ENERGY

AND
POWER

Learning Objectives:
Define kinetic energy and potential energy,
along with the appropriate units in each
system.
Describe the relationship between work and
kinetic energy, and apply the WORKENERGY THEOREM.
Define and apply the concept of POWER,
along with the appropriate units.

Energy
Energy is anything that can be converted into work; i.e., anything that can
exert a force through a distance.

Energy is the capability for doing work.

Forms of Energy
1. Mechanical

4. Radiant

2. Electrical

5. Nuclear

3. Chemical

6. Heat

Forms of Mechanical Energy

1. Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy: Ability to do work by
virtue of motion. (Mass with velocity)
A speeding car
or a space rocket

Recall:

This changes the integration variable from

x to v, so we change the limits from x1 and
x2 to the corresponding velocities v 1 and v2.
Where the quantity mv2 = kinetic energy(K)
Work-energy theorem
- the work done by the net force on a
particle equals the change in the

2. Potential Energy
Potential Energy: Ability to do work by virtue
of position or condition.

A.ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY

Energy possessed by a stretched or compressed spring.

POWER (P)
The definition of power makes no reference to the
passage of time. But in many situations, the time it
takes to do work is just as important as the amount of
work that is done. And the amount of work done per unit
time is what we called power.
The rate of doing work.

Average Power:

Instantaneous Power:
The rate at which work is done might not be constant.
Therefore instantaneous power can be defined as the limit of
the quotient (W/t)
as t 0.

Units of Power
One watt (W) is work done at the rate of
one joule per second.
1 W = 1 J/s and 1 kW = 1000 W

One ft lb/s is an older (USCS) unit of

power.

One horsepower is work done at the rate

of 550 ft lb/s. ( 1 hp = 550 ft lb/s )

Conservation of Energy:
Energy is a conserved quantity
Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but
converted from one form to another
Thus, the total mechanical energy of a
system can be described as follows:
Einitial = Efinal

Kinitial + Uinitial + Wother = Kfinal + Ufinal

SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
1. A block of ice with a mass of 10.00 kg is initially
at rest on a frictionless, horizontal surface. A
worker then applies a horizontal force F on it. As
a result, the block moves along the x-axis such
that its position as a function of time is given by
x(t)= t2 + t3 where = 0.250 m/s2 and
= 0.0250 m/s3. Calculate the
A. velocity of the object when t = 5.00 s?
B. magnitude of F when t = 5.00 s?
C.work done by F during the first 5 seconds of
the motion.

2. How many horsepower will be needed to move a 1400

kg car up an 8o incline with a constant speed of 25 km/h
if the coefficient of kinetic friction between the tires and
the incline is 0.23?
3. A 15kg block initially at rest is pulled to the right along a
horizontal smooth surface by constant horizontal force of
100 N.
A. Find the velocity of the block after it moves a distance
of 12 meters.
B. If the surface is rough and the coefficient of kinetic
friction is 0.25, what would be the speed of the block
at the same point?

3. A 5.0 kg pumpkin initially at rest is dropped from the

roof of a 20-meter tall building. What is the speed of the
pumpkin as it hits the ground?
4. A block with mass of 0.5 kg is forced against a horizontal
spring of negligible mass, compressing the spring a
distance of 0.20 m. When released, the block moves on a
horizontal tabletop for 1 meter before coming to rest. The
spring constant is 100 N/m. What is the coefficient of
kinetic friction between the block and the tabletop?

5. A 15-kg block is pulled up a ramp

12 meters long and 3.0 meters
high by a constant force of 120 N.
If the box starts from rest and has
a speed of 2 m/s at the top. What
is the force of friction between the
block and the ramp?

6. Consider the system at the

right. The rope and pulley
have negligible mass, and
the pulley is frictionless.
Initially, the 6.0kg block is
moving downward and the
8.0kg block is moving to the
right, both with a speed of
0.950 m/s. the blocks come
to rest after moving 5.0
meters. Use the work-energy
theorem to calculate the
coefficient of kinetic friction
between the 8.0 kg block and
the table top.

END
OF
LESSON