ACCION PUBLICIANA / ACCION REINVIDICATORIA

CASE DIGEST CIV PRO:

Statement of the Case: This is a case of an ordinary appeal emanating from the CA
to the SC. The petitioners are Fernanda Geonzon Vda. De Barrera and Johnny Oco, Jr. The
Respondents Are Heirs of Vicente Legaspi, Represented By Pedro Legaspi
Facts:
Oco entered a parcel of land occupied by Legaspi and has tended the same since
then. Legaspi seeks reconveyance of the said property. Petitioners contend that the
property is registered in the name of Andrea Lacson who sold the property Geonzon
and eventually, to them. Petitioners invoke ownership over the property.
Respondents, on the other hand, occupies the property and has not filed any action
to recover their claim for ownership thereto on the ground that their possession was
undisturbed. Petitioners contend that they are the owners of the property as a
defense and at the same time, assail the jurisdiction of the court over the parcel of
the subject matter the land assessed at only Php 11,160.
Issue/s: Does the RTC has jurisdiction over the complaint filed by respondents, and all the
proceedings therein?
Ruling: No, the RTC has no jurisdiction over the complaint filed by respondents, all the
proceedings therein as well as the Decision of November 27, 1998, are null and void. Section 33 of
Batas Pambansa Bilang 129, (the Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980), as amended by Republic
Act No. 7691 provides for the jurisdiction of metropolitan trial courts, municipal trial courts and
municipal circuit trial courts, to wit:
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(3) Exclusive original jurisdiction in all civil actions which involve title to, or possession of, real
property, or any interest therein where the assessed value of the property or interest therein does
not exceed Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000.00) or, in civil actions in Metro Manila, where such
assessed value does not exceed Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) exclusive of interest, damages
of whatever kind, attorneys fees, litigation expenses and costs: Provided, That in cases of land not
declared for taxation purposes, the value of such property shall be determined by the assessed
value of the adjacent lots.
The first level courts thus have exclusive original jurisdiction over accion publiciana and accion
reivindicatoria where the assessed value of the real property does not exceed the aforestated
amounts. Accordingly, the jurisdictional element is the assessed value of the property. The subject
land has an assessed value of P11,160 as reflected in Tax Declaration No. 7565. The case,
therefore, falls within the exclusive original jurisdiction of the municipal trial court.