Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts

for an extended period of time (i.e., decades to millions of years). Climate change may refer to a
change in average weather conditions, or in the time variation of weather around longer-term
average conditions (i.e., more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change is caused by
factors such as biotic processes, variations in solar radiationreceived by Earth, plate tectonics,
and volcanic eruptions. Certain human activities have also been identified as significant causes of
recent climate change, often referred to as global warming.[1]
Scientists actively work to understand past and future climate by usingobservations and theoretical
models. A climate recordextending deep into the Earth's pasthas been assembled, and
continues to be built up, based on geological evidence from borehole temperature profiles, cores
removed from deep accumulations of ice, floral and faunal records, glacial and periglacialprocesses,
stable-isotope and other analyses of sediment layers, and records of past sea levels. More recent
data are provided by the instrumental record.General circulation models, based on the physical
sciences, are often used in theoretical approaches to match past climate data, make future
projections, and link causes and effects in climate change.
Contents

1Terminology

2Climatic Change versus Climate Change

3Causes
3.1Internal forcing mechanisms

3.1.1Ocean variability

3.1.2Life
3.2External forcing mechanisms

3.2.1Orbital variations

3.2.2Solar output

3.2.3Volcanism

3.2.4Plate tectonics

3.2.5Human influences
4Physical evidence

4.1Temperature measurements and proxies

4.2Historical and archaeological evidence

4.3Glaciers

4.4Arctic sea ice loss

4.5Vegetation

4.6Pollen analysis

4.7Cloud cover and precipitation

4.8Dendroclimatology

4.9Ice cores

4.10Animals

4.11Sea level change

5See also

6Notes

7References

8Further reading

9External links

Terminology
See also: Global warming Etymology
The most general definition of climate change is a change in the statistical properties (principally
its mean and spread)[2] of the climate system when considered over long periods of time, regardless
of cause.[3] Accordingly, fluctuations over periods shorter than a few decades, such as El Nio, do not
represent climate change.
The term sometimes is used to refer specifically to climate change caused by human activity, as
opposed to changes in climate that may have resulted as part of Earth's natural processes. [4] In this
sense, especially in the context ofenvironmental policy, the term climate change has become
synonymous with anthropogenic global warming. Within scientific journals, global warming refers to
surface temperature increases while climate change includes global warming and everything else
that increasing greenhouse gas levels affect.[5]

Climatic Change versus Climate Change

Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts
for an extended period of time (i.e., decades to millions of years). Climate change may refer to a
change in average weather conditions, or in the time variation of weather around longer-term
average conditions (i.e., more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change is caused by
factors such as biotic processes, variations in solar radiationreceived by Earth, plate tectonics,
and volcanic eruptions. Certain human activities have also been identified as significant causes of
recent climate change, often referred to as global warming.[1]
Scientists actively work to understand past and future climate by usingobservations and theoretical
models. A climate recordextending deep into the Earth's pasthas been assembled, and
continues to be built up, based on geological evidence from borehole temperature profiles, cores
removed from deep accumulations of ice, floral and faunal records, glacial and periglacialprocesses,
stable-isotope and other analyses of sediment layers, and records of past sea levels. More recent
data are provided by the instrumental record.General circulation models, based on the physical
sciences, are often used in theoretical approaches to match past climate data, make future
projections, and link causes and effects in climate change.
Contents

1Terminology

2Climatic Change versus Climate Change

3Causes
3.1Internal forcing mechanisms

3.1.1Ocean variability

3.1.2Life
3.2External forcing mechanisms

3.2.1Orbital variations

3.2.2Solar output

3.2.3Volcanism

3.2.4Plate tectonics

3.2.5Human influences

4Physical evidence
o

4.1Temperature measurements and proxies

4.2Historical and archaeological evidence

4.3Glaciers

4.4Arctic sea ice loss

4.5Vegetation

4.6Pollen analysis

4.7Cloud cover and precipitation

4.8Dendroclimatology

4.9Ice cores

4.10Animals

4.11Sea level change

5See also

6Notes

7References

8Further reading

9External links

Terminology
See also: Global warming Etymology
The most general definition of climate change is a change in the statistical properties (principally
its mean and spread)[2] of the climate system when considered over long periods of time, regardless
of cause.[3] Accordingly, fluctuations over periods shorter than a few decades, such as El Nio, do not
represent climate change.
The term sometimes is used to refer specifically to climate change caused by human activity, as
opposed to changes in climate that may have resulted as part of Earth's natural processes. [4] In this
sense, especially in the context ofenvironmental policy, the term climate change has become
synonymous with anthropogenic global warming. Within scientific journals, global warming refers to

surface temperature increases while climate change includes global warming and everything else
that increasing greenhouse gas levels affect.[5]

Climatic Change versus Climate Change

Project Tiger is a conservation programme launched in 1973 by the Government of

Indiaduring Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's tenure. The project aims at ensuring a viable population
of Bengal tigers in their natural habitats and also to protect them from extinction, and preserving
areas of biological importance as a natural heritage forever represented as close as possible the
diversity of animals across the tiger's distribution in the country. The project's task force visualized
these tiger reserves as breeding nuclei, from which surplus animals would migrate to adjacent
forests. The Funds and commitment were mastered to support the intensive program of habitat
protection and rehabilitation under the project.[1] The government has also set up a Tiger Protection
Force to combatpoachers and funded relocation of villagers to minimize human-tiger conflicts. It has
been supported by various organizations.
During the tiger census of 2006, a new methodology was used extrapolating site-specific densities of
tigers, their co-predators and prey derived from camera trap and sign surveys using GIS. Based on
the result of these surveys, the total tiger population has been estimated at 1,411 individuals ranging
from 1,165 to 1,657 adult and sub-adult tigers of more than 1.5 years of age. [2] Owing to the project,
the number of tigers has improved to 2,226 as per the latest census report released on January 20,
2015.[3]
Contents
[hide]

1Objectives

2Management

3Controversies and problems

4See also

5References

6External links

Objectives[edit]

Bengal tiger

Project Tiger's main aim was to:

Limit factors that leads to reduction of tiger habitats and to mitigate them by suitable
management. The damages done to the habitat were to be rectified so as to facilitate the
recovery of the ecosystem to the maximum possible extent.

To ensure a viable population of tigers for economic, scientific, cultural,aesthetic and

ecological values.

Tiger hunt by Rufus Isaacs, formerViceroy of British India

The Indian tiger population at the turn of the 20th century was estimated at 20,000 to 40,000
individuals. The first country-wide tiger census conducted in 1972 estimated the population to
comprise a little more than 1,800 individuals, an alarming reduction in tiger population. [1]
In 1973, the project was launched in the Palamau Tiger Reserve.