pH

2.3
32

22

pH
-

2.2.2

pH
pH
14

25

pH pH

pH
pH

15

pH

pH
pH
pH

pH

pH pH pH

pH
-

23

pH

pH

13 pH

13 InTrac 776 e

24

pH
-


PVDF

1
2
3
4
5
2
6

14

pH
-

25

pH

2.2.3

pH
pH 15
pH pH
5.6 pH
82

pH

t
pH

15

26

pH
-


2.2.4
30

pH
pH pH pH

pH

pH 2.2.3
26
10 C
0.15 pHpH 3 11 5.6
pH
82

pH pH

pH
IP65

pH

pH
-

27

pH

10 20

28

pH
-

PLC

16

pH
- (ISM)

3
44

pH
-

29

pH

2.2.4

pH 0 mV

pH
pH 7
5.5 / pH
81

0 mV pH 7 pH

pH 2 pH
pH

pH 7
pH

pH

30

pH
-

2.2.5

(NIST) pH DIN 19266

0.02
pH

pH

pH
-

31

pH

2.3

pH

2.3.1

80 C

/
17 34

32

pH
-

/HCl

/HCl

0.1 mol / L NaOH 0.1 mol / L

HCI

15

pH
-

33

pH

17 pH

34

pH
-

2.3.2

2.3.3

pH (0 -14) H+ OH

[H+] [OH] = 10 14 = I (25 C)

pH

pH
-

35

pH

pH
pH /
H +
pH
/

20 C

30 C

0.001mol / L HCI

pH 3.00

pH 3.00

0.001mol / L NaOH

pH 11.17

pH 10.83

pH 7.43

pH 7.40

pH 7.84

pH 7.56

pH

pH

E = E0 2.303 RT / F pHR,F =
E =
E0 =
pH =
F
=
R =
T
=

pH

5.6 pH
82

36

pH
-


(pH 7 = O mV)
18

+mV

Eis
0

pH
7

14

T1

mV

T2

T2 >T1

18

pH

pH = 7 0mV/ 25 C

pH 7

0.1 pH 5.6 pH

82

pH
-

37

pH

/
pH

80C

30C

0.5
pH

Equithal

10

20
t

30

Equithal

Equithal

19 Equithal

pH7 0mV

19 38

38

pH
-

2.4

40

2.4.1

2.2.4
30 5.5 / pH
81

2.2.4

30 5.3
72

pH
-

39

2
1

12

20

40

pH
-

10

>30 mV

Y
11

Y
N

N
N*

N
Y
N

pH
-

41

pH

42

pH
-

<<>>

1 pH

85 % 102 % 30 mVDIN
2.2.4
30 5.5 / pH
81
2 pH

2.3.3

35 5.3
72
3

4 2.3.1
32

5 2.2.3
26
6
2.3.3
35
5.6 pH
82
7
8
85%
9
102%
10 30 mV ( 0.5 pH;
25 C) DIN 30 mV
11

12

pH
-

43

pH

pH

- (ISM)
ISM
ISM
ISM

3.1

pH mV
pH

ISM pH pH pH
pH
/ PLC

ISM ISM

44

pH
-

3.2

ISM
iSense Asset Suite
ISM

3.3

ISM
ISM PLC

pH
-

45

pH

DLI

Dynamic Lifetime Indicator

DLI

Dynamic Lifetime Indicator

TTM
ACT
DLI

Adaptive Calibration Timer

ACT DLI

Time to Maintenance

Adaptive Calibration Timer

Dynamic Lifetime Indicator

Time to Maintenance

ACT

TTM

DLI

pH

ACT

Adaptive Calibration Timer

TTM

Time to Maintenance

00/NN

CIP
CIP
CAL
CAL
CIP/SIP Counter
00/NN

CIP/SIP
CIP/SIP Counter

CIP SIP
Max. C
Days of operation

MAX
MAX
Max.
Max.Temperature/ODI
C
Days of operation

Max. Temperature/ODI

Calibration History

Calibration History

00/NN

CIP
CIP/SIP Counter

Max. C
Days of operation

MAX
Max. Temperature/ODI

CAL
Calibration History

46

pH
-

3.4

iSense Asset Suite ISM

iSense
ISM iSense PC

iSense ISM pH

pH

iSense
ISM

3.4.1

PC
iSense
CIP / SIP
iSense PDF

pH

pH
-

47

pH

3.4.2

ISM pH iSense

CIP/SIP

iSense
(DLI)DLI -
pH
DLI
ISM

DLI iSense

SQL ISM

48

pH
-

pH
pH

pH pH

pH

4.1

4.1.1

pH

-
InPro 325x
21

pH
-

49

pH

21

KCl

AgCl KCl
Ag2S
/ pH

50

pH
-

4.1.2

PTFE
PTFE
PTFE
pH PTFE
- InPro 480x

PTFE
pH

22 PTFE

pH
-

51

pH

4.1.3

Xerolyt EXTRA

23

4.1.4

52

pH
-

pH

pH

pH-

24 pH

- InPro 4850 i pH
pH pH
pH pH
(pNa)

pNa
pH
pH pH pNa

4.2

///

pH
-

53

pH

/
AgCl
Ag / AgCl AgCl
AgCl

ARGENTHAL
ARGENTHAL AgCl
AgCl

AgCl
Ag/AgCl (ARGENTHAL)

Ag+

25 ARGENTHAL

ARGENTHAL

pH

KCl LiCl

54

pH
-

 Ag / AgCl AgCl 25 54
AgCl
AgCl 3mol / L KCl

ARGENTHAL AgCl
AgCl ARGENTHAL
ARGENTHAL
3mol / L KCl
AgCl 3mol / L KCl
Ag+

pH
-

55

pH

ARGENTHAL

ARGENTHAL

3mol / L KCl + H2O

3mol / L KCl + AgCl + H2O

LiCl + /
LiCl +

56

pH
-

4.3

pH

26

pH

pH

26 pH

-
pH

pH
-

57

pH

HA:

pH

LoT:

A41

HF:

1g / L

Na:
-

pH HF
(> 1g / L) pH 5
pH

4.4

pH
pH
pH

4.4.1

58

pH
-

pH
pH

InPro 200x (i)

 27 InPro 200x (i)

4.4.2

pH

pH
pH Xerolyt
Extra- InPro 426x

28 InPro 426x (i)

pH
-

59

pH

4.4.3

pH

- pH

pH

29 pH

60

pH
-

4.4.4

pH /

(PTFE)
- InPro 480x

(SG)

30 InPro 480x (i)

4.4.5

pH

- InPro 325x (i) pH

InPro 325x pH

pH
-

61

pH

31 InPro 325x (i)

4.4.6

pH
pH

pH
- InPro4850 i pH

pH pH

32 InPro 4850 i

62

pH
-

4.4.7

pH
/
/- Thornton pHure
Sensor

33 pHure Sensor

4.4.8

- InPro 3100 UD

34 InPro 3100 (i)

pH
-

63

pH

4.4.9

(ISFET) pH
ISFET pH
- InPro 3300
pH (ISFET)
130 C 6 bar
(PED 97)
45 pH

35 InPro 3300ISFET pH

4.4.10

- InPro 4501/ 4550

PVDF PPS
NPT

36 InPro 4501

64

pH
-

 37 InPro 4550

4.5

pH

4.6

pH
pH pH
pH

pH
-

65

pH

4.6.1

3mol / L KCl pH4 pH7

4.6.2

pH 4
0.1mol / L HCl

pH

4.7

pH

66

4.7.1

(Ag2S)

8 % 0.1mol / L HCl

4.7.2

(AgCl)

AgCl

pH
-

4.7.3

/HCI 5 % 0.1 mol/L HCl

4.7.4

0.1mol / L
HCl

4.8

pH

1 2
pH
pH
pH

pH
-

67

pH

pH
pH
pH pH
pH

5.1

pH
Sorenson pH H3O+
pH = log [aH+]
H3O+ pH
pH

pH H+ pH
IUPAC oxonium (H3O+)
H+ + H2O H3O+

2 H2O H3O+ + OH

68

pH
-

 Kw
Kw =

[H3O+] [OH]
= [H3O+] [OH] = 10 14 (25 C)
[H2O]

Kw H3O+ OH
[H3O+] [OH] 10 7mol / LpH
7 H 3 O + pH pH
10 3mol / L H3O+ [OH] = 10 11mol / L pH
3
pH

5.2

pH
pH

(aH+) (H+)
b = mol / kg
c = mol / L

aH+ = H+ bH+
aH+ = bH+

pH
-

69

pH

(T)
(I) (z)
(d)

pH xH+

log xH+ =

0.5 I
1 + 3 I

I = ci zi2
pH zi
1

70

pH
-

0.001

0.005

0.01

0.967294 0.935044 0.915247

0.05

0.1

0.857205

0.829586

 0.01mol / L HCl pH

0.01mol / L HCl

0.09mol / L KCl
0.01mol / L HCl

pH = log (bH+ xH+)

= log (0.01 0.915)
= log (9.15 10 3)
= 2.04

pH = log (bH+ xH+)

= log (0.01 0.829)
= log (0.829 10 3)
= 2.08

pH
0.04 pH H+
pH

m H +
H+
H+
200

aH+ = xH+ mH+ bH+

pH

pH
-

71

pH

5.3

pH
pH pH
pH
pH

HA H+ + A
A
HA
(A )

HA H+ A H+
HA A

pH

72

pH
-


Ka =

[H+] [A ]
[HA]

[A ]
1
1

=
[H+]
Ka
[HA]

1
1
[A ]
log + = log
+ log
[H ]
Ka
[HA]

log

1
= log [H+] = pH
[H+]

log

1
= log Ka = pKa
Ka

[A ]
pH = pKa + log
[HA]
-
[A ] = [HA]
pH
pH = pKa
pKa

pH
-

73

pH

5.3.1

pH
pH = pKa
pH = pKa 1
(CH3COOH)
( 38) OH pKa 4.8
pH
pH pH

pH=pKa [A ]=[HA] pH 4.8

pH

pH

4.8

[A]/[HA]

38

/
CO2

74

pH
-

5.3.2

(pH)

pH
pH
pH

5.3.3

(pH / T)
pH H+
pH
pH

5.4

pH
1.3 pH
14 pH
pH
7 15

pH
E
E
E = E0 + 2.3

RT
nF

log aH+

6 14

pH
-

75

pH

(SHE) (NHE)
SHE SHE aH+ =
1.0 1 bar
E0 aH+ = 1 2.3 RT / nF (EN)
pH H+ pH
EN T
39

EN (mV) / pH

0 C

EN = 54.2 mV / pH

25 C

EN = 59.2 mV / pH

50 C

EN = 64.1 mV / pH

39 pH

E
40

E
E4

E3
E2
E1

40

76

pH
-

E5
E6

5.4.1

pH
pH
E1 pH E1
pH E2-E6
pH
E6
pH

pH
E2E3E4 E5 40
76
pH E1 pH
8
16
pH pH
pH 40 76 E2

H+

Li + pH
40 76
E3
pH E3 pH (E4)

pH
-

77

pH

5.4.2

pH (E1-E4)
pH
(E5-E6)

E5
/
/

E6

(E6 / Ediff )

Ediff
pH
Ediff

78

pH
-

H+ OH

41
25 C 10 4 cm2 / s V
H+

36.25

4.01

Li

Na
+

20.64

5.74

5.19

Cl

7.62

NO3

7.62

NH4

OH

7.91
7.41

CH3COO

4.24

Na+

1
CI

41

pH
-

79

pH

1 2
Cl Na+

Ediff pH

Ediff
pH

KCI
KNO3 41 79
pH
25 C

80

pH
-

pH

KCl

HCl (1mol / L)

Ediff = + 14.1 mV

0.238 pH

KCl

NaOH (1mol / L)

Ediff = 8.6 mV

0.145 pH

 pH

/ pH
pH
(mV)
(mV / pH)

pH
7.00 pH
pH 4.01 9.21 10.00

0 mVpH 7.00 mV
59.16mV / pH25 C

= 59.16 mV/pH
9 mV

pH

pH

mV

= 57.8 mV/pH

5.5

mV

42 pH pH pH

pH
-

81

pH

5.6

pH

5.6.1

pH

pH mV pH

E = E0 + 2.3

RT
nF

log aH+

, (T)
E = E0 0.198 T pH

pH
5.6.2

E1 E6

(pH7.00 / 0mV)
pH E1 E6

pH 7
0.1 pH
pH
43

82

pH
-

mV

14

pH

T1

T2

43

5.6.3

pH

pH pH

pH
-

83

pH

5.6.4

pH
pH
pH

0 C 100 C
1.34 pH Kw

()

1

pKs
H+
pH
/

84

pH
-


pH

20 C

30 C

0.001mol / L HCl

3.00

3.00

0.001mol / L NaOH

11.17

10.83

7.43

7.40

7.84

7.56

pH

pH

5.7

5.7.1

pH H+
pH H+
H+

pH
-

85

pH

pH (pH > 9)
pH
44

5.7.2

H+
pH
pH 44

mV

pH

14
44

5.7.3

KCl

Hg2+, Ag+, Pb2+, CIO4

86

pH
-

(Ediff) pH

5.7.4

5% pH
pH
pH pH 0 pH 14
pH

H+
pH 45 87
pH

14

21

28 pH

45 pH

pH
-

87

pH

pH
pH
pH pH
pH pH

pH

88

pH
-

5.8

46

pH

pH pH 4 7

pH
-

89

pH

pH 4 20 mA

4 mA

47 /

pH
1 2
1

90

pH
-

pH

pH

2 3
pH
3 3 2

IP65
10C + 50C
IEC

0.005 pH

pH
-

91

pH

92

pH
-

dE/dT < 25 10 6V / C
Rin
> 1012 Ohm
< 10 12 A
lb

Rin
= 1012 Ohm
lb
= 0.5 10 12 A (25 C);
lb 2.8 10 12 A (50 C)
dE/dT = 20 10 6 V / C
RM
= 500 106 Ohm

Ein

RM
Rin
EG

Ein =

Rin
EG
RM + Rin

RM
(pHi pHa) Rin > RM
Rin
pH
~

RM:
EG:
pHa = 4
0.002 pH
Rin 1012 Ohm

pH
-

93

pH

25 C 50 C

Ein
RM

Ib

Ein = RM Ib
= 1.15 mV
= 0.018 pH

dE
T
E =
dT

T = 25 C

E = 500 10 6 V = 0.008 pH
= 0.033 pH

94

pH
-

a
b

F
I
pHa
pK
R
S
T
Ediff
Eel
E0
EN
v
z

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

mol / kg

(96485 A s mol1)

pH
pH
(8.3143 Nm K1 mol1)
mV/pH
(K)

pH
-

95

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