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Time Period,
T=
2
=0.016 s=16 ms
Frequency
1
f = =63.66 Hz
T
Solution
0
1=30 , 2=90
12=300900=1200
0
v 1 ( t ) lags v 2 ( t ) by 120
Solution
Converting v(t) into sine function
i=200 , v =1200
i v =200120 0=1400
Therefore i(t) lags v(t) by 1400 or v(t) leads i(t) by 1400.
Solution
Converting
v 1 i1=25 70 =45
v 1 ( t ) leads i 1 ( t ) by 45 0
Converting
v 1 ( t ) leads i 2 ( t ) by 1600
Solution
a) Converting
v1 ( t )
Capacitive Reactance
XC=
I=
1
1
=
=2.65900 k
6
0
C 377 1 10 90
7.07 600
0
=2.67 150 mA
3
0
2.65 10 90
3
2.67 10
i ( t )=
sin ( 377 t +1500 ) =3.776 sin ( 377 t+1500 ) mA
0.707
b)
I=
8.484 60
=3.20 1500 mA
3
0
2.65 10 90
3
i ( t )=
3.20 10
sin ( 377 t +1500 )=4.526 sin ( 377 t+150 0 ) mA
0.707
Solution
Z=
3 j4
0
=( 1.92+ j1.44 )=2.4 36.87
3+ j 4
Solution
1
1
0
0
90 =
=265.25890 = j 265.258
6
2 fC
2 60 10 10
Z = j 3.77+
(2 j 265.258 ) 1
=( 1+ j 3.766 )=3.897 75.130
( 2 j265.258 )+1
Solution
Y eq =
1
=0.221 j 7.99 103 S=0.222.10 S
( 5+ j 2 ) ( 8 j 10 )
( 4+ j1 ) +
( 5+ j2 )+ ( 8 j10 )
Solution
Z eq =
( 8 j 8 ) j 5
+ ( 4 j 2 ) j 10
( 8 j 8 )+ j 5
(
(
((
)
))
8 j 8 ) j 5
+ ( 4 j 2 + j 10
8 j 8 ) + j 5
Solution
Z =2+
1 ( j 1 ) j 2 ( j 2 )
1 ( j 1 )
+
=2+
+=
1 j 1
j2 j 2
1 j 1
Solution
Z=
(
(
( ((
( ((
( ((
( ((
)
)
)
)
j 2 j 1 ) 2
2
j2 j1 ) +2
j2 j1 ) 2
2
j 2 j 1 ) +2
j 2 j 1 ) 2
+2
j2 j 1 ) +2
)
)
+ 1 j2
j2 j1 ) 2
+2
j 2 j 1 ) +2
+1 + j 2
Solution
1
1
2 400 10 106
Z=
+ j 2 400 10 103=( 1+ j 25.11 )
1
2 j
+1
2 400 10 106
(
(
2 j
Z =25.13 87.70
)
)
Solution
1
4 j
( j2 60 10 10
(
2 60 500 10 )
Z =2+
1
4 j
( 2 60 500 10 )+( j 2 60 10 10
)
=( 5.09+ j 4.96 )
Z =7.11 44.20
Solution
Z=
( 1+ j1 ) 2 ( 4+ j2 ) ( j2 j 1 )
+
+6+ j 4=( 6.96+ j 5.28 )=8.74 37.20
( 1+ j 1 )+ 2 ( 4+ j 2 )+ ( j 2 j 1 )
Solution
V
=RX C =X L
I
XC=
1
10
=10=X L L=
=0.01 H=10 mH
6
1000
1000 100 10
Z =4+ j ( 1010 ) =4
The current
0
V 8.484 165
I= =
=2.121 1650 A i ( t )=3 sin ( 1000 t+1650 ) A
0
Z
40
OR
Solution
For Z to be purely resistive, i.e., Z = 1 and
X L= X C
X L=2 60 5 103=1.885=
1
C=1.4072 mF
2 60 C
Z =1+ j 2 60 5 103
1
=1
2 60 1.4072 103
Solution
Z=
( 15+ j 10 ) ( jX C )
15+ j ( 10X C )
=|Z T|T 8 00
18.0278 X C 56.3
0
Z=
=|ZT |T 8 0
2
2
1 10X C
15 + ( 10X C ) tan
15
T =0=56.30tan1
10 X C
10 X C
56.30=tan1
15
15
56.3 0tan 1
10X C
10 X C
1.4994=
15
15
22.4916=10X C X C =32.4916
C=
|ZT|T =
1
1
=
=123.109 F
X C 250 32.4916
Now
v ( t )=60 cos ( 250 t+ 300 ) V =60 sin ( 250 t+120 0 ) V V =42.42 1200 V
Thus
I=
V 42.42 1200
=
=1.4299 1200 A i ( t ) =2.0225sin ( 250 t +1200 ) A
0
Z T 29.6667 0
i ( t )=2.0225 cos ( 250 t +300 ) A
Solution
The impedance of the circuit
Z=
( 6+ j 25.1327 ) ( jX C )
6+ j ( 25.1327X C )
=|Z T|T
25.839 X C 13.4
Z=
=|Z T|T
2
2
1 25.1327 X C
6 + ( 25.1327X C ) tan
6
T =0=13.40tan 1
25.1327X C
25.1327 X C
13.4 0=tan1
6
6
tan (13.40 ) =
25.1327 X C
25.1327 X C
0.2382=
6
6
1.4294=25.1327X C X C =26.5321
C=
1
1
=
=15 F
X C 2 400 26.5321
Solution
For the circuit to be purely resistive,
L=
X L= X C
1
1
1
=
=
=447.2136 rad / s ( 71.2 Hz )
3
C
LC
5 10 1 103
Solution
Admittance,
Y =( 0.1+ j0.2 ) S
Impedance,
R=2 ,C=
1
1
=
=2.5 mF
X C 100 4
Solution
At
1 =1000rad /s
Z =( 5+ j 4 )=( R+ j X L )
R=5 ,L=
At
XL
4
=
=4 mH
1 1000
2 =1300 rad /s
Solution
V 35.35100 0
Z= =
=2310=( 1.7143 j1.0301 ) =( R j X C )
I 17.6751310
Solution
v ( t )=25 cos ( t ) V
|Z|=
|V | 25
= =12.5
|I| 2
Also
2
|Z| =R2 +
1
1
2
2
12.5 =10 + 2
2
C
0.0022
2
156.25=100+
250 10
156.25 2=100 2 +250 103
2
Solution
i ( t )=0.4 cos ( 500 t300 ) A=0.4 sin ( 500t +600 ) A I =0.2828 600 A
Impedance of the Linear circuit
V 3.535 900
0
Z= =
=12.5 30 =( 10.8253+ j6.25 )=( R+ j X L )
0
I 0.2828 60
R=10.8253 ,L=
6.25
=12.5 mH
500
Solution
1
900=4090 0
9
5
250 10 10
V C =( V V S )
0
ZC
4090
=( 5.1962 90010900 )
=12.1571270 V
30+ Z C
30 j 40
I S=
V S 10900
=
=0.25 A i S ( t )=0.25 cos ( 105 t ) A
0
ZC 4090
j 40
0
5
0
30=7.29652.2 V v 0 ( t ) =7.2965cos ( 10 t2.2 ) V
30 j 40
Solution
][ ] [ ]
I 1 50 00
8+ j 20
5
0
5
25+ j 2
20
I 2 = 50 00
0
20 20 j 20 I 3
0
Solution
Impedance
Z =5+
10 j 4
= ( 6.3973+ j 3.4483 )=7.2516 28.40
10+ j 4
0
V C=
100
7.2516 28.4
( j10 )
( 7 j 10 ) ( 6.3973+ j 3.4483 ) 7 j 10+7.2516 28.40
4 + j 5+
( 7 j10 ) + ( 6.3973+ j3.4483 )
][ ] [ ]
I1
11 j5 7+ j 10
0
100
=
7+ j10 12 j 6
j 4 I2
0
0
j4
10+ j 4 I 3
0
Solution
][ ] [ ]
I1
7 j 3 3+ j 5
0
50
3+ j5
8
5 j 5 I 2 = 0
0
5 j5 11 j 5 I 3
0
Solution
All branches are connected in parallel to source
Applying voltage division rule
V 0=17.675 900
j 10
=19.7613 26.60 V
8 j 4
17.675 90
I0 =
=2.7604 51.30 A
5+ j 4
i 0 ( t )=3.9044 cos ( 2t 38.7 0 ) A
Solution
Admittance
Y=
1 1 1
+ + =0.360633.7 0 S
10 j5 5
Impedance
Z =Y 1=2.7735 33.70
V 2=I
Z (
2.7735 33.70 (
j 10 )=3.7612 66.50
j10 )=11.8945 84.90 V
0
Z j 10
2.7735 33.7 j10
Solution
Impedance
Z 1=2+
( 5+ j5 ) ( 3 j1 )
=( 4.5+ j 0 )
5+ j5+ 3 j1
Z 2= ( 6+ j 6 )
Z=
( 4.5+ j 0 ) ( 6+ j 6 )
0
=3.1574 15.3
4.5+6+ j 6
V 0=35.35 900
4
=19.930796.70 V
0
3.1574 15.3 +4
Solution
Impedance
(
(
2+
Z 1=
2+
1
j2
1
1 1
+ +
j4 j8 5
1
1
1 1
+ +
j 4 j8 5
)
)
+ j2
V X =35.35 600
2.1532 70.6
=22.6934 166.6 0 V
0
2.1532 70.6 + ( 2 j 4 )
Solution
I1 =
35.35 900
=17.675 00 A i 1 ( t ) =25 cos ( 10 t900 ) A
j2
35.35 90 0
I2 =
=6.2491 450 A i 2 ( t ) =8.8388 cos ( 10 t450 ) A
j 4 ( 4 j 4 )
j 4+ 4 j 4
Applying voltage division rule
0
V X =35.35 90
j4
0
0
=24.9962 45 V v x ( t ) =35.3553cos ( 10 t45 ) V
4 j 4
Solution
35.35 900
I1 =
=17.675 1800 A i1 ( t ) =25 cos ( 10 t + 900 ) A
j2
From above diagram
V X =35.35 900
5
=25 450 V
5+ j 5
Now
Solution
Converting the diagram in Figure P8.36 into frequency domain circuit
Total current
0
I=
70.7 90 28.28 60
=2.9193 820 A
10+ j 4 j5+ j8+ 5
V X ( j5 I )28.28 60 ( j 8 I )=0
V X =( j 5 I ) +28.28 600 + ( j8 I )=26.285 780 V
v X ( t )=37.1808 cos ( 40 t120 ) V
Solution
V X =5 I
Applying KVL
I=
35.35 90 0
0
=6.3236 63.4 A
0
55.9017 26.6
Solution
V 1= j 5 I 1=21.0488 50 V
v 1 ( t ) =29.772sin ( 10 t+ 50 ) V v 1 ( t )=29.772 cos ( 10 t850 ) V
Now
Solution
Using voltage division rule
j1
=70.7107450 V
1 j 1
V =100 00
Solution
Using voltage division rule
0
V 0=10 30
j 12
0
=42.426415 V
2+ j10 j 12
Solution
Applying current division rule
V 0=5 300
15
( j12 )=4523.1 V
( 15+1
j12 )
0
Solution
12 00 V
V 0=12 00
is parallel to 4 . Therefore
2
=10.7331153.4 0 V
2 j1
Solution
Converting voltage source to its equvalent current source
V 0=
Solution
30
0
j 40=45.24 34.8 V
30+ j 40
I=
24 0
=8.9443 26.60 A
( 2+ j 2 ) ( j1 )
+2
2+ j2 j1
V 0=8.9443 26.6 0
j1
2=8900 V
2+ j 1
OR
24 0
2
V 1=
=11.3137450 V
1
1
1
+
+
2 j1 2+ j2
Now applying voltage division rule
V 0=11.3137 450
2
=8900 V
2+ j2
Solution
The circuit in Fig. P8.45 is redrawn as shown below.
Current through 2
I2 =
40
=2 00 A
2
Current through j2
0
I j 2=
40
=2 900 A
j2
Current at V or through j1
I j 1=2 00 +2 900=( 2+ j2 ) A
Voltage across j1
0
Now
Thus
I0 =
V1
=2.8284 450 A
1
Solution
Current to left of VS ie., -ve side
I ( 1 j 1) =
V1
4 00
=
=2.8284 450 A
1 j1 1 j 1
Current through 2
I2 =
V 1 4 00
=
=20 0 A
2
2
I ( 1 j 1) + I 2=I V
Z=
( 2+ j1 ) ( j 1 )
=1.11863.4 0
2
loop
Solution
Current through 1 resistor
I1 =
V 0 4 450
=
=4 45 0 A
1
1
Also
V 0=
VZ
V =V 0 ( 1 j 1 )=4 45 0 ( 1 j 1 )=5.657 00 V
1 j1 Z
I2 =
12 00V Z 12 00 5.657 00
0
=
=3.1715 0 A
2
2
Current through Z
Z=
VZ
5.657 00
=
=( 0.2385+ j 1.9711 )=1.9855 83.10
0
I Z 2.849283.1
Solution
V 3=12 0 V ,V 4 =1 4 0 =4 0 V
V1
( 11 + j11 + 1j1 )V j1 V + j 1V =0 V V = j 1V j1 V
2
V 1V 2= j1 12 0 j1 4 0 =8 90
Applying KCL at node 2
V 1 +V 2
( 11 + 11 )=2 0 V + 2V =2180
0
Solving
I X=
V 2
= (2 j 8 ) A=8.2465760 A
1
INCOMPLETE
Solution
Solution
Solution
Applying KCL at node 1
V 1 V 1 V 1V 2
+ +
=120 02 00=3 V 1V 2=10 00
1 1
1
V 2 V 2V 1
+
=4 00 =V 1 + ( 1+ j1 ) V 2=4 00
j1
1
I0 =
V1
=4.771720.8 0 A
1
Solution
Applying KCL at V
1
1
1 1 12 00
6 00
0
+
+ + =
4 0 +
0
2 j1 j2 2
2
190
( 1+ j 0.5 ) V =2+ j 6
V=
2+ j 6
=( 4 + j4 ) V =5.657 45 0 V
1+ j 0.5
Thus
V 5.657 45 0
I0 = =
=2.8284 450 A
2
2
Solution
Applying KCL at V
1
1
12 0
40
+
+1 =
20 0+
2 j1 2+ j2
2 j 1
1
( 6.8000+ j2.4000 )
= ( 4.0734+ j 1.5780 ) V =4.3684 21.20 V
( 1.6500 j0.0500 )
V 0=V
2
2
=4.3684 21.20
=3.088923.80 V
2+ j 2
2+ j 2
Solution
From Fig. P8.54,
V 2V 1=12 0 V V 2 =V 1+12 0 V
Node1 and Node 2 are super node, because a voltage source was connected
between them. An equation should be formed covering both nodes together as
shown in Fig. above.
V1
V V
V2
+ 1+ 2+
=0 ( 1+ j0.5 ) V 1 + ( 0.25 j 0.25 ) V 2=0
1 j 1 2 j 2 2 j2
Thus
I0 =
V 1
=1.666456.30 A
2
Solution
From above
V 2V 1=12 0 V V 2 =V 1+12 0 V
(Node1 and Node 2 are super node, because a voltage source was connected
between them. An equation should be formed covering both nodes together as
shown in Fig. above)
0
V1 V1 V2 V2
60
+
+ +
=2 00
( 1+ j 1 ) V 1 + ( 0.5 j 0.5 ) V 2=4 0 0
1 j 1 j2 1+1
1
And
V 0=V 2
Solution
Solution
1
=4.5607 237.90 V
1+ 1
Solution
From above
0
V 1 V 2
1
+V 3 1+1+
=0 2.236126.6 0 V 3 =4 00+ 4 004 V 3
1
1
j1
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
From Figure P8.66
V2
=jV2
j1
(Node1 and Node 2 are super node, because a voltage source was connected
between them. An equation should be formed covering both nodes together as
shown in Fig. above)
V1 V2
V2
+
+
=2V X V 1+ ( 0.5+ j 0.5 ) V 2=2 V X
1 j1 1+ j1
V2
=4.116 1490 V
j1
V 0=V 2
1
4.116 1210
=
=2.9104 76 0 V
1+ j1
1+ j1
Solution
Solution
V 0=2 I 2
][ ] [
0
j1 2 j I 1 = 6 0 I =(3+ j 1.2427 ) A=3.2472157.5 0 A
2 j 2+ j2 I 2
12 450 2
Thus
Solution
V 0=2 ( I 1I 2) ,I 2 =4 900 A
Applying KVL to loop 1
( 6 j 4 ) I 1( 2 j 4 ) I 2=12 00
Substituting for I2 gives
( 6 j 4 ) I 1( 2 j 4 ) (4 900 )=12 00
I1 =
( 4 + j 8 )
=1.240482.90 A
( 6 j 4 )
Thus
Solution
From above
I 1 =4 0 0 A ,V 0=I 2 j1 I 3
Applying KVL
I 1 +3 I 2I 3=03 I 2I 3=4 00
I 2 + ( 1 j1 ) I 3=6 00
Solving gives
Solution
From above
I 1 =4 0 0 A ,V 0=1 I 4
Applying KVL
I 1 +3 I 2I 3I 4 =0 3 I 2I 3I 4 =4 00
0
I 2 + ( 1 j1 ) I 3 + j I 4=6 0
I 2 + j I 3 + ( 2 j 1 ) I 4 =0
Solving gives
0
V 0=1 I 4 =4.77749.9 V
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
From above
I 2 =4 30 0 A ,I 4 =I 3+ 20 0
V X =1 I 4=I 3+ 20
( 2 j1 ) I 1 + j1 I 2I 3=0
Substituting for I2 gives
I 1I 2+ I 3 +2 I 4=2 V x
I 14 300 + I 3+ 2 ( I 3 +2 00 ) =2 ( I 3 +2 00 )
I 1 + I 3 =4 30
In compact
][ ] [
0
(2 j 1 ) 1 I 1 = 460
0
1
1 I3
4 30
Solving gives
Now
I 1 =( 3.4641+ j2 ) A=4 30 0 A
0
I 0 =I 1 I 2=4 30 4 30 =0 A
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
With 1200 V alone acting in the network
V '0=12 00
j1
=5.366663.4 0 V
2 j 1
V '0' =4 00
Thus
( 21j1 ) ( j 1)=1.7889116.6 V
Solution
With 600 V source alone acting in the circuit
[ ][ ] [ ]
1 0 I1 = 0
0 1 I 2 6 00
I 2 =6 A=6900 A
V '0=1 I 2 =6900 V
With 600 A source alone acting in the circuit
][ ] [ ]
1
1 1
+
j 1 j 1 j 1 V 1 = 6 00
''
1
0
1+ 1 V 0
j1
''
V 0 =690 V
Thus
Solution
With 600 V source alone acting in the circuit
V 0=6 0
2
0
=3.794718.4 V
3+ j1
V =
Thus
2 00
1
1
+
1 j 1 2+ j 2
2
=1.7889 116.60 V
2+ j 2
Solution
With 200 A source alone acting in the circuit
1
1
+
j2 2
1
2
][ ] [ ]
1
V1
2
= 2 V '0=(1.3333 j1.3333 ) V
'
1 1 1 V 0 2
+ +
2 j4 2
V '0'
Thus
1
1 1 12 00 ' ' (
+ + =
V = j 4 )V
2 j2 j 4 2
j4 0
Solution
With 1600 V source alone acting in the network
V1
1 1
1
16 00
+ +
=
V =10.733163.4 0 V
j2 2 3+ j 3 j 2 1
V '0=10.7331 63.40
2
=5.0596 18.4 0 V
3+ j3
1
1 1
+ +
j2 2 3
1 1
j2 2
][ ] [ ]
1 1
V 1 4
j2 2
0
=
V 1=(4.8000 j 3.6000 ) V =6143.1 V
1
1 1 V2
0
+ +
j2 j 3 2
2
''
0
0
V 0 =6143.1 =4 143.1 V
3
Thus
Solution
With 200 A source alone acting in the network,
'
V '0' =20 0 V
With 600 V source alone acting in the network,
1
V '0' ' =6 0 0 =3 00 V
2
Thus
'
''
'' '
V 0=V 0 +V 0 + V 0 =5 0 V
Solution
Solution
Solution
2 ( 1 j1 )
2+ 1 j 1
I 0 =6.324618.4 0
=236.80 A
2 ( 1 j 1 )
+2
2+1 j1
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
INCOMPLETE
Solution
V TH =
60
1+
1
1
+
j 1 2+ j 1
j1
0
=1.6641 33.7 V
2+ j 1
Thevenin Impedance
Z 1TH
1 ( j1 )
+ 2) j1
(
1 j 1
=
=1 67.4
1 ( j 1 )
( 1 j1 +2)+ j 1
V 0=1.6641 33.70
1
=0.650912.5 0 V
0
1+ 1+1 67.4
Solution
Voltage across j2
V j 2=12 00
j2
=8.4853450 V
2 j 2
Voltage across 2
V 2=2 4 00=8 00 V
V TH =8.485345 08 00 =6.3246108.4 0 V
Thus
Thevenin Impedance
Z TH =
Thus
I0 =
2 ( j 2 )
0
+ 2=( 3 j1 )=3.162318.4
2 j 2
V TH
6.3246108.4 0
=
=0.8944100.3 0 A
Z TH +4
3 j1+ 4
Solution
I 2 j 2 ( I 2I 1 ) + ( I 2I )=6
Substituting for I1 and I gives
I 2 =3.807923.20 A
Now
I 2 6=V TH V TH =2.9155310 V
or
V TH ( j 2 ) ( I 2 I 1 ) ( I 2 I ) =0
V TH =2.915531 V
Thevenin Impedance
Z TH =
( 1 j2 )
=0.790618.4 0
1+1 j 2
I0 =
V TH
2.9155310
=
=1.649322.90 A
1+ Z TH 1+ 0.790618.4 0
Solution
I 2 =4 0 A
From above
2 I 1I 2=6 0
Let VX be the voltage across the current source. Now applying KVL to loop 2
( 1 j1 ) I 2I 1=V X V X =14.560215.90 V
0
V TH =6 0 +V X =20.396111.3 V
Thevenin Impedance
Z TH =
Thus
V 0=V TH
CHECK
1 1
j1= ( 0.5 j1 )=1.1180 63.4 0
1+1
1
0
=11.311822.4 V
1+ ZTH
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
1 00=I 3+ I X =
V 1 =
V1 V1
+
=V 1 ( 0.333+ j 0.333 )
3 j3
1
0
=2.123445 V
( 0.333+ j 0.333 )
V =4 I X V 1=4
V1
V 1 3.539171.90 V
j3
Thevenin Impedance
0
Z TH =
3.539171.9
=3.539171.90
0
10
CHECK : Ans
3.539 8.13
Solution
No independent source is available, so Thevenin Voltage is zero
No Solution
Solution
No independent source is available, so Thevenin Voltage is zero
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From Fig. P8.145,
V 2=12 00 V ,I X =
V 2V 1
12V 1
V1
I X=
=0.6366
j18.85
j 18.85
j 18.85
I 0 =3 ( I X )=3 0.6366
V1
=1 . 9098+0.1592 V 1
j 18.85
I 0 +
V 1V 2
V2
1
=2 I X V 1
=I 2 I X
j 18.85
j 18.85 j 18.85 0
Substituting for
V1
V 2 , I 0I X
gives
1
120 0
12 00
=0.6366+ 0.1061V 1
j18.85
INCOMPLETE