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Junos Fundamentals Series

Day One: Junos Monitoring and


Troubleshooting

By Jamie Panagos and Albert Statti

SPECIAL EDITION

The special edition of Day One: Junos Monitoring


and Troubleshooting is meant for easy copying
and pasting of the automation scripts and
configurations. Xx's are used to blank out much
of the copyrighted material, and whatever
remains is left for you to find your place in the
material.

By using this special edition, you agree to use the


material in this document at your own risk.
Juniper Networks assumes no responsibility
whatsoever for any inaccuracies in this
document.

2011 by Juniper Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. Juniper Networks, the Juniper Networks logo,
Junos, NetScreen, and ScreenOS are registered trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. in the United States
and other countries. Junose is a trademark of Juniper Networks, Inc. All other trademarks, service marks,
registered trademarks, or registered service marks are the property of their respective owners.Juniper
Networks assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies in this document. Juniper Networks reserves
the right to change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication without notice. Products made
or sold by Juniper Networks or components thereof might be covered by one or more of the following
patents that are owned by or licensed to Juniper Networks: U.S. Patent Nos. 5,473,599, 5,905,725,
5,909,440, 6,192,051, 6,333,650, 6,359,479, 6,406,312, 6,429,706, 6,459,579, 6,493,347, 6,538,518,

6,538,899, 6,552,918, 6,567,902, 6,578,186, and 6,590,785.

Xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xx x xxxxxxx


(Xxxxxxx 1), xxx xxxx xxxx xx xx xxxxxxx xx. Xxx xxxxx xx
xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx: xxxxx-xxxx xxxxx xxx
xxxx-xxxx xxxxx.
Xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx, xxx xx xxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx-xxxx xxxxx, xxx xxx, xx xxxxx,
xxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xx xxxx
xxxx xxx xxxxx xxx Xxx Xxxx xxxxxxxx:
The fix does not cause other problems.
The fix survives a reboot.
The fix is well communicated.
The fix is operationally understandable.
And, the fix is replaced with a long-term fix in a
reasonable
amount of time.
Xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxx, x xxxxx-xxxx xxx xx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxx xxxx xx xxx xxx (xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx-xxxx) xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx
xx xxxxxxxx.

Traffic Engineering and Overutilization Troubleshooting


X xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx Xxx Xxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx-xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx
xxx xxxx-xxxx. Xxxx xxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxx, xx xxxxx xx
Xxxxxx 1-2. Xxx xxxx Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx XXX xxxx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxx xxx xx
xxx xxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx Xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx
xxxx xxxxx, xxxx xxx Xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx x
xxxxxx. XX xxxx xxx-xxxxxxx xx xxxx xx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxx
xxxx xxxxx, xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx
xxxx.
Xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx
xx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (xxxx xx xxxx xxxxx!). Xxx xxx
xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx,
xxxxxxx xx xx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx (Xxxxxx 2-1) xxxxx xx
xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxx XXX (xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxx
2-1) xxx xxx xxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx-xxxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx Xxxxxxx. X xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxx xxxxx xx Xxxxxx
2-1.

Figure 2-1 Chicago-edge-1-as-44 Utilization Graph


Xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx Xxxxx XXX, xx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx
xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx.
ps@chicago-edge-1> show interfaces ge-0/0/9
Physical interface: ge-0/0/9, Enabled, Physical link is Up
Interface index: 137, SNMP ifIndex: 118
Description: Connection to isp-1
Link-level type: Ethernet, MTU: 1514, Speed: 1000mbps, MAC-REWRITE Error: None,
Loopback: Disabled, Source filtering: Disabled, Flow control: Enabled,
Auto-negotiation: Enabled, Remote fault: Online
Device flags : Present Running
Interface flags: SNMP-Traps Internal: 0x4000
Link flags
: None
CoS queues
: 8 supported, 8 maximum usable queues
Current address: 00:19:e2:25:b0:09, Hardware address: 00:19:e2:25:b0:09
Last flapped : 2009-10-13 13:51:19 PDT (2d 20:44 ago)
Input rate
: 3217455289 bps (13928377 pps)
Output rate : 9843638222 bps (37520944 pps)
Active alarms : None
Active defects : None

Xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx, xxx xxx xxx xxxx xxx
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx xxxx.
Xxx XXX xxxxxx xx x xxxxxxxx, xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx x xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx. Xxx xx xxx
xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xx Xxxxxx, xxx
xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx Xxxxxx 2-2.

Figure 2-2 Boston-edge-1-as-107 Utilization Graph


Xxxxx xxx Xxxxx XXX, xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx
xxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxx Xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxx
xxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xx
xxxxxx, xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx XXX xxx xxxxxxxxx,
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx
xxxxx xxx xxxx-xxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx
xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx.
ps@boston-edge-1> show interfaces so-3/3/2
Physical interface: so-3/3/2, Enabled, Physical link is Up
Interface index: 167, SNMP ifIndex: 151
Description: Connection to isp-2
Link-level type: PPP, MTU: 4474, Clocking: Internal, SONET mode, Speed: OC12,
Loopback: None, FCS: 16, Payload scrambler: Enabled
Device flags : Present Running
Interface flags: Point-To-Point SNMP-Traps Internal: 0x4000
Link flags
: Keepalives
Keepalive settings: Interval 10 seconds, Up-count 1, Down-count 3
Keepalive: Input: 0 (never), Output: 0 (never)
LCP state: Down
NCP state: inet: Not-configured, inet6: Not-configured, iso: Not-configured, mpls:
Not-configured
CHAP state: Closed

PAP state: Closed


CoS queues
: 8 supported, 4 maximum usable queues
Last flapped : 2009-10-14 07:03:58 PDT (2d 03:37 ago)
Input rate
: 1207 bps (6 pps)
Output rate : 2943 bps (17 pps)
SONET alarms : None
SONET defects : None

Xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx


(xxxxxx xxxxx) xx xxx Xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxx
xxxx xx xx xxxxxx xxxxx.
Xxx xxxxx (xxx xxxxxx) xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxx xxxx xxx xxxx
xxxxx. Xxx xxxx x xxxxx-xxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx
xxxxx xx Xxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxx, xxx
xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxx xxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx Xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx
xx xxx xxxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx
xxxx xxxx Xxxxxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxx.
ps@boston-edge-1> show bgp summary
Groups: 2 Peers: 3 Down peers: 0
Table
Tot Paths Act Paths Suppressed History Damp State Pending
inet.0
13986
6993
0
0
0
0
Peer
AS
InPkt
OutPkt OutQ Flaps Last Up/Dwn State|#Active/Received/Damped...
10.25.30.1
10
7013
7112
0
0
13:07 6993/6993/0
0/0/0
10.25.30.3
10
28
7111
0
0
12:41 0/0/0
0/0/0
18.32.16.102
107
7006
6277
0
0
8:10 0/6993/0
0/0/0
Xxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx XX 107 xx xxxxxxx

6993 xxxxxx, xxx xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx


xxxxxx-xxxx-1. Xxxx xx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xxxx xx
xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx 0/6993/0. Xxx xxxxx xxxxx xx
xxxxxx xxxxxx, xxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxx
xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx. Xx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxx xx xxxx XXX xxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx [xxxxx-xxxx] xxxxxxx:

ps@boston-edge-1> show configuration protocols bgp group ebgp-as-107


type external;
import as-107-in-secondary;
export aggregate-out;
peer-as 107;
neighbor 18.32.16.102;
ps@boston-edge-1> show configuration policy-options policy-statement as-107-in-secondary
term localpref-50 {
then {
local-preference 50;
}
}

Xxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx


xxxxxx xxxxxx, xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxx
xxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx Xxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xx xxx xx 50, xxxxxxx xxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xx xxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxx Xxxxxxxx. Xxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx xx
xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx XXX xxxxx xxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxx. Xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxx, xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx


xxxxx xx. Xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx 100, xx x xxxxxxx xx 50
xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx XXX xxxx xxxx
xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xx
Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx Xxxxxx:
ps@boston-edge-1> show route 8.32.80.0/23
inet.0: 7013 destinations, 14007 routes (7013 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both
8.32.80.0/23
*[BGP/170] 00:10:13, localpref 100, from 10.25.30.1
AS path: 44 107 46355 8081 52274 22469 5890 9532 8078 I
> to 192.168.14.1 via ge-1/0/0.0
[BGP/170] 00:05:03, localpref 50
AS path: 107 44 46355 8081 52274 22469 5890 9532 8078 I
> to 18.32.16.102 via so-3/3/2.0

Xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx


xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx, xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxx
xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx
Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx, xxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx xx xxx XX-Xxxx xx 44, xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx Xxxxxxx. Xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx. Xx xxxxx xxxx
xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxx Xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx, xxx xxxx xx
xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxx
xx x xxxxxx xxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx xxxx Xxxxxxx. Xxxxx xxx xx
xxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, xx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx
xxxxxx, xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxx xxxxxx
xxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xxxx xxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxx.
Xxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx Xxxxxxx xx
70%, xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx x xxxx xx 300 xx 400
xxxxxxxx/xxxxxx. Xx xxxx xxx xx xxxxx xx xx xxxxxxxxx x
xxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxx Xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx XX xx xxxx xxxxx
xxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx, xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx x XXX xxxxxxxxx xx
107:100 xx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx
xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx
xxxxxxx, x xxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx; xx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx. Xxxx, xxxx xxx x xxx xxxx xxxxx
xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxx xxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx
xx 120. Xxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxx Xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx
xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxx. Xxxx xxx 8.32.80.0/23
xx xx xxxxxxx xx xxx xx xxxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxx:
ps@boston-edge-1> show route 8.32.80.0/23 detail
inet.0: 7013 destinations, 14004 routes (7013 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
8.32.80.0/23 (2 entries, 1 announced)
*BGP Preference: 170/-101
Next hop type: Indirect

Next-hop reference count: 20970


Source: 10.25.30.1
Next hop type: Router, Next hop index: 488
Next hop: 192.168.14.1 via ge-0/01.0, selected
Protocol next hop: 10.25.30.1
Indirect next hop: 8e04000 131070
State: <Active Int Ext>
Local AS: 10 Peer AS: 10
Age: 1 Metric2: 1
Task: BGP_10.10.25.30.1+179
Announcement bits (2): 0-KRT 4-Resolve tree 1
AS path: 44 107 I
Communities: 107:100
Localpref: 100
Router ID: 10.25.30.1
BGP Preference: 170/-51
Next hop type: Router, Next hop index: 486
Next-hop reference count: 6999
Source: 18.32.16.102
Next hop: 18.32.16.102 via so-3/3/2.0, selected
State: <Ext>
Inactive reason: Local Preference
Local AS: 10 Peer AS: 107
Age: 3:57
Task: BGP_107.18.32.16.102+59002
AS path: 107 I
Communities: 107:100
Localpref: 50
Router ID: 172.17.0.3

Xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx, xx xxxxxx xxx Xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxx


xx xxx xxxx xxxx xx xxx xx xxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx.
Xx xxxx xxx xxxxxx, xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx-107xxxxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxxxxx 107:100, xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xx
x xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx. Xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
xx xxxxxxx:
ps@boston-edge-1> show configuration policy-options
policy-statement as-107-in-secondary {
term localpref-50 {
then {
local-preference 50;
}
}
term localpref-120 {
from community as-107-customers;
then {
local-preference 120;
}
}
}
community as-107-customers members 107:100;

Xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxx


xxxxx xxxxx x xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx,
8.32.80.0/23:
ps@boston-edge-1> show route 8.32.80.0/23 detail
inet.0: 7013 destinations, 13008 routes (7013 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
8.32.80.0/23 (1 entry, 1 announced)
*BGP Preference: 170/-121
Next hop type: Router, Next hop index: 486
Next-hop reference count: 8991
Source: 18.32.16.102

Next hop: 18.32.16.102 via so-3/3/2.0, selected


State: <Active Ext>
Local AS: 10 Peer AS: 107
Age: 35:27
Task: BGP_107.18.32.16.102+59002
Announcement bits (3): 0-KRT 3-BGP RT Background 4-Resolve tree 1
AS path: 107 I
Communities: 107:100
Localpref: 120
Router ID: 172.17.0.3

Xxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx
xxxx xxx Xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx XX 107 xxx xxxx
xxxxxxxx. Xxxxxx, xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx 0/6993/0, xxx xxx
xxx xxx xxxx 1256 xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx (xxx
1256 xxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx Xxxxxxx xxxx).
ps@boston-edge-1> show bgp summary
Groups: 2 Peers: 3 Down peers: 0
Table
Tot Paths Act Paths Suppressed History Damp State Pending
inet.0
13986
6993
0
0
0
0
Peer
AS
InPkt
OutPkt OutQ Flaps Last Up/Dwn State|#Active/Received/Damped...
10.25.30.1
10
7013
7112
0
0
13:07 5737/6993/0
0/0/0
10.25.30.3
10
28
7111
0
0
12:41 0/0/0
0/0/0
18.32.16.102
107
7006
6277
0
0
8:10 1256/6993/0
0/0/0

Xxxxxxx! Xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx 107:100 xxx


xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx Xxxxxx XXXXX xxxx (xxx xxx
xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx). Xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxx Xxxxxxx
xxxx, xxx xxx XXX-1x xxxxxxxxx xxxxx 178.0.0.0/8 xx
xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx, xx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xx xxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxx:
ps@boston-edge-1> show route 178.63.18.22 detail
inet.0: 7013 destinations, 13008 routes (7013 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
178.0.0.0/8 (2 entries, 1 announced)
*BGP Preference: 170/-101
Next hop type: Indirect
Next-hop reference count: 17982
Source: 10.25.30.1
Next hop type: Router, Next hop index: 488
Next hop: 192.168.14.1 via ge-0/0/0.0, selected
Protocol next hop: 10.25.30.1
Indirect next hop: 8e04000 131070
State: <Active Int Ext>
Local AS: 10 Peer AS: 10
Age: 1:23:37 Metric2: 1
Task: BGP_10.10.25.30.1+179
Announcement bits (2): 0-KRT 4-Resolve tree 1
AS path: 44 I
Localpref: 100
Router ID: 10.25.30.1
BGP Preference: 170/-51
Next hop type: Router, Next hop index: 486
Next-hop reference count: 8991
Source: 18.32.16.102
Next hop: 18.32.16.102 via so-3/3/2.0, selected
State: <Ext>
Inactive reason: Local Preference
Local AS: 10 Peer AS: 107
Age: 1:20:22
Task: BGP_107.18.32.16.102+59002
AS path: 107 44 I

Localpref: 50
Router ID: 172.17.0.3

Xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxxx


xxxxxxx xxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx Xxxxxxx
xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx. Xxx xxx xxxx xxxx, xxx xxxx xx
xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx
xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xx
xxx xxxxxxxxxx:
ps@boston-edge-1> show interfaces so-3/3/2
Physical interface: so-3/3/2, Enabled, Physical link is Up
Interface index: 167, SNMP ifIndex: 151
Description: Connection to isp-2
Link-level type: PPP, MTU: 4474, Clocking: Internal, SONET mode, Speed: OC12,
Loopback: None, FCS: 16, Payload scrambler: Enabled
Device flags : Present Running
Interface flags: Point-To-Point SNMP-Traps Internal: 0x4000
Link flags
: Keepalives
Keepalive settings: Interval 10 seconds, Up-count 1, Down-count 3
Keepalive: Input: 0 (never), Output: 0 (never)
LCP state: Down
NCP state: inet: Not-configured, inet6: Not-configured, iso: Not-configured, mpls:
Not-configured
CHAP state: Closed
PAP state: Closed
CoS queues
: 8 supported, 4 maximum usable queues
Last flapped : 2009-10-14 07:03:58 PDT (2d 03:37 ago)
Input rate
: 1724 bps (9 pps)
Output rate
: 3063137642 bps (10599092 pps)
SONET alarms : None
SONET defects : None

Xx xxx xxxx x xxxxxx XXX xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx, xxx xxxxx


xxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx-3/2/2 xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx-xxxx-1:
ps@boston-edge-1> monitor interface so-3/3/2
boston-edge-1
Seconds: 18
Time: 16:11:23
Delay: 0/0/17
Interface: so-3/2/2, Enabled, Link is Up
Encapsulation: PPP, Keepalives, Speed: OC12
Traffic statistics:
Current delta
Input bytes:
35514 (1973 bps)
[184]
Output bytes:
55136476428 (3063137579 bps)
[30631491127]
Input packets:
162 (9 pps)
[10]
Output packets:
190782746 (10599092 pps)
[10435138]
Error statistics:
Input errors:
0
[0]
Input drops:
0
[0]
Input framing errors:
0
[0]
Input runts:
0
[0]
Input giants:
0
[0]
Policed discards:
0
[0]
L3 incompletes:
0
[0]
L2 channel errors:
0
[0]
L2 mismatch timeouts:
0
[0]
Carrier transitions:
1
[0]
Output errors:
0
[0]
Output drops:
0
[0]
Aged packets:
0
[0]
Next=n, Quit=q or ESC, Freeze=f, Thaw=t, Clear=c, Interface=i

Xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx Xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxx


xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx 300 xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx XXXXX xxxx
xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx

xxx Xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx, xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx.
Xxxx xxxxx xx xxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxx.
ps@chicago-edge-1> show interfaces ge-0/0/9
Physical interface: ge-0/0/9, Enabled, Physical link is Up
Interface index: 137, SNMP ifIndex: 118
Description: Connection to isp-1
Link-level type: Ethernet, MTU: 1514, Speed: 1000mbps, MAC-REWRITE Error: None,
Loopback: Disabled, Source filtering: Disabled, Flow control: Enabled,
Auto-negotiation: Enabled, Remote fault: Online
Device flags : Present Running
Interface flags: SNMP-Traps Internal: 0x4000
Link flags
: None
CoS queues
: 8 supported, 8 maximum usable queues
Current address: 00:19:e2:25:b0:09, Hardware address: 00:19:e2:25:b0:09
Last flapped : 2009-10-13 13:51:19 PDT (2d 20:44 ago)
Input rate
: 3172844311 bps (10682977 pps)
Output rate : 6739379368 bps (23159379 pps Active alarms : None
Active defects : None

Xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx


xxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx ~670
xxxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xx 70% xxxxxxxxxxx.

The Fix Test


Xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxx xxxx xx x
xxxxx-xxxx xxx, xxx xxxx xx xxxx xx xxx xxxxx-xxxx xxx
xxxx xx xxxx xxxx xx xx xxxxxxxxxx:
Does the Fix Cause Other Problems?

Xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxx xxxx XXX xxxxxx, xxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxx Xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxx xx xxxx xxx
xxx xxxx-xxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx.
Does the Fix Survive a Reboot?

Xxx.
Is the Fix Well Communicated?

Xxxx xx xx xx xxx. Xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxx


xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xx xxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxx, xxxx
xx xxxxxxx, xxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx.
Is the Fix Operationally Understandable?

Xxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxx xxx xxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx
xxxxxx xxxx Xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx.
Will the Fix be Replaced with a Long-Term Fix in a Reasonable
Amount of Time?

Xxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xx xx xx xxx. Xxxx


xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxx
xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx x xxx xxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxx xxx xx xxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxxxxx

xxxxxx xx xxxx, xxx xxxx xx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx


xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx-xxxx
xxx.

Summary
Xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxx
xxx xxxx xxx xx xxxxx Xxx Xxx Xxxx xx xx. Xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx x xxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxxx xx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx. X xxxxxx xxx xx xxxxx
xxxx xxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx, xxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx
xxxxxxxx. Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx, xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx.
Xxxxx x xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx. X
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xx
xxxxxxx xx xxxx x xxxxxxx xx:
Xxxx xx xxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx?
Xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx?
Xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx?
Xxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx?
Xxxx xxxx(x) xx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx?
Xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx?
Xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxx. X xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxx.
Xxxxx-xxxx xxxxx xxxx xx xxxx-xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxx-xxxx xxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xx. Xx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx.
20

Day One: Junos Monitoring and Troubleshooting


Chapter 2: Putting the Fix Test to Work
21
30
Day One: Junos Monitoring and Troubleshooting
Chapter 3: CLI Instrumentation
31

Xx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxxx

xxxx xxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxxx xx xxxx xx xx xxxx xx


xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx. Xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxx xxxxxxx xx
xxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx Xxxxx XXX.
Xxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxx xx xxxxxx xxxx
xxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xx xxxx xxx xx
xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxx.

Environmental Commands
Xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx
xx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show chassis ?
Possible completions:
alarms
Show alarm status
craft-interface Show craft interface status
environment
Show component status and temperature, cooling system speeds
ethernet-switch Show Ethernet switch information
fabric
Show internal fabric management state
firmware
Show firmware and operating system version for components
fpc
Show Flexible PIC Concentrator status
hardware
Show installed hardware components
location
Show physical location of chassis
mac-addresses
Show media access control addresses
pic
Show Physical Interface Card state, type, and uptime
routing-engine
Show Routing Engine status
sibs
Show Switch Interface Board status
synchronization
Show clock synchronization information
temperature-thresholds Show chassis temperature threshold settings

X xxxxx xxx xx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xx xx


xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show chassis alarms
1 alarms currently active
Alarm time
Class Description
2010-01-19 11:47:35 PST Major PEM 3 Not OK

Xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx


xxxxx xxxxxx (XXX) xxxxxx 3. Xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x
xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxxx xxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx
xxxxx xx x xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx, xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show chassis environment pem
PEM 0 status:
State
Online
Temperature
OK
DC Output:
OK
PEM 1 status:
State
Online
Temperature
OK
DC Output:
OK
PEM 2 status:
State
Online
Temperature
OK
DC Output:
OK
PEM 3 status:
State
Present

XXX 3 xx xxxxxxxxx xx

Xxxxxxx,

xxxxxxx xx xx xxxxxxx xxxx

xxx xxxxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx. Xxx xxxx xxx
xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx Xxxxxx 1-1, xxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx
xxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxx
xxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show chassis environment
Class Item
Status
Measurement
Temp PEM 0
OK
PEM 1
OK
PEM 2
OK
PEM 3
Check
Routing Engine 0
OK
45 degrees C / 113 degrees F
Routing Engine 1
OK
43 degrees C / 109 degrees F
CB 0
OK
41 degrees C / 105 degrees F
CB 1
OK
39 degrees C / 102 degrees F
SIB 0
OK
41 degrees C / 105 degrees F
SIB 1
OK
41 degrees C / 105 degrees F
SIB 2
OK
41 degrees C / 105 degrees F
SIB 3
OK
44 degrees C / 111 degrees F
FPC 0 Intake
OK
31 degrees C / 87 degrees F
FPC 0 Exhaust
OK
42 degrees C / 107 degrees F
FPC 1 Intake
OK
31 degrees C / 87 degrees F
FPC 1 Exhaust
OK
41 degrees C / 105 degrees F
FPC 2 Intake
OK
30 degrees C / 86 degrees F
FPC 2 Exhaust
OK
41 degrees C / 105 degrees F
FPC 3 Intake
OK
32 degrees C / 89 degrees F
FPC 3 Exhaust
OK
43 degrees C / 109 degrees F
FPC 4 Intake
OK
31 degrees C / 87 degrees F
FPC 4 Exhaust
OK
42 degrees C / 107 degrees F
FPM GBUS
OK
33 degrees C / 91 degrees F
Fans Top Left Front fan
OK
Spinning at normal speed
Top Right Rear fan
OK
Spinning at normal speed
Top Right Front fan
OK
Spinning at normal speed
Top Left Rear fan
OK
Spinning at normal speed
Bottom Left Front fan
OK
Spinning at normal speed
Bottom Right Rear fan
OK
Spinning at normal speed
Bottom Right Front fan
OK
Spinning at normal speed
Bottom Left Rear fan
OK
Spinning at normal speed
Rear Fan 1 (TOP)
OK
Spinning at normal speed
Rear Fan 2
OK
Spinning at normal speed
Rear Fan 3
OK
Spinning at normal speed
Rear Fan 4
OK
Spinning at normal speed
Rear Fan 5
OK
Spinning at normal speed
Rear Fan 6
OK
Spinning at normal speed
Rear Fan 7 (Bottom)
OK
Spinning at normal speed
Misc CIP
OK
Xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx,
xxxxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx
xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx (xxx xxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx
xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx) xxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx
xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx xxxx
xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx, xx xxx xxxxxxxx (xxxxx xxxxx xxxx xx
xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx).

TIP

Fan failures and PEM failures that are not caused by bad
cables or circuit breaker problems generally require a Juniper

Networks RMA (Return Material Authorization) and should


have a ticket opened with the Juniper Technical Assistance
Center (JTAC).

Chassis Commands
Xxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx
xx xxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxx(x), XXXx (Xxxxxxxx XXX
Xxxxxxxxxxxx), xxx XXXx (Xxxxxxxx Xxxxx-xxxx Xxxx). Xxx
xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxx, xxxx xxxxxxx xxx, xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx
xxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx:
Xxxxx x xxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx x xxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxx:
ps@doppelbock> show chassis routing-engine
Routing Engine status:
Temperature
32 degrees C / 89 degrees F
CPU temperature
32 degrees C / 89 degrees F
DRAM
512 MB
Memory utilization
36 percent
CPU utilization:
User
2 percent
Background
0 percent
Kernel
4 percent
Interrupt
0 percent
Idle
94 percent
Model
RE-2.0
Serial ID
c40000078cf97701
Start time
2010-01-12 05:56:58 EST
Uptime
7 days, 21 hours, 4 seconds
Load averages:
1 minute 5 minute 15 minute
0.08
0.02
0.01

Xxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxx. Xxx


xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, XXX xxxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxx xxx
xxx xxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx
xx xxxxx xxxxxx (xxxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxx) xxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxx
XXX xx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx x xxxxxx.
Xxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx
xx x xxxxxx xxxx x xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxx xxx
xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxx 0 xx xxxxxx xxx xxxx 1 xx xxxxxx,
xxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx.
ps@dunkel-re0> show chassis routing-engine
Routing Engine status:
Slot 0:
Current state
Master
Election priority
Master
Temperature
45 degrees C / 113 degrees F
CPU temperature
51 degrees C / 123 degrees F
DRAM
3584 MB
Memory utilization
9 percent
CPU utilization:
User
0 percent
Background
0 percent
Kernel
3 percent

Interrupt
Idle
Model
Serial ID
Start time
Uptime
Load averages:

0 percent
97 percent
RE-A-2000
1000702757
2010-01-19 11:42:50 PST
23 hours, 26 minutes, 46 seconds
1 minute 5 minute 15 minute
0.00
0.04
0.05
Routing Engine status:
Slot 1:
Current state
Backup
Election priority
Backup
Temperature
43 degrees C / 109 degrees F
CPU temperature
47 degrees C / 116 degrees F
DRAM
3584 MB
Memory utilization
8 percent
CPU utilization:
User
0 percent
Background
0 percent
Kernel
0 percent
Interrupt
0 percent
Idle
100 percent
Model
RE-A-2000
Serial ID
1000699981
Start time
2010-01-19 11:28:08 PST
Uptime
23 hours, 41 minutes, 28 seconds

Xxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx x xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx


xxxxxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xx xx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx. Xx xxx Xxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx (xx xxxxx xxxxx), xxx xxxxx xxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show chassis routing-engine
Routing Engine status:
Slot 0:
Current state
Master
Election priority
Master
Temperature
45 degrees C / 113 degrees F
CPU temperature
52 degrees C / 125 degrees F
DRAM
3584 MB
Memory utilization
9 percent
CPU utilization:
User
0 percent
Background
0 percent
Kernel
3 percent
Interrupt
1 percent
Idle
97 percent
Model
RE-A-2000
Serial ID
1000702757
Start time
2010-01-19 11:42:50 PST
Uptime
1 day, 39 minutes, 22 seconds
Load averages:
1 minute 5 minute 15 minute
0.01
0.01
0.02
Routing Engine status:
Slot 1:
Current state
Present
X xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxx Xxxxxxx

xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx


xxxxxxx-xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx, xxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxx-xx. Xxxxxxx,
xx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx, xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx
xxxx xx xx xxx, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx.
Xx xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xx xxx

xxxxxxx xxxx. Xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx, xxxx


xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxx. Xx xxxxx xx
xxxxx xx xxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx, xx xx xxxxx xx xxxxxx xxx
xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxx, xxxx x xxxx xxxx XXXX
xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxx xx xx XXX.
Xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxxx XXXx xxx XXXx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show chassis fpc
Temp CPU Utilization (%) Memory Utilization (%)
Slot State
(C) Total Interrupt
DRAM (MB) Heap
Buffer
0 Online
42
2
0
1024
2
49
1 Online
40
1
0
1024
2
49
2 Online
41
1
0
1024
2
49
3 Online
43
1
0
1024
2
50
4 Online
42
1
0
1024
2
49
5 Empty
6 Empty
7 Empty
ps@dunkel-re0> show chassis fpc pic-status
Slot 0 Online
M320 E2-FPC Type 3
PIC 0 Online
10x 1GE(LAN), 1000 BASE
PIC 1 Online
10x 1GE(LAN), 1000 BASE
Slot 1 Online
M320 E2-FPC Type 3
PIC 0 Online
4x OC-48 SONET
PIC 1 Online
8x 1GE(TYPE3), IQ2
Slot 2 Online
M320 E2-FPC Type 2
PIC 0 Online
4x OC-12 SONET, SMIR
PIC 1 Online
2x OC-12 ATM-II IQ, MM
Slot 3 Online
M320 E2-FPC Type 1
PIC 0 Online
1x OC-12 SONET, SMIR
PIC 1 Online
1x OC-12 ATM-II IQ, MM
PIC 2 Online
4x OC-3 SONET, SMIR
PIC 3 Online
4x OC-3 SONET, MM
Slot 4 Online
M320 E2-FPC Type 1
PIC 0 Online
4x CHDS3 IQ
PIC 2 Online
1x CHOC12 IQ SONET, SMIR
PIC 3 Online
4x OC-3 SONET, SMIR

Xxx xxxxxx XXXx xxx XXXx, xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx


xxxxxxxxx xx Xxxxxx. Xxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxxx, XXXx xxx
XXXx xx xxxx xx xxxx xx, xx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxx Xxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx, XXX, xx
XXX.
Xxxxxxx, xx xxx xxx-xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxx XXX xx
XXX. Xx xxxxxx xx XXX, xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx [xxxxxxxxxx] xxxxxxx xxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> request chassis fpc slot 4 restart
Restart initiated, use show chassis fpc to verify

Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx


xx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx XXX:
ps@dunkel-re0> show chassis fpc
Temp CPU Utilization (%) Memory Utilization (%)
Slot State
(C) Total Interrupt
DRAM (MB) Heap
Buffer

0 Online
42
4
0
1024
2
49
1 Online
40
1
0
1024
2
49
2 Online
41
1
0
1024
2
49
3 Online
43
1
0
1024
2
50
4 Offline
---Restarted by cli command--5 Empty
6 Empty
7 Empty
ps@dunkel-re0> show chassis fpc
Temp CPU Utilization (%) Memory Utilization (%)
Slot State
(C) Total Interrupt
DRAM (MB) Heap
Buffer
0 Online
42
4
0
1024
2
49
1 Online
40
1
0
1024
2
49
2 Online
41
1
0
1024
2
49
3 Online
43
1
0
1024
2
50
4 Present
42
5 Empty
6 Empty
7 Empty
ps@dunkel-re0> show chassis fpc
Temp CPU Utilization (%) Memory Utilization (%)
Slot State
(C) Total Interrupt
DRAM (MB) Heap
Buffer
0 Online
42
4
0
1024
2
49
1 Online
40
1
0
1024
2
49
2 Online
41
1
0
1024
2
49
3 Online
43
1
0
1024
2
50
4 Online
40
1
0
1024
2
49
5 Empty
6 Empty
7 Empty

Xx xxxxxx x XXX, xxxxx xxxxx xxx

xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxx-xxxx


[xxxx-xxxxxx] xxx-xxxx [xxx-xxxx xxxxxx] xxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxx
xxxx xxx XXX xx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx [xxxx-xxxxxx] xxx-xxxx [xxx-xxxx xxxxxx] xxxxxxx. Xxx xxxx
xxxxx xxx XXX xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx
xxx-xxxx [xxxx-xxxxxx] xxx-xxxx [xxx-xxxx xxxxxx] xxxxxx xxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> request chassis pic fpc-slot 4 pic-slot 0 offline
fpc 4 pic 0 offline initiated, use show chassis fpc pic-status 4 to verify
ps@dunkel-re0> show chassis pic fpc-slot 4 pic-slot 0
FPC slot 4, PIC slot 0 information:
State
Offline
ps@dunkel-re0> request chassis pic fpc-slot 4 pic-slot 0 online
fpc 4 pic 0 online initiated, use show chassis fpc pic-status 4 to verify
ps@dunkel-re0> show chassis pic fpc-slot 4 pic-slot 0
FPC slot 4, PIC slot 0 information:
Type
4x CHDS3 IQ
State
Online
PIC version
2.7
Uptime
1 second

Xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxx XXX


xx XXX xx xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxx, xxxx x xxxx xxxx XXXX.
Xx xxx xxxx xx xxxx x xxxx xxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxx, XXX, xx
XXX xxxxxxx, xx xxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx x xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxx
xxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx (xxxxxx xx xxx /xxx/xxx xxxxxxxxx) xx
xxx xxx XXXX xxxx.

Request Support Information

Xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx x xxxxx xxxxxxx


xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx XXX
xxxxxxxx. Xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx
Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxx xxxxx. Xxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx
xx x xxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx XXX xxxxxx, xx xxx
xxxxxx xxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxx XXX, XXX, xx XXXX.
Xxx xxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxxxx xx xxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxxx xxx
xxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx XXXX.
Xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx x xxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> request support information | save rsi-dunkel-01202010.log
Wrote 7679 lines of output to rsi-dunkel-01202010.log

Xxx XXXX xx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxx:


server-1>sftp ps@dunkel
Connecting to dunkel...
ps@dunkels password:
sftp> get rsi-dunkel-01202010.log
Fetching /var/home/ps/rsi-dunkel-01202010.log to rsi-dunkel-01202010.log
/var/home/ps/rsi-dunkel-01202010.log
100% 381KB 381.2KB/s 00:00

Log Files
Xx xx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxx XXXX xx xxxx x xxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx, xxxxx xxxxx xx xxx /xxx/xxx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx. Xxxxx xx XXXX xxxxxxx xx xxxx
xxxx xxx xxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxx:
sftp> cd /var/log
sftp> get messages
Fetching /var/log/messages to messages
/var/log/messages
100% 32KB 31.7KB/s 00:00
sftp> get chassisd
Fetching /var/log/chassisd to chassisd
/var/log/chassisd
100% 1967KB 1.9MB/s 00:01

Xxx xxx xxxx xxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xx xxxx x


XXXX xxxx. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx, xx xxxxxxxxx, xxxxxx xx
xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.

Summary
Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx
xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx, xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxx, xxx xx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxx
xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxx XXX. Xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx, xxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxx XXX, xxxxx xxxxx x
xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx XXX xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxx Xxxxx XXX xxx xxx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
Xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx x xxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxx

xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx XXXx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx


x xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx.
MORE? Need more on Junos? See the other booklets in this Day One

series, Junos Fundamentals, at http://www.juniper.net/dayone.


32

Day One: Junos Monitoring and Troubleshooting


Chapter 3: CLI Instrumentation
33
40
Day One: Junos Monitoring and Troubleshooting
Chapter 4: System Monitoring and Troubleshooting 41

Xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx


xxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx
xxxx xx xxx xxxxx xxxxxx, XXXX xxxxxxx, XXXX xxxxx, xxx
XXX xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xx
xxxx xxxxxx. Xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xx xxx xxxxx xxx
xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx.

Syslog
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxx-xxxx,
xxx xxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxx xx xxx
xxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx. Xx xxx
xxxx xxxx, xxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx. X xxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx
xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx, xxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx
xx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xx xxxxx xx xxx /xxx/xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxx
xxxx xxxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx, xxxxxxxxx xx
xxx xxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxx xxxx xx x xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx.
BEST PRACTICE To limit the amount of writing done to the local hard drive or

compact flash disk, its recommended that local system


logging be configured conservatively the logging levels can
be increased and additional tracing can be enabled whenever
troubleshooting is necessary.
Xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx,
xxx xx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx xx
xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx
xxxxx.
Xxxx, xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxx

xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx. Xx xxxxxx xxx


xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx, xx xx xxxx xx xxxx
xxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx, xx xxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxx-xxxxx xxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxx . Xxx
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx
xxxxxxxxx, xx xx xxxxxxx:
DebugInfo Notice WarningError CriticalAlert
Emergency
NOTE Junos supports all syslog severities but debug.

Lets show a default configuration that performs the following


three functions:
1. Enables the logging of any messages of level emergency

or higher to the user (messages are displayed to the


console or terminal);

2. Any messages of type authorization with a level of info or

higher, or any message of type notice or higher, are sent


to a file called messages, which is stored in /var/log;
3. And, any interactive-commands issued by users are sent

to a file called interactive-commands, which is also kept in


/var/log:

ps@dunkel-re0> show configuration system syslog


user * {
any emergency;
}
file messages {
any notice;
authorization info;
}
file interactive-commands {
interactive-commands any;
}

Xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx x xxxx xxxxx, xxx xxxxx


xxxx xx xxxxxx xx xx xxxx xxxx xxxxx. Xxxxx xxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xx XXX xxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx,
xxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxx.
Xxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxx
xxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx
xxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxx
xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx x xxxx. Xxxxx, xxx xxxxxx
xx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xx xxxx
xxxxxx xxxx xx x xxxxxx xxxxxx xx 172.19.110.10:

ps@dunkel-re0> configure
Entering configuration mode
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# set system syslog host
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# set system syslog host
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# set system syslog host
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# set system syslog host
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# show system syslog
user * {
any emergency;
}
host 172.19.110.10 {
any notice;
change-log any;
interactive-commands any;
facility-override local3;
}
file messages {
any notice;
authorization info;
}
file interactive-commands {
interactive-commands any;
}
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# show | compare
[edit system syslog]
+ host 172.19.110.10 {
+
any notice;
+
change-log any;
+
interactive-commands any;
+
facility-override local3;
+ }
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# commit
commit complete

172.19.110.10 any notice


172.19.110.10 interactive-commands any
172.19.110.10 change-log any
172.19.110.10 facility-override local3

Xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxx, xxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxx x
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx3.
Xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx,
xxxxxxxxx Xxxxx 1 xxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx
xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx x xxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxx? Xxxx xxx x Xxx Xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx x
xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xx
xxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxxx xxx XXXXX xxxx xx xx-3/3/2:
ps@dunkel-re0> configure
Entering configuration mode
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# set interfaces so-3/3/2 disable
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# commit
commit complete
Resulting syslog message:
Jan 19 15:48:41 172.19.110.171 mib2d[4549]: SNMP_TRAP_LINK_DOWN: ifIndex 151,
ifAdminStatus down(2), ifOperStatus down(2), ifName so-3/3/2

Xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx. Xxx xx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxx.


Xxx xxx xxxx x xxxxxxx, xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx. Xx xxxxx xxx
xxxxxx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxx-xxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxx, xxxx xxxx xxxx xx xxx
xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxx.

SNMP Polling
Xxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx, xxxx xxxx xx xx xxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (XXXX). XXXX xxx xx xxxx
xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xx xxxxxxxx
xxxx XXXX xxxxxxxx, xxxxxx xxxxx.
NOTE SNMP is disabled by default on Juniper Networks routers.

Xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx XXXX xxxxxxx


xxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxx xx XXXX xxxxxxxxx xx xx4xx15x (xx
XXXX xxxxxxxxx xx x xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxx):
ps@dunkel-re0> configure
Entering configuration mode
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# set snmp community tr4pp15t authorization read-only
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# set snmp community tr4pp15t clients 172.19.110.10/32
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# show snmp
community tr4pp15t {
authorization read-only;
clients {
172.19.110.10/32;
}
}
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# show | compare
[edit snmp]
+ community tr4pp15t {
+
authorization read-only;
+
clients {
+
172.19.110.10/32;
+
}
+ }
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# commit
commit complete

Xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx-xxxx XXXX xxxxxx xxxx xx


XXXX xxxxxx xxxxxxx xx 172.19.110.10.
Xxx XXXX xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxx xxx xx4xx15x xxxxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxx xxx XXXX xxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxx
xx xxxxxxx xx XXXX xxxxx xx xxxxxx.xxxXxxxx.0 xx xxx xxxxxx
xxxx 172.19.110.10 (xxx-1).
NOTE The system.sysDescr.0 string is an object identifier (OID) that

instructs the router on what value to respond with.


Xx xxxx xxxx, xxxxx xxx xxxxxx.xxxXxxxx.0 XXX, xxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx Xxxxx xxxxxx. Xxxxx

xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx, xxxxxxxx, xxxxxx, xxx xxxxx


xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxx:
nms-1> snmpget -v2c -c tr4pp15t dunkel system.sysDescr.0
SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0 = STRING: Juniper Networks, Inc. m320 internet router, kernel Junos 10.1R1.8
#0: 2010-02-12 17:15:05 UTC
builder@queth.juniper.net:/volume/build/Junos/10.1/release/10.1R1.8/obj-i386/bsd/sys/compile/JUNIPER
Build date: 2010-02-12 16:37:34 UTC Copyright (c) 1996

Xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxx xxxxxxx XXXX xxxx


xx xxx xxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx:
server-1> snmpget -v2c -c tr4pp15t dunkel system.sysDescr.0
Timeout: No Response from dunkel.

Xxx xxxxx xxxxx-xxx, xxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxx


xxxxxxxxx xx XXXX xxxxxxx xxxx 172.19.110.10.
Xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx XXXX xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xx xxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx
xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx.
BEST PRACTICE Juniper recommends that you configure the following base

objects to monitor system operation:


Hardware inventory
Routing engine CPU utilization
Routing engine memory utilization
Routing engine temperature
Xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx XXXX xxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxx xxxxxx.

Hardware Inventory
Xx xxxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxx xxx
xxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxx xxx XXXX xxxx
xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx:
Xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx XXX xx .1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.3.1.13.1.5
nms-1> snmpwalk -v2c -c tr4pp15t dunkel .1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.3.1.13.1.5
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.1.1.0.0 = STRING: midplane
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.2.1.0.0 = STRING: PEM 0
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.2.2.0.0 = STRING: PEM 1
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.2.3.0.0 = STRING: PEM 2
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.2.4.0.0 = STRING: PEM 3
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.4.1.1.0 = STRING: Top Left Front fan
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.4.1.2.0 = STRING: Top Right Rear fan
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.4.1.3.0 = STRING: Top Right Front fan
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.4.1.4.0 = STRING: Top Left Rear fan
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.4.2.1.0 = STRING: Bottom Left Front fan
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.4.2.2.0 = STRING: Bottom Right Rear fan
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.4.2.3.0 = STRING: Bottom Right Front fan
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.4.2.4.0 = STRING: Bottom Left Rear fan
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.4.3.1.0 = STRING: Rear Fan 1 (TOP)
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.4.3.2.0 = STRING: Rear Fan 2
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.4.3.3.0 = STRING: Rear Fan 3
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.4.3.4.0 = STRING: Rear Fan 4
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.4.3.5.0 = STRING: Rear Fan 5
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.4.3.6.0 = STRING: Rear Fan 6
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.4.3.7.0 = STRING: Rear Fan 7 (Bottom)
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.7.1.0.0 = STRING: FPC: M320 E2-FPC Type 3 @ 0/*/*

SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.7.2.0.0 = STRING: FPC: M320 E2-FPC Type 3 @ 1/*/*


SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.7.3.0.0 = STRING: FPC: M320 E2-FPC Type 2 @ 2/*/*
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.7.4.0.0 = STRING: FPC: M320 E2-FPC Type 1 @ 3/*/*
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.7.5.0.0 = STRING: FPC: M320 E2-FPC Type 1 @ 4/*/*
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.8.1.1.0 = STRING: PIC: 10x 1GE(LAN), 1000 BASE @ 0/0/*
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.8.1.2.0 = STRING: PIC: 10x 1GE(LAN), 1000 BASE @ 0/1/*
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.8.2.1.0 = STRING: PIC: 4x OC-48 SONET @ 1/0/*
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.8.2.2.0 = STRING: PIC: 8x 1GE(TYPE3), IQ2 @ 1/1/*
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.8.3.1.0 = STRING: PIC: 4x OC-12 SONET, SMIR @ 2/0/*
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.8.3.2.0 = STRING: PIC: 2x OC-12 ATM-II IQ, MM @ 2/1/*
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.8.4.1.0 = STRING: PIC: 1x OC-12 SONET, SMIR @ 3/0/*
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.8.4.2.0 = STRING: PIC: 1x OC-12 ATM-II IQ, MM @ 3/1/*
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.8.4.3.0 = STRING: PIC: 4x OC-3 SONET, SMIR @ 3/2/*
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.8.4.4.0 = STRING: PIC: 4x OC-3 SONET, MM @ 3/3/*
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.8.5.1.0 = STRING: PIC: 4x CHDS3 IQ @ 4/0/*
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.8.5.3.0 = STRING: PIC: 1x CHOC12 IQ SONET, SMIR @ 4/2/*
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.8.5.4.0 = STRING: PIC: 4x OC-3 SONET, SMIR @ 4/3/*
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.9.1.0.0 = STRING: Routing Engine 0
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.9.2.0.0 = STRING: Routing Engine 1
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.10.1.1.0 = STRING: FPM GBUS
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.10.1.2.0 = STRING: FPM Display
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.12.1.0.0 = STRING: CB 0
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.12.2.0.0 = STRING: CB 1
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.15.1.0.0 = STRING: SIB 0
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.15.2.0.0 = STRING: SIB 1
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.15.3.0.0 = STRING: SIB 2
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.5.15.4.0.0 = STRING: SIB 3

Xx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxx xxxx


xxxx xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx x
xxxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx
xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx. (Xxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx.)

Routing Engine CPU Utilization


Xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx x xxx xxxxx xx xxxxxx xxx XXX
xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxx. Xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx, xxx 9.1.0.0 xxx 9.2.0.0 xx xxxx
XXX xxxxxxxxxxx XXX:
CPU Utilization OID: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.3.1.13.1.8.x.x.x.x

Xxxxxxxx:
nms-1> snmpwalk -v2c -c tr4pp15t dunkel .1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.3.1.13.1.8.9.1.0.0
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.8.9.1.0.0 = Gauge32: 3
nms-1> snmpwalk -v2c -c tr4pp15t dunkel .1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.3.1.13.1.8.9.2.0.0
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.8.9.2.0.0 = Gauge32: 0

Xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx XXX xxxxxxxxxxx xx 3% xx xxxxxxx


xxxxxx 0 xxx 0% xx xxxxxxx-xxxxxx 1, xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
xxxxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxx 0 xx xxx xxxxxxx XX xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx 1 xx xxx xxxxxx.
Xxxxx xx xxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxx, xxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxx xx
xxx xxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show chassis routing-engine
Routing Engine status:
Slot 0:
Current state
Master
Election priority
Master

Temperature
45 degrees C / 113 degrees F
CPU temperature
52 degrees C / 125 degrees F
DRAM
3584 MB
Memory utilization
9 percent
CPU utilization:
User
0 percent
Background
0 percent
Kernel
3 percent
Interrupt
0 percent
Idle
97 percent
Model
RE-A-2000
Serial ID
1000702757
Start time
2010-01-19 11:42:50 PST
Uptime
21 hours, 50 minutes, 15 seconds
Load averages:
1 minute 5 minute 15 minute
0.00
0.03
0.02
Routing Engine status:
Slot 1:
Current state
Backup
Election priority
Backup
Temperature
43 degrees C / 109 degrees F
CPU temperature
47 degrees C / 116 degrees F
DRAM
3584 MB
Memory utilization
8 percent
CPU utilization:
User
0 percent
Background
0 percent
Kernel
0 percent
Interrupt
0 percent
Idle
100 percent
Model
RE-A-2000
Serial ID
1000699981
Start time
2010-01-19 11:28:08 PST
Uptime
22 hours, 4 minutes, 52 seconds

Xx xxxxx, xxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx.


Xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx, xxxxxx xx xx 100%:
Xxxxxxx-xxxxxx 0 - 3% + 97% = 100%
Xxxxxxx-xxxxxx 1 - 0% + 100% = 100%

Routing Engine Memory Utilization


Xxx xxx xxxx xxx XXXX xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx,
xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx XXX xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx:
Memory Utilization OID: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.3.1.13.1.11.x.x.x.x
Warning level: 70%

Xxxxxxxx:
nms1> snmpwalk -v2c -c tr4pp15t dunkel .1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.3.1.13.1.11.9.1.0.0
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.11.9.1.0.0 = Gauge32: 9
nms-1> snmpwalk -v2c -c tr4pp15t dunkel .1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.3.1.13.1.11.9.2.0.0
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.11.9.2.0.0 = Gauge32: 8

Xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxx 0 xx xxxxxxx xx 9%


xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxx 1 xx xxxxxxx xx
8% xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxx, xx xxxxxx xxxxxxx, xx xxxx
xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show chassis routing-engine

Routing Engine status:


Slot 0:
Current state
Master
Election priority
Master
Temperature
45 degrees C / 113 degrees F
CPU temperature
52 degrees C / 125 degrees F
DRAM
3584 MB
Memory utilization
9 percent
CPU utilization:
User
0 percent
Background
0 percent
Kernel
3 percent
Interrupt
0 percent
Idle
97 percent
Model
RE-A-2000
Serial ID
1000702757
Start time
2010-01-19 11:42:50 PST
Uptime
21 hours, 50 minutes, 15 seconds
Load averages:
1 minute 5 minute 15 minute
0.00
0.03
0.02
Routing Engine status:
Slot 1:
Current state
Backup
Election priority
Backup
Temperature
43 degrees C / 109 degrees F
CPU temperature
47 degrees C / 116 degrees F
DRAM
3584 MB
Memory utilization
8 percent
CPU utilization:
User
0 percent
Background
0 percent
Kernel
0 percent
Interrupt
0 percent
Idle
100 percent
Model
RE-A-2000
Serial ID
1000699981
Start time
2010-01-19 11:28:08 PST
Uptime
22 hours, 4 minutes, 52 seconds

Xxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx


xxxxxxxxxxx.

Routing Engine Temperature


Xxx xxxx XXXX xxxxxx xxxx xxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx
xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx, xxx xx xx
xxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxx
xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxxx xxxxxxx XXXx xxx XXXx (Xxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx)
xxxxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show chassis temperature-thresholds
Fan speed
Yellow alarm
Red alarm
Item
Normal High Normal Bad fan Normal Bad fan
Chassis default
48
54
65
55
75
65

Routing Engine 0
Routing Engine 1
FPC 0
FPC 1
FPC 2
FPC 3
FPC 4
FPC 5
FEB 0
FEB 1
FEB 2
FEB 3
FEB 4
FEB 5

70
70
55
55
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48

80
80
60
60
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54

95
95
75
75
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70

95
95
65
65
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60

110
110
90
90
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80

110
110
80
80
70
70
70
70
72
72
72
72
72

Xxx XXXX xxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx


xxxxxxxxxxxx xx: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.3.1.13.1.7.x.x.x.x xxx
xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx.
Xxx xxxx xxx x xxx xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx-xxxxxx 0
(9.1.0.0):
nms1 > snmpwalk -v2c -c tr4pp15t dunkel .1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.3.1.13.1.7.9.1.0.0
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.7.9.1.0.0 = Gauge32: 45

Xxx xx xxxxxxx-xxxxxx 1 (9.2.0.0):


nms-1> snmpwalk -v2c -c tr4pp15t dunkel .1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.3.1.13.1.7.9.2.0.0
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.1.13.1.7.9.2.0.0 = Gauge32: 43

Xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx XXXX xxxxxx xxxxx xxx


xxxxxxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show chassis routing-engine
Routing Engine status:
Slot 0:
Current state
Master
Election priority
Master
Temperature
45 degrees C / 113 degrees F
CPU temperature
52 degrees C / 125 degrees F
DRAM
3584 MB
Memory utilization
9 percent
CPU utilization:
User
0 percent
Background
0 percent
Kernel
2 percent
Interrupt
0 percent
Idle
97 percent
Model
RE-A-2000
Serial ID
1000702757
Start time
2010-01-19 11:42:50 PST
Uptime
22 hours, 2 minutes, 35 seconds
Load averages:
1 minute 5 minute 15 minute
0.00
0.00
0.00
Routing Engine status:
Slot 1:
Current state
Backup
Election priority
Backup
Temperature
43 degrees C / 109 degrees F
CPU temperature
47 degrees C / 116 degrees F
DRAM
3584 MB
Memory utilization
8 percent
CPU utilization:
User
0 percent
Background
0 percent
Kernel
0 percent
Interrupt
0 percent

xxxx xxxxxxx

Idle
Model
Serial ID
Start time
Uptime

100 percent
RE-A-2000
1000699981
2010-01-19 11:28:08 PST
22 hours, 17 minutes, 14 seconds

Xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx XXXX xxxxx


xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx XXX xxxxxx.

SNMP traps
Xx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx, XXXX xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx
xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxx XXX xxxxxx, xx xx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx
xxxxx xx xx xxxxx xx xxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx XXXX xxxxxxxx, xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxx, xxxxxx xxxxxxx xx XXX xxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xx
xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx.
Xx XXXX xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxx XXXX
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxx,
xxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx XXXX xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxx xxx xx XXXX xxxxxx xxxx xxxx xx xxxxx. Xxxx
xxxxx xxxx xx XXXX xxxx xx 172.19.110.10 xxxx x xxxxxxxxx
xx xx4xx15x; xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx
xxxx xx xxxxx.
Xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxx xx
xxxxxxx, xx xxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxx XXXX xxxx xxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> configure
Entering configuration mode
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# set snmp trap-group tr4pp15t targets 172.19.110.10
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# set snmp trap-group tr4pp15t categories ?
Possible completions:
+ apply-groups
Groups from which to inherit configuration data
+ apply-groups-except Dont inherit configuration data from these groups
authentication
Authentication failures
chassis
Chassis or environment notifications
configuration
Configuration notifications
link
Link up-down transitions
remote-operations Remote operations
rmon-alarm
RMON rising and falling alarms
routing
Routing protocol notifications
services
Services notifications
> sonet-alarms
SONET alarm trap subcategories
startup
System warm and cold starts
vrrp-events
VRRP notifications

Xxxx, xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx,


xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxxx, xxxxxxx, xxxxx-xxxxxx, xxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx:
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# set snmp trap-group tr4pp15t categories authentication
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# set snmp trap-group tr4pp15t categories chassis
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# set snmp trap-group tr4pp15t categories configuration

[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0#
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0#
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0#
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0#

set snmp trap-group tr4pp15t categories link


set snmp trap-group tr4pp15t categories routing
set snmp trap-group tr4pp15t categories sonet-alarms
set snmp trap-group tr4pp15t categories startup
Xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxx (xx xxxxxxxxxxxxx

xxxx) xx
xxxxxxx xxx XXXX xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx:

[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# show snmp
community tr4pp15t {
authorization read-only;
clients {
172.19.110.10/32;
}
}
trap-group tr4pp15t {
categories {
authentication;
chassis;
link;
routing;
startup;
configuration;
sonet-alarms;
}
targets {
172.19.110.10;
}
}

Xx xxxxx, xxx XXXX xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx


xxxxxx, 172.19.110.10, xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx-xxxx xxxxxx
xxx xxxx xxx xxx xx4xx15x xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxx x xxxxxxxxx xxx XXXX xxxxx, xxxxxxx XXXX xxxxx xx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx 172.10.110.10, xxxx xxxxx xxx
xx4xx15x xxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xxx xxxx | xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx
xxxx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx (xx xxxx xxxx xx xxx XXXX
xxxxxxxxxxxxx). Xxx - xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxx +
xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx:
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# show | compare
[edit snmp]
+ trap-group tr4pp15t {
+
categories {
+
authentication;
+
chassis;
+
link;
+
routing;
+
startup;
+
configuration;
+
sonet-alarms;
+
}
+
targets {
+
172.19.110.10;
+
}
+ }

Xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx:

[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# commit
commit complete

Xxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx


xxxxxxx x xxxx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxx, xxxxxxx xxx XXXXX
xxxx xx xx-3/3/2 xx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> configure
Entering configuration mode
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# set interfaces so-3/3/2 disable
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# commit
commit complete
Resulting SNMP trap:
172.19.110.171: Link Down Trap (0) Uptime: 22:24:50.09, IF-MIB::ifIndex.154 = INTEGER: 154, IFMIB::ifAdminStatus.154 = INTEGER: down(2), IF-MIB::ifOperStatus.154 = INTEGER: down(2), IFMIB::ifName.154 = STRING: so-3/3/2

Xxxx xxxxxxxx xxx XXXX xxxx xx xxxxxxxx.

Summary
Xxxx xx xxxxxxx x xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx
x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx XXX
xxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxx xxxxx xx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xx xx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxx xxxx-xxx xxxxxxx. Xxx
xxxxxxxxxx xx xx XXX, xx xxx xxxx xxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx, xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (xxx xxxxxxxxxx)
xxxxxxx xxx Xxxxx XXX.
42
56

Day One: Applying Junos Event Automation


Day One: Junos Monitoring and Troubleshooting
Chapter 5: Layer 1 and Layer 2 Monitoring and Troubleshooting

57

Xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx XXX xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xx


xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx
xxxx-xxxxxx xx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xx
Xxxxx 1 xxx Xxxxx 2, xxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxxxx xxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx
xxxxxx. Xx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx
xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx Xxxxx
1 xxx Xxxxx 2. Xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxx 1 xxx Xxxxx 2,
xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx, xxx
xxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx
xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxx.
ALERT!

For the remainder of the book, any monitoring and


troubleshooting refers to syslogs and SNMP traps (as

discussed in Chapters 3 and 4) and it is assumed that your


configuration approximates the syslog and SNMP
configurations.
Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx Xxxxx 1 xxx Xxxxx
2 xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx XXXXX, XXXX, Xxxxxxxx, xxx
XXX. Xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx, XXXX, xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xx
xxxxx xxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxx xxx XXXX xxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx Xxxxx 1 xxx Xxxxx 2 xxxxxx xxxx xx
xxxx-xxxx xxx xxxx-xx. Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx
xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.

Important Interface Commands


Xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx XXX xxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxxx
xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx (Xxxxxx 1 xxx 2)
xxxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (Xxxxxx 2 xxx 3)
xxxxxxxxxx.

Layer 1 Monitoring and Troubleshooting


Xxxxx 1 xx x xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxx XXX xxxxx xxxx
xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx
xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxx x xxxxxx. XXXXX/XXX xxx Xxxxxxxx
xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx-xxxxx Xxxxx 1 xxxxxxxxx. XXXXX xx
xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx Xxxxx 1 xxxxxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx x XXXXX xxxxxxxxx. Xxx
xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx
xxx xxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show interfaces so-2/0/0 extensive
Physical interface: so-2/0/0, Enabled, Physical link is Up
Interface index: 162, SNMP ifIndex: 154, Generation: 163
Link-level type: PPP, MTU: 4474, Clocking: Internal, SONET mode, Speed: OC12,
Loopback: None, FCS: 16, Payload scrambler: Enabled
Device flags : Present Running
Interface flags: Point-To-Point SNMP-Traps Internal: 0x4000
Link flags
: Keepalives
Hold-times
: Up 0 ms, Down 0 ms
Keepalive settings: Interval 10 seconds, Up-count 1, Down-count 3
Keepalive statistics:
Input : 0 (last seen: never)
Output: 0 (last sent: never)
LCP state: Opened
NCP state: inet: Opened, inet6: Not-configured, iso: Not-configured, mpls:
Not-configured
CHAP state: Closed
PAP state: Closed
CoS queues
: 8 supported, 8 maximum usable queues

Last flapped : 2010-01-19 11:49:06 PST (1d 02:43 ago)


Statistics last cleared: 2010-01-20 14:32:52 PST (00:00:02 ago)
Traffic statistics:
Input bytes :
192
760 bps
Output bytes :
89
808 bps
Input packets:
4
1 pps
Output packets:
1
1 pps
IPv6 transit statistics:
Input bytes :
0
Output bytes :
0
Input packets:
0
Output packets:
0
Input errors:
Errors: 0, Drops: 0, Framing errors: 0, Runts: 0, Giants: 0, Bucket drops: 0,
Policed discards: 0, L3 incompletes: 0, L2 channel errors: 0, L2 mismatch timeouts: 0,
HS link CRC errors: 0, HS link FIFO overflows: 0
Output errors:
Carrier transitions: 0, Errors: 0, Drops: 0, Aged packets: 0,
HS link FIFO underflows: 0, MTU errors: 0
Egress queues: 8 supported, 4 in use
Queue counters:
Queued packets Transmitted packets
Dropped packets
0 best-effort
2
2
0
1 expedited-fo
0
0
0
2 assured-forw
0
0
0
3 network-cont
2
2
0
SONET alarms : None
SONET defects : None
SONET PHY:
Seconds
Count State
PLL Lock
0
0 OK
PHY Light
0
0 OK
SONET section:
BIP-B1
0
0
SEF 0
0 OK
LOS 0
0 OK
LOF 0
0 OK
ES-S 0
SES-S
0
SEFS-S
0
SONET line:
BIP-B2
0
0
REI-L 0
0
RDI-L0
0 OK
AIS-L 0
0 OK
BERR-SF
0
0 OK
BERR-SD
0
0 OK
ES-L 0
SES-L
0
UAS-L
0
ES-LFE
0
SES-LFE
0
UAS-LFE
0
SONET path:
BIP-B3
0
0
REI-P 0
0
LOP-P
0
0 OK
AIS-P0
0 OK
RDI-P
0
0 OK
UNEQ-P
0
0 OK
PLM-P
0
0 OK
ES-P 0
SES-P
0
UAS-P
0
ES-PFE
0
SES-PFE
0
UAS-PFE
0
Received SONET overhead:

F1
: 0x00, J0
: 0x00, K1
: 0x00, K2
: 0x00
S1
: 0x00, C2
: 0xcf, C2(cmp) : 0xcf, F2
: 0x00
Z3
: 0x00, Z4
: 0x00, S1(cmp) : 0x00
Transmitted SONET overhead:
F1
: 0x00, J0
: 0x01, K1
: 0x00, K2
: 0x00
S1
: 0x00, C2
: 0xcf, F2
: 0x00, Z3
: 0x00
Z4
: 0x00
Received path trace: pilsener-re0 so-2/2/0
70 69 6c 73 65 6e 65 72 2d 72 65 30 20 73 6f 2d pilsener-re0 so32 2f 32 2f 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2/2/0...........
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0d 00 ................
Transmitted path trace: dunkel-re0 so-2/0/0
64 75 6e 6b 65 6c 2d 72 65 30 20 73 6f 2d 32 2f dunkel-re0 so-2/
30 2f 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0/0.............
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
HDLC configuration:
Policing bucket: Disabled
Shaping bucket : Disabled
Giant threshold: 4484, Runt threshold: 3
Packet Forwarding Engine configuration:
Destination slot: 2, PLP byte: 1 (0x00)
Direction : Output
CoS transmit queue
Bandwidth
Buffer Priority Limit
%
bps
%
usec
0 best-effort
95
590976000 95
0
low none
3 network-control
5
31104000
5
0
low none
Logical interface so-2/0/0.0 (Index 66) (SNMP ifIndex 179) (Generation 134)
Flags: Point-To-Point SNMP-Traps 0x4000 Encapsulation: PPP
Protocol inet, MTU: 4470, Generation: 141, Route table: 0
Addresses, Flags: Is-Preferred Is-Primary
Destination: 18.32.74.0/30, Local: 18.32.74.1, Broadcast: 18.32.74.3,
Generation: 144

Xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx, xxxxx xx xxxxx, xx


xxxxx xxxx xxxx xx xxxx xxx xx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxx
1 xxx Xxxxx 2 xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx
xxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxx.

SONET Mode
Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx XXXXX XXXx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx
XXXXX xx XXX xxxx.
XXXXX (Xxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx) xxx XXX
(Xxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx) xxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx
xx Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx XX-253-XXXX. Xxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx.
XXXXX xxx XXX xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx. XXX xxx
xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxx xx xxxxxx xx x xxxxx-xxx xx
XXXXX, xxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx XXX xxx
xxxxxxx xxx xx XXXXX xxxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxxxx, XXX xx
xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx.

Xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx


xxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xx xxxx xxxx. Xxx xxx xxxx xx
xxxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxx XXXXX/XXX xxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx
xxx xxxxxxx. Xxx XXXXX/XXX xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xx xxx
XXX. XXXXX xxx XXX xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx Xxxx xx Xxxxx
XXXXX xxxxxx (xxxxxxxxx xxxxx).
FCS

Xxx XXX, xx xxxxx xxxxxxxx, xx xxxx xxx xxxxxx


xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xx xxx x 16-xxx
xxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx x 32-xxx
xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxx xxx xx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xx
xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx
xxxxxxxxx [xxxxxxxxx xxxx] xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx [xxxxxxxxx xxxx] xxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxxx
xxxxx.
Payload Scrambling

Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxx xx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx, xx


x xxxxxx xxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxxxxxxxxx x XXXXX xxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxx xxxx XXXXX xxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx xxxx
xxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxx xx x xxxxxxx, xxx x xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxx XXXXX xxxxxx.
Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxxx xx xxx XXX-X XX-253
xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx (xx xxxxxxx
xx xxxxxx) xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx. Xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx
xxxxxx xxx x X1, xxx xxxxxxx, xx 12.5 xxxxxxx, xx xxx xxx
xx xxxxx xxxx.
Xx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xx
xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx
xxx xxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxx XXXXX xxxxxxxxxx xx
Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxx. X xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxx XXXXX xxxxx xxxxxx (xxxx xx
xxxxxxx) xx xxxxxx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxx
xxxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx
x Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxx. Xxx
xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx.
BEST PRACTICE As with FCS, it is advisable to simply check that both sides

are configured with the same payload-scrambling setting, and


best practice recommends that you enable payloadscrambling on both sides.
Input Errors

Xxxx xxxxxxxxx XXXXX xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx


xxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx, xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xx x
xxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxxx, xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxx xx xx XXX
xxxxxxxx (16 xx xxx xxxx xxx 32 xx xxx xxxxx, xxx xxxxxxx)
xx xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx
xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx (64 xxxxx xx XXXXX). Xxxxx xxx xxx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx
xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx (16XX). Xxxxx xxx xx xxxxxx xx
xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx, xxx
xxx xxxx xx xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx. Xx xxxxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxx
xxx, xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx
xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx.

SONET Alarms and Defects


XXXXX xx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxx 1 xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxx xx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xx xxxx xxx xx xx xx
xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx Xxxxx 1.
Xx xxxxxxxxxxxx XXXXX xxxxx, xx xx xxxxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx XXXXX. Xxx
XXXXX/XXX xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xx xx xxxxx xxxxxx: xxxxxxx,
xxxx, xxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xx Xxxxxx 5-1.
Xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xx
xxxxxxx xx x xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xx
xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xx x xxxxxx,
xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, xx xxx-xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx (XXX).
Xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxx Xxxxxxx
Xxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx (XXX).
Xxx xxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx XXXXX/XXX xxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx xx Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx (XXXx) xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxx XXXx.
Xxxxxxx, xx xxx xxxx xxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx
(XXXx, xxxx xx x xxxxxx) xxxxxxx xxx-XXXXX/XXX xxxxxxxx
xx xxx XXXXX/XXX xxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxxx xxxxx.
Figure 5-1

Sample SONET Network

Xxxxx Xxxxxx 5-1 xx x xxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx


xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxx XXXXX xxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxx, xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xx xxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.

Loss of Signal (LOS)

X xxxx xx xxxxxx (XXX) xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xx x


xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx XXXXX xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxxx. Xx xxxxxx xxx XXX xxxxx, xxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx xxx xxxxx XXXXX
xxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx x XXX
xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx:
Active alarms: LOL, PLL, LOS
Active defects: LOL, PLL, LOF, LOS, SEF, AIS-L, AIS-P, PLM-P
Loss of Frame (LOF)

XXXXX xxxx xxx X1 xxx X2 xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx


xx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx. Xx xx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx, xx XXX xxxxx xx xxxxxx. Xx xxx
xxxxxxx xx XXX xxxxx, xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx XXXXX xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx
xxxx xxxxx xx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (xxx xxxxxxx, XXXXX xx
XXX) xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)

Xx XXX xxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xx xxxxx


xxxxxxxxx. Xxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxx xx XXX xxxxxx:
Alarm indication signal line (AIS-L): Sent by an STE to a
downstream LTE when an LOS or LOF is detected on an
upstream SONET section.
Alarm indication signal path (AIS-P): Sent by an LTE to a
downstream PTE when an LOS or LOF is detected on an
upstream SONET section.
Remote Defect Indication (RDI)

Xxx XXX xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx XXX xxx xx xxxx


xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx. Xxxx XXX, xxxxx xxx
xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxx.
Remote defect indication line (RDI-L): Sent upstream to a
peer LTE when an AIS-L or low-level defects are detected.
Remote defect indication path (RDI-P): Sent upstream to a
peer PTE when a defect in the signal, typically an AIS-P, is
detected.
Remote Error Indication (REI)

X xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxx xx


xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx. Xxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xx XXX
xxxxxx:
Remote error indication line (REI-L): Sent to the upstream
LTE when errors are detected in the B2 byte.
Remote error indication path (REI-P): Sent to the upstream

PTE when errors are detected in the B3 byte.


Bit Error Rate (BER)

Xxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxx xx


XXX-X2 xxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx. Xxxxx xxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx. Xxxxxxxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxxx, xxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xx XXX xxxxxx. Xx xxxx
xxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx.
Xxx xxxxx xxxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxx (XXXX-XX) xx xxxxxxxx xxxx
x xxx xxxxx xxxx xx 10^-6 xx xxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxxx xxxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxx (XXXX-XX) xx xxxxxxxx xxxx
x xxx xxxxx xxxx xx 10^-3 xx xxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxx xx xxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx:
Degrading optical fiber
Optical transmitter or receiver problems
Dirty fiber-optic connector
Clocking issues
Too much attenuation in the optical signal
BIP-B1 and BIP-B3 are not used in the BER alarm
calculations
Payload Label Mismatch (PLM)

Xxx X2 xxxx xx xxxx xx x xxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xx


xxxxxxx xxx XXXXX xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx, xxxx xxx Xxxxxxxxx
xxxxx xx xx Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx. Xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx
xx XX, xxxxx xxxxxxxxx XX xxxxxx XXX xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxx xx 16,
xxxxx xxxxxxxxx XX xxxxxx XXX xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx.
X xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx X2 xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx XXX-X
(Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx [Xxxx]) xxx XXX-X (Xxxx Xxxxx
Xxxxxxxx [Xxxx]).
Xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxx xx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx X2
xxxx xxxxxxx. X X2 xxxxxxx xx 0x00 xxxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (XXXX-X) xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx x
xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Loss of Pointer Path (LOP-P)

Xx XXX-X xxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx


xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx
xxxxx. Xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx X1 xxx X2 xxxxx, xxxxxxx
xx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xx XXXXX xxxxxxxx, xxx xx xxx

xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xx


xxx xxxxxxx.
Phase Lock Loop (PLL)

Xxx XXX xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx XXX xxxxxx xxxx xx xx x


xxxxxx xxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx. Xxx
xxxxxxx:
Xx xxx X20 xxx X40 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx XX48-XX-XX
XXX xxx xxx X160 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx XX192 xxxxx,
xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx:
An out-of-tolerance clock on the transmitting device, if
clocking external is configured.
An out-of-tolerance clock on the transmitting device or a
problem with the board being unable to lock on to its
internal clock to derive the transmit clock, if clocking
internal is configured.
Xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxxxxxxx:
Configure clocking to external. If the alarm disappears,
the board might not have locked to the internal clock used
to derive the outgoing clock.
Configure clocking to internal and make sure that a
loopback fiber is plugged in. If the PLL alarm persists, it is
most likely a hardware problem. However, you may not be
able to determine if the direction is on the inbound or
outbound side of the board.

Layer 2 Monitoring and Troubleshooting


Xxx xxxx xxxxx xx xx xxx XXX xxxxx, Xxxxx 2, xxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxx xx
Xxxxx 2 xxxxxxxxx xxx Xxxxxxxx (xxx, xx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx
Xxxxx 1 xxx Xxxxx 2), xxxxx-xxxxx, xxx XXXX.
Xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx XXX (xxxxx-xx-xxxxx xxxxxxxx), x
xxxxxxx Xxxxx 2 xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx
XXX xxxxx xxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxx Xxxxx 1
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxxx xx xxxx xxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx Xxxxx 2 xxx xx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xx xxx xxxx
xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx
XXXXX xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxx
xx Xxxxx 2 (XXX) xxxxxxxxxxx:
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0> show interfaces so-1/2/3

Physical interface: so-1/2/3, Enabled, Physical link is Up


Interface index: 148, SNMP ifIndex: 133
Description: Connection to kenny so-1/2/3
Link-level type: PPP, MTU: 4474, Clocking: Internal, SONET mode, Speed: OC3,
Loopback: None, FCS: 16, Payload scrambler: Enabled
Device flags : Present Running
Interface flags: Point-To-Point SNMP-Traps Internal: 0x4000
Link flags
: Keepalives
Keepalive settings: Interval 10 seconds, Up-count 1, Down-count 3
Keepalive: Input: 275076 (02:44:12 ago), Output: 275032 (02:44:09 ago)
LCP state: Opened
NCP state: inet: Opened, inet6: Not-configured, iso: Not-configured, mpls:
Not-configured
CHAP state: Closed
PAP state: Closed
CoS queues
: 4 supported, 4 maximum usable queues
Last flapped : 2010-04-09 14:38:52 PDT (2d 23:50 ago)
Input rate
: 656 bps (0 pps)
Output rate : 696 bps (0 pps)
SONET alarms : None
SONET defects : None
Logical interface so-1/2/3.0 (Index 69) (SNMP ifIndex 142)
Flags: Point-To-Point SNMP-Traps 0x4000 Encapsulation: PPP
Protocol inet, MTU: 4470
Flags: None
Addresses, Flags: Is-Preferred Is-Primary
Destination: 10.33.18.4/30, Local: 10.33.18.6, Broadcast: 10.33.18.7
Xxx XXX xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx

xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx


xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx. XXX (Xxxx Xxxxxxx
Xxxxxxxx) xxx XXX (Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx) xxx
xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx XXX xxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx xx XXX. XXX xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxx xxxxxxxxxx (xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx) xxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxx xxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx (xxxxx xx x xxx xx xxxxxxxx).
XXX xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx XXX xxx xxxxx xx xx xxxx
xxxxx. Xxxxx XXX xxxxxxxxxx, XXX xxxxxxxx Xxxxx 3
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx x xxxxxxxxx
xx Xxxxx 3 xxxxxxxxx. Xx xxxx xxx, XXX xxxx xxx xxxx xx xx
xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx Xxxxx 3 xxxxxxxxx. Xxx XXX
xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xx xx xxxx xxxx xx XXXX, xxx
Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx. XXXX xxxxxxxxxx XX
xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx, XX
xxxxxxxxxx (xxx xxxxxxx, xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxx) xxx xxxxx xxxxxx. XXXX xxxx xxxx xx xxxx
xxx x xxxxx Xxxxx 3 xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxx
xxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx.

NOTE Other examples of NCP modules are IPv6CP for IP version 6,

IPxCP for Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) and ATCP (AppleTalk


Control Protocol).
Xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx
xxxx xxxx xx xxxx xxxxx, xxx xx xxxx Xxxxx 1, xxxx xxx
xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx x xxxx xxxxx
xx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xxxx XXX xx XXX xx xxx
xxxxxxx xx xx xxxx xxxxx.

Xxx XXXX xxx XXX xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx XXX xxxxxxxx (xx
xxx-xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx). XXXX xxx XXX xxx xxxx
xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxx XXX xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx.
XXXX xx XXX xxxxxxxx xxxxx XXX xxx XXX xxx xxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx. XXXX xxx XXX xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
xx xx xx. XXX xx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xx
xxxxx xxxx, xxxxx XXXX xxxxxx xx xx XX5 xxxx xx xxxxx
xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx
xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx. Xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xx x xxxxxx xx x xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx. Xx XXXX xx XXX xx xxxx, xx xx xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxx xxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx. Xxxxx xx x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx XXX xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx. Xx xx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx
xxx xxxxxxx. Xx xxxx xxxx, xxx xxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxx
xxxxxxx xxxx x XXX xxxx xxx xxxx XXX xx xxx xxxxxx.
ps@dunkel-re0> ping 10.33.18.5 count 5
PING 10.33.18.5 (10.33.18.5): 56 data bytes
--- 10.33.18.5 ping statistics --5 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
ps@dunkel-re0> show interfaces so-1/2/3
Physical interface: so-1/2/3, Enabled, Physical link is Up
Interface index: 148, SNMP ifIndex: 133
Description: Connection to maibock
Link-level type: PPP, MTU: 4474, Clocking: Internal, SONET mode, Speed: OC3,
Loopback: None, FCS: 16, Payload scrambler: Enabled
Device flags : Present Running
Interface flags: Point-To-Point SNMP-Traps Internal: 0x4000
Keepalive settings: Interval 10 seconds, Up-count 1, Down-count 3
Keepalive: Input: 0 (never), Output: 0 (never)
LCP state: Down
NCP state: inet: Not-configured, inet6: Not-configured, iso: Not-configured, mpls:
Not-configured
CHAP state: Closed
PAP state: Closed
CoS queues
: 4 supported, 4 maximum usable queues
Last flapped : 2010-04-09 14:38:52 PDT (3d 00:34 ago)
Input rate
: 80 bps (0 pps)
Output rate : 88 bps (0 pps)
SONET alarms : None
SONET defects : None
Logical interface so-1/2/3.0 (Index 73) (SNMP ifIndex 521)
Flags: Hardware-Down Point-To-Point SNMP-Traps 0x4000 Encapsulation: PPP
Protocol inet, MTU: 4470
Flags: Protocol-Down
Addresses, Flags: Dest-route-down Is-Preferred Is-Primary
Destination: 10.33.18.4/30, Local: 10.33.18.6, Broadcast: 10.33.18.7

Xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxx XXX xx


xxxx, xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx
xxxx. Xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx XXXX xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xx xxxx, xx xxxx xx x xxxx xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.

ps@dunkel-re0> show configuration interfaces so-1/2/3


description Connection to maibock;
unit 0 {
ppp-options {
chap {
default-chap-secret $9$PfF/9A0OIcF3hreKx7ik.539BIcM87cyvL; ## SECRET-DATA
}
}
family inet {
address 10.33.18.6/30;
}
}

Xxx xxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxx XXXX


xxxxxxx xx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx (xxx-xxxxxxxx xx xxx
xxxx) xx xxxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx, xx xxxx
xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xx Xxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx
xxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx
xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx x xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx
xxxxxxxx. Xx xxx xxxx xx XXX, xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx [xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx] xxxxxxxxx. Xxxxx
xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx,
xxx xxxx, xx xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxx, xxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxxx. Xxx xxxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxxx xx
xxxxxx xxx-xxx.xxx. Xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx XXX xxxxxxxxxxxx:
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# set protocols ppp traceoptions flag ?
Possible completions:
access
Trace access code
address-pool
Trace address pool code
all
Trace all areas of code
auth
Trace authentication code
chap
Trace CHAP code
ci
Trace ci code
config
Trace configuration code
ifdb
Trace interface database code
lcp
Trace LCP state machine code
memory
Trace memory management code
message
Trace message processing code
mlppp
Trace MLPPP code
ncp
Trace NCP state machine code
pap
Trace PAP code
ppp
Trace PPP protocol processing code
radius
Trace RADIUS processing code
redundancy
Trace redundancy code
rtsock
Trace routing socket code
session
Trace session management code
signal
Trace signal handling code
timer
Trace timer code
ui
Trace user interface code

Xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx XXX, xxx xx xxx


xxxxxxx XXXX xx xx xxx xxxxxxx, xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xx
xxxxx. XXX xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxxxxx,
xxxxx xxxxxx xxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx x xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxx x xxxxx xx xxx xx
xxxxx xxxx, xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx

xxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show configuration protocols ppp
traceoptions {
file ppp-log.txt;
level all;
flag chap;
}

Xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxx xxxx xx


xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxx. Xx xx xx, xxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx [xxxxxxxx]
xxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> monitor start ppp-log.txt

Xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxx


xxxxxxx xx XXXX xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxx xx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx x xxxx. Xxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx,
xxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0>
*** ppp-log.txt ***
Apr 12 16:12:20 so-1/2/3.0: CHAP - Stopping protocol timer
Apr 12 16:12:20 so-1/2/3.0: CHAP - Starting authentication
Apr 12 16:12:20 so-1/2/3.0: CHAP - End authen(0x8231004): FAILURE

Xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxx xxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx. Xxxx


xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxx
xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx XXX xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxx xx XXX. Xxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxx [xxxxxxxxx xxxx] xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxx
xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxx
xxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show ppp interface so-1/2/3 extensive
Sessions for interface so-1/2/3
Session so-1/2/3.0, Type: PPP, Phase: Establish
LCP
State: Creq-sent
Last started: 2010-04-12 16:16:16 PDT
Last completed: 2010-04-12 16:16:14 PDT
Negotiated options:
Authentication protocol: CHAP, Authentication algorithm: MD5,
Magic number: 2543706641, MRU: 4470
Authentication: CHAP
State: Closed
Last started: 2010-04-12 16:16:14 PDT
Last completed: 2010-04-12 16:13:26 PDT
IPCP
State: Closed
Last started: 2010-04-12 16:13:26 PDT
Last completed: 2010-04-12 16:13:26 PDT
Negotiated options:
Local address: 10.33.18.6, Remote address: 10.33.18.4, Primary DNS: 0.0.0.0,
Secondary DNS: 0.0.0.0
ps@dunkel-re0> show ppp summary
Interface
Session type Session phase
so-1/2/3.0
PPP
Authenticate

Session flags

Xx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, XXX xxx XXXX (xxx xxx xxxxx

xxxxxxxxxx Xxxxx 3 xxxxxxxxx) xxxxxx xx xx xx Xxxxxx


xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx Xxxxxxx.
Xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx (xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, xxxxx?):
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr

12
12
12
12

16:13:26
16:13:26
16:13:26
16:13:26

so-1/2/3.0:
so-1/2/3.0:
so-1/2/3.0:
so-1/2/3.0:

CHAP
CHAP
CHAP
CHAP

Starting protocol timer (2 sec, 0 nsec)


Stopping protocol timer
Starting authentication
End authen(0x8231004): SUCCESS
xxx XXXXXXX xxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxx

Xxxx
xxxx, xxx xxx xxxx
xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxx XXX xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx xxxx XXX xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
ps@dunkel-re0> show ppp interface so-1/2/3 extensive
Sessions for interface so-1/2/3
Session so-1/2/3.0, Type: PPP, Phase: Network
LCP
State: Opened
Last started: 2010-04-12 16:19:41 PDT
Last completed: 2010-04-12 16:19:41 PDT
Negotiated options:
Authentication protocol: CHAP, Authentication algorithm: MD5,
Magic number: 2544040945, MRU: 4470
Authentication: CHAP
State: Success
Last started: 2010-04-12 16:19:41 PDT
Last completed: 2010-04-12 16:19:41 PDT
IPCP
State: Opened
Last started: 2010-04-12 16:19:41 PDT
Last completed: 2010-04-12 16:19:41 PDT
Negotiated options:
Local address: 10.33.18.6, Remote address: 10.33.18.5, Primary DNS: 0.0.0.0,
Secondary DNS: 0.0.0.0
ps@dunkel-re0> show ppp summary
Interface
Session type Session phase
so-1/2/3.0
PPP
Network

Session flags

BEST PRACTICE Note that the states for LCP and IPCP are now Opened and

show ppp summary shows the session phase as Network.


Before you end your monitoring session, you should remove
the traceoptions configuration used for PPP debugging. While
traceoptions do not impact the router, it does create
unnecessary traceoptions configuration and files.
Xx xx xx, xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> configure
Entering configuration mode
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# delete protocols ppp traceoptions
[edit]
ps@dunkel-re0# commit and-quit
re0:
configuration check succeeds
re1:
commit complete
re0:

commit complete
Exiting configuration mode

Xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxx-xxx.xxx xxxx xxxxx xxx


xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xx
xxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxx xxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> monitor stop

Summary
Xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx XXXXX xxx XXX xx xxxxxxxxx xxx xx
xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxx 1 xxx 2 xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx.
XXXXX xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx xx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxx 1
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx,
xxx XXX xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx, xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xx xxxx
xxx xxx xxxxx Xxxxx 1 xx 2 xxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxxxx.
Xxxx xxxxxxxx, xx xx xxx XXXXX xx Xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx
Xxxxx 1 xx 2 xxxxxxxxxx, xx:
Use the instrumentation and information afforded by the
protocol.
This information is contained within the output of the
interface extensive command.

show

While output from show interface extensive provides a


snapshot; the monitor interface command provides
information in real time, updating its display of an
interfaces most important statistics, warnings, errors, and
attributes.
Xxx xxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxx xxxxxxx xx x XXXX xxxxxxxx:
dunkel-re0

Seconds: 36
Time: 10:32:10
Delay: 0/0/19
Interface: so-2/0/0, Enabled, Link is Up
Encapsulation: PPP, Keepalives, Speed: OC12
Traffic statistics:
Current delta
Input bytes:
408874 (0 bps)
[0]
Output bytes:
444937 (0 bps) [0]
Input packets:
31104 (0 pps)
[0]
Output packets:
31361 (0 pps)
[0]
Encapsulation statistics:
Input keepalives:
15527
[0]
Output keepalives:
15537
[0]
LCP state: Down
Error statistics:
Input errors:
0
[0]
Input drops:
0
[0]
Input framing errors:
255
[0]
Input runts:
0
[0]
Input giants:
0
[0]
Policed discards:
0
[0]
L3 incompletes:
255
[0]
L2 channel errors:
0
[0]
L2 mismatch timeouts:
0 Carrier transitiZ [0]
Interface warnings:
o Received keepalive count is zero

o INET NCP is not Opened


o LCP state is not Opened
Next=n, Quit=q or ESC, Freeze=f, Thaw=t, Clear=c, Interface=i

BEST PRACTICE Ensure that Layer 1 settings such as FCS, payload-scrambling

(both SONET and SDH), speed, flow-control, and duplex-mode


(all Ethernet) and Layer 3 settings such as authentication
agree. Also, understand the role your device plays in the
network (this is more important in SONET networks than
Ethernet networks).

58
76

Day One: Applying Junos Event Automation


Day One: Junos Monitoring and Troubleshooting
Chapter 6: Layer 3 Monitoring
77

Xx xxx, xxxx Xxx Xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx


xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx Xxxxx 1 xxx Xxxxx 2 xxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx 1 xxx Xxxxx 2 xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxx Xxxxx 3 xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, xx xx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xx XX xxxxxxx xx xx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx
xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxx.
Xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x
Xxxxx 3 XX xxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxx Xxxxx 1 xxx Xxxxx 2
xxxxxxxxxx, xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxx, XXXX, xxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxx 3 xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xx xx Xxxxx 1
xxx Xxxxx 2. Xxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx
xxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx. Xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xx XX xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xx
xxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx-xxxxxx.
Xx x Xxxxx 3 XX xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx:
Logging configurations associated with commonly used
protocols to ensure that the NMS systems are receiving
the appropriate logs.
Logs and SNMP traps and some of the important, protocol
related SNMP objects.
Useful operational mode commands for commonly
deployed IP protocols, including RIP, IS-IS, OSPF, and BGP.
The routing protocol process (RPD), which, among other
things, is responsible for logging and SNMP traps for
route protocol-related events.
NOTE Each protocol has its own set of logs and traps that are

created for events specific to the protocol. Some of these logs

and traps are automatic and some require configuration. For


example, BGP will not log neighbor state changes without
configuring the log-updown statement.

RIP
Xxxxx XXX xx x xxxxxxxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xx xxxx xxx xxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxx-xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx XXXX xx
XX-XX. XXX xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxxxx xx xx
xxxxxxxx xxxxx, xxx xx xxxx xx XXX xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx XXX
xxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xx xx xx xxxx.

RIP Operational Mode Commands


Xx xxxxxxx XXX xxxxxxxxx, xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx, xxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx XXX, xxxxxx xxxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx XXX xxxxxxxxx (xxxxx,
xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxx xxxxx):
ps@dunkel-re0> show rip neighbor
Source
Destination
Send Receive In
Neighbor
State Address
Address
Mode Mode
------------ -------------------- ------- --so-2/0/0.0
Up 18.32.74.1
224.0.0.9
mcast both

Met
1

Xxx xxxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxx


xxxxxxx XXX xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx-2/0/0, xxxxx xxx xx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx (xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxx
xxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx):
ps@dunkel-re0> show configuration protocols rip
group core-interfaces {
neighbor so-2/0/0.0;
}

Xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx


xx xxx xxxxx xx xx. Xx xxxxx xx xxxxxx xx xxx xx xxx xxxxxx
xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx XXX xxxxxxx xx xxx x xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx, xxx xx xxxx xx xxxxxxx
xxxx xxxxx xx x xxxxxxx xxx xxxx, xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show rip statistics
RIPv2 info: port 520; holddown 120s.
rts learned rts held down rqsts dropped resps dropped
0
0
0
0
so-2/0/0.0: 1 routes learned; 0 routes advertised; timeout 180s; update interval 30s
Counter
Total Last 5 min Last minute
----------------- ----------- ----------Updates Sent
0
0
0
Triggered Updates Sent
0
0
0
Responses Sent 0
0
0
Bad Messages
0
0
0
RIPv1 Updates Received 0
0
0
RIPv1 Bad Route Entries 0
0
0
RIPv1 Updates Ignored
0
0
0
RIPv2 Updates Received
7
7
3

RIPv2 Bad Route Entries


RIPv2 Updates Ignored
Authentication Failures
RIP Requests Received
RIP Requests Ignored

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

Xx xxx xxx xxx, XXX xx xxxxxxxxx XXXx2 xxxxxx xxxxxxxx,


xxxxx xx x xxxx xxxx. Xxx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx Xxxxx xx xxxxxxx XXX xxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxxx xxxx xx
xxxxxxxxx XXX xx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxx
xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx. Xxx xxxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxx xx xxx
xxxxx xxxx xx xxxx XXXXX xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx (xxxxx xxx XXXx2 Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxx xxx 1 xxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxx).
Xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx
xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx x XXX xxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show route protocol rip
inet.0: 10 destinations, 12 routes (10 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both
10.200.7.2/32
*[RIP/100] 00:00:02, metric 2, tag 0
> to 18.32.74.2 via so-2/0/0.0
224.0.0.9/32
*[RIP/100] 00:15:13, metric 1
MultiRecv
__juniper_private1__.inet.0: 5 destinations, 6 routes (5 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
__juniper_private2__.inet.0: 1 destinations, 1 routes (0 active, 0 holddown, 1 hidden)
__juniper_private1__.inet6.0: 5 destinations, 7 routes (5 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)

IS-IS
Xxxxx XX-XX xx x xxxx-xxxxx xxxxxxxx, xx xxx x xxxxxx xxx
xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx. Xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx,
XXXX xxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx xx xxxx
xx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx XX-XX xxxxxxxxx.

Logging
XX-XX xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx
xx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx XX xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx XXX
xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx (xx
xxx xx xxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxx XXX), xx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxx-xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx XXX xxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx
XXXX.
Xxxxxxxxxxxx, XXX xxxx xxxxxx xxx (xxx xxxxxx xx) xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxx xxx xxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxx xx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx. Xx
xxx xxxxx, xx xx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx, xxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx x xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxxx XX-XX xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx. Xxx xxxxxxxxx xx

xxxxxxxxxx xx x Xxxxx-2 xxxxxxx xxx xx xx xxxxxxxxx


xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show configuration protocols isis
level 1 disable;
interface so-2/0/0.0;

Xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xx, xxx xxxxxx xxxx xx


XXXXX xxxxxx xxxxxxx:
Jan 22 15:15:50 172.19.110.171 rpd[4550]: RPD_ISIS_ADJUP: IS-IS new L2 adjacency to pilsener-re0 on
so-2/0/0.0

X xxxx-xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxx:


Jan 22 15:28:21 172.19.110.171 rpd[4550]: RPD_ISIS_ADJDOWN: IS-IS lost L2 adjacency to pilsener-re0
on so-2/0/0.0, reason: Interface Down

Xx xxx xxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx


x xxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx
xxx xxxx xxxxx xx (xxxxxxx x xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx) xxx
xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx:
Jan 22 15:31:25 172.19.110.171 rpd[4550]: RPD_ISIS_ADJDOWN: IS-IS lost L2 adjacency to pilsener-re0
on so-2/0/0.0, reason: Aged Out

Xxx xxxxxxx, xx xxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx xx x xxxxx xxxxxxxx


xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx:
Jan 22 15:32:33 172.19.110.171 rpd[4550]: RPD_ISIS_ADJDOWN: IS-IS lost L2 adjacency to pilsener-re0
on so-2/0/0.0, reason: Level Mismatch

SNMP Traps
Xxxxx xxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx XXXX xxxxx xxxx xx
XX-XX xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx. Xx xxxxxxx, Xxxxx xxxx xxx
xxxx x xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxx, xx xxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx
xxxxx-xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx. Xxxxx-xxxxxxx
xxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx x xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxx, xx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show configuration event-options
policy isisNbrStateChange {
events [ rpd_isis_adjdown rpd_isis_adjup ];
then {
raise-trap;
}
}

Xxxx xxxxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx


xxxx xx XXXX xxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxx_xxxx_xxxxxxx xx
xxx_xxxx_xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxx xxxx. Xx xxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx, xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx XXXX xxxxx.
XX-XX xxxxxxxxx xx:
dunkel-re0.juniper.net [UDP: [172.19.110.171]:62313]: Trap , DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance =
Timeticks: (27422739) 3 days, 4:10:27.39,
SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapOID.0 = OID:
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.4.12.0.1,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.2.2 = STRING: RPD_ISIS_ADJUP,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.3.2 = Hex-STRING: 07 DA 01 16 17 39 33
00 2B 00 00 ,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.4.2 = INTEGER: 7,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.5.2 = INTEGER: 4,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.6.2 = Gauge32: 4550,

SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.7.2 = STRING: rpd,


SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.8.2 = STRING: dunkel-re0,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.9.2 = STRING: RPD_ISIS_ADJUP: IS-IS new L2
adjacency to pilsener-re0 on so-2/0/0.0,
SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapEnterprise.0 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.1.1.1.2.9

XX-XX xxxx xxxx:


dunkel-re0.juniper.net [UDP: [172.19.110.171]:62313]: Trap , DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance =
Timeticks: (27426926) 3 days, 4:11:09.26,
SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapOID.0 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.4.12.0.1,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.2.3 = STRING: RPD_ISIS_ADJDOWN,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.3.3 = Hex-STRING: 07 DA 01 16 17 3A 20
00 2B 00 00 , SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.4.3 = INTEGER: 6,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.5.3 = INTEGER: 4,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.6.3 = Gauge32: 4550,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.7.3 = STRING: rpd,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.8.3 = STRING: dunkel-re0,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.9.3 = STRING: RPD_ISIS_ADJDOWN:
IS-IS lost L2 adjacency to pilsener-re0 on so-2/0/0.0, reason: Interface Down,
SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapEnterprise.0 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.1.1.1.2.9
Soft failure on the remote side:dunkel-fxp0.pslab.juniper.net [UDP: [172.19.110.171]:62313]: Trap ,
DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (27434764) 3 days, 4:12:27.64,
SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapOID.0 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.4.12.0.1,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.2.5 = STRING: RPD_ISIS_ADJDOWN,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.3.5 = Hex-STRING: 07 DA 01 16 17 3B 33
00 2B 00 00 , SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.4.5 = INTEGER: 6,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.5.5 = INTEGER: 4,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.6.5 = Gauge32: 4550,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.7.5 = STRING: rpd,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.8.5 = STRING: dunkel-re0,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.9.5 = STRING: RPD_ISIS_ADJDOWN:
IS-IS lost L2 adjacency to pilsener-re0 on so-2/0/0.0, reason: Aged Out,
SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapEnterprise.0 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.1.1.1.2.9

Xxxxx xxxxxxxx:
dunkel-fxp0.pslab.juniper.net [UDP: [172.19.110.171]:62313]: Trap , DISMAN-EVENTMIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (27438490) 3 days, 4:13:04.90,
SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapOID.0 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.4.12.0.1,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.2.7 = STRING: RPD_ISIS_ADJDOWN,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.3.7 = Hex-STRING: 07 DA 01 17 00 00 1C
00 2B 00 00 , SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.4.7 = INTEGER: 6,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.5.7 = INTEGER: 4,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.6.7 = Gauge32: 4550,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.7.7 = STRING: rpd,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.8.7 = STRING: dunkel-re0,
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.3.35.1.1.1.9.7 = STRING: RPD_ISIS_ADJDOWN:
IS-IS lost L2 adjacency to pilsener-re0 on so-2/0/0.0, reason: Level Mismatch,
SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapEnterprise.0 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.1.1.1.2.9

IS-IS Operational Mode Commands


Xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx XX-XX xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx XX-XX
xxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx XX-XX
xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxx. Xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx
(XXX).
Xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx, xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx XX-XX XXX xx
xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xx xxxx. Xx XX-XX xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx

xxxxxx xxxx xx
ps@dunkel-re0> show isis adjacency
Interface
System
L State
so-2/0/0.0
pilsener-re0 2 New

xx

xxxxx:

Hold (secs) SNPA


23

ps@dunkel-re0> show isis adjacency


Interface
System
L State
Hold (secs) SNPA
so-2/0/0.0
pilsener-re0 2 Initializing
26
ps@dunkel-re0> show isis adjacency
Interface
System
L State
so-2/0/0.0
pilsener-re0 2 Up

Hold (secs) SNPA


26

Xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxx xxx
xxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx:
Interface not configured for family ISO
Missing or duplicate NSAP address (in Junos, the NSAP
address is configured as the family iso address on the
lo0.0 interface)
Level mismatch
Area mismatch
Authentication type or key failure
Xx xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxx, xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxx.
Xxx xxxx xxxxx xx xx xxxxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx
xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx XX-XX xxxxxxxx. XX-XX
xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxx Xxxxx 1 xxxxxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxx xxx Xxxxx 2 xxxxxxxxxxx. Xx Xxxxx 1 xxx xxxx
xxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx xxx Xxxxx 2 xxxxxxxx. Xxxx
xxx XX-XX xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xx
xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show isis database detail
IS-IS level 1 link-state database:
IS-IS level 2 link-state database:
pilsener-re0.00-00 Sequence: 0x7, Checksum: 0xd28e, Lifetime: 1155 secs
IS neighbor: dunkel-re0.00
Metric:
10
IP prefix: 10.200.7.2/32
Metric:
0 Internal Up
IP prefix: 18.32.74.0/30
Metric:
10 Internal Up
dunkel-re0.00-00 Sequence: 0x1e5, Checksum: 0x75f2, Lifetime: 1163 secs
IS neighbor: pilsener-re0.00
Metric:
10
IP prefix: 10.200.7.1/32
Metric:
0 Internal Up
IP prefix: 18.32.74.0/30
Metric:
10 Internal Up

Xx xxx xxxxx xxxxxx, xxxx XX-XX xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxx


Xxxxx 2 xxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxx /30 xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxx (xxxxxxxx-xx0) xxx Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxx XX-XX xxxxxxxx, xxx
xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxx xx XX-XX. Xxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxx xxxxxxx:

ps@dunkel-re0> show route protocol isis


inet.0: 8 destinations, 9 routes (8 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both
10.200.7.2/32
*[IS-IS/18] 00:00:41, metric 10
> to 18.32.74.2 via so-2/0/0.0

Xxxxxxxxx! Xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx XX-XX xxxxxxxx,


xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxx xx Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx.
Xx xxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx XX-XX xxx xxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxx XX-XX xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxx
xx xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show isis overview
Instance: master
Router ID: 10.200.7.1
Adjacency holddown: enabled
Maximum Areas: 3
LSP life time: 1200
Attached bit evaluation: enabled
SPF delay: 200 msec, SPF holddown: 5000 msec, SPF rapid runs: 3
IPv4 is enabled, IPv6 is enabled
Traffic engineering: enabled
Restart: Enabled
Restart duration: 210 sec
Helper mode: Enabled
Level 1
Internal route preference: 15
External route preference: 160
Wide metrics are enabled, Narrow metrics are enabled
Level 2
Internal route preference: 18
External route preference: 165
Wide metrics are enabled, Narrow metrics are enabled

Xxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxx XX xxxxxx-xx, xxxxx xxx xx


xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx [xxxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxxx] xxxxxxxxx xxxxx
xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx XX xxxxxxx xx xxx xx0.0 xxxxxxxxx xx,
xx x xx0.0 xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxx, xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx
XX xxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xxx xx0.0 xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx XX
xxxxxxx 10.200.7.1, xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx
xx xxx xxxxxx XX. Xxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx
xxx XXX xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx, XXX xxxxxxx,
XXXX xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx, xx xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx. Xxxxx xxx
xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx.
ALERT!

Understand what the default values should be in your


network. Unless you have a specific reason to adjust these
configurable parameters, its best to leave them alone.
Xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx XX-XX xxxxxxxxx, xxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx:

ps@dunkel-re0> show isis statistics


IS-IS statistics for dunkel-re0:
PDU type
Received Processed
Drops
LSP
2
2
0
13
IIH
7
7 0
7
0
CSNP
45
45
0
90
PSNP
12
12
0
1
Unknown0
0
0
0
0
Totals
66
66 0
111
0

Sent
0

Rexmit

0
0

Total packets received: 66 Sent: 104


SNP queue length: 0 Drops: 0
LSP queue length: 0 Drops: 0
SPF runs: 8
Fragments rebuilt: 13
LSP regenerations: 0
Purges initiated: 0

Xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx


xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxx, xxxx, xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxx xx xxx XX-XX xxxxxxx xxxx. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxx xxx/xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx x
xxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxx Xxxxx 1 xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx,
xxxxxxxx xxxx Xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx. Xxx xxx xxxx, xxxxx xxx xx XXX
(Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx XXXx) xx XXX (Xxxx-Xxxxx XXX) xxxxxxx
xx xxx xxxxx. Xx xxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx-xxxx
xx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx, xx xxxx, xxxxx
xxx xx x xxxxxxx.
XXX xxxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx
xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxx. Xx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx, xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxx xxxx xx
xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxx (xxxx XX-XX) xx xx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxx xxxx
xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx XXX-xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx, xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx XXX xx xxxxxxx xxx
xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxx XXX xxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show isis spf log
IS-IS level 1 SPF log:
IS-IS level 2 SPF log:
Start time
Elapsed (secs) Count Reason
Fri Jan 29 11:36:31
0.000015 2 Reconfig
Fri Jan 29 11:36:41
0.000032 3 New adjacency pilsener-re0 on so-2/0/0.0

Xxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxx 3 XXX xxxx, xxxx
xxx xxxx xxxxxx xxx xx x xxx xxxxxxxxx. Xx XXX xx xxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xx xxxxxxx xxx XX-XX xxxxxxx xx
xxxxxx.

OSPF
Xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, XXXX xxx XX-XX xxx xxxx
xxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx x
xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx x xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx
(XXX). Xxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx-xxxxx xxxxxxxxx
xxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx

xxxxxxxxx.

Logging
Xxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx XX-XX xx xx xxxx
xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx XXXX. Xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xx
xxx XXXX xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx xx:
Jan 28 09:52:34 172.19.110.171 rpd[4550]: RPD_OSPF_NBRUP: OSPF neighbor 18.32.74.2 (so-2/0/0.0)
state changed from Init to ExStart due to 2WayRcvd (event reason: neighbor detected this router)
Jan 28 09:52:34 172.19.110.171 rpd[4550]: RPD_OSPF_NBRUP: OSPF neighbor 18.32.74.2 (so-2/0/0.0)
state changed from Exchange to Full due to ExchangeDone (event reason: DBD exchange of slave
completed)

Xxxx-xxxx:
Jan 28 09:54:38 172.19.110.171 rpd[4550]: RPD_OSPF_NBRDOWN: OSPF neighbor 18.32.74.2 (so2/0/0.0) state changed from Full to Down due to KillNbr (event reason: interface went down)

Xxxx-xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxx:


Jan 28 09:55:56 172.19.110.171 rpd[4550]: RPD_OSPF_NBRDOWN: OSPF neighbor 18.32.74.2 (so2/0/0.0) state changed from Full to Down due to InActiveTimer (event reason: neighbor was inactive and
declared dead)

SNMP Traps
Xxxxxx XX-XX, Xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx XXXX xxxxx xxxx
xxxxx xx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx XXXX. Xx xxxx XX-XX,
xxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx xx:
dunkel-re0.juniper.net [UDP: [172.19.110.171]:62313]: Trap , DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance =
Timeticks: (77178300) 8 days, 22:23:03.00,
SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapOID.0 = OID:
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.14.16.2.2,
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.14.1.1.0 = IpAddress: 10.200.7.1,
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.14.10.1.1.18.32.74.2.0 = IpAddress: 18.32.74.2,
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.14.10.1.2.18.32.74.2.0 = INTEGER: 0,
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.14.10.1.3.18.32.74.2.0 = IpAddress: 10.200.7.2,
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.14.10.1.6.18.32.74.2.0 = INTEGER: 8,
SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapEnterprise.0 = OID:
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.1.1.1.2.9

XXXX xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (xxx xxxxx xxx xxxx


xxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx).
Xxxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xx xx xxxxx. Xx xxx
xxxxx xxxx, xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxx xx xx xxxx.
Xxx xxxxxx 2.14.10.1.6.[xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx].0 xx xx xxx xxxxXxxXxxxx
XXX. Xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx:
1 - down2 - attempt3 - init4 - twoWay5 - exchangeStart6 exchange7 - loading8 - full
Xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx XXXX xxxx, xxx XXXX
xxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxx 8 (xxxx).
Xxxx-xxxx:
dunkel-re0.juniper.net [UDP: [172.19.110.171]:62313]: Trap , DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance =
Timeticks: (77303649) 8 days, 22:43:56.49,
SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapOID.0 = OID:

SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.14.16.2.2,
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.14.1.1.0 = IpAddress: 10.200.7.1,
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.14.10.1.1.18.32.74.2.0 = IpAddress: 18.32.74.2,
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.14.10.1.2.18.32.74.2.0 = INTEGER: 0,
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.14.10.1.3.18.32.74.2.0 = IpAddress: 10.200.7.2,
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.14.10.1.6.18.32.74.2.0 = INTEGER: 1,
SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapEnterprise.0 = OID:
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.1.1.1.2.9

Xxx xxxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx


18.32.74.2 xxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx 1 (xxxx). Xxxxxxxx xx xxx
xxxx xxxx xxx x xxxx-xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xx
xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx XXXX xxxx xxxx:
10.200.7.1: Link Down Trap (0) Uptime: 8 days, 22:43:56.49, IF-MIB::ifIndex.179 = INTEGER: 179, IFMIB::ifAdminStatus.179 = INTEGER: up(1), IF-MIB::ifOperStatus.179 = INTEGER: down(2), IFMIB::ifName.179 = STRING: so-2/0/0.0

SNMP Polling
Xxx XXXX xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx (XXXx) xxxx xxxxx xxx XXXX
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx (XXX), xxxxx xxx xx XXX xx
1.3.6.1.2.1.14. Xxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx XXXX xxxxxxx, xxx
xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx XXX xx xxx XXXX xxxxxxxx xxxxx
(xxxxXxxXxxxx). Xxxx XXX xxxx xxx xxxxxx
1.3.6.1.2.1.14.10.1.6.[xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx]. Xxxx xxxx xxxx xx
xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx-xx, xx
xxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx XXXX xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxx
xxxxxxxx.
nms-1> snmpwalk -v2c -c tr4pp15t cartman 1.3.6.1.2.1.14.10.1.6
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.14.10.1.6.18.32.74.2.0 = INTEGER: 8

Xxx xxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx


xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx 8 xxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx. Xx
xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xx 18.32.74.2 xx xx x xxxx
xxxxx.

OSPF Operational Commands


Xxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxx,
XXXXx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx
xxxxx xx XX-XX. Xxxxx xxx XXXX xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx, xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxx XXXX
xxxxxxx xxxxxx.
Xxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxx
XX-XX, XXXX xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxxxx
xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx. Xx xxxxx-xxxxxxx xxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show ospf neighbor
Address
Interface
State
ID
Pri Dead
18.32.74.2
so-2/0/0.0
Full
10.200.7.2
128 39

Xx x xxxxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xx xx Xxxxxxxx XXX, xxxx


xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxx (XX) xxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (XXX). Xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xx xx xxxx xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxx
xxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx 2-xxx xxxxx, xxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xx
xxxxx xxx XX xxx XXX xxx xxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxx xxxx xx
xxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx, xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xx xxxx


xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx.
ps@dunkel-re0> show ospf neighbor
Address
Interface
State
ID
Pri Dead
172.19.110.187 fe-0/0/0.0
Init
10.200.7.2
128

34

ps@dunkel-re0> show ospf neighbor


Address
Interface
State
ID
Pri Dead
172.19.110.187 fe-0/0/0.0
2Way
10.200.7.2
128
ps@dunkel-re0> show ospf neighbor
Address
Interface
State
ID
Pri Dead
172.19.110.187 fe-0/0/0.0
Full
10.200.7.2
128

37

35

Xxx xxx xxx xx XXXX xxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx


xxxxxx:
Init: received hello from a router without its own router-id
in the
neighbor list.
2-way: received hello from a router with its own router-id
in the
neighbor list, DR, and BDR election stage.
Note that this is as far as two non-DR routers will evolve
on a
multi-access network.
ExStart: master/slave relationship and sequence
numbers established
Exchange: database descriptor packets are exchanged,
missing
LSAs requested
Loading: requested LSAs are added to the database
Xxxxx, xx xxxx XX-XX, xxxxx xxx x xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx
xx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx. Xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx:
Area mismatch
Authentication type or key failure
Timer mismatch
Subnet mismatch
MTU mismatch (the adjacency will be stuck in EXSTART,
remember this one, it will happen to you!)
Xxx xxx xx xxxxx xxxxx, xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxx.
Xxx xxxx xxxxx xx xx XXXX xxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx,
xxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx XXXX xxxxxxxx.
Xxxx xxx XX-XX xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx (xxxxx xx
xxxxxx), XXXX xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxx
xxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx. Xxx xxxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxx
xx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx 0, xx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx
xx xxx xxxx 0 xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show ospf database detail
OSPF link state database, Area 0.0.0.0
Type
ID
Adv Rtr
Seq
Age Opt Cksum Len

Router *10.200.7.1
10.200.7.1
0x80000006 290 0x22 0x307a 60
bits 0x0, link count 3
id 10.200.7.1, data 255.255.255.255, Type Stub (3)
TOS count 0, TOS 0 metric 0
id 10.200.7.2, data 18.32.74.1, Type PointToPoint (1)
TOS count 0, TOS 0 metric 1
id 18.32.74.0, data 255.255.255.252, Type Stub (3)
TOS count 0, TOS 0 metric 1
Router 10.200.7.2
10.200.7.2
0x80000005 303 0x22 0x3078 60
bits 0x0, link count 3
id 10.200.7.2, data 255.255.255.255, Type Stub (3)
TOS count 0, TOS 0 metric 0
id 10.200.7.1, data 18.32.74.2, Type PointToPoint (1)
TOS count 0, TOS 0 metric 1
id 18.32.74.0, data 255.255.255.252, Type Stub (3)
TOS count 0, TOS 0 metric 1

Xxxx, xxxxxxx Xxxxxx xxx Xxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx


xxxx 1 (xxxxxx) XXXx, xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxx. Xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx
1 XXXX xxxxxxxxxx (xx xxxx xxxxx), xxxxx xxxxxx XXXx
xxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxx-xxx xx xxxx
xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx. Xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx 10.200.7.2 (Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx)
xxxxxxx XXXX xxx xxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxx xxxx xxx XXXX
xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx.
Xxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx
x xxxx xxxx xx xx xxxxxxxx, xx xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xx
xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show route protocol ospf
inet.0: 14 destinations, 17 routes (14 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both
10.200.7.2/32
*[OSPF/10] 00:10:15, metric 1
> via so-2/0/0.0
18.32.74.0/30
[OSPF/10] 00:10:20, metric 1
> via so-2/0/0.0
224.0.0.5/32
*[OSPF/10] 00:10:47, metric 1
MultiRecv

Xxx xxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xx xx XXXX xxxxx xx


18.32.74.0/30, xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxx xx
Xxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx
Xxxxxx xx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx (xxxx: xxxxxx) xxxxx xx
xxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show route 18.32.74.0/30
inet.0: 14 destinations, 17 routes (14 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both
18.32.74.0/30
*[Direct/0] 00:15:06
> via so-2/0/0.0
[OSPF/10] 00:15:05, metric 1
> via so-2/0/0.0

Xxxxxxx, xx xxxx xx XXXX xx xxxxxxx, xx XXXX xxxxx xxx


224.0.0.5 xx xxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxx xx
XXXX, xxx xxx XXXX xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xx xx.
XXXX xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx 224.0.0.6, xx xxxxx
xxx XXx xxx XXXx xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx.

Xxx xxxxxx xx xxx XXXX xxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx


xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show ospf overview
Instance: master
Router ID: 10.200.7.1
Route table index: 0
Full SPF runs: 6, SPF delay: 0.200000 sec, SPF holddown: 5 sec, SPF rapid runs: 3
LSA refresh time: 50 minutes
Area: 0.0.0.0
Stub type: Not Stub
Authentication Type: None
Area border routers: 0, AS boundary routers: 0
Neighbors
Up (in full state): 1

Xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx


xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxx XXX-xxxxx (xxxx xx xxxx xxxxx x
xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxx XXX) xxx xxx XXX xxxxxxxx (xxxx xx
xxxx xxxxxxx XXX xxxx). Xxxxxxxxxxxx, xxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxx xx
xxx xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxx xx
xxxxx xx xx xxxxxxxxx xx (Xxx Xxxx/Xxxx/Xxxx XXXX), xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxx, xxx xxx
xxxxxx xx XXXx, XXXXx xxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxx.
Xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxx xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx
xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx, xx xxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx,
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxxxx xx XXXX XXXx. Xxxx
xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx XXX xxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xx xxxx 0:
ps@dunkel-re0> show ospf statistics
Packet type

Sent

Hello 7
DbD 3
LSReq 0
LSUpdate
LSAck 2

Total
Received
5
0
2
0
0
0
4
3
3
0

DBDs retransmitted
:
LSAs flooded
:
LSAs flooded high-prio :
LSAs retransmitted
:
LSAs transmitted to nbr :
LSAs requested
:
LSAs acknowledged
:
Flood queue depth
:
Total rexmit entries :
db summaries
:
lsreq entries
:
Receive errors:
None

BGP

Last 5 seconds
Sent
Received
0
0
0
0
0
0
0, last 5 seconds :
0
2, last 5 seconds :
0
0, last 5 seconds :
0
2, last 5 seconds :
0
0, last 5 seconds :
0
0, last 5 seconds :
0
2, last 5 seconds :
0

0
0
0
0

XXX xxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxx xx xxxx


xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx. Xxxxx xx x
xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx, XXXX xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx, xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxx xx XXX.
Xxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxx XXX.

Logging
XXX xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx
xx x XXX xxxxxxx. Xx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxxx
xxxxxxxxx XXX xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx
xxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxxxxx xxx
xxxx xx xxxx xx xxx XXX xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxx, xxx xx
xxxx xxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx.
Xxxx, x xxxxxx xxxxxxxx XXX xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxx xxx Xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx. Xxxx xxxxx
xxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx
xxx xxxxx xxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show configuration protocols bgp
log-updown;
group ibgp {
type internal;
local-address 10.200.7.1;
peer-as 1;
neighbor 10.200.7.2;
}

Xxxxxxxx xx:
Jan 29 11:47:44 172.19.110.171 rpd[4550]: RPD_BGP_NEIGHBOR_STATE_CHANGED: BGP peer
10.200.7.2 (Internal AS 1) changed state from OpenConfirm to Established (event RecvKeepAlive)

Xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xx xxxx xxxxx:


Jan 29 11:48:25 172.19.110.171 rpd[4550]: bgp_read_v4_message: NOTIFICATION received from
10.200.7.2 (Internal AS 1): code 6 (Cease) subcode 4 (Administratively Reset)
Jan 29 11:48:25 172.19.110.171 rpd[4550]: RPD_BGP_NEIGHBOR_STATE_CHANGED: BGP peer
10.200.7.2 (Internal AS 1) changed state from Established to Idle (event RecvNotify)

Xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx


xxxxxx xxxx:
Jan 29 11:50:38 172.19.110.171 rpd[4550]: bgp_read_v4_message: NOTIFICATION received from
10.200.7.2 (Internal AS 1): code 6 (Cease) subcode 3 (Peer Unconfigured)
Jan 29 11:50:38 172.19.110.171 rpd[4550]: RPD_BGP_NEIGHBOR_STATE_CHANGED: BGP peer
10.200.7.2 (Internal AS 1) changed state from Established to Idle (event RecvNotify)

Xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx:


Jan 29 11:54:28 172.19.110.171 rpd[4550]: bgp_hold_timeout: NOTIFICATION sent to 10.200.7.2
(Internal AS 1): code 4 (Hold Timer Expired Error), Reason: holdtime expired for 10.200.7.2 (Internal AS
1), socket buffer sndcc: 57 rcvcc: 0 TCP state: 4, snd_una: 2737938411 snd_nxt: 2737938468 snd_wnd:
16417 rcv_nxt: 3889039076 rcv_adv: 3889055460, hold timer 0
Jan 29 11:54:28 172.19.110.171 rpd[4550]: RPD_BGP_NEIGHBOR_STATE_CHANGED: BGP peer
10.200.7.2 (Internal AS 1) changed state from Established to Idle (event HoldTime)

SNMP Traps
XXX xxxxxxx XXXX xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxx
xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxx-2.15.3.1.2.[xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx]

xxxxxx. Xxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx


xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx:
1 - idle2 - connect3 - active4 - opensent5 - openconfirm6 established
Xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xx XXX xxxxx xxxxx xx
xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xx xxx XXX xxxx xx
10.200.7.2.
Xxxxxxxx xx:
cartman-fxp0.pslab.juniper.net [UDP: [172.19.110.171]:62313]: Trap , DISMANEVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (87163316) 10 days, 2:07:13.16,
SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapOID.0 = OID:
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.15.7.1,
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.15.3.1.14.10.200.7.2 = Hex-STRING: 04 00 ,
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.15.3.1.2.10.200.7.2 = INTEGER: 6,
SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapEnterprise.0 = OID:
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.1.1.1.2.9

Xxxxxxxx xxxx:
cartman-re0.juniper.net [UDP: [172.19.110.171]:62313]: Trap , DISMAN-EVENTMIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (87321153) 10 days, 2:33:31.53,
SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapOID.0 = OID:
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.15.7.2,
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.15.3.1.14.10.200.7.2 = Hex-STRING: 06 07 ,
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.15.3.1.2.10.200.7.2 = INTEGER: 1,
SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapEnterprise.0 = OID:
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.1.1.1.2.9

SNMP Polling for BGP


Xxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxx xxxxx xx XXXX xxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xx
xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xx XXX, xxxx xxxx xxxx
xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx, xx x xxx xxxxxxxx
xxxx XXXx, xxxxxxxxx xxxx-xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxx
xxxxxxxx.
Xxx Xxxxxxx XXX xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx
xxxXxxX2 XXX, xxxxx xxx xx XXX xx 1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.5.1.1.
Xxxx-xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxXxxX2XxxxXxxxx
XXX (1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.5.1.1.2.1.1.1.2. Xxx xxxx xxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xx xxxx, xx x xxxxx
xx 6 xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx:
nms-1> snmpwalk -v2c -c tr4pp15t dunkel .1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.5.1.1.2.1.1.1.2
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.5.1.1.2.1.1.1.2.0.1.10.200.7.1.1.10.200.7.2 = INTEGER: 6

Xx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx, xxx xxxx xxxxx


xxx xxx xxxxx XXXX xxxxx. Xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx x XXX xxxx
xxxxx xxxxx, xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxx xxxXxxX2XxxxXxxxx XXX
(1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.5.1.1.2.1.1.1.14). Xxx xxxxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx XXXXx2XXX::xxxxxxxxxxx.2636.5.1.1.2.1.1.1.14.0.1.[xxxxx xxxxxxx].
[xxxx xxxxxxx] = xxxxx:
nms-1> snmpwalk -v2c -c tr4pp15t cartman 1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.5.1.1.2.1.1.1.14
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.5.1.1.2.1.1.1.14.0.1.10.200.7.1.1.10.200.7.2 = Gauge32: 0

Xxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, xxx XXX xxxxxxx xxxx

10.200.7.1 (xxxxx) xx 10.200.7.2 (xxxx) xxx xx xxxxx xx 0


xxxxx xxx xx xxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxXxxX2XxxxxxXxXxxxxxxx,
xxxXxxX2XxxxxxXxXxxxxxxxXxxxxxxx xxx
xxxXxxX2XxxxxxXxXxxxxxxxXxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxx,
xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxx
xxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxx XXXx xxx
1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.5.1.1.2.6.2.1.7,
1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.5.1.1.2.6.2.1.8 xxx
1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.5.1.1.2.6.2.1.9, xxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxx: 1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.5.1.1.2.6.2.1.7.[xxxxx].
Xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx:
nms-1> snmpwalk -v2c -c tr4pp15t cartman 1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.5.1.1.2.6.2.1.7.0
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.5.1.1.2.6.2.1.7.0.1.1 = Gauge32: 7

Xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx:


nms-1> snmpwalk -v2c -c tr4pp15t cartman 1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.5.1.1.2.6.2.1.8.0
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.5.1.1.2.6.2.1.8.0.1.1 = Gauge32: 1

Xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx:


> snmpwalk -v2c -c tr4pp15t cartman 1.3.6.1.4.1.2636.5.1.1.2.6.2.1.9.0
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.2636.5.1.1.2.6.2.1.9.0.1.1 = Gauge32: 6

Xxxxxxx XXXX, xxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxx, xxx xx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx xxx xx xxxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxxxxxx, xxxx xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxx 0 (10.200.7.2). Xxx
xxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show bgp summary
Groups: 1 Peers: 1 Down peers: 0
Table
Tot Paths Act Paths Suppressed History Damp State Pending
inet.0
7
1
0
0
0
0
Peer
AS
InPkt
OutPkt OutQ Flaps Last Up/Dwn State|#Active/Received/Damped...
10.200.7.2
1
130
123
0
11
53:55 1/7/0
0/0/0

BGP Operational Mode Commands


Xxxx XXX xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx, xxx
xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxx. Xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xx
xxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx
xxx XXX xxxxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxxx xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show bgp summary
Groups: 1 Peers: 1 Down peers: 0
Table
Tot Paths Act Paths Suppressed History Damp State Pending
inet.0
4
1
0
0
0
0
Peer
AS
InPkt
OutPkt OutQ Flaps Last Up/Dwn State|#Active/Received/Damped...
10.200.7.2
1
220
211
0
11
1:33:38 1/7/0
0/0/0
10.200.7.3
1
0
0
0
0
1:52 Active

Xxxx, xxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxx 10.200.7.2 xxx xxx xxx
xxxx xxxxxxxx. Xx xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx, xxx
xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxx xxxxxx/xxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxx, xx xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx
xx 10.200.7.3. Xxxx xxxxx xx xxxx xxxx xxxxx xxx xx XX 1
xxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx 10.200.7.2 xxx xxxx xx xxx 1:33:38

xxx xxx xxxxxxx xx 10.200.7.3 xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxx x xxxxxxx xxx
xxxx xx xx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxx xx
xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx XXX xxxx. X xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xx
xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxx (xxx xxxxxxx, xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx
10.200.7.2) xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx,
xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show bgp neighbor 10.200.7.2
Peer: 10.200.7.2+53667 AS 1 Local: 10.200.7.1+179 AS 1
Type: Internal State: Established Flags: <Sync>
Last State: OpenConfirm Last Event: RecvKeepAlive
Last Error: Cease
Options: <Preference LocalAddress LogUpDown PeerAS Refresh>
Local Address: 10.200.7.1 Holdtime: 90 Preference: 170
Number of flaps: 11
Last flap event: RecvNotify
Error: Hold Timer Expired Error Sent: 1 Recv: 0
Error: Cease Sent: 1 Recv: 10
Peer ID: 10.200.7.2
Local ID: 10.200.7.1
Active Holdtime: 90
Keepalive Interval: 30
Peer index: 0
BFD: disabled, down
NLRI advertised by peer: inet-unicast
NLRI for this session: inet-unicast
Peer supports Refresh capability (2)
Table inet.0 Bit: 10000
RIB State: BGP restart is complete
Send state: in sync
Active prefixes:
1
Received prefixes:
7
Suppressed due to damping: 0
Advertised prefixes:
5
Last traffic (seconds): Received 18 Sent 3 Checked 59
Input messages: Total 287 Updates 11
Refreshes 0
Octets 5730
Output messages: Total 278 Updates 0
Refreshes 0
Octets 5308
Output Queue[0]: 0

Xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx.


Xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx,
xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx. Xxx
xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xx
xxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx Xxxxxxxxxxx, xxx
xxxx xxxxx xxx XxxxXxxxxxx (xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx
Xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx XXX xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx), xxx xxxx
xxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxx Xxxxx.
Xxx xxx xxxx xxx x xxxxxxx xx xxxx Xxxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxx xx
xx xx xxxxxxxx XXX (xXXX) xxxxxxx. Xxx xxxxx-xxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxx xx 10.200.7.1 (xxxxx xx xxx xx0.0 xxxxxxx, x
xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xXXX), xxx xxxx xxxxx xx xxx xx 90,
xxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xx 30 (xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx). Xxxx,
xxx xxxx xxxxx (xxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx XXXX)
xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx (xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx-xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx).
Xxxxxxx xxx xxx, xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx

xxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxx xx xxxxx xxxx. Xxxxx xxx xx


xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx
xxxx. Xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxx XXX xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxxxxxx XXX xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx
xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx XXX, xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxx xxx [xxxxxxxx] xxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx x xxxx, xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx [xxxxxxxx] xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxx x xxxxx xxxx. Xxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx
xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show route protocol bgp
inet.0: 16 destinations, 22 routes (16 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both
10.200.7.2/32
[BGP/170] 02:04:22, localpref 100, from 10.200.7.2
AS path: I
> via so-2/0/0.0
18.32.74.0/30
[BGP/170] 01:44:10, localpref 100, from 10.200.7.2
AS path: I
> via so-2/0/0.0
112.74.9.0/30
*[BGP/170] 02:04:22, localpref 100, from 10.200.7.2
AS path: I
> via so-2/0/0.0
172.19.110.0/23
[BGP/170] 02:04:22, localpref 100, from 10.200.7.2
AS path: I
> via so-2/0/0.0
181.21.0.0/22
[BGP/170] 02:04:22, localpref 100, from 10.200.7.2
AS path: I
> via so-2/0/0.0
192.168.0.0/16
[BGP/170] 02:04:22, localpref 100, from 10.200.7.2
AS path: I
> via so-2/0/0.0
199.0.65.0/24
[BGP/170] 02:04:22, localpref 100, from 10.200.7.2
AS path: I
> via so-2/0/0.0
Xxxx xxxxx, xxx + xx * xxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx


xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx. Xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx
xxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx
xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx (112.74.9.0/30).
Xxxx xxx xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxx:

ps@dunkel-re0> show route advertising-protocol bgp 10.200.7.2


inet.0: 16 destinations, 22 routes (16 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
Prefix
Nexthop
MED
Lclpref AS path
* 4.18.99.0/24
Self
100
I
* 10.200.7.1/32
Self
100
I
* 10.200.7.3/32
Self
100
I
* 18.32.74.0/30
Self
100
I
* 172.19.110.0/23
Self
100
I

Xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx


xx xxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxx xx
10.200.7.2. Xx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxx x xxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx xx 100 (xxx xxxxxxx) xxx xxxx xxx XX xxxx xx X,
xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxx XX xx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx.
Xxx

xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxx xxx [xxxxxxxx]

xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx

xxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxxx


xxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
xx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel-re0> show route receive-protocol bgp 10.200.7.2
inet.0: 16 destinations, 22 routes (16 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
Prefix
Nexthop
MED
Lclpref AS path
10.200.7.2/32
10.200.7.2
100
I
18.32.74.0/30
10.200.7.2
100
I
* 112.74.9.0/30
10.200.7.2
100
I
172.19.110.0/23
10.200.7.2
100
I
181.21.0.0/22
10.200.7.2
100
I
192.168.0.0/16
10.200.7.2
100
I
199.0.65.0/24
10.200.7.2
100
I

Xxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx


xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx, xxx xxxx xxxxx xx
xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx: xxxxxxxx xxxxx
xxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx (xxx xxxxx xx 112.74.9.0/30).

Summary
Xxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxx xxxx xxx
xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxx xx
xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx Xxxxx 3, xx xx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx XX xxxxxxx xx xx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxx xx xx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx
xxxxxx xx xxx XXX xxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx XXXX
xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx
XXX xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xx
xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx Xxxxx 3 xxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxx xx Xxxxxx 1 xxx 2. Xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx
xxxx xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx
xx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx
x xxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx xxx XXX xxxxx, xxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx
xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx.
78
100

Day One: Applying Junos Event Automation


Day One: Junos Monitoring and Troubleshooting
Chapter 7: Layer 3 Troubleshooting 101

Xxxx xxxxxxx xx Xxxxx 3 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx


xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xx XX xxxxxxx, xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx
xx Xxxxxxx 1, xx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxx
xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx.
Xx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxx XX xxxxxxx xxx
xxx xxxxxxxxx, xx xxxxxxx, xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx


xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx.

Outage Types
Xxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx XX
xxxxxxx:
Packet Loss: Packet loss is the failure to deliver a packet
to a destination and can be caused by many different
problems. The most common culprits are a down circuit,
lack of (correct) routing information, routing loops, and
over-utilized circuits (with or without class-of-service).
Security devices also frequently cause (intentional)
dropped packets, but firewalls are outside the scope of
this book.
Latency: Latency is a delay in the delivery of packets,
which can be caused by suboptimal routing or class-ofservice queuing. Jitter, a related problem, is a variance in
latency and can be problematic in voice and video over IP
environments. Jitter is often caused by class-of-service (or
lack thereof).
NOTE One important point is that nothing is more important when

troubleshooting an IP network than a solid understanding of


the protocols being used and how those protocols interact.
There are not enough pages in this book to deep dive into
RIP, IS-IS, OSPF and BGP, so the assumption here is that you
are proficient in the protocols run on your network and how
they interact.

Troubleshooting Packet Loss


Xxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx xxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xx xxxxxxx xx xx xx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxxx:
Circuit and hardware failures (complete outage)
Routing loop (complete outage)
Circuit overutilization (partial outage)
Route oscillation (partial outage)
Xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx
xxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx, xx
xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xxx xxxx-xxxxx, xxx, xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx.

Circuit Outages
X xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx
xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx
xxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx,

xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx, xx x xxxx xx xxx Xxxxx xxxxxx.


Xxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xx
xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx xx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx-xxxx (XXX) xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx 1. Xxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xx XX xxxxxx, xx xx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxx XXX. Xxxx
xxx XXX xxxxxxx xxxx, xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxx xx XXXX xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxx XXXX xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx XX xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx
xxx.
Xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxx xx xxx xxxx,
xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxx XX xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxx xx
xxx xxxx. Xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xx xx
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xx xx
xxxxxx.
NOTE A common misconception is that the last responding hop in a

traceroute is the cause of the problem. If it responds, it


means that your host has reachability to that router and that
router has reachability back to your host.
Xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx
xxx xxx xxx xxxxx xxx-xxxxxxxxxx xxx xx xx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx. Xxx xxxx xxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xx
xxxxx xxxx xxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx Xxxxxx 7-1:

Figure 7-1

Simple Network Topology

Xxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxx,


xxx (xxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxxxx) xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx
XXX xxx xxx (xxxxxxxx, x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx) xxxxxxxxxx xx
xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxx xxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxx xxxx x xxxx-xxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxx XXX, XXXX. Xxxx
xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx
xxxx-xxx. Xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xx xxx XXX xxxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxx xxxx-xxx.
Xxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxxxxxx xx
xxx Xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx:
server% traceroute 4.2.2.1
traceroute to 4.2.2.1 (4.2.2.1), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets
1 18.32.75.1 (18.32.75.1) 2.617 ms 1.690 ms 2.851 ms
Dunkel
2 18.32.74.6 (18.32.74.6) 3.386 ms 3.370 ms 5.570 ms
Pilsener
3 4.10.33.2 (4.10.33.2) 13.513 ms 3.905 ms 5.060 ms
Service provider hop 1
4 4.1.18.21 (4.1.18.21) 3.778 ms 5.237 ms 5.413 ms
Service provider hop 2
5 4.2.2.1 (4.2.2.1) 10.876 ms 12.568 ms 5.991 ms
Destination

Xxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx


xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xx Xxxxxx 7-2. Xxxx
xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx.

Figure 7-2 Service Provider Link Outage

Xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xx Xxxxxx 7-2 xxxxx xxxxx xxx


xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx:
ps@dunkel> show route 4.2.2.1
ps@dunkel>

Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx


xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxx xxxx, xx xx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx XXXX, xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xx
xxxxxx xxx x xxxxx xx 4.2.2.1. Xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx x
xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxx !X xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxxxx:
server% traceroute 4.2.2.1
traceroute to 4.2.2.1 (4.2.2.1), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets
1 18.32.75.1 (18.32.75.1) 1.983 ms 2.440 ms 2.414 ms
2 18.32.75.1 (18.32.75.1) 2.883 ms !H 4.136 ms !H 3.799 ms !H

Xxxxx xxxxxx xx 18.32.75.1, xxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx


xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xx xxxx xxxx, xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx, xxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx, xxxxx
xxxx xx xxxx xxx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxx
xxxx (xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx XXXX xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx). Xx
xxxx xxxxx, xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx
xxxxx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx,
xxxxxxxxx, xxx/xx xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxx xx xxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx, xxxx xx xxx-xxxxx-xx-xxxxx
Xxxxxxxx, xx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxx. Xxxx xxxxxx
xxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xx Xxxxxxxx
xxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx xx xxxxxxx x Xxxxx 2 xxxxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx x xxxxxx xx xxxxx
xx Xxxxxx 7-3 Xxxxx Xxxxxx 7-4 xxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xx
xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx (xx x xxxxxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx).

Figures 7-3 & 7-4

Ethernet Link and Outage to the Service Provider

Xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx


xxxxx xxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx:
server % traceroute 4.2.2.1
traceroute to 4.2.2.1 (4.2.2.1), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets
1 18.32.75.1 (18.32.75.1) 2.891 ms 0.594 ms 1.595 ms
2 18.32.74.6 (18.32.74.6) 2.425 ms 2.544 ms 2.642 ms
3 ***

Xxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xx xx Xxxxxxxx. Xxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx


xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx x
xxxxxx (xxxxx xx xx) xxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxx (xxxxx xx xxx), xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xx.
Xxxx xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx

xxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx


XXXX:
ps@pilsener> show route 4.2.2.1
inet.0: 11 destinations, 12 routes (11 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both
0.0.0.0/0

*[Static/5] 00:00:33
> to 192.168.14.10 via fe-0/0/1.0

Xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx


xxx xxx xxxx-xxx (xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx), Xxxxxxxx xx x
xxxx xxxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxx xxxxx
xxxxx xx xx xxx xxxx Xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxx
xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx (192.168.14.10). Xxx, xxxx xxxx xxxxx,
xxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxx xxx xx XXX xxxxxx xx xxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xx xxxx-xxxx xxxxx. Xxx xxxx xxx x
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xx
xx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx. Xxxx
XXX xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx, xxxx xx Xxxxxx xxx
XxxxxXx Xxxx.
ps@router-3> ping 192.168.14.10
PING 192.168.14.10 (192.168.14.10): 56 data bytes
^C
--- 192.168.14.10 ping statistics --5 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss

Troubleshooting Routing Loops


Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx. Xxxxxxx
xxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx (xxxx xxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx) xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xx xxxx-xxxx
xxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxx xx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xx
xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx. X xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx
xxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxx xxx xxx
xx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxxx. Xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xx
Xxxxxx 7-5. Xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxx XXX xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx, Xxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx Xxxxxx. Xx
xx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx XXXX xx xxx xx
Xxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxx xxx x xxxxxx xxxxx
Figure 7-5 Addition of Second LAN Aggregating Router

for the 18.32.76.0/23 network with a next-hop to Altbier. Altbier


has a static default route with a next-hop to Pilsener. A traceroute

from a Dunkel connected host yields the following:


server% traceroute 18.32.76.7
traceroute to 18.32.76.7 (18.32.76.7), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets
1 18.32.75.1 (18.32.75.1) 4.157 ms 3.735 ms 2.478 ms

dunkel
2 18.32.74.6 (18.32.74.6) 8.913 ms 5.878 ms 5.518 ms
pilsener
3 18.32.74.62 (18.32.74.62) 12.153 ms 7.266 ms 5.775 ms altbier
4 18.32.76.7 (18.32.76.7) 6.013 ms 4.567 ms 3.612 ms
destination

One outage that can lead to a routing loop in this scenario is if


Altbiers link to the 18.32.76.0/24 network fails. This causes a
routing loop because Pilsener has no knowledge of the outage on
Altbier and continues to use the static route for the 18.32.76.0/23
network. When the packet reaches Altbier, it does not have a
route to the 18.32.76.0/24 network because its interface to that
network is down. The next best route it has is the default route
towards Pilsener, which then sends the packet right back to
Altbier because of its static route.
server% traceroute 18.32.76.7
traceroute to 18.32.76.7 (18.32.76.7), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets
1 18.32.75.1 (18.32.75.1) 6.156 ms 2.181 ms 1.534 ms
dunkel
2 18.32.74.6 (18.32.74.6) 9.631 ms 10.610 ms 3.273 ms pilsener
3 18.32.74.62 (18.32.74.62) 3.315 ms 3.728 ms 6.280 ms altbier
4 18.32.74.61 (18.32.74.61) 4.833 ms 8.704 ms 6.481 ms pilsener
5 18.32.74.62 (18.32.74.62) 7.148 ms 7.928 ms 3.979 ms altbier
6 18.32.74.61 (18.32.74.61) 3.779 ms 4.372 ms 3.427 ms pilsener
7 18.32.74.62 (18.32.74.62) 4.701 ms 4.005 ms 9.300 ms altbier
8 18.32.74.61 (18.32.74.61) 7.323 ms 7.616 ms 2.357 ms pilsener
9 18.32.74.62 (18.32.74.62) 3.373 ms 3.322 ms 10.979 ms altbier
10 18.32.74.61 (18.32.74.61) 3.315 ms 10.498 ms 4.453 ms
pilsener

Xx xx xxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx


xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxx Xxxxxxx. Xx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx
xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx. Xx x xxxxxxx xxxx, xxx xxxxxxx
xx xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxx
xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx. Xxx xxxx xxxxxxx, xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx x
xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx
Xxxxxxx, xxxx xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx
xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxx Xxxxxxx xxx x xxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx
xxxxxxx.
Xx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx xx xx xxxxxx
Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx 18.32.76.0/24 xxxxxxx. Xxxxx,
xx xxxxx xx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx x
xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx, xxxx xx xxxxx XXXX xx Xxxxxxx
xx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx
xxxxxxx xx xx.
Xxx xxxx xxxx (xx xxxxx xx xxx) xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx
xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxx xx xx xxxxxxxxx,
xxxxxxxxxxxxx, xx xxxxxxxxxxxxx. X xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx
xxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxx xxxxxx xx
xxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx xx.

Troubleshooting Circuit Overutilization


Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx, xxx
xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx (xxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxx),

xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx (xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx


xxxxxxxxxxxx), xxx xxxxx-xx-xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx,
xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx
xx xxxxxx xxxx. Xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx Xxxxxxx 2 xxxxxxxx
xx xxxxxxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xx xxxx xx xxx Xxx Xxxx xx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx.

Troubleshooting Route Oscillation


Xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx
xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx,
xxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx. Xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxx xxxx x xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxx
xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx. Xxxx xxx xx xxxxxx xx x
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxx xxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxx x xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx
xx xxxxxxx xx xxxx xx xxxxxxx. Xxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx
xx xxx xx xxx xxxx. Xxxxx, xxx xxx xxx x xxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx
xx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx
xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxx
xxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxx-xxxx xxx/xx
xxxx xxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx Xxxxxxx xxxx
xxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx 18.32.76.0/24 xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx
xx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxx
xxx xxxx xx xx, xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx, xxxx
xxx xxxx xx xxxx, xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxx
Xxxxxxx. Xx xxxx xxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, xxx
xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx. Xx xxxx xxxx, xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxx x
xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx x xxxxxxx xxxx.
Xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx.
Xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx, xxxx xxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx
xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (xxxx xx xxxxxx xxxx
XXXXX xx XXXX). Xxxxxxx, xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxx
xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xx
xxxx.
Xxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxx xxx
xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xx x XXX
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx (xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxx)
xx xxxxx xx Xxxxxx 7-6.

Figure 7-6

eBGP with Internet Service Provider

Xxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxx


xxxxxxxx, xxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxx
xxxxx xxxxxxx (18.32.72.0/21) xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx
Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx, xx xxxx:
ps@pilsener-re0> show bgp summary
Groups: 1 Peers: 1 Down peers: 0
Table
Tot Paths Act Paths Suppressed History Damp State Pending
inet.0
10007
10007
0
0
0
0
Peer
AS
InPkt
OutPkt OutQ Flaps Last Up/Dwn State|
#Active/Received/Accepted/Damped...
4.10.33.2
3356
10019
29
0
0
11:14 10007/10007/10007/0 0/0/0/0

Xxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx x


xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx
xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (4.0.0.0/8):
ps@pilsener-re0> ping 4.2.2.1
PING 4.2.2.1 (4.2.2.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
64 bytes from 4.2.2.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.524 ms
64 bytes from 4.2.2.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.697 ms
64 bytes from 4.2.2.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.558 ms
64 bytes from 4.2.2.1: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.579 ms
64 bytes from 4.2.2.1: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.625 ms
64 bytes from 4.2.2.1: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.582 ms
64 bytes from 4.2.2.1: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.563 ms
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
ping: sendto: No route to host
64 bytes from 4.2.2.1: icmp_seq=18 ttl=64 time=0.613 ms
64 bytes from 4.2.2.1: icmp_seq=19 ttl=64 time=0.585 ms
64 bytes from 4.2.2.1: icmp_seq=20 ttl=64 time=0.642 ms
64 bytes from 4.2.2.1: icmp_seq=21 ttl=64 time=0.605 ms
64 bytes from 4.2.2.1: icmp_seq=22 ttl=64 time=0.562 ms
64 bytes from 4.2.2.1: icmp_seq=23 ttl=64 time=0.589 ms
64 bytes from 4.2.2.1: icmp_seq=24 ttl=64 time=0.607 ms

Xxxxxx xxxx xxxx, xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx


xxxxx x xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx xxx XXX xxxxx xx 4.0.0.0/8
xxx, xx x xxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xx
xxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx. Xx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxx, xxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxx, 4.2.2.1 xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx.
ps@pilsener-re0> show route 4.2.2.1
inet.0: 10017 destinations, 10017 routes (10017 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both
4.0.0.0/8

*[BGP/170] 00:00:07, localpref 100


AS path: 3356 I
> to 4.10.33.2 via so-2/2/0.0

ps@pilsener-re0> show route 4.2.2.1


ps@pilsener-re0> show route 4.2.2.1
inet.0: 10017 destinations, 10017 routes (10017 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both
4.0.0.0/8

*[BGP/170] 00:00:02, localpref 100


AS path: 3356 I
> to 4.10.33.2 via so-2/2/0.0

ps@pilsener-re0> traceroute 4.2.2.1


traceroute to 4.2.2.1 (4.2.2.1), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets
1 4.10.33.2 (4.10.33.2) 0.231 ms 0.411 ms 0.376 ms
2 4.1.18.21 (4.1.18.21) 0.193 ms 0.469 ms 0.288 ms
3 4.2.2.1 (4.2.2.1) 0.587 ms 0.612 ms 0.517 ms
ps@pilsener-re0> traceroute 4.2.2.1
traceroute to 4.2.2.1 (4.2.2.1), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets
traceroute: sendto: No route to host
1 traceroute: wrote 4.2.2.1 40 chars, ret=-1

Xx xxxx xxxx, xx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx


xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xx xxx xxx xxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, xx x xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xx
xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx.

Troubleshooting Latency
Xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xx xxxxx xxx x xxxxxx xx xxx
xxxx x xxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxx xxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xx xxxx xx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx, xxx xx
xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxx xx
xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx. Xx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxx xx
xxxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx, xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx
xxxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (xxxx xx xxxxx-xxxxxxxxx) xxx xxxx xxx xx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxx (xxx
xxxx, xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx).
Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxx xxxx
xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx. Xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx
xxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx. Xxxx
xxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxx xx XXXX, x xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx x xxx
xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx
xxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx
xxxx. Xxxxxxx, x xxxxxx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xx x xxxxx xx
xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xx xxx xx xxx
xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx
xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxx

xxxxxxx xxxx. Xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xx-xxxxx


xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxx-xxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx
xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx,
Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, xxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xx xx xxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx
xxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx. Xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxx xxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx 2 xxx 3 xx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx:
server% traceroute 4.2.2.1
traceroute to 4.2.2.1 (4.2.2.1), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets
1 18.32.75.1 (18.32.75.1) 4.435 ms 3.117 ms 3.413 ms
Dunkel
2 18.32.74.6 (18.32.74.6) 4.935 ms 12.434 ms 2.826 ms Pilsner
3 4.10.33.2 (4.10.33.2) 13.513 ms 3.905 ms 5.060 ms
Service provider hop 1
4 4.1.18.21 (4.1.18.21) 3.778 ms 5.237 ms 5.413 ms
Service provider hop
2
5 4.2.2.1 (4.2.2.1) 128.269 ms 137.346 ms 133.977 ms

Xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx 5 xx 10 xxxxxxxxxxxx xx


xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx x xxxxxxx xx xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx 2
xx 3.
Xxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx. Xx xxxx xxxxx,
xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xx
xxxxxx 2 xx xxxxxx 3. Xx xxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xx xx
xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxx 2 xx xxxxxx 3, xx xx xxxxxxx
xxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx, xxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xx
xxxxxxxxx, xx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx 2 xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx 3 xx xxxxxxx x xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx:
ps@pilsener> show interfaces fe-0/0/1
Physical interface: fe-0/0/1, Enabled, Physical link is Up
Interface index: 128, SNMP ifIndex: 61
Link-level type: Ethernet, MTU: 1518, Speed: 100mbps, Loopback: Disabled,
Source filtering: Disabled, Flow control: Enabled
Device flags : Present Running
Interface flags: SNMP-Traps Internal: 0x4000
CoS queues
: 4 supported, 4 maximum usable queues
Current address: 00:90:69:6b:14:00, Hardware address: 00:90:69:6b:14:00
Last flapped : 2010-01-12 06:00:14 EST (2w5d 22:24 ago)
Input rate
: 71441794 bps (46877 pps)
Output rate : 96542771 bps (63598 pps)
Active alarms : None
Active defects : None
Logical interface fe-0/0/1.0 (Index 67) (SNMP ifIndex 56)
Description: Connection to service provider 1
Flags: SNMP-Traps 0x4000 VLAN-Tag [ 0x8100.5 ] Encapsulation: ENET2
Input packets : 0
Output packets: 0
Protocol inet, MTU: 1500
Flags: None
Addresses, Flags: Is-Preferred Is-Primary
Destination: 4.10.33.0/30, Local: 4.10.33.1/30, Broadcast: 4.10.33.2
Logical interface fe-0/0/1.32767 (Index 68) (SNMP ifIndex 58)

Flags: SNMP-Traps 0x4000 VLAN-Tag [ 0x0000.0 ] Encapsulation: ENET2


Input packets : 0
Output packets: 0

Xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx.


Xxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx. Xx xxxxxxx,
Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx. Xxx xx x
xxxxxxx-xxxxxxx xxxxx, xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx. Xx xx
xxxxxxxxx 5% xx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxx 5% xx xxx xxxxxx
xxxxx. Xxx xxxxx xxxxx xx x xxxx-xxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxx
xxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx 95% xx xxx
xxxxxxxxx xxx 95% xx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx.
Xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
xx xxxx xxxx, xxx xxxx xx xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx
xxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx, xxx xxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx
xxxxxxxxxx-xxxxx:
ps@pilsener> show interfaces queue fe-0/0/1 forwarding-class best-effort
Physical interface: fe-0/0/1, Enabled, Physical link is Up
Interface index: 137, SNMP ifIndex: 32
Forwarding classes: 8 supported, 8 in use
Egress queues: 8 supported, 8 in use
Queue: 0, Forwarding classes: best-effort
Queued:
Packets
:
12196904
3179 pps
Bytes
:
643712025753
9004563 bps
Transmitted:
Packets
:
12196904
3179 pps
Bytes
:
643712025753
9004563 bps
Tail-dropped packets : 0
0 pps
RED-dropped packets : 0
0 pps
Low
:
0
0 pps
Medium-low
:
0
0 pps
Medium-high
:
0
0 pps
High
:
0
0 pps
RED-dropped bytes : 0
0 bps
Low
:
0
0 bps
Medium-low
:
0
0 bps
Medium-high
:
0
0 bps
High
:
0
0 bps

Xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxxx. Xxxxx xxxx


xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxx, xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx
xxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx
xxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx:
Classify the voice, video, and other real-time traffic into
an expedited forwarding (EF) queue with a higher priority
than the best-effort queue.
Investigate whether or not all of the egress traffic is valid.
Upgrade the speed of the connection to your service
provider.

Summary

Xxxxx Xxxxx 3 xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx


xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx Xxxxx 1 xxx Xxxxx 2, xxx
xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxx xx xxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxx Xxxxx 3 xxxxxxxx. Xxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxx Xxx Xxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx
xxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx-xxxx xxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx Xxxxx 3, xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xx
xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx
xxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx-xx-xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx
xx xxxx. Xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx
xxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xx, xxx xxx xxx xx xxxxx xx
xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xxxx
xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx x
xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxx xxx Xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxx xxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx.

What to Do Next & Where to Go

www.juniper.net/dayone

Xx xxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx, xx xxxx


xx xxxxxxxx xxx XXX xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx Xxxxxxxx. Xxxx, xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx
Xxx Xxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx.
www.juniper.net/junos

Xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxx Xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx.


http://forums.juniper.net/jnet

Xxx Xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxx X-Xxx Xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx


xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, xxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxx
xxxxxxxxx xxxxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxx, xxx
xxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx xxxxx.
www.juniper.net/techpubs

Xxx Xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx


xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx. Xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xx xxxx xxxxx
xxx Xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx.
www.juniper.net/books

Xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx


xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx

xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxx-xxxxxxxxx


xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx. Xxx xxxx xx xxx x xxxxxxx
xxxxx xx Xxxxx Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx.
www.juniper.net/training/fasttrack

Xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx, xx xxxxxxxx, xx xx xxx xx xxx xxxxxxx


xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxx. Xxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx
Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx (XXXXX) xxxxxx xxx xx
xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xx xxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx, xx
xxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxx
xxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxxxx.
102

Day One: Applying Junos Event Automation


Chapter 7: Layer 3 Troubleshooting 103

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