Sharon Itelia

Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

Single camera Drama

A production using single camera format is generally used with just one camera
and is mostly used in dramas; EastEnders, also used in comedies and
documents. Each shot and camera angle is taken by the one camera unlike a
multi-camera format, where there is a camera for every angle and shot needed
in a particular scene, which they are then switched to show these different
perspectives. Using a single camera is cheaper and easier than using multicamera, because using a single camera it would be easier for editing whereas
using multi- camera you would have to use several SD cards to edit a film, but
using multi-camera its much better than single because it makes the film run
smoothly.
There is a difference between using multi-camera and single camera. The
multi-camera method used for film making and video production involves two
or more cameras running simultaneously from start to finish with no
interruptions. This method is used to record many program formats such as talk
shows, concerts, soap operas, sports events and many more. The benefits of
using a single camera is that it is time saving and the editing would not be a
hassle. Whereas using a single camera you only uses one camera for film
making, with cuts in between.
The advantages and disadvantages of using a single camera set-up.
The advantages of single camera set up is that it is cheaper, therefore less
camera operators are needed. Secondly it is simple, when using a multi-camera
technique it can be difficult to place cameras where lighting wont affect the
shot. Finally another advantage is that its realistic, the lighting and sound can
be edited in every shot, and therefore it makes everything look more realistic.
The disadvantages of using a single camera set-up is that you can only get one
angle at a time, which makes the film production longer, also it makes the film
less realistic, as one actor gets filmed at a time, the reactions are not as natural.
Finally when filming with a single camera there would be a lot of repetition,
you will have to repeat the same shot 3 times to get each angle as you can only
get one at a time.
When recording a single camera production the filming could seem as being
easy, because you are using one camera it would be easier to shoot everything
on that one camera for when it comes to editing, but like before the
disadvantage is that it would be longer because you will have to shoot the film
3 times, also you need to have a short descent dialogue. When editing the film
it would be a bit difficult because you have only used one camera therefore it is
going to find time to find the right videos next to each other, editing with one
camera is going to be way longer than editing with multi-camera.

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

The type of programmes that use single camera set-ups are; The Pacific, X
Files, True Blood, Sex and the City, Peep Show, Shutter Island, The Beach, The
Tourist, Run Fat boy Run, lost and C.S.I.
The type of programmes that use multi-camera set-up are listed below. These
type of programmes use multi-camera set up because it makes it easier for
editing for example: Hollyoaks, Friends, Bad Boys 2, Scrubs, Britain's Got
Talent / X Factor, Babylon A.D and The Pacific.
For this essay I am going to explore single camera set up in Tsotsi, Luther and
One off drama- Murdered by my Boyfriend.

Case Study 1: Tsotsi

Scene 3 analysis of Tsotsi-Setting and Character

Tsotsi is a single camera production that is a crime drama genre. The
conventions of a crime drama includes a well-known city; Johannesburg, it also
focus on crimes that create the most anxiety for example; murders and killers.
A typical technical code used in a crime drama is the uses of steady shots and
some hand-held camera to give a realistic representation of events. The uses of
pan and zoom is used to give an intense feeling between the character and
audience. The most common code that is used is non-diegetic music, the upbeat
music is used throughout the film often when Tsotsi and his gang are walking
through township making seem like their tough. The uses of the non- diegetic
snake rattle sound effect happens when Tsotsi is following Miriam crating a
sense of fear and suspense. The use of editing is a montage creating a dramatic
effect. For example when Tsotsi is at Miriams house there is a use of flashback
where we see Tsotsi as a child making the audience feel empathy towards him
because he has had a rough life.
The narrative structure of a crime drama depends on the story being told. Tsotsi
is a crime drama film therefore it is a linear narrative where we have the;
Equilibrium Disruption Recognition Attempt to Repair Denouement. In
Tsotsi the story is told in a single strand where there is no other conflict
happening than the main character. Crime drama can be seen as a non-linear
narrative through the uses of flashback used when Tsotsi remembers his
childhood.

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

The format of a single camera production can be a serial, one-off drama or a

series. Tsotsi is a film therefore it is 2 hours long whereas a one-off drama last
an hour long. In a film the whole narrative is revealed as shown in Tsotsi, the
film is based on one subject; the film Tsotsi focuses on the character who
struggles in the environment and focuses on him as his character is changing.
In scene 3 of Tsotsi sound is used often as it is very important creating
atmosphere and tension between the audiences. As Tsotsi wakes up from the
night before after he has taken the baby the ambient sound of the air
conditioner indicates to the audience what type of environment Tsotsi is living
in. While trying to feed the baby the there is a diegetic sound of the baby
crying, the tone of Tsotsis voice was quiet and soft towards the baby as he
wanted him to stop crying. In confusion Tsotsi decided to cheer the baby up by
blasting out loud music which creates a different sound mix, as we have
Tsotsis dialogue and the baby crying.
In scene 3 the sequence was shot on a location, I know this because the way
people were living it looked realistic, the tinned houses, the streets and also the
insight of some of the houses.
(14-15 minutes)

The space they have used at the beginning was quite empty. The establishment
shot of the field, which looked empty with no crops or animals or much
greenery shows that the people living in the village dont have much money
and are poor. Whereas in the village where Tsotsi was living it was very
cramped, with little alleyways, and small houses with a vast majority of people
living in them.
The light that was used is low key dark lighting, almost symbolising Tsotsis
living; his life. The establishment shot of the whole village and the field had a
dark orange purple sunrise which made the whole scene seem dark, adding to
that the shot in Tsotsis house was also dark as well. He didnt have much light
coming in his house he only had two windows with a hint of light shining

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

through which wasnt enough to fill his house, seeing as he had to use a source
of light to look at the baby which was under his bed.
The darkness of the whole scene and inside Tsotsis house is a symbol of his
isolation, he lives in a small house by himself, and since he was a child he has
been left to fend for himself.
The colours used in the scene is quite dull at the beginning but when Miriam is
on set there is a light almost shining on her alone, foreshadowing that she
would save him help him through tough time, also the type of clothes she
was wearing; bright orange skirt with light brown top.
The dull light/colours that has been used is a symbol of the village. Not much
of them have jobs and some are dying, they are leaving in the ruins and dont
have much supplies to live on. Most people are scared to leave the village to
find jobs, because going to work is a struggle, to go to the city, some people
die; as we heard the story of Miriams husband, or some get robbed as we saw
at the beginning when Tsotsi was robbing the man on the train.
The main props that was used in scene 3, was a pen knife, newspaper. The pen
knife symbolises that it is the only weapon that keeps for safety. In this scene
when he changes the babys nappy we see a change in him, because we think
that he would kill the baby, but we see a change of heart and he cuts the nappy
form the baby, another prop that was used is the newspaper Tsotsi uses to
change the babys nappy. Tsotsi could have left the baby in the nappy that he
was in before but in this scene we see that he has a change of heart, and uses
newspapers to change the nappy.
The type of shots that was used in scene 3 was: establishment shot, close up
shot and POV shot. The establishment shot was really effective in this scene, at
the beginning of scene 3, there was an establishment shot of the whole village.
This created dramatic irony, because we know that the baby is somewhere in
the village but its going to be difficult for the police to find him the second use
of an establishment shot was in Tsotsis house, this shot was effective because
it showed us as the audience how cramped (small) Tsotsis house is; he has
piles of shelves and newspaper which makes his room seem smaller than it is.

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

(15-18 minutes)

Another shot that was uses is close up; when Tsotsi woke up from the night he
took the baby. This uses of close up was effective because, we see hes reaction
when he remembers what he did the night before. His facial expression was
worried/ surprised, which shows us as the audience that he is clueless, which
leads him to looking under his bed which is where the baby was in a bag. The
final shot that was used was POV. This shot was used when tsotsi was changing
the babys nappy, most of the camera was positioned in the babys POV,
because when tsotsi put the music on there was a POV of the baby looking up
at tsotsi; dancing in front of the baby, at this point there was also a uses of
facial expression; Tsotsi trying to smile, cheering the baby up.
The use of editing techniques was shot reverse shot and eye line match. The
shot reverse shot showed that tsotsi was in conflict with other characters, for
example Miriam and the baby. When tsotsi was in Miriams house and he was
looking at her while talking, also she was looking in the direction he was sitting
which makes us think that they are looking at each other while talking. The
second editing technique that was use is eye line match; when tsotsi was
talking to his friends outside his house, there was a use of close up but also
shots of the character directly looking at each other.
(19:10 minutes)

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

The use of sound that was used is dialogue and non-diegetic. The background
music that was used was when tsotsi was at the pub with his friends and the
normal music that plays in a pub was playing in the background for example
upbeat music. The diegetic sound that was used was the people talking in the
background, whereas the non-digastric sound that was used was the loud
upbeat music that played every time tsotsi was running away. Another use of
diegetic sound was when tsotsi used music to cover up the baby cry because he
didnt want hes friends to hear that he has a baby. The final use of sound is the
dialogue; when tsotsi friends are being sexist to Miriam in the streets tsotsi
doesnt join them, at this point we see that he is changing the way he acts
around people especially women.

Overall in scene 3 the audience are in an awkward position, because the night
before he shot a woman in front of her house and stole her car with the baby in
it. But the audience is confused as to which side we should choose, because
throughout the movie we see flashes of Tsotsis past life when hes dad was
very abusive, which makes us feel a bit sorry for the way he is now.

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

Scene analysis: scene 5

Tsotsi-setting and characters.
The scene that we watched was set on a location similar to scene 3, the space
where it was set was cluttered because of the little alleyways we saw, where
Tsotsi waited for Miriam outside her house.
(48-53 minutes)

Tsotsi standing
in the shadows

Miriam walking where

there is light
symbolising brightness/
happiness.

The set design was set in a slum we know this because of the type of houses;
tinned house surrounded by dust drought like. The set design in Miriams
house was a bigger space than Tsotsis, and there is a high key lighting than in
Tsotsis house, the set design was also an undeveloped house, built of clay and
metal.
The lighting that was used was very symbolic. When Miriam and Tsotsi was in
the house the bright lighting was mostly shown on Miriam symbolising
happiness (the one who saves Tsotsi) whereas Tsotsi sat where there was not
much lighting, symbolising his dark side. The source of light that was uses was
natural lighting, because the scene was set mid-day. The type of atmosphere the
lighting creates is a calm atmosphere, this was shown where Tsotsi walked over
to Miriams work(the coloured glass), at this point the bright lights was a
symbol that Tsotsi attitude and personality would change throughout the movie
because of Miriam. The colours that was used changed at different moments in
this scene, for example when Miriam was feeding the baby she was sitting on
the edge of her bed where there was a white light almost shining on her,
whereas Tsotsi sat far away from her in the shadows. The colours that was used
was half dull and half vibrant, for example Miriams clothes was a bright

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

orange top; a traditional wrap around her waist, symbolising she brings
happiness, whereas Tsotsi was wearing a faux leather jacket, dark coloured
jeans and a red t-shirt, most of Tsotsis clothes was dark colours which
foreshadows that Tsotsi has a dark personality. The vibrant colours that was
used are the colours from Miriams broken glass (art work).
The type of props that was used is; a bed and baby toys. There was a use of
close up when he was remembering when hes mother use to nurture him.
Another use of props was the baby toys (CD tap). Miriams baby was play with
a CD tap which was considered as her babys toy, because of the type
environment they live in (slums) much people cannot afford to by official toys,
as we see during the movie tsotsi had to break into the babys house to get his
toys because he cant afford to buy good toys.

Baby playing
with CD tapes

When feeding the baby Miriams body language was her sitting on the bed with
both hands under the baby-holding it while breast feeding but her facial
expression was not intact with her body language, because she was forced to
feed Tsotsis baby Miriams facial expression was angry and annoyed. Whereas
Tsotsis body language was different from Miriams, Tsotsis body language
was him sitting on a chair opposite Miriam with one of his hands underneath
his chin (thinking) also Tsotsis facial expressing was memorised/ relaxed,
because of flashbacks he was having when his mother use to nurture him,
while Miriam was feeding the baby.
The camera shots that was used are; mid-close shot, POV and zoom. The use of
mid-close up shot was used when feeding the baby, the camera was set on
Miriams body so we as the audience can see how she nurtures the baby;
calmly- carefully holding the baby. The second use of camera shot was
POV/zoom of Tsotsi when he was remembering when he was a little boy, and
when his mother use to look after him. We know when watching the movie that
Tsotsi is not his real name because during the movie he has flashbacks of hes
childhood life and his mother use to call him David, which brings convinces
him to call the baby David, which symbolises that if Tsotsi had a chance to re-

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

live his life, he would to make a change. Another use of camera shot is zoom,
the use of zoom in was really effective in this scene; as Miriam is talking to
the baby (asking questions-being friendly), and the camera zooms into Tsotsis
facing, signifying that he is remembering his mother, and in this scene we see
him changing as a person almost having a change of heart as well as admiring
Miriam. The final uses of camera shot was two shot, where tsotsi was already
waiting for Miriam at her house, and on the right hand side we see Miriam
coming out from an alleyway next to her house, then both characters meet each
other. When tsotsi was waiting for Miriam we could see that he was desperate,
we see this through his body language when he shaking and looked anxious.
In this scene there was not many editing techniques the only two that was used
are; eye line match and shot reverse shot. The use of eye line match was used
when tsotsi was admiring Miriam feeding the baby, at this point there is a use
of POV so us as the audience can see what tsotsi is looking at from his
perspective. The final editing technique was shot reverse shot, which was sued
when Miriam and tsotsi was having a conversation about Miriams broken
glass.
The use of sound was effective because when Tsotsi was speaking we noticed a
change of tone in his voice. The use of sound that was used was only dialogue
and diegetic sounds/ non-diegetic. When Miriam and Tsotsi was talking they
voice was relaxed, which was different from times when Tsotsi speaks to his
friends, which is when we see that tsotsi is changing into someone different,
because before this scene tsotsi and his friends was mocking Miriam and being
sexist towards her but Tsotsi didnt join in the name shouting, which makes us
think that he has respect for women whereas his friends dont. The diegetic
sound that we heard is the sound of the baby crying, while Miriam and Tsotsi
was talking we can hear soft sounds of the baby moaning (making baby noise).
In this sequence the audience has been positioned to change they opinion on
tsotsi, because we see that has a change of heart because of memorise and
flashbacks he had while admiring Miriam feeding the baby. The audience is
also positioned in an awkward moment because they dot know if they show
feel sorry for tsotsi or keep disliking him because of what weve seen at the
beginning of the film.

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

The Features of Single Camera Drama

Luther: Series 1 Episode 1
In this essay I would be analysing Luther Series 1 episode 1 on camerawork
and editing techniques. Luther is a British crime drama series starring Idris
Elba as the titular character, DCI John Luther. Written by Neil Cross. The
conventions of a crime drama includes a well-known city; London where is
focus on crime that is happening in the area creating awareness.
A typical technical code used in a crime drama is the uses of hand-held camera
and steady shots which gives a more intense feeling and a realistic events it
also create atmosphere and mood. The uses of ellipsis is used to create an
anxious feeling when Luther is talking to his wife and he loses his temper and
there are ellipses shots of him smashing and breaking the door emphasizing his
mood; that he is angry. The uses of non-diegetic sound is used to create a
tension for example when Luther is running after the villain the sound of both
characters footsteps and heavy breathing increase and becomes louder.
Another uses of non-diegetic sound is when Luther has an idea or chasing the
villain there is a constant rapid music increasing as his gets closer to the villain.
The uses of continuity editing is used to create a sense of realism also a
dramatic effect. When the victim sees that her family is head the each shot of
the, dad, mom and dog follows. The uses of jump cut is used often portraying
Luthers mood, when he is feeling anxious and worried, for example when he
watch the villain fall of a crane and didnt help, the jump cuts of Luther
covering his face and rubbing its eye almost thing to himself.
The narrative structure of a crime drama depends on the story being told.
Luther is a series crime drama therefore it is non-linear, the narrative is likely
to have a semi closed ending, because the same narrative could continue
through the next episode. In Luther the narrative is the hero vs the villain, the
audience sees this when episode 1 opens up with Luther running after the
criminal and throughout Luther has a case on who murdered the victims
family.
The format of a single camera production can be a serial, one-off drama or a
series. Luther is a series crime drama which is an hour long where not much of
the story is revealed in the first episode but may continue in the second
episode. In the episode 1 of Luther the uses of non-diegetic racing sound is
used to create tension between the Luther running after the villain. The uses of
ambient sound is used when Luther and his friend is in a room talking and the
sound of the air conditioner is on making the scene seem more awkward
between the characters. When Luther visits his wife this tone of voice changes
when she tells him that she doesnt want to be with him anymore. As Luther

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

enters her house his tone of voice is calm and understanding but after she tells
him how she feels Luther gets a rage of anger where we see him shout at his
wife and breaking down doors.
Camerawork
Establishment shot
Establishment shot of the factory
where the villain was being chased
by the police. An establishing shot
is usually the first shot of a new
scene, designed to show the
audience where the action is taking
place. It is usually a very wide shot
or extreme wide shot. The shot tells
the audience about the dark mysterious mood/ atmosphere the shot creates. We
see the shot is taken at night creating an isolated atmosphere also very
dangerous because the scene is set in a factory.

Another uses of an establishment

shot is the shot of the city portraying
to the audience that all the drama is
happening in such a big city. The
establishment shot is also showing
the audience what kind of
environment the characters live in.
Extreme close up

Extreme close up is used to allow the viewer to enter the characters intimate
space, it creates tension between the two characters. The tight frame makes the
scene seems more intense and makes the audience wonder what is going to
happen next, it also shows to the audience that the characters are in conflict

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

with each other. After the villain has been chased by Luther through a factory
now realising he has no escape it creates tension for both characters especially
the villain because he is trapped which builds up to both characters fighting.
Birds eye view
Birds eye view makes the
audience see what is happening
from the top as if the audience
was looking down on the
characters meaning that we can
see more than if it was a medium
shot. The scene is shown from
directly above, creating a
dramatic effect showing the different spatial perspective. The use of voyeurism
is used creates tension between both the characters and the audience, because
the audience are the only people who can see what is happening, because the
location that both characters are in is in a tight isolated space.
Worms eye view
Low angle shot is used to show
the audience how high the
villain is from the ground and
giving an insight of the
consequence if he falls it also
creates tension because it
makes the audience wonder if he is going to fall or if Luther will help him. This
shot can be seen as a worms eye view, this is because the shot is taken under
the character showing the audience that the character is hanging (swinging)
from just a crane.
Loose Frame
Loose Frame shows the
victims facial expression.
She looks terrified and
shaken, because of the death
of her family. The loose
frame is effective because it
shows the audience how the
Character is feeling through their facial expression also because of the blood
that is on the victim, portraying to the audience that she has just come from a
crime scene. This shot can be seen as a shallow focus because the camera is
just focused on the character rather than the objects in the background.

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

High angle
High angle makes the
character seem smaller it also
shows the audience where
the character is for example
Luther and his partner are
going up the stair, this shot
makes it easier for editing as well because you could use a behind the shoulder
shot to show the character going up the stairs, but placing the camera in a
corner on a high angle it establish everything in one shot.
Editing
Cross-cutting

Cross-cutting is used when Luther is running after the villain while in the other
scene the police are trying to find a young girl in a house which is linked to the
killer (villain). The use of cross-cutting makes the editing quicker and makes it
easier for the audience to understand why Luther is chasing the villain.
180 degree rule
This scene there is a uses of
single camera set up, this is
when there is only one camera
used to film the whole scene and
later be edited. Normally in a
single camera set up drama the
camera would be set on one side
of the room and be filmed which is called the 180 degree rule and it must never
be broken. Whereas in Luther the 180 degree is broken, we know this as the
audience because the position of the character changes. Breaking the 180
degree rule makes the scene seem more intense because we dont know what
the characters next move is. The uses of shot reverse shot is intense for this
scene because both characters are almost in conflict with each other making the
camera shot rapid creating tension between both characters.

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

POV/ Over shoulder

The POV shot is effective because we as the
audience are looking in the characters eye
view therefore what they are looking at the
audience can see. This shot is effective to
the audience because it shows the victims
mood through her facial expression making
the audience understand how shes feeling; confused, sacred.
Eye line match

Eye line match is the audience wanting to view what the character on the
screen is viewing and the camera cuts to that POV. Eye line match is effective
because the audience wonder where the character is looking at what they are
looking at for example the other character(s) or an object. Luther is
interrogating the victim because he thinks she murdered her family, in this shot
we see both characters intensely looking at each other creating dramatic
tension.
Jump cut

The use of jump cut makes the editing proses quicker. In this scene jump cut is
used when Luther is about to enter the interrogation room, then cuts to the
victim sitting in the room. This type of editing technique gives the effect of
jumping forward in time. Jump cut is important because it means that the

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

Two shot
The two shot is a medium shot which is
good for establishing the relationship
between Luther and Alice. It is a
natural way to introduce two people.
The uses of two shot creates tension
because it is also a tight frame, which
establish the characters body language.
Luther is directly looking into Alices eyes, while Alice does the same,
indicating that both characters are showing affection for each other. The tight
shot makes the audience seem uncomfortable because we feel like we are
invading both characters personal space, the audience feels awkward to watch
both characters stare at each other seductively.
Ellipsis editing

The ellipsis editing cuts from one scene to another. For example, Alice is sitting
on the floor covered in blood while shes on the phone, crying, whereas in the
other since Luther is sitting on a ledge looking down through a hole. The
ellipsis portrays to the audience that it is a different scene but same day, which
are not connected.

One off Drama

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

Murdered by My Boyfriend
Murdered by my Boyfriend is single camera production that is a docu-drama, it
is also a one off drama. A single camera production is a short film that is
usually used for budgets projects, TV dramas and adverts. The conventions of a
docu-drama genre includes a series of real events usually told as a story.
A typical technical code used in docu-drama is the use of hand held camera
creating a manic atmosphere to increase tension. A typical code used is nondiegetic voiceover at the beginning Ashley introduces herself and tells the
audience that this is no ordinary story, the voice over is normally of the main
character. The uses of continuity editing is used to create the feel of realism.
However montage editing can be used to present a significant events in a
dramatic way. For example, in Murdered by my Boyfriend when Ashly is
talking to Reece the use of ellipses are used to show that Ashly and Reece are
showing affection for each other.
The narrative structure of a docu-drama depends on the story being told, and
whether the episode is a one-off (like Murder by my Boyfriend) or part of a
series. A one off drama tend to have a closed end they last up to an hour long
and is told in a non-linear narrative. In Murdered by my Boyfriend, the story is
told as a circular narrative, meaning that we see the ending of the story and
then flashbacks are used to explain how we arrived there, for example at the
beginning we see Ashly laying on the floor with feather falling on her face then
jumps to her combing her hair in her bedroom indicating to the audience that it
was a flashback. Docu-drama is also usually a single strand narrative meaning
that one persons story is told, in Murdered by my boyfriend we see Ashly
struggles throughout the drama.
In Murdered by my Boyfriend the uses of sound creates atmosphere and
tension for the audience. The uses of non-diegetic sound is used when Reece
pushes Ashly to the ground and there is an ambient buzzing sound. The tone of
Reeces voice heightens when he gets irritated after Ashley was questioning
him. The ambient buzzing sound is parallel to the atmosphere, this is because if
the audience was in Ashlys position after being hit on the head there is an after
buzzing sound. Finally the diegetic sound that is used is the dialogue and
natural sounds for example when Ashley goes to the club the music in the club
is diegetic.

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

Camerawork
Extreme close up
The extreme close up is when Reece
is brutally beating Ashly on the
floor, and the camera tightly focuses
on Ashlys eye making the scene
more intense because the audience
does not see Reece physically
hitting Ashly but by positioning the
camera and focusing on Ashlys eye makes us wonder and feel what Ashly is
going through. The use of extreme close up is used to create a dramatic effect
between Reece and Ashly, it allows the audience to enter Ashlys intimate space
revealing how she is feeling; broken, cold, as she is slowly dying, the extreme
close up allows the audience to fell sympathy for Ashly.
High and low angle
In this scene there is a use of close up
shot where we see Ashlys reaction as
she looks frightened and scared
because her boyfriend pushed her onto
the ground while shes pregnant. Ashly
looks up at Reece while shes sitting
on floor indication that she has less
power than Reece, while Reece looks down on her also indicating that he is in
power as we see throughout the movie when he constantly abuses Ashly.
In this scene Reece is constantly
banging on the door and threatening
her. The use of high angle helps the
audience understand that Ashly is
scared also making her seem
vulnerable. The position of the camera
is at a high angle looking down on
Ashly making her powerless and helpless, not only because of the angle but
also the setting where she is cornered on her stairs and the lighting set, where is
seems dark and gloomy portraying Ashlys mood.
Mid-shot
In this scene we see Ashly changing
her top through the use of a midshot where we see Ashly has
bruises on her back, indicating to
the audience that her boyfriend,
Reece is abusing her, and the fact
that she doesnt take any notice or

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

look at it in the mirror portrays that she knows about her bruises and they might
not be the only one that she has. The mid-shot is used to show the audience
Ashlys bruises to emphasized how brutal her relationship is with Reece and
also tells the audience about Ashlys character, innocent, scared and quiet.

POV
The POV shot is used when Ashly is
being beaten up by Reece while shes
lying on the floor and their daughter
is watching. This shot shows a view
from the daughters perspective. The
POV shot is not only effective but the
uses of lighting. The dark shadowy
lighting makes the scene more depressing and sympathetic towards Ashly
because it emphasizes how shes feeling through the use of a dark miserable
room, it symbolises that Ashly is in pain and slowly dying, although the
audience cannot see Reece psychically hitting her as she is hidden behind the
bed, makes the audience wonder what she looks like.
Two shot
Two shot is used when Ashly is
telling one of her friends the brutal
things Reece has been doing to her
as she shows her some of the
bruises. This scene is intense
because the audience is invading
both characters personal space, it
is used to show the emotional reaction between both characters which makes
the audience feel sorry for Ashly. We see that Ashly has people who care about
her

Editing
Eye line match

The use of eye line match is effective

in this scene because it shows the

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

audience that there are two characters having an intense conversation. This
scene is when Reece meets Ashly and get to know her as a person for the first
time. In both shots the camera is focused on both characters by using focus
pull, showing that nothing else matters and the audience should just focus on
these two characters, seeing as most of the film is about Reece and Ashly.
During this scene there is a use of close on Ashly and Reeces eyes and mouth,
indicating that both characters are focusing on each other features emphasizing
that they are showing affection for each other which leads to the next scene
when Ashly and Reece are lying in bed.
Match cut and Non-linear

Graphic match

The uses of match cut is used at the beginning of the film, where we see the
ending if the film at the beginning, which concludes to the audience how the
film is ending, it also questions why Ashly is on the floor with pillow feathers
falling on her. The shot of the feathers falling cuts to when Ashly is in her
bedroom getting ready to go out, and the camera zooms out of the snow glob
where is see the snow falling just like the feathers falling on Ashly. This
technique is used to confuse the audience why Ashly was on the floor, it can
also giveaway hints on how the movie ends.
Ellipsis editing

Sharon Itelia
Unit 22 LO1
Submission 1

The Ellipsis editing technique is used when Ashly has just been beaten up by
Reece in a shop and the scene cuts to Ashlys daughter birthday. The use of
ellipsis editing indicates that it is a different day and a different scene. The
scene before Ashlys daughter birthday we see Ashly playing on the floor with
her face full of blood, and looks brutally beaten up and the other scene we see
her looking happy showing the two different side to Ashly.
Placards

This technique show the audience how many days/weeks/, months has gone by,
which helps the audience understand how long it has been since Ashly has been
with Reece also how many years (4 years) it took for Ashly to die. Alongside
the narrative there is a use of pan which leads to the next scene where Reece
push Ashly towards the floor and the camera pans slowly focuses on Ashly
showing her facial expression.
At three months Ashly realizes that shes pregnant
which is when all the drama starts happening.
Each shot tells the audience how many time has
gone by for example when Ashlys daughter was 3
years old the shot was three years