Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Cuvinte
cheie:
Autonomie,
mecanism
economic-financiar, sistem financiar, prghii
financiare, metode administrative de conducere,
cadrul instituional i cadrul juridic
Keywords:
Autonomy,
economic-financial
mechanism, financial system, financial levers,
administrative methods of leadership, the
institutional and juridical framework
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STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS PETRU MAIOR, SERIES OECONOMICA, FASCICULUS 1, anul II, 2008, ISSN 1843-1127
INTRODUCERE
1 INTRODUCTION
beginning
of
the
millennium
can
be
autonomia,
circumscris
economic, al crei scop trebuie s-l reprezinte o is included in the economic phenomenon and its
mai bun funcionare a mecanismului economic purpose is a better working of the economicfinanciar.
financial mechanism.
Mecanismul economicfinanciar este dependent de The autonomy has an important role in the
existena unei autonomii manifestate prin deciziile multitude of the directions to follow. The
tuturor factorilor de la nivelul autoritilor publice autonomy is included in the economic phenomenon
locale.
Pentru a pune n eviden interdependena dintre economic-financial mechanism. The economicconceptele autonomie i mecanism economic- financial mechanism depends on the existence of
financiar, este necesar o prezentare a coninutului autonomy manifested through all the decisions of
acestora.
Autonomia este un drept (al unui stat, al unei order to underline the interdependence between the
regiuni, al unei naionaliti sau al unei minoriti autonomy and the economic-financial mechanism,
naionale etc.), de a se administra singur, n cadrul we need a presentation of its substance.
unui stat condus de o putere central; Situaie a The autonomy is a right (of a state, region,
celui care nu depinde de nimeni, care are deplin nationality,
national
minority
etc.)
of
relaiile
dintre
unitile
economice
ntr-o
The
decizional a acestora[2]
76
economic
autonomy
characterizes
the
Gheorghe GAVRILA
Se poate vorbi de autonomie economic limitat n exchange economy, underlining the decisional
cazul unitilor economice aflate n proprietate independence of those relations [2]. We can speak
public, unde autoritatea public ia deciziile cu about limited economic autonomy, in the case of
caracter
strategic
privind
dezvoltarea
Pentru exercitarea dreptului este nevoie de un decisions regarding the development and the
mecanism, care s faciliteze funcionarea normal a upgrading of these units. For the rights practicing
acestuia.
Mecanismul
economic
reprezint ansamblul metodelor i instrumentelor functioning. The new built economic mechanism
de conducere i/sau reglare, de ctre factori de represents the sum of all methods and instruments
conducere societali a funcionrii economiei of leadership and/or adjustment, by the leadership
naionale, mpreun cu obiectivele ce guverneaz societal
factors
of
the
national
economys
aceast conducere i/sau reglare i ntregul sistem functioning, together with the objectives that
organizaional
prin
intermediul
cruia
efectueaz[3].
Mecanismul realizat este chemat s ndeplineasc implements this [3]. The mechanism must fulfill
mai multe funcii [4] ntre care un loc deosebit some functions [4] the leadership and adjustment
ocup funcia de conducere i reglare a proceselor function of the economic processes in conformity
economice n concordan cu interesele naionale. with the national interests. This function consists in
Aceast funcie const n repartizarea resurselor the allocation of economic resources, based on the
economice, pe baza soluiilor alternative, pe alternative solutions, to the destinations esteemed
destinaiile apreciate ca fiind n concordan cu as being in conformity with the needs of the time
cerinele perioadei i cu interesele naionale.
economys
functioning
mechanism
includes
a) sistemul financiar;
b) prghii financiare;
d) cadrul instituional;
e) cadrul juridic.
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STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS PETRU MAIOR, SERIES OECONOMICA, FASCICULUS 1, anul II, 2008, ISSN 1843-1127
Aceste
componente
sunt
realizate
printr-o
2 AUTONOMIA N CADRUL
SISTEMULUI FINANCIAR
2 AUTONOMY AS A PART OF
THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM
Sistemul financiar privit ca ansamblul de relaii The Financial system regarded as economic
economice[5] este alctuit din:
bugetele locale;
local budgets;
asigurrilor sociale;
dispoziia ntreprinderilor.
Toate aceste relaii sunt funcionale, mai bine sau All these relations are efficient due to the
mai puin bine, datorit autonomiei care se autonomy which is present in the role, the
manifest
responsabilitile
rolul,
competenele
autoritilor
administraiilor administrations[6]:
condiii de echilibru bugetar, la termenele i at the terms and provisions established by law.
potrivit prevederilor stabilite prin lege;
laws circumstances;
78
Gheorghe GAVRILA
c) urmrirea i raportarea execuiei bugetelor
budgets
bugetar;
e)administrarea
proprietatea
eficient
public
bunurilor
privat
implementation,
as
well
as
their
administrativ-teritoriale;
externe, pe termen scurt, mediu i lung, i loans and pursuit of payment obligations of falling
urmrirea achitrii la scaden a obligaiilor de due;
plat rezultate din acestea;
g)garantarea de mprumuturi interne i externe, pe term loans, medium-term loans, long-term loans
termen scurt, mediu i lung, i urmrirea achitrii la and the pursuit of payment on falling due of
scaden a obligaiilor de plat rezultate din obligations resulted from these loans, by the
mprumuturile respective de ctre beneficiari;
h)administrarea
fondurilor
publice
locale
beneficiary;
pe h) the administration of local public funds during
eficien;
efficiency;
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STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS PETRU MAIOR, SERIES OECONOMICA, FASCICULUS 1, anul II, 2008, ISSN 1843-1127
3 AUTONOMIA N CADRUL
PRGHIILOR ECONOMICE
FINANCIARE
Prghiile
economico-financiare
3 AUTONOMY AS A PART OF
ECONOMIC FINANCIAL LEVERS
[7]
instrumente cu ajutorul crora statul (autoritile which help the state (the local authorities) to arouse
locale), acioneaz pentru stimularea interesului the economic interest of a determined community
economic al unei colectiviti determinate sau al or of its individuals taken in private in order to
membrilor acesteia luai n mod individual pentru fulfill an objective. The levers are achieved through
realizarea unui obiectiv. Prghiile n cauz se the autonomy in establishing the incomes and the
realizeaz prin autonomia stabilirii veniturilor i expenses. The local budgetary incomes consist in:
cheltuielilor.
Veniturile
bugetare
locale
constituie din:
a) venituri proprii, formate din: impozite, taxe, from the income tax;
contribuii, alte vrsminte, alte venituri si cote b) sums deducted from some incomes of the state
defalcate din impozitul pe venit;
budget;
b) sume defalcate din unele venituri ale bugetului c) subsidies received from the state budget and
de stat;
other budgets;
d) donaii i sponsorizri.
Fundamentarea veniturilor bugetelor locale se matter and of taxations base, depending on which
bazeaz pe constatarea i evaluarea materiei we calculate the duties and afferent taxes, the
impozabile i a bazei de impozitare n funcie de assessment of carried out services and of obtained
care se calculeaz impozitele i taxele aferente, incomes. The substantiation of the local budgets
evaluarea serviciilor prestate i a veniturilor incomes is also based on other specific elements,
obinute din acestea, precum i pe alte elemente including series of data, in order to assess correctly
specifice, inclusiv pe serii de date, n scopul the incomes.
evalurii corecte a veniturilor.
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Gheorghe GAVRILA
programe, proiecte, obiective, se efectueaz n accordance with the local public administrations
concordana cu atribuiile ce revin autoritilor obligations, with the priorities established by this
administraiei publice locale, cu prioritile stabilite administration, with the view of their performance
de acestea, n vederea funcionarii lor i n interesul and in the interest of the local communities.
colectivitilor locale respective.
Trecerea de ctre Guvern n administrarea i the administration and financing of local public
finanarea autoritilor administraiei publice locale authorities, as a result of the decentralization of
a
unor
cheltuieli
publice,
ca
urmare
descentralizrii unor activiti, precum i a altor expenses it is performed only with the assurance of
cheltuieli publice noi se face, numai cu asigurarea the necessary financial resources.
resurselor financiare necesare realizrii acestora.
METODELOR ADMINISTRATIVE DE
CONDUCERE
4 AUTONOMIA N CADRUL
a) elaborarea de prognoze, de planuri sau programe a)the elaboration of economic prognosis, economic
economice;
b) exercitarea controlului financiar de ctre organe b)the practice of economic control by the states
specializate ale statului;
specialized organs;
c) supravegherea i coordonarea de ctre autoritatea c)the supervision and management by the public
public a operaiilor import-export;
d) reglementarea de ctre stat a mprumuturilor d)the settlement by the state of the public loans and
of currency policy
publice i a regimului valutar.
Un rol important l are elaborarea bugetelor de The settlement of budget by the credit chief
accountants has an important role. They have in
principalilor
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STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS PETRU MAIOR, SERIES OECONOMICA, FASCICULUS 1, anul II, 2008, ISSN 1843-1127
pentru care se elaboreaz proiectul de buget, social indicators for the budgetary year for which it
precum i pentru urmtorii 3 ani, elaborate de is elaborated the budget project, as well as for the
organele abilitate;
organs;
de
detaliate
e) the
detailed
expenses
proposals
of
the
anual
performanelor
program, care trebuie sa precizeze: aciunile, performance which has to specify: the actions,
costurile asociate, obiectivele urmrite, rezultatele associated costs, pursued objectives, obtained
obinute i estimate pentru anii urmtori, msurate results and results estimated for the next years,
prin indicatori precii, a cror alegere este results measured through precise indicators which
justificat;
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Gheorghe GAVRILA
5 AUTONOMIA CADRULUI
INSTITUTIONAL
Cadrul instituional l reprezint instituiile care The institutional framework is represented by the
pun n practic i n acelai timp supravegheaz institutions which practice and also supervise the
modul de funcionare a autonomiei n cadrul way of functioning of the autonomy as a part of the
mecanismului
economic-financiar
la
ai
Prefecturile;
Ministerului
Consiliile
such
as:
the
territorial
Finanelor
judeene;
level,
Curtea
Conturi;etc.
Accounts; etc.
Cadrul juridic l reprezint legislaia n materie, The juridical framework is represented by the
respectiv:
Constituia
administraiei
publice
Romniei;
locale
republicat
(M.Of.
123/20.02.2007);
nr.273/2006
privind
finanele
(M.Of.618/2006);
Legea
publice
nr.213/1998
proprietatea public i regimul juridic al acesteia, public propriety and its juridical policy, etc, where
etc, unde prin autonomie local se nelege we understand by local autonomy the effective
dreptul i capacitatea efectiv a autoritilor right
and
capacity
of
the
local
public
administraiei publice locale de a soluiona i de a administration to manage the public affairs in the
gestiona, n numele i n interesul colectivitilor name and in the interest of local communities,
locale
pe
care
publice,...[10].
le
reprezint,
continuare
se
autonomia local este numai administrativ i organization, the performance, the competences
financiar i privete organizarea, funcionarea, and responsibilities as well as the management of
competenele i atribuiile, precum i gestionarea resources which, according to the law, belong to
resurselor care, potrivit legii, aparin comunei, the commune, town, or district. In the juridical
oraului, municipiului sau judeului dup caz. n frameworks context, we can affirm that the
contextul
cadrului
juridic
putem
afirma
autonomia nu se oprete doar la administrativ i and financial domain; it goes on with the cultural
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STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS PETRU MAIOR, SERIES OECONOMICA, FASCICULUS 1, anul II, 2008, ISSN 1843-1127
autoritile
administraiei
institutions,
as
well
as
the
acestora, precum i serviciile publice deconcentrate deconcentrated public services assure the use of the
asigur folosirea, n raporturile cu acesteia, i a maternal language.
limbii materne. Ct privete delimitarea teritorial The territorial delimitation of the communes, cities,
a comunelor, oraelor, municipiilor i judeelor, districts is established by law, respectively by the
aceasta se stabilete prin lege, n cazul de fa de Law no.213|1998, republished, regarding the
Legea nr.2131998 republicat, privind proprietatea private propriety and its juridical policy, where the
public i regimul juridic al acesteia, unde sunt constituent elements of the communes, cities,
nominalizate
elementele
componente
2. pieele publice, comerciale, trgurile, oboarele markets, fairs and public open spaces, as well as
i parcurile publice, precum i zonele de agrement;
3. lacurile i plajele care nu sunt declarate de 3. lakes and beaches which are of public, national,
interes public naional sau judeean;
district interest;
4. reelele de alimentare cu ap, canalizare, 4. water supplies, sewerage, heat system, stations
termoficare, staiile de tratare i epurare a apelor of treatment and depuration of used waters, with
uzate, cu instalaiile, construciile i terenurile the afferent installations, constructions, settings;
aferente;
5. terenurile i cldirile n care i desfoar the mayoralty caries on their activity, as well as the
activitatea consiliul local i primria, precum i public institutions of local interest: theatres,
instituiile publice de interes local, cum sunt: libraries, museums, hospitals, policlinics and
teatrele,
bibliotecile,
muzeele,
spitalele, others;
6. social lodgings;
6. locuinele sociale;
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Gheorghe GAVRILA
8. bogiile de orice natur ale subsolului, n declared of public national interest;
stare de zcmnt, dac nu au fost declarate de 9. lands with forestry destination, if they dont
interes public naional;
9. terenurile cu destinaie forestier, daca nu fac not the propriety of natural persons, or of juristic
parte din domeniul privat al statului i dac nu sunt persons of private right;
proprietatea persoanelor fizice ori a persoanelor 10. town and communal graveyards.
juridice de drept privat;
10. cimitirele oreneti i comunale.
7 CONCLUZII:
7 CONCLUSIONS:
Din cele prezentate rezult c sistemul financiar, From the information presented above, results that
prghiile
economice
financiare,
methods
of
leadership,
the
cadrul juridic la nivelul autoritilor publice locale institutional and juridical framework at the level of
funcioneaz pe principiul autonomiei locale. ntre the local public authorities functions on the
elementele componente mecanismului economic principle of local autonomy.
financiar i autonomie exist o interdependen de Between the components of the economic-financial
care depinde n cea mai mare msur buna mechanism and autonomy there is interdependence.
funcionare a autoritilor publice locale.
international community.
ntr-o asemenea viziune globalist, ansamblul In such a globalizing vision, the aggregate obtains
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STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS PETRU MAIOR, SERIES OECONOMICA, FASCICULUS 1, anul II, 2008, ISSN 1843-1127
dobndete
proprieti
componentele
nu
le
sau
nsuiri
posed.
pe
Prin
fenomenul globalizrii poate fi distructiv sau Thus, the globalization phenomenon can be
constructiv
autonomiei,
presupune
creterea
deoarece
interconexiunilor
societi, astfel nct evenimentele care se petrec connexions between societies that the events spent
ntr-o anumit parte a lumii influeneaz ntr-o mai in a part of the world affect the communities from
mare msur colectivitile situate la mare distan, another part of the world.
ntr-o alt parte a lumii. Societile i colectivitile The human societies and communities are affected
umane sunt afectate ntr-o tot mai extins i, severely by the events produced in other societies
totodat, tot mai profund manier de evenimentele and communities.
ce se produc n alte societi i comuniti.
BIBLIOGRAFIE:
86