Electronics Today 1978 11

FIRST ISSUE OF OUR NEW
MAGAZINE FOR SMALL SYSTEMS!

THE
PROJECTS.
. . .
MICROPROCESSORS .
. .
AUDIO ..
TRANSCENDENT 2000
SINGLE BOARD SYNTHESIZER
LIVE PERFORMANCE SYNTHESIZER DESIGNED BY CONSULTANT TIM

ORR (FORMERLY SYNTHE SIZER DES _hE. =_s
=VIM'S _NwwNo a,NMC
CONSTRUCTIONAL ARTICLE IN ELECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL.
f.EATVJRED AS A
RAN SCF NDENT 2000 is a 3 octave instrument transposable 2
octaves up
n-rren.=
modulation a VCF with both low and high pass outputs and a separate dynamicor down gwnig an el lecdve 7 octave
u=r,swws r
rms. swim use o="
sweep control, a noise generator an d an ADS= e- .e
detector ADSR repeat, sample and hold and special circuitry with precision
Mg.
a -aMotr
components to ensure tuning stability amongst r_ -_
:
The ket includes fully finished metalwork soled teak cabinet filter sweep
pedal, professional qualify components (all resistors e -^
! _ana aye
right down to the last nut and bolt and last piece of wue1 Th ere
complete
ere t
is even a 13A plug in the kit
you need buy absolutely no wee
Virtually all the components are on the one professional Quality libre g lass PCB
se-rres,riums ares
7sr'aase
printed with component locations. All the controls mnur.t _--eis > r.e
board are made with connector plugs and construction ,s so simple it can be
mew mews
'no
built easily in a few evenings by almost anyone capab le of rear sores
-nee elem. Seewrt ere el
synthesizer comparable in performance and Quality with ready Polt un its selling for
a
between 500 and 700!
alst1k141''j'iati_:arr8i!'.
The
I..
n3
rro. '+se easasdIre

r Y >r
osi
rvsi
ams
t
Z!a
STILL ONLY
.172.00
+ VAT
FOR COMPLETE KITS!

Comprehensive handbook supplied
with all complete kits! This fully describes instruction and tells you how to
set up your synthesizer with nothing
mom akaborate then a multi -meter and a
pair of ears.
-r.'
t at SO
,e
E172 00
200+ 200 watt AMPLifIER
As featured in Electronics Today International
400W rms continuous 800W peak!

0.03% THD at FULL power!
PLUS all the following features too!
*
*
*
PSI 4001 SLAVE MODEL
Each channel totally
independent with its own stabilised power supply driven by custom designed
TOROIDAL transformers'
Inherent reliability
monster heat sinks for cool running at the hottest venues- electronic open and
short circuit protection'
Ultra low feedback (an incredible low 14dB overalls), super high slewing rate (20V/p s), 200W rms
continuous to 4 ohm from EACH channel, input sensitivity 0.775V (OdB).
Professional quality components, sturdy 19 rack mounting chassis complete with sleeve and
feet
for free standing work too.
Easy to build
plenty of working space with ready access to all components, minimal wiring,
extensive instruction suitable for both experience constructors and newcomers to electronics.
Value for money

6001
- quality and performance comparable with ready-built amplifiers costing over
PSI 4002 STUDIO IWIODEL
PSI 4001
SUPER NEW
LOW PRICES!
COMPLETE KIT ONLY 187.50

+ VAT
PSI 4002
COMPLETE KIT ONLY 196.90

+ VAT
The kits shown on this page are available as seca-n'a =_
PR ICE STAR (CITY: Order with confidence irrespective of any price

changer
we will honour all prices in this advertisement until November
30th 1978 f EOct oller 1978 issue is mentioned with your order Errors
and VAT rate cha -_e=
exc lud ad
EXPORT ORDERS: No VAT Postage charged at actual cost plus 50c
"a and documentation.
U.K. ORDERS. Subject to 12% surcharge lo r VAT" p e add '3 tc-e
charge is made for carriage. - or at current rat e [f changed
SECURICOR DELIVERY: For this optional service tU K
F2.50 !VAT inclusive) per kit
SALES COUNTER: ll you prefer to col'ect COL, Y'.
-3
Sales Counter (at rear of lacmryl Open 9 e m 4 3C _
'.
=a
`'--
- '-
'-
-.,
OUR CATALOG LtE
C
f 1l [GL.I
CD
..
eV;'
e<:
7y
1.I
NO*a
POWERTRAN ELECTRONICS
-
64455
Iectronics
glimmium
NOVEMBER 1978 VOL 7 NO 11
INTERNATIONAL
a+&t..
FEATURES
NEWS DIGEST
VENUS PROBE
SWITCH IN LINE SAVES NONE
GAIN CONTROL PART 2
ULTRASONICS IN MEDICINE
AUDIOPHILE
TECH TIPS
37
51
65
79
85
91
Find out here before you hear it elsewhere!

Details of the Multiprobe mission
Down with DPDTs at inputs.
Concluding Tim Orrs survey
Inside information obtained
DIY Preamp and Sony's new 60
Your circuits to you
!
PROJECTS
ONE BOARD COMPUTER
TV CHESS PART 2
16 Wow!
44
Full constructional details.

Play along with the PROMs?
LCD DFM option too.
AUTOCHORD 57
AUDIO OSCILLATOR 71
what a display p.16
INFORMATION
ETI BOOK SERVICE
10
12
13
15
35
ETI SPECIALS
MARKET PLACE
DECEMBER PREVIEW
54
55
63
SUBSCRIPTIONS
HOBBY ELECTRONICS
COME AND JOIN US
ETI PRINTS
MOO O50.0 1'FOi!
Make it easy on yourself

Here it comes!
Your ETI needs YOU!
The only way to board.
Fine print and proud of it.
All our wares on show
Price reductions here.
What goes in next month.
COMPUTING TODAY: NEW MAGAZINE FOR SMALL SYSTEMS.

FIRST ISSUE INSIDE.
sine of the times p. 71
INTERNATIONAL
EDITIONS
AUSTRALIA Collyn Rivers
Publisher
Les Belt
Acting Editor
Holland Anton Kriegsmau
Editor-in-Chiet
CANADA Steve Braidwood
Ed to,
Graham Wideman
Assistant Editor
GERMANY Udo wntig
Editor
1101
EDITORIAL AND ADVERTISEMENT fF10E

London
RF
Moorshead Editor
Assistant Editor
Ron Harris B.Sc
Projects Editor
Gary Evans
Jim Perry Specials Editor
Phil Cohen B Sc, William King Editorial Assistants
John Koblanski Project Design
Project Development
Steve Ramsahadeo
Paul Edwards
Technical Illustrator
Margaret Hewitt Administration
Andrew Scott Office Manager
Kim Hamlin, Bren Goodwin
Tim Salmon, Val Tregidgo Reader Services
Mark Strathern (Manager), Tom Moloney Advertising
25-27 Oxfor Stre
iABC
PUBLISHED BY
i71S t KYE3ii t ttJ
F'RINI'ED BY
896
Modmags Lid.. 25-27 Oxford Street. London WI R FRF

Distribution Ltd (British Isles]
A+rg us
Cur don
& Gotch Ltd (Overseas).
48. Lim'ted_
Colchester
Electronics Today International is normally published on the first Friday of the month prior to the cover date
COPYRIGHT: All material is subject to world wide Copyright protection. All reasonable care is taken in the preparation of the magazine to ensure
accuracy but ETI cannot be held responsible for it legally. Where errors do occur a correction will be published as soon as possible afterwards.
ELECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
- NOVEMBER
978
PUWEITIIAN
AUDIO KITS OF DISTINCTION FROM
DE LUXE EASY TO BUILD LINSLEY-HOOD
75W AMPLIFIER 99.30 + VAT
This easy to build version of our worldwide acclaimed 75W a mplifier kit based upon circuit
boards in terconriected wan gold plated contacts resulting In m inimal wiring and construction
delightful ly straightforward- The design was published in HeFi News and Record Review and
features include rumble filter. variable scratch filler. vers atile tone controls and tape
monitoring whilst distortion is less then 0_01%.
WIRELESS WORLD FM TUNER 70.20 + VAT

A pre -aligned fro -tend module mak es this Wireless World Or.bkstie0 design very smpl e
to
construct and adj ust without sweet nstruments Feat saw includes/risen-Went a m reeks ion.
push-button station selection as wet as infinitely va nettle tuning end a gobe forted oop
stereo decoder in corporal ng active fi Iters for b:rdy sspprbaaon
i
LINSLEY-HOOD CASSETTE DECK 79.60 + VAT

The design Oeblesed iw WfMeee World. although strain h tfo rwa rd and relatively low
cost
Medea a very high elle deed Of petformenc e. There a re separate re Ord and replay amplifiers
and sai.G.Y. eouealabon meter wbh a choice of bias level s are also provided.
The
s
"dring.lencoCRV with electronic speed contro I.
T20 + 20 AMPLIFIER 33.10 + VAT

This kit, based upon a design published in Practical Wireless, uses a single printed circuit
board and offers at very low cost, ease of construction and all the normal facilities found on
quality amplifiers A 30 watt version of this kit (T30 + 30) is also available for 38.40 + VAT
II
WWII TUNER 47.70 + VAT

This cost reduced model of our highly successful Wireless World FM Tuner kit eras
designed to
complement the T20
20 end 130 - 30 amplifiers and the cabinet site front panel format
and olectncal characteristics make this tuner compatible with either. Facilities included
are
pre -aligned frbntend module. swichable aft. adjustable searchable muting. LED tuning
indication and both continuous and push-button channel selection (adjustable y
b controls on
the Iront panel)
POWERTRAN SFMT TUNER 35.90 + VAT

This is simple low co sl design which can be constructed !rill without special alignment
equipment but which st ill goresa lirst
a
class output Suitable for teed re any of our very popular

amplifiers or any other high quality audio equipment A Phase.lotked-100p a used for stereo
decoding and controls include iwieheble ale swachable muting and push-button channel
selection (adjustable by controls on the Iront panel) This unit n'atthes wall with the T20 + 70
and T30 + 30 amplifie Is
S/MT
c,C>:'crrC,
COMPLETE KITS: Our complete kits really are complete. All of the projects shown on this page are
supplied with fully finished metalwork ready assembled high quality teak veneer
cabinet, cables, nuts, bolts, etc., and full instructions
in fact everything,
All of the kits shown on this page are available as separate packs (except the Powertran SFMT Tuner)
for those customers who wish to spread their purchase or perhaps make their
cabinets or metalwork. Prices are given in our FREE CATALOGUE
own
ohm E STABILITY : Order with confide nce!
irrespective of any price changes.
We w ill honour all p rices in this adverbs Brent until November 30th, 1978. If
ETI 0 sober 1978 issue is mentioned with your order. Errors and VAT rate
chang es excluded
EXPORT ORDERS: No VAT Postage charged at actual cost plus 50p handling
and documentation.
U.K. OR DERB, Subject to 12% surcharge for VAT' (i.e. add '/e to the price). No
charge is made for carnage or at current rate if changed.
SECURI COR DELIVERY. For this optional s ervice (U.K. mainland only) add
2.50 (V AT inclusive) per kit
SALES COUNTER: If you prefer to collect your kit from the factory, call at
Sales Counter (at rear of factory). Open 9 a.m -4 30 p m Monday -Thursday
OUR CATALOGUE IS
FREE! WRITE OR
PHONE
NOW!
POWERTRAN ELECTRONICS
PORTWAY INDUSTRIAL ESTATE

ANDOVER HANTS SP1 0 3NM
ANDOVER
(0264) 64455
- NOVEMBER 1978
news digest
dmm(digital midget meter?)
on the face of it
It had to come. Someone somewhere had to go produce
an ANALOGUE digital watch. And here we have it. Must
confess it looks very nice too. Texas get the credit/blame
or whatever.
The display is be autiful. 120 se gments are used to
produce the illusi on of the dial. On normal LCD's up to
half the area is us ed for contacts to the segments, wh ich
would mean that with 121 contacts to provide the display

would have to be pretty big - a clock yes, but no watch.
Texas have gotten this by mult iplexing the drive to the
segments, which a (lows 90% of the area to be freed for
usage.
and this is unusual. 1:'2L is not
The chip is I L
normally employed in LCD units because of the problem
of driving the highly c apacitive elements. Bipolar drivers
are used to avoid this, and are designed to drive the large
capacitance with a (relatively) large 150A initial current
for about 100 AS and to provide the 100 nA `sustan'
Guinness take note the world's smallest DMM it seems.

Made by Heuer Time Ltd it measures just 4 x 1.6" x 0.5
(100 x 40 x 20mm to you Euro-people) with a probe which
is 4" x 0.8" x 0.5" (you mm lot can work that out
yourselves). Volts Ohms and Amps either DC or AC can
be accommodated between 2V-1 kV, 2 mA -2 A and 2k -20M
although not necessarily in that order. AC measurement
is true RMS. Display is 31/2 digit LCD. Input 7 10M+Price
around 240. Address: Heuer Ltd, Argyle House,
29/31 Euston Road, London.
'
the dalek connection
current thereafter.
Another interesting point is that the material used for
the display, a low voltage ester material would not
usually be employed in watches because of its negative
higher the temp. the lower the drive
temp. Coeff.
required which can lead to 'ghosting' and confusion of
the display. The 1-L however can compensate for this.
Naturally, since this is the first of its kind, the price of
but the watch
all this invention will be high initially
will function as a chronograph too and the Jones's
will NEVER be able to keep up with this.
In the shops soon we hear.
- -
watt batteries
Here is an amp to really
annoy the neighbours

with. If they complain
about the hi-fi again, pack

up the battery cassette
recorder, speakers and this
PAC 250 MB, drive around
the back of the house and
when they're least expecting it give 'em 250W a
channel straight in the
back door. An outflanking
move to warm Napoleon's
heart.
The PAC 250 you see
will run quite happily from
24V DC or 250V AC. Very
handy for PA as well as
neighbour baiting.
Details from: Millbank
Electronics Ltd, Uckfield,
Sussex TB22 1PS.
This lot looks like it could give Dr Who a few sleepless

nights does it not? It's easy to imagine it lumbering
across a smoke -circled hill and intoning "Take me to
your leader...
Perhaps fortunately for the human race it is simply a
noteworthy new conn ection system from Pressac Ltd.
The PCB mounting plu gs and sockets can be got at from
either direction, and cable and chassis mounting assemblies are also available. Spacing can be either 2.5mm or
5.0mm and up to 40 ways are possible.
Pressac Ltd, Acton Grove, Long Easton, Nottingham
Sound of safety?
NG10 1FW.
car alarm which operates on the ultrasonic area

protection principle usually employed in houses is now
being imported from the land of pasta and pinched
bottoms.
Called the 'Break' it uses four sensors to cover the
interior of any vehicle, and has adjustable sensitivity so
that spurious triggering can be avoided. Once activated
so don't
you have 40 secs to clear out before it goes off
and coming back in 10 secs to
get stuck in the seat belt
swtich it off.
Once the alarm is in mid sing -song, the removal of the
felon will lead to a shutdown 15 secs later. If he persists
not including ear
so will the alarm. Price around 50
A
eye of the tornado?

Britain and NATO's new aircraft the MRCA Tornado is
with a Visual
in its inceptor role
to be fitted
Augmentation System develo ped by Marconi. The systern presents the crew with a television picture of what
lies ahead of their machine using a newly -developed
low -light TV camera system.
Based on an existing Marconi design for a low light
camera, the equipment produces an image at ranges far
in excess of what the unaided eye can manage, and in
light conditions anywhere from daylight to starlight.
Every little helps.
NOVEMBER 1978
plugs from:
Sofare Ltd, Stoke Heath, Market Drayton, Shropshire.
7
- -
:I'
'11:1171 ILI
I1
l`
5 fISTORS
i- :
HERTS, ENGLAND
111111r
.Nv.
33 CARDIFF ROAD. WATFORD,
MAIL ORDER
73*
I.
CALLERS WELCOME.
Tel. Watford 40588/9.
`----
<ini
Ac+2o.
AC+A1.
38
18
20
20
36
40"35
40
POSTAGEATCOST.AIR/SURFACE.
4C017
ACYIB
ACY19
AC120
Export otdem no VAT. Applicable to U.K. Customers only. Unless eteted otherwise, ell
prices me s:elusive of VAT. Please add 8% to devices marked *. To the rose add
124/a%.
ACY21
W n9cA tnow.n0. n,n.. I.w.. It
to .111 u. We an aKY.ud.9,N4 W.t1orU Football Gmund. 4CY22
VAT
p7
Nwn.+ Un.Mpotnd
Sutton Watford MIS 5689. 0948 MonMY w b.1uN.Y, *InpN FM
ER
P*.A6Bap.wmWla.
Dr
40
36
40
ACY41
POLYEITER CAPACITORS: Awl WO rcv NeNs are m 8F)
ACYY
400V:0.001 0-0015.0-0072 0-0033 7p;
0-0047, 0-0068, 0-01, 0 -015 60 18 9p:
002 2 0-033, *pN9a
1op,
0-1, 15p;
0-047.0-06814p;
0.15, 0-22, 22p;
0-33, 0.a]3Ip
0.5016p.
gp]81*
160V:0039.015 627110
0USIUER:10009:0-01.001
0-33.0-4719p:
20p;
0-022 22p;
0-047 26p;
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2432p:
4-736p. Ap1BN
OA7Np.
4F106*
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AF114.
A1115.
FEED THROUGH
CAPACITORS
1000pF/350V
2B
26
*1116.
25
BF
1 AitlB.
ELECTROLYTIC CAPA Crt0a5-.Au813wdIY9e(WN6areuwEl
639:047 LD b6
4.7 6-6.8.10 15 22 89i41, 12 50.11063 IM] 27p:60V:300y;, *0121*
3 3
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79.50.100 770,25p. - 50p; 1000 2200 98p:40Ve22
33 70100 11p:"300 089;4700 040 41125*
35V"03378:331_:' 32p:1WO49p:2EV:f022a7 Sp; 80100WEp:220250.t2p470 41126
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200 1000 27P; 5X,300: 2000 349: 3300 SIN 4700 648; 16V: 10 30
68 769 100 125. *1127*
Sp; 470 189;1000 1500. 20p: 2200. 340 10V:4 100 89:640.100 1000
149.
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TIPI: 70V:2000,847001210;t0V:10000.2658:3000 lip: 40V:40007002500

65025V4700,44942(100.37040V115,080468p.326V:200+100+504110019067
--TANTALUM BEAD CAPACITORS POTENTIOMETERS (AB or EG EN)
lu
35V: 0
15 F 0-22,
1-0 2 2P F, 3-3 4-7
0-33 0-47 0-68,

6-8 25V: 1-5 10
207:1-5 16V: 109F 13p each 22259.
479F 100 40p.
10V: 22.5 33 47 6V: 47 68 100
3V: 68, 1009F 20p each
gang
Sell Stick Graduated Berets
1:tMAMI1: CAPACITORS 50V

Range: 0-5pF to 10 000pF
0-0150F, 0-022p F 0-033p F
0047pF4p,
014F
600,820
POLYSTYRENE CAPACITORS:
10pF to nF 8p;
1.5nF to 47nF 10p
CERAMIC TRIMMER CAPACITORS

2-7pF 4-15pF:6-25pF 8-30pF
20p
5-6pF. 3-10pF 10-40pF
5-25pF 5-45pF 60L1F 88pF:
61
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DP VALSE 7r
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67840
26p
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15B111W 928
BOA Vawe HMdar
489
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25p
MWSFR
MW; LW 5FR
829
1039
RF CHOKES
5
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41p
49p
49p
3%
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(copper clad) (pla)n)

3.14
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35p each
60p each
D#
21/2o 5
3%
100 200 470
10
V E.ROBOAR
2%
17
17
of 35 pins
Spot lace cutter
Pin insertion tool
PSI
33p
45p
45p
22p
26p
-39p
56p 60p
152p 121p 79p
195p 163p 107p
252p
165p,
30p
85p
99p
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Plus Spool
325p
Spare spool (wire)
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35
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1
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80p*
Combs 7p each
1165150 PEN*
Single
sided
Doublesided
75p
130p
909
175p
1-
spare hp
_SRBP
7 5 x7 5
60p
OIL SOCKETS. Low 0414058451

1 Op; - 4 ,ar. 12p:
5 p 1. 138: I a pin
r.. 27p: 22 pp 300; 24 95 300
20p,
26 Pe 42p; 4C oto 689.00,x12408.
SOLOSROON P1NS
, 50y.
ISOLATORS
TIL
72
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20
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1'11003.
Minimum
order
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please
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54146
1544
20
3A 1001* 1B
34,4007* 20
3A/600V* 27
3A/10007+
64/600V
30
50
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25J
150
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135
MVAM115
BB106
105
25
40
40
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TRIALS*
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39''0
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14100V
15200V
14400V
14600V
3850V
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3A200V
3A400V
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164500V210
60669
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78400V
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DIAC*
572
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61839
90
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BFR40
BFR41
BFR79
BFR60
BFR81
BFR98
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BC381a
817
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25
29
28
28
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130
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BFX29*
BFX81*
20 8FX84*
57 BFX85*
BFX86*
T6
180 13FX87*
78 BFX88+
BFY18*
75 BFY50*
22 BFY51 *
BFY52*
15 BFV53*
15 BFV55+
16 BFV64*
20 BFV71*
145 BSX20*
13
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32
55
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25
30
45
15
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76
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0079*
76
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28
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0083*
48
40250*
44 40251*
48 40311*
48 40313*
48
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0C122*
0C123*
0C139*
135
85
85
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0C141*
CA305 ElE.
CA308
CA308 9F
CA309 0G
CA312 3E
CA313 D.
CA314 0*
ICL71C 6.
ICL71C 7*
IOM 72 35*
LM30C H
LM301 AP*
So
90144*
196
196
MJ2955*
65
9p181
90205.
BD778*
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30 TIP35C*
36 TIP36*
36 TIP36A*
36 TIP36B*
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29
BFitr-
60
MPSA12
25
MPS455
809513*
450
=_4'3'
120
560
240
240
295
60
78
750
795
275
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1250
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92
79
150
120
70
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200
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135
97
650
650
635
175
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70
190
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5035 0
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5E51 5
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210
110
7160* 620
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NE55 6013*
NE56 0*
NE56 1*
NE56 213*
NE56 5A*
NE56 6*
NE56 7V
80
185
29
60
325
395
410
120
150
170
110
115
225
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54960
TBA1205
TBA540
T645400
TBA5500
TBA641-412
BX or BX11
764651
TBA800
7134810S
TBA820
7849200
TCA2700
7C4270SQ
TDA1022
TDA2020
TL081CP*
TL082CP*
TL084CP*
U44170
ZN414
ZN424E
ZN425E*
150
50
228
155
353
300
150
70
215
220
330
250
160
90
99
70
260
220
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52
96
130
198
90
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375
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(TEXAS)
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7426
7427
7426
7430
7432
7433
7437
7438
7440
38
32
78
65
17
17
15
7441
7442
7443
7444
7445
7446
7447
7448
7450
7451
7453
7454
7470
7472
7473
7474
7475
7476
7480
7481
7400
7464
7485
7400
40
30
33
17
74
68
115
112
94
94
82
56
17
17
17
17
17
26
25
32
27
38
36
48
86
69
_95
106
70
70
60
BO
100
105
135
57
62
29
54
54
68
741
741 IB
741 20
741 71
741 32
741 23
741 25
741 49
741 18
741 32
198
83
115
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74
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741'13 314
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314
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7411
7411
7411
7411
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741E
741E
741E
741E
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7417
7417
7417
65
175
109
99
54
54
96
53
50
75
285
63
95
80
90
65
125
68
24
20
49
55
39
131
20
169
135
24
10
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2N3563
2N3772*
65
22
10
253011*
263053*
2N3054*
2N3055*
71
43
45
48
20
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293615*
2N3663*
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101
55
22
20
18
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2N2907A*
14
19
15
25
25
25
65
97
50
125
55
85
52
56
60
85
52
62
48
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253702
153703
253704
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153706
253707
253708
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253710
11
10
11
10
10
10
10
16
10
170
253711
293773*
288
22
32
1N3819
?N3820
2N3823*
65
70
IN3824*
253966*
90
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2N3904
?53905
?53906
18
18
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2N4041*
?N4058*
52
18
17
80
17
17
13
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120
45
145
20
20
11,14289
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21
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39
39
19
50
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65
55
42
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18
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281132*
22
72
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40
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60
28
34
60
45
50
85
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5
160
135
275
115
105
105
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4196
4197
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15
28
30
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135
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30
40
20
21
61
51
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24
17
24
45
27
30
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13
16
18
21
20
42
20
24
60
60
65
24
32
32
32
32
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32
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23
150
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195
103
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4433
4435
4440
4450
4451
4452
4490E
545
1225
625
1275
295
295
695
525
4490V
4501
17
4502
4503
120
69
51
55
4506
4507
4506
4510
4511
298
99
150
4512
4513
4514
98
206
265
'4515
299
4516
4517
4518
4519
120
382
102
55
4520
108
4521
268
199
152
99
165
85
4522
4527
4528
4529
4530
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00
01
02
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210
82
92
92
105
105
161
20
625
170
67
87
7417
7417
7418
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40317*
40319*
40320*
40323*
40324*
40326*
40327*
40347*
40348*
40360*
40361*
40362*
40406*
40407*
40408*
40411*
40412*
40467*
40594*
40495*
40603*
40636*
40673*
2N697*
2N698*
2N699*
85
189;195
119
62
40315
110
110
219
225
240
270
260
265
300
325
63
73
64
82
63
33
38
38
30
16
29
24
27
27
36
27
35
17
25
49
210
14
14
18
51
30
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748
13
13
715360*
715414*
40 TIP418*
24 TIP42A*
24 TIP42B*
SO
17
TTL
7401
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30
575` 7460
320
116 TIP35A
20
48
140
148
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175
140
175
215
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395
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68
80
240
110
190
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58
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560
195
85
90
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3* 700
95
260
149
195
110
165
22
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220
25
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--_
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66 TIP35*
CO
BO
95
645
248
125
7153413*
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75
7 0'161
195
71
75
11
205
66
45
6642
11
715310+
65 TIP32*
158 TIP32A*
OS TIP32B*
10 TIP32C*
14 715336
90 TIP33A*
190 TIP336*
TIP33C*
45 TI534
55 TIP34A*
I3069611.
80011
80011*
st
40
40
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606954.
10
14
54
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40
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60
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MFS39
MPS3904
MPSA05
MPSA06
47
7153013
BD434
861517*
0C201*
DC203*
0C204*
MJE52O*
MJE521+
MJE2955+
3C159
MJE340*
MJE370*
10 MJE371*
85
80145*
3C15R
--
MJ400*
59 MJ491*
5014N
10
7
10
10
ME1120
ME4102
ME6002
80130*
10
510
415
650
82
137
68
170
170
30
MD8001*
35
80181*
8f115*
51154*
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650
85
32
35
45
40
48
75
65
65
95
43
44
56
60
47
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55
25
140
190
220
96
BD13B.
80139*
30154
30157
iso
70
722
975
1150
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BC147
200
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7
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375
64208
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110
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135105*
BU205
BS%713*
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II
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98
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20
240
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80132.
20
773
3
BC148B
BC148C
BC149
BC1490
BC153
82
95
60131*
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40
5755029*
45 TI P29
40 715294
20 TIP296
16 715290
75 TIP30
45 TIP304
19
19
26
BC1476
3C148
20
20
20
28
116
38
36
BDqL
00170*
60 0C200*
!6 B5X26*
SGINf
t9
BC142*
BC143*
90121
80123
2529054*
252906*
24
12
12
17
19
71
CA30= =
CA30- =
80130.
15
BC137
170
=
28
80
530*
22 OC12*
40 OC74*
38 OF26*
25 '10 /0*
12
BC558
11
11
2N2784
ZTX109
ZTX212
ZTX300
ZTX301
ZTX302
ZTX303
ZTX304
ZTX311
ZTX314
ZTX320
ZTX326
ZTX341
ZTX500
01X501
ZTX502
ZTX503
Z1X504
ZTX531
ZTX550
53
56
39
ISO
12n 71691
150 ZTX107
30 I1C43*
50 CC44.
26 (11:46.
30 (IC40.
37 :v:70*
BFS 94
BGS95
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12
12
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BC113
BC114
34
150
ICL80: 18CC*335
25
8C326
8C336
BC3D9
800,1.
BC112*
8C078*
8(711
80117
10
BC109*
BC109B*
BC 109C*
32
7p
6-30
70
25
45
140
35
49
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52
55
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10
11
13
15
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42
47
110
120
120
125
150
150
60
BC107*
BC107B*
'BC106*
BC106B*
-' r6
38
38
43
60
241
4s
115
175 inch
SCRs*
Thyristors
ASZ21
'61
337
3A200V 49 64400V
3A400V 55 87106
644007 70 C106D
645005 05 11C44
842000 60
045
BA 400V 75 254444
845005 92
104500V 97
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95
22
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ASY76*
3C1674
45
^.
20
30160*
as
_
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1059
110p
1649
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TIL117
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=
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111/2
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GUYYCM GLAD MUARD5*

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80104
661050
OPTO
48
53
cr
.r..:1:'
--_!_
-
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-
Grn
Liquid Crystal Display

3'V: or 4 Digit
9759
VARICAPe
Fibre
Glass
6 a6
29
34
1
1
1609
20
22
--
AF739*
CA
CC
CA
CC
HP5082-7730 160 P
ease:
24
Y_
BA102
uw75rll;n
0416351
47
750, 1mH.2
43mH 100
CR033 157
_-__
Bhp
15
15
AA'S
AFI86.
1059 BC115
115p BC116
115p BC117
1159
DV04.3 CC 999 BC118
OLIO/ 3 CA 99p BC119*
OL747 6 CA 1609 BC134
BC135
1110357
120
9411354 0
1759 BC136
*135101E
RECTIFIER
855
160_
18
-MIS
0
1259
T1L312 3
TIL313 3
TIL321 5
711.322 5
4p
4p
Sp
6p
VA1034
DIODES
426
519
PE
I5B.9W
512
100-1M0
2159
DENCO COILS
Rang.
10M
11Im
32
BF2 58*
eF2
BF3.36*
BFl 94
t{
21x108
60
55
18
5 842 244
10 912 44
9 862 448
10 e62 56*
* 812 57*
634*
9E1619
5 -LT -01
1-99 100+
1.5p 1p
2p
1.5p
1039
1040 1055 1056 1058 1066 1067
1098 1100
20p each
25p
45p
Bel
4511 OAFve 115p.

Dial Drue 4183
Mewl
Green
255p
1109
OpP6t
bap
OaP32
639
TIL307
675p
2N57T7
46p
] Sryme nl DispI460p
a1.
22p
VAL
E24
E12
THERMISTORS:
JACKSONS VARIABLE CAPACITORS

140p
1659
261
95
22p
30p
COMPRESSION TRIMMERS
3-40pF 10-60pF 25-190pF
100-500pF 1250pF
C 2
Red
D19,
BOp
1.40 51N 51 0-1M

E24 10p
7p
100+ prit. applies to Resistors of each
type not mixed values
MINIATURE TYPE TRIMMERS

2
RANGE
x2 4 7M
20- 4 7M
ln
20
28 50565
20
70 C18CY30.
70 8CY39.
60 BCYAO.
42 5C142
A1T11
15400
RESISTORS
Erie make 5% Carbon
Miniature High Stability Low nurse
16p each
20o each
1000, 1800 2000 2200
Dielecmc
100 3 1l pF
SO0pF
49178*
22p
155
Amber
1aI0w
250,300.330,360,390,
8C1B2*
00217
00212L
01.571216-40 80058
13p A5Y.7.
45
'Be 4515:1
96 9C05A*
PRESET POTENTIOMETERS
0 1W 500-5MO Miniature Vertical &
Horizontal
Bp
0-25W 1000-3-3MO hors larger 10p
0-25W 2000-4-7M(7 Vert.
10p
6P.
8Ct66
99
30
30
10
10
10
10
16
BFI 96
96
BF 97
BFI 98
5F1 99
EF2
BC184L
LEDs plus Clip
TIL212 Y.4p w
3p
SILVER MICA (Values in pF) 3-3, 4-7,

6-8, 10, 12, 18 22, 33, 47, 50. 68, 75,
82, 85, 100, 120, 150, 220
9p each
B1881
31
22
26
23
20
30
0E1 94
11L209 Rxd
TIL211
27p
27p
60p
70p
SLIDER POTENTIOMETERS
5p 0-25W log
and linear values 60mm
7p 5K0 -500K0 single gang
70p
119 10.0-500K()dual
1007: 0-001 0-002, 0-005, 0-015 F

0-015, 0-02 0-04, 0-05, 0-0569 F
0 P F, 0-15, 0-2 9p 50V; 0 475 F
6C133
9C184
ELECTRONICS
MYLAR FILM CAPACITORS
812182
48
5:
30
2N2217*
2N2218A*
2N2219A*
2N2220A*
50 2N2221A*
50 2N2222A*
50 2N2303*
47 2N2368*
47 2N2369A*
18 2N2483*
22 2N2484*
11 2N2646*
36
45
18
30
1)11100C171*
Carbon Trade, '4W Log & 1/2W Lessor values

5000 1 KO & 2KO (lin only) Single gang
51Q -2W) single gang

5KO-2MO single gang D/P switch
5KO-2M0 dual gang stereo
86 BC557
'
BC542
48 80548
06 BCY9C
-"
8C213
40 BC213L
>e eC214
?9-7
BC2141
M BC21Al
case!
00
ACY26
ACY39
79*
Fi 80*
81*
8F1 82*
BFI 83*
0<I 84*
A eCI29
24
25
71543
71544
11545
TIS46
TIS47
TIS4B
71049
01550
TIS74
71590
24
is Sci3
II Bc+7,.
M 81]9*
-ALL DEVICES BRAND

NEW, FULL SPEC. AND FULLY GUARANTEED. ORDERS AC141K.
DESPATCHED BY RETURN OF POST. TERMS OF BUSINESS: CASH/CHEQUE/ 4C142*
'x.0.6 OR BANKERS DRAFT WITH ORDER. GOVERNMENT AND EDUCATIONAL AC1428*
NSTITUTIONS' OFFICIAL ORDERS ACCEPTED. TRADE AND EXPORT INQUIRY ACI 76*
WELCOME P&P ADO 30p TO A124 ORDERS UNDER 10.00. OVERSEAS ORDERS K18T*
4C188*
I
BCnO
24
25
77*
iSci
eFt 78*
ccTRAN
75
78
85
10
11
12
13
14
15
20
21
18
18
20
20
20
23
22
22
20
22
23
38
75
30
20
22
74LS Seot:m
cornplamd on
hex' P898
ELECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL- NOVEMBER 1978
news digest
-
Introducing DM900
The)
DIGITAL MULTIMETER with
"Hidden Capacity"
It measures Capacitance too!
published in E T August 978)

Away with analogue meters for with some of these
you may often as not use a crystal ball to make
circuit measurements instead gaze into our crystal
not a ball but the 3'/ 0.5' LIQUID CRYSTAL
DISPLAY
on our amazingly accurate DMM
incorporating
(as
6 resistance ranges
4 Capacitance ranges
The prototype accuracy is better than 1%
This is a unique design usidg the latest MOS ICs and due to the minimal current drain, is
powered by only one PP3 battery There is also a battery check facility
The DM900 is an attractive hand-held, light weight device, built into a high impact case
with carrying handle and has been ingeniously designed to simplify assembly
Never before have all these features been offered to the electronics enthusiast in a single
5 AC & DC Voltage ranges
5 AC & DC Current ranges;
unit
Special introductory offer 54.50* (p&p insured add 80p)
Calibration service charge for working Units 5.75. Readybuilt Units available by special
order at 78.50* (p&p add 80p)
(Optional extras, Probes 1 50*; Carrying Case 1.50*)
JACK PLUGS
12p
15p
23p
31p
5mm
5mm
MONO
2
3
STEREO
rfloulded
with
10p
15p
18p
Sp
Bp
break
contacts
13p
159
20p
24p
2 PIN Loudspeake
3 4 5 Audio
18P
209
14p
149
tap
BANANA 4mm
119
REGULATORS
5V
p
12V
15V 18V
MVRS or 12
145
180
IA *ve
lA-ve
5V 12V
220
Plastic (T092)
+ve 0 to 5V 6V
8V 12V 15V 30
+ve IA (T0220)
12V 15V
5V
85
18V 24V
-ye
ORA 5V 6V,
8V,12V 5V 95
-ye IA
5V 12V
125
(T092)
60
135
LM309K
165
LM320-12
165
LM320-15
625
LM323K
240
LM304H
100
LM317H
350
LM317K
240
LM325N
240
LM32fiN
-ve 01A
5V 12V 15V
95
E4p,817_i1.1,_
Magnetic
2 5mm
3 5mm
Crystal
18p
18p
33o
ULTRASONIC
TRANSDUCERS
3.95* per
pair
74LS*
cont.
26
27
28
30
32
33
37
38
40
47
47
49
49
51
54
55
63
48
28
48
22
27
39
39
39
28
98
90
120
120
24
28
30
150
48
41
33
85
48
40
40
115
lte
92
93
95
96
107
109
112
113
114
122
123
124
125
126
132
136
138
139
145
147
149
line
1p
00
Bp
B5P
116P
Biased
pole/2
to 4
way 4 pole/2 to
12V- 5A 12V-5A; 15V -4A 15V -4A; 20V -3A

20V- 3A (20p p&p)
220p
24VA: 6V-1 5A 6V-1 5A 9V-1 3A 9V-1 3A,
12V -1A 12V -1A, 15V- BA 15V- BA; 20V- 6A
20V- 6A (45p p&p)
290p
50VA: 6V -4A 6V -4A, 9V-2 5A 9V-2 5A; 12V-2A
12V -2A 15V-1 5A 15V-1 5A, 20V-1 2A 20V2A 25V -1A 25V -1A 30V -BA 30V -BA (50p
302x1
P
45
2'Ax5'AK1'/x"
68
4144x11/2"
p&p)
100VA: 12V -4A 12V -4A
4e2'Ax2''
504`2
56a4x2"
8e6o3h"
148
172
12s53 " 142
12x803" 21160
1208x3" 210
10x40/
30V-1 5A 30V-1 5A;

40V-1 25A 40V-1 25A 50V -1A 50V -1A (60p
p&p)
850p
SPEAKERS
8003W
2" 2'A"
shaft
Black Pointer type

9p
11p
White Pointer type
12p
K2
Shin Silvered Aluminium
K3
Satin Black Ribbed 22mm Cam 12p
K4
Black Serrated Metal top with
22p
One Indicator 35mm dram
20g
K4a As K4 but 25mm dram
K5
Black Fluted metal tap & skin
2Bp
calibrated 0 9 37mm dram
28p
K6
As KS but with pointer on skin
K7
Black Knurled tapered metal rod &
26p
skel Celiberated 0-9 30mm
269
K7a As above bul pomte on soon
10p
K8
Black or Severed for Sou: Pp,
nne
K12 Aluminised plasuc with
16p
ind,catcr 22mm dram
K19 Solid Aluminium Amplrtre. Kroc
30p
Etchlrne indicator sk,ned 22mm
K1
K1 a
44
55
55
50
5g
70
70
180
60
60
95
55
85
85
151
108
170
173
96
153
155
156
78
96
96
162
163
164
165
166
170
173
174
175
181
183
190
76
96
259
261
450
266
273
275
279
283
288
295
298
324
325
326
327
347
348
352
353
52
244
250
66
192
128
128
185
168
240
290
294
286
148
186
228
228
365
6G
366
367
368
373
375
377
378
379
65
65
66
180
160
212
184
215
105
106
110
398
298
140
191
140
192
193
194
195
196
197
221
130
130
166
136
100
140
241
242
741
96
236
232
232
232
290
293
3"
2 5
40025
64025
805W
4"
803W
6" e 4"
7"
way
41p
45e
FSD
60x460
35mm
0.1 mA
0-5mA
0-10mA
0 50mA
0
100m
0-500mA
0-1A
0-2A
0 25V
0-50V AC
0-300V AC
S
VU
475p each
pp
65
56
65
65
190
160
41/2x3'Ax1
0-50ga
109
0-100y A
0-500g A
5959 each
Sp
Sp
'OS
10I
rO: N
ti
22p
03
221p
iip
VDU Chip and
MODULE for TV
Lone., your
meson{SF
using the nee
TV -CRT Controller ch p
SF F96364 16 Ilea be 64
1y1
351]
390
393
30S
380
399
399
i1-:
447
490
668
669
670
86
58
230
230
218
215
276
230
150
144
180
182
182
248
short stuff
GI has released an appliance timer

the AY-3-1251MPU-based it is, and can be used in such things as
cookers to replace nasty mechanical things like clocks.
Two versions are available and facilities include keyboard entry, direct display drive, four outputs et al.
A new digital logic family called FAST (Fairchild
Advanced Schottky TTL) is to be released soon. Power
about
consumption is much lower than normal types
hence the
25% in fact. Typical delays are about 3 nS
name. 66 circuits will be released by the year's end. Price?
Competitive apparently, whatever that means.
Prom programming overnight is offered by Memec
Ltd of Thame Park Industrial Estate, Thame, Oxon. A
24hr turnaround is quoted and all types of PROM can be
handled.
RCA have a new chip out which a smoke detector
unto itself. It requires only an ionisation chamber and
horn alarm to begin detecting and alarming. The number
is T -A 10451 and it will operate on either battery or line.
Britain has produced a new design of terminal to
operate with the European OTS test sattelite. The idea is
a joint venture between Marconi, the Post Office and the
Department of Industry.
Compe 78 will be held at Olympic this year to allow for
more exhibitors The exhibition deals with small systems,
minis and micros, software and hardware and Uncle Tom
Cobley and all.
Supervisor is a remote controlled helicopter for use on
the modern battlefield It has been developed by Marconi
and Westland. The machine stands about as high as a
man and contains cameras and other surveillance
equipment It has just passed its first flight tests successfully and could be of great use to NATO when in
service
Tv, o books from GI to full up the bookshelves usefully
are the 600p Catalogue and the 300p Applications
Handbook Both will be of great use indeed to both
engineers and serious home dabblers. They cost 3.00
and 1.80 respectively from any GI distributors.
Toshiba and Rank have completed an agreement to
produce TV sets and audio equipment in Plymouth and
Cornwall.
Texas Instruments new 64K RAM is at last released.
Automation in production means that by 1980 each unit
will require only 5 man MINUTES to produce from start
to finish, and that a mere 1000 staff will be able to service
entire world demand!
- -
0100#A
0500yA
HEG3
SINNES
1150
128
98
138
118
114
75
226
1144
10sx3"
20V-2 5A 20V-2 5A
p&p charge to be added above our normal

postal charge
78
64
82
7a5x2"
350p
15V -3A 15V 3A;
(N 0
60
88
4x5t4x1th" 60
161
way
ALUM.
PANEL
BOXES* METERS*
WITH LID'
5V-1 3A 4 5V-1 3A; 6V-1 2A 6V-1 2A;
157
158
160
517
ROTARY Mans 25OV AC 4 Amp
95p
8VA: 6V- 5A 6V- 5A, 9V- 4A 9V- 4A, 12V- 3A
12V -3A 15V -25A 15V -25A
195p
60
104
89
89
116
116
15p
25p
Push to Make
Push Break
6-0-6V 100mA 9-0-9V 75mA, 12-0-12V 100mA
ht 'A
65p
85p
MINIATURE
Non Locking
47p
15p
KNOBS*to
BOp
DPDT 6 Tag
ROTARY (Adjuetable Stop)

pole/2 to 12 way 2p/2 to
TRANSFORMERS* Mains Prim 220-240V)
12VA:4
79P
6e nvs oft
Spring loaded
SPSTon/off
SPOT c/aver
Spacer and Screen
209
159
15p
biased
lags
the four stations. They are gonna move 'em

you've
gotta find 'em again. Fun eh? Radio One goes to 275m
285m;
Radio
2
goes
and
to 433m and 330m: Radio 3 goes
to 247m; and Radio 4 vanishes onto long wave at 1500m.
VHF is unchaged thank God.
The Beebs purpose in shuffling dials is to reduce
interfrence from overseas stations. New transmitters
are being fitted in some areas, so how it behaves now
is no indication of how well you'll get the station once
they change it around. Radio 2 will now be better in the
day, but worse at night, with Radio 3 generally better.
The movement is to fit in with new European agreements which will allow more stations with better
coverage to use the MW and LW bands, so we shouldn't
complain.
Oh yes there is one more thing. Up to the switch
November 23 will dawn with the new frequencies
operating
unscheduled breaks in transmission will
occur in MW and LW programmes lasting between a
blink and several minutes. Don't smash your set it's the
BBC's fault. They're working on the transmitters and
aerials now to ready them for the big switch over, and
well you never know who might drop a spanner or
two.
Details will be plastered all over radio, TV and Radio
Times between now and then so don't worry about not
hearing what's going on. It's most unlikely.
1p
549
14p
15 SPOT clover 15p

13p
1/2A DPDT
24p
4 pole 2 -way
PUSH BUTTON
modale nO m E Walen
Kea
510.45 Swann SPST tot,
34p
Break Bolero Make Wafers
pole/ 12 way
2p/6 way 3p/4 way 4p/3 way 6p/2 way
wav
'off
on
This is the month when the BBC plays hide and seek with
SLIDE 250V
IA DPDT
mane your own multiway Jwrtco

Adjustable Stop Shafting Assembly. Accom
129
Op
wANOEBI-r
SPST
SPOT
DPDT
DPDT
SPOT
eadble
10p
tmm
In
SUB -MIN TOGGLE

59p
SP changeover
einl.e
Sp
Bp
Po
VOLTAGE*
12p
1ap
22p
89
12p
AC 2 -pm American
1 1
70
assorted colours
Metal screened
DC Type
couplers
ouplers
PHONO
TOGGLE 2A 250V
SPOT
29p
DPDT
34p
38p
DPDT
4 pole on /off
54p
line
139
CO -AXIAL (TV)
in
socnErS
pivas
0114
TO3 Can Type
SWITCHES.
SOCKETS
Plastic
body
Bp
all change
characters text refreshment

Cursor management Cursor
management on screen Line
erasing Compatible with any
computing system
F96364E
11 75*
-3-1015
E5 60*
AV-5-1013UART
450*
71301 ROM
8.20*
RAM
2.05*
SFS80102
74LS163 RAM
1-18*
E720*
SN75450
SN75451
70p*
SN75452
70p*
E2 25*
SN75454
E2 50*
UHF Modulator
Complete Module 136 50*
(Send 30p stamps for full
SF
AV
technical data)
- NOVEMBER 1978
TANTALUM CAPACITORS. -1 of 35v w., .47uf 35v.w., of 35v.w., 2 2uf 35v.w.,

3.3uf 16v.w., 4.7uf 35v.w., 6.8uf 25v.w 6.8uf,35v.w., 10uf 25v.w., 20uf 6v.w., 22uf
16v w 33uf 25v w 47uf 6v w All at 9p each
1
CLOCK P.C. BOARDS with Buzzer, Mercury Switch, Transistors, Only LC and Display
missing @
.01uf 125v.w. + 10% CAPACITORS
START HERE
@ 10p each
ACKSON C801 VARIASLE CAPACIT ORS 5pf or 10pf. Both 75p eah
E L ECTRET MICROPHONE INSERT W ITH FET PRE-AMP @ E1.85
4 00 .W UNMARKED GOOD ZENERS 3.6v, 6.8v. 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 16v, 24v, 30v,
3 3v 36volt All at 10 for 40p
X BAND GUNN DIODES with data @ Cl 65
X SAND TUNI'NG VARACTOR DIODES To 2pf or 3 To 4pf Both 1 65 each
10 AMP S.C.R 's 00 PIV @ 25p. 400 Ply @ 50p, 800 PIV @ 60p.
MULLARD PR E -A MPI.C.TAA 438 with data @ 40p.
3 PIN PLUG AND SOCKET like R S European type with 2 Metres of Cable at 75p pair
2 0 PHOTO TRANSISTORS. DARLINGTON! Assorted Untested @ E1.
T .V. S.A.W. FILTERS Untested 3 for 35p
"weaned @ 60p.
1 0 MULTI -TURN TRIM POTENTIO
1 00 MULLARD C280 CAPACITORS
57p Assorted
MULLARD ELECTROLYTICS 2240uf 40v w @ 40p, 4500uf 25v w @ 40p, 5000uf
Ov.w. @ 15p, 6400uf 25v.w. @ 25p.
TAA SII f.M. I.C. By Cosem tQl 50p. RCA CA 30890.g^: El
EO VARI -CAP DIODES LIKE EA 102 Untested e57p
502 WATT ZENERS Untested Assorted lot 57p
ELECTROLYTICS 2200u1 100v w. @ 60p. 3301.184,.w @ 50p
SUI -MINIATURE 4.7W ?Ow.w.
MS p S for 25p
NOS PRE -AMPLIFIER I.C. TAA 320 with data 35p.
McMUR DO 8 PIN PLUGS 151 20p, 8 PIN SOCKETS @ 20p, COVERS @ 15p.
2 GM: NPN STRIPLINE
15 TORS @ 1 each.
20 WATT ZENER DIODES BZY 93 Types 6.8v, 7.5v, 8.2v, 9.1v, 10v, 11v, 15v, 16v,
18v. 20v, 22v, 27v, 30v. Alla 145p each.
DUAL GATE MOS FET LIKE 40673 @ 33p, 4 for 1 10
TEN TURN POTENTIOMETERS 500 ohm, 1K, 2K, 5K, 100K All at Cl 50 each.
ERIE RED CAP .01uf 100v.w. SUB -MINIATURE CAPACITORS @ 5p.
BD 187 4 AMP NPN PLASTIC POWER TRANSISTORS @ 25p, 5 for 1
BAW 62 HIGH SPEED DIODES 12 for 35p.
OCTAL BASE CATHODEON CRYSTAL OVEN 6 or 12 volt, with Two HC6U HOLDERS
J
7,
:_/
..._ a
L
__
THE DEPARTMENT STORE:

THE CORNE
"SORRY MA TE
DOG CHEWED YOUR
COPY."
"MAGAZINES 7 THAT'S JUST

BEHIND COSMETICS. NO,
WAIT A MINUTE..., THEY'VE
JUST MOVED TO THE NINTH
MOOR OR WAS IT.
t"
and octal Base @ 1 25
TRANSFORMERS 240 Volt Input. Type 1. 24 volt Tapped at 14 volt amp C1.30
(P&P 25p). Type 2 22-0-22volt 600mA y9 1.60 (P&P 25p). Type 3 50volt 10amp
C5 50 (P&P 95p). Type 4. 20volt 2 Amp Twice, 10volt
Amp Twice 4.50 (P&P 95p)
Type 6 45volt 2 amp. 45volI 500mA ta 3.50 (PIP 85p).
RADAR WIDE SAND AMPLIFIER I.C'. 10 To 150W-1: Untested with data 5 for 57p.
LIGHT EMITTING DIODES 2 Die Red or Green 'Sp each.
CCp43
MOS I CS CD 4001 15p, CD 4011 15p. CD 4020 60p, CD 4029 p 60p. CD
1
613p.
241A CRYSTALS 285 KHz at 20p each

MYLAR MINIATURE CAPACITORS 50v w 01 of or of Both 20p doz
MINIATURE ROTARY SWITCHES 2 Pole 4 way @ 20p, Pole 10 way 2 Bank @ 40p
FT
HOP:
RRY, SOLD OUT

HAVE YOU TFIIED THE
CORNER SHOP UP THE
Please add 20p for post and packing unless otherwise stated, on U K
Overseas orders at cost
orders under 2
J. BIRKETT
Radio Component Suppliers, 13 The Strait, Lincoln.

1A LRUN
VC TUN
BUT
ST4:
OW
GREAT AUTUMN SALE
CAN GIVE YOU

'CAMPING NEWS' 7"
1
High Ripple Current Electrolytics

YOU CAN'T MISS THESE
Sprague Powerlytic (Screwed Conns) 33,000 F 40vdc
Sprague Powerlytic (Screwed Conns) 3,000p F 100vdc
Plessey Relialytic (Screwed Conns) 15,000 F 63vdc
Filmcap_ (Screwed Conns) 15,000 F 40vdc
.
'Tag.lectrolytics'
4,700/40v 60p 100/150v 40p. 33/450v
&
..
2.00 inc.
1.20 inc.
1.80 inc.
1.50 inc.
15/450v 40p
HIGH VOLTAGE POLYESTERS'
nuisance can't it, going from newsagent to

newsagent? "Sorry squire, don't have it
next one should
be out soon."
It can be
1F/1000vdc
047F/1000vdc
0.1F/600vdc
0
for 1.00
5forOp
047/25v disc Ceramics

1F / 400vdc Polyester Blocks Radial Leads
for 50p
2.00 for 100
..
10 for 60p
Resistors:'
Although ETI is monthly, it's very rare to find it available

after the first week. If it is available, the newsagent's going
but we're glad
to be sure to cut his order for the next issue
to say it doesn't happen very often.
10K 1/2 watt by ITT

390R 21/2 watt
Tantalum Beads' 10F/35v

114F/ 50v
Semiconductors'
1 Oa / 50v Bridges
18a /50v Diodes Type N
91
Opto Isolators Type OPT601 6 pin
1
Do yourself, your newsagent and us a favour. Place a

regular order for ETI; your newsagent will almost certainly be
delighted. If not, you can take out a postal subscription so
there's nothing for you to remember
- we'll do it for you.
us which issue you
want to start with. Please make your

payment (in sterling please for overseas readers) to ETI
Subscriptions and keep it separate from any other services
you want at the same time.
10
for 1.00
for 1.50
5
2
Meters'
Sangamo Weston 60mm sq 60-0-60mA

3.00
3.50
Taylor 1/2 5 x 3 500 A calibrated in Degrees Tilt
The following Items are not in the Sale
19.60 inc VAT and P&P
Mk 2 Metal Locator Kit
11.75 inc VAT and P&P
Apollo Logic Tester
3.75 inc V A T P&P
S R B Miniature Soldering Iron 16 /18w
.
'Please include 35p P&P on orders for goods where P&P is not
included All prices include V A T
R.F.
Subscription Service
Electronics Today International
25-27 Oxford Street, London W1 R 1 RF
ETI
1.50
For a subscription, send us 7.00 (8.00 overseas) and tell
200 for .1.00

100 for 1.00
10 for 75p
10 for 1.00
EQUIPMENT
SPARES
LTD.
3 Lacy Close, Wimborne, Dorset BH21
PY
Please note that our stores at Poole Road Works are open to personal
shoppers on Friday afternoons and all day Saturday.
NOVEMBER 1978
news digest
foiled again
eat your heart out colgate
u
One might question the wisdom of a picture like this,
bristling as it is with cunning. At least it's an excuse to
brush up on DIL switches. These are made by ERG
Components and can switch at up to 10 VA. Fitting a
normal DIL format they are numbered in a standard BCD
format, and can be very useful in any digital circuitry.
Home constructors never seem to make much use of
these components for reasons best known to themselves_
ERG Components, Luton Road, Dunstable, Bedfordshire.
These structures made of chrome -nickel and copper

represent an integrated passive circuit with capacitors,
coils and resistors, the carrier being a plastic foil. The
rectangular, spiral and meandrous shapes largely determine the capacitances, inductances and resistances.
Using the name "Sicufol" (Siemens copper foil) Siemens
is now offering modules for television sets as the first
wares in this new technology
Resistances up to 300R can be fabricated directly,
capacitance to 150pf/cm' and inductances up to 10H. By
meandering the track back and forth, an increase of up to
3800 per given area is possible
The carrier foil is a kind of Teflon so you shouldn't be
stuck for ideas.
.
TTLSbrTSR/J
7400
7401
7402
7403
7404
7405
7406
7407
7408
7409
7410
7411
7412
7413
7414
7416
7417
7420
7421
7422
7423
7425
7426
7427
71426
7430
7432
7433
7437
7438
7440
13p
140
14
14p
17p
18p
32p
32p
19p
19p
15p
24p
34
35p
11109
369
3:
BOp
469
33p
849
70p
- _
55p
55p
60p
75p
75p
75p
70p
74142 200p
74145 90p
1414) 190p
30p
-='3 34p
='4
309
36p
="5
35p
-48C
50p
100p
84p
90p
'tr 100p
-5 110p
34p
230p
9
:3051 33p
__
48p
40p
229
349
30p
40p
34p
36p
17p
30p
40p
-=/2
__-
28p
74141
939
'4-474 70p
-=48
80p
-450 17p
'451
17p
17p
-453
19p
=54
17p
__
74121
17p
74-46A
-=60
74111
65p
34p
55p
55p
70p
74116 200p
74116 134
]4n9 210p
14120 110p
74123
24 74125
30p
74126
60p '1412H
27p
27p 44}36
17p
7441
70p
7442A 60p
7443 112p
7444 114
7-145
74105
74107
14109
74190
64
130p
65p
74283
74284
74285
74290
74293
74294
74298
74365
74366
74367
74368
74390
74393
74490
000ps
Please note that the prices shown on the Gould
Advance Ad on Page 14 of the October issue were
incorrect. The correct prices are shown on page 14
of this issue. We apologise to Gould Advance and
our readers for any inconvenience caused.
741.5241
74LS242
74LS243
74LS244
74LS245
150p
150p
20 9
74LS251
74LS257
150p
150d
150p
150p
7415259
74LS298
74LS373
200p 74LS374 16013
,
200p
225..
---..
MEMORIES
100p
2102
2102-1
2102-2
2107
2111-1
2112-2
2114
5810
74LS SERIES
44500
18p
744502 18p
74LSO4 -22p
74LS08 22p
74LS10 24p
74L513
45p
74LS14 72p
74L620 22p
74L522
28p
74LS27
38p
74LS30
22p
744532
28p
74LS47
90p
74LS55
30p
74LS73
50p
74L574 40p
74L575
50p
74LS83 110p
74LS65 100p
74LS66
40p
74LS90
60p
74LS93
90p
74LS107 45p
4007
4008
4009
4010
175p
175p
175p
175p
170p
170p
200p
120p
175p
249p
200p
74LS240
40
'
125p
110p
500p
225p
300p
1200p
400p
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
,
4018
4019
4020
4021
4022
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
4029
4030
.....
1Rp
84P
...
,..,...
450p
250p
90p
LM3911
LM4136
rulxp
80p 4553
40p 4560
50p 4583
17P 4584
18p 40014
80p 40085
84p 40097
'MC1310P
MC145B
90p
90p
200p
90p
E10
14411
_..
130;
MC1495
'MC1496
'MC3340
'MC3360
MFC4000B
MK50398
45p 14412V
E10
80p 14433
E11
89p
45p LINEAR I Ce
100p '471-0212 600,,
110 '571-1313 868p
100p 'AY1-5050 211p
22p '455-1315 6009
50p '475-1317 636p
20p 'AVS-1320 320p
130p 'CA3019
80p
5Op 'CA3046
70p
84p 'CA3048
225p
100p CA3080E
72p
55p 'CA3089E 225p
200p 'CA3090A0 375p
180p CA3130E
76p
200p CA3140E
70p
110p CA3160E
90p
FX209
1O0p
7509
80p IC17106
800p
80p
ICL8038
340p
90p
LM 3014n
30p
909 LM311
120p
130p LM3'8
200p
100p _103270p
55p
75p
,:339
32p
2V345
95p
48p
_M37"
1759
80p
_93017
75p
_M33- 45 150p
65p
NE531
'NE540
NE54 3 K
NE555
NE556
120p
150p
55p
400;
100p
120p
120p
120p
750p
100p
200p
225p
25p
70p
._ -
TRANSISTORS 9F751 ;2
AC127/8 20p BFY56
AD149
7013
AD161/2 45p
BC107/8 11p
11p
BC109
'BC14718
'BC149
'BC157/8
'BC159
'BC169C
'BC172
BC177/8
BC179
'BC182/3
'BC184
425p 130187
425p 'BC212/3
130p 'BC214
E 5618
NE562B
NE565
NE566
NE567
'NE571
RC4151
155p
175p
Op
10p
10p
11p
12p
12p
17p
18p
10p
11p
30p
1 1
12p
36p
BC461
1OOp
74151
70p
70p
74153
74151 100p
74155 94
90p
74156
74151
70p
74159 190p
100p
74761
74152
1OOp
100p
74153 10Op
)4184 120p
74165 104
74166 1409
74167 200p
T4170 2409
74172 720p
74173 120p
71174
93p
7
1418
85p
90p
74177
90p
14178 160p
74189
93p
71181 200o
74182 90p
24195
15Op
74199 150p
74186 700p
74190 100p
100p
74192 1OOp
74153 100p
74194 100p
74195 959
74198 95p
74197 80p
74198 150p
74199 150p
IN
K
.
7E 107
,
81 L595
81 L596
81
L597
81 L598
87 28
96 02
90p
90p
160p
120p
140p
120p
140p
250p
190p
ROM/UART
745188
4031
4033
4034
4035
4040
4041
4042
4043
1044
4046
4047
4048
225p 4049
AY3-10 5 5509 4050

AY5-1013 4009 405'
AY5 2376 10 4052
1
741512 100p
7445123 759
74LS124 180p
74LS125 80p
74LS132 90p
74LS133 60p
74LS138 60p
74LS139 6Op
74LS148 140p
74LS151 100p
74LS153 60p
74LS154 130p
7445157 60p
74LS158 120p
74LS160 130p
74LS161 100p
7445162 140p
74LS163 90p
74LS164 1220p
_._.__.__
/4LS15 14p
74LS1 73 110p
74LS174 110p
7445175 110p
74LS181 220p
74LS190 100p
7445191 100p
IEMFACE
M. :1488
M. ;1489
BC477/8 30p
425p 'BC516/7 SOp
400p 'BC547B
16p
'SN76003N 175p 130549C
18p
'SN76013N 140p 'BC557B
18p
SN76013ND
18p
'BC559C
120p BCV70
18p
'SN76023N 140p BCY71/2 22p OC2B
'SN76023ND
BD131/2 50p 0C35
120p BDY56
200p 620080
-SN76033N 175p
BF200
32p R 20106
'SP8515
750p '9F244B
35p
IP29A
T8A641811
70p7,8 -1- IP29C
R03-2513 600p 4053

5N745262 E14 4055
4056
4059
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1702A
600p 4060
2708
900p 4063
2716
E25 4066
4068
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4069
CPU.
1200p 4070
6502
6800
8060A
600p
115p
120p
55p
22p
22p
4076
1071,
4081
223"
4082
4093
4098
4411
4502
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60013
320p
225p
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90p
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78L05 35p
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74269 250p
90p 7445195
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110p
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135p
200p
550p
37p
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2N577745p
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90p
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1017p
80p
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LM320T-12
LM3407-12
78H05KC
78MGT2C
100p
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675p
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30p
36`
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78p
70p
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780
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34p
30p
12p
13p
159
18p
30p
'2N4125/6
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90p
70
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18p
TIL222 Gr
TIL228 Red 22p
MV5491 TS 120p
3p
Clos
901
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271
271
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124
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110p
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34p
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SEND
40841
90e '24 400V 451 SAE FOR FULL
40871 2 90s '3A 200V 60.
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lOW MOIILEIL SOCKETS Sl' TEXAS
25p
45p
20p
20p
45p
18p
2N1131/2 20p
'1N4148
4/ 34400V
154001/ 2
154003/4
Si
500V
61
34 400V
61
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9pm
11p
P.
129
13p
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3409 '2N36'9
20
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4.928p
pin
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WIRE WRAPSOCRETS
15 pin
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309
17
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2
270p '2\3-73 300p
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'0447
901
401
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2N5457/8 401
2N5459 401
2N5460 401
2N5485 441
256027 481
256247 1901
256254 1301
256290 651
256292 651
2N1613
25p
2N1711
25p
2N2102
60p
2N2160 120p
2N2219A 20p
2N2222A 20p
2N2369A 16p
130p13013
2N2484
309
509
200p 2N2646
2N2904i5 25p
2
40p 2N2906A 24p
55p 2529075 30p
9p
48p '252926
2N3053
20p
65p
58p 2N3054
48p
62p 2N3055
680 253442 140p
82p 253553 240p
'253565
30p
1
114p '2\36=3 e 46p
'253'02 3 12p
1
115p
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12p
1
160p
225p '253726 ' 14p
271
255194
255245
25p
50p
46p '253820
7
253823
70p
253866
90p
COMLEX
SOUND
'253903.4 18p
GENERATOR
54764 ti
E2 50. '253905/6 20p
'254036
65p
2N4058/9 12p
TV CRT CONTROLLER
7N4060
FOR VDU SYSTEM
14
SFF 96364
'2N4061/2 18p
E14 50
'2N4123/4 22n
LEDS
0125
75p
TIL32 R
TIL209 Red 13p
T1L211 Gr
20p
TIL212 Ye
25p
TIL216 Red 18P
221
201
DIODES
254401/3
250p 255296
35p 2N5401
---
7905
7912
7915
7918
7924
013880
36p
30p
30p
30p
30p T1P32C
309 T1P33A
30p rP33C
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309
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34p
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30p
30p
5-41290p
' 27".2
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79L05
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250p 1 M723
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1 IP30C
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TIP31C
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175p 3594,
600p 35879
1309 3Fp80
130P 3=p8
45p 9FX29
400p a'a3"
400p 9=iB1
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
57ed Plastic TO -220
22p
4072
4073
4075
SOOp
-:.'^2
50p
X#22,25
350p 762207
100p X62'
20p X822.6
70p XR22A0
35p 2N414
LM741
151747
LM748
4071
6850
8205
8212
8216
8224
8228
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--t9-i,
LM710
LM725
LM733
1359
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6820
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N
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59
550p
OTHERS
225P 8E25566B
90P 8E259
100p 13F1339
90P 35940
'738800
22p
33p
90p
700p
45p
220p
2409
8U208
97406 145p
1.1.74814122
175p
M1491
200p
5172501 225p
5172955 100p
511200171132
225p
T1JE340
65p
MJE2955 100p
MJE3055 70p
,MPi 102
459
'SWF 103/4 40p
'SWF 105/6 40p
MPSA06
30p
MPSA 12 50p
MP5466 32p
'MPS1.106
83p
'MP5U56 78p
.74160T
154
74150
TIP41C
ITIP42A
TIP42C
TIP2955
01783
TIP3055
BRY39
84X19/ 2( 120p 11543
790p 11593
B7 105
250p 717(108
reU 108
BFY90
30p
Sip
BOp
_
-fur-.
28 pn
40 pn
40p^
78pin
-32p
479
81p
120ptOOp
1z0p
800p
110p
130p
_...
1.40p74191
VA
MAIES. fn .tents at 8% except marked
which
are
al 121/2%
____..__
Please add 25p l'&l-' VA at appropriate rates

Callers
Monday -Friday 9 30-5 30
Welcome
Saturday 10 30-4 30
I
TECHNOMATIC
LTD.
17 Burnley Road, London NW10
Telex: 922800
Tel :01-4521500
Only
mms Irnm OoOg
N ill
Tube
Ample street parking
11
On October 13th a brand new magazine is launched

in the electronics field. It is written and produced
by ETI staff and aimed at the newcomer to elec-
tronics not necessarily young people.

We did think of doing an ad which would tell you
about the contents in minute detail but instead we
have decided to appeal to your curiosity. We don't
ask you to buy it; it may be of no interest to you but
we hope that some ETI readers at least will pick up
a copy and thumb through it. Please put it back
neatly if you don't want to buy: the next person may
be more interested.
Hobby
Electronics
No. 1 will carry a cover date of November and
will be available at newsagents on October 13th.
40p.
QUALITY COMPONENTS
BY RETURN
rn
r.aa
Liner Cimmite
709 DIL14
by RCA. Netiond
741 DILB
25p
22p
74113014
7470 01114
130p
7480068
043011
36p
30p
0015
CA3014
CA3018
CA3020
C43028
CA3035
CA3036
CA3042
CA3043
CA3046
CA3052
CA3054
CA3075
CA3080
CA3081
CA3089
CA3090
CA3130
C43140E
LM300H
LM301AN
LM304H
LM308N
LM318N
LA/1324N
LM339
LA/1380N
LM381N
/30p
60p
160p
125p
140p
170p
170p
180p
55p
150p.
115p
160p
7Op
125p
160p
400p
150p
60p
70p
130p
26p
70p
65p
125p
50p
50p
75p
105p
LM3B2N
LM1303
LM3900
LM3909
MC1310P
MC1312P
MC1314P
MC1315P
MC1330
MC145BN
MC1496N
NE555
NE556
NE560
NE561B
NE562B
NE565A
NE566V
NE567V
SN76003N
SN76013N
SN76023N
SN76033N
TAA621A
TBA120S
TBA540
TBA641
TBA800
TBA920
TCA270SQ
TDA1002
TDA1022
TDA2020
ZN414
rN.. 111154...l.
etc.
105p
110p
50p
60p
150p
160p
300p
520p
100p
35p
60p
25p
60p
300p
350p
350p
120p
150p
170p
200p
140p
140p
200p
215p
65p
200p
240p
70p
320p
200p
450p
570p
320p
75p
ITT ea.
7400
7401
7402
7403
7404
7405
7406
7407
7408
7409
7410
7411
7412
7413
7414
7416
7417
7420
7421
7422
7423
7425
7426
7427
7426
7430
7432
7433
7437
7436
7440
7441
4002
15p
15p
15p
4040
4042
4043
68p
54p
55p
7442
7443
7444
7445
7446
7447
4007
15p
4046
4006
4009
4010
100p
7448
65p
35p
4049
4050
213p
7450
4051
4011
15p
159
35p
60p
4052
4066
4068
4069
4070
26p
55p
7451
35p
CMOO
r{tl
4001
4012
4013
4015
4016
4017
4018
4020
4022
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
4029
4030
Nol. RCA. NaWnel eac.
35p
55p
659
60p
4071
15p
4078
45p
4081
4072
4073
55p4075
15p
95p
35p
52p
50p
35p
4510
4511
4516
4518
4520
4585
55p
40p
20p
16p
16p
16p
16p
16p
1
16p
16p
70p
70p
55p
66p
ll`
7452
7454
7460
7470
7472
7473
7474
7475
7476
7483
7485
7486
7489
7490
7491
7492
7493
7494
12p
12p
12p
12p
13p
13p
24p
24p
14p
14p
12p
19p
17p
25p
48p
24p
24p
12p
21p
18p
22p
22p
24p
24p
28p
7495
7496
7497
74100
74104
74105
74107
74109
74110
74111
52p
SOp
14Op
9Op
50p
4Op
25p
30p
35p
45p
95p
82p
74116
74118
74119 l40p
74121
25p
74123 40p
.74125 35p
74126
35p
74132
50p
74141
Shp
74142 200p
74145
Sap
74147 110p
74148 90p
74150
70p
74151
50p
12p 74153
50p
23p 74154
85p
32p 74155
52p
22p 74156
52p
22p 74157
53p
13p 74160
60p
52p 74161
68p
43p 74162
66p
75p 74163
65p
75p.. 74164
70p
70p 74165
70p
55p 74166
50p
55p 74167 180p
0,
125p
14p 74172 400p
14p 74173
95p
13p 74174
Gap
14p 74175
65p
14p 74176
58p
28p 74177
56p
24p 74178
SOp
25p 74181 145p
25p 74182
60p
32p 74185 110p
28p 74190
72p
574170
70p 74192
24p 74193
145p 74194
32p 74195
45p 74196
35p 74197
34p 74198
60p 74199
Illp
IIOy
11241
1702A
2102 (450nS)
2107
2708
AY5-1013
Tranaiaton
420p
90p
35Op
leap
380p
BC478
BC479
BC547
27p
36P
400
8P
BD131
18p
18p
11p
10p
11p
14p
12p
13p
149
14p
14p
52p
35p
80132
60133
35p
449
BD135
BC1013
8p
BC+.08B
89
B0137
38p
39p
38p
38p
AC125
AC126
AC127
ACI 28
AC176
AC186
18p
18p
17P
16p
18p
24P
AD161
AF124
AF125
4F126
AF I 27
AF139
AF239
BC107
BC107B
34PAD162
38P
27p
27p
27p
8C549
BC550
8C558
8C559
50Y70
BCY71
BCY72
BD115
leBD136
BC108C
8C109
BC109C
10p
BC147
BC148
BC149
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BC158
BC159
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7P
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BC183
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BCI 84
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BC5413
89
10p
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7P
60138
BD139
BD140
B124413
BFX29
BFX84
BFX87
9p
99
8F088
8FY50
9P
Bp
B1Y51
BFY52
ee
99
BP
Bp
7P
9P
149
14p
14p
10p
10P
MJ2955
MPF102
MPS406
M0S456
TIP29
TIP29A
T1P290
TIP29C
TIP30
10pTIP304
OP
TIP308
10pTIP30C
OP
BC20B
1Bp
BC2102C
10p
TIP31
BC213L
10p
TIP31B
TIP31C
15p
BU105
8U205
8U208
TIP314
BC214 L
35p
35p
36p
25p
23p
20p
20p
15p
15p
10p
BC4J1
TIP3210p
TIP324
170p
140p
160p
98p
36p
30p
30p
40p
44p
40p
60p
40p
48p
'
55p
70p
8f0p
MC6800
MC6810
MC6820
MC6850
50804
TIP33C
TIP34
11P344
TIP34B
ZTX107
7TX108
ZTX109
ZTX300
ZTX301
ZTX302
ZTX303
ZTX304
217(310
71X311
ZTX314
ZTX341
ZTX500
ZTX501
ZTX502
ZTX503
ZTX504
ZTX530
ZTX550
2N696
2N697
2N698
2N699
2N706
297064
2N708
2N914
2N918
29919
29920
2N929
2N930
2N1131
2N1132
291302
2N1303
251304
251613
2N1671
2N2160
310p
116p N2906A
22p
98p 252907
22p
95p 2529074 25p
128p 2N2926G 10p
149 2929268
8p
14p 253011
22p
149 2N3053
18p
16p 2N3054
50p
16p 2N3055
50p
23p 2N3121
25p
23p 2N3133
259
25p 2N3440
80p
13p 253441
120p
14p 2N3442 135p
22p 2N3702
8p
2N3703
8p
l6p 2N3704
8p
21p
13p
13p
20p
22p
30p
50p
54p
25p
20p
23p
23p
38p
54p
54p
22p
130p
100p
28p
0p
65p
55p
292484
y2p
60p
TIP32B
5p
TIP33C
TIP33A
TIP330
5p
80p
103p
710P
252846
252904
2920944
2N2905
2529054
2N2906
Potentiometen
Carbon track Log and Linear values

5K -2M2 smgl
5K -2M2 song) gang awi tched
5K -2M2 dual Sans nee o ..
.
145p5p
22
229
22p
22p
2N3705
253706
2N3707
2N3708
2N3709
2N3710
2N3711
2N3715
2N3819
2N3823
2N3824
293866
293903
293904
2N3905
2N3906
294037
294050
2N4059
2N4060
Bp
Bp
Bp
154001
194002
1N41048
Optoelectrono,
LED.
89
0 125 in
0 2 in
Bp
8p
Bp
30p
12p
10p
12p
12p
50p
10p
04200
5914
15916
..
10p
22p
65p
75p
55p
0447
.. 26p
.. 60p
...
9p
Bp
32p
75p
Preset PotesOwelee
VLUrnmabfe npa avallable In 110/00 ntal or vertical mounting.
0 1w ral.n9 100 Geme la 2.51
Bp aaeh
SOAR, devslapnenl of 5 al each va lue from 100 ohms to 2M, a
WYI d J[1 preset (plelfY el.l! wore al or horizontal)
3.95
Cere.rie Cepadm.e
Miniature plate type 50V PC mounting. Available from 22pF to
1000pF in E12 series and 15005F to 0.047uF in E6 series
2p each
Polyester Capacitor.
Mullard C280 series 2509 PC mau citing.
0 01, 0.015, 0 022, 0 033. 0.047 0.068, 0.1 5p; 0.1 5, 0.22
7p; 0.33, 0 47, lop 0 68 114: .0, 17p; 2.2p F, 28p each.
Special development ARA ortdea ch value 6.20
Twelowe Cep.dm..
0 10150.22033 047.0 .68. 1.0, 2 210 35V
9p
4 / 4 25v. 8 8 and 104 25V
l3p
2 2.0 Isv 47 r 6V 681.4 30. 100
3V
...
.. 16p
D evdapment peti 5 demo vai ue 8.30
9p
9p
2N4061
2N5179
2N5457
2N5458
2N5459
2N5777
..
..
...
16p
20p
20p
25p
30p
24p
32p
12p
28p
50p
Ell
High stability, low noise, 0.25W 5%

series from 4 7 ohms to
10 Megohms. Any selection
each
100+
1000+
5000+
1p
0.9p
O.Bp
0.75p
Special development pack of 10 of each value 4 7 ohms to
Megohm a total of 650 resistors
E5 70
5830
292243
292297
2N2368
252369
50p
Cer5.5 Fin Rael.we
42515
63031
Display.
Red
Green
9p
Sp
Yellow
15p
18p
18p
13p
DL707 90p
DL704 90p
DIL Bocktrb
B
pin 11 p
14 pin 12p
16 pin 13p
24 pin 30p
30p
329
Quantity discount on any min. TTL, CMOS and Linear Circuits 25+
10%, 100+ 15% All orders despatched by return. Prices VAT
lue Se Freese add 30p br Caf r
Allecomponents
Cad
brand new and lull speed eaten from leading manufacturers
Mond Caolter. men *Atom. b our prom is3s 8.3979 to dp1 Monday
5411404, NI prices velpl i0 Apn 30, 1979 Send 12p stamp for
..ur new clunra.ed 1015050e
50p
Bp
5p
R
4
P
7805
Epp
7812
7816
7818
6015
6P9P
3P
Epp
Epp
1824
75105
78112
78115
7905
Epp
30p
Sop
30p
7917
7915
80p
80p
79015
7924
80p
p
79105
79112
79115
11430811
1M3171(
1143238
70p
110
0pp
3000
C. N. STEVENSON (E2) 236 High Street. Bromley. Kent BR1 1PQ. Tel: 01-464 2951/5770
ACCON now Meade bin
12
NOVEMBER 1978
AUDIO AND
MICROCOMPUTERS
LEVEL I AND II
TRS80 IN STOCK
TEST EQUIPMENT
TR E
-C I N
Only regular
WANTED
ALL PRICES
INCLUDE VAT
of h er makes and m )dels available
ocks listed
Telephone your order with Access and Barclaycards
DM235
TE20D
LONDON'S TEST GEAR CENTRE

OPEN 6 DAYS A WEEK 9 am -6 pm
SCOPES
3"
- IN STOCK
07-50
5MHz ongle beam
10700
200.00
4810. 5MHz single beam (4 )

M515 15MHz Batt/roams, portable
MS215. Dual trace version of above
Super
Super
7110.00
141.00
6/458 Scope x 6MHz single beam

10/40104. Scope x 10MHz Dual trace
4025 Scope x 25MHz

PROBES
Dual trace
x 10 14.50 x 10 9 95
95. For 45 id D104 4025
225.00
770.00
LED AND LCD DIGITAL,
MULTIMETERS
1200
01027S Smrlav 00011)1 3'n drglt LED
2057
11OM75 Snceb Pocket 3'0 dept LED
120Kv Probe 10.25. Moms odaptors 3.76 0M235 concas. 6.00)
0600
displays
velle
erge
Mmeature
LED
LM3A 3 Dgl
100.00
Recharge Oils and clin.,'e T ranges
063.6113'1 Pod
SAMOA 4 Dget
L111700
Mee
11R310 31/2094
Mano,)a beery operata
0600
LM3.5A
ELECTRONIC
GENERAL PURPOSE &
Ranges all with mirror scales
MULTI -METERS
e'
Multi -Range Instruments Featuring AC/DC volts. DC current Resistance

except Tl /IT1-2/T12/TM3A (TM3 AC volts only) some with AC current etc
TM11 incredible 120 Range Electronic Mullrmeter
TM3B
AC Micro voltmeter 3MHz >4 Megchm
TM6B
Broadbandvoltmeter 300KHz-400MHz
360TH 100k volt
23 Range (plus transistor checker) Large scale
PROE 20k/volt
26 Range Large scale
7081 50k/volt
36 Range Multi -meter
T. K50O 30k/volt
22 Range Multi -meter (plus Continuity Buzzer)
6808 20k/volt
52 Range Pocket Multi -meter
7200 20k/volt
22 Range Double Multi -meter
Micro80 20k/volt
26 Range Pocket Multt-meter
IT1-2 20k volt
16 Range Popular Mulu-meter
LT22 20k /volt
19 Range Pocket Multimeter wan carry case
112 5k /volt
3 Range Pocket Mulh-meter
LT101 1k/volt
2 Range Pocket Muly-meter
EM2000 FET IC VOM 20 Ranges 10 Meg Input
..
K200 FET VOM 38 Ranges
GT101, 20K/Volt 23 Ranges/Transistor Checker/Contmutty Checker
AVO 8s and a large range of replacement tests lends to stack
.
GENERAL EQUIPMENT
.. .. 8.95
7E7 Signal Tracer

SWR5O SWR / Power Meter
LP30 30MHz Low Pass Filter
CX3A 15owatt 3-way AE Switch
DC25kV 100 Meg HV Probe
'136.00
130.00
196.00
35.50
32.00
...
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17.95
17 90
11
95
14.50
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5500'
77 00
17.95
GENERATORS
00152 Serres RC Oscillators

Sine/Square output 3Hz-300KHz
1950
4.95
7.50
11.95
2.95
VMw GP Sub.Oe
3.90
..
Box
WI.
Rees
05110 36
11.95
....
1.22000 POI Men.,
751000 T,rw.la, cnecker in/oul circuit 11.95
7.50
100053 510n.1 Inleeta
49.95
TT169 In Circuit TR Checker
21.50
LB1 Transistor/ Diode Checker
75.00
95.00
TG 1520
TG 152 Dm (wrth (neter)
TG200 Serie. RC Oscillators

Sme/Square output 1Hz-1MHz
..
TG 200D
TG200 Dm (with reeler)
TG200 Dung (Meter & Fine control)
TG66A Digital Sme Wave Decade
10000
121.00
126 00
control
267.00
bands Sine 20-200KHz
65.00
0 2Hz-1 22MHz
TE22D (audio) 4
Square 20-150KHz
TE20D (RF) 6 bands 120KHz-500M Hz
3101 Clamp Meter 0/1 K ohm 0/150/300/

3295
600 AC Volts O/300 Amp
9 95
C3042 SWR & FS Meter
17.50
M 7310 22100 Watt Auden We M eter
5 00V Megrbmerm 500 M.genme
48.00
1 000V Megohmeer 1000 Megoh ms
55.00
2 Amp Vttble TrenSfermer

5 Amp Venable Tranalermer
Agp Vorybt Trensfemtr
Opf
111
16 Pin
33.00
110p1 in steps of 10p1
IC
test
19.44
2
20
PIEZO HORN
FM7
TWEETERS
Up le 100
regd Only
watts4c
ea- 4
95 eacr
20a
01i1 508110 pock bas
Freq coupler
SCS 51 251H
15600
Preece* ter alors
0
digit
TM11
TMK500
CALL IN AND SEE FOR YOURSELF
CORRECT Al6EPl_6,n..50E
MN
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TM 3
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MIN W.
E041
INTERNATIONAL
Apply in writing to:

Halvor Moorshead,
Editor,
Electronics Today International,
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London WIR IRF.
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operated counter
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ELECTRONICS
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AND COMPONENTS
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46.00
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19.95
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If YOU have a genuine interest in electronics and project

building and an above -average ability to express yourself in
writing, you could be the person we're looking for. We are
being serious.
We are looking for someone to join the editorial team and
reckon that an enthusiastic reader is likely to be the type to
join us. Not an uncritical reader we want to continue to
improve. The work will entail dealing with articles and
news licking them into shape and making them better
than anyone else's articles and news. The applicant will
work on both ETI and our new sister publication Hobby
Electronics. Readers employed in journalism at the moment will be considered but we are not primarily looking
for someone with magazine experience.
We are flexible about age and experience but imagine
that the person who gets the job will be between 21 and 28.
Salary will depend upon age and experience but will be in
the range 3,700 to 9,100, possibly more for someone with
exceptional qualifications.
Experience has told us that people who read ads like this
think a) that it doesn't apply to them b) that their own
knowledge is far too limited or c) that ads of this type are
only put in because we have to fill half a page. None of these
is true.
57.00
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for ETI and
Hobby Electronics
210.00
67.00
range
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wee LCD deigeys 1r A mV renewer
4006
4,e
COPT NOW
- NOVEMBER 1978
Applications should reach us as soon as possible with C.V.

Prospective applicants may telephone the Editor for further details
but this must be followed by written application.
13
Gould Advance Instruments

Professional quality at a
realistic price.
,<<
0S245A
Oscilloscope
Only 220
(excluding VAT)
Alpha Ill Digital
Multimeter
0S245A Oscilloscope
Fault-finding, circuit testing or

servicing - an oscilloscope is indispensable. It saves time, prevents
costly mistakes, and enables you to
tackle bigger, better projects.
Now, Gould Advance offer you
this professional -quality. dualtrace instrument, at a price which
brings it within reach of the
amateur enthusiast.
Just look at these great Gould
Advance features -then compare
the OS245A for value
!
*DC-10MHz bandwidth
*Dual trace
*Clear controls, simple
operation
.*Fully gua ranteed for 2 years
*5mV/div. sensitivity
*Time -bas easpeeds to
100 ns/div.
*4" CRT with 8
With a choice of 25 ranges and

basic accuracy of =0.2%, the
(excluding VAT)
TO Bob Wheeler, Gould Instruments Division,

Roebuck Road, HAINAULT Essex IG6 3UE.
,
Alpha Ill is a professional's

multimeter, yet it is versatile
enough to cover every amateur
application
And although it is offered at such
a modest price, it shares the
advanced design features of the
more expensive Gould Advance
instruments - in particular, the
purpose-built chip, incorpora ring
all analogue and digital circuitry.
Essex IG6 3UE
PLEASE SEND ME
AN 0S245A OSCILLOSCOPE at
E240 84 (inc p&p and VAT)
AN Alpha III DIGITAL MULTIPMETER
at
110.16 (inc. p&p and VAT)
enclose
CHEQUE
I
_*
J
POSTAL ORDER
!J *
CASH
for the amount of E_
*2,000 scale length (100mV

resolution)
*Tough, attractive moulded
MY ACCOUNT
NUMBER IS
*Bright red LED display
Surname
*Fully guaranteed for 2 years
Address
Or please charge my Access
Barclaycard
Ili *
Signature
case
*25 ranges
Initials
10 div.
Goul d Inatrumen is D ivision,

Roeb uck Road, Hai naul t. Essex I G6 3UE.
Telep honei01-500 100 0
Telex :263785.
Regis tered Number 263 834 Engl and.
14
Only 99
Alpha III Digital Multimeter
(Mr/Mrs/Miss)
Postal Code
le
GOULD
ETa
rick which appropnd te
Blck Caroms Preaa
Note This slier apphes to the U.K and Ireland

only
NOVEMBER 1978
ETIPRINTS
ETIPRINTS are a fast new aid for producing high
quality printed circuit boards. Each ETIPRINTS
sheet contains a set of etch resistant rub down
transfers of the printed circuit board designs for
several of our projects. ETIPRINTS are made from
our original artwork ensuring a neat and accurate
board. We thought ETIPRINTS were such a good
idea that we have patented the system (patent
numbers 1445171 and 1445172).
HOW IT WORKS
PARTS LIST
001
3 Channel Tone
Control
Spirit Level
Clock A
Digital Thermometer
Skeet Game
002
Compander
House Alarm
Rev Monitor
Clock
003
004
005
Race Track Game
Oct 77
Oct 77
Nov77
Oct77
Nov 77
Nov 77
Jan 78
Dec77
Dec 77
Jan 78
Jan 78
Dec 77
Hammer Throw
Freezer Alarm
Feb 78
Metal Locator Mk II
Feb 78
Ultrasonic Tx/Rx
5 Watt Stereo Amp (modified)
Jan 77
Feb 78
Metronome
Feb 78
Shutter Time
Op -Amp Supply
Frequency Shifter
Mar 78
LCD Panelmeter
Light Dimmer (3 times)
006
007
CMOS Switched
Preamp
From Experimenters
P.S.U.
555 Boards (twice
Star Trek Radio
CD Ignition
CCD Phaser
White Line Follower
008
009
Lay down the ETIPRINT and rub over with a

soft pencil until the pattern is transierred to
the board. Peel off the backing sheet carefully
making sure that the resist has transferred If
you've been a bit careless there's even a
'repair kit' on the sheet to correct any breaks!
010
Tank Battle
Helping Hand
AM/FM Radio
Bridge Oscillator
CMOS Stars & Dots
Bench Amplifier
Freezer Alarm
Marker Generator
LED Dice
Watchdog (2 PCBs)
"Electronics
Tomorrow"
TVlay
78
May 78
IVfay 7$
April 78
May 78
June 78
Project
Book
Six
Stars & Dots PSU
011
Noise Generator
General Preamp
Flash Trigger
Compander
Active Crossover
Project
Book
Six
(2 PCBs)
012
BUYLINES
ORDER TODAY
Send
cheque or P.O (payable to Eli Magazine) to
013
Digital Thermometer
Amplifier Module
Amplifier PSU
014
Equaliser
Equaliser PSU
Skeet Game
Sweep Oscillator
Burglar Alarm
ETI PRINT
ETI MAGAZINE,
25/27 OXFORD STREET. LONDON W1
75pinc p&p
RF.
GSR
Monitor
015
UFO Detector
016
Torch Finder (twice)

Etiwet (twice)
Stac Timer
Xhatch Gen
Wheel of Fortune
017
018
E_ECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
Disco Lightshow
Stereo Simulator
Project
Book
Six
Project
Book
Six
Project
Book
Six
July 78
July 78
Aug 78
Sept 78
Complex Sound Gen

Tele Bell Extender
Power Bulge
Cc! 78
RF Power Meter
Proximity Switch
Audio Oscillator (2)
Oct 78
Oct 78
Nov 78
15
ONE BOARD HOME

COMPUTER
-a
ETI, Transam an d Mike Hughes ,
who designed the system, present the Triton

one board comp uter that includ es all the featur es expected in a machine providing
the basis of a re ally powerful h ome system.
ADD A STANDARD domestic TV set
and a cassette recorder to the
TRITON and you have a complete
home computing system that is equal
to, indeed in some areas superior to,
many of the commercial ready built
systems now on the market.
The TRITON has been designed
on a single board, which means that
construction should not pose any
problems providing an adequate
standard of soldering is maintained
throughout. The case, designed
specifically for the TRITON, means
that the finished unit can safely and
attractively be housed. In use, with
the TV set on top of the case, the
TRITON will be easy and convenient
to operate.
The TRITON is based on the 8080
MPU, a device which has proven

itself over a number of years. This
MPU has a vast amount of software
available for it and the TRITON's 1K
monitor system allows for easy entry
and subsequent modification of such
material.
The 2K TINY BASIC that is also
resident in the TRITON, allows this
popular, easy to learn, language to
be used in conjunction with the
TRITON's versatile graphic character
set and unique VDU function to
develop everything from games to
education programs quickly and
easily.
The TRITON has space for 3K of
user RAM on bord but the machine
has been designed in order to make
expansion a simple matter. All the
The single board that carries all of the Triton's circuitry with the areas concerned
with various parts of the system indicated.
16
signals necessary to add further

memory, /0 devices etc. are
brought out to an edge connector at
the back of the board.
It is essential to use a top quality
double sided plate d through board
for the project. Un like many projects
the PCB is likely to be the most
expensive single item you have to
invest in but it is this component
which brings the whole project into
scope for the average constructor
with no significant theoretical
knowledge.
The board has been designed to
keep all the most intricate wiring on
the top side
in particular the
connections that run between IC
pins. The latter are the most
vulnerable to a heavy hand on the
soldering iron but this is not saying
that you can afford any carelessness
underneath! Use the smallest
soldering iron you can lay your hands
on and the bit must, certainly, be no
greater than 3132mn diameter. As
stated, all soldering operatins
should be carried out on the
underside of the board; the through
hole plating will route all necessary
connections to the topside.
Wherever possible it is worth
trying to re-inforce the through hole
plating by getting molten solder to
creep through the hole by capilliary
action, t herefore hol d the solderin g
iron in p lace long en ough for the
heat to f low through the h ole and
take the solder with it. A coupie of
seconds longer than your usual
soldering time should suffice. You
will notice that on the underside of
the board there are hundreds of IC
pin lands that do not appear to be
connected to anything. These lands
must be soldered in all positions
because nearly all of them go
somewhere on the top side!
I
NOVEMBER 1978
PRO)
,ECT
Transam Components Ltd
of 12 Chapel St, will be
sole suppliers of the Triton and will also supply
See John CoII's

comments on the Triton
in Computing Today
individual parts for the

computer.
fkfrAics ttidif;
HOME COMM./MHO
,--..----
The
Algorithm
-91,aide
ur
time with the soldering

slow
-completeyour
couple
this project
to
very
-connection
because
produce dry
Take
even at
pace you can
of
in a
days
miss
it is
or
easy
joint. We recommend that you insert

one component at a time and solder
it in completely before moving on to
the next; a visual check of each joint
is essential and if you have any doubt
don't be afraid to use a magnifying
glass. A few seconds wasted doing
if not days
this can save hours
trying to find a single missed
connection!
All the holes on the board have
been pre -drilled to the correct
diameters but in the event of you
paving a device which will not quite
go through the hole do not UNDER
.:NY CIRCUMSTANCES attempt to
drill out to size
you will ruin the
-nrough hole plating! The ONLY
-oles you may drill out are the fixing
- oles for the board and the mounting
'es for the extender socket If you
nave a stubbern component try
scraping down the diameter of its
cad with a sharp knife or use a
-eedle file to reduce its dimensions
s ghtly. Probably the only offender
,o.j will find in this respect is the
--'odulator which has rather large
These
= x ng lugs that sport a taper
a little from device to

device.
We recommend the use of sockets
for all the integrated circuits as it is
virtually impossible to remove ICs
from a double sided THP board.
Start construction by soldering in
all the DIL sockets while the board is
flat
it makes life much easier
and then insert all resistors and
diodes Next insert the nine board
pins which connect to the
transformer and IC1 (the off board
voltage regulator) Proceed to solder
in the in line strip sockets and the
extender socket. When the latter is
firmly soldered you should
carefully drill out the board
mounting holes with a drill using the
connector's holes as a guide and
then boit it firmly into place
might vary
Construction Commences
_ECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
Switched
On
System
Insert the three transistors for the

tape /O. Procede then to the
capacitors and LEDs Leave the three
large smoothing capacitors till last
and be very careful that you insert
the LEDs the right way round You
will have to look very careful at the
solid tantalum capacitors to find their
polarity You should then insert, and
solder in the three preset
I
potentiometers.
Before progressing further check
- NOVEMBER 1978
the polarity of all the diodes and

electrolytic capacitors you have
inserted.
You can now insert, and solder in
the three crystals making sure you
have them in the correct
positions. The crystals have their
frequencies stamped on them
(usually in kilohertz).
Continue with construction by

putting in the modulator and the two
on board regulators. Make sure you
have the regulators in the right
position. Ensure that you insert them
the right way round. The metal fin
should be on the face of them
furthest away from the main
smoothing capacitors
Temporarily mount ICI on its

heatsink and run flying leads to the
.three pins allocated to it.
The great moment is close at hand
but before inserting any integrated
circuits give the power supply a dry
run Connect up the remaining six
board pins to their corresponding
terminals of the transformer and
apply power Use a voltmeter to see
that you have the correct voltage rails
present. You should get +5 V and
+12 V at the output pins of ICs
and 2 respectively and -12 V at the
V
output of IC3. You should read
1
-5
17
SYSTEM
RESET
WAIT
INTE
UNBUFFERED
OUTPUTS
DEIN
TO BUS BAR
PROJECT:
Computer
HULA
HUYIN
-OW
-t
REA,,1)
HOLD
ZUMA
mra
IEOUEST!
mT
TRI -STATE
BUFFERS
CONTROL.
TI
'
NT
MEM
ROM
0000-03FF
INTER UPT
ENCODER
1400-14FF
MONITOR
1,1
VDU
PORT
1500-15FF
ROM
VIII
VDU
I114
RAGIC
t`
SELCCI
II/3
1700-11FF
OR
ECORDER
RELAY
TAPE
RELAY
PORT
OUT
MEMORY
MAPPING)
1800-10FF
ROY
OWN Oaf I
CHIP
LOGIC
TO TAPE
CC
Or
ROM
1900-19FF
1000-1AFF
2-BIT
PORT
(OUT)
I.(
afM
0E00-OFFF
1000-10FF
SPARE
IIIIIIIr"--
VDU
CONTROL
1C00-1CF
CHIP
1000-1DFF
1E00-10 FE
L.IT
POR
RAU
1F00-1FFF
II
VDU RA M SELECT
I
RAM
1000-13FF
tt
r:LECT
ff
OGIC
n LEDS
(OUT)
ALPHA -NUMERIC
nnM
Y90AR
Block diagram showing how the various sections of

the Tril on go
together to form the complete system.
arte
SPARE
TO T,V
MODULATOR
sEfIIA\I
H
OM
SYNC
HOW IT WORKS
(MPU) itself - the faithful old 8080A.
This MPU
very simple to
1 MI
The heart of the system is the microprocessor
has a
understand
instruction set which is remarkably versatile
for those who like to dabble in work at
machine code lev el and because of its years
of experience th ere is a great variety of
software freely a vailable to use with it. In
addition it is one o f the cheapest MPUs on the
market.
The 1\4I1I will sequence Ihro((y;h
list of
These eight lines are decoded to activate any

one of 256 possible external devices through
what are called PORTS.
Before moving on from the heart of the
system it is worth mentioning some of the
operation on the VDU screen and to do a

re -initialisation without clearing all the
memory (which would otherwise happen if
one pressed the reset button). There are five
remaining lines one of which is brought out
single lines depicted on the illustration.
to a spare push button on the front panel and
When the computer is initially switched on it
the rest are piped down the multiway socket
is necessary to give it the right instruction to
along with the busbars. The interrupt request
start with so that it can sequence on from
lines have to be encoded and formatted into
there to complete the program in a sane
an eight bit data byte. When this is done the
manner. For this reason it is usual to have the
interrupt encoder tells the CPU with the INT
www.americanradiohistory.com
decoding the least stgmhrant eight bits of the

address bus) through the Port Select logic
and issues a I7O7 control signal will data
from the keyboard be placed on the data
busbar. Working in the opposite direction,
the Output Port driving a bank of eight on
board LEDs is a set of eight latches which
catch and hold whatever data is on the
busbar when they receive a coincident pair of
signals from the port selector and the I/OW
line of the control bus. These onboard LEDs
Ilona hold hr meaner y aaK loll hylrn and

un rr, rilrl of rani urritrncliun will carry out
un operalion which ranges from getting
another byte of data from somewhere else in
memory to carrying out simple logical or
arithmetical operations on that data. It is
not within the scope of this article to cover
the inner workings of the MPU itself or, for
that matter, to explain every operation that
the 8080 can offer.
As it operates sequentially the MPU needs
clock. In this case the master frequency is
7.20MHz which is divided down to clock the
MPU every 1.25uS. This time is the duration
of a microcycle and it takes from 4 to 11
microcycles for the MPU to complete an
nra11m
instruction.
The MPU itself has quite a large number of
lines leading to it. The 8 data lines are in the
form of a bi-directional busbar (i.e. can carry
data to or from the MPU). To cut down on the
number of wires coming from the MPU the
data busbar serves a secondary purpose. It
carries what is called "STATUS" information
at a certain point in time within an instruction cycle. This st atus information is in the
form of an 8 bit b yte and is decoded by the
System Controller. When decoded the Status
byte feeds one of 5 lines with a locigal "o"
which tells the rest of the system what sort of
instruction the MPU is executing during that
cycle. These lines are grouped together to
form the CONTROL BUSBAR and are de signaled INTA (meaning that the computer
has just been interru led by a n external
'Interrupt
Request"), NIEIVHmAkj ading data
(writing
from a memory location),
data into an internal memory
or storing
location), 170R (inputting data from an exsuch as a keyboard or a tape
ternal source
system) and I/OW (outputting -data to an
external destination such as a VDU or a tape
system).
The 16 lines which carry a 2 byte WORD
which is used to ADDRESS a specific byte of
memory form the uni -directional ADDRESS
BUSBAR. Using 16 binary lines one can
therefore address up to 65,536 (decimal)
memory locations. We have limited the
capacity of the TRITON to 8K of memory
but the address busbar (in common with
the data and control busses) are buffered and
can be fed to the outside world through a
multiway connector thus allowing easy expansion to maximum capacity with add on
boards.
The address bus also serves a duplicity of
roles depending on whether the instruction
cycle is a memory addressing or an I/O
addressing cycle. As already stated all sixteen lines are used to address memory loca tions but during an I/O read or write cycle
the CPU is limited to providing address data
on the eight least significant address lines.
al km zero. We
fitbl InalIuelion al addreitii
can reset the MPU by depressing a push
button or at switch on by the POWER ON
RESET.
Those that want to can use the line marked
HOLD for applications involving DMA

(Direct Memory Access). Basically this
means that by making this line go to logic "1"

one can isolate the internal CPU from all
three busbars (using the tristate facility of
the buffers) and allow an external device to
do what it will with the internal memory. We
have strapped this line to "O" with a removable link so the facility is there for those who
want it. RDYIN is used if any memory of
peripheral is incapable of responding as fast

as the computer desires. The external device
can make this line go to "O" for any period of
time (usually set by a monostable) and when
this happens the MPU goes into a WAIT state
and it does just that. It simply stops
operating as long as this line is low and when
the RDYIN signal is removed it carries on as
if nothing had happened. The only thing it
does do during this time is issue a signal to
the outside world called WAIT. You can see
the WAIT line designated as one of the
unbuffered outputs. In addition by connecting RDYIN via a push button switch to
ground one can halt the computer momentarily in the middle of any operation. Facility
for bringing this out to a push button is not
made on the board but it is a simple matter to
pick up the right point on the top side and
take it via a single wire to the front panel
see the circuit diagram of this section.
The RESET output goes high momentarily
when the rest button is pressed and can be
used to carry a synchronous reset on external
equipment; the HDLA output tells the outside world that the computer has gone into a
if anyone takes the
HOLD (or DMA) state
HOLD Line high; the INTE Line tells the
outside world that the computer is permitting itself to be interrupted (the mnemonic
stands for Interrupt Enabled) and the DBIN
line indicates which way the computer expects data to be flowing on the bi-directional
data bus. It goes high when the CPU is
expecting data to flow INTO it.
We are using the STSTRB (STATUS

to synchronise the memSTROBE) signal
more is said
ory mapping of the VDU
about this in the relevant section.
As already implied the 8080 will allow itself
to be interrupted in mid program provided
that the program sets the Interrupt Enable
flag. There is facility for eight possible interrupts but only seven can really be used on
this machine (Interrupt 0 is redundant as it

duplicates RESET). An interrupt is entered
into the machine on a single interrupt request line. Of the seven usable lines we are
using two within the machine to do a clearing
signal that mr Interrupt has been received.

When the CPU is ready to be interrupted it
issues an Interrupt Acknowledge signal
INTA which is used to place the encoded byte
on to the data bus. This byte enters the MPU
and directs the computer to operate the
desired subroutine. At the end of the routine
the computer reverts to the main program
continuing at the point where it was interrupted.
The memory of TRITON is split into three
types on the main board. There are locations
for up to 4K of Read Only Memory (ROM)
which is split between four 2708 Erasable
ROMs. These occupy address locations
0000H to OFFFH. The standard TRITON
uses the first IK to hold Monitor and Utility
routines nece ssary to initialise the machine
and re -vector interrupts. The next 2K holds a
BASIC INTE RPRETER and the fourth 1K
block is left spare for future expansion.
There is 1K of Random Access Memory
dedicated to the VDU. This starts
immediately above the ROM area starting at

1000H. Normally this RAM is addressed in
synchronism with the VDU line scan by the
VDU control circuitry but the CPU can take
over addressing under program control (in
effect interrupting the VDU). The VDU RAM
can only be written into by the computer.
The rest of memory is made up of "RAM
which is both read and write This area is
used to hold the stacks and tables of the
MONITOR and BASIC INTERPRETER (512
bytes) and the main work area starts at
1600H for a further 21/2K ending at 1FFFH.
This represents the full capacity of the on
board memory. There is no reason, however.
why further read write memory should not
be added externally starting from location
.
2000H.
The ROM and VDU RAM areas are

to fall into line
blocked into units of 1K
with the types of integrated circuits used.
However, the stack and work area RAMs are
laid out in blocks of 256 bytes.
The high order lines of the address busbar
are used to decode which block is being
this is done by the Chip Select
addressed
decoder. Note that the ROM chip selects are
gated with the MEMR signal from the Control Bus whereas this control signal and
MEMW go straight to the RAM chips. This is
because the 2111 Random Access Memory
ICs used have internal chip select gating and
output enables.
With the exception of the VDU which is
"hybrid" the rest of the system is made up
from a variety of 1/O stages. The most
important of the latter is the Keyboard Input.
The keyboard data and strobe lines are fed on
to the data busbar via tri -state buffers which
form the keyboard input port. Only when the
computer's software addresses this port (by
help to make the TRITON system more

versatile and can be used for test purposes or
in specialised development applications. The
LEDs themselves could be discarded and the
eight lines brought to the outside world as a
spare general purpose output port.
By making use of a couple of spare latches
on the board it was possible to provide two
spare output lines on one port and a spare
line on the port which also feeds the tape
recorder power cont roi relay.
The UART (Uni versai Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitt er) is the device which
converts the eight bit wi de parallel data on
the busbar to a speciali y formatted serial
stream to feed the tape recorder modulator.
It also carries out the co mplementary function of converting a received serial stream
into parallel data bytes. The device operates
as if it were two input ports and one output
port. One of each sort of port would be
obvious for a device which receives and
transmits but the requirement for a second
innput port may not be so obvious. Because
the device operates asynchronously from the
main computer (it has its own clock
operating at 300 baud) it is necessary t-o make
the computer wait from time to time to allow
the slower operating UART to complete a
transmission cycle. This is indicated by the
UART activating a flag which is regularly
monitored by the second input port.
The VDU portion of the computer is based
on the Thomson-CFS Control chip and
operates in a unique manner for this integrated circuit. Not only can one output to the
VDU through an output port (in similar
manner to using a teletype) but one can use

the computer to write data directly into the
VDU's memory at extremely high speeds.
A further extension is the way the control
chip has been used to handle Graphics.
Instead of the usual six bit wide RAM seven
bits are used in this VDU application. This
way enables the use of the compl ete set of
ASCII codes. 64 ext ra character codes are
therefore available by using those normally
associated with lower case "alpha" characters and all the control codes. Within the
overal context of the computer some of the
control codes serve dual purposes and the
VDU control ROM inhibits printing a graphic
when a control code is issued for genuine
control purposes!
The graphic select logic looks at the two
most significant bits of the ASCII code,
determines whether or not the symbol is
graphic or alpha -numeric, then proceeds to
select the standard alpha -numeric ROM or
the specially programmed graphics ROM.
There is quite a lot of extra logic associated
with this operation as well as the Memory
Map/1O changeover but we shall reserve
comment on this to the section describing the
circuit in detail.
RAM &ROM
PROJECT: Computer
ROM AREA
IC, 22423
AB
o
o
48
A7
RAM AREA
10.3e
40
AO
AS
Aa
A3
th
42
AI
HOW IT WORK
T.
AO
3] TI
]4
IC21
]1
1e
1 loll
11
I3
14
il 16
17 l6
SV
11 6
I]
49161E
1
0
O 87
D88
"
MOOR
o -
mum
ORDE
14
MORON
0000-03FF
IT
11 p
I]
16
IS
0V
met
TO ICs
22.23
19
WIN 20
1)s-61
Atea-Nf ff
IC21 24 ARE MM2708O

1C25-48 ARE TMS2111-2
SPECIALS' PROGRAMED
11011
11.,,
NOTE,
TOIL.
RAM
CHIP
SELECTS
191N
161
1CF
11100
..._
141
2758
--T alcs
30-
fills
1rp1
"
l'1
143
151
11if
Circuit diagram of the ROM and RAM circuitry. Note that in

the basic machine IC 24 is omitted
ti.T:
,_
as are ICs
33-48.
7311.-r-,szzer
641
o -
DBS O
D 86
LOW
OMoFW
DB3
DEW
OV
II
DBI
082
-SV
12V
The circuit diagram of this section has been

abbreviated as most of the memory circuitry
is a repeat of the same theme. You can clearly
see the difference between the ROMs and the
Read/Write RAMS. There are four of the
former
all 2708s but in the standard
machine only three are used immediately.
The 2708 is an ultra violet erasable ROM
which cont ai ns 1.024 (decimal) bytes of
memory eac h being 8 bi is wide. To access a
specific byt e within it you need a 10 bit
address and A 0 through A9 are used for this
purpose. The eight output pins are tri -state
which are enabled by a "0" on pin 20 (the chip
select input). The respective outputs front
each of the ROMs can therefore be con3moned together on the data bus. The "Programming Enable" pin (1S) is only used when
the devices are being programmed and
therefore is left disconnected within the
system. We use the block select signal gated
with MEMR to provide the Chip Select strobe
for the ROMs (this is described elsewhere).
The Monitor program is located within
IC21 which starts at address location 0000H
so that the computer will always go through
a
firmware initialisation routine when
switched on. The Power On Reset ensures

that the first instruction the CPU reads will
be the one located at 000H BASIC is located
within ICs 22 and 23.
The RAM area of memory comprises TMS
2111-2 chips. These each contain 256 locations that are four bits wide. As we need to
store eight bit bytes of data two chips are
required for each 256 byte block of memory.
The odd number designations IC25 to IC47
correspond to the low order nibble of the byte
while the respective even numbers (1C26 to
IC4S) correspond to the high order. Only
eight address lines (AO through A7) are
required to uniquely select a byte within this
organisation of a chip pair but we need to
specify which pair by means of the Chip
Select lines (these have been decoded elsewhere in the system).
The 2111s have in ternal chip select and
Read/Write g aatingso we are able to drive the
MEMR and MEMW inputs direct from the
control busbar.
GRAPHIC
00
01
5
6
4
5
8
9
8
9
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
11
10
OA
12
13
14
11
The table shows the decimal and hex codes

associated with the Triton graphics and,
where applicable, the key on the keyboard.
The symbols may be used within a BASIC
print statement or wit h the OUTCH monitor
routine.
14
14
16
15
16
17
OB
OC
OD
OE
OF
positions and apply power to the

TRITON. You should see some
change on the television screen even
though you may not be spot on tune.
Try adjusting the tuning over the
whole range until a strong signal is
locked in. You should see the
welcome message:
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
10
at the junction between R1 and the

zener diode. If all is well here;
systematically check that you have
the correct voltages at the sockets of
every integrated circuit. Use the
schematic diagrams to help you

identify the pin numbers.
Finally check that you have

inserted the single wire link to the
right of the extender socket.
Insert all the integrated circuits

making absolutely sure that you
have them orientated correctly and
TRITON READY
have them in the correct locations
FUNCTION: PGIOLWT
locate
to
Use the dot on the UART
It may respond with INVALID
pin 1 (the notch can be misleading).
do
as
the keyboard is not fitted
varies
ICs
Note that the orientation of
not worry this is still an indication
must
you
and
the
board
lot
on
a
that everything is working.
check each one individually Insert
Hopefully this will be the case and
marked
is
that
chip
FROM
2708
the
can rest assured that your
you
for
MONITOR V4 1 into the socket
computer is working! Switch the
IC21; the one marked BASIC L4.1
computer off; wait a few seconds and
""A" into the socket for IC22 and
switch it on again. For a fraction of a
BASIC L4 1 "B" into IC23. Insert
second you will see a load of rubbish
eight TMS 21 1-2 devices in IC
on the screen which will rapidly clear
locations 25 to 32 inclusive. The
and the previous message will be
only gaps you should have on the
repeated.
board are the IC24 and ICs 33 to 48
Switch off and make up an
Do not bother with a keyboard at
cord of wires to go from the
umbilical
a
up
make
simply
but
moment
the
socket on the board to the
keyboard
coaxial lead to go from the modulator
to the aerial socket of a standard 625 keyboard and associated push
switches. Use colour coded wire and
line television set. Switch the TV on
ensure that you make no mistake
that
checking
up
it
to
warm
allow
and
when connecting the relevant leads
a raster is just visible and tune it to
to the keyboard Cinch connector. It is
36.
channel
approximately
double sided and you must make
Set the three on board
sure to hold. it with the correct
way
mid
to
their
potentiometers
17
18
19
20
21
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
12
13
18
19
20
21
22
2.3
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
42
43
44
45
46
47
48 111
49 112
50 113
51 114
52 115
53 116
54 117
55 118
56 119
57 120
58
121
59
60
122
123
124
125
126
127
61
62
63
64
.11.19194
0W. Hex
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
1A
18
TRITON
GRAPHICS
CONT A
CONT B
23
CONT E
CONT F
CONT G
24
CONT N
CONT O
CONT P
CONT Q
CONT R
CONT S
CONT T
CONT U
CONT V
CONT W
CONT X
CONT Y
CONT Z
36
.
37
rM
E'OS
1C
10
.*
.
. ..
1E
1F
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
6A
6B
6C
06
d
e
m
n
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
7A
78
7C
7D
7E
7F
j
k
6E
6F
71
50
g
h
i
6D
70
ant
"%La'
61
19
o
p
q
r
s
52
u
v
w
x
y
z
RUBOUT
22
60
53
PROJECT: Computer
Y
Q6G<IQGx
ND
OUT
Ow
ZZ
to
Oe
<iur
FLOOf
CACA<
ZQ
O
>.
- e.;elaialvl<
la
80
NOTE'.
THESE ARE NOT BUFFERED
AND THEREFORE CANNOT
WITHSTAND HEAVY LOADS

ALLFFERED
OTHER OUTPUTS APE
BU
ILINK
(REMOVE TO ALLOW
EXTERNAL OMA)
MODULATOR
Cl
g,
CI1
o-
.1]V
OAS
RMS
1EP
C1fi
c12:ec
YOU',"
CIO
V
- i
BTZ
BITSa
BIT
BIT 4
BITS
GIBE
STRET
RESET
GROUND
-,zvV
\
ri
TO TAPE
RECORDER
PORT 6 BIT7
C = PORT T BIT 7
D&E = POWER CONTROL
B =
F =
G=
H=
AUDIO OUT
AUDIO IN
GROUND
The Triton's overlay. We suggest that sockets are used for all
ICs.
PARTS UST
IC17, 18
IC20
IC 21, 22 23, 24
RESISTORS (all 1/4W 10% unless stated)
IC25-48
R1
R2, 34, 44
IC50, 51, 68
IC52
IC53
IC54
IC55
IC56, 57, 71
IC59, 60, 64
65, 66
82R 1/2W 10%

10k
R3-19, 22-26, 30,

33, 35, 37, 38, 40,
k0
46, 47
4M7
R20, 36
220R
R21, 31
470R
R27
330R
R28,29
15R
R32
4k7
R39
1
R41,45
R42,43
IC62
IC63
IC69
IC70
IC72
100k
IC73-79
IC80
POTENTIOMETERS
RV2,
min
100R sub
RV1
3
horiz
preset
10k sub min horiz pre
set
CAPACITORS
Cl,
15, 17
C2, 16, 18
C3-14
C19
C20, 23, 27, 32
C21
C22
C24
C25, 29, 30
C26, 28
C31
4 700u 25 V electrolytic
470n polyester
47r ceramic
4 7p ceramic
47u 6V3 tantalum
82p ceramic
Ou 6V3 tantalum
100u 25 V electrolytic
5n polyester
100n polyester
220n polyester
IC82
IC83
D1-4
D5-12
D13, 14
spacing)
TRANSFORMER
12V+ 12V at 0 5A, 8V25
Ti
at 3A
SWITCH
PB1
X1
LM 34oT-1 2
X2,
IC4
IC5
IC6
IC7, 8, 10, 49
8224N
8080A
8228N
74LS244
74LS245
74LS 148
74LS240
74LS00
74LS32
74LS 1 54
74LS 1 38
400mW
BC148
LD35Y (0
LM323K
IC12
IC13, 58
IC14, 19, 67
IC15
IC16
5V1
IC2
IC3
IC9
IC11
Q1, 2, 3
LEDs 1-8
IC1
LM32oT-1
74LS75
74LS74
74S287
74LS 32
74LS08
74LS157
ZD1
PB2-5
CRYSTALS
SEMICONDUCTORS
MM2708Q
2111-2
74LS374
IC81
74LSO2
SFC96364
74LS86
74LS 163
RO -3-2513
74S472
74LS165
2102-2
AY -5-101 3 /TMS601 NC
555
MC14412VL
LM339N
1N5400
1N4001
1N4148
IC61
220k
74LS139
DPDT Mains
SPST
7
3
2000 MHz
0000 MHz
MISCELLANEOUS
Case, DIL Reed Relay type 15005,
neon, 3A fuse plus holder, modulator (Astec
1E36), Full.ASCII Keyboard, 64 way
type 1
PCB plug and socket (optional) Type CS/CP64,
16 way inline PCB plug and socket Type
A23-16, 8 way inline PCB plug and socket
Type A23-8, edge connector to suit keyboard,
2 x 5 PIN DIN sockets, IC holders and heatsink
(at least 90 x 100mm-matt black)
PCB,
Power up again and get the

orientation or you may have
initialisation message. Try pressing
disastrous consequences with the
any key on the keyboard EXCEPT
power lines Different types of
PGIOLW or T and the computer
keyboards have different
should respond by saying INVALID
connections. We refer you to the
connection details supplied with your Press CONTROL C and the screen
should clear and re-initialise. Press
keyboard. The only comment we
is
the
RESET. When the button is released
specified
should make that
the same should happen. Try INT2
keyboard, and some others, give you
and the machine should, again,
an option for bit 6 of the data. One
reinitialise. When you try INT1 the
option gives you upper case
screen should clear without the
characters only while the other gives
message appearing. To get
both upper and lower case. This
application needs the latter. The strobe 'something back on the screen press
any keyboard key except those in the
is the static strobe which goes
"key character" message
to "1" as long as a key is depressed.
(P.G.I.O.L.W.T). You should, once
more, get INVALID. Depress
Procedure
CONTROL C once more and your
The specified keyboard does not
computer is re -initialised and ready
have any built in direct function keys
for test.
and these have to be provided by
separate push buttons. These have to
Program
be mounted on the front panel and
We must assume at this stage that
are used to provide RESET, INT1
you do not know anything about
(Clear Screen), INT2 (Reset without
programming so simply follow the
clearing memory), INT3 (Spare) and
ganged
instructions and check that you get
TAPE MANUAL OVERIDE
what is described.
with PAUSE (see descriptions
Depress P on the keyboard. You
elsewhere). The first four push
will get
switches all have a common ground
and are "push to make" with a
P
spring return. Use the Common lead
PROG START=
and the respective signal leads to go
to each of these switches. The fifth
(The computer is asking you to tell it
switch must be double pole "push to
the address of part of memory you
push to break". One pair of
make
wish to inspect)
contacts should take the special
Type in 0000 followed by carriage
"PAUSE" line to ground when it is
return.
on This line does not exist in the
The display will now show:
umbilical cord coming from the
board socket but must be soldered to
P
the end of R3 going to pin 3 of IC4.
PROG START= 0000
The other pair of contacts is
0000 31 (31 is the data in location
connected across the tape power
0000)
control pins of the respective DIN
Depress carriage return repeatedly
socket.
and you will get the following as you
You can make up all the above on
step through the Monitor program
flying leads to test the unit fully
instructions
before putting it into its cabinet.
PROG START=
0000 31
0000
0001 80
0002 14
0003 FB
etc
Reinitialise with CONTROL C and

then type L. The computer will again
ask you for a start address but this
time will list out the contents of 5
adjacent locations starting from that
address. We can use this to test that
our memory is there and working in
the RAM area.
Answer the computer with the
address 1600 and a carriage return
(if you make a mistake before you
press C R you can backspace with
CONTR OL H and change an entry
but you must then type through th e
rest of t he line on the screen). The
computer will list the contents
against the memory addresses and
then stop and ask for "MORE?". If
all is well you should see 00 in all
locations. To continue type Y and
keep doin g this checking all the
locations up to the highest order
RAM on t he board. Above that
address the computer will read FF
which indicates that there is no
memory there. If you see any data
above address 1 5FF that is anything
other than 00 or FF you can be sure
you have a bad connection to the
RAM IC which contains the data in
question. This test only holds true
immediately after first initialisation
and cannot be used if you have
attempted to write programs.
To get out of LIST type any
character other than Y and the
computer will reinitialise. Carry out
this or any of the other reset
procedures already described and
procede to check the G function. This
is to facilitate running a machine
code program. The computer will
acknowledge
1
RUN
PROG START=
(this means it is ready to run but

wants you to tell it from where in
memory it should get its first
instruction). Give it this information
by typing 02B9 followed by CR. You
will actually be running
re -initialisation program in the
Monitor which should just

acknowledge with
24
The Triton's board mounted in its case. Note that the extender socket is available on
the right hand side of the case and that the output of the modulator is brought out to
a UHF socket on the back panel. The back panel also carries the DIN
sockets and the
mains fuse.
FUNCTION? PG
O L
WT
You are now back where you

started so you can try typing W
which turns the computer into
nothing more than a video display
typewriter. You can type away to
you r heart's content test ing out all
the alpha numeric and g raphics
cha racters using the key sin
uns hifted, shifted, and c ontrol mode.
Do this while inspecting the coding
tables shown in the section
describing the VDU and get used to
the cursor move commands. Type a
full line of characters and adjust RV
for best line length. To get out of this
mode of operation use CONTROL C
or any of the other methods of
resetting.
The next test sees BASIC L4 1 in
action; depress T. The computer
acknowledges with
1
BASIC L4
OK
Type in NEW followed by CR to

make sure the memory is cle ared and
the compu ter re-acknowledg es with
the BASIC header. Very carefully
type in the following message line by

line with a CR at the end of each line.
Remember you can correct by
backspacing with CONTROL H
before you hit CR.
>10 FOR A=1 TO 10

>20 PRINT "HELLO"
>30 NEXT A
>RUN
You should not re-ty pe-the
"greater than" prompt signs
the
computer is prompting YOU with
these. When you press CR after
typing RUN we hope you will be
surprised
you have just written
your first program!
You can now b e pretty well
assured that your computer is
working correctly and it only remains
to test and adjust the Tape /O
circuits. This must be done in stages.
First check the Tap e Output
software. Connect an audio monitor
(simple amplifier or crystal earpiece)
between the 'Tape Out" socket on

the board and ground. You should
hear a continuous tone. Call up
BASIC by typing T and enter the
above program again. Once you have
done this get back to the Monitor
without erasing your BASIC program
- NOVEMBER 1978
PROJECT: Computer
(use CONTROL C). Now press O to
call up the Tape Output routine.
The computer will ask you for a
TAPE HEADER which can be
anything you like written in
alpha -numerics. Preferably do not

use a title longer than 20 characters
as you might run out of input buffer
space! We suggest you type in TEST
ROUTINE. Follow this with CR while
listening to the tone on the ear piece.
Nothing will happen on the VDU but
after a pause of between 5 and 6
seconds (longer if you are using a
master clock crystal lower than the
7 20MHz as specified) you will hear
about 1 second of regular high speed
pulses followed by a few seconds of
what can best be described as
"burble" (this is your program going
out). The burble will stop and you
will hear just the continuous tone you
heard at the beginning. After a
further 5 or 6 seconds the VDU will
confirm that the file has finished by
displaying END followed by the
re -initialisation heading
On A
Plate
Repeat this excercise but this time

connect a continuity meter across the
:ape power control sockets on the
ooard. (The manual overide switch
^gust be open circuit) While you type
n the tape header code the meter
should show that the relay is open
rcuit but as soon as you depress the
LR to start the operation the relay
=loses and stays closed until the VDU
:vpes END. It is obvious that the 5-6
second delay at each end of the
-autine is to allow a portion of blank
:ape to go by to reduce the chance of
ou overlapping files or missing the
_-art of the active tape at the
_eginning of a new cassette
You must now set the Baud rate
your system. The simplest way is
use a frequency meter connected
Adjust RV2 until the
= oin 3 of IC81
-,titer reads exactly 4800 Hz. A
.:ter way, and probably more viable
most constructors, is to use a
s:andard test tape It is better
, _ ause different tape recorders
ght operate at different speeds
a^c' ch would influence the play back
=cud rate of your system. This does
matter if you are only recording a
wing back your own programs but
.ou wish to use those from other
:.aces your overall system MUST
=_e -ate at 300 baud. Using a
_:a ---dard test tape calibrates your
_. =all system to 300 baud as
from the outside world
e
.
To carry out this test properly you

must have a master clock crystal
having a frequency greater than
4.5MHz otherwise the VDU may not
print out as fast as the data is coming
in from the tape. You must also enter
and sun a special machine code
program to facilitate the test. We will
not explain how the program
operates in this article except say that
it accepts any data on the tape and
displays it, verbatim, on the VDU. If
garbarge is received and decoded
garbarge will be printed. The test
tape contains the alphabet followed
by CR and Line Feed repeated many
times over a period of a few minutes.
All you have to do when the program
is running is set RV3 to its midway
position and adjust RV2 until you get
the alphabet reliably repeated on the
screen If, at the best setting of RV2
you still get the occasional bit of
rubbish try altering RV3 for best
sensitivity You should, of course, be
using the phono output from your
tape recorder but if you do not have
this use the extension speaker socket
with the volume set about 20% up
from minimum.
TRITON Trials
Carry out the following
instructions TO THE LETTER!
Initialise the computer with

P and enter the start
address for the program as 600.
For zero always use 0 and not o.
Press CR and location 600 will be
shown to contain 00 Now use the
memory change facility to start
writing your program. Simply type in
the following list of hexadecimal
instructions
each pair of digits
should be followed by CR. You will
end up with a column showing
address locations to the right of
which is a column showing what
was in that location (should have
been 00 in all cases) and to the right
of that the new data you have just
typed in When you have typed in the
complete list of instructions use
CONTROL C to re -initialise then type
600 (as
L and list from location
previously described) Check that the
codes in each location correspond
exactly with those in the published
program. Use CONTROL C to
re -initialise and then type G: Enter
600 without pressing CR at this
stage Make sure your tape recorder
RESET; type in
- NOVEMBER 1978
properly connected to the board

and switch on the recorder in PLAY
mode. Press CR and procede to
adjust RV2 as previously described.
You should see:
is
Monitor Manipulation
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
ABCDEFGH IJ KLM NOPQRSTUVWXYZ
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP etc
until the recording ends or you

switch off the tape recorder. While
this is happening your computer is
locked within a program loop and
you will not be able to get out of this
with CONTROL C. You will have to
use INT2 to re -initialise.
Here is the program you must type
in:
Address location Data you must enter
1600
CD
1601
27
03
1602
1603
604
605
606
607
608
1609
160A
160B
CD
1D
03
CD
13
00
C3
03
16
Your computer is now completely

set up and ready for use. You have
already been shown how to enter and
run simple programs in BASIC and
Machine Code Why not now read
the further articles in the Supplement
which will show you how to make
more full use of the TRITON. You
have made an extremely powerful
computer whose applications are
only limited by your own imagination
and the development of more
coupled
sophisticated software
with extender boards to give you
extra /0 functions (Floppy Disks,
I
Line Printers, extra Tape Recorders,

more Memory etc) Keep reading ETI
for further exciting applications and
developments.
The following pages contain the

circuit diagrams and descriptions
for the complete Triton design.

'How It Works' sections refer to
the diagram they accompany.
Computing Today carries an
article on using the Triton's
BASIC and a review of the
machine by John Coll.
A fuller description of the
Triton's monitor will follow in
next month's Computing Today.
25
PROJECT: Computer
CPU
+5V
OV
19
HDLA
OV
+5V
-5V
DBIN
12V
0-
25
20
26
11
27
28
29
RESET
_
INTE
%1
C19
47p
RDVIN
11
7.20MHi
38
n.
39
15
17
Al2
PAUSE
10
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6
C4
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17
D3
D4
C1
4
TO UART
PIN 21
= D2
SYNC
D5
136
D7
19
014
18
rAIS
HDLA
15-
NOTE; ADDRESS
LINE 1515
INVERTED!
10
-eM1
17
26
12
25
10
27
D-
M6Ni
19
CONTROL
IC10
BUS.
11
I
15
18
13
17
DB1I
16
11
28
064
naF
20
14
7
15
C9
DB7
nm
M
I
INTA
23
DBIN:-
6
7
13
22
C12 IS 74LS240
14
nrec
18
RE OOE ST)
13 IS 74LS00
13
IC6
9
IINir HOPI
T-1
3__I MEMR
21
NOTE:
C4 IS 8224N
C5 IS 80B0A
C9 IS 74LS245
C11 IS 74LS148
16
14
C6IS8228N
C7 8,10 ARE 74LS244
IC13a
Al?
Àl3
14
20
19
D8
INT
pl
AO
A10
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15V
HDLA
21
23
16
AND
EXTENDER
SOCKET
All
wu
17
74
DBIN
ADS
RUSE
A15
18
15
12
36
AB
A14
114
IC8
A13
20
13
37
14
ADRESS BUS
TO SYSTEM
AS
A9
90
12
A10
II
02 (TTL)
17
AB
A7
35
WAIT
11
A5
34
16
IC7
13
A4
33
AO
16
15
A3
32
18
A2
31
LINK, REMOVE FOR DMA
Al
30
10
20
AO
DATA
BUS
10
19
20
STATUS STROBE
1.
STATUS STROBE
(TO VDU CHANGEOVER LATCH)
16
B
R4
135
R6
137
RB
R9 R10 R11
20
ALL 140
PB2
10
18
3 16
5 14
12
CLEAR SCREEN
19
IO1
INT1
INITIALISE
0
O
15
ID
11
INT?
INES
T5
Nis
INT3ISPAR
TO KEYBOARD)
1)
I
ICiI
11
13
IC12
O
10
PB3
OV
2
3
4
The CPU section of the Triton.
the ncnslec clock oscillator which

contains divic er circuits to provide the two
I('.I
i:,
phase clock (,0 I and t2) for the 8080. You can
use different frequency crystals for Xl but the
ideal value is 7.20MHz and this value should
not be exceeded. Lower frequency devices
are fine but the system will operate propor tionally slower. If you put in a higher
frequency crystal not only will you run into
memory access time problems but the system
will be operating at a rate faster than the
VDU can handle. The Monitor program has
provided the maximum permissable print out
rate for a clock frequency of 7.20MHz.
A TTL compatible output of 02 is available
but not u sed on the main board; this is fed to

the extender socket. The chip also contains
gating circ uits to synchronise the externally
generated RDYIN command before feeding
this to the CPU. An internal S chmitt Trigger
on the reset input line (RESIN) allows a very
simple charge up circuit comprising R2 and

C20 to provide power on reset. Manual reset
is carri ed out by momentarily taking RESIN
to 0v olts via a push button. The clock
receives a feedback signal (SYNC) from the
CPU which is gated with 01 to give a
STATUS STROBE pulse at the precise moment the data busbars are carrying the status
byte. The pulse (STSTB) i s fed to the System
Control chip (IC6) to lat ch the status byte
and is also used by th e VDU to enable
Memory Mapping changeover
C19 discourages the crystals from harmonic operation. This shifts the operating
frequency by about l0l Ir. hut this is of no real
significance.
A description of th e inner workings of the
CPU (IC5) is beyond t he scope of this article.
It's general operati ons will however become apparent as this How It Works is read.
Note that certain wtputs (namely HDLA,
DBIN, INTE and WAIT) are taken to the
extender socket directly from the CPU.
These are unbuffered and account should be
taken of this if you expand the system Each
line will adequately drive a single 'I"i'L load
and maybe a handful if you use low power
devices.
The HOLD line going to pin 13 of the 8080 is
not used within the main board and is used to
carry a DMA request which, via the HULA
signal puts all the busbar buffers into a high
impedance state. This could facl itate a take
over of the complete memory of this system
by a peripheral device or, possibly, another
computer. Normally this line should be at
logic level "O" so we have hard wired it thus
with a board link. This link MUST be
removed, or a switch substituted, if use is
made of this line!
HOW IT WORKS
RDYIN is normally held at level "1". If
taken to "0" it causes the CPU to stop
operating Nothing happens as long as the
signal is ow and the contents o f all internal
registers within the MPU are maintained.
When the signal returns to "1" the MPU
carries on operating as if nothing had happened. By taking pin 3 of IC4 via a push
switch to ground we have a ready made
.
"PAUSE" control which will enable the

TRITON to stop in mid program; say, the
middle of long high speed VDU output to
inspect the screen.
The chances are very high that you will not
need RDYIN for external systems so the
feature could be built in permanently. Note
should be made that it is bad practice to have
a push switch hard wired to ground on this
line if at any time in the future you derive the
RDYIN signal from a gate. Press the button
and bang goes the output stage of one
innocent gate.
IC6 is an 8228N 8080 System Controller
which gates out the five main control busbar
signals from the status byte at the time of
STSTB and holds these on latches. The chip
also comprises a set of bi-directional buffers
for the data busbar; the direction of these
buffers is controlled by DBIN and their
outputs are disabled on the receipt of a DMA
request by the HDLA signal. We were not
happy that this buffer alone would be capable
of supporting a fully extended system hence
a further buffering stage in the shape of IC9
(74LS245). Like the System Controller the
latter chip is supervised by the HDLA and
DBIN signals. Integrity of any DMA request
is maintained on the data bus.
ICs 7 and 8 are uni -directional tri -state
buffers which should allow the address busbar to feed a fully extended system. Note that
we have inverted A15 prior to putting it on
the bus. By doing this we have been able to
economise on chip select decoding circuitry
elsewhere in the main board system. This
should present no problems to anyone working with extender boards provided that this
fact is remembered.
Remember, you must disable the push
switch in this mode, that is why we have
shown it dotted in and why Transam have
not built this facility into their PCB in an
obvious way. Why not use common sense
and make use of this extremely valuable
all that is needed is the cost of
facility
20cms of wire! You do not even need another
push switch because you can use a spare pair
of contacts on the Tape Control Manual
Overide. It does not normally matter if you
press this button provided the cassette

recorder is switched off with its own control.
IC11 is the Interupt Encoder which has
eight lines going in to it. These are normally
held high by pull up resistors R4 to R11. The
encoded three -bit nibble is output at pins 6, 7
and 9. If all the inputs are high all the outputs and status information. The MPU then
are high and a "0" is placed on the Enable operates on the interupt routine and returns
Output line at pin 15 (the latter is used to to its main program when it comes to an RET
Interupt Request instruction.
generate the INT signal
Interupt 0 should not be used even though
to the CPU). If any single input is pulled to
it is available on the PCB. It simply duplicates
0 volts, via the push switches or external
logic, an equivalent code to describe that line the manual reset operation but would create
number is output as the Interupt Data Nibble problems if used with the TRITON's Monitor
and pi n 15 goes high telling the MPU that an program. INTI is dedicated by the Monitor to
interu pt has been requeste d. The MPU will provide a Clear Screen and Reset Cursor
carry on operating until it reaches a peris- facility which can be carried out at any time.
sable point in it's cycle to service the inte- INT2 is also a dedicated function. The Monirupt. When this point is reached the MPU tor includes memory test facilites as part of
outputs an Interupt Acknowledge signal the power up routine and use of the reset
(INTA) through the status byte which is button will clear all memory. To by-pass this
decoded and latched by the System Control ler. This signal is used to activate the Output
Enable of IC12 (an eight wide tri -state inverting buffer) which formats the ID nibble to
make an eight bit Interupt Data byte which is

then accepted by the CPU as a RESTART
instruction. The program counter jumps to
the
one of eight fixed locations in memory
location is defined by the ID byte while the
STACK preserves all current register data
Photo of the
underside of a
section of the
Triton's PCB.
that
Note
although it appears that there

are no connectigns to some IC
pins ALL pins
must be soldered as these
pins are used on
the topside of
the board.
- -
problem we are using INT2 as a nondestructive reset which, as far as any programs that are running are concerned, is just
like reset and the system will re -initialise but
the memory will not be cleared. ALWAYS
use INT2 for reset unless one of your programs has corrupted the Monitors stat k!!
Only then should you pres s manual reset or
carry out a Power On Reset by swit switching
the machine off and on.
VDU
PROJECT: Computer
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C63
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C70 IS 745472
C72 IS 7415165
C73-79 ARE 2102
SPECIALLY PROGRAMED
110
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74LS163
C67IS74LS32
1'1,
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C61ISSFC96364
C62IS74LSR6
C68 IS 74LS374
C69 IS RO 3 2513
16
1069
a
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C53 IS 741574
C54 IS 745297
C55 IS 7L0132
C56 57,71 ARE 741.508
C58 IS 741500
C59 60,64,6566
ARE 74LS157
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13
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IC
18
VDU section of the Triton.
SYNC
HOW IT WORKS
IC61, the Thomson CFS VDU control in tegrated circuit, has a built in clock w hich
generates standard TV synchronisa tion
pulses (line and field sync) on pin 26..Ran dom
interlace is used and a simplified field sync
train is generated as opposed to the full CCIR
specification.
The chip, synchronously wit h this train of
pulses, generates addresses for the VDU
RAM so that the correct cod e of the character is selected as the TV raster spot is
traversing the respective part of the television screen. An external "Picture Point
Oscillator" (IC55c and d) in conjunction with
a divider chain (1063) sels the horizontal
width of a character and steps the address of
the control chip, output from pin 12(IC63) to
pin 9 (IC61). The inverted output of 1063 pin
15 is used to latch the data being addressed
by the controller into IC68 (a seven wide
latch), latch th e picture point pattern
generated by the character generator ROM
into the serialiser (IC72) and reset the picture
point divider chai n (IC63) at the end of each
character width.
The picture point width (hence the character width and number of characters per
line) is set by the frequency of the oscillator
control RV1.
We are using a 7 bit wide RAM to hold the
we need this to provide
FULL ASCII code
capacity for graphics. The outputs of the
latches feed both the standard alpha -numeric
character generator (IC69 and a specially

programmed ROM (IC70) which contains
picture point data for the 64 graphic symbols.

We use the EXCLUSIV E OR function
(IC62d) on bits 6 and 7 of the ASCII code to
select either the graphics or alpha -numeric
ROM. The select signals go through further
gating (ICs67a and d) to ensure that the
integrity of the cursor generating pulse (pin
15 of IC61) is not corrupted.
Three further address lines from the VDU

controller (pins 11, 12 and 13) address the
picture point data ROWS in both ICs 69 and
70 Due to a limitation caused by the internal
operation of IC61 chip the row address code
000 is output for the top row and the bottom
four rows of the character cell. Normally
rows 0, 8, 9, 10 and 11 are used to provide
inter line gaps for alpha -numeric displays
while rows 1 to 7 carry alpha -numeric picture
point data. We have had to take this into
account when designing the font of graphics
some of which cannot fill the
symbols
complete character cell rectangle on the
screen. Look at the table of graphics characters and you can see how we have adjusted the graphics to suit this restriction.
Further complications caused by this
limitation are that a graphic must not appear
on the topmost line of the television screen if
that graphic contains picture points in its
top row. IC61 requires there to be zeros
present here in order to deri ve field blan king.
This pr obiem could be ove rcome with extra

gating but this wou Id h ave been a t the
expense of simplicity.
A simi lar problem (inv olving line blanking)
is resolv ed by gating the video output with
the INI function (pin 2 6 of IC61) in IC71b.
Without this any graphics symbol having a
picture point in its most left hand column
would have caused a "wrap around" while a
line that interferes with the DC level of the
line sync pulse. The only problem that
remains in this respect is that you will now
get a single "extra" picture point showing to
the right of the 64th character down a line if
you use a graphic in the most left hand
position of a line. This does not happen with
only those that have picture
all graphics
points in their most left hand column.
The five outputs from the alpha -numeric
ROM are wire ORED with five of the eight
outputs from the graphics ROM and held

high via pull up resistors R22 - 26. They are
then fed to the correct positions in the
serialiser shift register IC72. Note that the
remaining three outputs from the graphics
ROM have to be ANDED with a signal defining wheth er or not the character is a
graphic (done by ICs71a, c and d). This is to
ensure that i f alpha -numerics are printed
there is a correct inter-character gap.
So far we have avoided talking about how
the VDU RAM is addressed by the control
chip. Let's deal with that now.
We are allowing the CPU to memory map
the VDU RAM. To do this we have had to
allow the MPU to take over addressing
control of the VDU RAM. This is done by
takin g all the address lines from IC61 and
their equivalents from t he system's busbar to
a set of data selectors (ICs64, 65 and 66). If
the MPU addresses the VDU memory location (any address between 1000H and 13FFH)
the block select line (MAP VDU) is activated.
This of course, could happen if ever the
address busbar went into a high impedance
state (during HOLD etc) so to prevent any

spurious pulses affecting the operation we
gate the VDU block select line with STSTB
which only occurs when valid address information is on the busbar. We do the gating in a
D type latch so that during the complete
cycle of a VDU memory map the data selec-
pulse to the VDU memory. This is to allow for

the very useful internal function provided by
the IC61 to clear the screen and reset the
cursor in one operation.
The VDU controller carries out a number
of non writing functions as well as entering
and addressing data within its memory. By
using some of the ASCII codes as control it is
possible to do such things as move the cursor
in steps to any position on the screen, reset
the cursor, carry out a line feed or do a
carriage return clearing only the unused
part of the line. There are also a couple of
control codes that we wish the VDU to
ignore 00H and O4H respectively these
are NUL (or no operation) and EOT ( end of
text) flags. Recognition of all these special
codes is carried out by the VD U CONTROL
ROM (C54). This has had to be specially
programmed for the TRITON.
To get best use from the TRITON an d its
VDU you need to know hexadecimal and
decimal values of all the ASCII codes tha t are
used to generate alpha -numerics, graphics,
and control characters. You also need to
know which of the keyboard keys correspond to each graphic character. To help you
we show all the graphics with their respective codes and key names in Fig. 00. Alphanumeric codes are shown in Fig. 00 and the
control codes in Fig. 00.
Normally you may output a character to
the VDU for printing in I/O mode every
8.3mS. The standard TRITON monitor errs
on the safe side and has a built in delay which
outputs a character roughly every 9mS. If
ever you write your own software you must
take this speed limitation into account. Furthermore there are two I/0 operations which
tors are set to allow the computer address

bus to be transmitted to the inputs of the
VDU RAM. At the end of that cycle and at all
other times the data selectors hand over
address control to IC61.
A similar transfer of responsibility takes
place between the normal i nput data to the
VDU(which ge tstoitviaan output port) and take a considerably longer tini:'these are
the main syste m data bus. In this case the "Clear Screen and Home Cursor" and "Home
data is selected by ICs59 and 60. These also Cursor". These instructions must be followed
receive their changeover instruction from by a delay of at least 132mS. Again the
the changeover latch IC53. Note that we also TRITON's monitor makes allowance for this
have to do a changeover between the inter- but you can get direct access to these funcnally generated memory write command (pin tions if you use eithe r the "PRINT CON17 of 1061) and the MPU's MEMW strobe.
TROL" or "VDU" cornmands which exist in
This is done within IC60.
BASIC L4.1. If you use these in BASIC you
It only remains to describe the gates on the MUST follow them with a delay loop having
VDUs internal data lines and IC54. The a time constant greater than 132mS. (In
former are used to force the ASCII code for practice we found that a 200 step "FOR
"Space" on to the data lines when pin 13 NEXT" instruction was quite safe.)
(IC61) is at "O" in coincidence with a writing
_ PROJECT: Computer
KBD PORT
TO TAPE
6:
I/O CIRCUITS
I
DATA BUS
DB OB DB DB DR DBDBDB
4
:e
m m
00
qp
000
23
Al
22
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A2
A3
A4
NOTE:
>..
11
IN PORT
C 14&19
C17&18 ARE 74LS139

C20 IS 74LSB2
C49 IS 74LS244
C50&51 ARE 74L0374
C52 IS 74LS75
013 IS 1N4148
LEGS 1-8 ARE LO35Y
OUT PORT 2 WART

DATA STROBE)
19
ARE 74LS32
C15 IS 74LS154
C16 IS 74LS138
WART STATUS)
20
=e:
C13 IS 74LS00
AA
21
=R_0:
IN PORT OIKE YBOARDI
AO
6]
OUT PORT3)LED)
aa
10
PORT) IUART RECEIVE

DATA ENABLE)
IN
FROM
SYSTEM
20
1B
19
2
BUS
OUT PORT 5(VDU)
16
17
4
OUT PORT 6 (SPARE)
C50
14
15
13
12
OUT PORT
(RELAY)
-R19
(ALL 1k0)
R12
12
10
READ BASIC' A
IC19
MONITOR ROM 10000-03FF1
13
12
C16
READ SPARE ROM
13
11
14
MAP VDU
10
00000000 0000
TO VDU
CHANGEOVER
LATCH
19
IC17n&h
16
16
BITS
B1T4
12
BIT3
BIT2
15
RITI
13
BIT6
10
11
BIT7
19
14
STROBE
9
1
15
20
RAM 1600-16FF (ICS 29,30)
za
BITO
BIT7
12
11
10
9
TO Cri IPIN 151

ON HIGH AND
LOW DATA RAMS
BIT7 PORTI
SPARE
3
PBS
DIL
REED
RELAY
The circuit for the I / O ports and
memory select.
PORT6
SPARE
OUTPUTS
MANUAL
OVERIDE
HOW
During an INPUT or OUTPUT instruction
cycle the MPU will generate the address of
the I/O port required on the least 8

significant bits of the address busbar This
has to be decoded to provide a single line

signal which will activate the port. It is not
sufficient to provide this address on its own
because there is no way that the port can
tell whether the select signal has come from a
genuine port select instruction or whether it
is the low order byte of a memory read/write
cycle. Furthermore there are times within
the machine cycle when the address busbar
can be in a transient, or high impedance state
which could cause indeterminate address
information to be decoded by the port select
circuits.
To prevent these problems and also to
differentiate between input and output ports
the decoded port line is gated with either the
I/OR or I/OW control line. One or other of
these lines goes to "O" after the ports
select address has been placed on the busbar
and terminates BEFORE the address data
changes. This pulse is of the correct duration
to strobe the I/O data on the data bus into or
out of the port in question. Take, for example,
the control of the Keyboard INPUT port. The
port itself is simply an eight wide set of
non -inverting tri -state buffers permanently
connected to the data bus.
Pins 1 and 19 enable the output of the port
when they go to level "O". Normally these
pins are at"1" and held there by the output of
IC13b and keyboard data cannot affect the
data bus. IC18b and 15, between them allow
16 lines to be uniquely decoded from address
bits 0 to 7. We only use 8 ports on the main
board so part of this facility is redundant
hence not all the outputs from IC15 are used.
IC18b is a 2 to 4 line decoder operating as a 3
input NAND gate. The reason for this is that
the device was one left over in a half used
package and its use avoided having to put in
an extra IC just for the sake of one 3 -input
gate. When address 00H is present on the
bus pin 1 of IC15 goes low which points to
Port 0 (the Keyboard). This signal is ORED
with I/OR by IC13c, d and b so when there is
coincidence IC49 receives "0" on pins 1 and
19. Whatever data is coming from the keyboard is transmitted on to the data bus and
then accepted by the CPU as genuine input
data. The reason for using three NAND gates
IT
WORKS
to provide the OR function is again to use

spare capacity in partly used ICs.
While on the subject of the keyboard port
some might question the use of only ONE
port for the keyboard instead of having a
second one to check the status. We get
around this apparent deficiency in the INCH
Keyboard Input) sub routine of the monitor.
Interconnections with the keyboard put the 7
bits of ASCII on bits 1 to 7 and instead of
parity we are using bit 8 to carry the keyboard strobe. Output port 3 works in similar
fashion. IC15 decodes its address on pin 4 and
IC14a ORs it with, in this case, I/OW. The
resultant pulse is used as a clock to the D
type latches within IC50. The data is entered
into the latches on the rising (trailing) edge
of the pulse. Using the trailing edge does not
matter here. There is just sufficient current
sinking capacity in a 74LS374 (IC50) to drive
a small LED direct through a 1k0 limiting
resistor. The byte of data is therefore transferred from the busbar to the latches and
displayed in binary fashion on the LEDs.
Note that the LEDs are illuminated when a
"0" is output.
The VDU, when operating in I/O mode, is
situated at PORT 5. This works in much the
same way as the LED port but we are using a
NOR gate to give a positive going port enable
pulse. Bits 1 to 7 carry ASCII data and bit 8
the VDU strobe which is formatted to have
the correct timing characteristics by the
OUTCH (VDU Output) sub -routine of the
Monitor program.
further output port was required to

switch the relay of the tape recorder power
control (to effect automatic starting and
A
stopping of the tape). Theoretically a single

bit port was all that was required but as
things turned out in the design this would
have required a new integrated circuit (there
were no spare latches left over anywhere
else!). Because of this it was felt sensible to
use a 74LS75 (IC52) which contains four
latches connected as two pairs. This way we
were able to provide a tape control signal to
the relay at pin 11 (the Q output of one latch)
by using data bit _ and this left a spare line on
that port (bit 7) which can be used by the
experimenter as an output line. The port to
call for this line is number 7. At the same time
the other pair of latches in IC52 are used as
OUTPUT PORT 6 which comprises bits 7 and
These are also spare.

As we've moved on to the subject of tape
control take note that there is a push button
switch connected across the relay contacts
This is to allow manual override so that the
cassette recorder can be rewound etc. under
manual control without having to unplug the
remote control lead. See the relevant section
for more details about the serialiser I/ O ports
and MODEM for the tape recorder.
The memory of TRITON comprises four 1K
blocks of ROM, one 1K block of VDU RAM
and twelve 256byte blocks of Read/Write
RAM. The high order addresses are used to
decode individual lines which enable each
block while low order addresses point to a
specific location within the previously decoded block.
8.
STROBE PULSE
IC16 is a 3 to 8 line decoder but we are able
to use it to decode, uniquely, eight individual
blocks of IK from the six most significant
addres s lines. This is made possible by using
A15 in inverted form and the internal gated
Select inputs of the 74LS138. The tour lowest
order selected lines correspond to memory

blocks which start at 0000H, 0400H, 0800H
and OCOOH respectively and these hold the
MONITOR. BASIC "A", and BASIC "B" read
only memories. The block starting at OCOOH
is a spare block reserved for ROM expansion.
The line decoded at pin 11 of IC16 addresses
the block of VDU RAM and the remaining
three lines are fed to three 2 to 4 line decoders
ICs 17 and 18a along with address bits A8 and
A9.
The latter three decoders break down the
remaining 1K blocks into 12 blocks

each
containing 256 bytes. Each of these 12 lines
goes to a specific pair of random access
memory integrated circuits that form the
main work area of the computer.
Except for the ROMs, gating with MEMR
and MEMW is carried out within the
memories themselves. The 2708 read only
memories only boast a chip select input and it
is necessary to gate the MEMR co ntrol signal
with each of the chip select lin es prior to
making connection with the appropriate pin.
This gating is carried out by the q uad 2 input
OR gates contained within IC19.
STROBE PULSE
STROBE
NC
+5V
NC
NC
PARITY INVERT
PARITY
NC
B7
NC
B6B
NC
B6A
NC
B5
NC
B4
NC
B3
GND
B2
-12V
B1
STROBE
DATA & STROBE

INVERT
vn
W
O
The connection details for the keyboard

recommended for the Triton.
-17V
01
02
TA PE I/O
+6V
RECEIVED
DATA
o
o
R33
lk
12
TI
03
0
o
10
34
D4
38
D5
o
o
37
70
!ti
D6
D7
16
11
C29
ICfl2
26
SERIAL IN
15n
fSERIAL Our
11
R30 4447
r-" ANA-y
27
IC80
28
TRANSMITTED
DATA
29
1q,
N3
31
40
113B
Ik
IC 81
13
14
ROk2
OR
15
22
39
1
16 23 18
151.
AVO
RATE
C25
15n
NOTE:
IC80 IS AY 51015
IC8115555
STATUS WORD ENABLE

DATA STROBE
IOUTPUTI" RFCEIvEn Harn FNnBLE

PORT 4
E)
(RECEIVE
DATA)
IANO RESET DATA

AVAILABLE FLAGI
4k7
li
DAV
FE
FROM
TAPE
PHONO
R39
1000MN
32
TBMT
SENSITIVITY
R34
30
PE
15n
R41
220k
C30
38
08 o
STATUS
BITS
PROJECT: Computer
c3T
..
IC82 IS MC14412VC
IC8315 LM339N
01-3 ARE BC148
I
4]
'
S
I
COMMON
TO
TAPE
The tape I / 0 section of the Triton system.
HOW IT WORKS
The AY -5-1013 Universal Asynchronous
Receiver transmitter features tri -state outputs for received data and all status bits. Note
that respective bits of the data in and data
out terminals of the chip are communed
together before joining the TRITON'S data
bus. The Status bits of the UART are similarly commoned with the DAV (Data Available) bit tied to bit 1 on the bus; PE (Parity
Error) to bit 2; FE (Framing Error) to bit 3;
OR (Over Run Error) to bit 4 and TBMT
(Transmitter Buffer empty) to bit 5. Note
however that TRITON's standard Monitor
only samples DAV and TBMT.
The DAV and TBMT flags are used to tell
the system when the UART has received and
has ready a complete byte of new data or
when the UART has finished a current
serialising cycle and is ready to accept a new
byte for transmission. In actual fact the
(TART will accept a second byte while it is
still transmitting the first dur to the double
burble fug nature of Itu transmitter buffer.
should be set on a frequency meter.

In order to transmit data the TRITON
Monitor first checks to see whether the
UART transmitter buffer is empty by
activating the STATUS WORD ENABLE
which is. in effect. PORT 1. This places the

status word on the data bus and the MPU
checks to see whether bit 5 (TBMT) flag is at
"1". If so it indicates that the UART is ready
and the Monitor then outputs its data on to
the busbar while activating the DATA
STROBE (PORT2). DATA STROBE starts the
transmission serialising cycle and the serial
data is output to the MODEM (IC62) at pin
25. If the TBMT flag was at "0" the Monitor
goes into a loop and waits until the UART is
ready.
In order to receive data the MPU asks for
status information. again through input port
I but this time checks bit
(the Data Available flag). This goes high as soon as a complete serial byte has been received and formatted Into parallel form in the HART'S
1
byte of data is received. Clearly the software

The MODEM interfaces directly with the
cycle. which carries out this operation. UART and only needs a crystal and resistor
MUST have a shorter loop period than the to lock it to the correct frequency pairs. it is
period between one received byte and the most important that a crystal of exactly
next otherwise overrun errors will occur.
1.0000MHz is used here otherwise you will
The Motorola single chip MODEM seemed
not be able to use pre-recorded tapes! The
highly attractive from the word go as it is transmitted carrier of the MODEM is an eight
extremely economical on external com- level digitally synthesised sine wave of about
ponents and needs no adjustment.
300mVrms which is buffered by TRI before
The MCI4412VL is such a versatile chip
being fed via C27 to the tape recorder phono
that it was again difficult to decide which input.
mode it should be used in. Eventually, in
To carry out a demodulation satisfactorily
order to have a frequency pair that would the MODEM IC requires a very precise unity
give best reliability with most tape recorders mark/space waveform at pin 1. The tolerance
and to allow the MODEM to receive at up to
on the mark/space ratio has to be better than
600 baud (not that this is used at present) we
4%. If the carrier being played back from
opted to go for the USA standard"originate"
the recorder carries any harmonic distortion
mode in which the transmitted frequency this will result in an asymmetric sinusoid
pair is:
which will be difficult to convert to a square
MARK ("I")= 1,270 Hz
wave of the above specification. To further
SPACE ("0") 1,070 Hz
purify the sine wave it is amplified and
Cl early we need to be able to demodulate
filtered by Q3. To some extent the input
he same. pair of frequencies so have to
sensitivity can be adjusted by RV3 but under
Ire
toimai iif xilllecllserl dal))
In
ItI
1N Ih
e1
luu Il y 1111 and 2

Irll, h dol el lulls,
I All
I1I' lilln heir nie (n(11),(11111(41 411 sr iule ul'
300 baud net by the clock comp'cang1 h UM
NE 555). Baud rate is adjustable by about
50 terrent by means of RV2 and, of course.
It is important that this is accurately set if
u 'r
uullnll lull lion he MI'11 will loop until lulu

rundll Ion In nrrl, When the Hag goes Iu "I'
Ihr MI'll uses purl 4 tu send a "Received
Data Enable" strobe to the UART. This
enables the outputs of the receiver buffer
latches and places the data byte on the
system busbar. To prevent the system reacting a second time to the same DAV flag the
pulse from port 4 is also used to reset DAV
which then stays low until a co mpletely new
tapes from other sources (recorded in

TRI'l'ON's format) are to be played back. To
obtain a rate of 300 baud the oscillator must
run at precisely 4800 Hz and ideally this
opta ale lu Simplex mode hence pins 2, Ill and

14 uI' IC82 are allowed to be 1". Internal pull
up resistors within the chip do away with the
need for external pull ups hanging on these
pins! Pin 2 actually is the "Self Test" control
input which makes the MODEM's receiver
demodulate the same frequency pair that is
being transmitted. Keeping this active pre vents any ambiguity as to whether one is
"originating" or "answering".
normal circumstances (within the range of

input vol tages mentioned above) this should
always be set in its mid -point position. The
high puri ty sinewave at the collector of Q3 is
fed to IC 83 which is a zero crossing comparator which will sense the zero crossing of a
sine wave to within about 3mV. With a good
input signal this results in a square wave that
more than adequately meets the input

specification of the MODEM.
PSU
C4 -C13
TALL 4711)
ut
G,
CI
IIWF.
M
CM,
T
0
p
O
IN
1.,
Uhat
The power supply

section of the Triton is
based on three terminal regulators.
Tll]
nab.
1
p
N",
NM
-12V
o,o,
A close-up photograph of the PSU. Note the orientation of the IC
o"
1
regulators.
N12,5
HOW IT WORKS
THE POWER supply has been kept as simple
as possible, utilising three IC regulators to
provide the main rail supplies which are +5
V at 3 A (the TRITON does not draw all this
but do not rely on there being any to spare if
you arc thinking of hanging any other bits
and pieces on this line!) + 12 V at 0.5 A and
-12 V at 0.5 A. A few milliamps are needed
V and this is
by the ROMs and the 8080 at
catered for by a simple zener shunt off the
-12 V rail
The 12 V rails are straightforward. Dissipation by the regulators is low and no heat
-5
sinks are necessary. The 470n capacitors on

the outputs of the regulators are to prevent
any parasitic oscillations. Note that the + 5 V
rail has a dozen 47n capacitors (C3 to C14)
shunted across it. These are anti -spiking

devices and have been placed in strategic
places on the board.
To avoid excessive dissipation in the main
+5V regulator (ICI) we decided on a
specially wound mains transformer, hence
the rather obscure specification for an 8.25 V
winding.
NEW ITEMS
ALMA Min. PUSH BUTTON REED SWITCHES. High
reliability 18
27
extra.
18mm, Ideal for KEYBOARD 50p ea P&P
MOTOROLA MC 4028 60p ea.

MOTOROLA MC 7441 40p ea.
IC 7402 12p 'ea
MINIATURE FANS 3 square (like muffins) 115V E5
75p.
HONEYWELL HUMIDITY CONTROLLERS 25p
BARREL TYPE X -Y
PLOTTER ASSEMBLY
X-Y
170V Stepping Motor Provision for

Pen (Pen pot supplied) AS PICTURE
ea. With alternative motor for
n on reversible
renal -emotes
rot order printer anplic a bum eve E48
e a. Web Pen and Paper guides 78.
W'th Pen Sprocket end Paper guides
ERA. Other voltage options available
P&P all units E2 50.
ASSEMBLY
STEPPING MOTORS ONLY
PLOTTER ASSEMBLY
X
Motors as used in plotters etc All

motors 200 steps per revolution 20
inch torque 120V 1000-0-1000
ohm Can be changed with care to
12/24V Data supplied E8 ea P&P
E1
Supplied for 12 /24V operation
& Y
assemblies (No pen but provfseonl
Bed size 12'x9

Motor options
2PS only E43.46 ea. 20V Icon be
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1
24V E70.40 ea.

1'&P all versions E2 50
17
all tubes
17.50 ea; 14963 (75 ea. Brimar D13-51GH, 65

D10 -2100H/ 32 40ca D 13-46GM,35 ea.
ea;
NOT BOXED NEW WARRANTED. Telefunken D14-131

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SM112 and GEC/MOV 1474 at 55 ea.
13
ea P&P E1
Just think about the uses!
* TRANSISTORS/DIODES/
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3.25
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20 ea; D52 15 ca 93 1, 10 ea, Bradley 200, 85 ea,
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Markings
At 5p each
BC147; 2N3707, BC172B; BC251B; BC348B;
BC171A/B; BC413; D10; BAX13; 1N937;

BA102BE, BZX83;TIS61, 2N5040
At 10p each
1N4733A; SN7451N; BYX10-15KV
BYZ10 15p ea. TIP34A
BUILD YO UR OWN
B US
Approx. 11/2 metro moll. way 1.ti1.00 cable : erminated each end
with a 50-wa y tomato ed ge connerent Take s 0.1 printed circuit
board 2 ea. P&P 75p
afford to miss
ea.
1/2"
36A;
- - 0
ea;
N4436T-T03 Flat mount 10A
200pw f1 ea 2N5879 with 2N5881 Motorola
150W Comp, pair f2.
BD535; BD538 Comp. pair 75p.
Linear Amp 709
25p ea.
1
FINNED HEAT SINK

single T03
size 43/4in x
3in x 1%in 50p ea P&P 75p
Texas Bridge Rectifier 5SB05-50V 5A 60p ea
P&P 20p.
MOTOROLA POWER TRANSISTORS type
W0993/441. T03 Min voltage 500. 20p ea P&P
15p.
BFY51
MAG TAPE
1,500 ft Now 20p each P&P
Approx
E3.25.
40p ea:
TBA560C0 2
P&P Extra on all items
TELETYPE ASR33 with 2Oma loop. Good condition Special
low price 395
TIP31B12pea
-
NOW
INCREASE AREA GIVEN TO
PICK -A -PACK AT 50p per lb
Large volume of new components you can
50p ea BD538
40p
Heavy Duty Bridge Rectifier
20p ea.
CA3123E
1 ea. BDY55
1 ea. 2N3055
ea
BU208
- 12p
20
E1
ea P&P
15p
for 1. Carr
17cm at 12
CABLE NEATERS
neaten up your wire on a
chassis with these push -on clips. 10 for 20p 100
for E1.50. P&P extra.
PLESSEY VDU. No keyboard

weird electronics E60 ea
TELETYPE KSR33 from E275 each
Limited quantity of 35R0
20ma loop
can be changed to
ASC1 1 code (3 hours' simple work and El 0 parts) OUR PRICE
EXCLUDING PARTS REQUIRED E70 ea
TELEPHONES. Post Office style 746 Black or

two-tone 6.50 ea Modern style 706 Black or
two-tone grey 4.50 ea P&P El each Old black
Ex -Ministry
style 1. P&P 75p
E1
Or
FOR THE VDU BUILDER tube M28-13GH 23

Base connections supplied
n char per sec E50 each

Teletype Punches 8 level
AMPEX TM7. Nice condition 225.
Polished Wooden Cases to take normal CA ERTY KEY BC4R DS
or can be carefully cut to take any size 3 each P&P E" 5C
74500
12p
5p
12p
12p
7401
74S02
74SO4
74510
7417
74538
5p
14p
10p
5p
7451
74H51
7p
5p
7453
74H 74
74574
75325
Memory Core Drivers 600ma capability Fast
uses. RIDICULOUS at 1 ea.
75453
Dual Peripheral or Drivers 75p ea
12p
12p
Orne -
1.75 each Older
TELEPHONE EXCHANGES.
o
exchange oriV x-om E95.

_ Cacao tors 10
> '000` -eec r^

'sc
Eg
15 way
for 30p.
P&P
HIVAC
- a -..e \EC\S Apo 60`. Brauo New 10
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GRATICULES ' 2 e ' =c- - c^ qua.uy plastic 15p
ne x
LARGE RANGE OF ELECTROSTATIC VOLTMETERS. From 2-300\' 2 3, to 20KV max

0e -e -n 5 ..e 5K0 3'r 5 Thereafter1 per KV.
yo -c
DON'T FORGET YOUR MANUALS. S A E with
rec.. 'e^rerts
AUDIO AMPLIFIER BOARD. Size 41/2 x 21/2 Output pan

P31 s Circuit supplied 1.50 ea. P&P 30p
BURROUGHS 9 Met PANAPLEX numeric display 7 segment

n ; P d.;,,.' wen n.d bezel With data
1.95 ea P&P 30p
MINIATURE NIXIE TUBE type Ti'I 587051 Digit size 0 S
'A .re 'rite
509 ewe P&P 20p 4 for 1.75 P&P 35p
TRANSFORMERS I (5V AC meut Secondary 30v and 2 Tisi
10VA 50p ea P&P 50p
21 -WAY SELECTOR SWITCH. Singlet paler with reset cot'
240V AC cods Adddornl switch contacts for auto inset en:
E1.45 ea P&P 75p
As ABOVE woh adddional 240V relay on base plate and full black
plastie came E2.45 ta PIP It 50
SNAIL BLOWER 110V AC 500 MA Brand new by AWldw
Developments Curet and very good looking E2.50 ea P&P El
POTTER & BRUMFIELD 1B.4BV DC Relay 3 pole e'er Heavy
Our
Plug-in r'pe with base 50p ea P&P 25p
MINIATURE KEYBOARD. Push contacts. marked 0 el and e -F
and 3 user definable keys 1.75 ea P&P 35p
MULLARD CORE LA4245 at 15p ea P&P 10
P
CLARE REED RELAYS 74V DC Coil Single pole make. Size
l'4'
x 7
16
7' 16
at
25p
P&P 10p.
ea
ROTRON CENTAUR FANS. Size 4 5 x4 5"x1.5 115V

5 -blade 4 ea P&P 75p
Min. PLUG-IN type RELAYS. Plastic covers 2 -pole c/o 24V
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CROUZET/MURTEN SCHWEIZ MOTORS. 110V 50HZ 4
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FRAMCO MOTORS. 115V 50HZ Inpu t single phase 1/12th
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P YE DYNAMICS THICK FILM 1M NZ
Clocking Osc. 5V
Sire 19 x25 x6mm Grives one 771.load 72p
ea. P&P
Supply
p
OM PRESSOR UNIT. Compact. 115V 50HZ single phase

5A continuous 1425 rpm. Outside piston housing approx. 3".
18 ea P&P E2
MAGNET IC DEVICES. Plug-in RELAYS 240V AC. 3 -pole c/o.
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equipment NOT USED. 3 on sub assembly 2.50. P&P f1 or
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SMALL MAINS TRANSFORMER 240V Pr, 12V f1f1MA ear
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G.I. BRIDGE RECTIFIER type W01 (idea for above) 17p ea.
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MULLARD TUNER MODULES with d ate,
LP1 171 comb nod AM/FM IF strip 10.7MHZ. 3.50 ea
LP1 179 FM Iron t end with AM tuning and 87 4MHZ to
104 5W -12 100.0g 10.7MHZ IF 3.50 ea. P&P 50p each unit.
The Pale 5.75 P8 P 75p
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ferrite cores 3-T03 power transistors, caps, resistors, high
1
style 1 50 each P&P El

HANDSETS only 706 style
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oz
51.15 ea.
OSCILLOSCOPE TUBES
25p.
SPRAGUE 100mfd +500mfd 210VDC working Brand new 5
for 50p. P&P 50p,
REE D SWITCHES. Sub.min Sae 20mm 10p ea
SMI THS encapsulated Iranststorised AUDIBLE WARNING
DEV ICES 4V -12V Can be driven front TTL 50p no
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- NOVEMBER 1978
ETI BOOK SERVICE

mumB EGINNERS
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Beginners Guide to Electronics s,irnn- 2 65

Beginners Guide to Transistors Rednhouwh 2 65
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Test Instruments for Electronics M Citrerd 2 40
Electronic Measurement Simplified c Hedma,k 2 20

Electronics Self Taught -v.n, 4 40
15
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Understanding Electronic Circuits
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INSTRUMENTS
Working With the Oscilloscope A saonder.1 95

Servicing With the Oscilloscope C Kni560
Radio Television and Audio Test Instruments Ong
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Beginners Guide to Radio K In, 63 15

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Rapid Servicing of Transistor Equipment King2 95

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Basic E lectromc Test Procedures M couiFu E2 45
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50
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TV Typewriters Cookbook 7 40
CMOS Cookbook 8 00
TTL Cookbook 7 55
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Communication Systems Intro To Signals & Noise a
Digital Signal Processing Theory & Applications o Rse rer 23 80
Keonedr
E8
50
Electronic Communication Systems s
20 40
Frequency Synthesis. Theory & Design
Principles of Communication Systems n r.run 8 10
i
APPLICATIO NS
420
Advanced Applications For Pocket Calculators
Build Your Own Working Robot D He=ean 3 55
Electronics and Photographs K er.un 2 30
Fire and Theft Security Systems a s. el, 2 00
How To Build Proximity Detectors and Metal Locators oh. m.3 35
2 10
How To Build Electronics Kits I
Linear Integrated Circuit Applications c CAnon 5 40
Function Circuits Design & Applications aorr, N.,o.n 15 95
110 Electronic Alarm Projects K m M.,.rn 3 45
110 Semiconductor Projects for the Home Constructor e M Marion 3 25
110 Integrated Circuit Projects for the Home Constructor e M ornino E3 25
110 Thyristor Projects Using SCRs k M M.,,.a,n 2 95
Handbook of IC Circuit Projects A.he 2 30
Practical Electronic Project Building Am.oe ,nd t o11 s 2 45
mmITHEOR
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65
C.
zamREFER ENC
Transistor Tabelle (Includes physical dimensions) 4 10

Electronic Engineers Reference Book (Ed 4) t w wirer 27 70
Solid State Circuit Guide Book a Ward 2 25
Electronic Components ri A C,lweu 245
A c iwrn 2 45
Electronic Diagrams
2 30
Indexed Guide to Modern Electronic Circuits
International Transistor Selector r A rdwerr 5 25
International FET Selector o r.wer,E4 35
Popular Valve/Transistor Substitution Guide E2 25
R a dio Valve and Semiconductor Data A m ea 2 60
Master Transistor/Integrated Circuit Substitution Handbook
World Radio TV Handbook 1978 (Station Directory) 8 00
Radio, TV and Audio Technical Reference An=24 85
TV Technicians Bench Manual (New Ed) a gis rR 5 10
HI - FI
Audio Handbook t, Ksn5 E6 50

Cassette Tape Recorders os. 5 25
Solid State Colour TV Circuits t3 R \4amnr: 635
Hi-Fi Loudspeakers and Enclosures r hen E8 20
How To Build Speaker Enclosures aadm,neii E3 10
Master Hi-Fi Installation Kink E2 80
i
S1
LO GIC
5 10
Logic Design Projects Using Standard ICs a Lxt
a,1230
Practical Digital Design Using ICs
-9 05
Designing With TTL Intergrated Circuits Tes:-..
How To Use IC Circuit Logic Elements - --. -- f3 65
1
110 COSMOS Digital IC Projects for the Home Constructor
- f3 90
Understanding CMOS Integrated Circuits
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MOS DIGITAL ICs c: FLSn f4 60
E5
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7 70
390
Practical Solid State DC Supplies - o ,
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2 45
Pnnted Circuit Assembis 7.4--..S1
amCOMP UTING
Microprocessors and Microcomputers i, >noq 10 00
Microprocessors u , Mini,.. 8.40
5 90
introduction to Microprocessors
Modern Guide to Digital Logic (Processors, Memories and Interfaces)
Introduction to Digital Filtering e.,gner E9 40

Transistor Circuit Design rrx., notmoen,.9 35
Essential Formulae for Electrical and Electronic Engineers
Modern Electronic Maths amrn,rd 6 70
Semiconductor Circuit Elements u io<sr. 6 40
Foundations of Wireless Electronics M s\rnKkse E4 45
Colour Television Theory wd.o, E6 20
4 30
maOP-AMP S
Applications of Operational Amplifiers croe,n, (Kn. Rroom E8 30
Designing With Operational Amplifiers aorr Rrosn 1375
Experiments With Operational Amplifiers con inn E3 40
110 Operational Amplifier Projects for the Home Constructor R M
Operational Amplifiers Design and Applications o Taber, (Barr a,nwn, E7 40
E4 00
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TODAY INTERNATIONAL
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35
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Name
- NOVEMBER 1978
VENUS
PROBE
Venus, the shrouded planet of Edgar Rice
Burroughs and Ray Bradbury. has fascinated
men and telescopes for many decades. It
was the favourite choice to house monsters
and the scientists' choice for life of a more
mundane type. Conditions are not that favourable. however, but are still interesting
enough to warrant the launch of the Multiprobe which should tidy up some of the
mysteries remaining.
Fig. 1. The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe spacecraft;
model is shown.
THE TWO Pioneer spacecraft should reach Venus

around the end of this year, being sceduled to rach orbit
on the 4th December. One of these probes, known as the
Orbiter', will circle the plant for at least one Venusian
year. It will collect data on the upper atmosphere of the
planet (including field strengths and the types of particle
present) and will also record events occuring on a global
scale on or around the planet over a fairly long period of
time.
The other spacecraft will consist of a transporting
vehicle, known as a 'Bus', which will convey one large
orobe and three small probes to Venus. All five parts of
this spacecraft will enter the Venusian atmosphere at
widely separated points and will transmist data back to
earth. The four probes will fall to the surface of the
olanet and should provide much information about the
ower atmosphere at four widely separated points.
Although Venus is our closest planetary neighbour. it
of
s always covered in very thick cloud: our knowledge
this planet is therefore very limited. especially as regards
's lower atmosphere. The early probes have shown that
venus has a high surface temperature and an
atmospheric pressure nearly one hundred times that of
the earth, but a great deal of work remains to be carried
out. It is expected that the two Pioneer spacecraft will
ncrease our knowledge of this planet by a factor of
about ten. They will also greatly increase our knowledge of the solar system and are expected to provide
-much information which will add to our theories about
the origin of the earth.
Pioneering Spirit
-ne Pioneer missions were conceived as long ago as
1970 as a result of recommendations made by the
Space Science Board of the US National Academy of
- NOVEMBER 1978
thermal test
who decided that there is a need for relatively

low cost orbiter and probe landing systems for Venus
the
investigations. Overall responsibility and control of and
mission has been given to the National Aeronatuic
MofSpace Administration (NASA) Research Centre at
fett Field, California.
The Hughes Aircraft Company gained a contract to
manufacture both space vehicles for the Pioneer mission
in February 1974 after a series of competitions which
started in 1972. The scientific instrument payloads were
inselected in June 1974, thirty instruments being
cluded on the list. The spacecraft will be launched on top
of Atals SLV-3D Centaur D-1AR rockets from Cape
Canaveral, Florida. The vehicle tracking, command
signal transmission and data reception will be carried out
in
by the established US Deep Space Network stations
Australia.
California, Spain and
The Multiprobe Mission

The Bus: the large probe and each of the small probes
include payloads of scientific instruments. The
Bus will be destroyed by burn-up in the Venusian

atmosphere after its two instruments have transmitted
data back to earth. It is, perhaps, somewhat surprising
that work on the atmosphere and weather on Venus is
expected to teach us more about the weather on earth.
The multiprobe vehicle is a circular, spin -stabilised
craft with an array of solar cells around its exterior. The
large probe will examine the atmosphere surrounding
the planet, measuring the clouds, the atmospheric

composition, etc. The three identical small probes will
separate and enter the atmosphere some 7.000 miles
apart two of them on the dark (night) side. They will
collect information on the general circulation of the
lower atmosphere
37
Structure
The structure of the multiprobe unit is shown in the
exploded view of Fig. 2. The cylidrical solar panel is
2.54 m (100 inches) in diameter and 1.22 min length.
The equipment shelf if 2.47 m in diamter, the electronic
units and the scientific instruments being mounted on
this shelf.
The large probe is at the centre of the spacecraft on an
inverted conical structure, whilst the three small probes
are symetrically placed around the main probe. Each
probe is fixed by spring loaded clamps which can be
released (pyrotechnically) about 20 days before the craft
arrives at Venus so that the five sections move independently.
The probe weight, including the interfacing connection with the launching vehicle. is designed to be 920
kg. Great care has been taken in the thermal design of
the craft to ensure that the temperature is kept between
suitable limits; heaters and thermal blankets are in cluded and appropriate materials with suitable thermal
properties are used.
The control system employs a sun sensor and a solid
state sensor which can detect the radiation from 24
stars. The vehicle contains two tanks which will be filled
with 32 kg of liquid hydrazine propellant. When this
liquid is allowed to pass into a chamber containing a
suitable catalyst, it decomposes into nitrogen and
provides a thrust of about 0.5 kg as a jet for controlling
the spacecraft's trajectory, attitude and spin rate.
The power for the spacecraft is obtained from the
cylindrical array of solar cells which has an area of just
over 6 square metres. This provides 228 W when the
spacecraft is near the earth, but extra power can be

obtained for a limited time from two 7.5A -hr nickel cadmium batteries. The solar cells and batteries provide
a 28 Vsu pply; overload protection and undervoltage
detection circuits are included in the power supply
system.
Command signals are transmitted from the Deep

Space Network ground stations to the Bus at 4 bits!
second using pulse code modulation or frequency shift
keying. The electronic on -board equipment can store
command instructions for execution at some later time.
Six command output modules on the equipment shelf
can distribute 384 pulse commands and 12 quantitative
(or analogue) commands to scientific instruments and to
the spacefraft units. Commands from the earth stations

modulated onto a 2115 MHz carrier wave are received
by the spacecraft transponders.
Data for transmission to the ground is convolutionally
encoded, assembled into 8 bit words in a 64 -word frame
and modulated into a data stream. Eight data input
modules on the equipment shelf can receive the signals
and establish up to 253 data channels with the telemetry
processor for transmission to earth.
The data is transmitted on a 2300 MHz beam at a
power of 10 or 20 W using one of three antennas and a
data rate of between 8 and 2048 bits /second. The
antennas corn prise two omnidirectional ty pes (forward
and aft) to p rovide spherical coverage at both the
transmit and receive frequencies toge ther with a
medium gain horn antenna at the aft end o f the craft.
LARGE PROBE
PROBES
SUPPORT
Fig. 2. An exploded view of the Multiprobe unit
STRUCTURE
SMALL PROBE
Fig. 3. The large probe
with shield and pressure vessel
SOLAR PANEL
CYLINDER
AFT
COVER
EQUIPMENT SHELF
PRESSURE
VESSEL
SHELF SUPPORT STRUTS

RADIAL THRUSTERS
CENTRAL THRUST TUBE
MODULE
PROPELLANT TANKS
AXIAL THRUSTERS
WIDEBEAM OMNI ANTENNA
38
am INDICATES
COMMONALITY
HEAT SHIELD/
AEROSHELL
STRUCTURE
- NOVEMBER
1978
FEATURE: Venus Probe

Fig. 4. An exploded view of the Orbiter spacecraft
LOG CONICAL SPIRAL
OMNI ANTENNA
HIGH GAIN
BAPTA
SOLAR PANEL
SUBSTRATE
ANTENNA
BAPTA
Fig. 5. Trajectory of the Muliprobe unit on its
SUPPOR T
flight to Venus.
STRUCTURE
EQUIPMENT
SHELF
TH
VENUE AT
LAUNCH
AT
DAYS
AFTER
LAUNCH
20
NUTATION DAMPER
RF, DIGITAL, AND
POWER UNITS
SUN
TO
AFT OMNI
40
ARIES
STAR SENSOR
SUN SENSOR
RADIAI THRUSTERS
CENTRAL
THRUST TUBE
PROPELLANT TANKS
SHELF SUPPORT
STRUTS
VENUS AT
12 LONGERONS
100
ARRIVAL
9 DEC 1978
116
AXIAL
THRUSTERS
ORBIT
INSERTION
MOTOP
To Boldly Go
..
IS
The launching vehicle will place the multiprobe spacecraft into an earth parking orbit about 167 km above the
earth where it will remain for 18 to 23 minutes before
adopting the interplanetary trajectory shown. The

spacecraft will initially be spinning at 5 RPM, but it is
expected that contact with the ground station at Can-
the
berra will occur within four hours from launch and
rate of revolution will then be increased to 15 RPM by a
command from the ground.
During the passage of the spacecraft towards Venus,
the forward antenna will be employed to communicate
with the 26 metre diameter dish aerials of the Deep
/s can
Space Nwtwork. A velocity correctin of up to 12 m
be made five days after launch and further corrections at
20 days after launch, etc. Command signals for these
corrections will be transmitted from one of the huge 64
metre diameter earth station aerials.
The large probe will be separated from the Bus about
24 days befora arrival at Venus. The spacecraft axis will
then be precessed so that the medium gain horn can be
used for earth communication. A velocity correction of
5.1 m/s will be made to achieve the required small
probe trajectory and the three small probes will be
released about 20 days before reaching Venus. The spin
rate will have been previously increased to 48.5 RPM so
as to provide a suitable tangential velocity at separation
for the small probes to acquire the desired trajectory.
__ECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
- NOVEMBER
978
The velocity of the Bus will be corrected 18 days

before its arrival at Venus to achieve the desired arrival
point and to delay its arrival by 90 minut es so that all of
the probes will have impacted on the surface of the
planet by the time the Bus arrives in the upper
atmosphere Burn-up will occur at some 1 20 km above
the planet
All five vehicles will enter the atmosphere in a two
hour p eriod and a II will be transmit ti ng simulta neously,
so the time of ent ry will be arrange d to be one at which
two of the Deep Spac e Network s tations ca n simultaneou sly receive signal s to avoid p o ssible loss of data.
.
Large Probe Mission

The large probe is to be aimed at a point on the daylight
side of Venus, decelerations of up to 400 g being
possible at times during entry. The large probe
parachute opens at a height of 67 km and for the next 18
minutes the probe descends under the stabilising influence of the parachute to a height of 46 km at which
point the parachute is jettisoned. The probe then falls to
the surface of the planet over a period of some 38
minutes.
The probe is not required to survive impact with the
surface of the planet, but will withstand the pressure and
temperature at the surface. This requirement together
with the requirement that the probe can withstand the
fierce acceleration presents many design problems

unique to this mission.
39
Fig. 6. The interior of the large probe
'
COOLANT PORT
INTERSHELF
SUPPORT STRUCTURE
MIDSECTION
INSULATION
BLANKET
PRESSURE VESSEL
MIDSECTION
INFARED
FWD INSULATION
BLANKET ASSEMBLY
PRESSURE VESSEL
DATA UNIT
r.\\
POWER AMPLIFIER
Amin..., 7i.
--'
rr111..M
I
71tl.
....
._ ..
AERO FAIRING
The large probe and its deceleration module have a

total weight of some 316.6 kg. The deceleration module
provides thermal protection during atmospheric entry; it
consists of a pointed nose cone of 45 angle with a
diameter of 1 .42 m. The base of the probe is thermally
protected by a coated fibreglass aft cover.
The dacron main parachute has a diameter of nearly 5
m
is
pilot chute 0.76 m
in diameter ejected by a mortar. The pull
of the
parachute extracts the pressure vessel module from the
deceleration module.
Pressure Vessel
This vessel contains nitrogen at a pressure of between
about 0.5 and 2 earth atmospheres, but can withstand
an external pressure of about 100 atmospheres. The 73
cm diameter titanium pressure vessel is constructed in
three pieces and is about 6 mm in thickness. There are
15 apertures and 7.6 m of sealing are required to
prevent gas leaks at the high temperature of the Venu sian surface. The thermal insulation ensures that the
electronics and instruments inside this vessel remain at a
temperature not greater than 50 C even when the
external temperature reaches 480 C.
A 19 cell 40 A -hr silver -zinc battery suppli es power to
the p ressure vessel assembly. A total of 1 5 magnetic
latchi ng relays provide on i off control, wh ilst parallel
fuses provide overload protection. Four solid state
amplifiers, each rated at 10 W. feed a cross dipole
antenna mounted on the rear of the pressure vessel
which sends the data back to earth. A data rate of 128 or
256 bits/sec in a convolutionally encoded format is
used. the system being capable of providing 72 data
channels and 2 minor frame formats in an 8 -bit word, 64
word frame. A 3072 bit memory provides storage
facilities during the entry communications blackout; this
blackout will have a duration of about 10 seconds.
The entire sequence of 128 commands is predetermined and programmed prior to the multiprobe launch.
A timer with a 24.27 day capacity and a stability of . 32
seconds turns on the system prior to entry.
40
ACCESS HATCH COMMAND
ANTENNA
PRESSURE VESSEL
AFT SECTION
CLOUD
PARTICLE SPEC
''
AFT SHELF
.,
TRANSPONDER
hr]i
AFT INSULATION
BLANKET
+z
NEUTRAL
MASS SPEC
FWD SHELF
SOLAR FLUX
RADIOMETER
PYRO
CONTROL UNIT
BATTERY
Fig. 7. The interior of a small probe
ANTENNA
NEPHELOMETER
AFT INSULATION
BLANKET
PRESSURE V
AFT SECTION
COMMAND/
DATA UNIT
EXCITER
I'
AFT SHELF
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PYRO
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INSULATIC'.
BLANKET
PRESSURE VESSEL
FORWARD SECTION
The seven scientific instruments in the large probe

weigh a total of 35 kg and require 106 W for their
operation. Three of these instruments require inlets for
sampling the atmosphere and four require windows for
viewing the atmosphere. All of the windows except one
are made of sapphire, the exception being the
window
for the infra -red instruments which is a 13 carat
diamond
nearly 2 cm in diameter; diamond is the only material
able to transmit infra -red in the 10 micron region
and to
withstand the temperature and pressure at the Venusian
surface.
NOVEMBER 1978
FEATURE: Venus Probe

The Small Probes
The Orbiter Mission
The three identical small probes are designed to meas-
The main aim of the Orbiter mission is to put 12

scientific instruments in orbit around Venus and to
receive informaiton from these instruments. It can be
seen that the Orbite r spacecraft has much in common
with the multiprobe vehicle, including a rather similar
struc ture. Some of t he most noticeable differences are
the replacement of the probe structure by a high gain
aerial system which can provide communication with the
earth at distances of up to 250,000,000 km. A 4.5 m
long magnetometer boom is also used in the Orbiter
craft.
The size of the Orbiter spacecraft is similar to that of
the multiprobe craft The diameter of the cylinder of
solar cells is the same 2.54 m, but the surface area of the
cells is greater, being almost 7.2 m2. The Orbiter is
lighter than the multiprobe unit, being just under 600 kg
and only 372 kg in orb it.
The slightly large solar cell area of the Orbiter
provides a little more power tha n in the case of the
Multiprobe Bus, this po wer being a bout 325 W in Venus
orbit. Two 7.5 A -hr n ickel cadm ium batteris are also
incorporated in the Orbiter spacecraft.
A bearing and power transfer assembly (BAPTA)
serves an electrical and mechanical interface between
the spinning part of the spacecraft and the despun aerial
which must always point towards the earth. As in the
case of the multiprobe Bus, 32 kg of liquid Hydrazine
propellant is carried in two tanks and can drive seven
jets, each with a thrust of about 0.5 kg, for the control of
the trajectory, attitude and spin rate.
A solid propellant rocket motor. the Thiokol TEM604, is to be used to place the Orbiter in Venus orbit. It
has a velocity change capability of 060 6 m/s for the
maximum design weight
ure the characteristics of the Venusian atmosphere

simultaneously at three widely different locations. They
are designed to withstand the high temperature and
pressure at the surface of the planet, but need not
necessarily withstand the impact with the surface.
During entry into the atmosphere at a speed of about
11.6 km/s, a deceleration as great as 5652 may be
encountered. The time of descent to the aurface will be
about 59 minutes.
Each small probe contains a pressure vessel and a
deceleration module. The total weight is some 97 kg.
Unlike the large probe, there is no parachute with each
small probe and the deceleration module is not detached
during descent. The cone of the deceleration module has
a diameter of some 76 cm.
The small probe pressure vessels which contain the
electronics and the instruments are designed to operate
with an internal atmosphere of xenon at between 0.25
and 2 earth atmospheres pressure. These vessels consist
of a two piece titanium shell of about 46 cm diameter.
The small probes are each powered by a battery
A -hr rating.
containing 20 silver -zinc cells with an
Each probe employs a single. solid state power amplifier
rated at 10 W RF output: this amplifier feeds a crossed
dipole antenna mounte d on the rear of the pressure
shell. A stable oscillator maintains the S -band downlink
frequency to part in O. The data rate used from the
small probe to earth is 16 or 64 bits/second, whilst a
1
Fig. 8. A small probe
Conclusion on Cost
NET FLUX
RADIOMETER
PRESSURE AND
PRESSURE
VESSEL
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
MODULE
they involve new techniques, whilst special facilities

have had to be developed to simulate the hostile Venus
atmosphere.
It seems likely that craft similar to the Pioneer type
will be useful for relatively economical missions to Mars
E}1
and for flying through the tails of comets
DECELERATION
MODULE
is used for storage during entry

ackout and when the bit rate is being changed. A
27 day timer turns on the system prior to entry into
Venusian atmosphere.
The 64 bit /second data rate is used initially, but at an
t:tude of some 30 km above the surface the data rate is
of
-educed to 16 bit/second to allow for the attenuation
--e radio frequency signal as it passes through the
_e -'_er parts of the Venusian atmosphere
3372 bit memory
TheOrbiter craft. Note the long magnetic probe to measure the

magnetic field well away from any interfering field from the
eft.
E__EC7RONICS TODAY
A special feature of the Pioneer missions is the relatively

low cost for such an ambitious programme. In order to
reduce the cost, no experimental prototype craft have
only the one multiprobe and the one orbiter
been built
will be made, tested and orbited Economies have also
been made by using the same type of components (such
as the RF amplifiers) in the Bus, Orbiter and in the
probes. Identical command and data handling circuits
are used in all of the probes, whilst about 78% of the Bus
and Orbiter parts are identical The cost of developing
the probes themselves has been relatively high, since
INTERNATIJNAL
NOVEMBER 1978
Save on Calculators
Prices are each,

net &exclude V.A.T.
TEXAS
115040 (port uorpbY I O rteds mom printng calc.)

8C10013 port c1101e 151.20115 7 key prey
1151110 mama 6, 2 32pro9 aapa)
T 1513 key prog 64 90 T159 map card and
pr
T159 Hag Cord. peg
Software icr T159 D 5916100 (Four wadable)
T I Pro9rernmer
IHev m Oct comenrwla)
1101* Proyamr (child a cokulalerl
CA210
FX2500 E19.80, FX3100 P+2 LCD sci E24 30. FX120
FX39 15.60
STI Stopwatch + calc (24.50. MOS LCD 34.90
FX48 Mini-talc 19.95. ST24 cord me E19.80
ul
C.0
A1310110
CO131 IL C D
Urn er clock, alarm.
clock,cel /alarm. 1000 hrs)
year bat
E22.30
822.40
POA
POA
24.00
8A2.26
EXP300 (6 x 2 in., 5 x 94 terminals

& 2 bus strips)
EXP350 (3.5 x 2.1 in 5 x 46 terminals
x 2 bus strips)
1
(19 80,
21.96
17.90
EXP600 (6 x 2.4 in., 5 x 94 terminals

x 2 bus strips)
105.95
POA
118.90
CBM
EXP650 (3.6 x 2.4 in., 5 x 46

terminals x 2 bus strips)
EXP4B (6 x 4 in 2 bus strips only)
28.95
695
OK
M55 (Merha1 S81 !Stetsi N 601Nav+gam r)
E49-69
8-I
P50
24 programme ttep.
17.40
Sine leY Ca05dd9e Pregame m le Col culalor
13.44
A C Adaptor 3.00. Programme (unary
4.70SHARP ELI 130 lCD muaisel elk
areal no keys
19.00
Maeraa Cleve Challenger 160.000 moldy
..
134.95
Chess Challenge) 10 lover 3 min,on mows)
119.00
Boas M.cmpocessor chyle gems
199.00
0nasron
II (Computer beckgamrnc n). Low pnce
f5.75
PRO
Experimentor Series
tl2.20
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H.P.31E al 0622. H P 33E 828.13. H.P 25C
H.P.22 B usenessiManegernent Calcula tor, Low Price
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Com modo,* Pet Campo. 2001
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LC.D_ Pena el vh
149.95
169.00
29.95
89.95
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48.95
cauela TV game
s. Checkers (Draughts
Cerro* PIO
Came
41111011 of play)
pont/ daplay da'aklop ark

TeehII. LC838 MN mete colt
Natron (National Electronics NE629 7/M6B
ua
tac
Mens
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Alare, milk
haliae
LCD
sit
le any
eiaala hac2, sag
Pes is 24 hours.:,
:511181. Strap is
627.60
Hit=
MG.
1.90
posts, 4 x 14 DIL capacity)
We accept govt/company purchase orders on all goods
KRAMER & CO.

Holden Hill
London,
Road,
N W 14
16J
Telex: 888941. ATTN. KRAMER. 147 Tel: 01-203 2473

MAIL ORDER ONLY. S.A.E for dete ahem
Export enquirise welcome
Telephone end Telex orders excepted
7400
-7403
.10
.12
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7404
.lo
7400
7401
7412
74t6
.27
7400
1409
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7414
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.13
7411
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7412
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1413
24
74714
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7416
26
7417
.33
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7420
7427
24
24
7430
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7432
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1426
7433
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7437
23
7438
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7440
1141
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.90
7442
.38
7443
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7445
97
7446
7447
.67
.59
7/48
AB
.20
1100
.60
74151
74151
ISO'
,60
74156
74157
74161
74162
74163
74164
74165
74175
74176
74180
74100
74192
74193
74194
74196
.51
90
.80
88
74622
38
74337
74351
74564
14374
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745112
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3.25
.m
M
97
ABMOIIIEEs
745188
240
1732
1.04
a1
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96
90
96
74197
1.41
14t0e
OIL.
.18
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.IN
r2lT
27118
21021
2114
399
7.90
122
1053
MRS
8251
7.00
7,013
I3IFIR
4A1ffi14
9B
1A1M
.48
1417414
21
1E065
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18356
.71
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ESB
1.14
182
mamas
il.
21
r
n m2
TM
.ii 72
141121
MIES
741332
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744347
13
00.038
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BC107
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7472
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741542
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7473
21
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741546
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80177
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741.50)
BC118
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7454
7460
1470
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7476
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1.00
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97
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206
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7465
7486
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74196
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7415157
7415164
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1483
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80181
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BG171
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A
48
4.7/35
88
47/63
48
10/16
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49
08
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22/35
OB
IB
22/63
33/16
33/95
II
I3
33/63
47/16
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09
47/63
10V16
15
12
8r119
80131
54
41132
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1.14
B1150
.23
195
6fY51
1.33
80652
.2]
23
B61451
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0071
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0072
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0C208
PP 2996
45
.38
TIP 3055
301160
85
66
53
77 1011
IS
f01111
1/
All prices INCLUDE VAT add 25p P&P
1.75
1.45
1.30
1.15
220/25
17
330/I6
.IB
330/35
.31
470/@!3
04
470/15
470/35
38
1000/16
30
0R/25
48
18
with pre -bui t

search coil
Built, tested
and
Guaranteed
15.95
Plus 1.20 P&P
Plus E1.37 VAT (8%)
20.95
Plus 1.20 P&P
Plus 1.77 VAT (8%)
2200/16
54
BURR0116HS 9 0q
7 Seg.
PanapleA Oepay
425' Nmn ilye e48

M9 gem m KKK
1225
IBEK SYSTEMS
1.92
2HS.
9.20
(760 tie points, 2 binding

11.80
PB -101
post, 10 x 14 DIL capacity)

post, 12 x 14 DIL capacity)
17 20

PB -104 (3060 tie points, 4 binding
PB -203 (2250 tie points, 4 binding
posts, 24 x 14 DIL capacity;
built-in regulated 5V d c
power unit)
22.95
PB -103
P13-203A(As PB -203 with 5V and

15V d.c. power supply)
34 45
45 95
55.15
74.70
Design Mate Instruments

DM -1 45.95
DM -2 57.45
DM -3 57.45
DM -4 74.70
IC Test Clips
PC -14 (14 -pin)
PC -24(24
2.60
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Logic Probes
Hand held logic probes,
Complete ki
13
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II1f DUN S9IRE DENT. C0VCN1Nv
42
Send stamped, self-addressed

envelope for literature.
II
.52
44
effects.
Loudspeaker or earphone operation (both supplied).
Britain's best selling metal locator
kit. 4.000 already sold.
Kit can be built in two hours using
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pliers and side -cutters.
Excellent sensitivity and stability.
Kit absolutely complete including
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Complete after sales service.
Weighs only 22oz ; handle knocks
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12
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UM
119%
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71253
screen to eliminate capacitive
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2.75
2 15
PB -100
PB -102
Genuine 5 silicon transistor circuit,

does not need a transistor radio tc
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Incorporates unique varicap tuning
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Search head fitted with Faraday
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37
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PB -6
We wppIv all Seiko walroes
9 October Plece,
5.75
Protoboard Series
5849
QT -8S
QT-7S
(1.4 x 1.1 in., 16 terminals)

(1.3 x 1 in., 14 terminals)
QT-59B (6 5 x 6.2 in., 20 terminals)
AT-471 (5.3 x 5 in , 16 terminals)
QT-35B (4.1 x 3.8 in , 12 terminals)
saler misled
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one alarm chronograph. Night light. stainless steel strap with
matching case (gilt also available) at 39.00. S A.E for further
details
Mrs
QT -59S (6.5 x 6.2 in., 118 terminals)

QT -47S (5.3 x 5 in., 94 terminals)
QT -35S (4.1 x 3 8 in., 70 terminals)
QT -18S (2.4 x 2 1 in., 36 terminals)
QT -12S (1 8 x 1.5 in 24 terminals)
MINIKITS ELECTRONICS,
6d Cleveland Road, South Woodfor
LONDON E18 2AN
(Mail order only)
TTL/DTL/CMOS compat ble.

18 to 49
GC
Logic Monitors for

CMOS, HTL, DTL, TTL & RTL
LM -1
LM -2
Self -power clip -on logic
monitor
28
with fully isolated'

power supply
68 9E
As LM -1,
Postage, Packing and Insurance per

shipment 1.25
Please add 8% VAT to overall total
Export orders: credit cards or internatior-e
money orders, bank drafts and cheques
drawn in sterling. Please add 10% (Eurc as
or 121/2% (all other countries) to total prce
Now, from the

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Quick Test Series.

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DM -1 power supply, 5V to 15Vd.c. at
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pulse generator with 0.5 Hz to
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OOATMIATAL EMOMLTIEE OORIORATIOA
-7
rContinental Specialties Corporation (U.K.) Ltd., Uniti, Shire Hill Industrial Estate, Dept.9H
e_n
817477 Reg. in London: 1303780.
-=i Tug' vvaiueii, naaex. lot) II JAQ Telephone (0799) 21682 Telex
VAT No: 224 8074 71. *Trade Mark applied for CSC (UK) Ltd. 1977 Dealer enquiries welcome.
''ease supply
Total
Price
Address
IVI: -7e
for
My cheque/postal order No
V. Access'American Express/Barclaycard
7,-PONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
no.
is
- NOVEMBER 1978
All
want
is
is
enclosed
data, please.
43
IT
'
TELEVISION
Last month we described the operation of the Tolinka
chess recorder
this month we deal with construc-
tion.
LAST MONTH WE described the
overall principles of the Tolinka
Chess Recorder and in this final part
of the project we shall describe the
circuit from the hardware viewpoint

and go on to give constructional
details
First inspect the board on both sides
and assembly process. If desired

socket strip or sockets may be used
for the other ICs-and this is a wise

precaution
It is recommended that
to see if any of the holes have been
components be installed in the
blocked by tinning The easy way to
following sequence-first all discrete
clear such holes is to melt the solder
parts like resistors, capacitors and
and apply the sharp point of a pencil.
diodes; next integrated circuits and
Wipe the iron frequently on a damp
last the larger power supply
sponge or cloth to avoid solder
capacitors and voltage regulators
splashes
Switches need not be installed until
preliminary tests are completed and
A Small Step
installation of the PCB behind the
The first step in construction is to
front panel has been carried out The
make the through board links support panel then forms a template which
the board 4mm approximately away
aligns the switches correctly
from the bench surface by putting
Remember that the space above
bolts in the corner holes. The side
the board is limited and solder any
without the IC pads should be
bulky components beneath the
uppermost Each of the small round
board: this is certainly necessary for
pads which has a counterpart on the
the power supply electrolytics. Leave
opposite side of the board is a
the output pins of the voltage
pin -through whereby connection
regulators unsoldered so that
must be made through the board A
supplies may be checked without
piece of wire must be inserted into
damage to the circuitry Note that the
each of these holes and soldered on
power supply components are
both sides of the board
soldered directly to the tracks on the
The board should now be cleaned
top of the board and only the wires of
of flux with a cleaning agent and
the electrolytics pass upwards from
inspected against a strong light. Look the underside of the board through
for missed pin-throughs, solder
holes. All voltage regulators are 'face
bridges and lifted tracks checking
down', the main 5 volt supply
with a continuity meter any
regulator being bolted to an area of
suspected opens or shorts Spend a
circuit board which acts as a heat
lot of time at this stage because this
sink.
is where faults are most likely to
exist-it is possible for another
Testing Time
observer to find obvious faults on a
board which has passed a lengthy
Turn on the mains and test power
examination
supply voltages before soldering the
The ICs are inspected next
regulator output pins down to the
supply rails Remove all ICs from
Socket It To Me
their sockets and break off the pin
Use the socket strip provided for
carriers Test voltages on supply rails
any IC with mo're than 16 pins The
again with the rails connected-do
best way of socketing an IC is to push
not of course fail to switch off the
the pins into the socket strip and then
mains between tests If all is well
trim off the surplus strip Do not
then instal the ICs and check the rails
break off the pin carrier part of the
again
strip until you are ready to switch on
Tune the TV set to receive a
the power. This will keep the IC pins
picture. There will be more than one
shorted together during the soldering
picture available in the tuning range
44
and the best one should be found If

the picture has chessmen set up for
the start of a game and move status
information is correct then the

printed circuit board may be installed
beneath the lid of the box with the
nuts, bolts and spacers provided and
the keyboard switches soldered in
place. If the device now functions
correctly then attention may be
turned to the cassette interface.
In an ideal world you could buy
audio equipment which had standard
sockets using standard signal levels
at a standard impedence. This you
could connect together with standard
leads The manufacturers of our
world dornot see things that way,
however, and they make equipment
with sockets, signal levels and
impedances which are different from
those of their rivals
It will therefore be up to you, to
decide upon these things as far as
your own tape recorder is concerned.
You might become involved in
designing an attenuator to get
things working properly If you do
not know how to do this and do not
feel confident after reading the general
remarks which follow, perhaps you
really ought to be playing at
something else.
The Ins and Outs

Outputs vary from millivolt level for
a 5 pin DIN socket, but could be only
available on a microphone input and
earphone output. If inserting a plug
into the socket cuts out the internal
speaker the cutout switch should be
disabled-try bridging it with a 33
ohm resistor. It is essential to hear
the data and commentary.
(Input/Output can be the same pin)
It may be that volume and tone
.controls have an effect on the output
signal but this is not usual.
Inputs vary from millivolt level for
a dynamic mike to a high
level-sometimes marked AUX The
high level input should be used if
IL
EATURE
CHESS
PART 2
available. The signal must be
attenuated for a low level input to
avoid overloading. Most recorders
have Automatic Volume Control and
this helps. The output from Tolinka is
bursts of 3.9khz at the data rate,
which is 300 baud-or 50Hz
maximum Every high bit generates
12 cycles aapproximately of the
carrier The main source of
interference may be regarded as
being the data rate itself and some
sort of high pass filter is needed at
the input and output to remove it.
Attenutation may also be required to
match the recorder's input
characteristics A series capacitor
followed by a shunt resistor will
perform both these functions and in
some cases even the shunt resistor is
not required-it depends upon the
recorder's input impedance.
1
If an oscilloscope is available the

recorder's output may be observed
and should consist of clean bursts of
3 9 kHz separated by level blank
intervals. If the signal swings up and
down with the data the recorder is
receiving too much signal and the
shunt resistor should be reduced
until this effect disappears This
process should not be carried to the
point where the output level is
reduced.
If in doubt use the following rules
of thumb:
a1 Put a 10k pot between the output
and ground, taking the signal from
the slider. Reduce the input level
until the sound loses volume o n
oiayback.
co Take the output from the earphone
o- headphone socket. This will
a most certainly cut out the
-ecorder's internal speaker, but the
switch should be easy to find and
:-dge with a 33 ohm resistor as
:escribed earlier Adjust volume on
ayback to obtain satisfactory
RECALL function Note setting of
_ctn controls and check this setting
e.acl
Photograph of the circuit board taken during construction. The switches are not
fitted until the board is ready to be mounted in the case Initial testing being done
without them in position.
One of the exclamations often

heard at a Chess Congress is
'J'Adoube' which
is
Russian
polite way of
not
four -letter-word but a

informing one's opponent that a
piece is not situated in the centre of
the square it is supposed to be
occupying;-and this fact is bugging
the exclaimer who intends to adjust it
but does not wish to be committed to
moving it subsequently according to
the rules of the game
Tolinka has provision for moving
- NOVEMBER 1978
the pieces into the exact centre of
their squares the 'J' ADOUBE'

capacitor. This component (C5)
loads one of the outputs of a binary
counter introducing a propagation
delay which is passed down the
divider chain. The value mentioned
in the parts list is satisfactory for all
but the most neurotic. In order that
centralization may be optimized
provision has also been made to fit a
resistor for fine adjustment which will
explain two of those redundant holes
45
--..U,
{M,
-b
qn,
,a
Hi
11
ttt
/
Fig.
-et -et "'ii
Main circuit diagram of the Tolinka.
IC2 is National Semiconductor's SC/MP II.

Its Program memory is stored in a 2708 type
EPROM (1024 bytes). The charac ter generator PROM (IC22) is a 74S471, 256 x S in
structure. The RAM chips are 2111s, two
(ICIO and 11) for game memory and one
(IC14) for on -screen information. (There are
8 bits in game memory but only 4 in screen
memory.) Top locations in game RAM are
used as temporary stores for other information and this restricts the number of moves
per player to 62 instead of 64 (four bytes are
required to store a move).
Screen RAM is normally addressed by the
VDU divider chain's outputs but the MPU
must be able to address the screen as well to
move the pieces around and change the

status information. The address lines are
multiplexed through a pair of CMOS And/Or
gates (IC 12 and 13). The vertical blanking
signal is wired to a sense line of the MPU so
that the MPU does not access the screen
during the VIDEO INTERVAL which would
produce annoying flicker.
The three lowest address lines of the MPU
are connected to inverter gates (ICXX)
which matrix the keyswitches in a three by
four arrangement. Pressing any switch connects an inverted address line signal to one of
four inputs of a tri -state buffer normally held
high by
a resistor (R18.21) to Vcc. When the

buffer is selected the inverted address line
may be read as data and the switch identified
with a unique code by a process already
described in the Software: How it Works.
46
Generation of a Video Signal

All frequencies used are derived from a
single MASTER CLOCK which is the MPU's
own on -chip oscillator. An L/C combination
sets the frequency to 1.92 MHz which defines
the shortest horizontal change interval on
screen at about half
microsecond. The
MASTER CLOCK is divided by ten (IC4a) to

give the FILE inte rval. Eight FILES form the
visible board but t he FILE interval is divided
by twelve in a four -stage binary counter. The
A. B & C outputs of this counter are the
LETTER addresses, the D output being the
LINE BLANKING interval. Thus two-thirds
of linescan are the chessboard.
During LINE BLANKING a R/C monostable (C18, R14) supplies the LINE SYNC
pulse. Further division of the line interval by
32 gives the RANK interval which is taken
from the 5th stage of a binary ripple counte r
(IC5): the 2nd, 3rd, 4th & 5th outputs of thi s
counter being the add ress lines to the cha
racter generator PROM. This PROM supplies
the horizontal piece in formation as eight
outputs in parallel and changes this information every other line. The 6th, 7th & 8th
outputs of the ripple counter a re the FIGURE
-addresses. The 9th output is the FIELD
BLANKING pulse which is 'A nded' with the
7th stage to reset the counter after 320
counts. 256 counts, or lines, are visible as the
chessboard. During FIELD BLANKING

monostable (C7, R13) supplies the FIELD
SYNC pulse.
LINE BLANKING is also connected to the

character generator PROM to select Status
Figures presentation instead of chess pieces.
The same LINE BLANKING signal also permits the 4th output of the Board RAM. which
contains the COLOUR BIT during the
Chessboard interval, to address the character
generator PROM instead of the 2nd output of
the vertical binary ripple counter. (The
COLOUR BIT is normally 'Exclusive -Ore
with the pieces during the Chess board
interval to control their colour.) This a
because the larger character set of Status.
Figures symbols are required than
Chesspieces
and loss of vertical resolution.
(cut by half) is the price which must be paid.
The eight parallel outputs of the charac_=generator PROM are converted to a se-_
data stream in the Video Shift Regis_=(IC21), driven by the MASTER CLOCK a-_
loaded by the FILE signal.
SQUARE COLOUR is derived fr om
and FILE by Exclusive -Or function SQCA==
COLOUR. LINE BLANKING and COLO
BIT are aligned with SERIAL VID EObv
type Flip Flop clocked by FILE.
LINE SYNC and FIELD SYNC are a._,_
passed through an Exclusive OR gate to f=.MIXED SYNC.
SERIAL VIDEO is combined w ith CC=
OUR BIT. LINE BLANKING. FIEL D BLA
KING. etc. to form two mutually exclus_signals WHITING and BLACKING.
- NOVEMBER 1978
C16
330u
D7
010
D6+t
240V
50Hz
09
+T
HI
IC23
C19
2u0
C10
1000u
C20
220u
-
C17
220u
09
Cl
C6
2u0
47u
T T
NOTE:
IC23 IS LM341
IC24 IS 79L05
IC25 IS 78L12
C18
2u0
C24
+12V
+5v
(
1C25
-5V
Fig. 2 The Tolinka's power supply is a

straightforward design based on three
monolithic regulators.
The photograph right shows how the
power supply capacitors are mounted
beneath the board and the wire link. Note
that this photo was taken before the
board was complete and not all
components are in position.
BU YLI NES
A complete kit of parts for this project
will be available only from Videotime
Products, 56 Queens Road, Basingstoke, Hants, RG21 1 REA for the all
inclusive price of 109.50.
Individual parts are also to be
made available but Videotime will
offer help, advice and a repair service
only to readers who purchase the

complete kit. Note also that software,
piece design PCB pattern, etc, are
subject to copyright.
rI-10W IT WORKS
Forming a Video Composite
The video signal is formed by combining
SYNC. SQUARE COLOUR, WHITING and
3ACKING at a summing point. SYNC is
=erected to Q2 which clamps the summing
gisimt (junction of R10, 12 and 15) to ground
is a
> ten SYNC is high. BLACKING
negative going signal connected to the sumpoint through diode D4: when
LACKING is low the summing point is
.ng
cramped a diode drop above ground.

i'H1T1NG pulls the summing point up
fRards the positive rail through resistor
the
B.i SQUARE COLOUR is connected toresisnocenting point through a higher value
RI and supplies two shades of grey when
a_ idler
signal is present.
signal is attenuat ed and passed

aca:gh an emitter-followe r to form a low
aedance standard form video signal of
r_.aimately 1 volt peak to peak. This
IterL: isusedtodrive a UHF modulator.
reason that the SERIAL VIDEO out par DE 1C21 is passed through a couple of
sure divert er gates is to equalize propaga Vat ays. Otherwise the black pieces have
rife edges.
Te
Casette Interface
'
'tie-
in audio
ê0 rding equipment does not perdat a to be recorded directly. Some
:f r odulation is required.
-- ted bandwidth available
MOP _:e
not
vu
Ui
In Tolinka data is recorded as bursts of a
single frequency. On playback other
frequencies can be filtered out and the demodulation process performed with a diode.
Three CMOS gates are used as the Modem

in the final design. Any CMOS inverter will
operate as a linear amplifier if a resistor is
used between input and output. In this condition it may be regarded as an Op -Amp
which has its non -inverting input connected
to ground. A limited voltage gain of about 60
available. The output data comes from the
serial output port of the MPU and is combined with a signal of 3.9 KHz from the VDU
divider in an AND gate. This supplies bursts
of 3 9 KHz at data rate which can be recorded
on tape.
is
The recovered signal is filtered by a CMOS

inverter configured as a high pass filter This
rejects low frequencies at data rate and in the
speech band. The output of this inv erter,
which consists of high amplitude bursts of 3.9
KHz, is connected to the cathode of D5. The
anode of D5 is taken to the input of another
inverter and a low pass filter, consisting of a
resistor (R26) to the positive rail and a
capacitor (C12) to ground. Gates in the same
so
package have similar transistion points
when there is no input the output remains at
ground level. If 3.9 KHz oscillations are
present at the input the output is high. The
demodulated transmission is fed to the
MPU's serial input.
iCTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
Power-on Reset
The MPU has a Reset input which clears all
internal registers and restarts operations
with the first instruction after it has been
brought low for a specific interval of time.
This function occurs when Tolinka is first
switched -on and is not required again by the
user.
At first sight this circuit seems to be
overdesigned. In fact correct initiation of
proceedings is vital and reliability suffers if
any of the components are omitted. The
diode connected across the charging resistor
ensures that the capacitor will discharge if
the power is interrupted only briefly.
ROM Select Diodes
NOVEMBER 1978
The ROM occupies the first kilobyte of addressing space and it would seem logical to
connect its Chip Select input directly to A10
because no write instructions will be made in
this area. Conflict would still take place

because the MPU outputs data on the bus at
the start of the instruction fetch operation
this data consists of flags and upper address
bits and none of it is used by Tolinka. The
conflict would be harmless but for the fact
that a Video Signal is being produced and
processed at the same clock rate as the MPU
which produces a faint pattern on screen if
the Chip Select diodes are omitted.
47
PROJECT
TV CHESS
034
.......
n
GND
Q
IU
+Ve
I
oiGV
r9
VIDEO
C1112
TAPE
IN
C13
R2
t6`-
-3P-
OUTTAP
de
tri
SV
AC IN
IC71
8V
OV
OV
PARTS UST
RESISTORS
R1,11,13,14
R2, 8, 9, 18, 19,
20, 21 22, 23
,
R3, 4, 5, 10, 15
R6, 7, 16, 17
R25
R26
R12, 14
22k
10k
6k8
1k0
220k
100k
3k3
CAPACITORS
Cl, 18,
C?
19
C3
680p polystyrene
C4, 6, 9
47u 6V3 tantalum
C5
470p polystyrene
C7, 1 1 1 2 13, 15 10n ceramic
C8
220p polystyrene
C10
trolytic
C14
C16
C17
1000u 16V elec-
n0 ceramic
330u 16V electrolytic
220u 16V electrolytic
1
SEMICONDUCTORS
2u06V3 tantalum
560p polystyrene
IC1
IC2
IC3
MM2708
INS8060
74LS08
IC4
IC5
IC6
IC7
IC8
IC9
IC10,11,14
IC12, 13
IC15
IC16, 19
IC17
IC18
IC20
IC21
IC22
IC23
CD4520
CD4040
CD4081
CD4001
CD4042
CD4049
MM2111
CD4019
CD4070
CD4011
CD4066
CD4503
CD4025
74C165
745471
LM341-P5
IC24
IC25
Q1,2
D1-5
D6-10
78L12
79L05
ZTX300
1N914
1N4001
INDUCTOR
L1
2')(
MISCELLANEOUS
transformer (0-8; 0-8 at 500mA),

UHF modulator, switches (Schoeller- 12
off), case to suit, sockets, cable, nuts,
bolts etc.
PCB,
MODULAR
,...,..
,`
AUDIO ,qXE
,,
II
/1'
The new Doram Electronic

Hobbies Catalogue is
packed full of new exciting
DFArn
merchandise including
MICRO PROCESSOR
BASED KITS.
ELECTRO NIC KITS FOR

AL L THE FAMILY
ELECTRONIC TOOLS AND

BOOKS
AUDIO 8t CAR
ACCESSORIES ETC.
Send for your copy now.
(AVAILABLE LATE SEPT)
Overseas customers
(except for N IreWndl60p including de spatch by Air
(o r all -up posti
Doram E lecnonks lid
PO Box TRB
Wellington Road Estate
Wellington Bridge
Leeds LS1 2 2UF
E_EZTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
111
,
,
,
Il
'
ELECTRONIC
HOBBIES
CATALOGUE
..
Name....
Address..
....
.....
.....
& p.
Doram Electronics Ltd

PO Box TRB
Wellington Road Estate
Wellington Bridge.
Leeds LS 12 2UF
- NOVEMBER 1978
II
...
Please send my FREE Hobbies

Catalogue. enclose 25p.
contribution top
III
ETI 7
in
`TOLINKA' CHESS REPORTER

-FULL KIT OF PARTS
ÀTARI' VIDEO
OVER
200
COMPUTER
- READY BUILT
GAMES
CARTRIDGE SYSTEM(ROM)
The original unit used in conjunction with the World
Chess Championship at Manilla, August '78, by both
Chess Champion Viktor Korchnoi and BBC TV news.
Records every game step, auto en passant, queening
and castling. Entire games may be recorded on most
domestic cassette recorders. Based on 8060 Mk Il
Scamp. Full kit including all components
No extras
required
109.50*
Designed and built by Atari (part ofi Warner

Comms) in the USA this unit is the most
advanced centre available
Just look at a few of the cartridges (up to 50 games
each) available in full glorious
multi -colour and very realistic on TV Sounds
Exempla' of acme of tae many

cartridges available Comb at, Air
Sea Banles. Space Via, O utlaw,
Video Olympics. Surround Black
sack. Breakaur. Bases Math
-
--_i_.-
tarn
The Video Computer (based on Stanetics

...
27 Game
Corn bat Cartridge Han ks, bi-pla nee. bomber s, j etsj 2
pyaticks 2 rotational c ontrollers,
main s adaptor and aer ial switch Ing unit Full y g uaranteed lot
12 month. 11 9.95*
AddMortal Carvldg. s (over 2 I due by early' 791 mostly priced
al 14.1116*
Full Colour Brochure available on

request
UNBELIEVABLE
WATCH
BARGAINS
-i
VT07
Hue
fin's
Sacs
it
I/
FUNCTION
LC11
BARGAIN TV
GAMES KITS
AND
COMPONENTS
Hour, Min , Sec.. DATE.

Month.
100th Sec. Time
1 or 2 Event
VTOL
5
I.
I2 FUNCTION
CHRONOGRAPH
Mahlt
E3,
Min
S
Sec
Stand Alone Kits
Map
ONLY
[13.95e
Kits
full instructions, all PCB components Mini -kits
skt, coil, PCB
- instructions, chip,
kits
B&W T ank Batt le (AY -3-8710 )

B&W S tunt Rid er (AY -38765 )
B&W R cad Rac e (AY -3.8603)
B&W 0 Game B /6 (AY -3.86 10)
B&W Submarine (AY -3-8605)
B&W Wipeout (AY -3-8606)
15.90
15.90
14.90
13.90
1W
F103
SOLAR ALARM
Hour, Mir Sec. Multi
hale gay alarm any time
in
Ti
VTOL
SOLAR
hour day
err
UM1263 Sound 0sc

UM1111 E36 UHF Mod
lane'
95.
gel
UM 1233 UHF (high qualil

UM1168 Pal Encoder
UM1163 Pei Enc+UHF M od
EI5.15
E1.95
E1.95
4.95
2.50
E4.95
European Equivalents avail able
Accessories
AIDS
CHROM OCR APNT

ALARM
All the Loewed Malure
of
alarm & chronograph
Mpahet
Iphato
Memoir
Me style need
TBA
8.50
Astec Modulators & Encoders
CHRONOCRA%I
h
oat ana celer
ONLY
TBA
14.90
minikits
9.75
9.95
8.50
8.50
AB Joystick controls 200k lin

VT116
ALARM. STO'
Crystal 4 4 Mhz
Crystal 3.57 Mhz
Oscillator coil 100
Nat CH
CLOCK
&
Selene Asatm
era;
eetoh.
1.95
1.00
1.25
0.45
Mains adaptor + 50mA 8v reg
i/c
ONLY
....
jI
3.50
ti1.9S%
Presentation boxes not included_ Please add 65p
* Prices include VAT, packing
& delivery charges and money back guarantee

Send cheque or
VIDEOTIME PRODUCTS
56 Queens Road, Basingstoke, Hants RG21

Tel: (0256) 56417. Telex: 858747.
P 0 to
REA
(Trade & Export En luir'ies welcome)
50
NOVEMBER 197E
FEATURE
SWITCH IN LINE
SAVES NONE?
Stan Curtis of Mission Electr onics, author of our series on super -fi amp design is back
with us again to explain th e faults inher ent in many widely used comparative hi-fi
tests. In particular he has a few things to say about switching methods
A SIGNIFICANT RE -APPRAISAL of amplifier design has
been seen in the past few years The revival of serious
testing) has shown
listening tests ( so called
that laboratory measurements alone are not s ufficient to
indicate the p erformance of the amplifier when it is
connected to r eal loudspeakers and pick-up cartridges
and fed with a music signal But it is crucially important
that these listening tests be set up with great care. When
different amplifiers are compared their gains should be
equalised so that their outputs are within 0.1 dB of each
other and preferably within 0.05 dB.

Such level changes could be incorrectly interpreted
design
amplifier performance.
as differences
the passive attenuators is important to prevent any
significant loading of the circuitry or any imbalancing of
impedances which could upset passive filter roll -offs and
so alter the frequency response of the system. Even the
choice of test signal is important when setting levels.
Hz or 400 Hz has
Traditionally a sine wave of
been used. However, the author prefers to use a noise,
source fed via a bandwidth limiting filter (to prevent any
error by the different frequency responses of the
amplifiers) as this more realistically simulates the
:vnamic conditions.
Care should also be taken in the interconnection of
the different amplifiers. All connections should be as
short as possible using very high quality and identical (in
length and quality) cables. Wherever connections have
to be made (other than at the amplifier or loudspeaker)
high -quality gold-plated instrumentation connectors
should be used in preference, to the rather suspect RCA
=nono and DIN Connectors
GOLD OR
SILVER
/
POOR CONTACT
_-GOLD
Switch Your Contacts
c, ,.._.
almost invisible layer of oxidation or contamina- r=Jrms on the contacts This oxidation increases the
resistance but more importantly forms a non-_ -.:nction that can in some ways be considered to be
a v et'-age dependent diode -rectifier The effect on the
S
.:,.,
___ r 1.
BONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
k:
- NOVEMBER 1978
Above: equivalent circuit of a

mechanical switch. As you can
see it is far from simple! Left: a
good linear contact involves
breaking the metal surface.
GOOD CONTACT
The next problem area is that of switching. Switching

the outputs of the different amplifiers to a loudspeaker
be done using high -current, high -conductivity lever
knife
switches. Relays can cause problems unless they
of
+save very strong springs; good contact design; highetrrent capability; and are new. The subject of switch
cattacts is quite complex but can be summed up as
f lows. A metal to metal contact is rarely a true "short
CONTAMINATION
Y"
more
music signa at low levels can be imag fined and
heard! Even "pure" g old contacts and
importantly
"'self-cleani ng" contacts suffer from this problem. A
good contact can only be achieved when one contact
breaks the surface of, and penetrates, the other contact
metal. However, only a limited number of switching
actions can occur before the contact material is sufficiently worn or damaged for inconsistent performance.
Although this problem is discussed here in relation to
testing it has as much significance in the design of the
switches used in the amplifier
I
When it comes to switching the output of the

cartridges the imperfections of the switches have
so much effect upon the audible quality of the
signal that the listening test ceases to have any
real validity.
Test point
The test Itself needs further thought. The listening
panel should be experien ced listeners and yet no t be part
of a 'clique" where vie ws are remarkable for the way
they follow the ''party line." Testing should be conducted over two or mo re sessions. Short ses sions to
perceive the performance of the amplifiers before aural
fatigue sets in; and longer sessions with each individual
amplifier to judge whether such fatigue is caused by the

amplifier and to judge whether the apparent improvement it offered was a "flash in the pan."
51
rSIGNAL
SOURCE
ATTENUATOR
AMPLIFIER
UNDER TEST
REFERENCE AMPLIFIER
AND SPEAKER
LOAD
/7777
STRAIGHT LINE TEST

Fig. 2. The straight wire test. First popularised by Peter Welker
wider acceptance of late. It has its faults however.
During the initial sessions a number of "check"

changes should be made to detect cheating (deliberate
or involuntary) i.e. running amplifier No. 3 a second time
as amplifier No. 7. Between each piece of music the
reference numbers should be changed to minimise the
effects of pre -conception For example; if amplifier No. 3
is disliked for its reproduction of a bass drum, it may
then be subconciously disliked on other pieces of music.
Of course the tests should as far as possible. be conducted blind.
A popular "subjective" test in use is the "Straight
Wire Test." In this test the amplifier under evaluation is
fitted
the
for
a straight wire. The resulting signal is fed to a
of Acoustical Manufacturing (or Quad!) this test method has gained
"reference" amplifier and loudspeakers of known performance. Such a test is of help in evaluating the
dependence of the amplifier on the loading made by
different loudspeakers. But otherwise this test must be
considered suspect. The "reference" amplifier may be
far from perfect and it may well mask subtle changes.
The dynamic interactions of two units in series can be
quite complex and very difficult to predict in advance.
The foregoing (brief and incomplete) discussion of
subjective testing serves only to indicate the difficulties
that can be encountered. The reader should only consider seriously those comparative reviews where considerable effort has been expended to eliminate errors
due to equipment and human beings.
Ell
The kits & bits show for the

home electronics enthusiast
SeymourHall SeymourPlace LondonW1
21-25 November 1978

Seventy stands packed with the gear that the home electronics
constructor needs. From kits for keen youngsters just starting
to components for the dedicated enthusiast intent on building
his own computer, it can all be seen and bought on the spot in
the Seymour Hall this November. Browse through the range of
instrumentation, test gear, components and circuit boards. Kits
for making everything from an electric grandfather clock to an
electronic organ. Build your own microprocessor, construct your
own television games and choose hi-fi audio modules for the
ultimate in sound!
Watch the Demonstrations in adjoining halls electronic projects

brought to life by the experts
and a chance for you to try for
yourself the latest ideas from manufacturers and journals.
Competitions
- Win
the show.
Open 10 a.m.
microprocessor kit a frequency counter

and many other daily prizes throughout
a'starter' kit for the kids
7 p.m. daily,
Entrance 1.00 adults, 70p students.
Organs.d by Trident Conferences and Exhibitions Limited, Abbey

Mead House, 23a Plymouth Road, Tavistock, Devon. PL19 8AU.
Tel: 0822 4671 Telex: 45412 TR ITAV.
- NOVEMBER 19;E
TRANSFORMERS
7-
DFAM
THE
Panel Meters Bridge Rectifi ers, Power Supply Units

Multimeters Semi Conduc tors - Timers - Safebloc
Miniature 8 Sub Miniature

Milli- Ref. Price
SEE
RANGE OF MULTIMETERS IN
THE NEW DORAM HOBBIES
Volta
3-0-3
O-6, 0-6
9.0-9
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(Sec 0-1 9-25-33-40-50V
No.
P&
238 1.95 55
1A 1A
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330 330 235 1.95 40
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70
40
60
80
200 200 236 1.95 40

300 300 214 2.35 70
20-12-0-12-20
700(DC) 221 3.10 70
0-15-20, 0-15-20 1A 1A
206 4.20 85
0-1 5-27, 0-15-27 500 500 203 3.65 70
0-15-27, 0-15-27 1A 1A
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70
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79
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Address
20
Dam m
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Doramp0
10 0
ad
21
51
6,85
9.50
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12.00
775
Timer and decoder, 2 very well made units, nice clear dial, excellent
reproduce/an. El 120 the pair
12 loll Heavy Duty Relay, plug in type has three pairs 01 l0amp
changeover contacts. A tranaparenl dust cover. price El 00 suitable II pin
base 45.
_4m DMnmer. cur amer module mon amen mode meet Seeceben
amen ConbMs a damp 400e SCR ta el ahodd he Seible lot WW1
ta.ucnng lbw. Pike at module and lnslrucibu r1-75
=wing light., cha.ng Pighte. rend. Mahe.. strobe effect. etc. Mc. can
These .011 chat ne
41 be teem 11a0 vein g our Waco ranch..
b. -moment nul gueranleed perfect and iaprbed sateen Ion mains
area
ta get some Wei el nee boding nimber each twitch it lbw..
see am I'M
eahlee .MM 0M
or C.Nwn.. YMM MIM ere tM
pope date nodal Marcarmachug Ile twlcMe te gore ono memo
nun
epmf. a awrsGn moan. ea. a awnce
Switches. slandered 60 wan glass type. Normal open contacts glass
alg&s 2". diameter C'. 10 for El, 100 for Le, 1000 for 670.
saa Reed Switches. for stacking. greater quantity he confined space Price
ut
et
lad
a
:eaareem
. h I.
*air
Cas
Magnets, suitable for operating reed switches, central fixing

for 61
be Ml cb lyel Tel
el aye or where you weal light evenly
ear eeemeel one aging l %la.. el aaa made by Philips price E2.24.
Sault pair 0e brie 5 or 6 liyerasl seine is
--eer0a Salera feM /5
e
I sue ei.131 ant ....a only redly a bargain tar callers
nap El 50 per spanker

terners esalsled secondary, for working American Toole end equipment
spay rime in .heal rental case aide for saspuler obviously final alas. 500
aa Tra
ea
na
life tape.
ale
an
offered el about hag price only 05 These say be coiled bel ere Icily
amend
ad Sailer bel Igo wan E29.50.
uai earn..
animas we nappip
_ rwu iwmp meumwie c
an fin start dirge switch with imlruclons, price E9 75 This is probably ens of Ile most
.1 geeysrnl you can here in your twangs Sooner er later you or ensiled
aww reeding se ed you will here s Ilel banery Zhu starter will gel you away
wr
Ile 5
kits
saute.
Vederel Cospay,
Cater by
nary m
230/2411
fiaeal linage al ba holies
Price E2
main. opereld Intended for unlace

16
:3 Ire heat
cog
Bevy Specdly designed tar going under the halal of a car made by one
aaamamarers Ibis his i resov.ble emiherd rubber cover Collads look
limps se this could he Ihn right one if you are thinking of making an
eat res.
.area er u
hie
El
+189
k/ k.p esselecer A. saw customers know we hoe very comprehensive sloth

ems
aa/ a walk le ...... sachenges, light nuking device etc, etc Just
ma. awe a ehel rand model nude famous Plesnr Ibis is 2esil 32 was with
of
r! divine
earn
a sr
ter
ewers. hR
new needing.
pulliao etc etc h.s

etc Price Ei 00
rein ego widlilare
3a Miler
dewier
a
aura bean -prior
E3
Inch
thin is 100w soldering gun s very well side loll with

has double issulaled mains translorner and it built into the
The ETP
as
are.
seerk
case
Caen compels with spare lips Nsine epenled
Swer
u
51
fi!r
art pd
really heaulilul unils lull of

operale lypewrilere end they can
lap. controlled echiaes Relerance Ne is NCR
American made lape punches
we
to
Nl 1154 We
calm with up
_`RONICS
These ore R hit laps poncho. powered Irani

I6 00 csrriege is E3 20
TODAY INTERNATIONAL
1
1
BAYDIS
54a Mortimer Spce

Herne Bay. Kann
,-.n me Bay 64586
system. Rated one
01
the
perlmmers
It
in A. alarm field May

would mike a wonderful gilt is .1.0.1 ant
bey
lb.
three
e. slier as spare mesh
al
rely 15 including
VAT sod
peehge
High Senate Nees truelormer. Memel ekes primary secondary by our manuring
minipmul is Oar nerve. el 5nA. We are offering these al a
price of (4.50.
hrpfa
MICRO PROCESSOR
U.S.A. SYSTEM 21
Jusl arrived
ihnitod quantity easy
Systems.
fr1aallw
ti aMlabl
01
e
Mad
mg
et e
col
Mane
VIATRON
hey
11.0 U
wally bloke.
REF
temp
TMI
5.P U.
4r
7amp
6v
6.5v
h amp
65v
20dnA
6.5e 0-0-.5v
6 50 0-6 5e
63v0 -0.3e
6 3v
100 mA
0
0
;:
100mA
amp
I amp
': amp
amp
2
5r + 8.5 sep winding
9v
9v
9v
9v
search, etc.. etc

complete Olin manual and secondhand
E lb. pommel cancan n only obese.
WHAT
COULD YOU
in one year's lime, it you
undersleod computer and microprocessor
technology?
Think Rorer, then join the "Doing 0
61950117'
course which is staring
ROW.
You will barn manly by doing, nel jusl reading. 0's easy to understand
That way.
Pay as you barn Just E5 deposit and eleven monthly payments of
E35 cash now), E23 worm of component. ae nl now, more oilfollow as
Ell.
(3.24
IMIS
I2v
13r
Ile
amp
%r amp
C amp
I amp
12r-0 12v
50
ink
T1419
1.fi622
TM41
[7.24
F270
10e 0.10v
121/2
IN7
amp
amp
amp
3'/ amp
3'h amp
3 amp
ii,. amp
120-0 12v
hemp
13v
amp
12' amp
6 Amp
100 ma
24v
IY:amp
24r
tamp
21/2
20v
triq_0_20.
24e +
24e
2v7 amp
260
30v
37r
50v
10Dr
100x-0 10ev
120r
BULL
103
(ELECTRICAL)
TAMWORTH RD.
CROYDON CR8 1 S G
NOVEMBER 1978
LTD
6.3r 2A
4.32
1512
TM13
1M14
TM
'MI5
MI5
1521
MI6
TMI7
(4.32
432
(1.62
Cl 90
El 62
4.32
4.06
4.06
1.62
E212
2.70
2.97
TM15
E4 06
TM32
TM29
(1.06
(11.65
1546
TM24
4.32
E7A2
71823
9.10
T524
1524
T525
(7.02
(7.02
amp
amp
amp
4't. amp
4amp
lamp
T81139
TMIS
(3.70
702
'h amp
amp
1525
(702
TMSO
10
SO
mA
100 m
500r
50 mA
Quantity Prices eva0able. Plow, modem you and
2501
order
ICI
1534
0r with
120v
2.16
amp
0
2
5
shrouded
Tor
70r lapped 811s 75v
TM?
2.43
E2.90
4.06
E31.96
shrouded
00v
75v-3 amp with 6.3v
E4.96
E4.06
E1.05
TM39
TM40
TM16
60r
11119
amp
4 amp
11/2 amp
2 amp
d amp
37 amps
2
25r
REMEMBER THIS IS YOUR CHANCE?
1833
1.110
E2.70
course requires them.
1.62
1.09
1.62
1.62
1.62
TM30
TM15
40v tweed
30r,
200 9 10v
50v-2 ems with 6.3v
Terms, Prices (Except Transformers) include Post & VAT But

orders under 6.00 please add 50p to offset packing Bulk
enquiries
Please phone for Generous Discounts 01-688
E216
TM11
20r
20r-0.20
BE DOING?
.05
.05
1.62
El 62
amp
25 amp
15v-0.15v
unload bargain price of
T95
I.
1.62
E270
16v
10e
Suppaed
TM33
TAU
TM12
TM12
PRICE
3': amp
15,0.15v
includecursor control
hard wired programmes
P
B
amoma0c tape data Most
TM21
TM21
TM?
amp's' core
and control logic a0
Fug
TM2
TM32
TM3
amp
750 ma
5r
15r Zapped 9v
d.s.s
amp
hilly coded koyboanl
mat replay suzette
null blf.0 barlong. easarrPJM neaten
Imbed A aleaclM amb
CURRENT
Iv
1011
these superior
ne .Yee mallow 73
neat enema
VOLTAGE
E4 50
-ere
oarla
e
AUTO TRANSFORMERS
Input /Output Tapped 0-115-210-240V
VA
Price
(Watt.)
Ref. No.
E
P&P
20
113
2.25
70
75
64
3.50
70
150
4
5.35
85
Input /Output Tapped
0-115-210-220-240V
300
66
7.15
uu
500
67
10.75
Al,
1000
n0
84
11,00
Also 1500 2000 2000/3000VA
MAINS ISOLATING (Centre Tapped &
Screened)
Po 120 / 240 Sec 120/240V
VA
Price
(Watts)
Ref. No.
P&P
60
149
5.75
85
100
150
6.40
00
200
151
10.00
10
250
152
11.95
30
350
153
14.45
40
1000
156
35.00 3 00
finestTM37
yyrg;l
MULLARD
UNILEX
A mains operated 4+4
of
iutrel''
Wad Mere suleaacally
aera
as -2-e
a nel aree viler Ned
ran ffi
Ina:
6 0
24r
504-28p
looks large enough
127
125
123
40
120
MAINS TRANSFORMERS
he
wean wipers overall size ipproa 4"a3"129r" Price
3.40
4.65
6.50
9.15
11.25
11.80
14.75
26
All these have 230/2411v 50hz Pdmery 6 isolated seconderys
amain,bonniet.
anbonnier^
available
Trade and Education Welcome
thee
18
Please add VAT al 8`+

Barclaycard and Access 1ddlne5
ll
err
10
30
50
00
btI
der
70
85
00
00
00
00
30
30
CATALOGUE 30p
4is
P&P
70
FREE!
117
89
TRB. Leeds LSI2 2UF

90Electronics
monthly Advance Advertising embent WI lore. de tar al bargains

arriving or just arrived
often he/gains which sea out before our
ado remenl can appear.
ft's an interesting 81I and firs free
joui
S.A.E. Below are a tew al the bargains ail avaeable from previous
60
580
88
C-
assts
2.45
3.05
4 80
40
50
60
Overseas customers lexcept For N. Irciandl-60p

including despatch by Air for all -up Pr,,'
kern
t10
1.30
30
Price
Amps
111
30 VOLT (Pr 220-240V1

Sec 0-12-15-20-24-30V
Name
aIT'S
Ref
Price
Ref. No.
124
0 5
Price
0 25
0 5
0-24-30-40-48-60V
Amps
0 5
0
60 VOLT (Pc 220-240V)
12 AND/OR 24 VOLT
Pp 220-240 Volts
12V
3.20
4.20
6.10
7.85
9.80
14.95
15.75
20 50
104
105
106
3-0
P&P
70
85
00
00
102
103
b sorer cost of centre..
MINI
Ta39
T530
ralI1g
SO
J.
3.79
3.79
(3.70
add 25% is
ye.
53
ETI SPECIALS
I.L MFTAL
light warning. LM380 circuits. temperature alarm, aerial

matcher, UI -IF TV p reamp, metal locator. four -input
mixer, IC power supply, rumble filter. IC tester. ignition
timing light, 50W ster en amp. plus tunny more....
3-This issue was so p npular that it is now -sold outl
MAR
I OCATER
MOE MIXER
DUAL aim
REACTION TESTER
HEART RATE MONITOR
S.T.G
TIMER LOGIC
INTRUDER ALARM
4-Includes
Sweet tixteen stereo amp, waa-waa, audio level meter,
expandericompressor, car theft alarm, headlight

reminder, dual -tracking power supply, audio millivolt meter, temperature meter, intruder alarm, touch switch,
push-button dimmer, exposure meter, photo timer,
PROJECTS
electronic dice, high -power beacon, electronic one-armed

bandit!
12
5-Twentydwo complete projects. including
Ir
2.50
TRAIN
+ 25p P&P
nor Au
+ 2-Top projects include

Master mixer, 100 W guitar amp low power laser
printmeter, transistor tester mixer preamp, logic probe
calibrator electronic
ignition car theft alarm, turnindmator canceller, brake
/1.T1.3.1 M
.L,
A.C.a.
BYdINMAM
,
11CJ
HOW TO ORDER
Postage and packing also refers to overseas. Send remittance in sterling only.
.J
..A.,e...
n(.rAllwp
75p
+ 25p
ETI Specials
ETI Magazine
3.00 + 25p P&P
P&P
Comprised entirely of new material, the edition covers

such diverse subjects as Star Wars and hi-fi! The
magazine contains projects for everyone
none of which
have appeared in ET1
and a look at the future of MPUs
Audio, Calculators and Video How can you not read it?
standard textbook. Written by
Peter Sydenham. M.E Ph.D., M.Inst.M-C., F 1.1.C.A., this

publication covers practically every type of transducer
and deals with equipment and techniques not covered in
any other book Enquiries from educational authorities,
universities and colleges for bulk supply of this publication are welcomed These should be addressed to H W
Moorshead Editor
IMMUREMENT
AND CONTROL
15P
splendidly for use as
:erPAIWa
efflellgArIL.
CONTROLLER
TRANSDUCERS IN
tomormi"
1W
rxe...er..,NN.Nw
Ni -Cad charger, loudhailer, 'scope
electronics
ETf MAGA2/NE.-
pis
1.00 + 25p P&P
:tires amp.. stage mixer, disco mixer touch organ.

audio limiter. Infrared Intruder alarm mode train
controller, reaction tester. headphone radio. STD pater.
double dice gen..purpose power supply. logic tester.
power meter digital voltmeter. universal timer, break.
down beacon, heart rate monitor. IS metal locator.
temperature m^:er
6-Just r uol:>nM. Includes
Graphic equaliser. 50-]00 W amp. modules, active
crossover. flash trigger, "star and dot" game, burglar
alarm pink noise generator, sweep oscillator, marker
generator, audio-visual metronime, LED dice, skeet game,
lie detector. disco light show....
5 ye
SAL TIMER PL
,l
FLA' tees
AUDI63 LIMITER
FIVE WATT STEIN..
RADIO
BREAK DOW
VOLT MT'
DIGITAL
TEMPERA/URI
MIXER
h,
book
atner an unu.ual reprint From the pages of

couple of years ago in the
thought of by the University
have re -published the series
ETE The senes a

magazine. and wa
of New England
25-27 Oxford Street

London W T R T R F
Please mark the back of your cheque or
PO with yreur name and address.
Please supply me with the

lowing ETI Specials:
fol-
FROM INE MUUMUU O!

ELECTRONICS 101,AS INikRNATIONAI
Etl
CI RCU ITS
Not
Total cheque/PO enclosed = E

rnerwre
Wedge wogs
wow ...mme,
re.arr..a,
tiler
Is.s
a
cwerM /era
/ceri..
1.50
Each volume contains over 150 circuits mainly drawn
from the best of our Tech -Tips The circuits are indexed
for rapid selection and an additional section is included
which gives transistor specs and plenty of other useful
data.
Sales of this publication have been phenomenal
surprising when the circuits cost under

volume costs
1.50
+ 25p
1p
P&P
- hardly
each! Each
Address:
M
Our success) ul beginners series came to an end some time

ago now and the whole series is available from us In
reprint form The three books between them contain all
the information presented in the series (sometimes in
more detail') and together form an excellent starting point
for anyone interested in learning the art of electronics.
Each volume costs
1.20 + 25p P&P

NOVEMBER 1978
November
78
THE NEW MAGAZINE FOR SMALL SYSTEMS WITH BIG IDEAS
Presented as a supplement
to ETI.
Hop on a Nasbus
to 32K of memory now
-
The Nascom
is designed with expansion in
1
mind, This is made possible by using the best
products available. The Z80 microprocessor
incorporated in the basic system is so
powerful it can support 64K bytes of memory
and 256 ports. To utilize this capability, we
have designed the buffered 77
way Nasbus.
With this arrangement, the way is clear for

considerable expansion, starting with our new
memory expansion board. It has 16 memory
sockets and two EPROM sockets. Therefore,
you can fill it with 4K dynamic RAM up to a
maximum 8K or with 16K dynamic RAM up
to a maximum of 32K. A 2K Tiny BASIC in
EPROM has been developed for the board.
To go with the board, we have produced a very
flexible 1.0 board with three PIOs each giving
two, 8bit ports, plus a UART for serial
will allow for a Nascom

to link through a
buffer board to a 77 -way Motherboard. There
is then the option of eight or more expansion
boards. To power this capability there is a
new 8.5 amp power supply especially designed
for the frame.
No other system offers so much at such a low
cost. And it all starts with the basic Nascom
kit which for just 197.50 offers an

intelligently usable system with video and
cassette interface, a full alpha -numeric
keyboard and a mighty CPU chip. So if you
want the best make it a Nascom system.
UK National Distributors
Camera Centre,
Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbri a
Crystal Electronics,
Torquay, Devon
Electrovalue,
Egham & Manchester
Eley Electronics,
Glenfield, Leicester
Henry's Radio,
London W2
Lock Distribution,
Oldham, Lancs
Lynx Electronics,
Chesham, Bucks
Microdigital,
Liverpool L2
Teleplay,
New Barnet, Herts
Nascom-1 Kit still only

197.50 +VAT
interface.
As you start building up your Nascom system
you will need a convenient means of storing
boards. Our new, custom -designed, Vero frame
. rrsrr.0..MwW
r:..;.`
rrsrwrosssrw
itrsasrrssesr
Stop press...
Microcomputer Seminar
Nascom Microcomputer's highly successful seminar is coming
to Bristol. The programme will be similar to London and
Manchester, both of which were sold out. The day includes
five lectures, demonstrations and an open forum. Venue is
the Dragonara Hotel, Bristol, Saturday, October 14th,
09.50 to 17.30
Admission: 4.50 (inc. VAT). Lunch will be available at

4.00 (inc. VAT) per head if there is sufficient demand.
Please send me
tickets to your seminar at 4.50 each and

further details on Nascom-1 expansion products/Nascom-1
Kit/Int. Nascom Microcomputer Club.*
*delete as applicable
n on
Nascom Microcomputers
92 Broad Street, Chesham, Bucks.
Tel: (02405) 75151
Name
Address
Tel. No
Cut out coupon and post to Nascom Microcomputers.

Cheques and PO's should be made payable to Nascom
Microcomputers.
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
computing
today
NO
november 1978
NASCOM
REVIEW
BASIC EXPLAINED
CUTS CARD
TRITON IMPRESSIONS
EAST COAST REPORT
TRITON BASIC
MICROFILE
1
5
9
15
19
21
23
30
Nice one NASCOM

Say no more
CUTS above the rest
Colling all TRITON users
Important show for US
Try it on Triton
Gary Evans in training
Airamco
Ltd.
MICRO COMPUTER PRODUCTS
Distributors for JADE COMPUTER PRODUCTS
All Products brand new with full industrial specification
ASSEMBLED
82 50
BARE
BOARD
26 25
122 50
22 50
138 75
26 25
149 95
26 25
134 29
22 50
82 46
22 50
134 96
22 50
93.71
Problem Solvers 16K STATIC
RAM 450nS
16K STATIC RAM 250nS
Jade 8K static RAM BOARD
450nS ..
94 50
Jade BK static RAM BOARD
104.95
350nS
Jade 8K static RAM BOARD
250n5
127.50
S.D Sales "EXPANDORAM"
Dynamic Memory 375nS access
134 96
22 50
189.00
229 00
189 00
297.00
337 00
297 00
553 00
513 00
S100 COMPUTER CARDS KIT

Mother Board
71 00
Desk Top Rack. 12 slot mother
board + 15A @8V, 2A @:_, 16V
199.00
Jade 8080A CPU BOARD 75.00
Jade 280 CPU BOARD 2M1-tz
99.95
Jade 280 CPU BOARD 4MHz
.
11250
Jade Serial; Parallel 110 BOARD
EDITORIAL
ADVERTISING
PRODUCTION
93.70
2708/2716
Jade
BOARD
EPROM
.... ......
(16x2708
2708s
or
44.95
2716) WITH
97.46
Jade REAL TIME CLOCK BOARD
Halvon W. Moorshead
Ron Harris B.Sc
Gary Evans
Jim Perry
Phil Cohen B.Sc, William King
John Koblanski
Steve Ramsahadeo
Paul Edwards
Margaret Hewitt
Andrew Scott
Kim Hamlin, Bren Goodwin
Tim Salmon, Val Tregidgo
Mark Strathern (Manager), Tom Moloney
--
270 0,0
296 00
time 8K
113.25
Memory 375nS access time 16K

11.75
hopefully, for the readers. Computing Today,

although presented free with ETI, is just such a new
magazine, which will have a style and identity of its
own.
Computing Today will cover the fields of computing, from the home, education, and small business
viewpoints. Computing to us will mean everything
from the complete small business system, floppies
and all, to a single bit micro in a control application.
The growth of small systems over the past few
:.ears has been astounding the reasons for this
zrowth are many and varied we won't go into them
here and it is our hope that the next few years will
see this expansion maintained.
One of the reasons for launching Computing Today
was the fact that it was no longer possible to devote
enough space within ETI to cover this important area
:f small systems without sacrificing other features of
ETI that are equally important to many of our
readers. ETI plus CT will allow us to keep everybody
Although this first issue of CT is only 32 pages, if

growth we mentioned is maintained, rest assured
at CT will grow to keep pace.
This first issue of CT is published to coincide with
e launch of the TRITON, an exciting new system for
..e hobbyist/education areas. CT has similar, equally
x::ting projects in the pipeline and if you don't want
--miss out on important news and developments in
_reputing be sure to read us every month.
- NOVEMBER 1978
19 95
142 50
19 95
-----
The first issue of any magazine is an exciting time

certainly for the people working on the project and,
COMPUTING TODAY
119 96
VERSAFLOPPY DISK CONTROLLER (up to4 drives 5'/e orb
INTRODUCTION
apps-.
19.95
513.00
112 50
SHUGART
8_
PERTEC 514
Drive
Drive
Components
2708 1024x8 EPROM 6 99
2716 2048x8 EPROM 29 90
(intel)
2516 2048
x 8 EPROM
29 90
lequivalent of above) T
1702 256x8 EPROM
2107B-4 4096x1 DRAM

3 50
26 00
8 for
Note New Low Prices 16K
Memory
9 99
4115 5kM DRAM
4116 16kx1 DRAM 14 99
108 00
8 for
5 90
6821P PIA
4 50
AY 51013 UART
6 50
AY51014 UART(5V)
9 99
AY53600 ENCODER
E8 99
8080A CPU
Prices EXCLUDE VAT @
Trade discounts on Quantity

Please add 1 00 P&P for
S100 items then add VAT @
8%
24 -hr Ansaphone order service
with ACCESS or BARCLAYCARD
MAIL ORDER ONLY
'
"
21L02-1 450nS
8 for
1.20
7 92
21L02 250nS
8 for
2112-1 256x4 (450)
4044 4Kx1 (450)
4045 Kx4 (450)
1
4 85
21044096x1 DRAM 3 50
26 00
8 for
165 00
385 00
225 00
40
9.60
2 25
7 45
8 25
Used North Star Mini disk system + controller + some sott ware
399 00
8212
2 49
.
8216
8224-4
8226
3881
3882
S100 Skts
Textool 24 pin Zero
force Skt
4115 8kx1 DRAM
81LS95
81LS97
2.75
7.46
2 95
9 50
9 50
3 30
5 60
9 99
1 25
1.25
For components please add

40p P&P, then add VAT @ 8%.
AIRAMCO LTD'
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KA22 8BR
TEL
0294 65530
Semiconductor prices are

always changing and the trend
[-E;l
generally downwards So
ring for latest up-to-date details
is
'
NS
COMPUTER SYSTEMS LIMITED
scT<
Q4,
NASCOM
Z80 Microcomputer kit

Undoubtedly the finest value for money
kit available anywhere. Fully socketed.
INTERFACE FOR:
TV (UHF)
TV Monitor
Cassette
Teletype
32k Ram expansion board
The new low cost VDU - Tangerine 1 648

(See page 16, ETI, Oct '78 for feature details)
ORDERING INFORMATION
The normal KIT price is 139.86, which includes postage, packing and insurance and VAT @ 8% HOWEVER,
as an introductory gesture we are discounting this price
by 10, for all orders received postmarked BEFORE 12th
May be seen working

- 5 p.m. Mon. -Fri.
December, 1978.
If you require further information, send an A4 sized
self-addressed envelope If you wish to purchase a kit
please send
9 a.m.
Callers welcome
cheque or money order made payable to.
TANGERINE COMPUTER
SYSTEMS LIMITED
RIVERMILL LODGE, LONDON ROAD, ST. IVES,
CAMBS. PE17 4BR
Tel. St. Ives (0480) 65666
Price 197.50 + VAT (8%)

Callers welcome
STRATHAND
Callers welcome
44 ST. ANDREW'S SQ.

GLASGOW 01 5PL
041-552 6731
welcome wdl Access
SUPER SMART NEW MONITOR FOR NASCOM OWNERS

FEATURES INCLUDE:-FULLY COMPATIBLE with existing hardware/software; NEW
TAPE I/O 4 TIMES FASTER with extensive error checking (see cassettes below);
INTELLIGENT COPY command for program relocation; ARITHMETIC for address and
offset calculation; HEX KEYBOARD function
throw away your ASCII tables!; SUPER SHIFT allows all displayable characters to be entered from the keyboard; FLAG DISPLAY
shows the flags set
C, Z etc. when using the EXTENDED REGISTER DISPLAY which
shows the IX, IY etc. registers as well; SUBROUTINES include:-PSEUDO RANDOM
NUMBER GENERATOR; ASCII to PACKED BCD and vice-versa; VARIABLE INTERRUPTABLE DELAY; CHARACTER STRING OUTPUT; TABLE SEARCH; STRING
OUTPUT; CURSOR MOVEMENT; AUTO -RUN facility allows a high-speed tape to be
loaded and program executed with no operator intervention.
B.BUG is supplied in 2 x 2708 EPROMS which plug into your existing sockets. NO
MODIFICATIONS NEEDED. Demand will be high and orders will be handled in strict
rotation. Delivery currently ex -stock so ORDER NOW AND BE A "B.B.'!
B BUG
C10
in
2x2708's only 23.40 including documentation.
DATA CASSETTES
...
35 pence each (Nascom, Pet, TRS80, Apple, etc.).
Please add 30p p&p for orders under 10. VAT inclusive. E&O.E. Dealer enquiries welcome.
VIEWFAX LTD.
KING EDWARD BUILDING, CORPORATION STREET,

BIRMINGHAM B4 6SE.
4
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
We take
look at one of the most advanced CPUs evaluation kits
The Nascom
Reviewed
*
e.
stit,/eII NEREM
.115r118111seaaw11
Rera11111s11111.
THE NASCOM 1 Microcomputer kit was launched by

Lynx Electronics at the Wembley Conference in
November 1977. At that time, a sales figure of 500 kits
was anticipated but it has been so popular that orders
in excess of 10 000 kits have now been received. A
look at the main features of Nascom 1 will explain this
success.
For 197.50, you get:
A Z-80 CPU,
an uncommitted PIO,
2K of static RAM,
a powerful 1K monitor (in a 2708 EPROM),
a TV modulator,
a full keyboard (assembled),
cassette or RS 232 interface (but not both at the
same time),
an IM6402 UART,
a double -sided PCB with plated -through holes,
all other active and passive components, wire,
solder and complete documentation.
The system is easily ex pandable thr ough a 43 -way

edge connector but there is no on -b oard buffering
(due to cost) although Nascom's pl ans for future
expansion include a buffer board. In order to have a
working microcomputer, only a power supply and a
domestic TV need be supplied, plus an ordinary
portable cassette machine for program storage.
Construction
Constructing the kit is an easy task for the experienced constructor and even the first -timer should
have no difficulty, providing the detailed and comprehensive instructions are followed carefully. It is, if
there are over 50 ICs,
anything, a little tedious
sockets are provided for all of them.
The PCB is worth special mention for its superb
quality
a really professional job. All component
and wiring positions are clearly marked on the board
in a totally unambiguous fashion and since the
instructions include a detailed section on component
identification, there should be no location problems.
The PCB has wire links to be made, each selecting a
possible user option. Two deal with I/O port and
memory selection, three with the UART and one with
the on -board crystal clock. The instructions show
standard connections for these links and explain the
variations. They could also be replaced by miniature
'Doggie switches to allow experimentation.
The keyboard is supplied pre -assembled and needs

only the addition of the RESET switch to complete it.
Again due to cost considerations, it is not ASCII
coded, but is scanned by hardware under software
control. Early keyboards had no engraving on the key
tops for shifted characters but this has been corrected.
in a new version, which also has a more positive key
action. However, both suffer from the amazing lack
of a left-hand shift key!
Another minor criticism is the method of connection between the PCB and the keyboard. A multicore
cable with a 16 pin DIL header plug is used at each
end, which means that any strain on the cable is taken
by the soldered joints. A proper ribbon cable with
crimped connections to header plugs would be a
much more satisfactory solution.
Power supply
The power supply requirements are:
+ 12V @ 150mA,
+ 5V @ 2A,
-5V @ 90mA
and -12V @ 12mA (for RS232 only).
Lynx supply a PSU kit as an extra but it does rather
let down an otherwise excellent product. The kindest
thing I could say about the design is that it is unusual.
It allows for further PSU kits to be `parallelled off' for
expansion. Early PCBs also has the + and - rail
one of the IC regulators' conmarkings reversed
nections are incorrect, although the outline is right.

There is no provision for diodes to protect against
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
15
14
16
06USEL
FROM IC36
PIN 6
74LS123
TO
IC11
PIN 5
(lee text)
Fig. 1. Circuit to overcome 'snow' on multiple VDU RAM access.
This can be simply corrected by using the circuit in

Fig. 1 Pin 5 of IC 11 should be bent out from the socket
and the connection made with an insulated `sodercon'
socket. Increase the potentiometer value until the
snow just disappears.
OFFF
USER RAM
0050
0C4F
MONITOR WORKSPACE
0000
OBFF
VIDEO RAM
0800
07FF
SECOND EPROM SOCKET
ON PCB (UNUSED IN KIT)
0400
03FF
NASBUG EPROM
0000
Fig. 2. System memory
voltage crossover (although diodes are supplied in the

kit).
Now for the good n ews
the PSU is being corn pletely re -designed and the parallel expansion
approach dropped. Ins tead there will be an 8 amp kit
for larger systems.
Memory and VDU
Before moving on to the operation of the kit, there are
a couple of other hardware points to be mentioned. Firstly, the arrangement for resetting the
CPU (by means of the RESET switch) would have to
be altered for use with dynamic RAM expansion. CPU
operation is suspended for as long as the RESET
button is held down, so dynamic RAM s (assuming
they are refreshed by the Z-80) would soon forget
what they were doing. The buffer board will contain
circuitry to correct this.
Secondly, the modulator seems to produce a very
noisy signal. Picture quality is, to a large extent,
dependant on the ability of a domestic TV to reject
noise. Fortunately, commercial modulators are very
cheap to buy and easy to fit to the NASCOM 1, as
there is a 1V video signal output from the board.
NASCOM 1 uses a memory -mapped VDU, which
means that the video RAM is shared with the CPU,
the latter having priority. The instructions say that
the video is blanked during VDU RAM access by the
CPU but this is only partially true. In fact, the
blanking signal (VDUSEL) is not long enough, so that
a noise signal which shows as `snow', especially on
multiple VDU RAM access, appears on the screen.
6
Display Format
The format of the d isplay is 48 characters wide by 16
lines deep, which pr oduces a very readable picture on
a domestic TV. The remaining 256 bytes (1024
(48 x
16) = 256) of the 1K video RAM block are in the
margin of the display, since the video RAM address
counter is not disabled during the undisplaye d portions of the video signal. In addition, the bott om 15
lines of t he display (plus margins) are scrolled by the
monitor, making the unused RAM locations us eless.
The fact that only 15 lines are scrolled leaves the
top line for header text or data. Thi s is a very useful
feature, since almost all programs c an make use of a
fixed display line. Figure 4 gives details of the VDU
addressing and scrolling.
Operating System
The operating system is held in a 2708 (1K x 8)
EPROM, which goes by the name of NASBUG. Since
July, kits have been supplied containing NASBUG
MK2 as the orig final version contained an error in the
serial input routine and a couple of errors in the
keyboard look -up table. However, these facts should
not detract from the excellent software which is
crammed into the 1K of NASBUG.
To call a command, only a single letter need be
entered, followed by a n umber of arguments in HEX.
Leading zeroes may alw ays be omitted on input.
The commands are as fo llows:
modify: M aaaa
The monitor responds by printing address aaaa followed by the contents of that memory location,
followed by a prompt and the cursor. If only
examination of the memory location is required,
pressing NEWLINE will step through the memory
sequentially, printing information in the same format.
The command is aborted by fullstop newline. Memory
may be modified by entering new data after the
prompt.
tabulate: T aaaabbbb
Prints on the screen the contents of memory between
addresses aaaa and bbbb.
copy: C aaaa bbbb cccc
Copies a block of memory, length cccc, from address
aaaa to bbbb. Care must be taken that either bbbb is
greater than aaaa plus cccc or that bbbb is less than
aaaa, otherwise the data block will be corrupted.
execute: E aaaa
Executes a program starting at address aaaa. There
are two occasions when no argument is required.
Firstly, if a program is aborted by the RESET button,
E NEWLINE will cause execution to start at the same
place as the previous E command. Secondly, at a
breakpoint, E with no argument will cause execution
to resume from the breakpoint.
break: B aaaa
Will insert a special code at address aaaa in a user
program. When this code is encountered during
execution it will cause the program to stop, display
COMPUTING TODAY - NOVEMBER
1978
Nascorn
.080A-
UNSCROLLED TOP LINE
OBF9
08,79
LINE 1
LINE 2
ÒRCA
t
15
SCROLLED
LINES
48 (HEX 301 WIDE
0B79
LINE 15
LINE 16
OB4A
OB8A
0869
>4
DISPLAYED AREA
MARGIN
MARGIN
BYTES
---"6
10 BYTES
Fig. 4. VDU diagram
the regist ers and transfer control to th e monitor. This

means th at any of the monitor co mm ands may then
be used. The BREAK command tog ether with the
STEP command provide very powerful debugging
tools.
step: S aaaa
Will cause single step execution from address aaaa,
with the registers displayed as in break at each step.
Once single stepping is started, only NEWLINE need
be pressed for the next stop and as with the execute
command, the address will be assumed at a break point.
dump: D aaaa bbbb
Dumps the contents of memory locations aaaa to
bbbb to the serial out put. Data is sent in blocks of 8
bytes, each with an address and checksum.
load: L
The opposite of dump. Loads data fro m the serial
input (usually from cassette). The input format is the
same as the dump output format (which is useful!).
Reflective Addressing
The monitor is made even more powerful by the use
of 'reflective addressing' in the RAM. Some of the
major routine addresses and data are found by the
monitor by looking in certain RAM locations. The
locations are set up at RESET but they can be
changed manually (or during the course of a program).
The following data are found reflectively:
NMI routine address (used in single step and
breakpoint exit),
command table address,
CRT address which controls cursor and scrolling,
keyboard scanning routine address
address of the keyboard lookup tab le and its length
and the stack pointer address for user programs
(i.e. end of RAM).
The use of reflection and a scanning keyboard gives
NASCOM .1 the advantage that the meaning of the
CONTROL BUS
EXTERNAL
>
SET
SELECT
INPUTS
OECOOING
LOKiIC
1011MElUTEO
IJ
DOMESTIC
TV
NO]ll_ltllq
NMI
f\A5LiG
0GIC EOq
SiNGII
SEEP
VIDEO
(HIGH ORDER,
+J
M<31181
ADDRESS BUS
?9O
VIDEO
4`1 lope
VNIPflO
OPERATING
PROGRAM
,.-
nl
-413
+x;ln
F
CLOCK
-.-0
CLOCK
4n,
OPTIONAL
oATA pb$
R"N
E
Fig. 5. Block diagram of NASCOM system
CLOCK
BUFFERS AND
VEL CHANGE
SERIAL IN
,)CASSETTE
FOR
TAPE
RIAL OUT
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
OR
TELETYPE
Nascom
keys may be changed with ease and various combinations of simultaneous key pressing can easily be
detected and acted upon. An example of the use of
this feature is a program called SUPERSHIFT, by
Richard Beal, The @ key is utilised as a sort of control
key, enabling the complete character set of the MCM
6576 character generator to be used via the keyboard.
Summary
THE TOTAL SOLUTION FROM
ALMARC
Overall, the NASCOM 1 is an excellent unit. It is easy

to level criticism at any product, especially one which
has been designed down to a price. rather than up to a
specification, but I think that the compromise has
been very successful in this case. There have been
delays in the delivery, mainly caused by underestimation of demand, which in turn has caused delays
in the development and despatch of the advertised
add-on goodies (up to and including mini -floppy).
Hurry up, Lynx.
To finish on a personal note, I've been using my
NASCOM 1 for about 5 months (it worked first time)
and I am very happy indeed with it. I can hardly wait
for 16K and an assembler (MENTAL NOTE: Must
send Christmas card to bank manager), although 1 am
continually surprised at what can be squeezed into
the 944 bytes available. The monitor is easy to use and
fairly comprehensive, bearing in mind that it is only
1K. Debugging is a doddle with breakpoint and single
step. NASCOM 1 is a real microcomputer at a
relatively low cost and should be easily expandable to
a really powerful system.
OF COURSE!
Now Almarc & Vector Graphic otter the complete solution to your
computing
needs for E2300.00'. The Vector MZ needs only t he addition of a
V.D.U.
It's ready to go. Completely assembled and fully I ested, the Vector MZ and
offers
the following features as standard
S-100 bus
4 MHz Z80A processor
158 instructions
Two quad density Micropolis floppies
Serial port
- over 630k
bytes on line
Two parallel ports

32K static ram
12K prom/ram board with extended monitor
Extended disc Basic
Simply connect your peripherals (Elbit V.D.Us & Centronics printers are
available from Almarc) and you're up and running and, because the MZ uses
the S-100 bus, you can plug in a massive range of add-on units.
Ring or write for
demonstration to
ALMARC DATA SYSTEMS LTD.

29 Chesterfield Drive
Burton Joyce, Nottingham
Tel: 0602 248565
'Discount terms available
56 -STATION ASCII KEYBOARD

NOW IN
STOCK-ASCII KEYBOARD MODEL

SELF -SCAN
ALPHANUMERIC
PANEL DISPLAY
16/18 position display
with 64 character repertoire, 5 x 7 dot matrix Input 6 -bit BCD -code,
Full 128 character set with ROM

encoder (Upper and lower case +
power
+
control shift)
requirements
5v, -12v Character size
40" x 0 28"
Overall
dimensions 8 Y." x 2'/."
e 11/4"
Supplied with
full technical data Price
0
Fully TTL-compatible power

requirements + 5v -12v.
Supplied with full technical data,
code chart, pin connections, circuit
diagram and application notes.
FANTASTIC
VALUE AT 60
+ E1.50 pEtp
500+75p PaP+8%
VAT (Mail
[60 211
order total
KB756
BALL MIRATEL
VIDEO MONITOR
9" diagonal P4 phosphor
tube Bandwidth 12 MHz
1-3dBl
Input voltage
220V 50/60 Hz 24W Output voltage + 15V DC
(short circuit protected)
+ 12kV DC; 12 6V rms
Supplied complete with
high Et low voltage power
supplies, amplifier, and
attractive
moulded
plastic housing including

space for keyboard Price
95 00+ carriage + VAT
+ 8% VAT (mail order total 66 42)
VISUAL DISPLAY UNIT

SPECIAL P URCHAS E- MITE HAZELTINE
* Teletype Compatible
Diagonal Screen
1 23P Alphanumeric *
* TTY Format Keyboard
12"
printer mechanisms
BRAND NEW SURPLUS

ONLY
75
+3.50 P &P +8% VAT

(Mail'order total 84.18)
-Solenoid-operated page printer using

standard reversible typewriter ribbon.
Prints standard 64 -ASCII character set
on 8Y/" paper 180 characters per line, 6
lines to the inch/. Maximum speed 11
cps. Power requirements 115VDC
Compact, light -weight unit
93/albs,
12" x 9" x 23/4',' Supplied complete with
full technical manual.
We also specialise in: DEC minis-PDP8 and PDP11 processors, add-on memory,
peripherals and spares Hard copy terminals-ASR 33 and KSR 33 Teletypes, Data
Dynamics 390, Texas Silent 700 Send for complete lists
1ELECTRONIC BROKERS LTD.

I
8
49-53 Pancras Road, London NW1 2QB.

Tel: 01-837 7781. Telex: 298694.
12 lines
*
*
Transmission Speeds up
to 9600 baud
Switch -selectable Parity
Standard CCITT V.24 Inter
of 80 characters
* 64 ASCII Character Set

* 5 x 7 Dot Matrix
* Switch -selectable
MODEL H-1000
PRICE
carriage
and VAT
Also available:
Model H-1200: Specification as for H-1000 except 24 lines of 80
characters displayed. Price 425.00+carriage+VAT.
Model H-2000: Buffered/Editing model with direct cursor
addressing, dual intensity video, and detachable keyboard with
separate numeric and edit clusters. 27 lines of 74 characters.
Price 495.00 + carriage + VAT
A copy of tracing
condttons supplted on reque
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
This month we feature the
first part of
software teaching series
Beginning BASIC
PART1
Algorithms and flow charts
IT IS, UNFORTUNATELY, VERY EASY when

watching a computer in action to subconsciously
under no
endow the machine with intelligence
BEGINNING POINT OF ALGORITHM
circumstances is this the case.

Regardless of whether you are programming in the
simplest of machine codes or the most sophisticated
of high level languages, there is no way that the
computer can do anything other than what it has
been programmed to do, and the signs of intelligence
that we seem to detect are present only because of the
skill of th e programmer. In fa ct. programming today
is becom ing quite a m ajor business area, s imply
because o f the amount of skill involved. As with every
other trade, however, there are various tools which
are at the disposal of the programer to help in in his
work one of the most important of these being the
flow chart.
It does not matter what language we program in, be
it machine code or BASIC, the technique of drawing
and using flow charts is always the same.
We start with a problem, find an algorithm (finding
an algorithm for a problem means finding a method of
giving a complete and correct solution to the problem
in a finite number of steps) to solve the problem, draw
the flow chart and then write the program from the
flow chart. In order that one programer can under-
END POINT OF ALGORITHM
USED TO INCLUDE ALGEBRAIC OR LOGICAL PROCESSES
DECISION BOX USED TO INTRODUCE A MULTI -WAY BRANCH

INTO A FLOW CHART
stand another's work, certain conventions are

adopted when drawing flow charts (see Fig 1).
As a first example of algorithm and flow chart
drawing, we will take the case of a young person
applying for membership of a Social Club, wishing to
discover what fees are payable as an annual sub-
DENOTES INPUT FROM KEYBOARD OR OTHER

INPUT PERIPHERAL
DENOTES OUTPUT TO TELETYPE, VDU OR OTHER

OUTPUT PERIPHERAL
CONNECTORS USED
HEHE TWO OR MORE LINES MEET
USED IN COMPLEX FLOW CHARTS WHERE BOX INTER

CONNECTION LINES WOULD OTHERWISE NEED TO CROSS
scription.
Consider the following

"The annual subscripti on for a man is 10, unless he
under the age of 25, w hen the subscription shall be
_.alved. The annual subscription for a woman shall be
unless she is under 25, when the subscription shall
De halved. Married women applying for membership
al] be charged half the amount payable by a single
Dman over 25."
In this instance, it is unnecessary to find an
Jgorithm to solve the problem as we are only going
use the flow chart as a means of simplifying the
wealth of information given above (see Fig 2).
So. for example, if you are a married female, it takes
only a moment's glance at Fig 2 to answer the
questions "Are you a man?" (no) and "are you
serried?" (yes) to arrive at the knowledge that your
subscription shall be 4.
You can see from this example how the flow chart
-1_os to clarify and simplify an otherwise apparently
axnplicated problem.
We will now go on to consider the generation of an
georithm and to see how a flow chart can be drawn
-ice an algorithm has been obtained. As an example,
,
COII1PUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
USED TO DENOTE THE FACT THAT THE PROGRAM BRANCHES

TO A SUB -ROUTINE AT THIS POINT 'TN THIS CASE, LABELLED B)
Fig. 1. Flowcharting symbols
we will look at how it might be possible to get a

computer to generate a representation of, and ran domly shuffle, a pack of cards.
The first thing we need to do is to decide what
would be an acceptable representation of the pack.
We could reasonably consider the problem solved if
the computer could be made to generate a list of the
numbers 1 to 52 in a random order, so that each
number from 1 to 52 would represent a different card.
The first method that springs to mind is to get the
computer to open a set of 52 storage locations. The
first random number between 1 and 52 can then be
generated and placed in storage location number 1
(the method used to generate the random numbers is
9
START
START
YES
YES
SUBSCRIPTION
5
A=1
SUBSCRIPTION
10
YES
SUBSCRIPTION
4
NO
GENERATE
RANDOM
NUMBER R
BETWEEN 1 & 52
SUBSCRIPTION
8
1 SUBSCRIPTION
PUT R
IN
STORAGE
STOP
ADD 1
TO A
LOCATION
A
Fig. 2. Fee fie foe or fum?
unimportant as far as the flow chart is concerned). A

second random number is then generated and placed
in storage location number 2, a third number in
storage location 3, and so on until all 52 storage
locations have been filled.
Fig 3 shows a flow chart to describe this algorithm.
That appeared quite simple, didn't it? But if we give
the problem some further consideration, you will see
it is possible, since the numbers we are generating are
random, to have generated two numbers which are
the same. Indeed, this is most likely. This would mean
that we would have at least two cards the same
within one pack, and so our algorithm must be
considered incomplete (though on the right track). To
make the algorithm work correctly, we will have to
include some form of check to ensure that when a
number is generated which has already been used, it
is not included in the list (see Fig 4 for a flow chart
which takes this point into account). If you look
through Fig 4, you will see that a number is generated
and then a check is made through all the storage
locations that have already been filled to see if the
number we have just generated has occurred before.
If it has, then the number is ignored and a new
random number is generated and checked; if it has
not, then it is inserted into the next empty storage
location. We then jump back and generate another
random number and the process continues until all 52
storage locations have been filled.
This algorithm and subsequent flow chart would
appear to be quite sufficient to solve the problem. But
10
NO
STOP
Fig. 3. Take a card, any card
..
let us now consider this flow chart converted into a

program and being run on a computer. Remember.
every operation the computer executes takes some
finite time to perform, albeit small, so that the more
o perations that need to be performed, the longe r the
p rogram will take to run. This may appear to have
b een an obvious state ment, but let us take a look now
at our algorithm, bearing this point in mind. When we
start off, with all storage locations empty, the first
number we generate can be guaranteed not to have
occurred before (though looking at the flow chart you
will see that the computer does not know this) and
can therefore be inserted straight into the first
storage location. As the program proceeds, however
and more storage locations filled, it becomes more
and more ikely that the g enerated random number
will, after some considera ble checking, have to be
abandoned and re-generat ed, until, when there are
1
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
BASIC
START
GE NE P ATE
RANDOM
NUMBER R
BETWEEN L 52
PUTAIN
AD D
TC A
STOF AGE
LOCATION A
NO
i2?
YES
GENERATE
RANDOM
NUMI3ER R
PUT R
IN LOCATION
A
IRETWEF.N
AD
T(
& 52
vE5
EXCH. ANGE
CONTENTS
OF STORAGE
LOCATIONS
Fig. 4. The new routine.
only two or three locations left to fill, we may have to
generate and extensively check many tens of
numbers to find one of the few remaining acceptable

numbers. If the computer was made to print out each
number as it was generated, we would notice a longer
and longer time interval elapsing between the
generation of consecutive numbers. Problems like
this occur frequently when converting algorithms,
where a solution which initially appeared to be
tisfactory turns out to have some practical difficulties associated with it on closer inspection.
Fig 5 shows the flow chart of an algorithm designed
overcome the previous problem.
It starts by putting 1 in storage locations 1; 2 in
:vacation 2; 3 in location 3; and so on until all 52
vacations are filled, which in effect lays the cards out
XL sequence through the pack. It then takes the first
vocation and exchanges its contents with the contents
another randomly chosen location, then the con cats of location 2 are exchanged with the contents of
Ji second randomly chosen location; the contents of
ovation 3 are then exchanged with the contents of a
-d randomly chosen location, and so on until the
.rtents of all 52 storage locations have been ran 11y exchanged in this manne r. You may be a little
sceptical as to whether the pack of cards thus
,aerated
was truly random. Experiments have,
Towever, convinced us that it is. As you can see, there
v never any need to generate more than
52
random
-in-lbers, because whatever the number generated

COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
YES
B52?
STOP
Fig. 5. The British Shuffle?
turns out to be, we are always guaranteed to use it, as

it does not matter whether it has been generated
before or not. Converting both of these flow charts
into programs and running them on a computer, we
discovered that this latter algorithm ran

approximately ten times as fast, on average, as the
first algorithm, so that there is a great saving in
computer time used.

Looking through the algorithms and flow charts,
you should begin to see that every operation a
computer performs has to be very carefully planned
and mapped out if a worthwhile program is to result.
Although able to operate at extremely high speeds,
the computer is merely manipulating pulses of electrical current according to a set of rules which the
programmer lays down which, by careful manipulation and interpretation, can be made to have
meaning.
Next month we will go on to consider the high-level
programing language, BA SIC, but do not forget the
above routines, for when we have learnt sufficient
BASIC, we will be returning to look at them again and
(li
see how they can be implemented
11
From Science of Cambridge:

the new MK 14.
5 V
regulator
PROM -512 bytes
Power rails and
RAM -256 bytes
input/output edge connector
Extra RAM
(optional)
4
RAM I/O device
(optional)
43 MHz crystal
8 -digit, 7 -segment
LED display
PROM 512 bytes
RAM
L_
-256 bytes
Extra RAM
(optional)
Display and keyboard CPU

interface circuitry.
MK 14 including
optional RAM I/O
and Extra RAM.
Edge connector
for
external keyboard with

up to 32 keys
MK 14 -a complete computer for

39.95 (+8% VAT)
The MK 14 is a complete microcomputer with
a keyboard, a display, 8 a 512 -byte preprogrammed PRO\ls, and a 256 -byte RAM
programmable through the keyboard
As such the MK 14 can handle dozens of user written programs through the hexadecimal
keyboard (20 sample programs are provided in
the Manual -which also contains
comprehensive building instructions, and
instructions on program -w sting
Yet in kit form (which can be assembled by
any fairly experienced kit -builder', the MK 14
costs only 39 95 (+3 20 VAT, and p&p)
But that's only the start ....
The memory capacity ofthc basic kit is
surprisingly powerful -but every computer
owner, from a schoolboy to a multi -national
corporation, soon feels the need for more
memory
With the MK14, it's yours!
Optional extras include an additional
256 -byte RAM, and a 16 -line external input/
output device (allowed for on the PCB; 'a h ich
give a further 128 bytes of RAM
And the next step?

The next step is to add your ow n peripherals'
The first could be a low-cost module which
pros ides an interface with a standard
cassette -recorder. This means s ou can use
ordinary tape -cassettes for the storage of data
and programs
To get the best from this configuration, you
could uprate your system n ith a revised
monitor -consisting oft replacement PROMs,
pre-programmed with sub -routines for the
interface, offset calculation and single step, and
single -operation data entry
The second peripheral could be your own
PROM programmer and blank PROMs to
setup your own pre-programmed dedicated
applications (Fusible-link device guarantees
program safety )
All are available now to owners of MK 14 and remember Science of Cambridge keep you
up to date automatically with advances in the
MK14 range. A TV interface device is already
in the pipeline!
A valuable tool and a training aid

As a computer, it handles operations of all types
-from complex games to digital alarm clock
functioning, from basic maths to a pulse delay

chain Programs are in the Manual, together
with instructions for creating your own
genuinely valuable programs
And, of course, it's a superb education and
training aid -providing an ideal introduction to
computer technology
SPECIFICATIONS
MK 14
* Hexadecimal keyboard
* 8 -digit, 7 -segment LED display
* 8 x 512 PROM, containing monitor program
and interface instructions
* 256 bytes of RAM
* 4 MHz crystal
* 5 V regulator
* Single 8 V power supply
* Space available for extra 256 -byte RAM and
16 port I/O
Edge connector access to all data lines and
I/O ports
Optional Extras
* Extra RAM -256 bytes
* RAM I/O device
12
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
Simplest, most advanced,

most flexible microcomputer
-in kit form.
Cassette interface module and Manual
=
=
Cassette interface module

Revised monitor
PROM programmer
Blank PROMS
Free Manual
ery MK 14 Microcomputer kit includes a
Manual which deals with procedures from
soldering techniques, through programming
and use of RAM I/0 to interfacing I ith complex
izernaJ equipment It contains operational
Instructions and examples for training
ications, and numerous programs including
r -h routines (square root, etc), digital alarm
_cck_ single-step, music box, mastermind and
cn landing games, self-replication, general
ose sequencing, etc
et.
Designed for fast, easy assembly

31 -piece kit includes everything you need
make a full-scale working microprocessor,
in= 15 chips, a 4 -part keyboard, display
usr_eace components, to PCB, switch
How to get your MK 14

Getting your MK 14 kit is easy Just fill in the
coupon below , and post it to us today, with a
cheque or PO made payable to Science of
Cambridge And, ofcourse, it comes to you with
a comprehensive guarantee If for any reason,
ou're not completely satisfied w ith a our MK 14.
return it to us w ithin 14 days for a full cash
refund
Science of
Cambridge
Science of Cambridge Ltd,
6 Kings Parade. Cambridge, Cambs., CB2 1SN.
Telephone: Cambridge (0223) 311488
rTo: Scfence ofCambridge Ltd. 6 Kings Parade. Cambridge, Cambs., CB21SN.

I
Please send me the fullnwmg. rlu< detail% ninth er peripherals:

MK 14 Standard Microcomputer Kit L-4355 inc 40p p&p.
Extra RAM L3 88 inc p&p
RAM I/O device n 8 42 inc p&p
I
enclose cheque/money order/PO fort
(indicate total amount.)
Name
Address (please print)
Iran -cm2s
\1K 14 can be assembled by anyone with

p soldering iron and a few hours' spare
name- _s ng the illustrated step-by-step
711 Z-
e_-
eons provided
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
Alloy, 21 dens
deli, en
13
The exciting
new
Triton computer
from
TRAu \
Complete kit
available
immediately
for only 286
The
..
first
British -designed
home computer kit
with basic IN ROM
and graphics.
The single -board
design makes the
computer easy to
Building
better computer wasn't easy

but we did it.
construct, and
when complete,
a very compact and
powerful tool for
home, educational
and industrial use.
TAINAM
HAS A FULL RANGE OF MICROS

AND SUPPORT, PLUS SOFTWARE
TAINAG\A
BRINGS YOU "MEMORY BANK"
A FULL MEMORY SERVICE
TRAINAM
TRANSAM COMPONENTS LTD.

12 CHAPEL STREET
LONDON NW1. TEL: 402 8137
NEXT TO EDGWARE ROAD TUBE STATION MET

TRITON COMPUTER IS THE TRADE MAKE OF
TRANSAM COMPONENTS LTD
14
LINE
All components can be

bought separately and
a fully comprehensive
Triton manual is
available for 5
or send 30p+SAE for
our latest catalogue
and price list.
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
This unit allows you to program your microprocessor from a prerecorded cassette
or to record your own program for later use. Design by Trevor Marshall.
CUTS
assette
Interface
REPEATEDLY TYPING IN proorams is not what hobby computing

:s about. Although most systems
start life without any form of offline mass storage, as more memory
=s added so more programs are
written and the need for some form
:f storage becomes more press.g. The ideal device for this job is
:robably the floppy disk, but this is
expensive and (b) usually dedi_ated to one processor or bus struc_re. Many hobbyists are running
several small systems, and a device
which is less convenient but more
_: ted to their needs (and pockets)
:he humble cassette recorder.
This interface is designed to con the digital signals from your
=-nputer to audio tones and back
= a_n. using a standard system cal elf CUTS (Computer Users' Tape
stem), which is also referred to as
Kansas City or Byte format.
71-__s records data at 300 baud, with a
'l' recorded as eight cycles of
^Hz and a '0' as four cycles of
^1-Iz. A byte of data is recorded as
a =:. rt bit of logic '0', followed by
bits of data and two stop bits
_:gic '1', and this is taken care of
7, :he CART in your computer.
_
ht
COMPUTING TODAY
Although the standard
is 300
baud, the monitor programs in some

kits allow only 110 baud operation.
and this interface will work at 110
baud. It can also be run faster (up to
1200 baud) to allow faster program
loading.
We have not described a case, as
most constructors will wish to
mount the board either on the back
panel of their computer or in the
VDU. Also switching between VDU
and cassette will depend upon the
user's computer
the ideal situation is to have two UARTs for both
VDU and cassette. but many systems (or rather their monitors) do
not permit this.
Construction
This is simply assembling the PC
board. Take care when handling the
ICs as most are CMOS. As the unit
will probably be built into a system
we have not given any mechanical
assembly details. The record/play
switch can be mounted remotely if
desired.
Alignment
The only adjustments on the unit
are the record frequency and the
- NOVEMBER 1978
monostable period. Switch the unit

to record and monitor the frequency
at any of the baud rate outputs and
adjust RV2 to give the correct
frequency. Now inject a 1200 Hz
tone into the audio input (take of
from the baud rate outputs when in
the record mode) and adjust RV1 to
give a 300us wide pulse at pin 3 of
IC4. If an oscilliscope is not available, setting RV1 to mid position
should be close enough.
Recording
For best results recording should be
done at a relatively low level. We
found that about - 7VU gave the
best results.
Unfortunately the use with a

recorder with an automatic level
control did not prove satisfactory.
This is because the level control
logic is designed for music where
the peak level is about 10dB or more
higher than the average. This cannot cope with a continuous tone
without it being recorded at too
high a level.
One method which has been
suggested to us is to record a high
level high frquency tone (about
18kHz) as well as the signal. Theory )A
15
An
"OK
CL
AO
9.1
EEl_
lOdH1
.+,
91]
03Uf7d
St,
C5
AOC -1
l'
010d
2 91
+5V
470p
AO
DIGITAL
OUTPUT
RV1
100k
rq1.
Il
910
0[!
R7
120k
L3
A.
t1
L*Zi
tir
G3-1-
AO
OI
NOTES:
1H0O90- II
'NOCE
H 09l
:WL
0-.
C--
CI
Cl
91
1r091
EI
PI
Ct
POSI
9l
elN
et
C2
C3
LMS
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
"y
91
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
A CA3130
A 4011
A 4001
A 555
A 4011
A 4013
A 4046
A 4520
A 4001
A 4011
C10
C11
SA 4013
C12
SA78L05
D3 ARE 1N914
ÒNLY ONE SECTION OF IC9 IS
USED RV2 SETS OUTPUT OF 107
TO 19200Hz WHEN SW1 IS IN
RECORD POSITION RV1 SETS OUT
OUTPUT PULSE OF 104 TO 3004s
D1
C7
470p
01
el
019
ti01
fill
24
I^5/4
lt
1n
Alt
A
+5V
Lt.
1,591
01
POI
IC 10/4
9
11
1921
C)-
A .
-i_
UI'b'CJI0J
C1
CI
u
4iZ91
Zl
vcr
EO
470p
Fig. 1. The circuit diagram of the complete

interface. If a 5V supply is used IC 12 can be
deleted.
DIGITAL
INPUT
F-0 AU0IO
OUTPUT
C14
100n
AS -t
16
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
C UTS
H ow
This unit records digital information on
tape in serial form using two tones. 2400 Hz
for a "1" and 1200 Hz for the "0". The
standard transmission rate is 300 baud but
it will work equally well at 600 baud. The
designer has operated his unit at 1200 baud
with success but with only one cycle of 1200
Hz per bit it is more prone to dropout, etc.
Decoder
We will start the explanation of how it
works by assuming you have a prerecorded
tape. The output of the tape recorder
(alternate tones of 1200 and 2400 Hz) is
"squared up" by ICI which is connected as
a schmitt trigger with R3 and R4 providing
the necessary positive feedback.
The gates IC2/l. IC2/2 and IC213 are
used to generate a positive pulse about 3s
wide on both the leading and trailing edges
of the output of ICI. This gives a series of
pulses at either 2400 Hz or 4800 Hz (417ps or
208ps period).
The pulse chain triggers the monostable
IC4 which is 300ps wide. If a second trigger
pulse occurs before the 3000 period (as it
will if the input is 4800 Hz) the second pulse
is simply ignored. The input pulse chain is
gated with the monostable output in IC313,
the resultant output being pulses at 2400 Hz
It Works
whether the input frequency is 2400 or 4800

Hz.
These pulses are used for the reference

for the phase locked loop (PLL) IC7. This IC
contains a phase detector and a voltage
controlled oscillator. The output of the
oscillator is divided by 23 in ICS. After
dividing by 2' (16) IC512, 105/3 and IC5/4
are used to generate 3s wide pulses on
both leading and trailing edges and this
output is the second input to the phase
detector in 1C7. The output of the phase
detector (pin 13) is used to control the
oscillator (input is pin 9) and the two pulse
chains are equalised in frequency and
phase. Using this technique the tape speed
can be varied by up to +20% and the PLL
will track it. The outputs of ICS can be used
to control the UART in the computer. If the
UARTs own clock is used the allowable
tape speed variation is +5%.
To decode the pulse chain into "1" and
"0" and to ensure correct phasing, IC2/4.
IC3/4. IC5/1 and IC6 are used. The
monostable IC4 is triggered at 2400 Hz, and
Its output clocks the D input of IC6/2 into
the output. 106 /1 is used as an R -S flip flop
being "set" if a pulse from IC2/3 occurs
during the "mono" period (if the input is
high frequency) it is reset every 417s by
IC512. However, the information is clocked
into IC6/2 before the reset pulse occurs. If

the input is only a 1200 Hz tone the set p ulse
does not occur and a "0" is strobed into
IC6/2. An examination of the timing diagram in fig. 1 will help clarify the sequence.
Encoder
The encoder is a little more complex than
needed for 300 baud, but it allows operation
at 600 or 1200 baud if needed The output of
IC9, which is a non -symmetrical 2400 Hz,
triggers a 3s monostable IC10/4 which
then toggles IC11 /2 giving a 1200 Hz square
wave output. However, if the "data input"
is a "l", ICI1 / 1 is toggled to give a "1" at pin
1 which enables IC10/2. This then triggers
the monostable IC10/4 midway between
the pulses due to IC9. This then toggles
IC11/2 at twice the rate to give 2400 Hz
output. The clocking of the data input into
IC 11 / is about 1001.is out of phase with the
rest of the timing to give time for the UART
to settle, eliminating any errors due to
propagation delays.
The phase locked loop IC is used only as
a n oscillator in the transmit mode and the
VCO input is switched to a preset voltage
giving the correct frequency.
1
_U1_1_11_11_111 111
_1L_JL
ISJ
OUTPUT OF IC5/4
IPIN 101
105/2
NV,T
IPIN
101T
OUTPUT OF
'11IPIN
31
OUTPUT OF IC519
WIN 11
Fig. 2. The sequence of events in the decoder when receiving
'0,1,0,1' input.
J-Lf LrL'
fLI
-UU-L(1
4919 X,
IC9 PINS
J-Jt_
IC9
-LJ-ZJ
PIN5
OUTPUT OF IC9
PIN 191
INPUT
GITS
PIN
IC11/1AL
OUTPUT OF IC11/1
OUTPUT OF ICI0/2
IPIN CI
_.
Fg. 3. The encoder waveforms
when transmitting a '0,1,0,1.'
COMPUTING TODAY
--I
S-1 I-J-
IPIN
jp
OF ICIO/9
OUTPUT OF IC,1/2
PIN
131
is that this tone will adjust the solves.

We therefore recommend that the
automatic level control while being
too high to be reproduced. However unit be used only with a recorder
it can beat with the bias oscillator with a manual recording control.
causing more problems than it
- NOVEMBER 1978
17
CUTS
AUDIO
DIGITAL
OUTPUT
AUDIO
INPUT
0v
+7V TO +30V
19200Hz
9600Hz
14
LC
m;'117ir
-
INPUT
e_,
x45:01i i
+CI+03
ta
'Q
C15
o+
TT
IC11
13
C11
4800Hz-
2400Hz
1200Hz
600Hz
300Hz
150Hz
75Hz
:-c=6.....:
DIGITAL
SWITCH
OUTPUT
Fig. 4. The component overlay. When using a 5V supply leave

out IC12 and add a link between the two outside holes. C15 can
also be deleted.
Parts List
RESISTORS
(All 1/2w 5%)
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5,6
POTENTIOMETERS
RV1
RV2
330k
120k
47k
C1,14
10k
R12
R13
33k
47R
150R
33k
47k
C2,3,5,6,7,
R17
R18 -R21
R22
100ktrim
25k trim
10k
R7
R8
R9 -R11
R14
R15
R16
18
1M
10k
1k
1M
10k
100k
CAPACITORS
10,11
C4
C8
C9
C12,13
Cl 5
C16,17
100n polyester
470p ceramic
1n5
3u8
2n7
10n
4u7
33u
polyester
25V electrolytic
polystyrene
polyester
35V electrolytic
10V tantalum
SEMICONDUCTORS
CA3130
401
4001
555
4011
4013
IC2
IC3
IC4
IC5
IC6
IC7
IC8
IC9
4046
4520
4001
IC10
ICI
4013
78L05
1N914
D1 -D3
MISCELLANEOUS
PCB as pattern
SW SPDT toggle
1
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
TRITON
LIVERPOOL'S
COMPUTER
SHOP
John Coll, PCW consultant and well

Quality C15 cassettes for your PET,
known to the computer hobbyist
Apple, TRS80, NASCOM 1, etc.
gives his impressions of the TRITON
I've had an early production model of the Triton for

some time and I've been most impressed with it and
with ETI's approach to the project.
10 cassettes for 4.75 including

V.A.T., labels and library cases
P.
Science of Cambridge MK14. Socket Set. 5

X 14 pin, 7 x 16 pin, 3.84 including P. &
P. and V.A.T. Power Supply. 4.86 including
& P. and V A.T
P.
On the hardware side it's clear that the designer

Mike Hughes is a professional. The PCB is cleanly
designed and good provision has been made for

expansion at a future date. The addition of extra
memory and of peripherals like printers and floppy
disks will be a straight forward process. Whilst
economy has been very much borne in mind. There
has been no skimping, everything you need is provided to make a simple useful computer using a
normal TV set as a display. The fact that where tracks
have to go near IC pins, the t racks have be en put on
away from the conthe upper side of the board
is typical of the attention
structors soldering iron
to detail which is evident throughout the design.
Barclaycard and Access accepted.
G)
MICRODIGITAL LTD.
25 BRUNSWICK STREET
LIVERPOOL L2 OBJ
Tel 051-236 0707
- -
interpreter is Li
Chen Wang's Palo Alto tiny BASIC which has been
around for some time and is therefore pretty much
& P.,
NEWBEAR COMPUTING
On the software front the 2K basic
C)
Announcing the SYM-1:-from Synertek

(formally VIM.1)
bug free, ie it works.
The monitor on the other hand is very much a

it works but could be improved con version one
siderably. However, this does not worry me in the
slightest because all the software is in EPROM and
therefore can be easily and cheaply altered. It is
it
difficult to explain just how important that is
means that users will be able to return the monitors to
Transam and get them reprogrammed with the latest
software for a very reasonable sum. It also means that
if you want to use the computer for something else
you can remove the BASIC and use the whole 4K of
EPROM for your special application. This makes the
machine potentially important in the process control
field.
The documentation is good, however it seems only

fair to say that the TOTAL novice would probably
find it difficult to diagnose and repair any obscure
fault. However, Transam's 'Get it going' service
should deal with that in a satisfactory way. The
availability of full source listings for both the monitor
and BASIC will be useful in specialists applications as
well as for the enthusiastic beginner.
that ETI are determined to 'Get this one

right' a nd to support it in the future with further
software and hardware.
I have no hesitation in recommending this kit to
It is c lear
you.
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
*
*
*
Fully assembled an d tested

KI M. compatible.
High speed casser e interface
(240 O baud)
I
*
*
*
199.00 plus 8% VAT 1
1K byte storage. epa ndable

on board to 3K byte
4K byte ROM Monito

Fully expandable
and much much mo re
00 postage and packing
For further details Visit Newbear Computing Store, 2 Gatley Road

Cheadle, Cheshire, 061-491 2290 Or visit, or write to Newbear
Computing Store, 7 Bone Lane, Newbury, Berks. 0635 49223
Send for Catalogues of Hardware Components, Literature and
Software
Room ETI /11

313 Kingston Road, Ilford
Essex IG1 1 PJ, England
01-553 1001
rim
MhNTERPRISES
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Sybex: Microprocessors from Chips to Systems
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20
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
East Coast Report

Proclaimed as the largest show ever,
Personal Computing '78 was held in the
Philadelphia Civic Centre, from the 24th
to 27th of August. Computing Today
roving reporter Jim Perry was there with
his box brownie.
With more than 300 stands and over 100 exhibitors

the PC '78 show certainly was large by any standards!
To celebrate its third birthday the show had moved to
the Philadelphia Civic Centre from its birthplace in
Atlantic City. The move of venue was brought about
Atlantic
by the tremendous growth in attendance
City was just too small for this year's show!
The promoters of the event claim that just over 20
per cent of the American Personal Computer Market
is within 2 hours drive of Phildelphia, this is probably
because New York is just 2 hours away.
Amongst the many exhibitors there were surwell, new to the

prisingly few new products
most of the products
American market at least
would be new in the UK if available here. With
companies such as Heathkit, Radio Shack (Tandy)
and Southwest Technical Products in attendance, it
by its
was Commodore that was conspicious
--
absence.
General view of the main exhibition area, early on the
first day.
Software for the TRS 80 was available from many suppliers.

This stand is demonstrating a chess recorder program.
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
To complement the exhibition the organisers had

arranged more than 80 hours of seminars, on everything from business systems to computer games. A
good point was that all the daytime ev ents were
included in the exhibition admission fee. Other activities included a show of computer generated art, a
computer music evening and traditional Saturday
night banquet (read booze up).
Not quite what you expect at

lot of people were looking
businesses.
Personal Computer Show, but
for complete systems for small
The RCA stand was dedicated to their COSMAC VIP, the two
small boards plugged into the back are the new music synthesiser and drum machine attachments.
21
Computer music was the theme on the SOL stand. The interface,
between man, machine and music is one of the exciting growth
The Bit Pad is a rather nice (but expensive) device

for turning
freehand into computer inpu 1.
areas.
Is it a bird? Is it a plane? No, it's a Micro Mouse! The

second
trials for the IEEE/ Spectrum Micro Mouse Maze competition
were held during the exhibition
this M PUed mouse made it
through the maze in 4 minutes 45 seconds.
The message centre used SWTP

up to date via several monitors.
Computalker Consultants did
roaring trade with their ve usable
speech synthesis units.
equipment to keep everybody
""" QfdO w t I uuuyt area was equipp ed with 12 TRS 80

systems, the co mplete range of peripheral s (printers, floppies
etc) was also on continuous demonstration.
11.
rarz or me onnsn contingent, Chris Carey and Jim Wood from

Comp Computer Components we re scouting for new products
to
unleash on the UK market.
22
replaced with various other languages virtually instantly.
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
The TRITON software has some interesting facilities
- we take
look at the whole package
TRITON Software
BASIC
The TRITON BASIC Interpreter was designed to run
on small 8080/Z80 micro processor systems. It

contains many of the common BASIC commands and
most small BASIC programmes will be easily converted to run on the Triton.
Variables
All variables and numbers are stored as 16 bit integers

and therefore must lie in the range -32767 to 32767.
There are 26 variables each denoted by a single letter
A to Z. There is 1 array denoted by
this array is
automatically dimensioned to make use of any

memory space left unused by your BASIC Programme. The number of bytes of memory space in
this array can be obtained at RUN time using the
SIZE function.
Functions
There are three functions available.

ABS(X)
which gives the absolute value of the
variable X.
RND(Y) which gives a random number between
1 and Y inclusive.
SIZE
which gives the number of bytes left
unused by your programme.
Hence the maximum index for the array
( ) is SIZE/2.
Arithmetic Operators
Add
-+Multipy
Subract
expressions.
Statements
statement consists of a statement number

between 1 and 32767 followed by one or more commands. If a statement contains more than one command, each command is separated by semi colon ;.
The statement is ended by a carriage return.
A BASIC
10
LET A=10
20 LET B = A
30 LET C=A+B
This can be written

10 LET A =10; LET B = A; LET C = A + B
It should be noted that the latter method will be
harder to change or correct.
The commands GOTO, STOP and RETURN must
be the last command in any statement.
Commands
Divide
-,
+,
* and / operations must result in a value in
:he range -32767 to 32767 and as they are also
:nteger, any division is rounded down. E.G. 5/2 gives
2/3 will give
10 IFA=1B=B + 1
In this statement when A is equal to 1 the expression
B =B + 1 is executed and one is added to the contents
of B.
Conditional expressions can be combined to form
multiple conditions and can also be used in arithmetic
The following commands are available in the TRITON BASIC L4.1
2.
Parentheses can be nested, the maximum depth

being limited by the size of the stack.
Conditional operators are usually found with the IF
command
0.
Compare Operators
> greater than

< less than
LET is used to set a variable to the result of an

expression.
10 LET A =10
The variable A is set to 10
20 LET B = (A-1)
*2
The variable B is set to the
result of the expression (A-1)*2
i.e. 18
= equal to
=not equal to
> = greater than or equal to
< = less than or equal to
The compare operators are usually used with the IF

mmand but can also be used in expressions. The
7esult of any comparison is 1 if true and 0 if not true
false).
_
Expressions
Expressions are formed from number, variables and

-r_ctions.
A is set to 10
G 10 LET A=10
B is set to contents of A ie 10
20 LET B = A
_arithmetic operators are used in expressions and
e evaluated from left to right, except that * and /
always evaluated first.
Spaces between numbers, variables and functions
ignored. Spaces inbedded in command words are
allowed.
Parentheses can be used to change the order of
-
a_uation.
COMPUTING TODAY
LET
- NOVEMBER 1978
30 LET
:,cì
=B/3
(3)
The fourth element of the array

is set to 6 (The first element is
@(0))
The expression need not be an arithmetic expression.
10 LET C = A * B If A equals B, C will be set to zero
IfA is not equal to B, C will be
set to one
The LET command can be used to set several variables
10 LETA=1, B=2, C=3
each part being separated by a comma
We can therefore rewrite an earlier example.
,
10
LET
A=I0,B=A,C=A+B
Rem
The REM (Remark) Command allows the programmer to comment his programme. The interpreter will
ignore the rest of the line.
100 REM THIS IS THE START OF THE SUBROUTINE Y =A*A+B
iH
23
Print
The PRINT command is used to print numbers,

variables, expressions, and text.
10 PRINT A
will print the contents of vari10
10
able A
PRINT A*2
prints twice the contents of

variable A
PRINT `THIS IS A TITLE' prints THIS IS A
TITLE
Several variables, etc. can be printed at one e. Each
item to be printed is separated by a comma.
10 PRINT A,B,C will print the contents
of A
followed by B and C on the same
line.
Text can be used to qualify printout.

10 PRINT THE RESULT IS', A
Text can be contained by either single or double
quotes, this allows the other type of quote to be
printed.
10 PRINT ÀBC"CBA', "123'321" will print
ABC"CBA123'321
Numerical values are p rinted with leading sp aces

(Right Justified) in a field of width 8 characters.
The
field width can be altered using a e sign followe d by
the new width (i.e. 3 give s a width of 3).
The field width will then remain effective until
another or the end of the current PRINT statement.
$$
10
PRINT A, #3, B,
will print A in a
1, C
width of 8 characters. B in a
width of 3 and C in
a width of 1.
$1 will result in C being printed Left Justified and
any following printout will be shifted to the right if C
ANNOUNCING THE
is greater than 9
The field width can also be an expression

PRINT I, A will print A in a field width equal to
the contents of variable I
The maximum field width is 63.
Note that negative numbers require an extra cha ratter in the fiel d width for the minus sign.
Extra space s can be generated by repeated
commas.
PRINT 3,A,,,B will print a 3 character A, 2
spaces and a 3 character B
Several PRINT statements can be made to print on
the same line by ending the statement with a comma.
Graphic characters can be printed using the PRINT
statement. The description of the graphics font lists
those Graphics which can be contained in quotes and
will result in graphics being printed.
The PRINT statement can also be used to issue
cursor control characters
10 PRINT j -H
will issue a control H which will
backspace the cursor
10 PRINT tI
will issue a control I which will
forward space the cursor
10 PRINT tJ
moves cursor down
10 PRINT tK
moves cursor up
10 PRINT -j-L
will clear the whole screen and
reset the cursor. Note that this
command must be followed by a
delay befo re the next command
(FRI=1 TO 250; NEXT I)
10 PRINT tM
will reset t he cursor to the start
$$
of the line.
Input
The input command is used to read an expression
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COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
BASIC
from the Keyboard. Normally the keyboard input is

just an integer value between -32767 and 32767.
10
10
INPUT A
INPUT A,B
an expression such as A + B, the expression will then

be evaluated by the interpreter and the result 5 stored
in the variable C. The machine will then print 5.
It is also possible to enter single characters as a
reply by making use of the expression input.
10 LET Y=O,N=1
20 INPUT 'DO YOU WANT TO CONTINUE? Y OR
When this statement is

executed, the BASIC will first
print A tollowed by a space and
then wait for keyboard input.
The input is terminated by carriage return. The input is then
stored in variable A
will print A,space,then wait for
input, it will then print
N' A
30 IF A =1 STOP
B,
If the user replies Y, A will be set to the contents of

the user replies N -A will be set to 1 and
the programme will STOP.
space, and wait for input again.

Inste ad of just allo wing the machine to prompt you
with th e variable, it is much better to ask a specific
questio n. This is done by enclosing the text of the
question in quotes.
10 INPUT 'HOW MANY EGGS HAVE YOU LEFT?'
Y i.e. zero. If
If
The IF command is used to compare expressions,

using the compare operators. If the result of this
comparison is true (non zero) the rest of the state ment is execut ed. If the result of the comparison is
false (zero), the rest of the statement is skipped and
execution resumes on the next statem ent.
10 IF A = O PRINT 'A IS ZERO'
The machine will print A IS ZERO only when A is
zero.
Note that un like other BASIC interpreters and
compilers, the w 'ord THEN is not used.
Either side of the compare can be an expression.
10 IF A=B*2 P RINT 'A IS TWICE B'
20 IF A*3=B* 2 PRINT À=B*2/3'
A compare op erator need not be used in the IF
statement but th is practice should be avoided where
possible as it can make the programme very hard to
follow.
10 IF A- 1 PRINT 'A IS NOT ONE'
The machine will print HOW MANY EGGS HAVE

YOU LEFT? and then wait of a number to be typed in.
If during RUN time, the typed input is not a valid
expression, the prompt will be repeated and then the
machine will wait again.
It is also possible to reprint only pa rt of the prompt.
10 INPUT 'WHAT IS ', À + B?'C, A-B?'D
The first time the printout will be WHAT IS A+B?
and after an invalid input it will just print A +B?
The BASIC interpreter uses its e xpression evaluation routine to decode the input a nd therefore the
programmer or user can enter an expression using

variables already set up.
10 LET A=3, B=2
20 INPUT C
30 PRINT C
Instead of entering a value for C, the user can enter
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COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
-- - --
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25
the PRINT command is only skipped when the result

of the expression in the IF command is zero.
Several commands can follow the IF command
10 IF A = 0 PRINT 'A IS ZERO'; GOTO 50
When A is zero, the machine will print AIS ZERO
and then jump statement 50.
GOTO
You will probably be fairly familiar with the GOTO

command already as it has appeared in several of the
examples for the other commands.
The GOTO command is u sed to b reak the sequential processing of the BASIC interpre ter and cause the
interpreter to jump either f orward or backwards to
the specified statement num ber.
50 GOTO 10
When the interpreter executes this statement i t will
jump back up the program to statement 10 and
continue its processing from statement 10.
Again, the statement number following the G OTO
can be an expression.
20 GOTO A*2
Will jump to the statement number calculated from
the expression Ax2. If the expression gives a non
existent statement number the BASIC will give an
error report.
Using a simple expression for a GOTO is useful
where different routines may be required as a result of
an input.
Another method of using a computed GOTO is to
use the array variable and index it.
10 LET :@(1) = 100, @(2) = 200, @(3) = 100,
(4)=25
For and next commands
The FOR c ommand is a very powerful c ommand. It is

used to make the BASIC interpreter loop `FOR' a
specified n umber of times, the end of t he loop being
defined by the NEXT command.
10 FOR I = 2 TO 10 STEP 2
20 PRINT I
30 NEXT I
I is set to 2 when the FOR statement is first
encountered. It will then remain at 2 until the NEXT
command is encountered. On reaching the NEXT
command 2 is added to I and the BASIC returns to the
command following the FOR command. This is
repeated until I becomes greater than 10 where upon
execution conti nues with the command following the
NEXT command.
Hence, the machine will print
2
4
6
8
10
On exit from the loop I remains at its next value ie 12.

If statement 10 had been
10 FOR I = 2 TO 11 STEP 2
I will be left at it s first value greater than 11 ie 12.
Negative inde xing is allowed as long as the first
value is greater than or equal to the second and the
step is negative.
10 FOR I =10 TO 1 STEP
50 NEXT I
20 INPUT I
30 GOTO @(I)
If the input for I is 1 the interpreter will jump to

statement 100
for I = 2 it will jump to 200
for I = 3 to 100 again

for I = 4 to 25
It is advisable when using the computed GOTO to
check the variable for valid values, ie in the above
example it would be advisable to insert
25 IF I <1 GOTO 20
27 IF I >4 GOTO 20
This will only allow an input of 1 to 4, any other
input will result in a repeat request for input.
Gosub and return
The GOSUB command although similar to the GOTO

command, is used to exi t from a statement and jump
to a routine starting at the specified statement
number. Execution co ntinues from the specified
statement number until a RETURN command where
upon the BASIC returns to the command following
the original GOSUB.
10 PRINT 'LETS EXECUTE ROUTINE 100'
20 GOSUB 100; PRINT 'WE HAVE NOW
RETURNED'
30 STOP
100 PRINT `THIS IS
ROUTINE 100'
WILL RETURN WHEN I HAVE
120 PRINT Ì
FINISHED'
130 RETURN
This will result in the following printout
LETS EXECUTE ROUTINE 100
THIS IS ROUTINE 100
I WILL RETURN WHEN I HAVE FINISHED
WE HAVE NOW RETURNED
The GOSUB 100 command causes the BASIC to
jump to statement 100 but also to remember where it
is in statement 20. It now executes from statement
100 until it reaches the RETURN command. It then
26
returns to statement 20 and continues processing it.
-1
will start at 10 and step down to
1.
in increments of
If STEP is omitted, a step of 1 is assumed.

10 FOR I=1 TO 100
I will start at 1 and step up to 100 in increments of 1.
Once more, expressions can be used in all three
positions instead of numbers. The expressions are
evaluated when the FOR command is executed and
any following chang es to the variables used will not
effect the loop.
10 LET I = 10
20 FOR I=I TO I+5
50 NEXT I
The initial value of I is evaluated as 10, the final
value is 15. Within the loop, I will index from 10 to 15
in steps of 1
FOR and NEXT commands can be `nested' within
each other, the limit being that of the size of the stack.
10 FOR I =1 TO 10
20 FOR J =1 TO 5
30 PRINT I*J
40 NEXT J
50 NEXT I
This will result in the machine printing I*J when
I=1 and J= 12345 then
for I = 2 and J = 1 to
etc. etc.
until I =10
When a NEXT command is executed, the BASIC
interpreter checks that the variable specified is the
same as that used by the most recent FOR. If they are
not the same, the FOR is terminated and the previous
FOR examined. This continues until a match is found.
FOR I=1TO10
FOR J =1 TO 10
IF J = 5 GOTO 50
NEXZ J
NEXT I
Each time J gets to 5, the BASIC jumps to statement
10
20
30
40
50
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
This cancels the J FOR loop leaving J at 5 and

continues with the I for loop.
If within a FOR loop, another FOR loop using the
same variable is encountered, the first FOR loop is
terminated.
50.
Stop
The stop commands stops the execution of the programme when it is executed. Any number of STOP
commands can be included within a programme.
10 GOSUB 100
20 GOSUB 200
30 GOSUB 300
40 STOP
BASIC
not really worth the trouble it can cause.
Before using memory mapping it is advisable to use
either command 12 or 28 to reset the cursor. If the
screen has been scrolling, row 1 will not be at the top
of the scan unless this is done.
The graphic symbol specified in the second
parameter is a decimal number between 0 and 255
inclusive. If a larger number is specified, only the least
significant byte is used.
The graphics and character code are given elsewhere in ETI but some of the more useful are listed
below.
VDU
The VDU command allows the programmer direct

access to the VDU control chip and its memory hence
allowing a wide range of graphics applications.
The VDU command has two parameters, the first
being the VDU memory address, the second being the
desired graphic symbol specified as a decimal
number.
10 VDU 5, 126
being placed in
This will result.in the graphic
the fifth byte of the VDU memory.
The VDU memory is arranged as 16 rows each
containing 64 bytes therefore addresses 1 to 64 are on
the first row, 65 to 128 on the second etc.
Due to the function of the VDU control chip, care
should be taken when using the first row and the first
column as certain graphics characters will produce
strange effects.
->
To allow the programmer to use all the VDU
control commands, address zero has been allocated.
10 VDU 0, 12
This does not use memory location zero, instead
:he value 12 is output to the VDU controller.
12 is the command to clear the screen and reset the
cursor.
Note that commands 12 and 28 require an extra
delay while the command is executed. A FOR loop
should be used (FOR I =1 TO 150; NEXT I before the
next PRINT, VDU or INPUT command.
8
9
10
11
12
13
97
25
29
Other useful VDU commands are as follows:

Backspace cursor one character
Forward space cursor one character
Line Feed (Move cursor down on line)
Move cursor up one line
Reset cursor to top and clear screen
Reset cursor to start of line
Carriage Return
clearing rest of line
Line Feed
Reset cursor to top without screen clear
Reset cursor to start of line without rest of line
clear.
Is
\Vhen using the memory mapping option, care

be taken to make sure that the memory address
between 1 and 1024 inclusive. If you exceed 1024 it
possible to overwrite the stack and your pro It is possible to make your BASIC programme
odify itself using VDU but this is fairly difficult and
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
see Graphic Font
to 31
Space
32
33
48
58
65
91
96
128
----
47
57
64
90
95
127
225
to
:; < = >?
A to Z
[
see Graphics Font

Is a repeat of 0 to 127 (The high
order bit is ignored)
To print a variable between 0 and 9 using VDU
just add 48.
VDU 0, I + 48
This will print the value of I if it lies between 0 and
9.
To produce moving graphics, it is necessary to use

FOR loops to index the memory mapping.
Direct commands
The following are direct commands to the BASIC

Interpreter. They are obeyed as soon as they are
entered.
RUN will start the execution of the programme at
the lowest statement number.
LIST will print out all statement in ascending
numerical order.
LIST 100 will print out all the statements starting at
statement
LIST 50,
100.
10
will print 10 lines starting at statement
10.
NEW will delete all programme statements ready

for a new programme.
Control C will return you (at any time) to the
Monitor.
Any BASIC command can be entered as a Direct
Command by leaving off the statement number. The
statement is then executed immediately and not

stored as part of the programme.
This feature is very useful when your programme
stops due to an error report. (see Error Reports)
Abbreviations
the commands can be abbreviated as follows.

It is advisable only to abbreviate when you are tight
on memory as the abbreviated programme can be
extremely difficult to follow.
All
Functions
A.
R.
S.
= ABS
= RND
= SIZE
Commands
= LET ie A = B + C, D = E + F etc
Implied
27
BASIC=.
REM.
= REMARK
= PRINT
= INPUT
= IF
= GOTO
= GOSUB
= RETURN
= FOR
= TO
= STEP
= NEXT
= STOP
= VDU
P.
IN.
I.
G.
GOS.
R.
F.
TO.
S
N.
S.
V.
197.50
+
VAT 8.,
POST PAID
Direct Commands
L.
R.
N.
Error Reports
= LIST
= RUN
= NEW
NASCOM
It is quite probable that you can have already seen

some of the error reports generted by the BASIC
Interpreter.
Although there are only three different error
messages (WHAT? HOW? and SORRY) the BASIC
will insert a question mark at the point where the
error occurred.
WHAT? This means the interpreter has come
across a command or expression that it
can't interpret.
WHAT?
300 I? PUT A
INPUT is spelt wrongly.
WHAT?
40 A = 300/(B + C?
The close parenthe sis is missing
Thi s means the i nterpreter can not execute
HOW?
the command.
HOW?
60 A = 300*500?
than 32767
- The result
is
greater
10 A = 5,B = 0
20 C =A/B?
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* On board expansion to 21( x 8 Eprom
* On board expansion for additional 16 I/O lines
+ Memory may be expanded to lull 60K (plus 4K ex isting on
board)
*
*
*
*
*
*
SORRY
If this occurred during typing in of the
programme then there is not enough
memory.
If this occurred during execution (RUN)
th en either there is not enough memory for
or the express ion I*J+K may be incorre et.
To check this type
PRINT I,J,K,I*J+K
and the values of I J K and I*J+K will be
printed. You can now check if the result is
correct.
This shows how useful the direct command option is. If the result of the PRINT is
OK then another check is
PRINT SIZE
This will give how much memory space (in
bytes) is left.
CTI
28
EXPANSION
Expansion butler board
Memory board with decoders and al I hardware except
memory ICS
41i( dynamic memory ICS
8K dynamic memory ICS
I/O board with decoders and all hard ware except ICS
will accept up to 3 PIOs. 1 CTC and 1 UART
FE ATURES
HOW?
You can't divide by zero
40 GOTO 37?
HOW?
Statement 37 is missing
This means that there is not enough
memory. This can occur during typing in a

programme or during the execution when
the array is used
( ). It is worth
checking the variable or expression if the
array is involved to make sure that it is a
sensible value.
210 A = :@(I*J+K)
SOFTWARE
1K x 8 monitor program providing

8 operating commands. supporting Mom examine/modify,
tabulate, copy,
break, single step execute tape. load. taped ump.
* Rellenrve monitor addressing for flexible

monitor expansion through user
programs
* Monitor sub -routines include delay ASCII coding, binary to hex
conversion, clr
screen, scroll up, string print, cursor shift and many others
SORRY
MICRO-COMPUTEort
C25.00
E35.00
(36.00
60.00
144.00
250.00
E38.00
C
'8-BUG" extended monitor in 2K of EPROM. Fully software compatible with

NASBUG. supporting Sddmonal features
Full keyboard shill for all 128 characters,
lull cursor movement routines. Read
and Write commands Past tape load and dump), H end N
commands (tor inserting
ASCII code directly into programme) Andy
command (for calculating reletive
lumps). Generate command (for automatic programme
sun)
NEW
*
*
*
*
*
Intelligent copy go, non-destructive relocation of DATA). Random,

block
handling. ASCII to BCD and BCD to ASCII routines and many
more,
2 EPROMS
full documentation
24.80.
S.a.e. for full expansion details.
OTHER HARDWARE
2.2A power supply for up to 4K expansion

8A power supply for larger than 4K expansion
Expansion card frame
19.90
45.00
29.50
3.50
2.95
...
.... .......
Programming manual
Hardware & software manuals (supplied in kit)
.
Trade, Government end Educational Enquiries Invited

Add VAT at 8% on all items except manuels
Demonstrations Continuous at our Store
Construction
Manuals
Separately
2.95
a.
Complete Kits
197.50
+VAT 8%
NOW IN STOCK
POST PAID
Sole Appointed
London
Stockists
vaia6le
7V
1.0)1008
W7
404 0
Eitgw.ie Roa1
COMPUTING TODAY
lei
01
Ir
1(100
- NOVEMBER 1978
ADVANCED
COMPUTER
ODUC'I'S
Z-80/Z -80A
8K STATIC RAM
board 2708
Power on lump
2708 included (450ns)
completely socketed
Assembled and tested
ASSEMBLED
199.95
179 95
25039
45099
250.1,
149_95
450n9.
125.95
Kit
Bare PC Board
For 4MHz Speed Add
S18500
5129 95
$ 34 95
51500
same once!
*Individual Prom Address
Uses Low cost 16K TI EPROMS
Phantom control
Optional 1K RAM
174 95
Assembled and Tes:ed
99 50
Krt
a1
GJ
pQ
S 50 ra
32 6 512395 ea
5 `3 62595 ca
2708-6 Eprom
416 16K Ram
ea
1771-01
Floppy
Per Connector Set
IMS 16K STATIC RAM
SPECIAL
SPECIAL
SPECIAL
.:S 1953H
* Power on Jump
Assembled
&
Reset Jump
94 95
Tested
64 95
21 95
Kit
Bare Pc Board
Special Offer: Buy 4 kits only $59 95 each

NOTE 270e-6 only 05 95
2 6 amps typ
* Power 450ns
stales on 2MHz
* Uses CPM
* Persci,Shugart,etc
*S100 Compatible
* Jumper Selectable
*Phantom can be added
neIiO
Klt
Bare PC Board
NOTE For CPM Add
KIT
250n6 $790 00
450ns $625 00
$59 95
$ 39 95
$7000
3515
'400M77 YIV
.50
p.XlO6L
12.110561
$21995
MODEL 100A
!analyzes any type of dlgltal system)
$229.00
Trigger Expander Model 10.
9.95
Baseplate
495
Model 10 Manual
36900
Model 150 Bus Grabber Krt
10
09'
P95
2 1.740
49
1550
1350
..
950
..
015206
M15
515
329
I
S1
PROMS
015207
131159 12.
350
1495
2495
:+hO s2
25 95
5v0
SI 75
THAT, RIGHT
95
3.95
4 95
95
4 95
1995
5149 95
149e
32Y4rc419u
2105
9995
95
SI
teem 0p914'ee
wO.Mne
5468(93
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5111.
5e0r
19
Sentry
E.977*, ..fron..
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FACT
539010
5TAN0Aa0
Hard
Son
495
Mololola sere Data
6800
-a
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YJ
M000LEs...OTO soAeoS
L...nmN'nnc
MI'lUIt
$235 00
495 00
175 00
75 00
99 00
250 00
36 00
250 00
375 00
295 00
225 00
60 00
395 00
I/O 395 00
5 95
99 00
249 95
275 00
6800 02 Ku
6800 MPU Module
-;316a IMeter,8d
--:2 16 eel Card Cade
53 8 sot Melee, ltd
A Stetem Power S9 tally

se 10 Po:otytie Board
' 5 4KEo2om Modulo
56 Roe parallel CO
'9926 as S59et RAM
-It
'.525K 89 S,aec RAM 5,1

;s36, Erle -(der Card
s4 Mo" ,91,2 Tuner PICA
:'
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Dlpe..
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11'9ACw5necJasw,Iw CH
CA, 99' 6900 .,up ICI
42 Eye
264, K.!
300 Aseembled
fl Evk
511
P.O. BOX 17329

COMPUTING TODAY
00
00
00
00
00
6 50
30 00
30 00
20 00
125 00
95
75
35
45
129
Kluge Board
16K Byte Ram Board
6 Slot Motherboard
Extender Board
Solid Frame Chassis
Connectors
AMI 6800 Prolo Rom
AMI 6800 Micro Assembler Rom
6800 Tiny Basic Paper Tape
6800 Tiny Basic Eprom
EVK
EVK
EVK
EVK
EVK
EVK
*
*
*
*
RS 232
Plo I Sire
7'1
0"
Soon
Dig Dltll Ava

Hi9 Ruoto lion
24 /sef. Pio t Speed
ut.
CI
List $108500
OUR
PRICE $999.00
SPECIAL KEYBOARD BUY

WHILE THEY LAST
'Clare Pender 62 Key ASCII
w/26 Pm & 34 Pin Output Conn
'
.0M3
UV
5V LaKe
MCKIE
e1
M,
MGM,
MC
Oplo Isolate,
sea
1995
1D
12
1895
10 95
8 144/149 95
AMIDS:
AMD
9 4 01(61( 9111rc Ram
4116.4 16 151( Dynamic Rams
1488 01 489
89 RS232 Omer
8197 Bagel
"Eprom" Eraser
45 yea
9.91 S.52T
ess'ana
KEYBOARD
ENCODERS
5.96
UVs 11E
5.aaaco
81300
,0250
8726 em 0115e,
78005 Regulator
MLT20111 8x,0,
UMW
1.:
PY5101
MI5 6011
050026
1291
CORNER
ope11,,6N
TV CHIPS
095
MM5320Tu Synch
MM 179 Prr ale,
Avaa
WHO
1r
ArtF
595
24 95
8 95
Convener
29 95
4175700 TOnk Goo

RF Modulalp with Auen
,d 6111.,10
wr
105
8705
9400
1111
6018
140806
e081
I1
DACOI
IV 9S
4295
It, Deg Cons

12 Lloa BCD
Mulldune con
'
8
25
505
AMR Modulaloe
ni Comvu..,
Csr0
cash C..an
5112500
459900
45000
53600
549900
vs
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29900
53000
32500
143900
59900
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62995
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115500
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46200
55100
556100
152500
126600
51200
3,900
74495
31500
147900
61700
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880 00
64509
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TO
Mcle4 mledaee
Pa kW, A now N Mal
il
are 14.4.4.
50
2201
No...
12111115
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127000
TV Game
Garne
I1 4 Game
o1
95
95
147500
Funr15
7e
aalot
49
50
95
DISCOUNT COMPUTER
4702
0001941
50
95
e AsEoa
MM
49
10. Dn.e1
0.0Mne41 D wee
T
NEW
I1978 CATALOGUE
END 254 POSTAGE)
SALE 1191.215
CV/ 011
M615
0
C
oneshol
6320 *
+403AN Sh111 Register
9368
918+55 22 HO yeRam
ICE 7107 CPL 3'5. Dm MD
91.1215 1434
3151
LA119n9 M
95
95
Reveler
14
050021,
M6402
M5a03
235C "ORT
Re95le,
54511
LM76Urr
2 39
00
89
295
25100 Shim egefe

25194 soil
25
245
199
6'5 00
75451 52'53
Intluslnal Model
ATTENTTOM KIN
95
1
B131
8633 0 8635
74367 or 74388
cUVeepecenCe
521995
811
2000
3500
3500
Irvine, California 92713 New Phone (714) 558-8813
- NOVEMBER 1978
10uXf,
464 166 CC05
TV INTERFACES
$54 95
1304X.
orW
NEW
nOMI'
le VM.
sir
A/D CONVERTERS
Hi PLOT LOW COST

DIGITAL PLOTTER
1MYn.
22
15
295
295
595
115
595
595
501
595
1201
16 Pin sir sockets 1000 09F

22 P1n SR sockets 1000 Des
MCIaa11
8.0.1.0
01151121d
455
515
MONTHLY SPECIALS
BAUD RATE
GENERATORS
955
.9M1
2+95
1399
7195
1291
NORTH STAR MINI

54 50 10
5495 race
566
Green/bell.+
HP 5092/7731
UARTS/USRTS
Tale .0' 5v 1291
5450eeh
113/52414/
2001314
4533 Oarlinglon ISOL

Red Leds 195 D1a
1,48150..,
10
3,8
1505174.
14 Pm WAN 100 nor

14 Pro
sockels 1000 095
DISKETTES
Sol, Jeclur
74
excel for above

NSN 373/374 dual CC/CA 300
NSA 563/564 dual CC/CA 500
NSA 763/799 dual CC/CA 700
4025 OOIO Isolate,
CHARACTER
GENERATORS
DATABOOKS 8 MANUALS
15'IMw
901
2110
.6115
---
Bus
Kit
Assembled
For Low Cost 8 Slot Bus to expand
$149 95 Kit
..
your Pet only
Telephone/TWX * S-100 compatible

Bell 1031req. * Originate 8 answer mode
$27995
Assembled & Tested
S 49 95
Bare PC Board w/data
wM:c..'
es:.e
ex Caen- tlPaae.
'UOMO,
eOwmar 9 died 5ubble

FSC 8024 4 Biel! CC B00
HP7340 HEX 0s040
TIL 3055 s7 Array
TIL 306 7 seg w/iogm
TIL 206 7 see w/1090
TIL 309 7 see w/logq
TIL 311 HE% Dr
MA 1003 12 auialo 0.000 5.
MA 1002 4 droll clack module
MA 1010 a 0igr1 clock module
NAKED PC BOARD
SALE S.100
495
515995
Ss
.9
15
055%
FND sco/507/0.0/0.A 500

FAD 503/510 CC/CA 500
FND 800/607 CC/CA 800
45
2s
59R
SDM..1
41.30
DL 704/7071CC/CA 300
F510359 CC 357
slDoel,.Mr.1. bwee.x
46C CCD
CCD
page Aoolca
DISPLAYS/OPTO
59500
510F.05xr.Ills.
ab
lidlellAtt
ROM
ON
emu.
50049
5 43Mn.
Cwuacn.OrYMulw
RAMS DYN.
e5+9MN1
13'.718N1.
.17'5.<4.414
PI.9GYA.M.uL{
PCO
295
505
535
2J9rtuW4
4
OUR PRICE only
95
95
91.
Sis
aS:R
22IMl..
;]Mw
2N.1M
1295
2
Ss se
'OMXf
ON 65K ROM
10
OArle.,,Red
each order
NwNrw..a..w.Yae. lY 0.11.
rgMe.. ewe P1...eeer SeAS
w..
CT5205 9 51 95
75
me cil eyed ,ai,ch
reasonable
CRYSTALS
VI
IT'S HERE
LIVERMORE BASIC
95
95
878.8$ each (reg. 43.001
8080 USER'S
AOBi
2114.5,.
n0a94
Iwnrwle su001. was
)39
Xrn
cr
Memoryn
oriel)
16K CCD
16K
e 75
u.W
Hoe
CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES
75
0152065 5175 7102099 5195

015206-6 S1 75 01520410 51 95
PET TO S-100
ADAPTER
*
*
LM566VCO
51,12206 Funcrqn Gene
:50
DIPSWITCHES
95
95
COMMUNICATIONS ADAPTER
8035 Fencxen Gen

ML4024 VCO
2n
0e2B
72
35
WAVEFORM GENERATORS
-a5
NEW CTS
FLOPPY 0156 I/O
DC HAYES DATA
l
9
4
577
25
-c
CMGS
IaY
.8511
..8
25
525
1025
CVCS
745+89 54 c: Rao
Hex*
195
195
interfaced to
popular S-100
995
725
725
9936acn
-A.
65-8'1(.'
6506
512509
Allows Pet to be
'95
P2'24 92=
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NnnO7a'
30.ae9na1
Me. Al 0l
50.1wuawm9t
M53:r Wtiuxbn
e1121.1C014.1.00995
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TRS BO UPGRADE KIT

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2
8
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r,95
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ap.lpwNl
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RloCN9MwV
Si 101! M94 F.T
21.01
1995
ea:'25CO2N..MM
0>
&]FauPS[
4 25
16K Memory with Jumpers and

Instructions
(Specify Level or Level III
APPLE II 16K UPGRADE KIT
350
82s
975
995
995
'Z50
'SVV<4"2
veZJ[-
n:> --
SH
+5,3110riSrt
9.99
~!]MC06KMn
36
19
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47595
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5.29
65
925
24wnw7. Y
2r45ew5.1l,5
299
"s29P4.u9ww
. i.9. W N9 A CA i Cm..
PARATRONICS LOGIC
ANALYZER KIT
395
Documentation Add $2000
SPECIAL OFFER:
Kd without Memory only $9995
Add 2114 Memory for 8 @ $7 50 ea
355
355
'1.154=+=
*et, WAY
l]!
I15
A.1
SDMA efww-
..
410
175
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425
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155
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$179 95
Assembled and tested
or 9135
ASSEMBLED&TESTED
250ns $849 00
450ns $769 95
Bare PC Board w/Data
)ie
9220anS.w
T20AeP.rt
R20be C00
eFMSr.Gene
4:54 Pe., ro
1lLyA4
TARBELL FLOPPY INTERFACE
*Fully Buffered
* 2114/TMS4045
52244wMM.
100
25
59
r25
r
. _.*x
13020.
S-100 32K STATIC RAM

No wait
MraPr.o.
BYTE USER 8K EPROM BOARD
Address 32K Boundary
:X
30
9102
a
Z
Aa
SI.FaI..,
196
Memory mapping
Phantom
Address 16K Bound
Use with or w/o front panel
Power 2 amps typ
Uses 2114
ASSEMBLED 6 TESTED ONLY
450ns $439 95 250ns $495 95
11.1.1.10.5
.SC
595
2+002 251.
a3:+
.X
e2l41sm.ry-7
'pea.. Aver
MICRODESIGN MR -16 2716

EPROM BOARD ,'AR -8 A_so A,a.iabie
OFFEONS
ea
2599
Y4
21L02 450ns
;J65:
.tl
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*
*
*
*
*
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2.6-h:.f
c.lYatO
]p:yiawXl.
41.73
$21.95
Bare PC Board w/Data
Now over year successful field experience
Kits
450ns
$117 00
Buy
(4)8K
Offer"
":Special
Day S
All prepaid orders with cashiers

(.heck. money order or charge card will be shipped same day as received.
SUPPORT DEVICE/
MICROPROCESSORS STATIC RAY NEADOUARTERS
4.72-1,75,
I TESTED
KIT
2.7
.
]B:.li[CM.
*
*
tie
C
Factory tested products only, no re -tests

Fallouts. Guaranteed moneey back. We stand behind our products.
XII a4N..n
CPU BOARD
*On
* Low Power
* Selectable Memory Protect
* Totally Buttered
* Battery Back-up
* Address on 1K boundary
* Requires no front panel
* No wait states
Proven
E.
.,JwCm:a..d
3N.215.X}
S100 PRODUCTS
LOGOS
THE FIRST TO OFFER PRIME PRODUCTS TO THE HOBBYIST

AT FAIR PRICES NOW LOWERS PRICES EVEN FURTHER!
TWX. 910-595.1565
LFhltad
Santa
Sat1310 eE Ede,
Anti CA 92705
29
microfile
Gary Evans has found himself a new home this

month and reports on a way to save
money and the latest in train controlers amongst
other things.
OVER THE PAST FEW mo nths the

advertising pages of
ETI have seen the inclusion of a
number
of American
firms offering a wide range of
components aimed in the
main at the DIY computer hobbyist. The
prices of many
of the goods available, when
converted into pounds,
make very attractive reading. The
snag
a'hd there
must be one
is just how do we go about
getting the
things over from the States.
The procedure is not as harrowing as
one might
suspect. The first thing to do is to identify exactly
what it
is you want to buy and t he exact
cost in dollars of the
goods plus packing. Go along to your
bank with the
advert and tell them exac tly what you want to buy
and
the cost in dollars. They will prepare a
dollar draft, a
document which, in conju nction with a sister bank in
the
States, will be as good as cash to the firm
supplying
the
co mponents. Note that yo ur bank
account will be
de bited at this stage.
Now its just a matter of sending off the
draft plus your
order
the things should arrive in the post
within the
next few days.
If the firm in the States 'does a
bunk' with your
ha rd -earned greenbacks, however,
getting anything
ba ck will prove very difficult if not
impossible. We would
let you know of any companies that we
know are not
ho nouring their orders but it would
be best to place a
small order to try out a fir m's credibility before
parting
with a large amount of mo nev.
I migh t
me ntion tha t an advert in last month's
ETI,
not even I've seen th is month's ad
pages, from an
American firm is advertising a TR5-80 16K
conversion
kit with in form ation abo ut which jumpers
to change for a
good bit under 100 When you compare
this to
200 plu s Tandy want in addition to the fact that the
with
the DIY w ay you keep your original 4K,
you can see that
shopping in the States can be very profitable.
you guessed it PET

the firm plan to expand into
Z80 machine code programs
NASCOM, MICROS,
RM 380Z with possibly games for
KIM -1.
Mini micro are at 47 Queens Road,
London, N11
2QP. Their catalogue is available
again send an SAE.
Shocking Story
It was my pleasure to build up

one of the Triton,
prototypes. Enough has been said about the
machine
elsewhere in this issue. I'll just add my
congratulations
to the designer Mike Hughes for
producing a really
excellent project.
Before leaving the subject you might be
interested to
hear of an experiment I performed with
the machine. It
was designed to test the Triton under
extreme conditions, namely applying high voltage AC
the selected
components via a high resistance. Needless to say I
was
the high resistance and the fact that I'm
telling the tale
show I'm OK, the Triton hardly twitched which
could not
be said for
me.
House Trained
Details are scarce,
but the model train exhibition at
the end of August saw the preview
of an M PU controlled
train system.
Designed by Hornby. who have
designated it the
Zero -1, the controller will enable
up to 16 trains to be
controlled on a layout, each being
called up by a key
pad. The trains will have
programmable levels of inertia.
This is not
a
'section' system, control
being, presumably, by a pulse code system. The

conversion of the train
is simple, a small circuit
block being inserted in the
motor's power lines.
Due for launch late next year the
Zero -1 should make
Christmas '79 something t o remember,
as at a price of
about 30 / 40 it must be a must, to
coin a phrase.
Club Together
I've had a few, not a lot, but a few
replies to my 'Club
Call' a couple of months ago.
In the Midlands, a group of the
ACC has been having
successful bi -monthly meetings for about
a year
contact John Diamond at 27 Loweswater
Road, Binely,
Coventry. Also in the midlands is the West
Computer Club which has just held its first Midlands
meeting in
Brierly Hill. Contact Tony Bridgewood
on
C igco.
021-557
6709.
Now a plea for those interested in

starting a branch of
the ACC in Bristol, those interested c
ontact
Rex Godby at
16 Williamson Road, Ashley Down,
Bristol.
Finally the Cambridge University
Processor Group
(they've got very nice notepaper) which
despite the
name is open to everyone and holds
regular meetings
during term time (that's about four
months out of twelve
from what I hear). Tim Hopkins is the
man to contact at
Magdaline College, Cambridge
In all the above cases please
enclose an SAE with any
letter.
News of another firm generating
games
initially for
30
.U
4t
"Any truth in the rumour we're about to be

replaced by an MPU
boss."
COMPUTING TODAY NOVEMBER 1978
:71
2112 (256
4 Static RAM)
1.11
1.07
21L02 (450ns)
(1
K x
Static RAM)
21L02 (250ns)
2114
(1
1.60
Kx4 Statis RAM)
7.70
4027(300ns,equiv 2104)2.02
(4K
x 1,
16 pin, Dynamic RAM)
3.21
5208 (equiv 2107)
(4K x 1, 22 pin, Dynamic RAM)
18.00
4116
(16K
x 1,
Dynamic R,,M
7.87
2708
(1 K
x 8 UVEPROM)
8080A (CPU)
81LS95 (Buffer TriS)
81LS96 (Buffer TriS)
7.45
75p
75p
All VAT inclusive

35p for p&p orders under 5
Please write for discounts
over 100 pieces
ALL FULL SPEC AND UNUSED

(Mail Order only)
PET CORNER
Lotus now carry an exciting range of

products for your CBM PET
MICROCOMPUTER
BARGAINS
stock of untested microcomputer PCB's which are surplus to
our requirement. Each board contains an Intel 4040 (CPU), 4201
(Clock), 4289 (Standard Memory
We have
Interface), 5MHz crystal, zero

crossover detector cct, power on
reset cct, skts for 6 x 1702A PROM

and on board power supply con-
taining transformer, rectifier, regulator, heatsink and reservoir capacitor.

These PCB's are sold with data on all
chips and cct diagram, as untested
units at the bargain price of
19.00 ea
Also available
1702A memory, used but erased
6.00
1702A memory programmed to

your requirement
6265 gen purpose
....
i/p-o/p
7.50
device
5.00
Theque / Postal Order to
*
*
*
*
*
COMPUTING AD INDEX
Advanced Computer Products
p29
Almarc
Comp Computer Components
P8
p32
Electronic Brokers
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Henrys
p28
Lotus Sound
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p20
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Microdigital
Micronics
p24
p2
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p4
p4
...
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Mail Order Supplies Only
Tel: (0729) 41241/462684
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
399 inc. VAT & P&P

MUSIC BOX
Turns your PET into a programmable
musical instrument You can record
and play up to 90 pages, 16 notes
per page, change tempo, key etc
37.50 inc. VAT & P&P

T.I.S. WORKBOOKS
workbooks to give you a full
understanding of all the ins and outs
of your PET more fully than any previous manuals
15.95 per set inc. P&P
A set of 5
p19
New Bear
Tangerine
Memory Expansion
p3
Airamco
Science of Cambridge
24-1(
Mounts inside PET

Runs from PET's own power
supply
Takes 10 minutes to fit
Includes memory test program
6 month warranty
Dustcover 17.95 inc. VAT &

P&P
Lots of software and other goodies
Send large SAE
LOTUS
SOUND
4 MORGAN STREET
LONDON E3 5AB
31
nm
INTERESTED
IN HOME
Nascom Microcomputers
COMPUTING?
Start now and don't get left behind
THE NASCOM 1 is here

Ex -stock with full technical services
BLANK C12
Racal Quality
CASSETTES
4.90 for 10
Plus the opportunity to join the fastest moving club of personal

computer users enabling you to get the most our of your
computer. You can OBTAIN and EXCHANGE programs and
other software -- many now available.
The Powerful Z80
Microprocessor
Professional Keyboard
Kbyte Monitor in EPROM
2 Kbyte RAM (expandable)
Audio Cassette interface
Plugs into your domestic TV
Easy construction from
straightforward instructions
no drilling or special tools
Just neat soldering
required.
Only 197.50 + 8% VAT (includes p & p + insurance)
Manuals seperately
3.50 Monitor quality improved
Z80 programming Manual 6.90 TV Modulator
2.50
Z80 Technical Manual
3.40 Super Modulator (10MHz1 5.50
PIO Technical Manual
3.40 Power supply suitable for
(All prices add 8% VAT)
NASCOM
19.90
Available from COMP now. "4K and 16K RAM expansion boards
for NASCOM with sockets on board for MINIBASIC EPROMS.
Trade, government and educational enquiries invited. Can be
supplied ready built tested and guaranteed.
1
KEY BOARD
NEW
AVAILABLE NOW
only 950
+ 8%
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LOOK!
32k RAM (16K available)
RS232 interface 8K BASIC ROM
CUTS interface
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KANSAS CITY interface
S100 BUS
User defined graphic symbols
Z80 ceci
Credit facilities available
VIDEO GAMES
Et
Components
UHF Vision modulator Standard channel 36

2.90
UHF Vision modulator 10 MHZ bandwidth high quality
5.90
VHF Vision modulator channel 3
3.10
Sound modulator compatible with above
2.90
AY -3-8500 6 Games
4.90
PCB 1.90
ETI Tank Battle
AY -3-8550 6 Games
3.90
PCB 1.90
kit just add
AY -3-8610 10 Games
5.90
PCB 1.90
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Controls PCB 1.90
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14.90reduce d
PCB 1.90
from 19.90.
AY -3-8603 Road Race 5.90
PCB 1.90
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Z80
Z80A
Z80
Z80
8080A
8212
8214
8216
8224
8224-4
8226
8228
8238
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ETI 8080
ONE
BOARD
COMPUTER
ter communRnpnr, parallel

nett let
direct Cemimng7 prefer attachment alt
ROM epee Pm Imam, 81( ROM
Microsoit BASIC in Rom PacTM cartridge,
composite video of 64 char/line 30 lines
screen, 128 upper/ lower case ASCII set
and 1781. ser-defi nerf graphic tir mbols,
potation manna i. RASIC proof amming
manual en d casse rle.viceo cable s, connect on for 5.100 bus exemu on
- 1.90 each
Dual 200K lin
CPU AND SUPPORT DEVICES
Ready built, tested

and guaranteed.
Floppy drive controller

direct from USA
AS SEEN ON OUR STAND

AT PCW SHOW
The Sorcerer Compater n a Completely

Orientated and metre computer system
Standard coni lguratmn Ineludee 63 -key
Typewriter style keynoard and 16 -key
numeric pad, I50 pentad.. dual tassette
1/0 ooh remote computer evnerol at 300
and 1200 baud dune rates. R5732 tenet I/O
our Computer components
Only 49.90
Shugart floppy drives
THE EXIDY SORCERER.

SORCERER
COMPUTER SYSTEM
COMPUTER COMPONENTS
A selection of
Brand new professional

ASCII keyboards (USA)
Full technical details
included.
+-8%
Introducing the personal

computer you've waited for.
8251
8253
8255
8257
8259
6800
290 each
190 each
cpu
cpu
PIO
CTC
cpu
2102
COMPONENTS IN STOCK
SEND SAE FOR
PRICE LIST OF
PARTS AND KIT.
21L02 1K
2101
2111
/.!S
Bit I/O Port

Priority Interrupt Control
Bi -Directional Bus Driver
Clock Generator'& Driver 12MHz)
Clock Generator & Driver (4MHz)
Inverting Bi -Directional Bus Driver
System Controller & Bus Driver
System Controller & Bus Driver
Programmable Communication Int
Programmable Interval Timer
Programmable Peripheral Int
Prog Direct Mem Access Cant
Programmable Interrupt Cont
8
cpu
681 OP
ET1 8080
MEMORIES
14.90
20.50
9.90
9.90
128 x 8 Static Ram (450ns)

6881OP 128 x 8 Static Ram (250ns)
682OP Peripheral Interface Adaptor
6821P Peripheral Interface Adaptor
6828P Priority Interrupt Controller
6834P 512 x B Bit Erasable Prom 500
6850P Asynchronous Comm Adaptor
6825P Synchronous Serial Data Adaptor
6860P 0-600 RPS Modem
6862P 2400 RPS Modulator
871P Clock
6875P Clock
6880P MPU Bidir Bus Ext.
3.50
9.00
3.75
3.50
9.95
3.95
7.95
7.50
9 95
18 95
12.00
17.95
17.95
11.90
4.95
6.00
7.50
7.50
11.25
16.95
9.75
11.75
10.00
14.50
28.00
8.75
2 50
1K
1K
1K
2112
2114 4K
4116
16K
1702A 2566
08
2708
2716
2
1K
(NASBUG)
(5V, INTEL)
1.20
1.40
2.95
3.95
2.95
9.95
19.90
5.00
10.90
13.90
29.00
OTHER
USEFUL DEVICES
6576
6402
1771
char gen
UART
Floppy disk
controller
10.90
9.90
49.00
Full selection of US and

British Magazines and books
for the Computer
Hobbyist.
Prices always changing

(usually downwards)
Phone with your
requirements
All prices include VAT except where shown. Orders over 5 post
and packi
of _ your order quoting
BARCLAYCARD or ACCESS number. For technical information
and advice ring
JIM WOOD, BSc(Eng), ACGI, M IEEE Consultant to
COMP
32
COMPUTER
COMPONENTS
14 STATION ROAD
COMP.
NEW .BARNET
HERTFORDSHIRE
TEL: 01-441 2922

01-449 6596
CLOSE TO NEW BARNET BR STATION -- MOORGATE

LINE
OPEN-10am to 7pm- Monday to Saturday
COMPUTING TODAY
- NOVEMBER 1978
ETI MARKET PLACE

Digital Alarm LCD
ma. _e
jwt
Watch
New low price!
aooNMNwK
Size: 105mm wide 115mm deep x 55 mm high.

THIS IS THE THIRD digital alarm clock that we are offering (we
regret the earlier versions are no longer available) We have sold
thousands and thousands of these and our buying power
enables us to offer a first rate branded product at a really
excellent price
The Hanimex HC -1 100 is designed for mains operation only
(240V/ 50Hz) with a 12 hour display, AM / PM and Alarm Set
indicators incorporated in the large display A switch on the top
controls a Dim /Bright display function
Setting up both the time and alarm is simplicity itself as
buttons are provided for both fast and slow setting and there's
no problem about knocking these accidentally as a 'locking'
switch is provided under the clock. A 9 -minute 'snooze' switch
is located at the top
X8.95
(Inclusive of VAT and Postage)
An example of this clock can be seen and
examined in our reception at our Oxford Street
offices.
The enormous numbers involved in ETI offers has

enabled us to arrange a real bargain
a full spec LCD
watch with adjustable metal bracelet for under half the
going rate
This watch gives continuous display of hours and
minutes press the button once and you II get the date
(American style) After a couple of seconds the display
automatically reverts to time but if you press again you'll
get a continuous seconds display
Press another button and you get a back light
enabling you to see the display in the dark Setting. or
resetting is simplicity itself and a 'hold facility allows
you to set the watch spot on. The accuracy is magnificent. as with all the current range of digital watches
and battery life is well in excess of a year
8.95
(Inclusive of VAT and Postage)

An example of this watch can be seen and
examined in our reception at our Oxford Street

offices.
To:
To:
Hanimex Alarm Offer

ETI Magazine
25-27 Oxford Street
LCD
Watch Offer
Magazine
25-27 Oxford Street
London W1 R 1RF
ETI
London W1R 1RF
Please find enclosed my cheque/PO for 8.95 (made payable lo

Magazine) for my LCD Digital Watch.
Please find enclosed my cheque PO for 8.95 (payable to

ETI Magazine) for a Hanimex Digital Alarm Clock.
ETI
Name
Name
Adress
Address
Please allow 14 days for delivery
Please allow 14 days for delivery
1_17.-ONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
- NOVEMBER 1978
AUTOCHORD
PART ONE
RHYTHM VOLUME
=N7
ETI
WHILE NOT QUITE an instrument in

its own right' the auto chord is
certainly more versatile than the
common or garden rhythm
generator.
The instrument is designed to be
added to the lower two octaves of an
organ and will provide a variety of
accompaniment controlled by the
mode selected
The specification shows that the
eights rhythms provided cover most
requirements and gives some idea of
the extra facilities offered by the auto
chord
The instrument will offer chords
major or minor third, fifth or
diminished fifth and sixth of seventh
It will also provide a walking or
alternate bass as well as arpeggios.
They say a picture is worth a
thousand words, and at this moment
we feel that at some time someone
must have said much the same about
sound. It's difficult to convey all the
facilities offered by the auto chord on
paper, so if you cannot visit Maplin's
shop, where a unit will be on
demonstration, you will just have to
take our word that the auto chord
provides everything that the solo
musician could want
The auto chord is designed to be
incorporated within existing organs
and is easiest to interface with a DC
keyed organ although it is possible to
use the auto chord with a direct
keyed instrument.
Full constructional details plus a
description of the auto chord in use
will be presented next month.
56
ACCOMPANIMENT
VOLUME
rMO0E1
.Lm
BASS
-1
...+w
w-w4, a a
wILI.r4
rAR PEG GI01

.Hors
SPECIFICATION
selectable rhythms
instruments
Covering waltz, rock to Latin. Latin American

rhythms can be combined. Non -Latin American rhythms can be combined.
Bass. Snare drum. Low bongo. Claves. Cym-
bals.
CHORD ACCOMPANIMENT (with keyboard)

Three mode selection 1. AUTO
1
Playing one note produces a chord structured
around this note, and will play continuously.
SEMI -AUTO
Individual notes or chords played are

remembered and played continuously.
MANUAL
Notes or chords played only continue whilst
the keys are held operated.
AUTO RESET
Variable bass. Delay -auto-stop and over-ride in all 3 modes. On/off.
Walking or alternating in modes 2 and 3. A minimum of three notes.
Must be played for bass accompaniment.
Auto: On /off.
Chord accompaniment: On/off.
Two octaves progressive in modes 2 and 3. Selectable maj/min
3rd/7th.
Variable tempo
Harmonic attack
Five tones added in short bursts
Arpeggio
Three selectable pitches
Chord accompaniment volume
Rhythm volume
NOVEMBER 1978
PROJECT
FRONT PANEL CONTROLS
SW1
y wm ffll
are.
RHYTHM SELECT
Jets
AA?
RESISTORS
VAN
R126
560R
680R
R104
R80
R72,88, 101, 115,

2k2
122, 143, 156
R55, 64, 71, 100 2k7
3k9
R154
R42, 56, 57, 58, 60,
4k7
162, 183, 238
R87
5k6
6k8
R116, 123, 125
R74, 75, 77, 117,
118, 124, 127, 131,
133, 135, 136, 140,
161, 182, 217, 222,
10k
232,235
12k
R15-20
8k2
R76, 93
R28-49, 82, 95, 113,
158, 172, 208, 250 15k
R1-11, 14, 23, 73,
90, 168
R 106, 163, 170,
22k
177,191
27k
33k
39k
R54,229
R149-153
R166, 167, 198,
203, 21 5, 239, 248

R69, 70, 85, 86,
47k
56k
68k
82k
98, 99, 103

R 134, 230, 241
R89,102
R62, 63, 66, 78, 79,

92, 120, 128, 132,
137,160,165,169,
174,
200,
212,
227,
240,
246, 249,
171,
187,
211,
226,
237,
184,
201,
214,
233,
243,
186,
204,
219,
236,
245,
12, 21,
22 2791
R50-53,67,83,
96 189, 195
ti
100k
150k
185, 188, 242, 244 180k
9129,138,209,
210,220
220k
P176, 192, 193, 197,

205 206, 207, 225 270k
330k
281 94,179
265 114, 121, 180,

470k
223 224
820k
"05
f1U. 1>
Yo Mram
R107,
Auto-stop/
continuous
Auto reset
Arpeggio. Off/1/2/3
Tempo
Auto-stop time delay

Auto-accom. volume
Rhythm volume
---
Auto
'AK
Organ
PARTS LIST
47R
R24, 25,1 55,157,

159, 173, 181, 199,
216, 221, 234, 231 270R
manual
9
R140
AUTO STOP TIMER
R13
R26
R131
-1
lI'wiVdog u!v
'YQYV
SW20
SW21
alternating
Maplin
Auto/semi-auto/
SW18
Mains on/off
Auto on/off
SW2
SW3 to 10 Rhythm select
Chord on/off
SW11
Harmonic attack
SW12
Major/minor 3rd
SW13
7th
SW14
Bass on/ off
SW16
walking/
Bass
SW17
2,
9,
1MO
2M2
4M7
175, 178, 218

R196, 213, 228
R108
AN
Y,
R141
R110
R146, 147
R144
R142,145
R148
R194
POTENTIOMETERS
39R
100R
180R
330R
820R
1k5
43k
C48, 50, 51, 53, 54,

56. 59, 60, 64, 65 10u25 V electrolytic
C37, 42
C58, 63
C61, 62
C57
1000uV 16 V electrolytic"
C46
SEMICONDUCTORS
IC1
IC2-5
IC6
IC7
IC8
IC9-1
M254
4011
M251
M087
4069
741
4016
IC12
4013
IC13
Q1-4, 7, 8, 10, 11,
BC548
12, 13, 15, 16
BC177
Q9, 14
1
R111
1kO
R61, 247
R 164, 190, 202
47k
100k
470k
Q5
Q6
BFY51
R109
R68, 84, 97
1MO
D1-86, 94, 105
1N4148
1N4002
12 V 400mW
5V6 400mW
12 V 400mW
TIL209
BFX87
D87-90
CAPACITORS
D91
C68, 72, 79, 86, 93,
D92
D93
94, 95,
101, 103,
110
10n polyester
22n polyester
C100, 111, 85
C21, 22, 23, 107 33n polyester
C5, 11, 17, 25, 31,
35, 70, 99, 105, 108 47n polyester
68n polyester
C10, 40, 71
Cl, 12, 20, 28, 30,
47, 69, 76, 104 109 100n polyester
150n polyester
C75
220n polyester
C9
27n polycarbonate
C13-16
47n polycarbonate
C24
82n polycarbonate
C6, 7, 8
1u0 polycarbonate
C2, 66, 97, 106
1n0 ceramic
C3
C19, 27, 29, 33
10n ceramic
38, 43
22p ceramic
C4
220n mylar
C78, 80
100p polystyrene,
C49, 52, 55
C44, 74, 88, 96
330p polystyrene
4 Op polystyrene
C73, 89
680p polystyrene
C91, 92
1n0 polystyrene
C39, 90
C32
ln5 polystyrene
C45, 87
2n2 polystyrene
C18, 26, 36, 41,
67, 82, 83, 84
3n3 polystyrene
4n7 polystyrene
C102, 77, 81
6n8 polystyrene
C34
lu5 63 V electrolytic
C98
,
- NOVEMBER
978
LED1
SWITCHES
SW1
SW2
SW3 to 10
Mains latchswitch
2 pole latchswitch
8 2 pole latchswitch
SW12
SW13
SW14
SW16
interdependent
2 pole latchswitch
2 pole latchswitch
2 pole latchswitch
2 pole latchswitch
2 pole latchswitch
SW17
SW18
SW19
SW20
switch
4p 3W rotary
2 pole latchswitch
Push (break) sw
3p 4W rotary
SW11
SW21
pole c/ over latch
MISCELLANEOUS
15-0-15 250mA transformer, fuse

plus holder, sockets, clip on heat sinks,
cable, etc
PCBs,
Production problems have meant that the

circuit diagrams feor this project are without the usual component annotations.
57
43
46
18.5g+179
80+12P
ICSc
ICSb
1950
L
1050
12
10
654
13
R60
74Y
D18ISZ
^
ozea
D30
190
n
3
C3
$ZD79
K1D4
41
0
T24oo-L2D
Q
13
Q,,1:3500
404
So tyI
Ò
D67
V1 D68
0691
z..ro460
D70
1.1.
11
28
31
26
12
24
36
RQ
20
13
18
14
OV
16
37
i-
_RL
38
14
15
12
'6
3
10
197
D71
45
D 52
35
-1
1,1
076I
676
412V
G74I
a33
_a30
D'r--C----s.s
R32
O
O
33
34
R51
1---
C75
40
R62
12
R53
39
R
R
R R
IR
55 156 57 58 59
OV
-0
0000 A00
L 15
54
51
-5V
14
10
53
D.r--
R3L
D.Od
?t6
I}^ D66
1j
N
SW7Oc70
491.,14 5W1B
30
436
22
5W1286,0450
SW'7
32
30
f/1SLT
1 oo"'O
5W
6^5
^l5I
r14
R61
6c
eL3I
I2 Q-"-ttz 210
T12
IC6
DV
OcaDL2
16 5
1, 57
55
11
17
Circuit diagrams of the generator and coder
D119
R14
Al2
CO1CC8C
R2 631
IC+
D1 L
121C
IC3n
13
14
24
IC
0
212
-0 26
-030
15
a25
IC4b
6
015
-0 23
16
17
20
17
23
D10
1214
20
1110*
9
12
D9
let
21
SN/19
05
o7
24
O2
22
014
IC2a
avO
O
21
9_F
O4
19
'5
+124
18
17, 9
12
670
RL179fYvR1
1C40
22
-0 29
Jti
IC3r,
IC31
623
22
27
28
+124
10
18
IC26
D-'
=V
3'
C'
34
613
SW2
OV
58
NOVEMBER 1978
PROIECT
HOW IT WORKS-
Rt3L
"79
PRE AMPLIFIER
C53
14
amplified and filtered in ICs 9 and 11 respectively. The outputs from these devices are
fed, via level control potentiometers to the
input of IC10. This mixes the two signals and
provides the final output of the instrument at
a level
suitable for feeding to
R135
ro -d
The chord and rhythm outputs are
R130
9 12
1515 819
power
amplifier.
1771h.r.
POWER SUPPLY
5.
cs
The various ICs used in the auto chord

V and
require supplies of + 12 V, + 11 V,
-11 V. The + 12 V line is derived from the
rectified AC output of T1 by the series pass
-5
It0
9137
P136
Circuit diagram of the preamplifier
element Q5. The voltage at the emitter of Q5

is determined by D91, a zener diode. The + 11
V supply is a simple shunt from the 12 V line.
The -5 V line is again a series pass circuit,
this time the output voltage being set by D92.
The -11 V rail is simply stabilised by zener
diode D93 as the current demanded from this
rail is not enough to warrant the use of
another series pass transistor.
The LED supply is taken from the negative
voltage rail and is current limited by R148.
05
20
Fee.s
29
ye.
0+12V
R146
F1
+11V
21
L
r
13116
092
Ru.2
col
090
91V1
GENERATOR AND CODER
26
23
The rhythm generator section of the instrument is centered on IC1. This is the M254,
a device that contains a ROM that will drive
the sound generators with a selection of eight
rhythms. To select a desired rhythm, the
appropriate input must be taken to ground,
via SW3-10, will the other inputs are held
high by resistors RI -R9.
The M254 requires a clock signal to operate
and this is generated by the CMOS oscillator
formed by IC2. The frequency of this oscillator, and ultimately, the tempo of the rhythm,
is controlled by R13.
The arpeggio, chord and bass accompaniment are generated by IC6, the M251.
The IC is fed with 12 input frequencies
from the tone generator, IC7. This is clocked
b% the output of the CMOS astable based on
IC5c and d.
The M251 is used in conjunction with the
\1254 which is responsible for the selection of
29.21
097
.T,C60
C63
22
5V
C65
011.1.
OV
093
CS?
R11.3
06
-11V
ei45
RIO
30
7r1c0
Circuit diagram of the power supply
-emorise the lowest four keys played
::gether with the top note played. The circuit

w-;' then provide accompaniment until the
-ode is cancelled by selecting automatic
de briefly and returning to semi_...omatic while no keys are played.
The semi -automatic mode can also be
selected without memorization of keys.
Due to the pin out restrictions of the 40 pin
:. ckage a system of multiplexing has had to
_e adopted, this explains some of the comne-:v in this area of the circuit
INTERNATIONAL
091
C57
LO
:he various notes in the arpeggio/chord/bass

accompaniment.
The M251 features a number of different
modes of operation, in the automatic mode,
when a number of keys in the two available
_staves are played, the lowest note will be
taken as a reference and memorised.
The memorized key, by means of an internal multiplexer, selects the corresponding
_pnic and all other notes programmed for
arpeggio, chord and bass accompaniment.
n the semi -automatic mode, the M251 will
__; TRONICS TODAY
0119
29
- NOVEMBER 1978
0 Lea 5.o0ky
41a
po
96i.
MO
CS
on
not
C4
L.
o eo
o:
L15
](A1
--11
Cs
p,9
--
SO
PROJECT
1B
IF
000
OBI
.a.
ar
Cleve
Ala,
.,Pue
pop
pal
t..
!09
t--11-- zau
00
:3
Srs
nro
L..
cn
Circuit diagram of the voice generator
HOW IT WORKS
VOICE GENERATOR
THE bass drum, tom-tom and low

bongo
sounds are generated by the damped
sinusoidal oscillators based upon the six
of IC8. Each of the oscillators are invertors
the same
apart from the values of the timing
capacitors which set the characteristic frequency
of
oscillation.
In each oscillator the variable
resistor
(R68, R84 and R97) will control
the rate at
which any oscillations will delay once
triggered by the M254 rhythm generator.
The square wave output of the M254 is
held
low by a resistor, necessary
because the
M254's outputs are open drain, and
fed via a
BUYLINES
Maplin Electronics will be supplying a Contact Maplin for details
of price.
complete kit of parts for the auto
Full constructional details for the
chord, including screened boards. auto chord will follow next
month.
Next month
full constructional
details plus the auto stop board.
differentiating network to the

oscillator. A pulse from the outputdamped
of the
M254 will trigger the
characteristic instrument sound.
In addition to the output of the
damped
oscillator based on IC8c and d the tom
tom,
to give it a more realistic sound,
contains a
white noise component.
The white noise is produced by the
biased zener effect of Q4 and after reverse
filtering
and buffering, by QI, with further
filtering by
Q2, is mixed with the
oscillators output to
provide a realistic tom-tom sound.
The brush sound consists of filtered
white
noise, the white noise again being
generated
by Q4
the filtering this time being performed by Q3 and associated components.
The clave output is generated
by the
resonant circuit centered around LI and
The outputs from the various C30.
voice
generating circuits are summed and fed
to
the instruments pre -amplifier.
60
NOVEMBER 1978
The Sinclair PDM35.

A personal digital multimeter for only Z9,95
Technical specification
DC Volts (4 ranges)
Range: mV to 1000 V
Accuracy of reading 0% -1 count
Note: 10 M i i input impedance
AC Volts (40 Hz -5 kHz)
Range: I V to 500 V
Accuracy of reading: 0% 2 counts
DC Current (6 ranges)
Range: nA to 200 mA
Accuracy of reading: 1.0% count
Note: Max resolution 0.1 nA
1
Resistance
(5
ranges)
Range: 11 i to 20 Mi i
Accuracy of reading: 1.5% count
Also provides 5 junction -test ranges
1
Now everyone can afford to

own a digital multimeter
A digital multimeter used to
mean an expensive, bulky piece of
equipment.
The Sinclair PDM35 changes
that. It's got all the functions and
features you want in a digital
multimeter, yet they're neatly
packaged in a rugged but light
ocket-size case, ready to go
anywhere.
The Sinclair PDM35 gives you
ail the benefits of an ordinary digital
multimeter - quick clear readings,
gh accuracy and resolution, high
nput impedence. Yet at 29.95
-8% VAT), it costs less than you'd
expect to pay for an analogue meter!
The Sinclair PDT\135 is tailor-ade for anyone who needs to make
-apid measurements. Development
_-2.ineers, field service engineers,
technicians, computer specialists,
:edio and electronic hobbyists will
nd it ideal.
With its rugged construction
d battery operation, the PDM35 is
7 erfectly suited for hand work in the
n hile its angled display and
:ional AC power facility make it
as useful on the bench
What you get with a PDM35

digit resolution
:ctomatic polarity selection

1
v001
Operation from replaceable battery

or AC adaptor.
Industry standard 10 Mi i input
impedance.
Compare it with an
analogue meter!
The PDM 35's 1% of reading

compares with 3% of full scale for a
comparable analogue meter. That
makes it around 5 times more
accurate on average
The PDM35 will resolve mV
against around 10 mV for a
comparable analogue meter - and
resolution on current is over 1000
times greater.
The PDM35's DC input
impedance of 10 M I is 50 times
higher than a 20 ki i/volt analogue
meter on the 10 V range.
The PDM35 gives precise
digital readings. So there's no need to
interpret ambiguous scales, no
parallax errors There's no need to
reverse leads for negatio e readings.
There's no delicate meter movement
to damage And you can resolve
current as loss as 0 nA and measure
transistor and diode junctions over
5 decades of current
1
o:
Sinclair AC adaptor.
Sockets: Standard 4 mm for
resilient plugs.
Options: AC adaptor for 240 V
50 Hz 130 \\ er. De -luxe padded
carrying wallet. 30 kV probe.
The Sinclair credentials
Sinclair have pioneered a whole
range of electronic world -firsts - from
programmable pocket calculators
to miniature TVs The PDM35
embodies six years' experience in
digital multimeter design, in which
time Sinclair have become one of
the world's largest producers
Tried, tested, ready to go!

The Sinclair PDM35 comes to
you fully built, tested, calibrated and
guaranteed It comes complete with
leads and test prods, operating
instructions and a carrying wallet. And
getting one couldn't be easier. Just fill
in the coupon, enclose a cheque/ PO
for the correct amount (usual 10 -day
money -back undertaking, of course;,
and send it to us.
Sinclair Radionics Ltd, London Road,

St Ives, Huntingdon, Cambs., PE17 4HJ,
England. Regd No: 699483
Sinclair Radionics Ltd, London Road, St Ives, Huntingdon. Cambs., PE17 4HJ
IPleasesend me
qt} PDiy1 35(s'
(+ [32.35 incl
AAI each
Name
L
qty
-Luxe carrying cases
cads
.
arp. bright, easily read LEI)

::0 'ia\, reading to 1.999.
_,esolution of mV and
Dimensions: 6 in x 3 in x 11/2 in.

Weight: 61/2 oz
Power supply: 9 V battery or
0.1
nA
reading of semiconductor
voltages at 5 different currents
Resistance measured up to 20 Mt
reading accuracy
and
TRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
vAl
I "324
md,
Ipower
tr 3.24
qty AC adaptors tor 240V

incl. VAT each
Post and packing please add
I enclose cheque,V0 made payable
Itu Sinclair Radionics lid lo,
I
0.65
I :mutcate total amount
understand that it I am not completely

satisfied with my PDAI 35, I may return
it within ten days for full cash refund.
II
- NOVEMBER
Address
Sinclair
World leaders in fingertip electronics]
978
61
SEIKO
20% OFF!
THIS MONTH'S
CASIO QUALITY
STAR BUY
Analogue and digital from stock or to order
ALARM/
CASIO 45CS-22B
CHRONOGRAPH
CHRONOGRAPH
Hrs, mins, secs

or Hrs mins,
date, Day,
FB 011
003 CALCULAI OR
WATCH
FH
Net, lap
and 1st & 2nd place
times 1 /100 second
to 6 hrs with rollover
SPORTS WATCHES
F-100
date, mth, yr
Dual time
12 or 4hr
Chrono
All CASIO watches have a calendar display, night illumination, mineral glass and stainless steel cases, water resistant to
100 ft (except sports watches
66
Left, 9 45 mm
(29 95)
24.95
Stainless steel, Mineral glass

Water resistant to 100 feet.
5205-14B
49.95
Right 8 mm
(44 95)
34.95
TEXAS LCD ANALOGUE

RRP
135
RRP E165
104
127.50
FB 018 Gold plated (150)
120
TODAY'S MOST ADVANCED ELECTRONIC WATCH

Hours, minutes, seconds,
Perpetual calendar
Chronograph timing
from 1/10 second to
12 hours
Dual Time
Mineral glass face
CITIZEN
LARGE REDUCTIONS
On most quartz analogue and digital models
Up to 25 functions. Net, lap and first and second

place
times to 1/100th sec. F-100. Resin case, strap 52QS-14B.
S/S encased version and bracelet.
4 DIGIT WATCHES !except World Time). Hours,

minutes,
ten seconds, seconds by Flesh am/ pm. Day, date,
month,
Stopwatch. Dual time (except 310R - 20B)
FAIRCHILD TIMEBAND
C6110 Mains digital alarm clock
alarm
minute snooze
concealed controls
3'/ax5'/s x3'/eins
Black or white
FROM CASIO
10.95
powered watches
LED
display watches
we don't sell them
S.A.E. and we will tell you why not.
Alarm, Alarm/Timer, Stopwatch.
19.95
(Left)
5405-15B
Chrono. Measuring net, lap and 1st & 2nd place times from
1/100 second to 1 hour, with rollover
All stainless steel, mineral glass
6 digit
(49 95)
39.95
CHRONOGRAPH.
6 digits as above, with stopwatch

measuring net, lap and 1st & 2nd place times from 1 / 100
sec to 6 hrs Dual time facility
escs-2:11
13.95
Chronograph
Leh,
ALARM
18n 3 (Right)
funct
100 sec stopwatch
2 x 5
MINI CARD CALCULATORS
'/e a 31/2
LC-76.
2'/s ins
16.95
19.95
FX-48 Math. Card. Full SC, with S D.

ST -24 Card Time. 24 hour stopwatch (or clock), 2
Alarm/Timers, Calc. as LC -78
19.95
ALL Casio scientifica. Lowest prices
ST -1. Four way stopwatch
24.95
CARTRIDGE
T/V GAMES
OPTIM Coronet 600
zecE-11e
FAIRCHILD TIMEBAND Grandstand
Cartridges from E12 50

ATARI Video Computer System
The very beet available to date!
Cartridges from 14.95
119.95
ALARM WATCHES
Round (E64 95)
14.95
49.95
Cocktail
25CS-16B
Internal
bracelet
(4 other
models)
Square (74 95)
59.95
18.95
Hours, mins, seconds (or hrs, mins, date) day, am /pm Day
date, month, year. 24 hr. alarm, on/off indicator.
CASIO LADIES' LCD WATCHES

+ 2 functions
27CL-15B
ULTRA SLIM DRESS WATCHES (Not 24 hour)
Round (Left)
(35 95)
* SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY OFFER
29.95
FREE extra cartridge worth 14 95 with Atari
27CL-17B
Stopwatch
(49 95)
SAVE s WITH THE MONITEL

UK model
WATCH BATTERIES 65p each D.I.Y. KIT 35p (with
optional time. Instant summertime correction. Hrs, wins, 10

secs secs by (lash Perpetual Calendar, day. date, month.
Running digital seconds display
25CR-16B
bracelet
169.95
Telephone call charge, calculator and clock

28.15, International 38.50. State colour
59.95
WORLD TIME WATCH. The time in ten ce pitals plus one
Matching
Milanese
48.50
Cartridges from E9 95
r/laa_
/'leciasbY.'_
World T,me (C74. 95,
27.50
ANALOGUE
IBICO 700. Cushion shape, Day, Mineral glass face. Water
resistant to 100ft.
28.95
LADIES' LCD WATCHES
5 functions, Backlight, Gold or silver finish Dress Watch.
PH.L2
dign (C6195)
49.95
digits
functions +
alarm setting
5 minute snooze
6
29.95
mOei i
(44 95)
34.95
Functions
as above
plus
21.95
Alarm/Timers (35 95)
nnnry
Left, 6 digit
16 x 3 (Left)
6 digits, 6 functions
17.95
Full memory, %,
DIGIT WATCHES (except Sport s and Alarm). Hours,

minutes, seconds, day OR Hours. m inutes, date, day, ten
seconds, seconds by (lash Day, dew month, year. Select able 12 h our (with am. om) or 24 hut. r clock.
6
540S -16B
CBM, 6 DIGITand ALARM WATCHES
CG -81 CALCULATING ALARM CLOCK. Plus 2 Alarm/

Timers. 24 hour alarm and alarm/timers, 6 digit LCD clock
One year battery life. 1% x 21/2 X 5 inches
(RRP 22 95)
digit
29.95
Our Price
CHRONO
X 2,/e X 4%in
RRP 26 95
41 sc.
26.95
510R -19B.
28.95
'/a
X.8000.
Send us
39.95
AO-1000 CALCULATING
ALARM CLOCK PLUS
3-WAY STOPWATCH
4 digit
(35.95)
Hours, mins,
secs or date,
day, am/pm
Day, date,
month, year
Okay, genius, so you KNEW Casio would bring one out soon!
You were right to wait.
Provisonal spec. LARGE 6 digit LCD display Night light
Left,
(E31.95).
so called.
Misrepresentation? We WON'T sell them.
ALARM
BEDSIDE
TRAVEL
'ALARM
CLOCK
PH-ALARM and ALARM CHRONO
OF COURSE
Hours. minutes. seconds, am / pm. 24

hour AWwt with sign. St epwMh : Net
times. lap limes, 1st A 2nd place ti mes
horn 1:10 sec. to 10 hrs with ST & LAP
signs. Calculator: 4 key memory, %, r/
year batteries, 20 secs/month.
10 micron gold plated
SOLAR
3.1QR-20B
179.95
199.95
Stainless steel case, bracelet
STILL THE BEST!

Large LED display 24 -hour
39.95
Send 25p for our illustrated catalogue. Price include VAT and
P&P. Send your cheque, PO or phone your credit card no.
53CS-18B
Left, 4 digit (69 95)
54.95
6
49CS-25B
digit (79 95)
64.95
Not illustrated 53CS-19B, 4 digit, barrel shaped, 54.95.
49CS-24B, 6 digit (74.95) 59.95. 53CGS-1 7L. Gum
plated, on strap 1584
-- 95) 69.95.
-
TEMPUS
62
Dept. ETI, Talk Of The Town

19/21 Fitzroy Street
Cambridge. Tel. 0223 312866
NOVEMBER 1978
electronics foday
What to look for in the December issue: On sale Nov 3rd
computing
today No.2
ETI LIGHT SHOW

-
HANDS UP all those who've never been to a

disco. None ? Good
that means you've all
seen sound- to -light units in action, although
it's more th an likely it was a normal three c hannel affair. Usua Ily boring, a re they not?
Well ETI pia ns to change that next month;
o urs has five frequ ency chann els, with in-
dividual level controls on each channel.

Control of the lights is comprehensive to say
:he least. You can run the unit as a straight
sound to light, or have it strobe all lights. At a
speed dependent upon music level (not

volume the unit is independent of that!) or
hand over control to an internal digital
circuit which produces some superb random
effects. If you fancy a five colour manually
controlled strobe unit it can do that as well!
Each channel handles up to 500 W of
lighting, and a complete kit of parts will be
Win.
TRITON
Computer
available from Powertran, who designed this

project especially for ETI.
Electronics in
Model Railways
An essential part of the education of any young
man is his electric train (checking with ETI
technical staff shows all eight had one
and five
still have). Most of us however remember the
controls as crude; today things are chancing
sop histicated electronic con trots are perfectly

suit ed to model railways and the manufacturers
are about to announce some dramatic advances.
We take a look at what's happ ening.
CURVE TRACER
t Works
Now
Want to get your hands on a Triton Computer Kit but can't afford it (yet)? In No. 2 of
our new supplement Computing Today, we
have a free -entry competition for one to be
won. If you've read this far you'll probably
know what it's worth

it's about 300.
- but
in case you
don't
Microprocessors
by Experiment
Learn about microprocessors

not from some
abstract description of a make believe MPU but by
hands on expenence with an MPU system. The
series. based on the MKI4 development kit, will
take you through the operation of the SC/MP MPU
and show you how to use it to do everything from
control your heating system to land on the moon.
acing the shape of Voltage -Current
charac__s of diodes, transistors and other non-linear

es is usually dull as it normally involves a
r^ _s plot of static, experimental data
A more elegant solution
is aval labte to
anyone
coupled scope canal) le of taking an

anal
ut lite X -input. Next month we carry a project
atre;s a DC
additional circuitry nece ssary to do this
Car Anti -theft System

project to build but sophisticated in its
In It is a comprehensive system that
7:rates
ses eral features of large and expens.-..-nercial systems and using state -of-art
it is extremely reliable A kit will be
usv;d e - f the whole project
.u-..,r.,..
es
IND X
In the Nov ember issue we begin a new type of

article The idea came to us when discussions with
experts in one area of electronics admitted to
almost total ignorance of other areas
especially
commercial circuitry. Mass-produced electronics

use techniques which are not widely understood
elsewhere
we hope to put that right. In the first
of this occasional series we have asked Gordon
King to discect a Thorn Monochrome TV; we shall
show the complete circuit and explain the function
of each stage. it's not done as a beginners series but
to give those outside this field the true "Inside
Story "
A complete listing of all we've carried in ETI since

our last Index. wh ich was carried in A pril 1977) any
went back to the first ever ETI). As our researci,.
shows that 96% of readers never thro w away Ihrir
copies it should be useful to most of y ou.
=.:=RONICS TODAY NTERNATIONAL
- NOVEMBER
978
I/O for 6800

The microprocessor user rapidly arrives at the need
to understand and apply input/output circuitry to
interface peripheral equipment to the computer

system. A standard choice, when using a 6600
microprocessor, Ls to employ a Peripheral Interface
Adapter (PIA). Many engineers now buy ready built systems then wish to utilise the PIA as
straightforward outputs and inputs. When data
sheets are consulted they are found to give concise
yet complete hardware and software Information.
The user of a ready -built system needs help in
simply getting the PIA to act as outputs and inputs
without becoming involved in the intricate details
needed be designers of microcomputer boards. This
article aims to give this help.
".:lures mentioned here are to an advanced state

of preparation as we go to press but circumstances
may affect the final contents
of the next Issue-
63
ETCH RESIST
KIT SIZE 1:1
CALCULATCIRS
Complete
SCIENTIFIC
2.50 with
SPECIAL OFFER
TEXAS Ti 59 together with PC10DB

(Complete as manufacturer s specifications)
285 00
TEXAS/HE Accessories available
'TEXAS Ti 59 (New Card prog 960 prog steps el 100 mein)
156 50
'TEXAS Ti 58 (New Key prog 480 steps or 60 mem)

60 00
'TEXAS PC1008 (New updated Printing Unit for T158 /T159)
140.00
TEXAS Ti 57 (Key Prog 8 Mere 150 Key Strokes/ 50 Prog Steps)

26 20
TEXAS T133 (New
same spec as T130, but 3 Mem)
E1395
'TEXAS T145 (New undated version of the Texas Ti 40)
(19.95
'TEXAS 42MBA (10 Dig Fin/ Star Prog 12 Mem 32 key strokes)
42 95
'TEXAS TI PROGRAMMER (Hexadecimal Oct)
E46 50
'TEXAS T151 /in (New 8 Dig + Exp 10 Mem 32 Prog Steps
Stat)Sci)
26.30
TEXAS T125 (new LCD Scr/ Stat)
1690
"SLIM -LINE"
Chronograph
BARGAIN OFFER
luxury
Ihfs
col N. hove
Chronograph until
"wI
N function
until
N Iee an ..generates.
the
lee eDl
Ik amPl1ec11
(8) 8-10--12 T O 5 Cans (9) Edge

Connectors 0.15 (10) Edge Connectors
0 1 (1 1) Lines 0 02 (12) Bends 0 02 (13)
Quad in Line
FRONT AND REAR PANEL

TRANSFER SIGNS
All standard symbols and wording
Over
250 symbols, signs and words Also

available in reverse for perspex, etc
week
reverting to normal display lime et
the release el the halloo.
amid istmmalble ,Iva .1151, le 1ms Iaollgm l

'eigrAne' rov Au prvlM 1551 Ppol for lily Nil
Nan
--GA leg en Ina

ute lee taste' u
promptly.
All post and VAT paid
We are so certain you will he delighted and satisfied with this "Slim -line"
Chronograph Sul in addition to the One Year Warranty we are altering a
14 -day money hack guarantee it you are not entirely satisfied.
MICROPHONES EM506 Condenser Mikes Uni-directtonal

F E T
Amp Dual imped
50K/600ohms, 30-18KHz on/off
switch El1 00 Miniature Tie Pin Condenser mike 1K imp
omni-directional, uses hearing aid battery (supplied) E4 95
,
Crunchy Electret Inserts with built-in F E T Preamp E1 50 Crystal

Mike Inserts 37mm 45p Electret Condenser Mikes KO Imp with
std Jack Plug 2 85 Cassette Condenser Mikes with 2 5 and 3 5
Jack Plugs E2 85 Standard Cassette Mikes 200 ohm Imped with
2 5 and 3 5 Jack Plugs E1 20
1
CRYSTALS. 300KHz HC6U 40p 0

65p 32 way 40p
Edge Connectors,
add 50p for air mail

Shop and Trade enquiries welcome
Special Transfers made to order
64 way
RELAYS. Min 220e AC Sealed Relay 2 pole C/O 45p 240v AC

Sealed Relay 3 pole C/O 5 amp Contacts 11 -pin base BOp 12 volt
4 pole N O Reed Relay top Min 24v DC Sealed 2 -pole C/O
relays 3 -amp contacts New 55p 12v DC 4pc o open type new
50p each
MOTORS 15 to 6v DC Model 20p 115v

Gearbox 30p 240e AC Synch Motor 1/5th
Ex U K
ONLY E27.50 + 1.00 p/p Ina. Send cheque/P.O. or order via

Barclay/Access credit card Today under our Special Id-Day Trial lier
Common anode 0 3 7 seg displays Toshiba type TLR303 65p

31,040
F E Ts similar to 2N3819 18p Mofset Sim to 40673 35p
Mostets 50p M203 Dual Matched Pairs Mosfets Single Gate per
Mullard BB113 Triple
F E T 40p Intel 1024 bit MOS Rams 95p
Vancap Diode 35p MC1310 Stereo Decoder C s El 20 CD4051
CMOS 50p 741 8 -pin D L 23p 500v 600mA Bridge Recs (ex
equip )25p 1N4002 100v lA Diodes 4p 14005000v A Diodes
7p E H T SIL Rec 15Kv 2 5mA 15mm x 5mm 30p 7812 12e
IA Plastic V Regs 95p Min Nimes ITT 587051 13 x 6mm Fig Size
85 Nimes ITT GN/9A 13 x 8mm 65p 0 2 or 0 125 Red LEDs
12p each MAN3A 3mm LED Displays 50p 7415 (wide
bandwidth) 35p LM380 80p LM381 90p ZN414 75p TIL305
Alpha -numerical Displays with data E2 75 ORP61 Mulford,
new, boxed 30p Special Offer SGS TBA800 ICs 10 for E5 00
AU orders dispatched
drei MUMS Willi nulcAlag Said 5racelu
OFFERS
ALL FULL SPEC.
Hi -speed Type all metal E2 25 Plastic Morse

MORSE KEYS
Keys 95p Belling Lee L4305 Masthead Amplifiers and 240v AC
power unit Group A UHF Only 7 50
Available also in reverse lettering, colours

red, blue, black or white Each sheet
12in x 9in contains capitals, lower case
and numerals 1/ein kit or 1/4in kit. 1
complete State size
ll
mine M. etanit. PAM_ Al

lee h of a
button you have dale
month date
day of
symbols for direct

Individual
application to P C board
sheets 25p each (1) Mixed Symbols (2)
Lines 0 05 (3) Pads (4) Fish Plates and
Connectors (5) 4 Lead and 3 Lead and
Pads (6) DILS (7) BENDS 90 and 130
ACCESSORIES
The "61I11 -11m" GireivirtpN gives

conti Ne1 m ac cud LG7 MOP
hours.
SEMICONDUCTOR
sheets bin x 41/2in
GRAPHIC TRANSFERS
WITH SPACER
of
13
all
Choice of colours, red, blue, black, or

white Size of sheet 12in x 9in Price 1.
you hare enjoyed
kit
TRANSFER
AC mm
R P M
3RP
M with
65p 240v AC
Synch Motor 112406 R P M 65p Crouzet 115e AC 4

Motors, new 95p 12v DC 5-pole 35p
BOXES Black A B S
35mm 40p 95 x 71
130 x 84mm E1 95
R P
Plastic with brass inserts and lid 75 x 56

e 35mm 49p
11 5 x 95 x 16mm 57p 225
Sin insulated handles El 40 Diagonal side

cutters, 5in insulated handles El 40
TOOLS Radio pliers
E. R.
TEXAS T158 with Applied Statistics

E60 00
TEXAS TI 59 with PC1008 and Applied Statistics E305 00
P.C.B. TRANSFERS
AUTUMN SALE
Mem M 6
Etc)
S One
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31 CHEAPSIDE, LIVERPOOL 2
051-236 0982
NOVEMBER 197
FEATURE
GAIN CONTROL
PART 2
To conclude his survey of
electronic gain control method s, Tim Orr presents us with

more circuits which vary from a lig ht bulb compressor to a
markspace modulated
universal filter unit, and a noise gate /expander.
Basic Limiter Circuit

Most professional limiter circuits use a FFT as the variable
gain
element. Relatively low distortion with a reasonable signal to
noise rat; can be obtained. A basic limiter circuit is shown
this
being no c..fferent to previous circuits except for the
variable
gain element.
When a relatively small voltage (20 mV) is applied to the
drain source of a FET, it acts like a fairly linear resistor. As the
gate source voltage is varied, this resistor (ADS) also varies.
In tact the channel resistance RDS is inversely proportional
gate source voltage Vas. When V is oV, then RDS is at to
its
generally minimum resistance (130,1 which can be as low as 5R,
but it is generally more like 100R. When VG, exceeds the
off voltage (Vp or Vcs off) the channel resistance goes pinch
up to
several hundred Megohms. So a Junction FET can be used as a
voltage controlled resistor, except that Ron and
(OFF) tend
to vary widely from device to device. HoweverVcs
with a hit of
perseverance suitable devices can be selected and made to
work.
One circuit trick that greatly reduces distortion is shown
here.
Halt of the audio signal at the drain of the FET is presented to
the
gate. This is superimposed on top of the control voltage and
produces a distortion cancelling effect. Distortion levels below
0.19/0 can he achieved using this technique.
-
AUD O
SIG
IN
ATTACK
RELEASE
TIME
CONSTANTS
OUTPUT
r1F
15K 2"1.
MATCHED
NPN PAIR
Transistor VCA
OUTPUT
A circuit similar in operation to
a CA3080 can be constructed

with a matched pair of transistors and an op amp. Transistors 01.
2 form a differential transistor pair
which is used to steer
whatever current is available between the two collectors, just
as
in the CA3080. the difference between the
collector currents is
equal to the product of the input voltage times the
times a constant. This difference is extracted by the current rr
differential
amplifier ICI. The current IFE is controlled by Qe. As the control
voltage goes positive. Qe robs most of the current flowing
down
the 39k resistor, and hence
Irr and the output of IC1 decrease.
1
!_
id
V
1
CONTROL
BC182
3V=OFF
OV = ON
-12
BONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
- NOVEMBER 1978
i>>
Two Channel Low Level Expander/Noise Gate

56k
22k THD TRIM
+12v
22k
NOTE
IC1 IS
THRESHOLD
1,2NE570
IC2
IS CA3140
D1,D2 ARE 1N4148
RA
33p
/RB
-36dBM(33mVpp)
30
-46dBM(10mVpp)
100
-56dBM(3.3mVpp)
300
100k
22k
40--VVV-1
q)//
8(9)
THD
TRIM
tuo
P
(10).
OUTPUT
tu0
v ref
INPUT
100k
}(16)
t
OV 812V)
12u2
VARYING
RA / RB
GND
Vcc
13
+12V
Cr
RC
1:15LOPE
EFFECT OF
J/ i/
+10
OUTPUT
LEVEL
20
-30
-40
2:1 SLOPE
50
THRESHOLD
dBM
70
-60-50-40-30-20-10 0 +10
dBM
II
II
t
IN
DECREASING RC
(RC=10M) (RC1100k)
INPUT
LEVEL
It is often required that a rather noisy signal be cleaned up a bit.

This is not possible to do continuosuly, but it is possible to clean
up noise in what was initially the gaps. The results of this
cleaning up process can quite often be heard when telephone
conversations from "foreign correspondents" are broadcast.

By turning down the signal level in the gaps, (by performing a
low level expansion) the perceived sound quality improves
dramatically.
The circuit performs just such an expansion. The inputs signal
passes through the variable gain cell and then appears at the op
amp output. The gain of the gain cell is controlled by the signal
coming from IC1 This is a high gain amplifier with diode
clamping, so that the output swing is limited to about 1 VO ptp.
Therefore for input signals of 10 mV pp to 10 V pp, the output of
IC1 remains at about 1 VO ptp to 1 V2 ptp.
S, for this range of input voltages the gain of the gain cell
remains roughtly static. Now when the input level drops below
10 mV, the output of IC1 will start to fall and so will the gain of
the gain cell. This produces a 2:1 downwards expansion curve,
which means that the output then gets quieter at a rate faster
than the input. To accentuate this effect, a bleed resistor can
be placed in parallel with C.
The resistor robs some of the current that would have
otherwise gone to the gain cell and causes the input output curve
to roll off much more rapdily at low signal levels. Also, by varying
the resistor ratio of RZ / RB, the expansion threshold level can be
altered.
Incredibly Simple Compressor

Not a Il gain control systems need be complicated or indeed
active One product which I saw adverti sed was a compressor to
help p revent loudspeakaroverloads. All it was was a lightbulb is
series with the loudspeaker. When the power exceeds a certain
level, the lamp will turn on, glow, its resistance ncreases
dramatically and hence a bigger percentage of the pow er output
is dissipated in the lamp. A nice, simple solution, but I think it
would require some experimentation to find the right s ortofcar
headlamp bulb!
.
LIGHBULB
POWER
AMPLIFIER
LOUDSPEAKER
66
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
- NOVEMBER
978
FEATURE : Gain
Control
Switched Frequency Low Pass Filter
22k
lc--.n//`
22k
-./V/k/ti
effective resistance is switched by using

4016 gates. The filter is a lowpass Butterworth and by turning
gates A or B ON or OFF the cut off frequency can be altered. This
allows the filter control to be physically remote or even to be
computer controlled. Mark Space modulation of A and B would
enable continuous control over the cut off frequency.
In this example the
ICIa
39
-///-
-----
6kB
ICtp
B.
22k
ICId
22k
22k
V
POWERED BY
6k0
6V
Four Quadrant Multiplication
15n
Vout
15n
RA
15k
100+
OFF
ON
OFF
DFF ON
Fc 500Hz 1kHz
OFF
2 kHz
ON
ON
Vout
V in
2.5kHz
2k5
500Hz 1k0
2
FREQUENCY
k0
NOTE
100k
DC OFFSET
Vy REJECTION)
IC1 is
CA3080
IC2 is 741
!1'1'Pliu.,;
i
'dllli
II
vy
OUTPUT
"No. I thought you were supposed to bring the key!"
sing a few circuit tricks, the CA3080 can be made to

guriarm 4 quadrant multi plication. In fact the CA3080 performs
2emadran t multiplication and the trick is to move the axis on the
aaabiplying graph. If we ignore the RA resistor chain then we
Irae a 2 quadrant multiplier circuit similar to that shown
g iously. Imagine that Vx is a 1 kHz sine wave. 1 Vptp and V,, is
:Iltil. The output of IC2 is a sine wave of fixed amplitude. Now
we connect RA, and adjust the balance control, it will be
to cancel out the output, because the signal coming
lbw IC1 is out of phase with that from the RA resistor chain. So
V, set at 0 V there is no output for IC2. If V, goes +ve, the
arprrt of ICI will become greater than the current via the RA
ohm and the output if IC2 will grow.
V V_ goes-ve the current through the RA chain will exceed
Met from ICI and the output of IC2 will grow, the phase being
satR+t
ssa to that when V was a sinewave from an oscillator, the n
Sus .Drcuit could be used to generate ring modulation effects.
Arisen V, is set up OV there may be some V, breakthrough an d
tIliGan be minimised by adjusting the Vr rejection preset.
il
Su
I1
Albe
_CTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
- NOVEMBER 1978
C isco.
"Forget about RAMS, ROMS AND PROMS, darling

got to talk about PRAMS!"
...
we've
67
Markspace Modulated Universal Filter
w
10 k
10k
-sAAA-
IF-
INPUT
l0n
10k
N-/yV-e--4
II --a
10n
10k
tC1
IC Sb
LP
IC3
/7777
NOTE
ALL OP AMPS ARE
ALL OP AMPS
POWERED FROM
741
RC4136
IC5a,b ARE 1/4 4016
IC6 IS LM339
Fo MAX =1.46kHz
OR
1/4
6V
20
OUTPUTS
D1 IS
BP, LP, HP
1N4148
MARK/ SPACE
MODULATION
MARK ISPACE
RATIO
i-06kHz
100%
Mjso%-
RESONANT
FREOUENCY
OR
FILTER
IIIO't.-
0Hz
0V
+ 3V
OV
V
+ 3V
CONTROL
+Vcc
CONTROL
(+6 V)
2k7
4 k7
+Vc[ (+6V,.
3V
131
4k7
Vre1
2k7
B20p
100n
_10nr
tVcc
/7)77
4k7
IC7
C6
1OOn
T-V
-6V,
CA3140 8 LM339
POWERED FROM Vcc
47k
sAAr
V CONTRO L
20kHz TRIANGLE
It is possible to change the gain of an amplifier by effectively
altering the input resistor. This can be done by markspace
modulating
voltage controlled switch in series with the

resistor.
When the markspace ratio is low, the switch is OFF most of
the time and the effective resistance is large. When the
markspace ratio is high the switch is ON most of the time and the
effective resistance approaches that of the series resistor.
Having generated a markspace control waveform, it is
possible to gang up toget her literally hundreds of voltage
controlled switches. This en ables large numbers of variables to
be simultaneously changed.
The cir cuit is a markapace modulated uni versai filter (IC -6)
and the m arkspace generator itself (IC -11).
IC7-10 forms a triangle square wave os cillator. IC7 is an
integrator whose putout ramps up and down between OV and a
+ 3 V reference. 1C8-10 are all fast comparators. 1C8 detects
68
0+3V
when the integrator outputs of 1C8 & 9 are used to flip over a
schmitt tri gger IC10, which then drives the integrator. Thus the
integrator output ramps up and down between O V and +3 V at a
rate of 20 kHz.
It is important that the frequency of the markspace oscillator
be relatively high. As a rule of thumb it should be 21/2 times the
highest frequency components of the signals that yo u hope to
process. The triangle output is fed into IC11's invert ing input.
the control voltage into the non inverting input. The output of
IC11 is the merkapace modulation which is used to drive the
switches IC5,6. The filter resonant frequency is directly proportional to the mark space ratio that drives these switches.
The number of IC's used is a quad package, and so is the 401 S
and so can be the op amps (use RC4136). Thus the whole circuit
can be realised with only 4 IC's. Also the mark space oscillator
canbe used to drive other independent comparators.
- NOVEMBER 1978
E" 1
240 Watts!
15
HY5
The HY5 is a mono hybrid amplifier ideally suited for all applications All common input functions
,(mag fanndge I uner, etc ); are catered for internally, the desired function is achieved either by a
multi 'way switch or direct connection to the appropriate pins The internal volume and tone circuits
mere ly require co nnectinr)to external potentiometers (not included) The HY5 is compatible with all
I.L P power amplifiers and power supplies To ease construction and mounting a P C connector is
supplied with each pre -amplifier.
FEATURES: Complete pre -amplifier in single pack -- Multi -function equalization
Low noise
Low
Preamplifier
distortion
- High overload -- two simply combined for stereo

- Mixers -- Disco -- Guitar and Organ
APPLICATIONS: Hi-Fi
SPECIFICATIONS:
-- Public address
INPUTS Magnetic Pick-up,3mV Ceramic Pick-up 30mV Tuner 100mV

Auxiliary 3-100mV; input impedance 47k7 at kHz
OUTPUTS Tape 100mV; Main output 500mV R M S
ACTIVE TONE CONTROLS Treble T 12d at 10k-iz sass T at 100Hz
DISTORTION 0 1% at 1kHz, Signal/Noise Ratio 68dB
OVERLOAD: 38dB on Magnetic Pick-uo. SUPPLY VOLTAGE T 16 50V
Price 6.27 + 78p VAT. P&P free
HY5 mounting board B1 48p + 6p VAT P&P free
Microphone
10mV,
HY30
15 Watts into
The HY30 is an exciting New kit from L P it features a virtually indestructible C with short circuit
heatsink P C board, 4 resistors, 6 capacitors,
and thermal protection The kit consists of
C
mounting kit, together with easy to follow construction and operating instructions This amplifier is
ideally suited to the beginner in audio who wishes to use the most up-to-date technology available
FEATURES: Complete kit
Low Distortion
Short Open and Thermal Protection -- Easy to Build
APPLICATIONS: Updating audio equipment
Guitar practice amplifier -- Test amplifier -- Audio
I
8i
oscillator
SPECIFICATIONS:
OUTPUT POWER 15W R M S into 8L7 DISTORTION 0 1% at 15W
INPUT SENSITIVITY 500mV FREQUENCY RESPONSE 10Hz-16kHz -- 3dB
SUPPLY VOLTAGE -,18V
Price 6.27 + 78p VAT. P&P free.
HY50
25 Watts into
ILP s total integration approach to power amplifier design The amplifier features an
integral heatsink together with the simplicity of no external components During the past three years
the amplifier has been refined to the extent that it must be one of the most reliable and robust High
Fidelity modules in the World.
FEATURES: Low Distortion -- Integral Heatsink -- Only five connections -- 7 Amp output transistors
-- No external components
APPLICATIONS: Medium Power Hi-Fi systems -- Low power disco -- Guitar amplifier
SPECIFICATIONS: INPUT SENSITIVITY 500mV
OUTPUT POWER 25W RMS in 8Q LOAD IMPEDANCE 4-16Q DISTORTION 004% at 25W at
The HY50 leads
80
kHz
HY120
60 Watts into
8Q
SIGNAL/NOISE RATIO 75dB FREQUENCY RESPONSE 10Hz-45kHz -- 3dB

SUPPIY VOLTAGE LI 25V SIZE 105 50 25mm
Price 8.18 + 1.02 VAT. P&P free.
The HY120 is the baby of ILP s new high power range, designed to meet the most exacting
requirements including load line and thermal protection, this amplifier sets a new standard in modular
design
FEATURES: Very low distortion -- Integral Heatsink -- Load line protection -- Thermal protection -Five connections -- No external components
APPLICATIONS: Hi -P -- High quality disco
Public address -- Monitor amplifier -- Guitar and
organ
SPECIFICATIONS:
INPUT SENSITIVITY 500mV
OUTPUT POWER 60W RMS into 8t7 LOAD IMPEDANCE 4-16Q
DISTORTION 0 04% at 60W at
kHz
SIGNAL/NOISE RATIO 90d
35V
FREQUENCY RESPONSE 10Hz-45kHz
-3dB
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
85mm
Price 19.01 + 1 52 VAT. P&P free.
Size 114
HY200
120 Watts into
8i
50
now -m droved to gwe an output of 120 Wan, has bean designed è stand the most
perfgrrrxlnce
rugged condnions, such as disco or group while still resaimng'lne
Very lot dgtarlhm
FEATURES: Thermal shutdown
loaelme pro:edron Integral Hears,nk The 11Y200
No external components
'
APPLICATIONS: Hi-Fi -- Uisco -- Monitor -- Power Slave - '^dust a. - Public address

SPECIFICATIONS:
INPUT SENSITIVITY 500mV
OUTPUT POWER 120W RMS into 8Q LOAD IMPEDANCE 1-16:z D STORTION 0 OS% at 100W at
kHz
SIGNAL/NOISE RATIO 96dB FREQUENCY RESPONSE 10.12-d5xr.z --
-45V
SIZE 114
HY400
3dB
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
100 x 85mm
-The HY400 is L P 's "Bin Daddy" bf the range proaucino 240W into 40! It has been designed for
high power disco or public address applications lithe amo,Me s to be used at continuous high power
levels a cooling fan is recommended The amplifier includes an the qualities of the rest of the family to
x
APPLICATIONS: Public address - Disco -- Power slave -- Industrial

SPECIFICATIONS:
OUTPUT POWER 240W RMS into 4Q LOAD IMPEDANCE 4-16',7 DISTORTION
1
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
n45V
INPUT$ENSITIVITY 500mV SIZE 1-14 x 100
POWER
SUPPLIES
0 1% at 2401N al
kHz
SIGNAL/NOISE RATIO 94dB
10Hz-45kriz - 3dB SUPPLY VOLTAGE
85mm
PSU36 suitable for two HY30's 6.44+ 81p VAT

PSU50 suitable for two HY50's 8.18 + El 02 VAT
PSU70 suitable for two HY120's 14.58 + E1 17 VAT
PSU90 suitable for one HY200 15.19 + El 21 VAT
PSU180 suitable for two HY2000's or one HY400 25.42 + F2 03 VAT
TWO YEARS' GUARANTEE ON ALL OF OUR PRODUCTS
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I.A
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74147
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901'
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74176
74190
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74191
74196
74197
74198
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4021
15p
18p
55p'
931'
52p
995'
991
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90p
201
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4023
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4025 19p
4027
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4030 58p'
4032
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4034
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4040 SIp"
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4093
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751'
690'
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391 Op Amp
301'
555 Timer 1905551
274"
70p"
5580vel555
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741C 5 Pia OIL OPA
741C 1099 or 01114
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78051 Arno yell
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911"
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55p.
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27p-
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69p
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Telephone 0734 669 116
PROJECT
AUDIO OSCILLATOR
WITH LCD DFM OPTION
oscillator combines with a new design in

frequency meters that provides accura cy and fast
An audio
reading rates.
Front view of the audio oscillator. Note that

this is an early prototype and the 3V range
has been deleted.
ETI
AUDIO OSCILLATOR
eREQUlNC
10 -100
100-1k
1k -10k
10k -100k
30 mV
100 mV
300mV
10mV
3mV
1V
rmv
3V
0
O
OUTPUT ADJUSTMENT
ON
SINE
SQUARE
IKTRONIcs
TODAY INTERNATIONAL
OUTPUT
- NOVEMBER 1978
THE WEIN BRIDGE oscillator

published in our June issue did not
provide a performance of adequate
standard for many test

applications -one would not have
expected so from such a simplified
design Since then we have had
many requests to provide a high
performance oscillator
This oscillator started life as
another wein bridge, started to
evolve as a voltage controlled sweep
oscillator but when it became too
complex reverted to a simple wein
bridge.
One major problem with all home
made oscillators is that of scaling the
frequency dial. This is not just a
problem of positioning the knob but
since normally available
potentiometers have a tolerance of
* 20%, the scale length will also
vary. In commercial units the use of
an expensive wire wound
potentiometer solves most of the
problems giving reasonably accurate
scaling.
We then decided to build in a
frequency meter and the high power
consumption and the poor resolution,
especially at low frequencies, of
previous designs led us to develop a
completely new design.
This uses what is literally an
analogue computer to convert a
period measurement into frequency
with some digital electronics
controlling it and displaying the
results We based this on the Intersil
ICL7106 IC which, due to its
liquid crystal display drive
circuitry. allows a low power
consumption design. Due to the
method of conversion from period to
frequency the range is limited from
about 50 to 1999 counts and
therefore automatic range selection is
used. As the oscillator itself has less
range than this. this limitation is no
problem.
To simplify wiring we initially used
CMOS analogue switches to select
the range changing capacitors in the
oscillator but this unfortunately
increased the second harmonic
,
OSCILLATOR,
PROJECT
LCD FREQUENCY METER
+12V
R9
1k
C9
1u0
R3
ZD1
10V
1M
13
IC4/2
H10ICI/1
R6
10k
IC5/1
4016
1 0
lOn
OV
R12
4001
11
100k
4518
IC5/2
4016
IC5/3
R4
4016
1k
6
IC4,13
35
4001
D3RV1
1k
10
C3
100n
C4
+12V
R1
10k
R15
1M
3130
RI
10
C'`
lOn
R7
1k
OV
C6
T330p
470n
OV
30
32
20
IC7
ICL7106 22
29
25
DISPLAY
47k
40
IC311
05
10
4062
I00k
34
39
33
se
MVA-t
C8
100n
12114 15 111
R17
100k
NOTES:
R11
27
II
C11
loop
OV
INPUT
R14
4M7
R8
220n
R16
100k
LCD
13
04
9M7
C7
swlc
R13
Cl
*12V
IC 12
37
1k
11
13
4052
36
12
4001
10n
01
BC549
Rb
11
IC4/4
1M
11
C12
IC54
4016
IC6
21
31
lOn
IC4/1
4001
R10
4M7
IC2/1
4518
6p
10
IC2/2
4518
IC 1/2
OV
4518
POWER SUPPLIES AND PINS CONNECTED

TO THE POWER RAILS ARE NOT SHOWN.
C1,2 PIN 16 IS+12V
C1,2 PINS 7, 8, 9, 15 ARE OV
C3
PIN 16 IS+12V
C3
PINS 6, 7, 8 ARE OV
C4,5 PIN 14 IS+12V
C4,5 PIN 7 IS OV
THE INPUT SHOULD BE A DIGITAL

SIGNAL OF 12V AMPLITUDE.
THE CONTROL INPUTS ARE NOT
TERMINATED ON THE PC BOARD
AND SHOULD BE CONNECTED TO
EITHER +12V OR OV DEPENDING
ON RANGE REOUIRED.
Fig. 1. The circuit diagram of the frequency meter section.
HOW IT WORKS
This section works by generating a vol tage
proportional to the period of one cycle and
using this as the reference voltage for the
Intersil voltmeter IC with a fixed voltag e on
and 105/2 will turn on. This discharges C3 to

zero volts. After a short delay to allow C3 to
discharge IC514 is turned on transferri ng
that voltage level onto C5. After a total of
two cycles the process recommences. The

capaci-
-leI err
o rum
untiullrd by
grime tit nl whir
Iluvatiun is as billows Initially C:3 is
hargud and for one cycle of the input
signal IC5/1 turns on. As the IC7 provides a
stable voltage between pin I and pin 32 of
about 2.8V the output of IC6 will fall linearly
with time and as IC5/1 is on for exactly one
cycle the voltage change will be proportional
to that period.
After IC5/1 turns off the output of 106 will
stay fixed. 1C5/3 is then turned on and C4 will
change to that voltage. After half a cycle
IC5/3 will turn off leaving C4 at that voltage
gPIIpl Alp flip
m
"r
disc
Ir
_Ot.
liil
pnilluii
it lu h
turn
Hun, loom ilui}, ulY
eI W s m 1('6 The pulses which control
IC5 arc derived from IC1/1 and IC4
ull,rl
A reference voltage less than half the input

voltage will result in the ICL7106 counting
past 2000 (over ranging). The two inputs
must also lie within the supply rails (less
1.5V). This limits the range of the instrument
from 5 Hz to 200 Hz For the higher frequency
ranges, three decade drivers are provided and
the necessary output selected by IC3 The
correct decimal point is also selected by the
other half of this IC
PARTS LIST
RESISTORS
all'/aW 5%
R1, 6
10k
1MO
R2,3, 15
R4, 5, 7, 9
R8
1k
R10,13,14
R
1,
2,
6,
47k
4M7
100k
POTENTIOMETER
RV1
1k ten turn trim
CAPACITORS
330p ceramic
56p ceramic
100n polyester
C2 tD
C4, 5, 10 12 10n polyester

C6
470n polyester
C7
220n polyester
l uO 35 V tantalum
C9
C
100p ceramic
SEMICONDUCTORS
IC1, 2
IC3
IC4
IC5
IC6
IC7
4513
O1
BC549
1N914
10 V 300mW Zener
Dl -D5
ZD1
4052
4001
4016
CA3130
ICL7106
,C 10Q
LCD
I9Q' *Q'
R3
Shown on this page
foil pattern,
overlay and photograph
of
the
are the
U
RV
frequency meter section.
cr
C
R16
INPUT
PROJECT OSCILLATOR
----Cl
220n
SW1a
12V
C2
01
R6
6809
22n
C15
R9
1000a
689
OSCILLATOR
D2
C32n2
93
R17
1009
47k
06
97
02
CO
04
10k
220p
OV
4k7
C17
100v
R13
100k
RV 1a
100k
R1
D1
03
R18
1OR
1V
R24
114
911
IHI
It 15
47k
1k
07
e
R19
1k2
3t10mV
98
RVlb
1f
10k
1.12
4k7
lCll
lOp
.C10
470u
C5
220n
1l
SW1b
912
2209
100k
CO
412
.
i
25
114
R14
10k
100neV
C13
10
t-d
C14
1%
16
R26
R16
47k
168
30enV
5W2
-edr***.
R4
-10n
47k
R27
R5
4k7
168
C7
103
RIO
68R
2n2
10 mV
=05
RV2
R28
10k
C8
220p
-D4
168
-D6
3mV
R29
1k8
1mV
R30
8209
11. DV
Fig. 2. The circuit diagram
of the oscillator section.
PARTS LIST
Oscillator Board
RESISTORS all 1/2W 5%
R1, 2,5
4k7
R3, 4, 15, 16
47k
R6
R7, 12, 14
R8
R9, 10
R11
It
I;l
ItI/
11111
680R
10k
220R
CAPACITORS
C1, 5
220n polyester
C2, 6
22n polyester
C3, 7
2n 2 polyester
C4, 8
220p ceramic
C9, 12, 13, 14 15 10u 25 V electrolytic
C10
68R
C1
1k
C15
C17
100k
HOW IT WORKS
10( Ht
VIII
470u 25
V electrolytic
10p ceramic
The oscillator is of the conventional Wein

bridge type with a differential amplifier made
up by QI -Q5. Gain stabilization is provided
by the thermistor THI. This type of circuit
oscillates at the frequency where the impedance of the capacitors equals the resistors in
the Wein bridge arms. With this feedback
network the attenuation does not vary

greatly like that of a twin tee but the phase
MI('(INItIIC
11
shift does. The result is a sine wave oscillator
with low distortion.

For frequency variation
two gang poten20/1 cont inuous

variation with switched capacitors giving
four ranges each a decade apart.
The sine wave output is conver ted to
square wave by ICI with the amplitude
stabilized by D3 -D6.
tiometer is used to give
16
IIIEY1M19l1111
1111
lypn
WIII
SWl
1111;1
['OH NIlUMI IL RS
'FiV1
100k dual rotary
RV2
10k lin rotary

'RV1
tion
I,
.u.
,L.., ,6..
Jlqu
.n
on the left.
Ilt'i
I
SW2
luee pole lour way rotary
SPDT
MISCELLANEOUS
PCB
resolu-antilog
the preferred curve giving
rotation acceptable
is
log is as
best
If reverse
is
good. Otherwise use
linear curve
INPUT
+VE
0V
et*
BUYLINES
C8 C7 C6
The components for
00
this project should

be readily available
from most suppliers
the LCD display
C4 C3
000 c
-and DVM chip being
stock items with

many firms by now.
RV1a
/.1
OUTPUT
UV
(BATTERY
SW3
-..1
U1
SPECIFICATION
Oscillator Section
Ranges
10.0-100.0 Hz
100-1 000 Hz
1.00-10.00 kHz
10.0-100.0 kHz
Outputs available
Output level
sine or square
1 V maximum
continuously variable plus
10 dB steps down to 1 mV
nominally 600 ohms
Output impedance
Sine wave distortion
Square wave risetime
Frequency Meter Section
Number of digits
Display
Reading rate
Resolution
Mode
General
Power consumption
distortion when the supply voltage

dropped below 12 volts This is due
to the non -linearity of the "on"
resistance when the input voltage
changes We therefore reverted to
the good old mechanical switch!
Construction
Assemble the frequency counter
board first, following the overlay
provided. As this board is mounted
very close to the front panel (only the
height of the LCD) the capacitors
should have leads long enough to
allow them to be laid, on their side on
top of the resistors, etc. Also the
CA3130 and the transistor will have
to be mounted close to the board
While it is not essential that a socket
be used (we didn't) for the LCD, one
is recommended Be very careful
with the display as it is glass and

therefore fairly fragile
The oscillator board can now be
assembled following its overlay
diagram The thermistor should be
tied down using a loop of tinned
copper wire and pins should be used
on all external wire terminating
points Cut all leads short on the back
of the PCBs as the two are mounted
back -back with only 6 mm spacing.
We built the units into a large box
with all the cmponents mounted on
the front panel The PCBs are
secured by four 6BA c/s screws
through the aluminium but hidden by
the front panel The frequency meter
board is spaced using 6BA nuts to
give just enough clearance for the
display and is held in place using 6.4
mm long tapped spacers. Check that
the spacers do not touch any track on
<0.1%
200ns
31/2
LCD
per second
0.1 Hz on lowest range
5
Period measurement
computed to read frequency
26mAe 12VDC
the PCB and if so add pieces of
insulation material under them
The switches and potentiometers
can now be mounted on the front
panel and the wiring from the
frequency counter board to the range
switch done. Add wires from the two
power connections and the input for
later connections to the oscillator
board.
The-oscillator board can now be
mounted onto the back of the
frequency meter board ensuring that
no leads short between the two
boards Also check that the spacers
do not touch any tracks on the
oscillator board. The wiring of the
front panel can now be completed.
Checking and Adjustment

Switch on the check that the
frequency meter and oscillator are
working Monitor the output of the

oscillator with an accurate frequency
counter and adjust the oscillator to
the top end of one range The
frequency meter can now be
calibrated by means of the 10 turn
potentiometer on that board.
Check that the display range
changes correctly and that the
decimal point also moves Each
range while nominally having a
10-100 variation will be adjustable
from about 7 to 1 50. Check the
attenuator has 10 dB between steps.
Marshalts
&ire eurdgQta reatdeae

Call in and see us 9-5.30 Mc* -Fri 9-5.00 Sat
Express Mail Order Tel orders c i credit cards 10 miri
Trade and export enquiries welcome
A. M111dodl 'London) Ltd., Dept. ETI. Headtfice mail order, Krngsgale House Kingsgale Place NW6 4TA. Tel. 01-624 0805 Retail
Rides London:
Cricklewood Broadway. NW2 3ET Tel 01452 01 61 2 Telex 21492. London: 325 Edgware Road. W2 Tel 01-723 4242 Glasgow: 85 Wes: Regent
Street
G2 2QD Tel 041.332 4133 Or111011 S2ralTs Parade. Funponds Road. 5516 2LX Tel 0272 654201
-
TRANSISTORS
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1.05
741676
250
741896
141901
141919
741926
741936
141965
741975
7416279
741$289
Hen keyboard and display,
741330M
7420379
7415386
74L540
7415429
7415479
7415486
7410499
1418516
user42.00
7410.5411
7413730
1415769
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0.66
0.96
1.48
1.65
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40516
40528
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4054
4055
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1.65
0.00
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40608
4063
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1.15
1.35
0.75
4.85
0.27
0.24
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0.24
4067
4068
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40706
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4072
40736
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0.24
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0.70
0.27
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0.69
4077
4078
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4095
4096
4097
4098
45109
Yale
18
GI
19
20
ZO
40
40
20
40
00.55
1978
CATALOGUE
components
Irancbised suppliera available in UK All VAT inclusive

prices Over 8 000 line
items plus lols more 45p
post paid or 35p lo callers
al any of our lour branches
I145
1155
OUR 1978 CATALOGUE
*
0124,
MAIL
4
mum,
401
713,
m de,11
Oldls
all
rleaeonadd
p1 le .111
Telephone
on aiS11
111(1 n11
m','
31/2
lad,
7106 ku LCD
dmplay. Ball
opera led.
Contains all
components
required Ior
cunslruclion plu
PCB Aulo
tern extremely
versatile and
accorale easy
assemble kit
NOVEMBER 1978
7423211
1474211
0.54
0.56
0.54
1.30
7.30
0.64
4.39
0.85
0.05
14170
140839
740855
14000
14140
1.10
1.10
1.20
0.06
1.10
1.10
14290M
742936
742959
7421076
7411509
1.35
1.04
741111
74126
741311
74146
7447AN
74484
745011
74516
74536
145411
1.22
7460
7401519
7411510
4.14
2.47
3.68
74701
14726
14736
14215711
221
7474N
7401606
74C1611
7401629
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.04
1.11
74756
74766
74809
74016
74826
74836
0.35
0.95
7411811
1.40
741105
1.40
741210
741224
141236
0.20
0.55
0.55
0.45
0.86
141256
741410
741401
14140
74150
741516
741536
141549
141556
741576
7416001
7416101
74162M
1.35
0.86
1.20
0.76
0.76
1.20
0.70
0.78
14115M
1.60
1.00
741766
741776
741800
741015
741826
0.90
0.90
1.00
2.00
0.80
7418411
1.50
1.50
3.25
2.60
1.40
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
7411411
741856
7421936
1.30
7415158N
742190
1.04
748411
1.20
74190M
2.00
4.65
741.3160M
74925
74936
74946
74956
0.45
0.45
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0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
200
7410161M
74009
74011
74029
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1.00
1.20
1.75
0.65
1.43
0.85
1.43
4516
2.10
45188
1.20
1410.124M
742512511
210
1.00
741.3162N
14L516411
OUR NEW
CATALOGUE
IC
74116411
7443M
1.43
TRIACS
sk s
pin 15p
14 pin 16p
22 pin
30p
24 pin
IBp
28 pin
IS pin 27p
40 pin
35p
45p
55p
16 pin
74016311
14180M
1.00
090
0.76
NEW LOW PRICES
FULL RANGE IN
FULL RANGE OF
Capacitors
Resistors
Plugs/skls
Malers
Nodes
Clocks
calal0gue
Cables
Cases
in our new
plastic pack 4800 70220
Texas
amp
amp
amp
8
12
DIGIT PANEL METER KIT
Inlersi1
ORDER
740106
7410M
0.70
1.95
7410711
1.20
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lrom
7420811
740911
74969
14915
741009
741515611
741512217
2.30
1.30
Low profile
7110191M
7405M
74151269
74121369
7412109N
OIL SKTS
40 page calalegue
new
enlarged micro section
Iargesl ronge of quality
11
14111695
0.42
0.42
0.00
0.83
2.70
0.50
0.50
0.44
971139
87090
61E6102
1732C
1400011
40188
40188
40200
E7-C7RONICS TODAv ;ti ,-ERVAT!ONAL
07258
07259
57336
07337
07338
BFY52
ME6101
117328
0.70
0.54
0.72
0.59
0.82
0.76
0.24 7410
4002
4006
4007
40080
4009
4010
40118
4012
40138
4014
4015
4016
S.A.E. FOR DETAILS
61257
0.27
0.27
0.27
717407
14E4104
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
T1P3IC
1.98
1.98
1.20
1415129
7410130
741395AM
NEW
072253
072448
072440
012458
092459
1.37
07950
67951
07456
6E4102
9E4103
71P314
14111939
14101961
CMOS
CHIP 17 20
FULL CARD
1151 00
97198
07199
972243
67089
117005
6E4101
T1P30C
741019211
',EOM
14LS9311
0.37
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.22
0.27
0.38
8.33
0.44
0.44
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.42
0.49
0.52
0.30
0.29
0.30
171084
0.16
0.19
0.16
1.43
40178
a4*
0.41
871188
137030
ME4002
ME4003
0.26
0.39
0.50
CATALOGUE
61182
07103
07104
87185
B7194
67195
07196
97197
07429
14E4001
741020
741520
7410.029
74LS03N
6 - 114141496 314141 Or
41,401111
The Co nlmodwa PET end 0 IM are had, befe dnon the 6502
Micro VDU INTERFACE
VDU nerd
takes control
E1 50 00
Fully assembled TTY Card -ASCII keyboard in
converts TV set to cheap
computer terminal we
ial socket Also standard RS232 connector for
micro computer or modem
16 line x 64 characters
SEND SAE NOW FULL DETAILS
67181
071181
74131411
KIM
MANY MORE
TYPES
STOCKED
SEND FOR OUR
07180
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.34
0.34
0.30
0.38
0.30
0.35
0.30
07980
INTO A PERSONAL HOME COMPUTER
741.00111
MICROCOMPUTER
VDU Interlace Superb

documentation. 2K m
software In ROM Powerful
Instruction set The beauty of this system is the ease of
extension and versatility, with all the possible future requirements catered
For. Up and running in minutes. Any future benefits from Commodores PET
mputer w.0 oe software rompal. ble with their KIM system and in fact your
KIM syste of nos the 4x199 bevel ity to suit any requirements
KIM IS E XPAI01Mt1
24848 d as you learn up to 65K.
KIM 1
Be, bend wee above features assembled
1160.92
KIM 3 -8091416 RAM co rd plug l01161810 iherboard
1193.00
KIM 4
M4Ih. bomb Ilea es 6 X KIM 31+ power supply
96.00
4.75
4.50
2.15
2.15
171179
717879
AMERICA'S FASTEST SELLING MOST POPULAR 6502

BASED SYSTEM
EASILY EXPANDED
audio cassette Into
1.24
01173
91177
67170
0.33
0.65
0.37
0.37
0.27
0.27
0.33
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.44
741610M
The basic KIM 2 Inc
1.30
1.30
97161
99167
0.17
0.22
0.56
0.55
0.22
0.22
0.20
0.26
0.20
0.36
0.80
0.36
0.36
0.22
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.22
74LS0M
TO USE
2.45
97160
TTL & CMOS
NOT A KIT
1410049
236
181.844
Iplomuplw
volts TTL compatible, line

UART. Modem. char.
Comp video out from encoded keyboard
5
42144
0.12
0.12
14161
p1161
B2!6113
921148
4112
41411
4129
msplay card
all card included
0,15
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054
031
all
5C18215
010
043
043
037
=EVERT
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Callers by appoirrnnent only
78
NOVEMBER 197E
FEATURE
INSIDE
ULTRASONICS
Ultrasonic sound at very high frequencies is being used increasingly for
medical
diagnosis. Dr P. N. T. Wells of Bristol General Hospital reports.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ultrasonic diagnostic methods

-.es in the fundamental differences between them and
other techniques such as radiology and radioisotope
scanning. The symptoms of some diseases, and of

natural conditions such as pregnancy, are best invest,gated by ultrasound, It maps out anatomical cross sections, measures the performance of the heart and the
ow of blood, and identifies many kinds of abnormality,
-eluding several types of cancer, all without encroaching into the body in any way.
Twenty-five years ago, doctors seeking to investigate
-'e structures of the body had no alternative to X-rays
and this often involved injections of substances to give
better contrast to obtain information about soft tissues.
Nowadays, ultrasonic methods have replaced radiology
- helping to solve a number of clinical problems
=-octors depend on ultrasonic diagnosis, and patients
jemand this kind of investigation. The procedures are
-apid and painless and nothing enters the body other
tân ultrasound waves. Unlike ionizing radiations,
_.trasound at diagnostic exposure levels seems to be
-armless.
Clock
r.. 1
Near -side
Stil lftLIrSS
Transmitter
Ultrasonic
probe
i,
Swept gain
generator
Ultrasonrc
beam
Receiver
d-Ijne
Near -side
signals
echo
Display
Far -side
echoes
Vertical
deflection
plate
Time -base
generator
Basic Principles
b"'cst diagnostic applications of ultrasound depend on
-= reflection of ultrasonic waves at surfaces between
-._s-ue struc tures which differ in their so-called charac-
stic imp edance. The chara cteristic impedance of a

is equal to the produ ct of its density and the
'city of ultrasound within it. The densities of soft
sasues, about 103 kg m -3 (kilograms per cubic metre),
and the velocities of ultrasound within them, about
7 500 m s -t (metres per
second). are similar to those for
eater When an ultrasonic wave strikes the boundary
between tissues that differ in characteristic impedance, a
proportion of the energy in the wave is
in much
*e same way that light is reflected reflected
when it meets a
Lange in reflectivity at a surface.
The characteristic impedances of soft tissues
are
>r:lar, so the echoes from their boundaries are very
For example, only about 0.5 per cent of the
aerial
rail
E_ICTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
- NOVEMBER 1978
screen
Cathode-ray
tube
Horizontal
deflection
ectron gun
plate
Fig. 1. Basic arrangement of the A -scope system, in use

in this
instance to show the mid -line structures of the brain in their
relative position halfway between the sides of the skull, as
indicated by symmetry of the deflections of the cathode-ray tube
trace. Asymmetrical spacing of the deflections may mean that
disease has brought about a physical change such as a tumour on
one side of the brain. The swept -gain generator
gradually
increases the receiver amplification over each sweep of the time
base to compensate for the artentuation of the deeper
echoes by
intervening tissues.
energy striking the boundary between kidney and fat is

reflected. However, such echoes are large enough to be
detected by a sensitive receiver, but almost all the
energy crosses the boundary and is available for reflection by deeper structures.
Much larger reflections occur at boundaries between
soft tissues and either bone or gas, because of large
differences in characteristic impedance. These large
reflections restrict the use of ultrasound in medical
diagnosis. Moreover, it is necessary to exclude air from
between the probe and the patient. This may be done
either by examining through a water bath or through a
film of oil smeared on the patient's skin.
Ultrasonic probe
Mover
pea bo
dnve
f)
`J
.
lace o1ate
Ultrasonic
Heart
beam
Brightness
modulated trace
Ulva volet
recording paper
Idling roller
Constant speed paper drive coller
Resolution
Ultrasonic echo -ranging techniques depend on the
measurement of the time interval between the transmission of a brief pulse of energy and the reception of its
echo, just as in radar In any imaging system, whether
using light, ultrasound or any other kind of radiation, the
resolution is limited by the wavelength of the radiation.
It is for this reason that ultrasound, as opposed to sound,
is used in medical diagnosis. We need to visualise
structures of only a few millimetres in size, so that
wavelength has to be around a millimetre or less In soft
tissues, it is about
5 mm at a frequency of
MHz and
p roportionately less at higher frequenc ie s. The highes
a udible frequency, about 20 kHz, has a wavelength of
7 5 mm. In principle, the performante might appea r
li kely to improve as the frequency is ncreased, bu
ultrasound is attenuated as it travels through tissues and
the rate of attenuation also increases with the frequency,
so we have to compromise between better resolution'
and reduced penetration.
1
Fig. 2. Time -position recording system based on the B -scope

display, shown in use for echocardiography. The fibre -optic face
plate of the cathode-ray tube collects enough light to produce

self -developing trace on ultra-violet recording paper.
Pulse -Echo Techniques

ultrasonic instrument for diagnosis, a probe
containing a piezoelectric transducer converts electrical
signal into ultrasound waves for transmission into the
patient. It does the opposite for the echoes.
The simplest type of ultrasonic pulse -echo diagnostic
system is called the A -scope (See Fig. 1). The clock
triggers the transmitter, which feeds a brief pulse with a
large amplitude to the transducer Echoes return to the
probe from those reflecting surfaces inside the patient
that lie along the ultrasonic beam Electrical signals from
the echoes are amplified by the receiver and applied to
the vertical deflection plates of the cathode-ray tube; the
time -base generator, which is triggered into operation by
the clock at the instant the ultrasonic pulse is transmitted
by the probe, is connected to the horizontal deflection
plates to drive the spot on the display at a constant speed
from left to right. In this way the beam sweeping across
the display is deflected vertically at intervals along the
horizontal axis, corresponding in distance from the start
of the sweep, to echo -producing surfaces at various
distances along the ultrasonic beam A special circuit in
the receiver increases the amplification of the deeper
echoes to compensate for theit attentuation by intervening tissues The clock operates at a repetitin rate fast
enough to give a flicker -free trace on the display.
The A -scope has clinical applications in neurology,
ophthalmology and internal medicine. It allows the
In an
80
Fig. 3. Two-dimensional scanner and B -scope display system

studying a foetus. The time -base generators are driven by
electrical outputs from a series of resolvers th at measure the
position of the ultrasonic beam as it moves across the patient.
Horizontal and vertical time -bases combine to deflect the spot in
such a way tha t its movement across the display corresponds to
the movement of the beam. Echoes received as the probe moves
over the patient produce a cross-sectional image in a plane
corresponding to that of the scan. In this example, the image is
built-up on the screen of an electronic storage tube for direct
viewing.
depths of echo -producing surfaces to be measured, and

the characteristics of echoes from within structures to be
studied
Echoes from moving structures, such as the valves of
the heart, oscillate in position along the horizontal axis.
or time base, of the display. In cardiology particularly
patterns of movement can give diagnostic information
They can be studied by making recordings with the aid
of a B -scope display (see Fig. 2).
In the B -scope, the time -base sweep is normally
visible, but it is brightened by returning echoes to
NOVEMBER
978
FEATURE : Ultrasonics
Head al
- twin
Head of
twin 2
Placenta
Abdomen
Abdomen ol twin
of twin
Fig. 4. A two-dimensional scan reveals twins at about 25 weeks

of p regnancy. The placenta on the anterior wall of the uterus is
dea rly defined while the abdomens of the twins, identified in
the explanatory diagram, appear in section.
produce spots of light on the display in places where, on

an A -scope, there would be deflections of the beam. The
positions of the spots of light correspond to echo producing structures in the patient, and the pattern of
their movement can be permanently recorded
Cross -Sectional Images

The B -scope forms the basis of another display method,
:he two-dimensional ultrasonic scanner (see Fig. 3). The
.iltrasonic probe, instead of being held in the hand, is
--counted on a scanner. It can be moved to any position
n a two-dimensional plane In this way it is possible to
arrange for the beam to pass through structures lying in
a chosen plane within the patient, while the position of
_:auonary reflector
'ector moving
-:..ards source
ector moving
from source
these rapid mechanical scanners produce so-called

real-time images, they lack flexibility This difficulty can
be overcome by using ultrasonic probes containing
many separate transducer elements, operated
separately or in groups, which can produce ultrasonic
scans made up of parallel lines or or lines arranged in a
fan shape, at frame rates of tens per second
As well as making it possible to study rapidly moving
structures, real-time scanners can also be used to
explore large volumes of anatomy in a short time. A
doctor using one can examine a patient in about a
quarter of the time it takes with a 'conventional' twodimensional scanner
Doppler Effect
The frequency of an ultrasonic wave reflected from a
stationary structure is equal to that of the incident wave.
If the beam is reflected by a surface which is moving
Wave from
transmitter
Reflected wave,
equal in frequency
to transmitted wave
the probe and the direction of the beam are measured

continuously by 'resolvers' mounted in the scanner The
electrical signals from the resolvers control two time base generators, driving the vertical and horizontal
beam deflection plates of a cathode-ray tube. The
direction and position of the ultrasonic beam across the
patient controls the position of the cathode-ray beam
showing up on the display, related to the positions of the
echo -producing surface.
A cross-sectional image of the surfaces can be built up
photographically by a camera with an open shutter that
records the bright spots on the display while the patient
is being scanned The echo information can also be
stored electronically.
Two-dimensional scanners in which the probe is
moved in contact with the patient produce individual
images in scanning times of about 10 seconds, images
can be produced at a much faster rate by moving the
probe mechanically. Images in rapid succession allow
physiological movements to be studied; their main
importance is in cardiological diagnosis. But although
Tra nsmnte
Receiver
Probe
Wave from
transmitter
Reflected wave,
higher in frequency
than transmitted
wave
Transmit; na
transducer
rT
Receiving
transducer
Rate meter
Wave from
transmitter
Reflected wave,
lower in frequency
than transmitted
wave
Ultrasonic
beams
occurs when wave is reflected from

F. 5. The Doppler effect
giving an upward or downward 'shift' in
a
a moving surface,
kiequency as in (b) and (c).
;CTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
- NOVEMBER 1978
Foetal heart
Record of
foetal heart
rate
'shift' is to monitor the foetal

heart. The echoes usually fall in the range of audible frequencies.
Fig. 6. One use of the Doppler
81
FE ATURE Ultrasonics,
towards the ultrasonic source, the reflected wave is
compressed into a shorter space. This means that the
wavelength is reduced. It shows as an upward 'shift' in
its frequency. Reflection by a surface moving away from
the source gives a downward shift. This phenomenon,
the well-known Doppler effect, conveniently gives shift
frequencies that fall in the audible range when ultrasound is reflected by moving structures in the body such
as heart valves or flowing blood. A simple instrument
based on this makes it possible to detect the movement
of the foetal heart. Similar instruments to measure blood
flow allow peripheral arterial disease to be assessed.
Because Doppler shifted signals are received only
from structures that move, two-dimensional maps of
them can be built up by using a Doppler probe to scan
the patient. In this way the distribution vessels close to
the surface can be studied. Such information may
obviate the need for X-ray angiography. which is a
dangerous and expensive procedure.
It can also be combined with other information about
structure positi on obtained by the pulse-ec ho method,
making it poss ible to map out blood vessel s within the
body and mea sure the rate of blood flow at the
same
time.
The clinical value of ultrasonic techniques has
already
been proved, but their spread into general,
everyday
service will depend on the development of instruments
that are simple to use. These, paradoxically. may be
more complicated than the ones we already have. It
will
also mean training doctors and technicians to obtain
and
interpret results. But it is clear that ultrasonic diagnosis
is, in many instances, the best and most
economical way
of getting the information essential to proper care of the
patient.
Eli
SINCLAIR PRODUCTS'
M,croo,awn Tv 3200. PUM35 027.26, mom.

adeprr 33.24, case 33.21. 30k, probe 31S.911.
0M235 47.6. Raceme:eel. batten, unes C7.N.
Adapter ;charmer 02.70. Cao CS.SO. 30kv probe
316.05. amb,oge plop cabd.lor 313.15, wag
ibrary
32.55. man, adaptor 33.20. Ennerpnse
aroetenn
ebee
calculate.
2026.
BATTERY ELIMINATORS
3-wep
medre with toddled outpu, and A way

3/415,6V 100m. 32.61, 6, 7K:9v
m.11ryack
300me 32.75, 100tee hale .edele urne areas a

PVp battery with prou Mud emeen. 9V
3225,
64 32.11, PAY
110+9V 34.0, 64+6V
Kill,
4.50,
4rnV+/1,24 14.60, mime. recarder

maim md. 7$5V 1000. wee 5 pen de, Mud
221.
S-DECS AND T-DECS'

S
-Dec 3.39, T-DeC 4.44, P -DeCA 4.52, P -DeCB

6-73, 16 dit or 10T05 adaptors with sockets
cemmea. 17V dc mall. output 9V 300me

31.50, output 7%V 300e.. 41.50. guipai 2,4%!
6 1a:9 17V
800mo 13.50.
E2.14.
CONTINENTAL SPECIALITIES
PRODUCTS'
EXP300 6.21. EXP350 3.40. EXP600 6.80.

EXP650 3.89. EXP40 E2.48. PB6 9.94. PB100
12.74. LM
30.99.
LP1
33.48.
LP 2
19.44.
TV GAMES
sa e for free data New. reelng car tv games

chip Y.3.8603 plus economy to t 20.60, Tank
battle rhp AV -3-8710 plus ec000 my kit
stunt mole, cycle clop AY -38760. plus 13.95,
economy
kn E1 2.66, 10 imam edQle 2 che. AV
-3-6600 plus
econo mr kit 312.10, eV-3-8500e ip plus
economy
kn E8 .16, madded shoot Mil
Ma All
colour generator ki 47.50. Attractively 34.65.
cased
assembled tv games Stunt cycle 26.61. fek war
game 39.95, 4 ga me models (tennl. football
squash and pelota) bi Oct and whoa 311.65,
Caber
Send
U.N.
BATTERY ELIMINATOR KITS

Send tee lu,
hoe leaflet on range. 100swa
reds
types we press mud cannecmn 4,4V C1.10, 5V

41.60. 9V 01.80, 4%.4 450 32.60, 6.-64 32.60.
9+9V (2.50.
tape 714V 100ma men dm
Mug 1.00. be.ep'duty 13 wwee.e tame 4Y,. 6, 7
815, I1, 13. 1417, 21, 25/26,34. 42V
Amp
cala
(1.95, 2 Amp (7.25.3 eke. .eNteed S-w

tame tot lord nun 37455.6, 71e/9 n 2 15: 19V
1
100ma 03.20, 1 Amp 30.40. VrrIlSI. Item

etabMeed model. 2.18V 100e. 33.60, 2 30V IA
38.55. 2 30V 2A [16.11. Car cememare I2v dc
meut output 9, 7h, 50 I A lmbiu/10 41.06.
E14.50.
MAINS TRANSFORMERS
605V
1(%n. 71p. 1.5a 02.31. 6 3V 1$5 a 1.89,

943 6V 75,14711p, le 31.M, :eh 32.80. 1
2-0-12V
500. 70p, 100114 Pep. 1s C2
130 /ze 95p,
16.01SV
let
V.
32.7*, 30.030V la C3.11.
JC12,
JC20
AMPLIFIERS
A
AND
JC40
range el mlegra1N circuit aud,ee mpldiers supplied

with fre e deli. end pined circuit s. JC12 6 watts
1.60. JC20 10 svelte 3.61. JC40 20 watts
3.95. Send a a e for tree data on our range of
matchun o now.. and plump kn.
FERRANTI
ZN414
IC
radio chip 1.05.
3.85, case Cl. Send
Extra parts and pch tor radio

s a.e. for free data
PRINTED CIRCUIT
MATERIALS
PC etcn,no .,r. economy

1.70, standard E3.82,
50 so me pct. 40p. 116 eeCl 1.05,
etch resist pens
economy 46p, eeo 73p.
all drill bits /32 ins or
Imm top mach edrung lot h 88p,
lemmata cutter
750.
1
BI-PAK AUDIO MODULES

Sane tae for dora 5450 rune, 323.11.
ALSO
4.50. PA100 016.71. SPM80 34.47. BMT80

35.41 Mee 336.74, Seise 30 320.12.
BULK BUY OFFERS

Moomum
1
>acne. 63 Any mi. from Mn aectran

N41481.3p. 11440023....212 80. 7418411
11E 556 Sail 210. 723 14.14 43p. AC
7502311
160.
Caen eouiv el 5117602311
will
,mproyed
hot rivi
74p. Mollie Mal et popular eoMlsture 8[109

4.4p. 8CY71 4.7p, 9CV22 4.4p. Fame 20mm C
Sr,. carved* 25 6 I 2.
Mere eiNMew
Ice 0.7p 1n1 90 9i. type 7.49.3heard.,.
516 612
'0 ohm to 1OId 'AVy 0.0p. 1W 1.1p. PSY.rr
cep.Mmt. 250V 01 022 033. 047m 2.7p,
015m1 1.Ip, 068m1 1.4p, 0 Imi 1.60. 0 22m?
3p, 0 33ml 2.5p. 0.47ml
P.lymyreue
cepaMr. 012 63V 15 10 8200p 2V,p.
Comet
epeeera 50V E12 27pr te 1000(1 I -7p. 65
15oop1 to 33000p1 1.7p, 4200071 2p. !be.
aelyae 10V. 47
251 5p. 750 5ml Sp, 1001
4p. 160 2201 59, 32, 47 IflOml Ip. 220 330ml
3p. 470m l 1p. 1000nd 12p. Zenon 400m W
621
207 to 33V 4.1p. P,.... pee wb.mmioum 0 1W
none or eon 100 to 4M 78.1p. etemPen cara %W
lip.
407 to 2142 lop
orli,
single 24p. duel 78p.
S WANLEY
EL Swenley, Kent
DUFT. CTI, 32 Ool4r1 Reed ECTRONICS
,
Meer add app or the meal post M order for postage. PricesBOO 8EZ
include VAT Overseas customers
de dati 7% an Items marled' and I I a On
others. Official credit orders
Mail order only
welcome.
THE WORLD'S MOST ADVANCED

MICROPROCESSOR VIDEO GAME
DIRECT FROM THE USA
THE ATARI' VIDEO

COMPUTER SYSTEM
- READY BUILT CARTRIDGE SYSTEM

EX -STOCK
Just look at a few of the numerous games
available to you in multi -colour (on colour
TV's) with realistic sound effects.
This Video Computer System based on Signetics 2550)
is
available complete with the 27 game Combat Cartridge,
multifunction joysticks, mains adaptor and aerial switching
unit, Fully guaranteed for
691
149.00
12 months.
(inc. VAT)
At present there are 9 cartridges available a total of 192
games
plus many more on the way.
Price per cartridge)
13.95
_4(inc. VAT)
4rmt
Securicor delivery available

Add 4.00.
Please make cheques and po stat orders payable

Buy it with Access
Discoui
CoMhJi IIInG
82
to
DISC OUNT COMPUTING , or phone your order

quoti ng BARCLAYCARD or ACCESS number,
14 STATION ROAD NEW BARNET HERTS.

TEL: 01-441 2922/01-449 6596
CLOSE TO NEW BARNET BR STATION
MOORGATE LINE
OPEN
10 a.m. to 7 p.m.
Monday to Saturday
-
- NOVEMBER 1978
Mullard
EASY BUILD SPEAKER DIY KITS

Specially designed by RT -VC for costconscious hi -ti enthusiasts, these kits
incorporate two leak -simulate enclosures
8" lapproe) woofers, two
two EMI 13"
tweeters and a pair of matching crossovers
Supplied complete with an easy to follow
circuit diagram, and crossover components
It's the units which

x 8" lappro;
Size 13-
AUDIO MODULES IN
BARGAIN PACKS
illustrated
we supply with the enclosures

wooler (EMI) 2i' app
[1 700
per
tweeter, and matching crossover components

stereo pair
Power handling 15 wafts rms, 30 watts peak + p & p [3 40
CURRENT CATALOGUE
PRICE
BUILT AND READY TO PLAY
AT OVER
SPEAKERS Two models Duo Ilb, teak veneer. 12 watts

rms. 24 watts peak. 18}" x 13{" x ]}" lapproe
Duo III. 20 watts ems. 40 watts peak, 27" x 13" x 11}" eppr
Duo 1i1
PAIR
Duollb E11 p&pf650
PER PACK
p&p
E54:
SEE OUR PRICES
`-
PACK
2 x LP1173 10w RMS output power audio
amp modules, +
LPt t 82/2 Stereo pre amp for
ceramic and auxiliary input.
1
MTK MAAEAS
EASY TO BUILD
taon o0
SJ.ak
IIIus.
2
ms aurae
Munoz
ircbbnp
reread;
p&p
PCE
p+p1RI00
+l
L 7.45
OUR PRICE
p+p
f 19.95
aplar sxk.l
SPMERICAI HIP! ap.aken
OUR
PACK 2 2 x LP1173 10w RMS output power audio

amp modules
LP1184/2 Stereo pre amp for
magnetic, ceramic and auxiliary inputs
RECORD tu,Ile0+nm.ntnouaunnamtpm,iataeud.np,c.
module 60m0
PLAYER wmpnlng r.edY enameled acme wno
cu.
d.wca pie-cut artl lumber
au\elmawlel aura
KIT
rae.ml Were0agm a wans e.r rapxlN.
dollng
f 4.95
l.00
p+p
Room Controls Vol On/011 Bass Treble Balance

Posh Batons for Gram, Tape VHF MW LW and 5 button rosary
VOLT MAINS TRANSFORMER,
21/2
we
plinth with
.ID 5 lunchan men's digital watch

mless steel finish
aimless
LCD 5
function men's digital watch
caserless steel finish
if.
-0
Function CHRONOGRAPH men's digital

watch, stainless steel finish
8
1110M
f1.00
Whitton Varicap tuning pots,
SON
a for
ECCA OC 1000 Stereo Cassette P
/1.50
C B
f 2.95
switch oscillator coils and
rkeads
t1ECCA 20e Stereo speaker lot comprising
2 6- mums bass units +2 31" egos
f 14.95
Tunes
12.95
/13.95
OUASTER
',Wert
tnies1
mwsette
recorder
1epe
'%PE TRANSPORT Mechanism
-a selection
meeu horn
IMUTAL CLOCK RADIO Mains operated

RADIO/CASSETTE RECORDER. MW,
Imes VHF 6 watts output Battery mains operation
PO
itTADLE
la
RADIO/CASSETTE RECORDER,
WW. SW, VHF mains/battery operation
, ri 4,1
133/4" x 51/4"
20 x 20 WATT STEREO AMPLIFIER

Viscount IV unit in teak finished cabinet Silver fascia
p&p 2 50
with aluminium rotary controls and pushbuttons, red
mains indicator and stereo jack socket Function
switch for mic magnetic and crystal pick-ups, tape, tuner, and auxiliary
Rear panel leatures two mains outlets DIN speaker and input sockets,
plus fuse 20 + 20 watts rms 40+40 watts peak
30 WATT AMPLIFIER KIT
For the experienced constructor complete in every detail
Similar facilities as Viscount IV amplifier 60+60 peak
30
f29.00
p8p (7.50
SPECIAL OFFER: PACKAGE PRICE WITH 3000 KIT

Mk II version operates into 4 to 15 ohms speakers Specially designed by
RT VC for the experienced constructor, complete in every detail Same
facilities as Viscount IV amplifier 60+60 peak supplied with 2 GOOD MANS COMPACT 12" Bass woofers with cropped sides 14,000 Gauss
magnet. 30 watts rms handling + 31/4" approx
p&p 4
tweeters and crossovers.
00f 49.00
NOW AVAILABLE fully built and tested Output

p&p 2
30+30 watts rms. 60+60 peak.
50E39.00
75.00
AM/FM with clock.
41.95
EEC-RONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
63"
50 watts rms 100 watts peak output Big features include two disc
inputs, both for ceramic cartridges, tape input and microphone input
Level mixing controls fitted with integral push-pull switches Independent
bass and treble controls and master volume
SPECIAL OFFER The above 50 watt amp plus 4 GoodmansType 8P 8"
speakers Package price (45 00 + f4 00 P&P
L 100 WAIT
MONO DISCO AMII
Sue applpa
14- . 4- . 10184 uohed aluminum
laqua and ratan Cr
70
five rertnaf slide oc

tape level m c level deck level PLUS INTER DECK FADER
for pert ecr graduated change from record deck No
to
10 watt
E57
No 2. or vice versa Pre fade level control
140
wan
peak
(PFL) lets YOU hear next disc before fading
&
p [4.00
p
it in- VU meter monitors output level.
100 watt E65
Output 100 watts RMS 200 watts peak.
1
BOS 95 TYPE Belt drive chassis turntable
ADD-ON STEREO CASSETTE TAPE DECK KIT

Designed for the experienced 0.1 Y. man. This
kit comprises of a rape transport mechanism,
ready built and tested record replay
electronics with twin V U meters and
level control for mating with mechanism
Specificelions: Sensitivity - Mic
0 85 mV a 20K OHMS: Din 40mV
1KHz
400K OHMS Output - 300mV RMS per channel
from 2K OHMS source. Cross Talk - -30dh Tap Counter 6db
40Hz
-8KHz
3 Digit- Resettable: Frequency Response Deck Motor - 9 Volt DC with electronic speed regulations
Key Functions - Record, Rewind,
995
p & o E2 50
Fast Forward. Play, Stop & Elect.
Opt. extras. Mains transformer to suite 2.50 + E1 p & p.
less cartridge
323 EDGWARE
record player less cartridge.
1111.ARTRIROEt to suit above

.eor.imapMli[dul.a
21E HIGH STREET, ACTON W3 6NG
All items subject to availability. Price correct

at 1.10.78 and subject to chance without notice.
- NOVEMBER 1978
f24.95
f 15.95
r2
55
&
f4.95
BSA autocratic record player deck cueing device

f2.55 p & p
and stereo ceramic head.
GARRARD DECK CC1OA. Record changer with cue and stereo
ceramic cartridge. Size 12" x 8y' approx. (2.00 p & p
f9.95
f7.95
PERSONAL SHOPPERS
GARRARD 86SB Deck
f24.95
GAARARO35s8 Deck
24.95
GARRARD SP25 MKIV Deck

with Shure
head.
26.95
PORTABLE DISCO CONSOLE
ROAD, LONDON W2
ALL PRICES INCLUDE VAT AT 12'/i%
E2 55 p & p
BSR MP60 TYPE Single play
Order by giving
credit card
number ONLY
18.95
f10.95
LW, SW and
P&P 2 50
O (_9
20.00
L
Inc crossovers
1tEEIWASTER Super Scare TV Game

ewer Astor mans operation
rte.
f 13.95
f 5.95
WILIARD Built power supply
emote
f 5.95
f 7.95
f1.00
IMSIC CENTRE CABINET with hinged smoke

aee4c top, finished in natural teak veneers,
mom 304" s 14'1" x11/4" approx
m.le1e with
/2.50
f3.50
(24.95
Mains power supply for above unit

LBITEK Monitor loudspeaker cabinet
see approx 431/4" x 151/2" a 151/4"
pt
(29.95
Size approx
29.90
/13.95
,25 Wert Power Amp Module
.-
F'}
L 1 1.95
.7
sea cartridge reedy wired.
50 WATT MONO
DISCO AMP
VALUE FOR PERSONAL S HOPPERS

BSR Record auto deck on
95p
P+P50P
TRADE ENQUIRIES INVITED
lie 16
.7J
f9.95
OUR PRICE
P&P(250
VOLUME and BALANCE
Ready built Designed in aslim l orm for compact modern installation
p
L
1.00p+p
Recommended set of
rotary stereo controls
comprising BASS, TREBLE,
AM/FM
AM/FM STEREO TUNER AMPLIFIER CHASSIS COMPLETE
Suitable power supply parts including

mains transformer, rectifier, smoothing
and output capacitors
x LP1179/2 FMTuning headwith AM gang, t e LP1165/

IF module, 2 e LP1173/10w RMS output power audio
amp modules + LP1182/2 Stereo pre amp for ceramic
and auxiliary input
PACK 3
(405
selection switch
Power Supply Selenium Bridge -35V OC from 210 250V AC 50Hz
input
Aerial Fertile 8" c'/e" built into chassis lot LW and MW plus flying
lead for FM aerial
Power Owen 5 watts per channel Sine at 2% THO into 15 Ohm
7 watts speech and music
Tye Sensitivity Playback 400mV/30K OHM for max output Record
200mV/50K output available from 25KHz 1150mV/100K1 devlahon
1dB
FM signal Frequienoy Range (Audio) 50Hz lo 17 KHz within
Rdio FM sensitivity for 3dB below limiting better than 10 uV
AM sensnrvity for 20 dB S/N MW 350 uV/Metre LW mV/Metre
4
Sae appma length 16" a height 23" a depth 48"
ACCESSORIES
leilll
buill-in
re-amp
terms mere
Here's the big -value portable disco crosole

horn RT -VC! b textures a petrel BSR MP 80
typa auto -return, single play prnless.oeal
controls
te azures
decks Plus ae
le
lit
led it, pre 4W bas arto p.dam.ncas

Seger Camara mio ami manna surf of
ululai molded
o 8 0 (6 50
raw
64.00
83
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IC TEST CLIPS, cl rp over lC while still soldered to pcb

Of In wekel Gold PI Mad pins, ideal for experimenters or
senne engineers 2 E an OR Cl. 75, 40 pin DILE200
Or ove by tuvng enact each la F3 50
fllitiM4Mbllg
MAENS
TVPFI1%360
input. 15V et 30OmA output Ct SO each
MAIRETilANEFORMEIEC, type 411:100,
220 I TO 20. OV rnpui, ASV al 30mA output
2413V
- ADD
CALLERS WELCOME BY APPOINTMENT ONLY
MIXED COMPONENT PACES. Conummq u ,ugfl
^^^"
spend le. Sop each
'- ----ex
dia
3/e
deep
ALL BELOW
cap/ meow. etwlches. pole_ etc All new, and hundred*

of n.mt 02,00 per peck +SIe &bate 'ni
IC AUDIO AMP ICE. Output 3 wane ell,

speaker 120 OC supply siaaapp
5'6" a
.,
ohm
li'gn
I'S'r x
/16
squar s 3101501,
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VIDICON SCAN COILS (Transistor type, but no date)
so mietetee with vid
yid nn base
co
50 earn Brand new
AEI CSIDB/R
CS10R R MIC ROW4VE DIODES up to
%- Band
max noise ligure B.509 41 9 3756110 800
h
DUAL T01R HEATSIN KS
with
GLASS READ FEEDtHROUGH INSULATORS. weer rr

nut. overall S. Smut pack of apprize 501er 50o
LARGE GLASS BEAD FEEDTHROUGH INSULATORS
as ,pan but Oren. de pack of appear 50 for 70p
20V RELAYS PCB mown.' type Rngte pore
change
over 350 each
.1.25 10 7MHz
SSB %TAL FILL ERS 12 ASH, Sandwl dlh) Low
1,75
imp
type, C enter and unw anted ud.Wnd rejection
2,10
m n -40d peed 10 698 3561070185
xlals for
2,45
c -. app..
LBB LSO NOT SUem
'ax.
X 1
X
E3.10
1
F1000 each
3.50 LOW PASS FILTERS
(low imp ty
2-9MHz, small
4.47
e.Pmr encapsulate',
Xa.0 dr t)
4,25
75p each
er
DI E -CAST SORES
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4 3
48
4
68
4.8
6.8
2 3
x 2 3
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x15
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x 2
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x 3
x 4 8
11 a
60. 3omw'
(121 601 38mm (

(121 x 95e 25mm1
(121x 90 SImml
(171x
Irving
x3 1121x95x76mml
x4 (171x 121 x 101 m m)
86 a58 x2 (222a146x51mm)
106
x68 x2 (273x171x51mm)
THE NEW EAGLE INT
ZONAL CATALOGUE
IS AVAILABLE ON REQUEST eonummg Arid u
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SPIRALUX loan rot Elenrene% en rhuue l
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Min, Spi AIR SPACE TRIMMERS, approx 14
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5l 16 4 for 50p
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RED Leas (Min type)
rl
make
POST PAID (UK ONLY). SAE WITH ENQUIRIES
8 % VAT
1"
WIHI,nlayal heatemt complete with
-to
min
50 N CAD 200 each
each
CHARGER CONVERTER PCB. 1Lo w power
:evened Sue avenue 4" x 1 N' x1 -high 12VDC
SLOW-MOTION MOTORS, 120V 50Hz 1RPM Sue
supply 60V DC output throng h pot on pub for
approx 2 dia 11/2 deep, with Te spindle, 60p each,
charging Needs etc Ildeel loi charging portable
or 2 for 111 00
barren@, from mobile' supply) very need. One
V DC MOTORS (Ideal for model makers quite
11/2V
50550 r 51 53 o stmultrt nanhInoi when can be
gewerful), 50p each
mounted erect on the p. b vin an board Idle d with a
SUB -MINIATURE ROTARY SWITCHES, 4 x 5-way
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0
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SAF to
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ADD 121/z%
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âctive type
when pressed cognac Is go from 0rCto approx 25
4MHz STAI PACKS (10 esscrled ahne between 4MHr
ohm. Swnctemonly no en roder. Sire a pprox. 3 x
CELESTION 8 X 5 ELIPTICAL SPEAKERS 20 abet
and 5MHr1. Our
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3
with large wore touch plates 0.9 F Clear, A R. SOLDE R SUCKERSRete.i3On
3 watts rated 111 50 each + 121/256 VAT.
/Prom., Tvne,
ans spare. Few only, K2 00 while slockst
VARICAP TUNERS Mullard type. ELC1043/05.
Standard Model. 5 50
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Skirted Model 6 00
BSR AUTOCHANGE RECORS PI AVER COCCO
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dove* 33-45-78 tom for
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WELLER WP6O0 Mains operated temperaluee control
10
BFY51 Trrtelwon 4 for 60P
idled wnh SC 12M Stereo Ceremlc cermdge and alvll
lolderog Iron 41500
BC., 72 Trensnrols d for SOp
Brand newt rid n0
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SPARE TIPS the WW001 Two types :fiable TYPE
BS%2O NHF e.t: mull I. 31or 500
GARRARD AUTOCHANGE RECORD PLAYER DECKS
CCT LW8001 Sanded TYPE 447(W6001 Fee, up
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Model 6 300, wen cue deuce, 3345 78 rpm for
Cl 60 each
BC108 (metal can/ 4 for Sop
7
10
12 rewords Fined was 69416 Stereo
WELLER TCP2 Nmpemlure controlled .nldonng don
PIC 1081plasec SCI081. S for 50p.
Cenme saldge Ana l.11 Stand new. 5.1s 00 r
and PU213 paver und Refixes Welter TCP I I Iron
SPIS? (UHF amp. nosedl. 3 im 50p
12Kw VAT
PEU r.30 00 Spare bos CC] Mandndi or K 7 timer
2N3815 Eel ale' 5Dp.
TV LANE LINEARITY COILS Soee.S offer 10 for C1 00
opi Tl SO etch
OCT 48 NON SILICON, 4Ica 50p
he SCAN COILS B "W. re hi 110 degree tubes.
511dnt Swnciwe 2 pals make ana beak
her can be used
PNP SILICON. 4f,tu S o3p5
TV Plugs
as I pole cnr,gaayer by Im4lerg the
type/ 4 Par 500
Net/centre RIn/. 3 ern Din (mewl
Plugs, 4 for 500
Arm 50p
0100
Dm 3 -an Une socket. 15p each
SCR54O0Va13A stud pipe. 2 Tor f100.
0 Speak Ski 2 -pin 41a 30p
11P3955 Some PNP
efOlslp. 60V el 15* 90 PLASTIC PROJECT BORES. with sees on has Ill. DubiIIOI Eloctrelynes. 5015E 450V 2 for SOP
Waiti. FIN pack typee 2 Mr V SO
black ASSI weih brass irren*
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Type N511 Apra. 3 x 2l, x
GERMANIUM DIODES appro. 30o. 30p
Plessey Electrolytes 470e f 53V 31or Soo
45p neck
104 148 11 09141 modes 10 Mt 35p
Type NB? appro 31A n 21/4 x I II 55p
TCC Elecualw.cs 'Woof 30V. 3 for 60p
ype 11O3 approx a'A x.A
X 11/2 65p each
Uubilier Electrolyhcs 5000p F 35V. 50p each
VALVES
bps nOH appro* 855
x 514
DubClef Electrolytes. 5000% F 50V 60p
81/2 x
51/2 x
x 354
60p each
334 Ft 50 each
each
0.0.V03, 20A (ex equipment). E3 00
r 25V high grade, screw
Slide r SWltrhel 2 pale make and br
)or can be used ITT EtechoMUs. S800a
OQV03i10fee equipment) 75por2 for E7 20
1 Pole Olande
le.miners we maunbng clips 6 Op each.
-over by 'Inking t he wo centre pins). 8e$1
68H6 (ex. equipmem). 2 for 50p
Ober PAS appro. 300 piece,
or 50p
All the above valves are untested, except for heaters OSM OR 100 REED RELAY COILS (1k Bin
mood Values. OW? selecwon 41 00 seen y
o
col) to hi
and no guarantee of percentage of emission is given
14
reeds woe wo phedl. 2 for 50p
Sorry, no returns
HF C HONES wound an r,
X I
long
tes, 4 far
MULLARD 85A2 85V STABILISER VALVES (brand
90
A RANGE OF CAPACITORS AVAILABLE AT
newt 70p each or 2for 1 20.
VHF CHOKES wound on 5 -hole
rubular ferries u5 lot
1
LARGE ELECTROLVTI C PACKS. Contain range of

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Er
r6001(
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Aluedniam epees emit Lid.
4810
5ere4,r
tlr
rl 2g Km
6,4. r
AB13
41114
8.6.?
AB15
4815
4617
4815
pC55065G5pJAmpet4Oe
*1 7
E3.SG
El 25
6,4.
l''
VIne Coated In.Inln.ent Came
Blu. Tops with Plein Lower Sseione

very smart finish
W81
WB2
WB3
WB4
5x216x21/4
6x4Yzc756
Wes
11K
Typ.-
76p
c135
Bx562
9x5
wes
WB7.
12x
8x5
E1.80
2.00
2
2
2
2
11x
WBB53
..
25
50
85
25
. 'it
r
rnn.ca awe run
Buy direct rom t e importers

and get more scope for your money
LIST.
LISTEN TO THE SECRET

WORLD OF PLANTS
KRAMER & CO'

4.. Oscilloscope for under 100
(as
nt
As featured on Horizon, Nationwide, Radio and

Worldwide Press
FIRST TIME IN THE U.K. IN KIT FORM, THE

REVOLUTIONARY CONCEPT OF A BIOLOGICAL
AMPLIFIER AND SOUND SYNTHESISER IN ONE
UNIT, THE AMAZING
recommended by ETI)
Bo Activity
:le
'-1114
Translator
*
*
*
Experience the unique musical form

of plants
Hear the beautiful patterns of sound
created by their natural response
Compare house plants reactions to
people
with the distinct tunes of
those outside
Easy to operate, internal speaker and
batteries
*
Anwlro Translator
SPECIFICATIONS
ELECTRICAL DATA
VERTICAL AXIS SYl. Deflecnnn
- -
nn,.t V/ division Bandwidth

Ibetwee n 20h
- - VO 1st
DC
5M112 Input Mener**
tealrtrrated)
slop 0 1, 0.2, 0 5, 1, 2, 5, 10. 20 50 ds Mpu Impedance
- 1 Meg 40 0 en ahunt Input
Voltage
Max
600V P.P
HORUONTAL AXIS 01 Deilecpon Senpiwey
-400mV/division
Bandwidth
Amcor
(b
3 dB
He 350KHs Gran Control
Commuters when e me bases in EXT position Input Imp.der.a points
rmart Voltage
Meg
Mea
600V P P
-9
-
-0
TIME BASE Sweep Range

Iahb/eep
OThesec, d,v ro 1e sec me on Swept
FINE Coned
between
bmNMM cahbgjmn PoWon Nanking
inter nal
on all rengis
SYNCHRONISATION
steps -10010400
Internet exhume, Synrhrnnhalion Level Serene',
atm
Cin-
Ygen0
Comm..
- -
printing
CashCa
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riz
with order
991+
E7
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Test leads evadable E2
and
00
08 carriage Total 11109)

Oscilloscope Offer, Kramer & Co. 9 October Place,
Holders Hill Road
London NW 4 16J
Tea
112
01.203 2473. T
elex
Ann Kramer K7 Unrveretry, School Company
ron eccepInd by hale x and 888941telephone Callers by appointment
only
84
The naturally generated bio electrical

poten rial across a plant leaf Is picked up
by 2 carbon loam electrodes When
ampli lied and filtered. a VCO, VCA and
other ingenious synthesiser circuits are
- Ver
OWES SUPPLY Input voltage -115/220V AC+10% at

50160Hz Power Dissi pa bon
18W
ITT DATA
flat face single beam.
4
Maximum high voltage
1.5kV
Fitted wdh 8x10
di mon blue Idler graticule
PHYSICAL DATA Dimensions- 15cm (h)x 20 5cm (w)x
28cm (d) Weight -43Kg (approx ( Stand
2 posmon flat and inclined Case
Steel. epoxy enamelled Front Panel
Aluminium.
P
411
and Govemmem
The Kt, includes 6 C 's. 2 Transistors al high

quality components, tinned and
drilled fibreglass p c b loudspeaker a nd
comprehensive assembly instrucfions. Also Included is a free case read y punched,
with wooden end cheeks
and stick -on silk-screened front panel for a really
professional finish. Runs on 2
41/2.volt hattenes (not supplied),
I
SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY OFFER INCLUDES FREE CASE

KIT 19.90 ASSEMBLED AND TESTED 27.50
;
Pty p
Allow 21 days for delivery. Sen d Cheque or postal order to
(Mad Order
JEREMY LORD S YNTHESISERS (DEPT. ETI)
7 LONDON
on.
,LILE, LONDON, W.4
- NOVEMBER 1978
NEWS'
audiophi 1
.............................
woeful tale of the pre -amp to make you red in the face this month. Crimsons CPR1
considered by Ron Harris who recovered enough to visit Sony's launching of sixty
new models!
A
MEANWHILE back at the Crimson pre -amp, shall begin

this month by finishing what began last, and furnishing
details of the CPR1 module. To begin with, quoting
specs would be largely superfluous in this context, but as
know there are some of you out there high on numbers,
try these for size:
I
Crimson make out a very good case in their design notes

for doing things their way, but nonetheless there are a
few things would like to disagree with.
Firstly they feed straight into the volume control with
auxiliary inputs via the selector switch. This presents the
equipment driving into the amp with a varying load, and
would personally prefer to see a high impedence buffer
in there, with a lower sensitivity, than the 70 mV now
prevailing, and a higher input impedance. A small point
perhaps, but under music conditions a constant load is
to be preferred feel
I
mag
3.4 mV RMS (1 kHz)
70 mV RMS kHz all others
SENSITIVITY
for 770 mV RMS output

SIGNAL/NOISE:
-70dB
unweighted 10kHz bandwidth
mag
-86dB unweighted
10kHz bandwidth
others
-80dB
20 Hz -20 kHz
008% any level below clipping
CROSSTALK
-H D:
There are pages of figures in the leaflets Crimson

ssue for free, so if you've at all interested get after one of
-ôse. The nice thing about these specs is their com=eteness
nothing hidden away here in shrouds of
-viality All the parameters are given as test results
_-der very precise conditions. could find no reason to
ague with any of them and as I'm usually mean and
-arty about such things Crimson should take that as
:raise indeed
=_.ver requirements are simply 15-0-15 at under

DOmA, and mine measured in the region of 40mA per
-rannel while in full flow. Crimson naturally produce a

xu for this, and it is termed not unreasonably REG1
The pre -amp arrives as an assembled PCB with set of
gccl,cation notes, and as such cannot be considered a kit
2.. any but the most stretched imagination Not for the
tec nner this, as a fair bit of experience comes in most
'randy
although the notes are very good (but poorly
;iimrsuced) and if you're feeling brave by all means get
not too loud
'c .rx in
shan't say 'I told you'
-.way
.fter a few minutes fussing around with pen and
,fie- decided to house pre -amp and PSU in separate
A.:S
with appropriate nod in direction of Meridian
-eason of neatness and hum foiling. Let me say now
thra- These circuits are good enough to merit such
on
-.s there are no tone controls, metalwork is simplified
clad to say, and for a basic system should be very
ndeed
E-RONICS
Back To Wires
Anyway to return to the point the CPR1 auditioned very
well indeed Mind you our first sample gave me a hard
time for a while It kept doing things it couldn't do and
doing them when least expected it After a few bottles
of Vallium and several hair pulling sessions with Crimson
we discovered I'd been given a non -production board. A
quick GPO job and we're back in business Sanity is
I
building Up To It
Secondly the magnetic input is 'fairly' standard

although better than most would differ from Crimson
philosophy enough to prefer the idea of buf fering the
cartridge input at a con stant value, say 47k//2 OOp with
unity gain in the first stage, picking up equalis ation over
two further stages both run at lower gain than usual
This configuration results in a cleaner sound with better
transient performance providing the capacitance of each
stage is carefully designed for
I'm offering up these ideas for perusal, not criticising
Crimson in particular, its just that the Crimson approach
encourages you to drag out your personal theories and
give 'em a good airing. I'd be very interested to hear
from any of you out there with your ideas on how audio
design should be done
we'll print the best we get.
TODAY INTERNATIONAL
- NOVEMBER 1978
saved
I
still don't know what the odd sample was up to

further that way lies
and don't intend to to find out any
madness
suspect Crimson save that board to
assassinate reviewers in the most fiendish way possible

Who'd believe it was murder?
The production model has never given the slightest
problem and has behaved impeccably throughout. I
compliment Crimson on the attentive way they panicked
along with me over the rogue PCB, several poor unsuspecting boards now on soak test because of my nervous
breakdown.
Inputting Pickups
To use this input, you add
a passive network to the input

to optimise loading for the particular device in use
Crimson themselves recommend adding several net-
works and switches to increase flexibility

don't
Switches at this signal level are a menace
if you don t
believe me, see Stan Curtis's article elsewhere in this
EE
issue. Leave out the switches and hardware for your

choice of pickup
how often do you change anyway?
With the switches added a thickening of detail occurs,
and transients don't transient nearly as well.
Other inputs are straightforward, although perhaps a
little low on input impedance. Noise and hum were
commendably low on all inputs, and the separate boxes
earn their worth on first power -up. The ten second
switch -on blank period to eliminate 'clunks' is a great
idea, although on both my samples the delay was so
long almost had time to go make a cup of tea before
power came through.
It can be most detrimental to confidence to be left
standing there soldering iron still smoking, poised, over
the completed unit hand on power switch counting off
seconds wond ering why the b.
hell it hasn't come
on yet. Smiles fade rapidly like that
...y
Listen In
input the Crimson CPR 1 produced a very
nice sound indeed, of very high quality with good detail
and fair extension into the bass registers. On a quick A -B
with a very highly priced integrated amp the CPR1
surprised me by showing itself clearly superior! OK
On magnetic
Outlook: Warm and Sony
Sony have gone berserk. Only gone and scrapped

practically their entire hi-fi range they have and launched
no less than 60 new models if you please. Its enough to
give leaflet collectors a heart attack. There is some very
clever gadgetry in amongst the flock, and scattered here
before you are some of the gems.
The TA -E88 looks very, very interesting indeed,
representing as it does the state-of-the-art for Japanese
pre -amp design. I'm at present still on my knees to Sony
(and my trousers are wearing out fast) to get a closer look
so hopefully more details on that one later (Please Mr
Sony?
...
Sir?).
T he G1 a nd G7 spe akers cam e as a surprise too,

they 're bette r than any oriental o ffering previously to
assa it my ea r drums, a nd are ca pable of giving any
corn petitor a good run fo r its cones
They have divided up

super -fi franc hise. This
best dealers c an sell the
division looks to be a bit
wheel out the heavies.

wiseguy
Now my personal idol amongst pre -amps is the
Lecson AC1 which feel has never been approached for
quality of reproduction, at any price As such it makes an
excellent reference against which to judge lesser
machines. However not everyone agrees, and a champion of the Naim offered up his favourite to give the
011111111
Crimson a run.
You can see from the opposition how seriously the
CPR1 managed to get itself taken. Against the Lecson it
was frankly outclassed. The AC1 had better depth, and
better bass control. Treble came out smoother from the
Lecson showing up the Crimson as slightly hard in this
register. Mind you the Lecson costs nearly ten times as
much and the Crimson gave a very good account of
itself.
Comparing it with the Naim unit nearly lost me a
friend. preferred the CPR1 There was not much in it
mind you, and Crimson can be justly proud to have
produced a home build design capable of this level of
performance.
I
grumbles
A few niggles. The balance control is very limited in
operation More so than is even trendy, never mind
useful, and a little extra swing would do no harm. I'm not
at all happy about those auxiliary inputs really, but they
seemed to cause no problems so l'll shut up about them.
In order to obtain the level of performance the design
can offer very careful construction is required. All cables
sc reened. All as short as possible. Good soldering. Good
ea rthing. Isolated PSU and sound routing of
ca rrymg HT
away f rom anywhere at signal
Le ave the on -off switch on the PSU box so that
need not even enter the case.
cables
level.
mains
Also the subjective quality, although of a very high

quality, is a little hard, and judged against the best
designs around slightly lacking in detail.Still none of this
detracts from the fact that here we have a DIY amplifier
that can compete with the very best commercial units,
and make mincemeat of many far higher priced designs.
Highly recommended
86
the dealers too, creating a new

basically means that only the
best of the range, although the
unsure in places.
Ell
na.
t
And here we have the TC K8B the new 469 cassette

deck released as pa rt of the super -fi Sony range. It
incorporates that mag nificent LCD display (det ails on the
right) and on the short listen so far gave an exce lient audio
account of itself.
Below: the G1 speakers. Very good indeed for the price

(circa 190 the pair) and deserving of none of the usual
anti-Japanese speaker bias. Give them a listen if you get
the chance.
NEWS:Audiophile
LCD Peak Programme Meter
Pola Ong
prep
Eisen oil
rawfu=>iiii
Spr;,iq,,ry
o
unnnumarineznf1
rl
iilalnraen
11,
Polannng plate
Ughf
Glass
Glass
Loud crystal
Above: the LCD level meter as used in the TCK8B in

close-up. This uses 64 segments to indicate signal level,
and has red settable stops to hold peak values. The colours
are nice too!
This is a nice touch. A portable Elcaset machine. Gives

really nice reproduction and is quite easy to cart around.
All the controls are mounted so as to be accessible when
in mid -carry. The format would seem to be ideal for this
usage. All the quality of a reel-to-reel and no'fiddling about
while rapidly unspooling tape in a gale! Priced sensibly at
459 and called the EL D8 for the wandering rich amongst
you.
Not that I'm obsessed with cassette decks or anything,

but here's another one. The TC K6B this time. It's main
cede gimmick is the MPU program selector. That little LED
isplay in the centre can be stepped to read the number of
tiro track you wish to hear. The machine will promptly go
and find it and play it for you. Again LCD level meters,
although not as good as the TC K8Bs obviously less
segments. Below: The incredible TAE8B. The unit has two
COMPLETELY separate channels inside its box. Selectable phono load on one input, and one straight in for
people who don't like switches in line (Like me) at this
law level. Moving coil pre -pre amp is standard of course.
Price 699 (What did you expect?)
87
Greenbank Electronics
AS RECOMMENDED
BY ELECTRONICS TODAY
111080590'
CMOS
INTERNATIONAL JULY 1978
These cul prices for Amateur Users 841

quantity prices available
Lal 511600 5010 Oar tall

nntA r 11 1St ,er 9.444
Export 50104 bM4141 Y6M1-
Mostly Motorola, RCA
4" Oscilloscope
ALTERNATIVE MODEL
FROM STOCK
99
3" OSCILLOSCOPE
otherwise specification as 4
85.50
model
OCK
74602
14604
74608
74610
74614
74620
74630
74632
74642
74648
74673
74674
74676
14683
-- - V/division
5MHz
-9 0.1, 0.2, 0.5,
10.20 50V/div
-- 600V
Meg/40
shunt
-Hz-350KHz
0-400m /division
- Continuous,
when time
-600VMeg position
- 100msec/div
to
sec/
div
steps
-includes
Variable between steps timebase calibration
position
- Internal - ranges
-- Internal,
external
Continues from positive to
negative
Voltage
-Input
18W
- 4in. - flat face, single
- Maximum high voltage 1.5kV
-blueFitted
with 8x10 division
filter graticule
-28cm
20.5cm (w)
-- 4.3Kgposition,
(approx)
flat
clined
-- Steel,
epoxy enamelled
Aluminium, enamelled
epoxy printing
100m
DC
step
Deflection Sensitivity
Bandwidth (between 3 dB
points)
Input Attenuator
(calib-
P.P
V
2000
base in EXT
14cm (h) x
(d)
PHYSICAL DATA
Dimensions
Weight
Case
Front Panel
yRRys
88
15
lip
11
1.10
45p
115
flip
It
(2.011
11.01
11.45
40.91
(1.19
52.45
(1.10
41.11
12.45
LLli
185
755
lIp
1111.10
1149
MII
M/1
675
1]40
1011
1161
1069
1070
229
205
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41.21
40109
(1.02
1511
i1.0
11.50
(1.59
(6.09
10.50
1101
(7.11
12.03
TI1
11.32
17.98
111.50
(2.47
12.17
11/1
11.81
13.12
13.12
1513
719
Edplmsc NUed iel
U.
915
21.14
11.55
13.61
111.55
1700
01 11111750E
11 4(
515'510
1211
COMM 0.1P4/17
11901Y
1405" Olaf 10pa0R
(0,95
CIOCI (NIPS
4-l'11144
2.60
(530
MI 50253
13.11
13 50382.,5011
M11440NMI
11.19
715.
lip
1630
111.01
SII 01C108 COUMfE111

Ml 503501,1
2175
13.04
11.11
13.69
11.14
M150906 9
1620
11511
15.33
11.59
12.31
11.51
1589
4512
4510
2.11
975
644
0b111E.994
0115
11.25
4541
4513
11.00
410 01S1575
4E IIME. 1014
C13.23
4531
4511
4500
23p
4511
15.14
17.12
4542
11p
4513
4511
4515
1591
11.31
Blp
46141114041
13.10
151e
lip
lip
1;411.0n,
0.27
15.3
1551
91p
615
CA
/Sp
1659
1500
15.71
4511
11.45
4651
1551
4510
11.12
1511
1532
Sap
31.119354
Up
(4 :13
2114
4535
4555
56.96
4501
11.09
11.50
11.08
11.52
1551
Till
1501
1512
4513
1504
1505
4507
5/5
5528
4520
4570
236 494
OP -914!5
046 M.r.iv.ys
11.05
4549
4552
1553
11.54
14.1 2
81.76
1151E1 ICs
4E55556
(I 81
45311
(7.50
44113P
4701
4101
Slp
11.11
4538
112.12
4452
11.02
4521
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15.73
4/112!
2.50
41116
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4451
139
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11.05
11.05
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4191
4191
4400
1111
14159
32p
219
215
215
745
till
1511
4513
4520
4571
1622
4594
11.01
01.01
11.01
44155
IIp
4017
4171
4111
4002
6185
11.41
11.41
11.11
11.40
11.01
4112
4103
4171
4175
401191
Y]5
4126
SII460161I14 PINS
I1041
09P 2a.50
OIL SOCeE15
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76'IO ru 345 lOp 510
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21p
1111
Sip 10110
Sip 11115
4111
(2.65
1411
lop
4471
4072
1017
1015
Pip
0.45 10117
24p
24p
24p
24p
24p
74085
74086
74089
74090
74063
74095
740107
740150
740151
746154
746157
746150
746161
746162
746163
E1.41
24p
24p
24p
92p
E1.38
54p
56p
54p
E1.29
01.29
64p
E4.38
85p
740164
740165
740173
740174
740175
740192
740193
740195
740200
II
I._-
71p
43p
01
71140101.115111 Clock Lou
12.06
54
131 I 71
5ee11.11104
while 2.06
E1.04
1.04
MOlO
740905 E7.26
740906
54p
740907
54p
740908
96p
740909
E1.63
740910
06.78
740911
71111
740912
07.13
740914
..__..
E1.41
-.._.
746915 E1.10
746914 E1.06
746925 11.113
746921 E11.63
746922 E3.66
746923 f3.73
90p
1.51
90p
E1.10
85p
E1.04
E1.22
E4,12
E2.46
E3.67 74C221
E2.20 746373
1.10 746901
1.10 746902
E1.10 746903
E1.10 746904
KHz
1.10
01.04
E6.78
E1.36
E1.73
54p
54p
54p
54p
Yll Ir IM41 INmll
OM .2
Ohl
Ch 36 Vision Modulator
2.50
Dino Wide Bandwidth
4 70
Sound Modulator
E2.50
746924
74C925
746926
746921
746926
746929
E3.92
262 144 KHz

301 z KHz
312 5 KHz
3.92
E3 92
E3 92
4550
392
KHz
MHz
155
21.81
1A.44
e4
C4 44
I3
4433619 MHz
4
4
4
5
608 MHz
800 MHz
915 MHz
000 MHz
5 120 MHz
5 185 MHz
000 MHz
6 144 MHz
6 400 MHz
6 55360 MHz
7 000 MHz
7 168 MHz
6
7.810 110
1.01437507
141111110
388608 MHz
800 MHz
10 000 MHz
10 700 MHz
23
E3 23
323
3 23
E3.23
E3.23
E3.23
E3.23
E3.23
3.23
3.23
03 23
1123
1311
1123
E3 23
03.23
E3.23
E3 23
E3.23
E3 23
1431010 MHz
18
ON MHz
0:417152
M.110 M52
22.1114 Mb
276411152
2055 405
411M MU
10100 MU
114100 ON
kil, and you know Thal, due

to incomplete address de
coding and various hardware limilalions, it is
hardly any more use Man a
f] 20
G.23
1127
C1.23
15.13
13.23
13.23
13.20
ROM,
some RAM working space

and Input/0u1pul ports.
You need: a "SC/

PROTO BOARD!
Price 5 95
6014
SCAMP II.
15151
930
110.10
(41.95
al
4401II
rkR
'A Guide to
20/4p
2111755
E67 27
II
[National)
017121014 Ira
on
1.20
11.75
13.25
11195
11115
1a41114W
W 54104 554
SPECIAL 2100\7\Mq
15,50
1.151
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42571491 lM 4111144114411401
11004up
280
10naeap
025-544.23540.1110704450
requeal(When mailable]
a:-..
--
647 le all prices al 6%. except where elated otherwise

2751 par order. Export add 75p (Europe). 42.50 elsewhere. ea YAT
Polys. aniveraillea. gaol. depts.. 01c.. can Meehan their orden for immediate eeeeo-e
TERMS Pool. alt.:
535
41
11102114444441114
C0311C
50p
23.10
200110Eq
LM 1102115 214r
03.50
ala Ior SC/MP
Mae
LIMIb111
2111110
8154 IISP-13A/650j
Soo
INS
111164411
68711
111511C
0111111
2310
14110
Mr 60801- coming soon
KITING' glemitronl
El 00
SC/MP Programming' 0(waitron)
159444 dale for
11167111
5150;
092-4296 16601e Interpreter
E2 75
19.25
0418/1061 umab13
CAP
U1a
Wool
61101113111
leo
2111156E43
1112256441
U9 tremble EPIIOMS
110312M 111
15.95
59941512 1 11
19 95
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c200 pape McMOS 041514011144141 E3.50

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'Understanding Mic rMrlp00ar5 51411 rolai
'A Guide to
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11.20
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Mr.
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111.75
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7.95
5.56
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leer eeaptlM181E1
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1111
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03.13
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111147
(11 DM npeN
E1595
E795
SC/MP II [4MHz1
9080
14500 100
6800
cat
95/6/7/8
50011.6 011p1
plated IIII
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le 1441.114
ACTA
AMM3]0.911115I91
r1181.5
MPU MOPS
COSMAC I802
77'.
E4.25
f4 25
E7.17
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PIO
1/512211.111 1171
110EM1100-1roM-11
(NIP
74494544151 714141
1011 IO9fM11E
IItI011181MF1
connector and has

n119eau Meru 76rMIr
*Men
6820
ALLS
[The hoard is double sided
wish
E750
6850
board for the SC/MP chip,

your ewe er your eoluihil
in
E4.41
6821 PIO
You're now ready la put

SC/MP to WORN.
You need a separate circuit
kilo programme
SI
MPR I/O
-5-1013 UART
INS 8154 RAM I/O
AY
toy!
362
f3
ROM CHARACTER
GENERATORS
(Check stock helore ordering]
merciai mlcrocompuler
E3.62
E3 92
E3 62
3 62
3.23
3.62
3 62
3.23
E1 95
2.90
3 23
3 23
E3 23
1.25
COMPUTER KITS
CON 7 enea.
You ve already pot a cam
3.62
z 04 8 KHz
691117$
SC
3 23
E392
000 MHz
3 2768 MHz
3 579545 MHz
4 000 MHz
4 032 MHz
4 096 MHz
4 194304 MHz
and in-
, Elemp3 820.1 404 Edgware 50. London
10
LONDON N2 104
zip
Also available from 248 Tottenham Court Road

London W1
301 Edware Road, London W2
'r
1811
2 56 z 50 MHz
Stand
Ili p
1511
4511
1111 4D2
10.20 19153
11.34 10197
125.70 10194
14.10 10251
11.15 1101
115.67 1151
400E
KHz
24576
beam
CRT DATA
40621
4803
4051
4055
lilip
000 MHz
008 MHz
1.8432 MHz
2.000 MHz
2 091152 MHz
on all
Power Dissipation
4061
lip
I1p
lip
II::
1N
10% at
IYp
alp
in 5
Blanking
SYNCHRONIZATION
Selection
Synchronization Level
POWER SUPPLY
lip
I91aIchJ
100 0 KHz
P.P
- 115/220V AC
50/60Hz
32168
pff in
Deflection Sensitivity
Bandwidth (between 3dB
points)
Gain Control
Input Impedance
Input Voltage Max
TIME BASE
Sweep Range (calibrated)
FINE Control
4055
4051
4969
1061
619
MICPI]POCESSOflS
1063
Sap
Sep
(5.31
1, 2, 5,
rated)
Input Impedance
Input Voltage Max
HORIZONTAL AXIS (X)
614
1705
IIp
74C00
SPECIFICATIONS
ELECTRICAL DATA
VERTICAL AXIS (Y)
721.
'16.
00157
40111
acrylic window Case colour
Appointed
London Stockist
IMPORTERS
1115
41p
1050
5051
5052
155
171
[National etc.) 74000 Series
Add VAT 7 92
Carriage 2 08
SOLE UK
Add VAT 7.34

Carriage 1 .50
4000
4001
4002
4006
4007
4006
4009
4010
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
4021
4022
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
4029
4030
4031
4032
4033
4034
4035
4036
4037
4038
4039
4040
4041
4042
4043
4044
4045
4046
4047
4048
4049
CINO. Add
UN 25p 14- 2p
VAT
522
GREENBANK ELECTRONICS (Dept.
Ti
l E(
Y[ Ne.. Chests. NwJ. New Terne. M'.r.N. 14e.4eY4We L67 54G Enylarq Tel 051-6.15 1) 91
- NOVEMBER 1978
SINTEL
THE SINTEL SIX DIGIT MAINS CLOCK KIT
with BLEEP ALARM and TOUCH SWITCH SNOOZE
HIGH BRIGHTNESS DISPLAY
AUTOMATIC INTENSITY CONTROL

DEEP RED DISPLAY FILTER
SLIM WHITE CASE 205mm r 40mm
140mm
BATTERY BACKUP
CRYSTAL CONTROL FOR IMPROVED ACCURACY
..
....
...
..
Order as ACK + BBK + XTK

The ACK is also available without battery backup and crystal control Order as ACK
The kit Is supplied complete with the exception of a mains plug cable and battery
34 50
E28 80
DATABOOKS
BEST OF BYTE Volume
E11 95
380 pages
Illustrating Basic
Intel Memory Design Handbook
Intel 8080 Microcomputer Systems User s Manual
Intel 8085 Microcomputer Systems User s Manual
Motorola Booklet From the Computer to the Microprocessor
Motorola McMOS Databook Nol 5 Series B)
Motorola M6800 Microprocessor Applications Manual
Motorola M6800 Programming Manual
National SC/MP Introkit User s Manual
National SC/MP Technical Description
National Semiconductor TTL Databook
1
E2.45
5 20
E6 50
6 50
1 80
E3 50
12 95
5.35
0.75
1 80
2 10
RCA CMOS and Linear IC Databook

5 45
Texas Instruments Pin Configuration Guide A very useful set of gloss cards showing top and bottom pin -out
views of 7400 ICs plus many others (T Memories Op -Amps etc I
E2 95
I
Z80 Assembly Language Programming Manual

Zilog ZBO-CPU Technical Manual
Zilog Z80 CTC Product Speohcatmns
Zilog ZBO-P10 Technical Manual
OATASHEETS at 75p each on M6100 6800 SC/ MP CDP 1802 2650 TMS5501
Z80r P Intel 8085 Also free data on some components.
7 50
E5 60
0 80
E3 30
TMS8080 9131
Some Popular Memories available from SINTEL

(See ETI DATA SHEET SPECIAL July
1978)
f1 85
2102 450 nsec 1K STATIC RAM

2102 650 nsec STATIC RAM
2708 1K x B bit UV ERASABLE ROM
6508 600 nsec 1K STATIC RAM
95
E1
f8.80
E8.05
KEY:
1:
The bit of chocolate you thought you'd leave

for later.
2:
Coffee stains (instant).
3:
A useful -sized bit of stiff paper to stop the

window from rattling.
ASSEMBLED LATCHED COUNTER MODULES
SIX DIGIT TTL COUNTER MODULE

Our range of Industrial Latched Counter Module Kits is now available ready -built These counters use both
CMOS and TTL ICs and will save you considerable design purchasing building and de -bugging time Each
module uses a set of red LED displays and features a single in-line plug and socket Instructions are provided
For full details please send for Catalogue
Rough calculations for your new combined egg

timer/laser cannon project.
!Apt
4
ETI makes a fair soldering iron stand.
The dog insisted on carrying your copy to you

along with your slippers.
11411
Built
I41-414
TIS+SI
E1312
2113114
Half our orders for binders are repeats: we think

that says a lot for their quality. At 3.00 all inc. you
get a great deal of peace of mind too!
Part No
526-412
657-412
721-412
29,22
pSIE
Kil
Pun Nu
10-9E
E10.52
E17 96
SI2-AE
312-50
E25 66
Buen
Part No
!13.122
540470
_22.0
009-470
191-470
E32 3I
Kit
E10 42
E10.11
E2505
NEW PRICES AND SOME NEW CMOS ADDITIONS
CD4000
CD4001
CD4002
CD4006
CD4007
CD4008
0 15
0 17
0.17
1.04
18
87
50
50
C04009
C04010
WHAT A BIND!
CMOS
TTL
Part No
C04011
CD4012
C04013
CD4014
CD4015
CD4016
CD4017
CD401B
CD4019
CD4020
CD4021
CD4022
CD4023
CD4024
CD4025
CD4026
1B
20
43
83
.83
-48
.79
.83
.50
11
0 90
0 82
0 18
1
0.70
0.20
1
55
If you need your CMOS by return

buy it from SINTEL
044 CD4051
0.64
CD4027
0 82 CD4086
1 39
0.77 CD4052
CD4028
0 82 CD4089
1 03
0.80
0.82 CD4093
C04029
CD4053
1 69
CD4030
0.50 CD4054
1.04 CD4094
2 00 CD4055
0 94
CD4031
1.18 CD4095
CD4096
0.94
CD4032
0 89 CD4056
1 18
3 35
1
25 CD4059
CD4033
4.29 CD4097
0 98
1 71
CD4098
CD4034
CD4060
1 00
1 85
1 06
CD4035
0 98 CD4099
CD4063
2 50
2 86
CD4036
0 55 CD40100
C04066
1 61
0 85 CD4067
CD4037
3 35 CD40101
2 13
0 96
C04038
0 20 CD40102
CD4068
2.13
2 78
CD4039
0 20 CD40103
CD4069
1 10
0 97
CD4040
0 46 CD40104
CD4070
1.06
0 75
CD4041
0.20 CD40105
CD4071
0.62
0.69 CD4072
CD4042
0.20 CD40106
0 69
CD40107
CD4043
0.88 CD4073
0 20
5 36
0 84
CD4044
0 20 CD40108
CD4075
1 03
1 26
CD40109
CD4045
1 17
CD4076
1 19
1 20
CD4046
0 39 CD40160
CD4077
1 19
0
89
CD40161
CD4047
0.20
CD4078
1
19
0 50
CD4048
0 20 CD40162
CD4081
0 50
1
19
CD4049
0 20 CD40163
CD4082
0 43
3 40
CD4050
0 64 CD40181
CD4085
CD40182
CD40192
CD40193
CD40194
CD40257
CD4502
CD4510
CD4511
C04514
CD4515
CD4516
C04518
C04520
CD4527
CD4532
CD4555
0D4556
MC14528
MC14553
IM6508
ICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
ORDERS TO : SINTEL, PO BOX 75A, OXFORD

Tel: 0865 49 791
FAST SERVICE W e wanner, that Telephone Ordem for
good. in stock. received by 4.15 Pm 16400 -tri-) we. be
deap.tehed on the Game day by 1st Class Peet feue bees1
geed_ .verre
item. by parcel post) and our mocking
MMAmer
custonrn ahardd telephone mid Peer W
- NOVEMBER 1978
1
1
40
40
40
19
48
0.81
1
1
01
25
2.47
2 82
1.01
0.97
1 04
1 43
1
21
0 78
0 78
O 93
4 43
8.05
For our full range of components send for Free Catalogue

Our Offices are at 209 Cowley Road Oxford but please do not use this as a postal address
PRICES VALID UNTIL 31st AUGUST 1978
OFFICIAL ORDERS ARE WELCOME from Companies Govt Depts Nam Inds Umvs Polys
ORDERS, C W O add VAT @8%i.35p p&p TELEPHONE and CREDIT (Invoice) ORDERS add VAT` 8=
p&p minimum charge (the balance will be charged at cost) Please see FAST SERVICE EXPORT ORDERS re,.c_u-e
no VAT but add 10% (Europe) 15% (Overseas) for Air Mail p&p For Export postage rates on hea.-,
us tirs[
rrs
Binders
2f-27 Oxford Street.
London W1R 1RF.
ETA
Barclaycard number. with

Official orders, no
rieur_
gw
enter ewe
ee ES
SIlV'l'EL.
lii
ACE MAILTRDIIIX LTD

Depl
Teal Sheet
Walieheld,Wttrkshire WFI51R
10 I.. 20E11 electronics
56 FORTIS GREEN ROAD, MUSWELL HILL, N10 3HN

TELEPHONE: 01-883 3705
COMPONENTS - Now over 1,000 types in stock.

KITS - See the new range of low-cost 'ELEKITS'.
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Ae
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MEMORIES, TTL, CMOS, ICs, PASSIVES, ETC., ETC.
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Easy build introduc*TIME SWITCH
tion to electronics. *BLINKER
-fl SKITS'
SUPERSAVERS
included
Many hours of enjoy - Many others in preparation
in full ACE catalogue
send S.A.E. for
menr
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Mini ORGAN
ALL FULL SPEC DEVICES
WORSE
\TRAINER..--, "
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only
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741
555
T I L209
4 for
10 for
for
(INC CLIP)
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1.00
1.00
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P.
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OR MORE, CONTAINS CIRCUITS, PIN CONNECTIONS AND
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FOR SERVICE
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atronics
DECODERS
TELETEXT
-
RF POWER METER
-
October '78)
(ETI project 139
Most components in stock including
F14 @ 16p, F25 @ 28p. PCB 1.00.
12.7mm toroid
2 METER POWER AMP

(ETI project 710 - September '76)
a simple -to -build, easily -aligned Class C PA suitable for CW and FM
amplification at 2 metres from a nominal 3.5V (-ve earth) supply (7 amps at full
power). T/R 'switching' is performed by diodes and 1/4 wave lines. A power input
of 10 watts is required for the nominal 40 watts output power
Complete with cabinet 19.50 + 65p p&p.
This is
LOW
COST V.D.U.
project 560 - Aug Sept Oct '76)
(ET)
ALL PRICES
VAT
INCLUDE
144.60
--157.25
Basic upper case only
Standard decoder
TIFAX MODULE
special offer including mounting
board and nterface circuitry plus
full application information

129.35.
All
READY BUILT DECODERS

Prices from 230 to a full specification
professional model at 310. Send SAE for
full details
new
tull
speciticalion, tun
Mostly National and
All components available for this popular low cost V D U project Complete kit at
Special Price 64.00 + 1 00 p&p
Separate components
PCB set 7.20; 2112-2, 4.50; 2513, 8.50; 555, 47p.
packing.
Send SAE for FREE PRICE LIST or 45p + large (A4) 18
of our Data -Catalogue.
7400 SERIES T
All prices INCLUDE VAT but please add minimum of
rom aronics
t e
umber One company for Teletext Decoders for CEEFA>
and ORACLE We now offer a wide range starting at below Et 45.00.
KITS
Based on 'Wireless Wodd' design
.34p
for post and
1/2p
SAE for copy
7400
7402
7403
7404
7406
7406
7410
7411
7412
7414
7420
14p
14p
14p
15p
40p
18p
16p
22p
24p
78p
17p
7421
7427
7428
7430
7432
7440
7442
7447
7473
7474
7475
31p
29p
38p
18p
27p
16p
73p
75p
35p
29p
46p
teX
74e3
74e5
74e6
7490,
7492
7493
7496
74107
74121
74123
74126
o tu:eYNT
Teus
uaranlees
products
li
78p
1.24
1.12
E1.07
69p
72p
999
E1.12
74145
74150
33p
74153
36p
74157
52p
74161
74164
39p
97p
74165
35p
74166
29p
74170
79p
74174
74175
81p
on TTL addles ver
1.12
1.60
2.44
94p
94p
74177
74160
74188
74192
74193
74195
74196
74221
74H00
74H04
74810
04p
021.
f3.411
f130
130
E1.03
1.90
1_74
361.
44p
31p
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SURREY SM6 8RG
Open 9 am to 6 pm Mon. -Fri., 9 am to 1 pm Sat. Closed for lunch 12.45 to 1.45 pm
Telephone: 01-669 6700
90
NOVEMBER 1978
i
Readers' Circuits
Guitar Sustain Unit
S D. Maistre
1000u
=10V
0( P
NOTE
01,2 are 2N3819

03,4,5 are BC109C
isOA91
ICI is MC3340
D1
The sustain to be described here

holds the output at a constant level
over a wide range of input levels. It
ruas designed for use with electric
guitars and has a maximum effect
Kith the guitar pick-up volume full
Digital Bike Speed

B.
Lemming
p.
R1
The principle employed is that of
whereby the circuit output

IS monitored by a DC voltage follower which controls the gain of the
YCA through which the signal
passes. The advantages of this
circuit are that, unlike many such
devices, it does not use opto
Coupling which draws too much
c_rrent for battery powered equipIrent; it produces no audible distorD ro components are easily obtained
33k
an AGC.
and cost is low.

Construction method is not
LATCH
swt
kph
mph
>
>t-
RV1
RESET
VD2
iC1
RV2
mph
kph
20k
20k
v,
88
SINTEL
MOS 2 DIGIT
LATCHED COUNTER
ENABLE
VssjG
CLOCK 0
01
critiCal -
C1
100n
NOTE
IC1
unit provides push-bike speed

surement between zero and
km hr or 100 mph! The circuit
based on the Sintel MOS counter
which counts the pulses from
ohoto transistor Q1
--ese pulses are provided by
rc 18 aluminium 'barriers' to the
Q1 was an unmarked type in
:--ototype, in a TO 18 package.
mounts in an old felt-tip pen
ICS TODAY
01
555
is
D1, 2
RBI
are 1N914
2N5777
3V
case opposite the amp so that the

barri ers interrupt th e bea m in operaI
tion. The
counter operates whilst
PB1 is pressed, bu t latc hes after a

time determined by RV1 or RV2 IC1
and associated components. IC1
forms
square -wave oscillator with
variable mark -space ratio. The time

for which pin 3 is taken low is determined by RV1 /RV2
this enables
the counter.
The speedo accuracy is de':e-L=
mined by the accuracy of
controls RV1 and or P.`. 2
tit
eT
Tech -Tips is an ideas forum and is not aimed at the

beginner We legman we
a_ara
queries on these items.
ETI is prepared to consider circuits or ideas
subrdeeor
meeleeslerim
em me
used will be paid for. Drawings should bee dear
-tteabie
ire Bum remdtrttshesre
be typed. Circuits must not be sublact to eagerigillicleimis
111:1MMIREIMMINIV
to ETI TECH -TIPS. Electronics Today I..e
Wen
R3 1MO
a/
re
-_--pModlt_
DUAL
HOME COMPUTING
NASCOM 1 Build and tested 267.30
VOLTAGE
FLADAR TRANSFORMERS
1/12 Seale R/C E Neu

Kit
CHESS SETS
PRIMARY 770-240 50HZ.

ALTERNATIVE SECOND ART VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
AVAILABLE BY SERIES OR PARALLEL CONNECTION
ENE
YON
606E12
BORIS
609E20
B0130
130+30
128+28
50FE30
30+30
6+0
0+9
10FE06
IOFEME
20FE12
12+12
20E515
15+15
20E120
20+20
TIpA
75p
126E06
3.60
75p
360
75p
75p
MACE
12FE15
3.60
75p
12E120
20+29
70p
086E06
310
70p
08E109
6+6
9+9
310
70p
08FE10
310
310
709
60
26 EACH
EACH
65p
06E10
65p
06FE12
06E115
10+10
12+12
15+15
30E130
412-16
60FE30
41Y-14
0 8A EACH
2.60
659
0 6A EACH
230
230
65p
0 5A EACH
65p
360
75p
350
75p
100FE26
28-0-28
4X0
10.45
342
15 70
Switch
18 95
UnNmel Maine
l'A
25.00
2.0
60p
60p
British Birds
2.0
60p
Reynard the fox
0.5A EACH
2.0
60p
0 4A EACH
2.0
60p
2.0
60p
0 25A EACH
06A EACH
05A EACH
180
03A EACH
B0
50p
0 25A EACH
B0
50p
150
509
Poste
1.50
0 20A EACH
150p
50 150p
IA
2 . 95
4 ,70
11 ,
,
.
560
1100
24211nT0
412I5.
00
58 EACH
11.50
75p
5A EACH
(50
75p
100EE60
304130
5.10
100
2 OA EACH
4.50
151
1006E26
26626
11J0
1110,
AEepeoe
22.10
Hand controls supplied with cartridges
.. [2.80
2290
02.50
E4 90
SIC MODELS, 27 Seem Ind. Landon N22

Omer cress eel eae:leelo- I So Antra ed Ms
WE STOCK PARTS
TO BUILD MUSICAL
00
t42450
1006E30
Ma n console + mains
adaptor
38 90
Cartridge
Price
10 games
No
FREE
(with above)
No 2 Stuntrider
20.25
No 3 Roadrace
16.95
No 4 Tank battle
23 50
UNBEATABLE LOW PRICES
I50 I50p
0 25A FACH
our
All pates mc1.de PRP A POI

121.000
BO 150p
035AEACH
/50nm
.........V,.,,,,n M,...
50p
Programmable TV Game in col-
01.00
Violon Modulus.
Colour [nod.,
show on cover of
ETI Oct 78)
1.80 150p
0 4A EACH
0,-9V
(as
TV GAMES
EGod",
Memory till
Mivominia
Soon Module
4 Digit Alarm Clock chip and

display G1 CK3000 I.0 +
Plasma Display
E4-90
7.30
Lewis
2.0
Cr
PmlcII. or
44. 87
Military
EACH
WE
Price
0 SA EACH
0 5A EACH
2.60
IA FACE
30-0-30
6+6
0.66
1A EACH
26-0.26
061E06
086512
of king
Camelot
0 75A EACH
1.0A FACE
304150
08E115
10+10
12+12
15+15
lA
Height
Set
0111E/
..
1.611GCE
26628
12E110
70p
604E52
80FE60
12E109
3.00
6+6
9+9
12EE12
60FE10
13U1E52
NNW
lA EACH
0 8A EACH
1/1
10+10
12+12
15+15
0 9A EACH
3.60
IDI
EACH
2A EACH
15+15
20+20
50E128
12+12
50E020
2.11
50 EACH
28+28
50EE15
3A RCA
20+20
60E528
50FEI2
CNmI
12+2
15+15
Just add
IwoCChannel
R/
21401130
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1.10
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24 pin OIL Socket
2 00
Min slide Swnnetes
f1 50
Min push ro make swllches
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E
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E310.
*MRNSINWSTRIES M:e.Nawerrun5dwaea
6 12 volta 7 emm,rdn 30.l (Manencaomleted
EOR ea'l, 'to O. I00/or E30.
INDUSTAML
HONEYWELL PROXIMITY DETECTOR

el
Sa 0 C [2,60 n ICI 'or 120
Ae
ner
OSOR
M
cal 70m
20134A
Open
pcurem 59.11.11mm 71p
OcIHpIWrn
MAINE TRANSFORMERS,mn.xwre. all wren

NOr
pre,
17 roll
100
na
amp
60.90.42m m
9So [S
260
E1
l
20 E10
BIM 5c42 m/ m
80x53x34mm
95p
15p
SOLDER imulucore type) by Sei vcol
10 metes for 1.50 metres for 41.
75p
SPEAKERS (miniature)
EL84 output
75p
75p
75p
f6
f6
1per
0
T V
3'a
TUNERS by GEC
.2'r,.1
emtabls
.311.E
ax nh
UHF
E2 50 ea 10 for
ta.wl
1
[1.10 16.00 [95

C/.20 [10.00
on
AC
2-PoleC Dyer Gcul
EAAcplrelay
VIREO
Meese., 25008 Amp4C Cunwt Mans

^9
80
50
65
2N3055A
T03 POWER
80 VOLT
50
50
40
CLOCKING OSCILLATOR (Poe
ye uynam,cs)
D
mHZ supply 5v 19s25x6mm B5p 10
8 ohms
8 ohms
40 ohms
100+
Itope enclosed
600212V
12012v1U0m amp2Bx25x27mm
Valve oulpu 40
10
las ihen GMnbulo levee

20013260 DL
11111
CHANGE OVER REED RELAY 12,
al
Pria
RELATE
By M Oa.MRGN
cute
010moyen176.
K.
92
,INlor lo, we w1111 cuhulelur {lapa Se oiPple

*AR pom[110 Ne G.
CORROYONS
DIGIT Ponapez calculator
1100114 7 se5nem 0 75 d.pec Neon type W101
awl bevel warn our. data 12.10 ea 10 110[20.
ALMA PUSHBUTTON lush rnbaba,y reed
menthes. Push i1 make I5.77318mm *Op 97
PAYMENT: Cash Cheque poebel

Coddle
tip
ea
VAT: Add neon
POWER UNIT KIT FOR ABOVE MODELS

25/28 VOLTS E2.95
TAPE HEADS 'A track Redone Mellon %8953u
C5.21511 Dam MSS. MIPS 18 E3.110,
NULLARD TUNER MODULES wren data
LPI t / cdmb,ed AM FM IF nap -CA.
IP1179 FM knee end wren AM lung 9.9.
deed with LP1171-44. e1P1171 and 79
pou -11.50. a 1,111157 compile AM strop
C2.05. A Form Awed -Slip.
SEVEN DIGIT MINIATURE COUNTER Sr
Durant 12.74 robs 0 C 3 Weis One 40.25H%
551, men E1 mph. O lo C9. 100 ear MM.
SECIINAN 500 6e. Tonerabl1 clackers
E10.95 WITH
CIRCUIT
l'
0 90
0 95
0 2 Yellow /Green
THIS QUALITY AMPLIFIER
for Et, 10-E4, 100-E35.

FAIRCHILD FND70 0 15 7 segment display
C radaule /0010 en, [11.50.
1
7.00.
120*
tested,
MC1310 DECODER * 5-BUTTON SELECTOR

SWITCHES
INPUT SELECTORS FOR GRAM
AND TAPE *Suppled co mplete with FRONT-END
TUNER AN 0 FERRITE A ERIAL SIMPLE INTERCONNECTE DNS w See 9x13x6cm.
with PC connector 0 2 digits Common cathode

wuh red bezel 1.25
10-E10.
TEXAS 19 gold platen snap key contacts pn gold
plated P C board S 0e 70x80x2mm 75p ea 10
for E6.
ORP12 hghl dependent resistance (Eq = RPY30)
10-- 21, 100 -Cal. IMOO-2350.
parts with instructions E5.50
JOYITICR CONTROLS. (Ideal for 1V Genes.

model conl.01) eluld1, 100511uned compact
peen lull 360 moremene end codr,1 Each um.
Mad Port 11108 Isar. Wnllol. Pen 45.0e
TAIRF LONG -MEDIUM S T/M TUNER WITH
CALCULATOR CHIPS General .nttrumeer

IAMT4 on sea. data Inde 20 pre 0 I L melon lue
.W wren Meaner *splay E1.EO TO. Pack or 25
TINA
o1
Ready -built
pp., 0rde,
Pusta0e 6 Oae:WW
ucLIvenT
T.V SOUND TUNER KIT Through your
tuner Kit
EE 100
97101u.[AS.
Tv pet
0 2 Red
0 125 Red
BOWMAR 9 DIGIT CALCULATOR DISPLAY
100
BC107/8-9
All below manufacturers' prices

all new
stocks. Quantity discounts export enquiries
invited.
....NUB.
BARGAIN PACKS
IC+
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DALSTON ELECTRONICS
40A Dalston Lane
Dalston Junction E8 2AZ
Tel. 01-249 5624
PAYMENT TERMS:
C W O Cheques
Postal Orders
Please Add 8% VAT
After post & packing
WELCOME
19
E6
E6
E5
FREE
00
TRANSISTOR
VERSION
10 for 2 50
100 for 22 00
000 for 200.00
E2
CATALOGUE
I
Carriage
,000 Lois
38 rocs one
20.
HENRY"
RA0/0
Y mall
Henry's Rado
404 Edgware Rd
London W2
Pens 101) 723 1006
1-11
- NOVEVBER 1975
Readers' Circuits
CMOS Gate
C.
Identifier
PUSH TO
TEST
Ching
P81
COMMON
ANODE
330R
DISPLAY
This circuit can be used to distinguish four types of dual input

gates
is also
- quick methodNAND,checkingNOR
AND, OR,
it
IC
of
function. If an AND gate is inserted
into the socket, an A appears on the
LED. An 0 denotes an OR gate. The
decimal point is used to denote inverted function, i.e. A is an NAND
gate
a
NOTE
01-3
ARE 8C109
Electronic Ignition Switch

K. A. Last
R1
R3
10k
1k
LEDI
START
1oV,50n RlA1
2P/co
5W 3
0-1.- TO
FUSE BOX
R4
2
PB100R
P814
FINISH
!SCR,
R12
50k
R14
START
PB2IV
01
02
BOOR
5k6
CR2
R7
BOOR
R11
R13
ZD1
22k
200R
AIL 8V2
RESET
04
32k
R16
100R
ò SW2
R11
R20
R8
<HORN
C2
100n
200R
T
PB3
2k
R25
800R
0
R21
2k
200R
R5
PB13
R17
R15
R6
-I P- B12
PBa E-
R24
R22
3k6
80R
SCRS
50V,3A
22k
Z02
4V4
SCR3
C1
o SWt
1000u
R2
-1/VV-0
1k
R9
800R
10V
R10
809
sR18
680R
R23
4008
SCR4
a calculator type
keyboard, this circuit provides a
'combination lock' ignition switch
which only activates if the correct
When used with

ICTE
s
BFY50
=2.4 are BC108

=3 are BC108C
5
50V,1A TYPES
50V,3A
TIL 209
.' 's 10V,50R COIL WITH
2p/co CONTACTS
RONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
sequence of three numbers is keyed

in. The keyboard has 14 keys numbered to 12, 'START' and 'FINISH'.
To start the car, the 'start' key is
pressed and the start LED will light.
The correct sequence of 3 numbers is
1
NOVEMBER
1978
then keyed in. If the sequence is

wrong, the cars horn will be sounded.
If the right sequence is entered, the
'START' LED will extinguish and the
ignition will be energised. The correct
sequence will be PB1, PB2, PB3, but
these can be arranged amongst the
other keys in the keyboard, and given
any numbers.
93
BAD NEWS
TRIAC BARGAINS
FOR KNOB TWIDDLERS

A 300W Lightdimmer with NO knob Dimming
and on/off functions are controlled by touch
Features include
No mains rewiring
* Switches on to preset
brightness
* Can he switched and
400V
20A
25A
locations using TDE/K
making
2 -way
SCR(C108015A; 400V
switching easy
60p
219
COMPONENTS
LIG HTING CONTROL KITS1300W)

TSD300K TOUCHSWITCH & DIMMER combined One touch-plate for on/off Small
knob controls brightness
5.50
TS300K TOUCHSWITCH Two touchplates
ON/OFF 4.00
TSA300K AUTOMATIC One touchplate
Preset time delay off 4.00
LD300K LIGHTDIMMER 2.80
Green 21p Yellow
209
display
1.60
LCD .5 4 digit
9.00
LOA 5, dw
4 for 1.00)
NE555
741
( 5 for 1.00)
LM3911 lemperalure IC 1.00
01727
AY -5-1224
VOLTMETER
THERMOMETER KIT
Based on the 7106 single IC 3'/ digit DVM the
kit contains
El MO
Rad 12p
I`.
58p
809
74p
84p
1059
185p
190p
Dec
**PRICE 8.99 TDE/K

1.00
.i.t=rdng'
Case
I6A
dimmed from many

kit
Plastic
3A
6 5A with trigger
8A
12A
S123DIGITAL
7N1034E
ICE 7108 DVM
I N4001
IN4148
PCB, res-
IC
BC182L
istors, capacitors, presets, IC and 0 5 liquid

crystal display Components are also included to enable the
basic DVM kit to be
modified to a Digital
Thermometer using a
single transistor as the
N3819
3.25
4.85
1.80
9.25
6p'
4p'
10p'
7
MINI MAINS
TRANSFORMERS
Our new 1978 catalogue lists a card frame system
that's ideal for all your module projects
they
used it in the ETI System 68 Computer And
we've got circuit boards, accessories, cases and
boxes
everything you need to give your equipment the quality you demand Send 25p to cover
post and packing, and the catalogue's yours
Standard 240V mains primary

100mA secondary
6-O.6V
9.0-9V
12 -0-12V
sensor
ONLY 21.99
6Op
OOp
I6p
24 HR. CLOCK/APPLIANCE TIMER KIT

Switches any appliance of up to 1KW on and off at preset times once a day KIT
contains AY -5-1230 Clock i Appliance Timer IC,
0 5 LED display, mains supply display drivers,
__
_
switches, LEDs, triac, complete with PCBs and full
instructions
13.75
2.
Ili
1=l[
White boo (56x131 u71mm)-drilled

undrilles
2.50
2 50
VERO ELECTRONICS LTD. RETAIL DEPT.

Industrial Estate, Chandlers Ford, Hants. SO53ZR
Telephone Chandlers Ford (042151 2956
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ORDER ONLY TO:
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18eNSISTORS
18p
65126
65127
A5128
AC141
65142
AC151
ACI 52
AC153
1C176
65101
4518B
60149
40161
60162
0114
6F118
AF125
AF126
AFI 27
AF139
AFI 86
AF239
ASY53
ASY54
ASY55
05107
05108
05109
05113
0C117
17p
16p
24p
24p
42p
53p
58p
BC328
BC338
BC547
15
15
05548
05549
10
11
0C25
0C28
0035
0571
BC557
05Y30
14
67
0512
0564
BCY34
74
BCY59
24
14
14
52
TIP29
TIP30
TIP31
TIP32
TIP33
TIP34
711959
11P366
11P416
TIP42A
11X2955
TIP3655
ZTX108
TEX 109
IBp
B5570
23p
23p
65p
38p
38p
30p
30p
27p
27p
27p
36p
54p
40p
81p
BCY71
BDI15
80121
80123
B0124
B0131
8D132
B9135
B0136
00137
79F
79F
00138
00139
00140
38p
35p
35p
25p
29p
27p
34p
37p
37p
37p
37p
37p
28p
30p
BF115
Blp
11F167
69p
0F173
0F176
0F179
0F180
Bp
lip
05143
95147
ep
17p
20p
29p
34p
27p
27p
7p
115149
Op
BF194
9F196
0F197
BC157
9p
11F198
115158
85159
9p
9p
BC168
Op
05170
9p
65171
9p
9p
BF200
BF224
BF257
0F258
8F259
6F939
115119
05140
BC142
135172
05173
BC182
85183
BC164
85186
9p
IOp
IOp
10p
23p
0F181
0F182
6F183
6F164
11F165
0F1140
9F979
0F980
0F029
BFX30
BFX85
1151117
26p
05207
85212
85213
05214
05237
85236
6F086
0F087
05301
13p
10p
IOp
10p
14p
14p
30p
05303
30D
811205
94
11
BFY50
BFY51
BFY53
0SX19
60020
97;
35p
35p
38p
36p
38p
13p
13p
16p
16p
36p
16p
37p
40p
44p
30p
30p
30p
30p
25p
38p
29p
3Ip
20p
15p
15p
28p
25p
21p
140p
160p
76p
108p
108p
B11206
'
204061
204062
204123
12p
20p
23p
ZTX500
20706
201131
201132
201302
201304
201305
201306
201308
201613
201711
201893
202217
202219
202369
202483
202484
202905
202906
202907
2029266
2029260
TTE
7400
7401
7402
7103
7101
7106
7406
12p
12p
12p
12p
13p
13p
29p
29p
14p
14p
12p
19p
21p
25p
54p
27p
27p
129
26p
16p
25p
34p
12p
24p
32p
249
24p
13p
52p
S0P
709
Sop
8p
2N3702
203703
203704
203706
203707
203710
OP
293711
203772
203773
?N3866
203904
Bp
9p
9p
9p
ep
1
77p
2 6Ip
P
8p
7452
7453
7454
7460
7472
7472
7473
7474
7475
7476
7480
7485
7486
4100
14104
14105
/4107
74109
14110
74116
74118
74120
74121
74122
74123
74125
74126
74132
74136
74141
14142
74145
14147
74148
74150
74151
74153
74154
74155
74156
74157
74160
74161
74162
74163
14164
74165
74166
4167
74173
74174
74194
74195
74196
74197
74198
74199
240p
CMOS
95p
50p
40p
28p
45p
46p
160p
82p
125p
26p
55p
400
459
46p
79p
79p
56p
202p
65p
135p
1209
700
50p
600
1060
63p
63p
63p
80p
B0p
BOp
80p
70p
90p
4000
4001
4002
4006
4007
4008
4009
4010
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
92p
85p
92p
92p
150p
150p
15p
150
16p
110p
16P
94p
46p
50p
15p
169
35p
108p
800
459
9p
65p
95p
980
85p
4501
4501
4510
4516
4518
19p
59p
110p
110p
75p
4519
4520
4528
4576
4583
4585
60p
9p
2.5"
110p
107p
27p
83p
105p
4p
5p
375"x5"
76'2
Ih'-0
'6IN
72d
79C5
7912
7915
7918
7924
6Bp
15p
4027
35p
70p
LIN EARS
15P
CMOS
4028
4029
4030
4035
4041
90p
50p
130p
870
75p
850
14P
13p
19p
14p
9p
74175
74176
14177
74178
74160
74181
74192
74184
74190
74191
14192
26p
74193
049
24p
24p
25p
25p
48p
269
100p
270p
120
90p
700
90p
90p
120P
85P
I95P
75P
243p
72p
100p
106P
110p
4042
4043
4044
4047
4048
4049
4050
4066
4068
71001
711011.8
I74110
CA3015
CA302M
40;
003036
003046
451
G3054
4116
G3050
161
M31401
4069
161
43130M11
4010
4071
16
U30II
16
20
u13812
4072
4013
VERO BOARDS 0
4p
4p
6p
I"
copper
5"
57p
67p
CERAMIC CAP 50V

22pF to 47000pF
NE555
IES56
4077
4078
4081
4082
8086
11
T6A641
1A800
T84810
16p
15. 22. 33
41, .68 uF
lip
16p
luF
lop
2.2 uF
20p
6 8 uF
5p
7p
13p
17p
28p
48p
uF
ELECTROLYTIC CAP 25V

uF to 47 uF
7p
6BuF. I00uF
22p
24p
27p
301,
34P
8p
9p
150uF
220uF
330uF
470uF
lop
12p
15p
RESISTORS 0.25W
4.7 ohms to
Minim
1p
38p
40p
POTENTIOMETERS (carbon)
Kobel to 2 Mehms log/linear
26p
60p
5 Kohm Io
70p
Bgp
90p
85p
130p
120p
75p
110p
70p
74p
34
54p
76p
1.1838111105p
618
llOp
POLYESTER CAP 250V

01 .015..022. 033. 047..068.
41p
22p
BI1B
cruel
9960
5p
63;
15p
6p
82p
82p
82p
82p
98p
9Bp
98p
98p
98p
4024
4025
4022
4023
IOp
2 7V lo 33V
lop
VOLTAGE
REGULATORS
7535
Bop
THYRISTORS
28p
IA/500
30p
1A/100V
I6/2000
38p
40p
16/4000
36/1000
36p
38p
30/2906
51p
3A/4000
4021
ZENER DIODES 400mW
16p
7p
54CA3035
559
7451
293054
203055
496
497
32p
65p
45p
34p
80p
55p
62p
90p747001LI4
ISp
14139
2N3053
492
494
495
7407
7408
7409
1410
7411
14p 7412
14p 7413
16p 7414
16p 7416
13p 7417
23p 7420
23p 7421
38p 7422
54p 1427
25p 7428
39p 7430
40p 7432
22p 7433
2Ip 7437
4/p 7438
27p 7440
21p 7441
7442
16P
26p 7443
7444
7445
22p
22p 7446
7447
22
7448
1
7450
710300
691
493
19p
34p
46p
40p
40p
50p
55p
75p
98p
253p
389p
59p
59p
126p
64p
090
25p
65p
240p
70p
113p
57PT01DISPL
PRESETS
100
o5n la
20
CM
Mphm
70P
TRANSFORMERS 240VpnmuT
900
6-05v
90P
069X2 IAX2
90-9Y 100n4SOp
90-9Y IA
1ED35nm
Yellow
Cree'
0IWhoni4nul
Bp
70p
02871
ONP12
U1704
U1707
Red
Rohm log switched
TOP
17P
17P
3P
100mA
09924
0129 24
15Y472001442
959
360p
250p
2909
400p
370p
240p
Add 25p for p&p All items new and full soec
DELTA TECH & CO.

62 NAYLOR ROAD, LONDON, N20 OWN
- NOVEMBER
978
8 -pin
14 -pin
16 -pin
18 -pin
10mA
1A
.05
.08
.15
lA
.05
10mA
.25
1
W Zener
500 mW Zener .25
.25
.25
It
.25
.25
.25
100v
600v
1000v
75v
5.1v
6.2v
10v
12v
13v
14v
15v
22 -pin
24 -pin
28 -pin
40 -pin
4002
4004
4006
4007
4008
4009
4010
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
4021
4022
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
4030
4033
4034
4035
4040
4041
4042
4043
4044
4046
4049
4050
4066
1069/74 C04
4071
4081
4082
IC 14409
IC 14419
4511
74C151
7400
To -3 Sockets
.25
100 -pry
.95
25 Amp Bridge
200 -pry
1.95
7401
7402
7403
7404
7405
7406
7407
7408
7409
7410
7411
7412
7413
7414
7416
7417
7420
7426
7427
7430
7432
7437
7438
7440
7441
7442
7443
7444
7445
7446
7447
7448
7450
7451
7453
7454
7460
7470
7472
.85
.35
.65
2309
2122
7481
7483
7485
7486
7489
7490
7491
7492
7493
7494
7495
7496
74100
74107
74121
74122
74123
74125
74126
74132
74141
74150
74151
74153
74154
74156
74157
74161
74163
74164
74165
74166
74175
LM 201
LM301
LM311 D (Minn
9601
9602
45
74192
74193
74194
74195
74196
74197
74198
74221
74367
L
.85
.55
2.25
.75
1.25
.95
.75
.85
.95
.95
.95
.95
1.45
1.00
.75
75108A
.35
.50
,50
75491
75492
.15
.20
.20
.20
.35
.35
74H00
74H01
74H04
74H05
74H08
74H10
74H11
74H15
74H20
.25
.45
.25
.25
.40
.20
.25
.25
.25
.15
.25
.20
74H21
74H22
74H30
74H40
74H50
74H51
74H52
74H 53J
LM320T5
LM320T12
LM320T15
LM324N
LM339
7805 3aeT5i
LM340T12
LM340T 15
LM340T18
LM340T24
LM340K 12
LM308 (Minn
LM309H
LM309K (340K-51,85
.85
LM310
1.10
20
74191
2N2222
2N2907
2N3906
2N3904
2N3054
2N3055
T1P125
LED Green,
D.L.747
MAN72
MAN3610
MAN82A
MAN74A
FND359
NPN (2N2222 Plastic .10)

PNP
PNP (Plastic - Unmarked)
NPN (Plastic - Unmarked)
NPN
15A 60v
NPN
PNP
74H72
.35
74H101
.75
.55
.95
74H103
74H106
74 L00
74 L02
74 L03
74 L04
74 L10
74L20
74 L30
74L47
74L51
74L55
74L72
74 L73
74 L74
74L75
74 L93
74L123
.25
.20
.25
.30
.20
.35
.45
1.95
.45
.65
.45
.40
.45
.55
.55
.85
300
4.50
3.00
3.50
Me
limi
1.45
1.75
9
=
dr,
I[
50
3.95
9
95
8.95
2.95
8214
8224
8228
8251
8255
8T12
8722
8124
8T97
8.95
3.25
6.00
8.50
10.50
1.50
L50
2.00
1.00
21076-4 4.95
9.50
2708
Z80
0 8.50
'
.75
1.75
LM320K51790511.65
1,65
LM320K 12
LM318 (Minl)
745158
74S194
74S257
741_500
741_501
74
74
74
74
74
LS02
LSO4
LS05
LS08
LS09
74LS10
74 LS 11
74 LS20
74LS21
74LS22
74LS32
74 LS37
74 LS38
74SO4
.25
.35
.35
74 LS42
74 LS51
74 LS74
74 LS86
74 LS90
74 LS93
74 LS 107
74 LS 123
74S05
74S08
74S10
74S11
74S20
74S40
74S50
74S51
74S64
74S74
74S112
745114
.35
.35
.25
.20
.20
.25
.15
.35
.60
.65
74LS40
74LS151
74LS153
74LS157
74LS164
74LS193
74 LS367
74 LS368
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.25
.75
.95
.95
.95
.95
.95
1.25
1.25
LM340K15
1.25
LM340K 18
1.25
LM340K24
.75
78L05
.75
78L12
.75
78L15
.75
78M05
2.95
LM373
LM3801eaa PIN) .95
LM70918.34 PiN1.25
.45
LM711
U.S.A.
7889 Clairemont Mesa Blvd., San Diego, CA 92111
No Minimum
All prices in U.S. dollars. Please add postage to cover method of
shipping. Orders over $100 (U.S.) will be shipped air no charge.
Payment should be submitted with order in U.S. dollars.
All IC's Prime/Guaranteed. All orders shipped same day received.
CTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
74S151
74S153
74S157
.40
.55
.30
.35
.75
.30
1.05
(8123) 1.05
.35
.35
.25
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS UNLIMITED
Phone (714) 278-4394
745133
74S140
74S00
74S02
74S03
MACRO'S, RAMS, CPU'S,

E -PROMS
Darlington
Red, Clear, Yellow

7 seg 5/8" High corn -anode
7 seg corn -anode (Red)
7 seg corn -anode (Orange)
7 seg corn -anode (Yellow)
7 seg com-cathode (Red)
7 seg corn -cathode (Red),
.15
.15
.10
.10
.35
.50
.35
.15
1.95
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.50
1.25
.20
.20
.20
.20
.25
.25
.25
.25
.25
.20
.25
.25
.25
.25
.35
.30
.65
.35
.35
.35
.55
.55
.40
1.00
.75
.75
.75
1.00
.95
.75
.65
LIN EARS, REGULATORS, etc.
.95
3.95
.75
.45
.95
.65
8038
95H03
74176
74180
74181
74182
74190
.25
.30
.35
.40
.55
.75
.75
.55
.25
1.05
.45
.70
.45
.35
.75
.60
.80
1.15
.25
.35
.55
.35
.45
.35
.75
.90
.85
.65
.75
.95
.70
.65
.55
.85
.60
1.10
1.25
.80
74H55
MCT2
9000 SERIE:
2331
7473
7474
7475
7476
7480
.10
.15
.15
.15
.10
.25
.25
.55
.15
.15
.15
.25
.25
.25
.75
.25
.40
.15
.25
.25
.15
.20
.20
.20
.20
1.15
.45
.45
.45
.65
.70
.70
.50
.25
.25
.20
.25
.40
.45
.40
.35
.40
.40
.75
.95
.95
1.25
1.25
Molex pins .01

2 Amp Bridge
.15
.15
.20
3.95
.95
.20
.75
.35
.35
.20
.20
.40
.75
.75
.35
.75
.75
.35
.85
.75
.75
.20
.75
.20
1.95
.35
.75
.35
1.50
2.45
.75
.75
.69
.65
.50
.65
1.25
.45
.45
.55
.25
.25
.30
.30
14.50
4.85
.95
1.90
4001
ww
ww
ww
ww
ww
ww
ww
ww
.20
.20
.20
.25
.35
.35
.45
.50
pcb
pcb
pcb
pcb
pcb
pcb
pcb
pcb
C MOS
4000
TRANSISTORS, LEDS, etc.
SOCKETS/BRIDGES
DIODES/ZENERS
1N914
1N4005
1N4007
1N4148
1N4733
1N753A
1N758A
1N759A
1N 5243
1N 5244B
1 N 5245 B
BarclayCard / Access
- NOVEMBER
978
/ American
Express
.40
LM723
2.50
LM725N
1.50
LM739
LM741 (8-14) .25
LM747
1.10
LM1307
1.25
LM1458
.65
LM3900
.50
.65
LM75451
.35
NE555
.85
NE556
NE565
95
1.25
NE566
.95
NE567
SPECIAL
DISCOUNTS
TO.e Gnae,
Deduct
S35 -S99
5100 - S300
5301 - S1000
10%
15%
20%
/ BankAmericard / Visa / MasterCharge

95
IN4148 Diodes by ITT/Texas 100 for 1.50.^

These are full spec. devices.
Unencoded Hexadecimal 19 keyboard 1-10
ABCDEF. 2 optional keys. Shift key. 12.50.
MM2102 AN -4L 1024 x Bit. 450 nano sec
1
Static Ram.
1.00 each
Display 1.30 each.
4/5.00.
01.125
100/9.00.
Red Leds
Now. a digital multi meter at an analogue

price and look at the
1000v(1 %
40Hz-5kHz
count)
NnrSI
"mein"
%+2
counts)
or 0 2
10 for
1.20.
count)
Tra
RESISTANCE 1020mO
(1 5%+1
Murata Ultrasonic Transducer 2.50 each
27.95 cat with order or E29
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
11V1001 plates drawers there label sl ors 'Dana 2 D have space

mete Bold up to any sow tall net for wa,l bench 0 r table top
95 company
As
supplied to Peal Office. Industry and Oovernmeel Deets
purchase order.
555 Timer. 28p each
4012
4013
4015
4106
4017
4020
4022
4023
dAv
count)
10/2.00.
10/2.50.
14p
16p
14p
14p
50p
90p
40p
90p
100p
90p
4029
4047
4049
4060
4066
4069
4071
4072
4081
4082
4510
4511
'4516
4518
4528
16p
65p
16p
160p
50p
90p
3.95
A.C. Mains adaptor
741 Op Amp 25p each
4001
4007
4011
ea n,
level
S 11x41
iunand components
res moo apecoon. diodes Ire s,slors
etc Byrn plastic units
inl er let\ together
in 5 rnur and h ornnnul co mbinalions
inA-200mA (1%
2112 256 x 4 Bit Static Ram 450 nanosec

2.95 each. 4/11.60. 8/22.60.
4.00 pair.
(5in
deluxe padded carrying case E3.20
304V p309 E10.04

The amazing pocket T V that will
pick up programs throughout the
world, complete with rechargeable

batteries
189.95
Sae (for detailed Brochure ex-stock)
16p
T. POWELL
24 hr_Anhone order service

with ACCESS or BARCLAYCARD No
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Please add B% V.A.T. to total remittance
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0% AC
acc
5% 301-1a-10KHe
1
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wilt, order
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A full range of
ember+ a,Ceeeprfee. (Once& mewl. V AT)

OM 235 meter compete with test leads end prods
4 52.80
Ewre.dy cYrylg can won teed storage compenm5m
f8.95
Berborrgqe blo tottery ones 44.50. AC adaptor;ch.rger 24 OV 50
Irr 43.24. 305 V tetrads probe
4 18.04
We accept govt /company purchase orders on all goods
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Orders over 20. less 5%. Orders over E60 less 71/2%
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Portable 3V digit 6 function

Multimeter
DC volts mV to 000V
AC volts lmV to 750V
AC & DC current 16 A to A
120p
150p
110p
130p
100p
2t/ein
(6D2)
7.90 for 8
EXTRA LARGE SIZE (6D1) 6.90 for
SINCLAIR DM235
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DOUBLE UNITS (2D)

4'/ein x 21/4in ) 5.50 DOZEN
TREBLE (3D) 5.50 for 8
DOUBLE TREBLE 2 drawers, in one outer case
(51n
THE SINCLAIR MICROVISION
110p
100p
40p
120p
55p
20p
16p
Prices Include Post and VAT
darken In Hoeing "mail
D.C. CURRENT
1
,PRICES
v-500v
(1
mv-
t Orr(1 input
-'-L--C-y
"Ilegi._e
spec!
A.C. VOLTS
AY5-1013 UART/T 6.00.
PLASTIC STORAGE ORANE
digital Multimeter
D.C. VOLTS
FND500 Seven Segment Common Cathode
N-
THE SINCLAIR PDM35
Ma
KRAMER
& CO
wit much
dwneeJ
any beret
once o
ah with
owlet here H cornperna, h.. good. re stock
October Floc., Holders Hill Reed , London 5W14 15.1
Tele. 841941 Arm. Knoned 57 T.I. Q1-203 2473
us
n home office
untless
Modern Slim line power p nel countless
factory showrooms Perfectly sale unbeatable Can be mounted
on wall or trailed anywhere in room. Nut rubber baae Smart
PVC outer cover Sleek (3.10. White (3.30, P&P 60p each
Slate cable length required 20p per yard
FLAIRLINE SUPPLIES
(o.pt.ET2O)
124 Cricklewood Broadway, London N.W.2

Telephone 01-450 4844
BLOB BOARD BUILDS BETTER BROJECTS

BHEAPER, BASTER & BEAUTIFULLY BLOB -BOARD
Blob -Board is now available in many
different layouts and sizes to allow the
home constructor to build any project
from the most simple to the most complicated without the need of layout
drawings or having to work out complex
component patterns.
Blob -Boards are normally much cheaper
than existing matrix boards and do not
need any cutting or breaking of contact
rails.
The roller tinned tracks and letter
number identification of holes make
soldering so much easier than non tinned copper boards and make transferring from circuit diagram to Blob Board virtually error free.
Components can be re -used and resoldered making circuit project modifications and amendments fast and cheap.
All Blob -Board packs contain step-bystep instructions of how to build projects and a project booklet. The "IC"
range has a 20 project booklet with easy
to follow circuit diagrams and the "D'
range has a 9 project booklet including
Radio Receiver, Radio Microphone,
Light Operation Switch etc.
IC Range
Bred circuit board BCB4

with project
PB Electronics (Scotland) Ltd

Radwinter Road
Saffron Walden, Essex CB11 3HU
9
96
CODE
ZB5D
ZB6D
ZB7D
SIZE mm
ZB8D
165 x 241
ZB1 IC
114 x 76
ZB2IC
115x78
ZB4 IC
ZB8 IC
BCB 1
BCB 2
BCB 3
127 x 203
254 x 203
BCB 4
125 x 50
ZB4V
ZB4V5
229 x 165
92 x 61
61 x 186
125 x 186
120 x 150
175 x 65
125 x 75
229 x 165
PRICE
0.44
0.85
1.67
2.88
0.66
0.71
1.90
3.69
1.03
0.63
0.54
0.49
2.55
2.55
All prices include VAT

Please add 35p p & p minimum order 3.00
Available from all good component stockists
NOVEMBER 1978
now from
Ambit stoppress....newslow on items
911223
THD/IMD
-mew's/um 4s -
44/1>f
decodere
.K'.' 5TeemaaC-11! ws,*
atiibit
e
rove,
international
Digital frequency readout module

VMOS
and pilot cancel 19.95
...DTI200
muting
tex' wit, post decoder
2 75
zees oses
From the World's lending radio
COUNTER ATTRACTIONS: innovation source:

prone.
vs.e sue- tepatio4c mee C

New this month from Intersil, the ICM 7216. This is
a ited I Inv 91esarr
L._'
for frequency counter/timer applications ever devised It 0'
31
ow D1L maz ens
The
cirque
inputs
of
up
to
10MHz
minimum
and operates on
'rim mrese.re 'sw-large
Leading zero blanking Frequency ratio Period Ulm 'u7'
'me
The IC cost is 19.82, and the 10MHz HC18U Xtal 2.5.0 rte' Tteal
JOE
circuit data is free with the IC, or 1 purchased separatey (emu Demme seen
New from Ambit is the MC3357. 6v 2mA standby NB'ef F sesi=tor me ea
with 10.7 - 455 kHz balanced mixer. onboard oscillator a ce era 54. anarnorm- 7 s
-: .'rte T.l era. sideally suited to our CFM and LFY filter series, and =en
s,aar. H'0rn the MC3357, mentioned alongside, Ambit has the first easy -to -use low noise,
o'. =st UHF dual gate MOSFET - the BF960 from Siemens. With a gain of 18dB, and
a -Noise figure of only 2,8dB at 800MHz, you will see what we mean. At 200 MHz, the
pun is 23dB, and NF only 1.6dB. Combine these figures with the famous ease of use of a
no-ag gate MOSFET, and you have the easiest and most effective front end device yet.
Fwd'
that OSTS prices exclude VAT at 83: 7:-_-,_9-a.ambit items are at 12'5% except those marken ' -.ear n,
although a single combined payment, and 25p r_s--- -.a,7
Please note
cD4000 [m05
4000
17p
17p
17p
109p
18p
4001
4002
4006
4007
4008
4009
4010
80p
58p
58p
17p
17p
55p
4011
4012
4013
4016
4018
4019
4020
4021
4022
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
4029
4030
4031
4032
4033
4034
4035
4036
4037
4038
4039
4040
4041
4042
4043
4044
4045
4046
4047
4048
4049
4050
41351
4052
4053
4054
4055
4059
4060
4063
4066
4067
4068
4069
4070
4071
4072
4073
80p 14276
80p
4077
60p
4078
4081
93p
4082
82p
4085
90p
17p
4086
76p
4089
175
17p
4093
4094
180p
4096
55p
4097
72p
4098
100e
58p I 4099
4160
250e
4161
100p
4162
145p
200p 1410.3
4174
120e
4175
250p
4194
100p
4501
105p
4502
2505
4503
83p
4506
90p
4507
85p
4508
85p
4510
80p
150p 4511
1304 4512
990
554
554
65p
650
65p
120p
1354
4513
4514
4515
4516
563p 14522
115p 4527
109p 4528
53p
4529
400p 4530
25p 4531
20p 4532
20p 14534
20p 4536
20p 4538
20p 4539
190p
105p
90p
905
90p
90p
104p
95p
95p
23p
Loa PriiCES
*Lei
7_
336c
'-
2- -
1c
69p
51p
II
Os s+1oa
Lap01AH
LM30fAr.
LM306N
LM306M
LM318H
L.43+9er
1094
'LSW
13
7401
13
14
14
14
18
38
38
17
17
15
20
17
30
7402
7403
7404
7405
7406
7407
7408
7409
7410
7411
7412
7413
7414
7415
7416
7417
.420
51
-427
7428
'432
25
7433
40
40
'422
7423
'425
7426
17
'437
33
17
-441
74
.442
70
115
112
94
94
82
56
-41ie
7403
-ms
_rt'
24
24
24
24
24
52
130
24
17
17
17
17
24
24
24
27
29
32
24
24
32
24
24
24
7475
7476
7478
7480
7481
7482
7483A
7484
7485
7486
7489
7490
7491
7492
7493
7494
7495A
7496
7497
74100
74104
74105
74107
74109
74110
74111
99
99
99
74112
74113
74114
74116
74118
74119
74120
74121
74122
74123
74124
24 74125
24
35
17
85p
E3.87
28
28
32
27
38
37
74126
74128
74132
74133
74176
74138
3B 74139
40
74141
74142
741
7414
74145
74147
74148
74150
48
86
69
97
104
205
33
76
38
32
78
65
58
185
119
63
62
32
63
54
68
88
99
40
74151
74153
74154
90 :74155
74156
74157
74158
74159
99 74160
110
78
99
120
74161
74162
74163
74164
74165
198
83
119
115
25
74166
74167
74168
74169
74170
74172
74173
74174
74175
74176
74177
74180
46
74181
48
74182
74183
44 74184
38
38
38
38
313
KB4a0S
584412
-
6.5p
44
57
74
73
78
29
40
60
60
56
265
312
312
-
175
109
99
64
64
96
54
80
67
210
82
92
92
92
84
54
110
110
55
60
130
78
130
78
104
105
20
230
625
170
87
87
75
78
85
165
160
135
200
200
displays
reel
CA
Chokes
ebb3 red CC
7660
7663
7670
7673
yNlow CA
yellow CC
233p
green CA
amen CC
5082- 7730 red CA

5082- 7740 red CC
0 5" Fairchild
FND500 red CC
FND507 red CA
}147p
150p
150p
enc*;Ijstedin
pAll
'LSN'
74185
74188
74190
74191
74192
74193
74194
74195
74196
74197
74198
74199
74248
74251
74253
74257
74279
74283
74290
74295
74298
74258
74260
74365
74366
74367
74368
74375
74379
74399
74445
74447
74490
74668
134
275
92
180
180
187
137
110
110
NEF465
NE556
NE558
LM3909
1109000
& display E9.50
ICM7207
pulse IC
I
clock
E4.95
CM7208 -count
& display 14.95
ICL7106CP-LCD
DVM IC
KIT,
9.55
24.80
LED DVM wnh

ICL7107 20,66
90
overspill
90 tA e remainder of the
105 Kr awns not OSTS
108 V. snap diodes
52 V AT 12.5%
1120 e A102
30p
32p
90 s A121
30p
'120 n -T210
40p
81058
e
100
45p
81046
5
110
200p
.B131048
5
26 5e VAM2
14e6
49
VAM115 105p
49
IVAM125 105p
43
etching toe mox
25p
6 diodes
49
er diode 11%l
60
275p
130 K V1210
Ambit
IN
switching
150
V AT 12.5%
92
8 A479 pin 35p
90
Ia1061 pi -network
140
aenuator
95p
110 8 A182 bandswitch
&
B8R3132A Bpole linear phase 10 7MHz
3.7s
MPX pilot tone filters for 19 & 38kHz
94
20
2 75
0 75
00
1
25
2 bal . mixers49c/polo'/Ooub cony

am/fm/ss b del. ARC. NL, mute
255
3mV min processes p rearm
2 55
FM noise blankerayssem.
K84423
Awlq preemM
81
.41,8 high gain/low IND
LM381
0 99
LM1303
stereo audio optimized OA
1 95
high quality with alt option
TDA1054
see above
KB4417
Audio Power loam
1.19
TBABIOAS 7W RMS overload protected
1.95
TDA2002
8W/2S2 in pentawalt package
15W RMS hifi power dc coupled 2-96
TDA2020
1.80
10W higher voltage 810
TCA940
ULN2283
1W 2 5 to 12 v supply capability 1.00
LM380N8
1W power
1.00
100
LM380N14 25W power
HiFi 15w in easy heatsink pack
HA1370
299
Stereo Decoder Devices
MC1310/KB4400 original pli decoder
220
CA3090AQ RCA's pli decoder
325
uA758
Buffered version of 1310
220
LM1307/uA707 non all type
55
HA1196 advanced adj sep pli low the
995
HA11223 newpilot cancel low the/imd
4 35
All ambit decoders are supplied with the LEO
beacon of your choice Please state colour.
Pismo
semiconductors
Sons. of the biggest stocks of specialist MOS and

FET transistors for radio in the UK
4310
55p' 40822
BF900
80p' 40673
40823
51p' MEM680 75p' BF256S 34p
Most types for most RF circuitry, Inc new
UHF T package types etc See price list
Hitachi VMOS 100W power darks

Hitachi 2SK134 /2SJ48 100W comp
VMOS. Data and circuit info 1, and the
devices themselves for 14 00 a pair
qua
17p
14p
Yellow
20p
15e
Green
20p
16p
29p/heL
Orange
24p /he
he high efficiency L= lens end
AMBIT 7In. the w.. value ...

5 dia
2.5d0
Imml 2.5x5
eiRaU Found
LED size
RED
1410
1510
16p
17p
ode
3for
2110
150e
350 8429 dwide h y 100

n is ready (about
to 150MHr 4.20p
t o. wear
210 95HCODC 320M1.14
rand 45p to mom
divide by ten J 804 . copy
BLR3107N Stereo 4k7 impedance

Stereo 3k3 impedance
BLR2007
Mono 4k7 impedance
8LR3152
Mono 4k7/3k0 imp
BLR3157
250p
215g
220E
100p
100p
AM/FM/SSB IF FILTERS
2 4kHz se /455kHz carrier
l ,n l MFL series
Z222
9.
5.
se
tail
Switch Systems- Check our combinations

4 very wide selection of 80TH Alps SU6
series units, (Schadow/AB/Oreor compatible) &

the miniature Dialistat units Available in DIY
systems for maximum flexibility and low cost.
And Finally
Further details of these, and many more of

the wonders of the world of wireless in the
30p
Poe lests for the
new Ambit catalogue - with magazine supp78p
next issue of the
180p
c.11o,ue now calve lement 45p inc pp etc
72p
Phone (0277).216029/227050 9am7pm
-hooked'
for
den
400p
patch immediately
callers welcome anytime
MISCELL ENY
110
1.91
IICM7217 mum
105
105
105
95
99
85
150
160
120
16p
19p
33p
FM IF FILTERS ceramic and linear phase

CFSE/SFE10 7 stereo ceramic IF 107MHz
filters in 5 groups
50p
50p
CFSB10 7
ono/roofing IF filter
0 50
2 55
2 75
KB4413
KB4417
Most El 2 values ex stock, any to order

7BA serres
luH to 1mH
BRB se
100uH to 33mH
tORB series 33mH to 120mH
1.35
6 86'
ienqll9er
from 20p
- 200MHz
biggest range/biggest stocks
Ultra stable coils for 30
0.3" Standard HP
'LSN'
N'
es
7650
Srhottkli
LP
seg
synch AM demodulator
precision 4 quad multiplier
popular double balanced mixer
33p
80p
..
1.95
95
3 35
40
1.40
agc IF amp
I Communieeli9murcum
0.43" High Efficiency HP:

508250825082508250825082-
have used in our own laboratory tests

edio heyvertey v 'noun oeNl4lot41
A1082
oCro VHF Root end gnem
TDA1083/ULN2204 am/fm/audio In one IC
TDA1090/ULN2242 am/fm hifi tuner system
HA1197
LF/30MHz are receiver system
CA3123E/uA720 LF/30MHz linear system
TBA651
LF/30MHz linear system
DMOS RF/Mixer pair
SD6000
IIF amplifiers
CA30139E/1484402 fnmaw FM II`-syMam
HA1137W/K 4420 as 3099+ deviation mute
update with deviation mute
CA3189E
TBA120a/SN76660N FM if and detector
hi gain version TBA120
TBA1205
II MCI 350P
IMC133OP
MC1495L
MC1496F
e19
cas
710PC 4.1
5914
723CN
870 741CH m5 tSp
68p
edit 27o
21y 741CN
747CN
70o
97p
279, 748CN
NE5311
i
2249 NE531N
1058
24
175p
SB, 710HC 105
'N'
7455
7460
7463
7470
7472
7473
7474
30
30
16
29
24
27
27
36
27
35
7421
20
20
20
20
24
26
l'
iVbp
x7nneclo1
71p
66p
'_4348N
186p
60p
33c:' -V3900N
'-2=1 709HC to5 64p
xis 7QPC dr1 384
AND
TL4standard '1.5N'
7400
EEC
yx
Wr907
125o
235e
_.4- _.t3395
W198E
Another new range in 10mm
GMH, Cem,c IF sound Ihr

I...r
.....moloeo ver colts tull catalogue top
..r__n__ m...
Rob;
175p
F,LTERS FOR NOISE)RFI
c_-._-
30c
C:.343E
Cy34.3.-
300,
4521
art
'
c
S4-
C,y3131,r-
149p
9B9
2064
260p
1034
578
all LVp
all 35D
YrP
:X p-ec+:.^ sntrolNr
I
CA3s.3-E
248p
4518
4519
4520
502
914405
TV rides and sound *Fs/detgotore
rsaaw;Humu;uunuus
all 854
'814CsT2C'Swo adllnlable 00 Its

, c na
-4 oulua.eure ruts
7rx
'
cow lA
TOQPo
.270 woo 3AhlfatabM VIYA
53Y
'
t3C
'JnL.Cso* liYBpe.arags
-t: J:raeTOQ Wilke
3$
38$
a,-
OA
Voltage Regs
153c
Y3L
I-3 -'.c
33p
Now two ranges of .mped.nc./coupImg ea 33p
(Only the very best quality - and only types
443-55
4569
4572
4580
306
-x3C
;6r 5g,ncs
IIII.:
II
10,Mit
Shon Wave Coils feu
Stock movement 200uA/7505-1.. The 930 series

is 5% hnear. others are 77uA et 50% FSD These
and many others evailabr4 in uuanlity fo OEM,
SAE ter toil aale deraiN bee. Mot in caLl
20
0151.07
namer
LII1EAR5Y
_V324N
91,p_
relative price stability,

that some prices are increased as a direct result of the failure of versus
stronger trading currencies. (Mainly Yen)
7 R lnmm IFT. in. AM/FM - hoot ac
455/470kHr
moat typa of .ppcne
300
b`_ ti.ar-ruent
vr_CE3G'.
6.3.
232
EC
3990
4568
=-
'13 .eEYoiS.
c: MY
-
174c14
4585
382,
-_
EL
period of
please note
ecm'
l,
1100
4582
4583
4584
Coils & Filters by TOKO

After
Ambit offers a very wide range of low cost

meters, together with the unique 'Meter
sea 7 era :,ate wrr_r.
Made' scale system for professional grade
v
el
scale customizing:
me s:.: c
=
Ce.i.a
Seale Area illnminatinn
noes
2RdCES 900
14x31mm internal 12r
250p
S LASH ED 920
30s50mm from behind 2764
930
36K63mm Internal tie
3750
940 twin 35x45mrn from behind 350p
4-1
950
55x45mm from behind 300p
63
rX-Y rE.-----5
_ _ -4
614p
3800
4581
451]
53:
SZCos
141P
125p
4562
4566
122p
6800 sir -em
4561
372p
110p
nrr
rill [tOEnglirkPt
149p
157p
1020
141p
90p
905 14543
20p 4549
20p 4553
20p
4554
20p 4556
82p 4557
82p
4558
150p
4559
50p
4560
rrr
60 each
Moving Coil Meters
1195p
195p
MFH series 4/5/7kHz 8W on 455kHz
165p
MFK series 7/9kHz BW on 455kHz
LFY455D 12kHz 4 ele ladder on 455kHz 125p
CFM2455 6kHz micro mechanical
65p
85p
0010
SFD455/470kHz murata
SFD455/47UkHz
murate IF filter
r FT455R/C R/RkHa min + SIFT,
50e
86p
CFW]0C kHx on 4705Hx
Ratio Deunon for FM/N8FM

455kHz ratio der
1A651/7
KAN1508/9 10.7MHz ratio detector

94ACS15106/7 10.7MHz ratio detector
135p
66p
66p
Quadrature detectors for CA3089E etc

single
33o
KACSK586HM
KAC53434213
double
FDlyterieon toning
esteem
660
+
trimmen
2A70577 71.265;,F AM
C5222171 2x3354 AM
2429pF FM
CV23217PX 2,3368F AM
3420pF FM 12 tnmmerel
950
1750
2450
Tuner Modules
From the biggest and best range...
TUNERHEADS for 88-108MHz band 2 (caricapl
EF5803
EF5801
EF5600
EF5400
cct, 3 MOSFETs, amp. osc

cet, 2 MOSFETs, osc op
Sect, MOSFET RF, by TOKO
4oes balanced mixer/pin agc
acct FET input miniature
6
6
19
75
1745
1495
975
8.25
TUNERSETS by LARSHOLT /head+IF)
26 50
Dual MOS head/low dist IF
7252
26 50
FET head, mpx decoder inc
7253
IF AMPLIFIERS all with deviation mute, agc,
ak, merer 4nyer err
HIOaIn dual canml,hhn
696
7020
10 95
Mos preamp, linear phase filter
7030
16.25
2 mos preamps, 3 Iptilters
7130
9.95
455/470kliz NBFM module
NBFM1
'--n reed
MYX decoders, alt worn pilot tone room
buffer amplifiers for min 300mV RMS
6.95
1310 based system
92310
8.85
93090
3090 AO based system
1299
HA1196 based + birdy filter
91196
+
+
91196B HA1196 based birdy filter
2 x LM380 audio monitor amps 16 45
12 50
HA11223 based system
911223
EC3302
AM RADIO The original MW/LW varicap

91197
11 85
tuner with electronic switch
13 22
9122
The unlband tuner module
AM FM RADIO UNITS
Using TDA1083, provides a complete
71083
MW/LW/FM portable radio chassis
r. 75
for clock radio etc
71083D Drive/dial system for 71083
SPECIALS: TUNERHEADs in the range
40-200MHz to special order
The EF5803 and EF5400 are available to
cover bands in the region described The costs
depend on quantity and actual mods required to
cover the desired band. Max coverage approa
20% of centre frequency selected Also, please
allow 3-5 weeks delivery for these items
Gresham Road, Brentwood, Essex. J
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All prices INCLUDE
overseas(.
10-.
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Over
TOTAL AMPLIFICATION FROM

WE NOW OFFER THE WIDEST RANGE OF SOUND
PRODUCTS
CRIMSON ELEKTRIK
STEREO PRE -AMPLIFIERS
POWER SUPPLIES
We produce sortable power supplies which
use
superb TOROIDAL Iransfr.rmers only 50mm
120-240 primary and single bolt fenny
high with
Includes capacitors/bridge
readier)
MC I
CPR
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ear y two Ol Oui 00nne amp mod ores plus a power
s contemporarily styled and n
Nualdv is Inns0en I witA that Ol our omen
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bien a nove In bulle It wt th Cenlldence ,n
CPR
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TM suelel.nrne of tho Cnn ,

superb 40d1 ran touenem eon,
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untult Ira Ilned intot n no prolneon to,u5.tole
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CPR
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POWER AMPLIFIER M GOULES

CE608
60W/8 ohms 35.0 35v
CE 1004 100W/4 ohms 35.0.3W
CE 1008 100W,'8 ohms 454146.
CE 1704 1 709/4 ohms 464-45v
CE 1706170W/ ohms 600.600
MC
TOROIDAL POWER
PS oOe
608v6UPPLlEa
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In,?].
PRE -PRE -AMPLIFIER
Stable for nearly all
5000061 rane
CPS?
Sensilwety 70 / 170uT swelcheble

signals horn (he now ponuler mw
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a 9V battery or from our REG
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REG
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PRE -AMPLIFIER
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provides 15-0-15v to power the CPR
power amp supplies or our small
transformer TR 6
and MC
It can be used wlrh any or our
The power amp krl will accommodate et
1
POWER AMPLIFIERS
world be pnmtlaae IS he m ad Impel e

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CRIMSON ELEKTRIK
C1.21
11(0.A amen
05.40
14 STAMFORD STREET, LEICESTER

LEI 6NLL Tel (0633) 537722
19
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74197
NOVEMBER 1978
Understanding Digital Electronics

New teach -yourself courses
DAP of
In the years ahead the products of digital electronics

technology will play
an important pan in your life. Calculators and digital watches are
already
pi8kr fysens
Book
:-.
commonplace. Tomorrow a digital display could show your vehicle

speed and petrol consumption; you could be calling people by
entering
their name into a telephone which would automatically look up their,
number and dial it for you.
These courses were written by experts in electronics and learning

systems so that you could teach yourself the theory and application of
digital lo gic. Learning by self -instruction has the advent ages of being
faster and more thorough than classroom learning. You work at
your
own pace and must respond by answering questions on each new piece
of information before proceeding.
Design ci
Syskons
....r.._
Book 6
cz
After completing these courses you will have broadened your career
prospects and increased your fundamental understanding of the rapidly
changing technological world around you.

The six volumes of Design of
Digital Systems cost only:
And the four volumes of

Digital Computer Logic and
Electronics cost only:
8.10
a
4.60
12.00
The contents of Design of Digital Systems include:

Book 1 Octal, hexadecimal and binary number systems:
conversine
oetween number systems. representation of negative numbers
complementary systems; binary multiplication and division.
Book 2 OR and AND functions. logic gates. NOT, extustve OR.
NANO, NOR and exclusive -NOR functions; multiple input gates:
truth
ables, De Morgans Laws; canonical forms; logic conventions:
MON Ceeputer
red
Digit
ElL
ono
Computer
shown. All that students require is an aptitude for

logical thought Size: A5, 130 pages This book is
MUST for those with things to say
2.95
Cambridge Learning Enterprises, Unit 12, Rivermill Site,

Freepost, St Ives, Huntingdon, Cambs PE1 7 4BR
_-ws: design of logic circuits using NOR gates;
R -S
Dreary counters, shift registers and half adders.
and J -K flip flops;
CAMBRIDGE LEARNING ENTERPRISES, UNIT 12, RIVERMILL SITE,

11182POST. ST. IVES, HUNTINGDON, CAMBS. PE17 4BR, ENGLAND
TELE PHONE: ST. IVES (0480)67446
PROPRIETORS: DRAYRIDGE LTD. REG - OFFICE RIVERMILL
LODGE, ST. IVES
REGD. IN ENGLAND Na 1328762
included
sets Design of Digital Systems @ 9 00, p. & p
is
xutive, scientist, student, engineer.

Contents include: Binary, octal and decimal number systems;
NOVEMBER 1978
--
England
Please send me the following books:
- sets -Digital Computer Logic & Electronics
@ 5 50, p & p
the student should have an aptitude for logical thought. It consists

four rclumes
each A4 size
and serves as an introduction to the
2lect or oigitai electronics. Everyone can learn from it
designer,
+ 45p post & packing by surface

mail anywhere in the world. Airmail
extra.
GUARANTEE
If you are not entirely satisfied your money will
be refunded
-
extra
THE ALGORITHM WRITERS GUIDE explains how

to define the questions, put them in t he best order
and draw the flow chart, with numerous examples
vet.' Computer Logic and Electronics is designed for the beginner

-athematical k"iiwvicuyc
simple arithmetic
assumed,
i
- Airmail
safety procedures, government legislation, office

procedures, teaching materials and computer
programs by means of YES and NO answers to
questions
Ers
-g
+1 post &
packing
HELP YOU PRESENT
1df1
Flow Charts & Algorithms.
.carnaugh mapping: three -state and wi.ed logic.

Book 3 Half adders and full adders: subtractors; serial and parallel
adders: processors and arithmetic logic units (ALUs); multiplication
and division systems.
B ook 4 Flip flops: shift registers: asynchronous and
synchronous
counters; ring, Johnson and exclusive-OR feedback counters: random
access memories (RAMs) and read only memories (ROM s)
B ook 5 Structure of calculators, keyboard encoding; decoding
display
ciata: register systems: control unit; program ROM: address
decoding:
-etruction sets; instruction decoding. control program structure.
Book B Central processing unit (CPU); memory organisation,
iaracter representation: program storage; address modes: input/
litrsds
&
packing
s.
Design of digital Systems is written for the engineer seeking to learn 'But if you buy both courses,
more about digital electronics Its six volumes
each A4 size
are the total cost is only:
packed with information, diagrams and questions designed to lead you
step-by-step through number systems and Boolean algebra to Price includes surface mail anywhere in the world
memories, counters and simple arithmetic circuits. and finally to a
complete understanding of the design and operation of calculators anti
computers.
+90p post
nrbtded
Name
Address
enclose a "cheque/PO payable to Cambridge Learning Enterprises for E

I
Please charge my "Access/ Barclaycard/Visa /Eurocard

Mastercharge/ interbank account number
Signature,
'deleted as approonate
Telephone orders from credit card holders accepted on 04.8
67446 (ansafone). Overseas customers should send a bank dra'sterling drawn on a London Bank.
-
The latest kit
innovation!
GREENWEL
$01 OI-tX` Tel:[q71231 7 '?2501
All prices quoted include VAT. Add 25p UK/BFPO Postage. Most orders
despatched on day of receipt. SAE with enquiries please. MINIMUM ORDER
VALUE 1. Official orders accepted from schools, etc. (Minimum invoice charge
5). Export/Wholesale enquiries welcome. Wholesale list now available for
bona -fide traders. Surplus components always wanted.
BUY A COMPLETE
RANGE OF
COMPONENTS AND
TH ESE PACKS WILL
HELP YOU
*
*
*
SAVE ON TIME -No delays in

waiting for parts to come or shops to
open!
SAVE ON MONEY
Bulk buying
means lowest prices just compare
with others!
HAVE THE RIGHT PART
No
--
guesswork
necessary!
substitution
or
ALL PACKS CONTAIN FULL SPEC BRAND
NEW, MARKED DEVICES

SENT BY
RETURN OF POST VAT INCLUSIVE
PRICES
K001 50V ceramic plate capacitors, 5% 10

of each value 22pF to 1000pF Total 210,
3.35
K002 Extended range, 22pF to 0 l p F 330
values 4.90
K003 Polyester capacitors, 10 each of these
the quickest fitting
CLIP ON
values 0 01, 0 015, 0 022, 0 033, 0 047,
0068, 01, 015, 022, 033, 047uF

110 altogether for 4.75
capacitive discharge
electronic ignition
K004 Mylar capacitors, min 100V type 10

each all values from 1000pF to 10,000pF
Total 30 for 3.75
K009. Extended mylar pack Contains all
values from 1000pF to 0 471, F Total 290
capacitors to 11.25
K005 Polystyrene capacitors, 10 each value
from 10pF to 10,000pF, E12 Series 5%
160V Total 370 for 12.30
K006 Tantalum bead capacitors 10 each of
the following 0 1. 0 1 5, 0 22, 0 33, 0 47,
0 68, 1, 2 2, 3 3, 4 7, 6 8, all 35V;
1
in KIT FORM
Smoother running
Instant all-weather starting
7/
Continual peak performance

Longer coil/battery/plug life
Improved acceleration/top speeds
Optimum fuel consumption
10/25, 15/16 22/16 33/10 47/6
100/3
Total 170 tants for 14.20

K007 Electrolytic capacitors 25V working,
small physical size 10 each of these popular

values 1, 2 2, 4 7, 10, 22, 47, 100p F
Total 70 for 3.50
K008 Extended range,
as above, also
including 220, 470 and 1000 F Total 100
for 5.90
K021 Miniature carbon film 5% resistors,
CR25 or similar 10 of each value from 1OR
to 1M, E12 series Total 610 resistors
Sparkrite X9 is a high performance, high quality capacitive discharge, electronic

ignition system in kit form. Tried, tested, proven, reliable and complete. It can be
assembled in two or three hours and fitted in / 3 mies.
Became ut tire superb design 01 re Sparest, circuit it completely eliminates
problems o1 the contact breaker There is no mist,. due to contact breaker
bounce which u eliminated electronically by a pulse suppression circuit which
prevents the unit bring it the points bounce open at high R P M Contact brea ker
nurn is eliminated by reducing the current to about t .50th of the norm. Il will
perform equally well with new, old, or even badly pitted points and is not
dependent upon the dwell time of the contact breakers for recharging the system
Sparkrite incorporates a short circuit protected inverter which eliminates the
Problems or SCR lock on and, therefor,. e liminates the possibility of blowrng the
transistors or the SCR. Most capacitryedi scharge gobions we not compete ly
foolproof in this respect) The circuit moor porates a voltage regulated output for
greatly improved cold starting The Cucuit includes built In static teeing light.
systems function light, and Security chang cover sw itch All kits 1,1 sehgles ed ith
co
stributor ignition up to 8 cylmdert
1
6.00
K022 Extended range, total 850 resistors

from 1R to 0M 8.30
K041 Zener diodes, 400mW 5% 8ZY88
1
etc 10 of each value from 27V to 36V, E24

series Total 280 for 15.30
K042 As above but 5 of each value 8.70
STEREO AMPLIFIER
CHASSIS 5.50
Complete and ready built Controls Bass,

treble volume/on-off, balance 8 transistor
circuit gives 2 watts per channel output Just
needs transformer and speakers for low cost
stereo amp Suitable filet al cabinet (W374)
2.00
or buy the am p, case and transformer for E10,00 and get DIN speaker
lockets and knobs I reed
THE KIT COMPRISES EVERYTHING NEEDED

Die pressed epo ry coated case Ready drilled. aluminium eat coed
rrx an d heat
sink, coil mount mg clips and accessories. Top quality 5 year guaranteed
transformer and components. cables. connectors. P.0-8 huts. godsend silicon
grease. Full instructions to assemble kit neg or pos earth and fully illustrated
installation instructions.
AMPLIFIER KIT 1.75
NOTE-Vehicles with current impulse tachometers (Smiths code on dial V

will require a tachometer pulse slave unit Price 3 35 inc VAT post & packing
1
Mono gen purpose amp with tone and

vol /on -off controls Utilizes sim circuitry to
above amp Output 2Winto 8 ohms Input
matched for crystal cartridge 4 transistor
circuit
Fct0c
Bath Street. Walsall. WS1 3DE
s
Design Associates. Dept.
Simple to build on PCB provided

Can be either battery or mains operated (Fur
mains powered version add 2.20 for

suitable transformer) Blue vinyl covered
aluminium case to suit (W372) 1.30.
ET 10
Phone. (9) 614791
Name
1
1
Special Offer for quantity users. 1k .035 +

VAT, 5k .032 + VAT Price negotiable on
10k + approx 80k available
Phone your order with Access or Barclaycard

VAT
QUANTITY REUT)
REIN
and PP
K4 KIT
Send SAE If 51005$s
tie
endear OequePO's toi
14.95
TACHS PULSE SLAVE UNIT
L.
100
BC182B OFFER
Address
Inc
3.35
Cheque
eque ND
443 Milarook Fined Southampton
PC ETCHING
matt
KIT MK III
Now contains 200 sq ins copper clad

board, 1lb Ferric Chloride, DALO etch -resist
pen, abrasive cleaner, two miniature drill
bits, etching dish and instructions 4.25.
EDGE CONNECTORS
Special purchase of these 0

pitch
double -sided gold-plated connectors enables us to offer them at less than one-third
of their original list price'
18 way 41p; 21 way 47p; 32 way 72p; 40
way 90p.
1
11111
THE NEW 1978-9

GREENWELD
CATALOGUE
FEATURES INCLUDE:
* 50p Discount Vouchers
* Quantity prices for bulk buyers
* Bargain List Supplement
Reply Paid Envelope

Priority Order Form
VAT inclusive prices
Price 30p+1 5p Post
*
*
HEAT SINK OFFER
Copper TO5 sink 7mm dia x 20mm 10 for

40p; 100 for3; 1,000 for 25.
1
74 SERIES PACK
Selection of boards containing many different 74 series ICs 20 for 1; 50 for

2.20; 100 for 4.
TMS4030 RAM
4096 bit dynamic RAM with 300ns access

time; 470ns cycle nine, sing le low capacitance high level clo ck is p Ful ly TTL compatible; Low power d isslpation Supplied with
data 2.75.
MISCELLANEOUS ICs
Supplied with data if requested MC3302

quad comp. 120p; 710 diff comp (T099)
40p; ZN1034E precision timer 2.25;

LM 711 Dual diff comp 65p; LM1303 dual
stereo pre -amp 75p; MC1469R voltage reg
1.50; UPC1025H audio 3.50; 575C2

audio 2.88; TDA2640 audio 2.92;
TBA810S audio 70p; SN75110 dual line
driver 70p; MC8500 CRCC gen POA
EXPERIMENTERS
CALCULATOR
Based on the C500 chip, this pack of parts
enables the more experienced constructor to

make an 8 digit 4 function calculator The
comprehensive data supplied includes fullsize layout of PCB required, types of suitable
display and keyboard that can be used etc
Components included in the pack are C500
calculator chip, driver IC all components for
inverter/clock circuits, Rs Cs etc All for only
3.50.
RELAYS
W847 Low profile
PC mntg 10 x 33 x 20mm
6V coil, SPCO 3A contacts 93p.
WB32 Sub min type, 10 x 19 x 10mm 12V
coil DPCO 2A contacts 1.15
W701 6V SPCO 1A contacts 20 z 30 x
25mm Only 56p.

W817 11 pin plug in relay; rated 24V AC,
but works well on 6V DC Contacts 3 pole
c/o rated 10A 95p.
W819 12V 125OR DPCO lA contacts Size
29 x 22, lime. ,Til, plug w type 72 P.
W83 R 50V ac (24V !Xi coil 11 pin plug -in
type 3 pole c/ o 10A COolaCts Only B 5p.
W 84 O Open COnflruCtidn malns relay. 3 sets
1OA ,_ o contacts. (1.20.
Send SAE for our relay list
84 types listed
and illustrated
1
LOW COST PLASTIC BOXES

Made
in high impact ABS The lids are

retained by 4 screws into brass inserts Interior of box has PCB guide slots (except
V219).
V210 80x62x4Omm black
V213
100x75x40mm black
V216
20x100x45mm black
V219
120x100x45mm white
58p
72p
86p
86p
SPECIAL SUMMER OFFERS

Audio
1.40
1.00
80p
76003N
76023N
LM380
ICs
76013N
76033N
TBA810S
1.00
1.40
90p
Linear ICs etc.

18p
BD131
25p
BD132
2p
2N3819
741(8DIL)
555
1N4148
24p
28p
18p
DIODE SCOOP!!!
We ha vo been lonunata to obtain a
la
rge
quantit y of untested ngspy unmarked gi ass

silicon diodes teeing a sample be tch
reveale d about 70% iaeable devices signal diodes, high voltage rets and zeners
may all be included. These are being offered
at the incredibly low price of 1.25/1,000
or a bag of 2,500 for

10 000 8. Box of 25,000
100,000 60.
2.25. Bag of
17.50. Box of
- NOVEMBER 1978
Buying Guide
ECTRWKLEEE
Section 5
Practical Electronics and Everyday Electronics, so that the

complete senile will be available e ach month. In this way, no
matter which pu mals you read, BY DETACHING AND SAVING
THESE PAGES, YOU WILL HAVE A VALUABLE AN D COMPREHENSIVE MONEY SAVING CATALOGUE. Next month
Section One.
have bought front us before, you will knew lust how large
varied our stocks ere. For those who have yet to know, we
publishing a series of five edvertisem ants month by month to
up to date information end prices on the most Important
we carry. These advertisements will appear in slapped
E.T.L. Elektor. Practical Wireless,
ion in five journals
tapped at 12, 15 20, 24V

GP501 50V lA
tapped 19,25,33,40V
GP502 50V 2A
tapped 19,25,33,40V
GP601 60V lA
tapped 24,30,40,48V
GP602 50V 2A
tapped 24,30,40,48V
50TS 50V 2A
tapped 25,45V
Pri/sec shield
8pN
(4.7511
4.7511
4.7511
4.7511
E2.35N
4.60
4.30
6.30
4.60
6.70
CT1 17V 1A charger duty tapped

2.95
9V
CT2 1 7V 2A charger duty tapped
3.25
at 9V
CT4 17V 4A charger duty 3.85
2.45
5A
FT1 6 3V
2.30
GP12 12V 1 5A
Miniature
LT700
K2
C T
Sec
2n
39p
6.55
stub
E1.90N
E1.90N
lead for HMS

(5.7011
5.7011
Solder Kn In presentee.
MEIN
oder kit m wallet
7.5011
=IPES
IIIS
,, a!!
it
ranges free on
U X.
aver f5 list
_c_ 27p handling
--T_
DISCOUNTS on
list
- __- where
where list
=
i 45
B14
MATERIALS
COPPER CLAD BOARD 300
1
MINIATURE CONTINENTAL
x
50mm
Single Sided
SR BP 85p; Fibreglass
Double sided SRBP
REED RELAYS
RELAYS
PRINTED CIRCUIT
1.65
1.00
UNCLAD SRBP 300 x 150mm

56p
FERRIC CHLORIDE, Lab grade
100gm pack 47p; 500gm jar
2.30
POSITI V-20 Aerosol, 75cc with
instructions
1.30
ETCH RESIST PEN
Decon with spare tip
85p
73 00 63 00
SILVER CONDUCTIVE PAINT
3gm vial Elecolit 340
TYPE
Type R42 12V 185n 2 C/01.80
Type R44 12V 185n 4 C/02.00
97p
PC socket type P40
88p
Ordinary wiring skt W40
Mounting strip 6 posn R40 26p
PIGMY MAINS RELAY
C/0
10 amp 6V 29n, 12V 110n, 24V
475n
all d
each 2.30
240V
a c
8200n coil
2.55
ay- xs:-uction
5V 106n CSAE
909
12V 645n CSA'2s^ce- c90p

5V 57n CDA5 do..c;e ^ c 1.28
2V320n CDA '2 oc .b -e r o
1
1.19
REED RELAYS e_-oosed type

LPS1 2 sing''e
LP01
590^
double 355,
98p
1.32
LATCHING RELAYS enclosed

n
CLAS 5V =00^
CLA12 12', 225-
MEET US AT BREADBOARD 78
S'412
2.30
2.30
1.921.68 2.20
NEW
99aWA
m9
mN
,.AOn
0<
p JJ
9 D
en
OI
m
Ui
9999
*V.A.T.-
8% to value of order
For items marked ', add 121/2%
*FOR ACCESS OR BARCLAYCARD orders, just phone or write

your number.
No discounts allowable on prices

marked Net or N
mm
a c
56p
61p
SP
Sub -Miniature 250V 2A
64p
77p
577
11
a c
25"
63p
84p
011 SPDO T
57201 DPDT
S7203 DPDT
84p
centre -off
S7205 DPDT
sideebiased
1.20
DPDT biased
one side
1.51
S7207ach
57211 SP 3 -way
S7301 3PDT
57401 4PDT
E7.100
1.42
1.80
MICROSWITCHES SPDT
55001 button, lever or roller 85p
TIME SWITCHES (Smith's)
For electrical use, 13A rating
IMERSET for wired -in
situations, 2 on & 2 off actions per
day
11.60N
AUTOSET 13A socket outlet
TEAR OUT AND TAKE GOOD

CARE OF THIS PAGE AND
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NEXT MONTH S ADVERTISEMENT TO ADD TO IT
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TAKES GOOD CARE OF YOUR
ORDER NO MATTER HOW LARGE
OR
-'-e MERCHANDISE
o
M
na
5A
Otherwise as Imerset
SENT POST FREE
f 9j
Orn.4229
CI)
>_,Z
W
m
99
=pp
{7
3
.
TOGGLE 250V
Chrome finish
1011C SPST
1016C SPDT
1019C SPDT
centre -off
409 DPDT
SOpN
80pN
80pN
gpd 9999Hp8?N9m
mW,maZWnn90
m n
902
tra^sfor-,-
L S
Pri
SQWFWW.W.y" a x
GP302 30V 2A
1.00
1.40
1.00
2.10
5A
9-0-9V
0
GP909
12012/1 12-0-12V 50mA E1 00
100m.4
1.20
12-0-12V
1200
MT15012V 12V 150-A1.70
1A
3.20
15-0-15V
151A
GP202 20-0-20V 0 754 2.30
1A
3.80
301A 30-0-30V
606/1 6-0-6V 100mA

MT280 6V,6V, 250mA
909/1 9-0-9V 75mA
97sp=99p999
50TS2A
50TS2A 50V 2A (110/120V pri)

tapped 25,45V
6.55
Pri/sec shield
28705 12V, 12V,2 -0-2V 0 5A
3.85
2871 12V,12V,2-0-2V 1A 4.90
2872 2V, 2V, 2-0-2V 2A 5.30
12T05 6V,6V,0 5A
(Split primary 120, 120V) 3.30
1.50N
OWOO
r71
FOR DELIVERY FROM STOCK

NETT PRICES FROM 197.50 + V.A.T.
TRANSFORMERS
All mains transformer primaries
suitable for 240V input except for
3.6011
1.5021
..t<
MICROCOMPUTER KITS
QUANTITY DISCOUNTS
TRADE ENQUIRIES INVITED
51.125' 52.187"
TAT RANGE
16W
34W
16W
!Y 24W
2.47N
4.48N
O
1*
3.4011
Sponge
97pN
1.06N
EUROCARD CONNECTORS
2876D 64 -way plug
2874C 64 -way socket
wA,,cN.0
NASCOM
X25 -240V 25W E3.60N

(1.6011
50pN
bits
STAND ST3
110
2.56
2.82
3.38
3.53
3.96
5.12
NEW ANOTHER SPECIAL FROM ELECTROVALUE

WE ARE NOW NATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS FOR
E1.90N
46pN
225
1p
85
85
85
140
140
140
1.10
0F
cat
CCN above
40
60
80
40
75
052" pins
1237J 154
1238D 154
1239K 154
1410J 205
1411D 205
1412K 205
1.10
xO<
No PIT5 for 0
(0 15" matrix)
46pN
...
boards
Type
pins
040'
20.71N
83pN
4.00N
3.05N
E1.02N
97pN
1.39
1.42
3.59
3841L Case
3842F End plate angles (pr
3843A 8" Module
3844G 4' Module
38458 2" Front panel
3846H 1" Front panel
3979K Board for module
1034E Veroboard, clad
1041J DIP -board
0267H 31 -way plug
0258C 31 -way socket
76p
No PIT1 for0
(0 1" matrix)
SPOT FACE CUTTER

Suitable for any matrix
5.1511
nozzle. PTfE SR3AN 65911
3.5011
C-240V 15W
1.5011
ant
plated ions
48911
7 094
No 4 187 No 6
187"
CX 240V
50p
89p
PIN INSERTION TOOLS
(16.0011
094',1107
'
ER TOOL
..
75
5"x34'
63.0061
PYROMETER
nt
bits
x 3
75" x 2 5 36p 5" x 2 5" 50p

75" x 3 75" 50p 5 x 3 75'
67p B 45 x 5" 53p
0.2" matrix, copper clad
controlled iron with stand
boa
'
3
3
solder station
104. 106.
CCN -240V
lethal 15W
0.15" matrix, copper clad
31p
EURO Board
m.,G0
(5.8211
(5.0011
40pN
375"x25'
European size circuit boards

Light blue with natural anodised aluminium
end plates
Can be rack -mounted
Price
Type Item
1.64
2514F 100 50 25
1.66
50 40
2516G 100
65 40
2.07
2518H 120
2.35
2520J 150 80 50
3.13
2522K 188 110 60
VEROBOX CASES
Constructed from ABS material
light grey top & dark grey bottom
section Anodised ali Front and
rear panels Internal guides for PC
O
Z
Sprint
gun
element
862VN
0.1" matrix unclad
4.19
6.36
19" CARD/FRAME CASE SYSTEM
accepts plug-in modules and standard
attachment 6500
10.0011
36p11
bulb
I
EURO Dip -Board
Price
(2.3011
E2.30N
Type
156
5.NHaaDp
0nO
N>PQdm
QQNO-NmF>- Z vTN '0W
E2.30111
32 -way
121
2.3016
H2
75
100
<
TIP Ouick Charge cordless

18.5011
38
52
220
!mAAOU1pvON
5"
H1
171
1798K
2523E
avDay
VO Dip-Board
24 -way plug-in
Type
rnMW-23-.23,,,MW-23-.23,,,MW-23-.23MW-23-.23,,,,
45"
DIP -BOARD
mkm 7566
fine 7545
h.d 7546
Std 7535
000
375"
73
/f/J9 .M
0mcna (/,wWEmsC
D
VEROBOX STANDARD
BOXES
High Impact polystyrene light grey
top, dark grey bottom section
5"
100 40p (Both types double
ended)
Z22ZZw
Cv n
0
5"x375'
(2.50N
element
OR1'7(50
as for
5"x25"
In2 Z2
E3.50N
Super 30
46p
55p
55p
62p
53p
2.24
91p
E2.20
2.40
3.57
5"
se90pN
'111ype1J
grey bottom section

Both have anodised aluminium panels
J00A0AWNWNWNCJ 0 1m
'(1
7]3AmPW
ACAAS.
J-A-
0
(Not made by Vero)
matrix per
0 040
dia for 0
100 35p per 500 1.15
0 052 dia for 0 15" matrix per
'
50 Tonto contrened
3.0011
3.6011
element
%
SLOPING FRONT PLASTIC CASES

The 1798k has white top and grey bottom
section, the 2523E has light grey cop and dark
TERMINAL PINS
LDER TOOLS
AR DWAR E /SOLDER TOOLS
WCC
O
=
'''>'>"
pO-S
O - 13-1
nm
m jVNN(n
CZ
<
Ax0A
'
dWft
v
m.m'Nwp
v avamWWWW2D35
U)
SMALL
ELECTR01
10.95N
LTD
28. ST. JUDES ROAD. ENGLEFIELD GREEN.

EGHAM, SURREY TW20 OHB
Telephone Egham 3603 Telex 264475
Northern Branch -680.BURNAGE LANE.

BURNAGE. MANCHESTER M19 1NA(0611432 4945
WIRE WRAPPING CENTRE

HOBBY WRAP
Model BW 630
WIRE-WRAPPING TOOL
OK PLIERS AND
aut 02S
Poft "MOD111LD" wron
omlttse indexmq, aller
3 IN
useaw,aOPlnq deore
A
0. AWG 30
TSW
B
o, AWG rb-7s SW -2626
(t)
Ole
Bat
6
-4.,75 i31.95CE2.820744
2..
DIP/IC EXTRACTOR
TOOL
1.19
The EX -1 Extractor is
ideally sui as lm no0nr
enthusiast Or lab entente,
Featuring one tetwe sound
steel const rub Ion. It *El

extract all LSI, MSI and
OSI devices of from 8 to
24 pins
Extractor Tool EX -1
'Cl AWG 3a
for AWG
26
or -.10
CUTTERS
WIRE DISPENSER
New wire dispenser culs
and strips tnree different
colours of wire Quick and
easy to use pocket size
Wire Size: 30 AWG
50 ft. Red, Blue, White
Kynar insulated.
1
UNIVERSAL CUTTER
Cult werytn ing. Leather,
wire, 0113114. tin-plate,
Cardboard.
S tainless steel
Just one of the range of
high quality pliers, cutters,
tweezers and screwdrivers.
blade.
4.07
RI 2628
DIP/IC INSERTION
TOOL WITH PIN
STRAIGHTENER
WIREWRAPPING KIT
Contains: MOODY Woo
tool W5UJ0 M Were
IC TEST CLIPS
It
PACKAGES
Provide lull access to
Dispenser WO -308, 121

DIP'S, (2) 16 Olp's,
Harney Board M -PCB-1.
DIP/IC Insertion TOM
INS-1416 and DIP/IC
Ealractor Toot Ex.].
2.79
W Ire'wraoomp
INS -1416
Integrated
Remove
toe
ecua DIP
DIP'
damage
Available In sizes to
accommodate all OIP's;
TC -14 fits 14 -pin DIP'S
cannot
19.22
lead..
nxm
tnent
,.. probe
problems.
Samolnv or otolvpe and
m OducnOn testing, field
terwde WOT k, and quality
WWI)I
KII
2.97
FOR DUAL-IN -LINE
etc.
DIP SOCKET
Umr.mi,oe oacage,
wet
weee'wee00inq.
0004080i Oron20 e0t,Ct

,nlay eenesn post .020
0,63 mm) se., .100
t2.S4mm1 Centre Spacing
14 Pin Dio
eee
FROM
Bread boarding building
blocks with universal

matrices of solderless
plug-in tiepoints.
Facilitate quick,
soloerless circuit build-up
and check-out p
universal .1" X .1 " matrix
Accept all components

with leads up to .032"
diameter.
Require no special patch
cords
Includes integral non shorting Instant mounting
backing.
I_\ 1'I Yaq II CIrkT
627
628
629
630
Pp
l{Pina..Pl
GiII
a-L
DISTRIBUTORS
WANTED***
TO10
TO11
T012
1013
T014
To15
1016
1017
1018
T019
1020
T021
1022
1023
T024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
70
60
30
30
10
50
80
160
3
65
05
60
Coos
ICScreet
1.35
553
4-28
2.24
1.65
3-95
3
95
315
bl
P.C.B.s
Total
Except where copyright restrictions exist PCBs are available
for all projects from Sept
and include
20.13
1.84
3.15
560 A, B, C (set 3)
710 2m Power Amp
1875
Double Dice
152 A, B TV Paver Gen
Haan Rate Monitor
Reaction Tester
Metal Locator 549
Door Bell
Drill Controller
6.09
36.11
567
697
3.78
16 45
8 90
1-65
.65
.60
50
.85
.70
1.05
.90
.60
4.80
Clock A
Experimenters Power Supply
555.Ttmer Board
Hammer Throw (set 3)
Porch Light
RMS Meter
Rain Alarm
.85
.65
.60
.50
2.90
1.20
2315
7
1976
Bongos
Loudhailer
Continuity Tesler
Spirit Level
3 -channel Tone Control
1.35
2.85
1.00
1.45
(set 2)
Digital Frequency Meter (sal 4)

Digital Thermometer
2 93
.70
.95
1.00
76
10.45
14 65
1-65
90
4 53
1 65
4.60
.90
630
2.20
10.00
SYSTEM 58
M
18.22
6 62
2169
325
29.37
18.97
VDU 'A'
631
(PCBs are modified)
"SON
18 21
13.41
OF
07
13.36
PCBs and Kits available from

TA MTRONIK.
2211
PCBs and Kits also available for

everyday electronics, send SAE for
details
7.86
65 10
14 45
12.43
1.72
25.41
4.93
12.64
29.26
8 36
25 06
12.84
2 88
9.60
13 11
8.93
4 47
VDU
TTY
2.65
2.00
Full
12.00
ETI"
THIS MONTH'S
BARGAINS
HOBBY
ELECTRONICS
4 79
7
2.70
2.50
Discounts on any 3 PCBs 5%. any 4 PCBs 10%

566. any 5 PCBs 121/2%. any 6 PCBs 15%
26.32
20.89
25.62
.90
2.35
2.25
F POU
CPU
Cuts & Ram
5 73
6 87
15.81
rvm mmo
I1-wmmlm
mmm^rmrnN
en
T009
55
65
70
60
m m
TO08
.60
Components, Hardware, Cases. Part Kits, Full Kits A complete service to the
ETI Constructor.
All Prices incl VAT P&P 30p per order
mmm
1002
T003
T004
1005
1006
1007
.B5
65
60
ONE STOP SHOPPING
mm
T001
Peck
eM.mmm
-rmm mmlommomllmmemmml
rm-ri-m
r
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
624
626
-t
Temperature Meter
Etiwet
Cross Hatch Generator
Stac Timer
Wheel of Fortune
Complex Sound Generator
R F Power Meter
Power Bulge
Telephone Bell Extension
Proximity Switch
Ultra Sonic Receiver
Ultra Sonic Transmitter
1.60
.55
Peck
Clock B
House Alarm A
House Alarm B
Metal Locator Mk ll
Frequency Shifter POU
Frequency Shifter
LCD Meter
Light Dimmer
Gas Monitor
Star Trek Radio
Stars & Dots
Spectrum Analyser
Wein Oscillator
UFO Detector
Torch Finder
601
Cenponent Herdware
o-me-mnnmrvmmnnrvZmmm
omtneeenommmmo-aNapN mrm
02
541 Train Controller
444 5 -watt Stereo

448 Stereo Disco Miner
PCB
m0000mrimoo.oemrvmmm0000mmoomoom
rom-ommmmommmmmmeeomemnm-moome
Nov 76
Jan 77
Feb 77
Dec 77
Jan 78
Jan 78
Feb 78
Mar 78
Mar 78
Mar 78
Mar 78
Apr 78
May 78
Jun 78
Jun 78
June 78
Jut 78
Jul 78
Jul 78
Aug 78
Sep 78
Sep 78
Sep 78
Oct 78
Oct 78
Oct 78
Oct 78
Oct 78
Feb 78
Feb 78
Wiln
Bench Amplifier
Audio Visual Metronome
Compander
50 watt High Power Amp
100 watt High Power Amp
High Power Amp PSU
LED Dice
Marker Generator
Skeet
Flash Trigger
Disco Lightshow
Pink Noise Generator
Ref.
rigrn-n22n9m-m
a
meri m
oLorv
S.R. Monitor
Burglar Alarm
Headlight Reminder
G
DIP
121:131
B 5.07
ri
Graphic Equaliser
Graphic Equaliser PSU
R F Attenuator
Watchdog
Watchdog PSU
Sweep Oscillator
Stereo Simulator
Freezer Alarm
General Purpose Pre -Amp
lb
LT
(DEPT. ETI)
PROJECTS
ERCIOCT
14 DAP
16 Pin Die
Soc set
Southampton SO12SY
Telephone Southampton(0703)38966 7 Telea 4/7222
Cablegeam OKMAC
217 Toll End Road, Tipton

Wett Midlands DY4 OHW. Tel. 021-557 91144
MW
.a.
A 4.74
$OC41t
1:2=11:17/311=117111T1
enlnl6Nnr,.-i
't 17131111
Wren t in
Iq.4'
OK Machine&TooIIU.K.
Limited
48aThe Avenue
See us at
BREAD BOARD'78
21st-25th November
Seymour Hall, London
HOBBY WRAP TOOL

Wire-wrapping, stripping,
unwrapping tool for
AWG 30 on .025 (0,63mm)
Square Post.
29P
100
x'/ W
1K carbon resistors
plug-in mains PSU
30p
3V/6V/9Vr 12v
DC
300MA, suitable for calculators and TV

Games. Only
(2.99
For a law kits it is not possible to supply ALL compensi,

To avoid disappointment we
recommend you send SAE requesting kit detat Is Neese et,
ote protect and kit reference
number when details of a specific kit is required. SAE euIomar Stony
brings free
catalogue.
OVER 100 KITS NOW AVAILABLE
TRADE AND EDUCATIONAL ENQUIRIES

WELCOME
iw nur awns et.

32 MARKET PLAC E, GREAT
MOOT,
TOOT, TIPTON. WEST MIDLANDS
V
Mail Order or Telephone

Access
- NOVEMBER 1978
\
TU
ETI
dieplsyed
'
quehly
natal bracelet
dole, day of
pay
week
hour penelralina
24
alarm
'eaHlq+wtrtrmltr
' hYFH 4H
pol
Ils btltrlbtl
.IItY,II1H
8.95
411
F Hir
HINar.
SEI KO
HANIMEX
function
ma,m,
o.n,HT
.--r..
battery back-up
* Back light + aule
calendar
Hours, mins. secs,
-1
day. dale
* Quality metal bracelet
12.95
,,
Solar panel with
Iaaswnt
Sneerr
LCD
.r.,a
mow
ro.
oani
PIJNr
o.. s.,
J ..,w
ipl
See
l 5
93
. 2 36
aniel.t43155(065kg)
8.95
COMPLETE
Pleasant green display
KIT*
E urllIdYn Wlncnc
1
mrnute
LED Mspiay wen p m end alarm on maalor
24 Hours alarm
on-0e control
say gashing Ior pone, loss Inmcalmd`
aseatable 9 mmwe snooze
=splay brighlas modes control
age
DIGITAL CLOCKS
12/24 Hour readout

SIBM Sylelraroul Awing
Fully electronic
P Hieing Wu hca-0unu eetting
Bulaq elee
Hr - mincnW acrylic case
FJar
r..s
and Sp.cific.tion
-our
display
Er
THE METAC
.InOn
1131 mm .
Ready
drilled
PRICE 6.65
t5.c'B
i.
OOmm . 60mm1
(IMlualyorVllT
d Postage)
PCB
Size10.5o5,7oBcm
to accept components
-
Mietral.
add 30p P&P with all

orders. All prices include
OO 00
'AT
704 displays 80p

707 displays 80p
Watch batteries 70p
DL
DL
Shops open 9 30 to 6 00
dally
17ade enquiries welcome
METAC
[=jByit with Access
Metac Price
DAVENTRY, NORTHANTS
Tel. (032 72) 76545
ONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
i,
-7.7.7
Ity1:LC1
-r
.".8-r
ifiliti
List Price
f 130
Metac Price E105
List Price E120
Usi Price 165
Metac Price EMI
Metac Price 98
Metac Price 125
LCD
thick
'i
List Prise ELM
LADIES
Only 25
a:+
ALARM
1..
LCD
20 mm and 6 mm
Junction: hours,
day, date. +
back light and auto cal
Elegant metal bracelet in
silver or gold. State pre-
mins, secs,
..
llkgil 7
Inchon hours.
aim sea.
el
ference
met.
lay. date, day
pTyr\yY'y
24 hear panel Back light
ruling alarm
+.ani
10.95
ratender
t-
Nl
'`
.D: o
'
unly 24.95
,a,_,1
MICRO
CASSETTE
L..
RECORDER
Hand-held only 21/2 X 5 X
11/2 inch Identical to well
known models being sold
al f35
rib. b
fie mir ii,
_/
eft
rid Ai
24
e.
-.
I.
SINCLAIR SCIENTIFIC
OUR PRICE
Calculator: X.
-^
PROGRAMMABLE
free program library
worth 4.00
12.95
FROM METAC
TV GAMES
:.___11
...SI
,.
ii
A
.
PRICE E49
Black & white 9.95 Colour 1 2.95
4 games 2 ball speeds, 2.balhangles
2 bat sizes
Also useful for sonic applications and

sound transmitters (buzzers etc)
67 HIGH STREET
12.65
Time: hours, mina, sea. day

date. day al wed
(state type)
Mercury tilt switches 50p
Crystal mic inserts 50p
ads.
METAC
EXCLUSIVE
CALCULATOR
WATCH +
STOP-WATCH
SEIKO STYLE
inch LED's, red 12p

green 15p
yellow 15p
orange 15p
Only B mm thick.
This same watch is being
sold for f22 00 in newspaper
and magazine special oiler
ONLY
2N3055 transistors 50p
10
'-
-_______
COMPONENTS
All products carry full 1 2 month guarantee Please
'
_-
'unctions
I/10, secs,
1/100.
11
secs, mies
Split end lap modes
Back light, auto calendar
SOLAR
Electronic
LED Alarm Clock
digit
' Hours, mina, secs.

' Day. dale, day al week.
;-'
The Seiko Quartz Collection encompasses a wide and exciting

range of quartz watches for men and women. Day/Date quartz.
Ultra -thin quartz. Digital quartz watches with liquid crystal
display for continuous readout. Even a digital quartz alarm
chronograph. It's what you'd expect of Seiko. The first quartz
watch ever sold was a Seiko. And Seiko's expertise in every
phase of the watchmaking process makes it possible for Seiko
to make any part of any Seiko watch, and to exercise a unique
quality control system through every step from design to
completion. Whichever Seiko Quartz model you select, you get
more than iust a technologically advanced timepiece.
THOUSANDS SOLD
11 FUNCTION
SLIM CHRONO
6
17.65
......\
Y-
E29.95
Excellent value
_,
SOLAR ALARM
WATCH
Hours, mina seta
dab. auto sales-
r, babdipal,
year
+ backlight Batteries last
approx Includes batteries and travel pouch
Snooze
LCD watch
,.
Noire. ninS. Slcs.
QUARTZ LCD ALARM
Soiar+aiarm
READERS
5 FUNCTION LCD
montb,
,HIM.
`'
SPECIAL
SAME AS
ETI OFFER
Electronics & Time Centre

327 EDGWARE ROAD
LONDON W2
Tel. (01) 723 4753
NOVEMBER 1978
Barclay & Access welcome

Phone or Send Card Number
with order
103
MINI -ADS &
CLASSIFIED
HAPPY
MEMORIES
your order
FTER-Single
Te1:01-891 1923
DEAD or ALIVE
5 -FUNCTION
13
AMP
,/,
SOCKET
TESTER
Use the VIM by itself with its on board
28 double function keypad and 6 character LED

display
Then expand to full mainframe via 3-44 way edge
connectors
It comes to you assembled and tested
Just connect your +SV D1 5A power supply and
VIM -1
',
4K SUPERMON MONITOR includes

Single step with variable trace speed
Register modify/inspect whilst in program
Hex displacement calculator
Black transfer plus much more
199 plus 8% VAT = 15.92

TOTAL = 214.92
Plus full technical support and demonstrations from
ARDOR ELECTRONICS LTD.

11
E.T.I. P.C.B.s
2.05
0.54
0.30
0.59
1.99
0.98
1.32
0.76
0.88
0.55
2.47
3.98
2.85
Clock A & B
3 ch Tone Con
0.56
1.08
Dig Thermometer
1.38
Graphic Equal
TV Game
1.25
Many more available including this month's
15
VENTED
CELLS
(for fast charge)
SHOWS YOU!
0 45 Ah
0 5 Ah
1
2 Ah
1.8 Ah
4.0 Ah
-SAFELY
Safety fast! Shows: 1, If all

wires correct, 2, Live wire
faulty, 3, Live and Neutral
wires reversed, 4, Earth faulty,
5, Neutral faulty Shows exact
fault instantly British made
3.95 post free Save time. Be
28 0
7 5
0.95
1.10
Size "AA
4 --
HP7 or
22 5
HP11 or
HP2 or
1.45
1.95
Sze 'C'
41.5
6.0V Pack 5x1.2 Ah nicads
10,OAh
Size 'D
2.78
6.00
7.50
'
90.0
Tags available at extra Op per cell for 0.5Ah, 1.2 Ah and

1.8 Ah nicads only.
Suitable for any t the above vented nicads
Cheroer
1
circuits
A E for full list Prices include VAT Please

add 20p post and packing Orders over 5 post
S
free
sure Be safe.
apprpe in mm
PERSONAL SAFETY CO.

Dept. ETI, P.O. Box 1
LLAN RWST
Gwynedd, North Wales
Mail Order
only
Fodpflpn
Cl
SM PUSAN
38 Stonee
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
J.
for lists required
p41
l
K.
L.
PCBs
OD.r$ues
from your own artwork

quote
& Square
ELECTRONICS
TELERADIO
325 FORE STREET, EDMONTON, LONDON, N9 OPE
01-807 3719
Closed on Thursdays
104
for
37 Telegraph Street
Cottenham, Cambridge, CB44QU
Tel. (0954) 51177
662
Good quality ribbon microphones and amplifiers DCB includes 1 4 pole

switch and 1 8 pole c/o lever switch and lamp, holder and reflector
Microswitch 5A
Smaller microswitch
Two -channel unit will provide
Receiver capsules
Microphone capsules
Black Bakelite telephones
Handset only
Modern phones
Loudspeaking telephones
c/o
level
75p
8p
8p
independent channels for telequipment servicescope

SAE for details
15p
10p
?.95
50p
6.95
39.50
1.00
Dials
Coils
15p
10p
M.
Illustration shows low distortion Audio Oscillator type 401 46

Distortion 0015% Range 100hz to 00Khz. Output v Sine
50
Price 35 (or in kit form 30) Tax extra 8% P P
- write
T.S.I. (St. Ives) Ltd.
Ilfo4E.e*
01-550
A.
TELERADIO for
INSTRUMENTS
AMPLIFIERS
RADIO CONTROL
COMPONENTS
SEMI CONDUCTORS
Send
and tinned
Power Meter
Power Bulge
Bell Extender
STAC Timer
Wheel of Fortune
Cross Hatch Gen
ETI W ET
065
100
- drilled
R F
Price Cad
Mgt.
Dia.
25 0
34 5
The Precinct, Romiley, Stockport SK6 4AE

Tel: (061) 430770
Epoxy glass laminate

Complex Sound Gen
BUTTON CELLS
225mAh
600mAh
operational in minutes
Plus Features include

Hi speed cassette interface 185 bytes/sec
IK user RAM with sockets for additional 31(
Sockets for 20K ROM expansion
ASII alpha /numerics direct to an oscilloscope
include V A.T
=..q`Q'''r
is
Three manuals provided enable you to

MASTER MICROPROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY
For 11K node's

add 600 for (spy
and pacYmp
All paces
.4'`4,.
needs
VIM -7
AT LOW COST
35 GROSVENOR ROAD, TWICKENHAM
OR JUST
MIXED UP?
sided Pas PCB mat tour off

43/a"x 6i" 9gpail up
MIDDLESEX TW1 4AD
The experimenter and
211_02 RAM (450ns)

1-15 @ 95p, 16-63 @ 92p, 64 up @ 89p
2114EMM RAM (300ns)
1-3 @ 6 25, 4 up @ 6
2708 EPROM (450ns)
1-3@ 7 25, 4 up @ 7
16 PIN DIL SOCKETS
Gold 22p, 100 up 21p
Tin 12p, 100 up 1 p
RAMS LIKE A SPARE BIT
2mm
bits for Antex CX17 and CCN soldering
irons 45p
Cheque or P 0 to
G J Greaves
5 Cranbury Terrace
Southampton
Hants SO2 OLH
C O D available at cost
All prices include V A T Add 20p postage
Available for all ETI projects

frprll day one of ETI, 'phone
SPECIAL
At last the complete single board
MICROCOMPUTER
hobbyist
2 Microfarad condensers
N. Ringers
O. Cable wire
P. Telephone Circuit boards
wired
Q. Solid metal work benches
crated
R. Radios, complete working without case
Quantity Power Transistors VI 7X 94
S
40p
...
...
per quote
50p
25.00
1.50
Offers
Seven day delivery. Write to or telephone for further details

CONVERSATION PIECES (ETII) 55 Swindon Road
Cheltenham, Glos. 0242 35707
- NOVEMBER 1978
DIGITAC
DIGITAL
REV. COUNTER
voltage impulse
digital tachometer, which is suitable for all negative earth ignition
systems It has a 2 digit 7 segment display housed in a black
case. Please specify no. of
cylinders and if 6 or 12 volt system.
Ready built 1 9.78
Kit form 14 96
Prices are fully inclusive
(Quantity discounts)
The Digitac is
ETI
BARGAINS FOR THE

ELECTRONIC HANDYMAN
BRANDED LED DIGITAL
ALARM CLOCKS
ADVERTISEMENT
INDEX
Ace
Astra -Pak
Audio Electronics
Bamber
Baydis
ELECTRONEQUIP
Hants P016 9NE.
(1)
(2)
Returned to Service Department wilh,n e.,era-tee
-S
R S P
of 17 00 offe-ee a:
With luxury lamp and repeat alarm as featured

most major U K Mail Order catalogues SRS P
31 00
offered at 8.95 inc VAT
(3) With integral luxury light and repeat ala'-' a Sc as
featured in most major U K Mail Order cata,^S R S P of 32 00
offered al 8.95 inc
(2)
These will be sold as received from our customers w tb

the existing fault(s) and without guarantee
Linsley -Hood 75 watt Power Amp

modules, built and tested, from 12.50.
Complete module kit 10 50 inclusive
Linsley -Hood 75 watt amplifiers constructed

and repaired, comprehensive range of spares
r stock. Details and list free I. G. Bowman
Dept. ETI), 59 Fowey Avenue, Torquay, S
Devon
All high stability
- extremely low
19
33
_.5
_68 508 19
'0 508 19
20 508 254
224
248
264
374
400 272 224

488 336 266
694468 356
1332 998 680
47
68
100
220
Additional values and closer tolerances avail upon

"eouest
'TRANSISTORS, DIODES, I.C.s, Bridge Rectifiers,

,acitors, Plugs + Sockets, Vero, Fuses, etc.
a
snplete range is carried, please send For our free
2/smiled price list which will be sent by return of mail
HESISIUH5 High stability, low noise
--5%
tol
1/2W @ 40 C 1/3W @ 70 C
from 2 2 ohm to 4 7M All 2p'
E12
series only
each;
59' /10 of any one value; 95p'/ 100 of any one
.alue7 f4 35'/500 (may be mixed in 100s); C87
'000 (may be mixed in 100s)
SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT PACK: 10 of each
+ar,ie 2 2 ohm to 2 2M (730 resistors)
E6 50'
"A c/f
5% 2 2 ohm to 10M
- 5p' each; 2W c/f
PRESETS: 01 W submin skeleton presets-vertical or

100 ohm to 1M 7p' each, 3750, 57
"'
=22 507500, 4071,000 Values may be
tsntal
laneC
EA DIODES:
1+ 10+
me,
91/2p 9p
8p
18p 171/2p 161/2 15p
--5% 3V -33V 10p
3.3-200V
TAMTALUM BEAD
50+ 100+
(Values
may be
mixed)
CAPACITORS: F/V_
-_22 0 33 0 47 0 68
22/25
1F all at 35V @ 10p*

+ 11p' 22/35 @ 12p' 4 7/35 @
-E8 35@17p' 10/25@17p' 10/35@21p'

22/15 33/10, 47/63 @ 21p' 68/3 @
'I
15, 2C
u3 -ay
Tom
3@21p' (deduct
be
1p each for qty
mixed)
' - UK/Export
6110+-
add cost air/sea mail Add 8%

price
ifl07 saps those marked 'add 121/2% Wholesale

Itlree.able to bona fide companies Shop open
00
00 am Mon -Fri
MARCO TRADING
(Dept. T10)
The Old School, Edstaston, WEM,
Shropshire
Tel. W H IXALL 464 (STD: 094872)
(Props.: Minicost Trading Ltd.)
ICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
Cambridge Learning
Catronics
Chittmead
Chromasonics
Crimson Elektrik
...
HAMPSTEAD
MEDICAL PHYSICS
TECHNICIAN IV
(ELECTRONICS)
An Electronics Technician is required for
the Electronics Workshop of this major

teaching hospital to assist with the development and maintenance of electronic
circuits and equipment
Applicants should hold the City and Guilds
Final Certificate in appropriate subjects or
an equivalent qualification Some practical experience in the use of analogue and
digital circuit techniques is desirable
Salary on scale 3,423-4,488 per annum, including all allowances The starting point depending on qualifications and
experience and the successful candicate
will be encouraged to study for a h goer
qualification, by means of Day Release
Application Form (to be returned by
3rd November, 1978) and Job Des-
...
...
P.
42, 84,
...
Street, Hampstead, London NW3
2QC. Tel: 01-794 0500. Please quote

ref: 0761.
Camden and Islington Area I-,eaIII
Authority (T)
36, 70
108
77
103
42
64
64
92
102
96
96
.
2, 6
64
RTVC
Sentinel Supply
Sintel
..
Stevenson
Sinclair Radionics
Swanley
Tamtronik
Target
Technomatic
Teleplay
Tempus
Trampus
..
12
61
82
102
36
...
11
T K
..
Trident
Vero
.....
Videotime
Watford
Wilmslow Audio
....
10
78
83
78
89
.....
L.C.D. CHRONOGRAPHS, 6 c g.t o soiay

stopwatch to 100th seconds Lao timer P M
indicator, S S bracelet display backlight
16 96 L C D Solar watch 16 95 Ladies
L C D watch S S or gilt bracelet 13 95
L C D watch stopwatch to seconds 13 95
Prices fully inclusive Cheques, P Os to
RAM ELECTRONICS, 49 Avondale Road,
..
...
...
9846
64
..
ment, The Royal Free Hospital, Pond
...
Integrated Circuits
Jeremy Lord
Kramer
L B Electronics
Lektrakit
Maplin
Marshalls
Metac
Minikits
Mountiandene
Nicholls
Nic Models
O K Machine
P B Electronics
Powell
Powertran
Progressive Radio
R F. Equipment
Roger Squires
.
01
92
96
14
88
100
92
78, 88, 92
42
69
95
cription from the Personnel Depart-
- NOVEMBER 1978
EDA
THE ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL
Fleet Hampshire
Doram
Electrovalve
Fladar
Flairline
Gould Advance
Greenbank
Greenweld
H B. Electronics
Henry's
lbek Systems
10
78
53
99
90
34
90
98
42 & 43
92
94
82
49 53
100
Bull
Discount Computing
Capacitors. Tantalum Bead (ITT Union Carbide, NCC) 50v .33 uf, .68, 35v, 22 33 47
1-01-54.7, 6.8 16v2247 = 10p 10v
22uf 33 68 = 18p 63v 100uf = 20p 10v
100uf = 30p Electrolytic 250v Ouf CElO
08P 1000 uf 63v erie 50p 50v, 4 7u
CEW 80 .O6p, 10uf CRO4W 07p, 35v 33uf
ITT .07 47 uf CEO&W .08 30v, 4700 uf
Plessy 50, 25v 100uf Mullard 09, 470uf
Mullard 7p 10v 1000uf CEO4W 15 Price
breaks 50-199 less 10% 199-500 less 5%
500 + less 20% Same type components
obtained to order. Min. order 2.00, .35p
P&P all orders below 10.00. Larkswood
Electronics, 25 Larkswood Road, Chingford
London E4 9DS. 01-529 8255.
leakage
140V AC RANGE ( 10%) 63V DC RANGE () each

a
L (mm) D
teach g F (Tol 1% 2% 5%
2
12 7 1.34
27
22 0.88
0.01-0 2 1.80
16
0 22 33
66 0 22-0 47
82
24 0 90
16
2 26
25 33
78
52
08
0
19
47 33
2 08
2 80
2 2
42
94
Dalston Electronics
Delta Tech. & Co
Prescott House, Humber Road, London NW2 6ER
PRECISION
POLYCARBONATE
CAPACITORS
53
4&5
WATCH COMPANY LIMITED
07018 73455
Birkett
B.N.R.S.
period
(1) With alarm repeat
f4.95 inc VAT
13
84
Bi -Pak
3.
PRESCOTT CLOCK AND
36 Merton Avenue, Portchester
90
97
98
Ambit
107
62
70
94
52
94
50
8, 9
36
105
PRINTED
CIRCUITS
HARDWARE
Single board 6800 17 command 1K

Mikbug compatible Monitor, 1K user
Comprehensive range Constructors' Hardware

and accessories
RAM, 1K Crystal Controlled VDU, CUTS,

fully buffered, room for extra 3 x 2708
'Selected range of popular components.

,Full range of ETI printed circuit boards,
normally ex-stock same day despatch at
competitive prices.
P
Boards to individua designs.
Resist
-coaled epoxy glas s laminate for the
d.i.y. man with full processing instructions (no
unusual chemicals required).
PROMS
175.00
Single board 2 Similar to above but with
QWERTY keyboard
205.00
NEW Mini 6800 Two p c b kit, 1K
monitor, 1K VDU, RAM, CUTS, QWERTY
145.00
'keyboard
VDU kit 1K Crystal controlled, memory
MOTOROLA 6800
COMPUTERS
Alfac range of etch resist transfers, and other

drawing materials for p.c. boards.
mapped, parallel input video output

Should suit most processors
60.00
All prices include VAT and post Please
send SAE for leaflets Mail Order only
Send 15p for catalogue.
RAMAR CONSTRUCTOR
HEWART
MICROELECTRONICS
SERVICES
MASONS ROAD
STRATFORD-ON-AVON
WARWICKS. Tel. 4879
95 Blakelow Road
Macclesfield, Cheshire
COMPUTER HOBBIST, components at

lowest prices. Write for free price list, stating
your specific interests. PACS, 12 Alma Road,
Monkstown, Co Dublin, Eire
PLEASE MENTION
ETI
WHEN REPLYING
New
signal invert control, integral square wave
generator Plus
full details for testing your audio
system for transient distortion, crosstalk etc
Complete Dien
Luxury cabinet and
Kit only
controls. 9.95
INC POST, PACKING, VAT READY BUILT VIDEOGRAPH E5995

Dower Housa. Bducoy Road
WILLIAM
STUART
TW2 6HW
DIGITAL WATCHES.
Videograph II links to the aerial socket of

your tv and provides a full colour
oscilloscope display! A must for hi-fi, home
entertainment, discos, organs etc
SYSTEMS Ltd
LED PPM Single chip Peak Programme

Meter (SN16880N) drives 5 LED's directly,
easily cascaded to increase range/resolution
3-50 ea inclusive Applications sheets alone
18p. Peter Francis, 34 Ashley Dr Twickenham
See my range of high
quality L.C.D. watches and clocks all with 12

month guarantee from as little as 9 50
Send S A E. for colour brochure D HULLAH
(Watches), 14 Willow Grove, Harrogate,
N /Yorks.
Herongerr. &entwood
Enox CM13 350

Tr.lepnona 9rentwooc
102771
810244
AGENUINE BARGAIN OFFER. LCD

Twenty Function Square Stun Chrono graph.
CONSTANT DISPLAY: Hours. Mi nutes,
Seconds A.M.. P M , Month. Date Day,
Roll-over. Backlight. CHRONOGRA PH:Minutes, Seconds, 10th., 1001 h Lap Time,
Lap Indicator, Total Time, Ret urn Ordinary
Time, Freeze Time, Memory, S talnless Steel
Locking Bracelet. 12 Month Guarantee.
Money Back G uarantee, ONLY 18.50.
Without Chr o nograph 14.50. To J.
RAMINGER, St. Lauren ce Way, Stanwick,
Northants, NN 9 6Qs
,
TO ADVERTS
UT
Rage *
COLOUR MODULATOR
RK
FOR
ALL TV GAMES!
Red,
inputs Switch
6.95
Green & Blue
background colours
Complete details for tank battles
FREE Interface
- lifelike
laleobone
027718102"
STRATHAND
SECURITY
ALARMED?
If not you should be. We specialise in Alarm epuiomenl suitable
home. office
guaranteed.
for
or factory. All items brand new lop quality fully
ICI Mapeet an reed cwllch noel heel 4 wlre Requires hale

Rash dimmer by 34en deep
90e
102 Mapnl led reed rw'.tch. flees 111111g crew Ilrnlull Requires
edt 154s dleneter by 14we deep
1.05
103 Magnet sad reed tench. Surface RltIng. 4 wire. Swe 65nn to
.
13eI
time
loi Mewl ant 1W twitch.

lie a Tee Wu Slug
- atalr
109 Preston pal
lab ?nature
107
tread
- Wye 79' i"
pad
Wade.Ill-
108 Foil blacks
90p
Bean Bury. Size 10500 M
sen.edheain
...
by
a
123 CoeI
E1.35
15'
EE2a5
E3.I7
...
end
eery fall eebbbe darn c441i0y

Cl press 1.01u41
VAT
19p
E3.70
E3.05
10.25
10.75
.
Caere
shill
el psei la British Sindard
core cable
to
(3.00
-tap panty. 10" ruM by'le' welt
116
Nee
64"
self-adhesive Joins loll lo cable)

110 Key:wilchea with mounting plate and cover
I11 Ball borer ware duty 011,110 reeled
112 awl 6" hero duty
fury lead 125 0 C.
M alas/baller
sl',en'
(45.40
led potloge
PLU s
Radar [microwave' units, automatic 999 dialling units with tape
massage. and many other items.
STRATHAND SECURITY
CZ=
106
44 5t. Andrew's Sp vare

Glasgow, G1
Tel 041-552 6731 /2
Pi
effects
WILLIAM STUART SYSTEMS
137 Billericay Bead, Herongale, Brentwood, Essen CM 13 3SD
L
rye
SH
YOU FP,
1
pW PANEL
a
...
or at least your projects. If there is on e thing which is

impossible to do at home is lettering front panels to pro fessional standards. At least until now. If you cast your
eyes right a while you'll see our new panel transfers sheet,
which has been carefully designed to allow you to do ex -
actly that.
The transfers are easily rubbed down,

and the two sheet s et contains a mass of
lettering and -uniqu ely-control scales for
both rot ary and slider puts.
Each sheet measures 180mm X 240mm
and comes packed flat in a stiff cardboard
envelope for protection. There should be
enough for dozens of projects here - and the
longer you wait the worse they'll look!
Send 1.75 (includes VAT

and postage) for the two sheet set to:
Panel Markings
ETI Magazine,
25-27 Oxford Street,
London WiR tRi.
NOVEMBER
1978
r-
e
product ,es, for out of date.
artridg ,
anewcartridge games,
new cartridge,
not
e
to
I,aea
available,
t assen'bfan,ily. that w Just
will beP
becomes
bD
of V all your
as
d
eo
TV.
dateur
y vvayfNf
SPLAY
PLAY
`le p IaY
i.
TELEve
elTelepl
Black and
presGMAG1on9i
save
PRoalltrm
date the
Works OK
r
Tnr.K
E'Y
IMD`
Finished
irilUl{pipi
Kit
,1
Profess d Controls
of Professional
es Joystick Han10
consists
do
of
g,
2
w
consists
which
Squash
SOW
(1 &
is,
2 All
a
The Teleplay
Intact dart-
Footo", Te
"e
BasketballAdaptor.
Mains
Special riled
cnoot e tc.
surf
`" drilled - ainsA be
this
IholesarePrereq
required.
assemble Manual
equipment tistroan
now easy
kit Instruction
45o
DING
at
VAT
FI.N BUILDING
r9.31
professionalseparately
AL
THE
rPPlied
As$emUle'
PROFESSIONAL
-TWICE
MD
FullY
GIVES ING THE
p
35.
-ANC PLAYING OgFER
we offer
this t,
ailfor
players)
OIv9O
Sr
-1-
TAmEK,
Main Console has

Facility Handicaping
it
II
NEW 9a
,ere already
availablear nes.you
become
ubn
many
lude Submarines,
ut and
-,f#
M
-'.
wllld
WarcWpeof these
n9
price 19 clePen
ore. The 12
game
of the
fro
van,
va
complexity
NOW
th
Space
cartridges
de:
Additionalinclude:
available
4
and HI[ nd
g.90
f1.14 VAT.
4.90 t
T _1Z90
gt.51
basic
Fully
assemoled
add
E3.00
kl+ft.o3 VAT.late
Cartridges
with
a complete
to foil
already
Hand Controls
I,1 rro Is
Cartridges and easy
Co
a
and
svu
ease
idge
v
printed
Cartridge
assemb
REALISTIC
k Battle-_parmeS
All parts
Stunt CIceTa
ECF
EFFECTS
SOUND
Read Rage
luny
Cheques and Postal Orders to be made payable to TELEPLAY; send your order (No Stamp Needed) to
Teleplay, Freepost, Barnet, EN5 2BR or telephone your order quoting your Barclaycard or Access nurroer
Queries and Technical Advice offered either by phone or by calling at our shop
SHOP OPEN-10am to 7pm - Monday to Saturday
IILRClATC4RD
f5a r_h this page each month

QQ
MOORGATE L
CLOSE TO NEW BARNET BR STATION
for new cartridges, as they become available.
Or
AoRurG
14 Station Road
Nevv
Barm-
_e_
products
wOithC sKimISiTla
EURCOoPmEpSa
\_
Ne --r _
os
E
Postage.
well over 100.
V T-S.
M_ POs
w....RNor.
-Jude
--140
7033'01-441 2922
m pun
everything for the modern
D.I Y
THE'DRUMSETTE' RHYTHM GENERATOR
electronics enthusiast and more.
1l1193111
Organists. pianists, guitarists

an automatic drum set to
accompany you! Nine highly realistic instruments play
fifteen different rhythms. Fifteen rhythm -select touch
switches and a touch plate for slop/start without rhythm
change gives absolute ease of operation. Build it aurae
for under E65 including smart teak-ellect cabinet. See it
and hear it in our shop! Send for full construction details
now: MES49. price 25p
.
:111111i
7=111111; wA:{9111111111,
REVERBERATION SYSTEMS
High quality spring line driver module uses 4 integrated
circuits and two transistors. Built and tested circuit board
with wiring instructions for spr lei line. X88 56. price
6.00. Power supply to suit driv a module cos is around
f2.50 and construction details are M catolmme. or ask for
BOARDS AND PCB's

61 el our cttalegue show you oor ange nt
VWekmrm and S
or il you prefer lo make your own
pal's a range el etching spleen inddem the novel
mach in a hog system plus prints circuit treesters lui the
prelessmnal iman to your hoards,
Poem 59 to
leaflet MES24 Mechanical spring

Unes Short NM (XL08J) 54.46.
long lue 1X68411 710.30. (All
graces reeled. V.AT and p d pi
9-CHANNEL RADIO CONTROL
SYSTEM A comprehensive model
control system. featuring nine
independent fully proportional
channels achieved by
design
using very few components thus

keeping the cost to a minimum Full
construction details in our booklet
(XF030) price El 20
T.Y. GAME
A lascreei18
TV g ante kit th el plays Items I, tennis, squash

pachte for only f2 1.59 Reprint of construction
atolls 25p. Add en rille kit tory E10.60,yA II prices include
V A7 eel 2.5p1
a ed
MASSIVE RANGE
AUDIO MIXER
A
superb stereo oldie water
16 input
It
en
mauled of your Melee
be
pplped .Ath up to
perform:el
For
Mlle. ce
Includes
and Its
OF
COMPONENTS
the cap Reiter Section In
on -polarise d
electrelytics
sir
and
c ale toque
air resistor
eludes eve II l'o lettrine types. Gel our

las0110119 catalogue n DP
you Weld terei II
section
matches Thal el lbe very pest tape reorders end

equipmen i. It meets Ike requrremeie al preleuslonal
recording hydro: FM radio dolmas. concert kelp and
theatres. Full construction details in our catalogue A
component schedule is available on request.
In
ELECTRONIC ORGAN
The Daly organ you can Mild ie stages ad taller le yew
regmremenld la yea go 11,18
and e1 each step yea II
have a fully workug Inslreemall We knee I
gal the
gimmick: yet
(they're enrolee steel bat we bile gel the
mast beautiful monde
pre ww't Ilea them e, any organ
lees thin
ter ann. Si gut ear MESSO owlet Mallets
mew! 65p buys the Three wud1Ne se tar,
Me
MICROPROCESSOR
Brill
mtohcompt.r with ear mlcrnproceeee kit.
Features: 46 difiereel Ielrectlen lypee: 256 bylee of

red/write memory (mere are .lolly added]. micro.
premium un
up to 65.536 8 MI -bytes Campinto
lid Or we with teletype eh.
(X69111 574.10
2Okey keyboard ler use with Nem he place 011.111 gel
I019241. 571.11 Bnln kits with detailed Iehuelln books
See ear newsletter for deleds et adAlieel RAN s, tri -state
interlacing chipa ember trucker and headed Guette
laplesorder interface to Slat pur propnmmes. IAII
price include VA.T sad p 6 p.).
tare"
Our to-monthly neweletter keeps you up to date with atest

guaranteed prices - our latest ,penal offers details of new protects end new Imes Send
forth. neat See issue lap dlseeunt toucher with 30p
each copy]
I
*
**
* Come and see all our projects*
* on display at the Electronics *
POST THIS COUPON NOW FOR YOUR COPY OF

OUR 1979-80 CATALOGUE PRICE 75p
Please rush me
hobby show 'Breadboard' at

*t Seymour Hall, London W1**
stands E7 -E9.
**
*************
IIAPLIN ELECTRONIC SUPPLIES

P.O. BOX 3 RAYLEIGH ESSEX SS6 8LR
Telephone: Southend (07021 715155
Shop: 284, London Road, Westcliff-on-Sea, Essex
(Closed on Monday) Telephone Southend (0 70 2) 71515
a copy of your 216 -page catalogue

enclose 75p, but understand that if am not completely
satisfied may return the catalogue to you within
14 days and have my 75p refunded immediately
NAME
ADDRESS
Fri

Electronics Today 1978 11

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FIRST ISSUE OF OUR NEW

MAGAZINE FOR SMALL SYSTEMS!

LIVE PERFORMANCE SYNTHESIZER DESIGNED BY CONSULTANT TIM

rro. '+se easasdIre

FOR COMPLETE KITS!

200+ 200 watt AMPLifIER

As featured in Electronics Today International

400W rms continuous 800W peak!

PSI 4001 SLAVE MODEL

Each channel totally

Value for money

- quality and performance comparable with ready-built amplifiers costing over

PSI 4002 STUDIO IWIODEL

COMPLETE KIT ONLY 187.50

COMPLETE KIT ONLY 196.90

The kits shown on this page are available as seca-n'a =_

PR ICE STAR (CITY: Order with confidence irrespective of any price

OUR CATALOG LtE

NOVEMBER 1978 VOL 7 NO 11

Find out here before you hear it elsewhere!

Full constructional details.

ETI BOOK SERVICE

MOO O50.0 1'FOi!

Make it easy on yourself

COMPUTING TODAY: NEW MAGAZINE FOR SMALL SYSTEMS.

EDITORIAL AND ADVERTISEMENT fF10E

25-27 Oxfor Stre

i71S t KYE3ii t ttJ

Modmags Lid.. 25-27 Oxford Street. London WI R FRF

& Gotch Ltd (Overseas).

AUDIO KITS OF DISTINCTION FROM

DE LUXE EASY TO BUILD LINSLEY-HOOD

75W AMPLIFIER 99.30 + VAT

WIRELESS WORLD FM TUNER 70.20 + VAT

LINSLEY-HOOD CASSETTE DECK 79.60 + VAT

T20 + 20 AMPLIFIER 33.10 + VAT

WWII TUNER 47.70 + VAT

POWERTRAN SFMT TUNER 35.90 + VAT

class output Suitable for teed re any of our very popular

ohm E STABILITY : Order with confide nce!

irrespective of any price changes.

PORTWAY INDUSTRIAL ESTATE

ELECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL

would mean that with 121 contacts to provide the display

Guinness take note the world's smallest DMM it seems.

the dalek connection

annoy the neighbours

about the hi-fi again, pack

This lot looks like it could give Dr Who a few sleepless

car alarm which operates on the ultrasonic area

eye of the tornado?

ELECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL

33 CARDIFF ROAD. WATFORD,

Sutton Watford MIS 5689. 0948 MonMY w b.1uN.Y, *InpN FM

TIPI: 70V:2000,847001210;t0V:10000.2658:3000 lip: 40V:40007002500

0-33 0-47 0-68,

1:tMAMI1: CAPACITORS 50V

CERAMIC TRIMMER CAPACITORS

355oF w.*n slaw

BOA Vawe HMdar

(copper clad) (pla)n)

100 200 470

v cnv vvInuIVG rum*