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  • 07HDM 4DeteriorationUnsealedRoads2008!10!22

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    askarah
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    This document discusses models for predicting the deterioration of unsealed roads. It addresses factors that influence road roughness over time, such as traffic levels, grading frequency, terrain type, environment, and material properties. Higher traffic levels and less frequent grading are associated with increased roughness. Earth roads tend to have lower roughness than gravel roads. The models also examine how rainfall, terrain, and traffic affect the loss of road material over time. The relationships presented by the models are most accurate for well-maintained engineered roads with good drainage; local calibration may be needed for roads with poorer drainage.

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    This document discusses models for predicting the deterioration of unsealed roads. It addresses factors that influence road roughness over time, such as traffic levels, grading frequency, terrain type, environment, and material properties. Higher traffic levels and less frequent grading are associated with increased roughness. Earth roads tend to have lower roughness than gravel roads. The models also examine how rainfall, terrain, and traffic affect the loss of road material over time. The relationships presented by the models are most accurate for well-maintained engineered roads with good drainage; local calibration may be needed for roads with poorer drainage.

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    12 vistas18 páginas

    07HDM 4DeteriorationUnsealedRoads2008!10!22

    Cargado por

    askarah
    This document discusses models for predicting the deterioration of unsealed roads. It addresses factors that influence road roughness over time, such as traffic levels, grading frequency, terrain type, environment, and material properties. Higher traffic levels and less frequent grading are associated with increased roughness. Earth roads tend to have lower roughness than gravel roads. The models also examine how rainfall, terrain, and traffic affect the loss of road material over time. The relationships presented by the models are most accurate for well-maintained engineered roads with good drainage; local calibration may be needed for roads with poorer drainage.

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    de 18

    Deterioration Unsealed Roads

    Unsealed Roads Classification

    Gravel
    Earth (or Sand) *

    * Engineered roads
    2

    Unsealed Roads

    Unsealed Roads Deterioration

    Models of Distress

    Roughness
    Material Loss

    HDM-4

    Rutting
    Looseness
    Impassability
    5

    Unsealed Road Work Classification


    Preservation

    Development

    Routine

    Improvements

    Off carriageway
    Grading
    Spot regravelling

    Widening
    Realignment

    Construction

    Periodic

    Upgrading
    New sections

    Regravelling

    Special
    Emergencies
    Winter maintenance

    Unsealed Roads Models

    Roughness:
    Progression
    Effect

    of mechanical compaction

    Effect

    of grading

    Average
    Steady

    annual roughness

    state roughness

    Material Loss
    7

    Roughness Without Compaction


    30

    25

    200 veh/day

    100 veh/day

    50 veh/day
    10 veh/day

    IRI (m/km)

    20

    15

    10

    0
    0

    Surface Age (years)

    Grading

    Long term average roughness


    35

    No grading

    30

    Average IRI (m/km)

    25

    Grading 2 per year


    20

    Grading 4 per year

    15

    10

    Grading 12 per year

    0
    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    AADT

    10

    120

    140

    160

    180

    200

    Roughness: Effect of Grading


    Frequency and Traffic
    Effect of Grading Frequency and Traffic on Roughness
    Flat and Level Terrain / Sub-humid Environment
    21
    19
    Grading
    Frequency
    24 Months
    18 Months
    12 Months
    9 Months
    6 Months
    3 Months
    1 Months

    Roughness (IRI)

    17
    15
    13
    11
    9
    7
    5
    3
    0

    25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300


    Average Daily Traffic (ADT)

    11

    Roughness: Effect of Terrain Type


    and Traffic
    Effect on Terrain Type and Traffic on Roughness
    Gradings Every 6 Months / Sub-humid Environment
    21
    19

    Roughness (IRI)

    17
    Terrain
    Type
    Mountainous
    Hilly & Rolling
    Flat & Level

    15
    13
    11
    9
    7
    5
    3
    0

    25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300


    Average Daily Traffic (ADT)

    12

    Roughness: Effect of Environment


    Type and Traffic
    Effect of Environment and Traffic on Roughness
    Gradings Every 6 Months / Flat and Level Terrain
    21
    19

    Roughness (IRI)

    17

    Environment
    Type

    15

    Arid
    Semi-arid
    Sub-humid
    Humid

    13
    11
    9
    7
    5
    3
    0

    25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300


    Average Daily Traffic (ADT)

    13

    Roughness: Effect of Material


    Properties

    Traffic
    (ADT)
    25
    25
    25
    25
    25
    25
    25

    Frequency
    of Gradings
    (months)
    1
    3
    6
    9
    12
    18
    24

    Lateritic Gravel
    Semi-arid Environment
    Flat &
    Rolling &
    Level
    Hilly
    Mountainous
    Terrain
    Terrain
    Terrain
    4.0
    4.2
    4.4
    6.0
    6.5
    7.1
    8.3
    9.1
    10.0
    9.7
    10.7
    11.8
    10.8
    11.8
    13.1
    12.3
    13.4
    14.9
    13.2
    14.5
    16.1

    14

    Earth Road
    Semi-arid Environment
    Flat &
    Rolling &
    Level
    Hilly
    Mountainous
    Terrain
    Terrain
    Terrain
    2.8
    3.0
    3.3
    5.0
    5.6
    6.3
    7.4
    8.2
    9.3
    8.8
    9.8
    11.1
    9.8
    10.9
    12.3
    11.2
    12.4
    14.0
    12.1
    13.4
    15.1

    Material loss
    Effect of Rainfall and Traffic

    15

    Material loss
    Effect of Rainfall and Terrain

    16

    Road Roughness of Unsealed Roads

    Roughness equations valid for engineered unsealed


    roads with good maintenance (good drainage).
    Therefore:
    Higher rainfall yields lower roughness
    Higher percent of trucks yields lower roughness
    Earth roads (finer soils) have lower roughness than
    gravel roads, making difficult to evaluate
    regravelling works
    In practice, the condition of an unsealed road can be
    different from what is being predicted by the HDM
    models, specially related to the passability on the wet
    season

    17

    Road Roughness of Unsealed Roads

    HDM equations for


    deterioration of
    unsealed roads are
    valid for engineered
    roads with proper
    drainage
    There is a need to
    understand the HDM
    relationships and
    calibrate the equations
    if proper drainage is not
    available
    18

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