Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
I.
INTRODUCTION
289
Fig. 1. The proposed architecture of the Smart Hospital System (SHS) based on
the integration of UHF RFID and WSN technologies.
TABLE I.
290
Router Node
Coordinator Node
RR
EDT
A. Hardware components
The EDT node consists of an UHF RFID tag physically
interfaced to the microcontroller unit (MCU) of a WSN node
via the I2C bus (see Fig. 2). The printed circuit board (PCB)
RFID tag has been prototyped in our labs by using a
photolithography process on FR4 substrate and handy
soldering off-the-shelf discrete components (specifically an
UHF RFID chip and a decoupling ceramic capacitor). The
developed board is equipped with a battery holder (not
exploited in the proposed RFID-WSN integration since the
required power is fed directly from the 3-V battery of the
WSN node) enabling a stand-alone mode of operation as a
battery-assisted passive (BAP) RFID tag [25]. The designed
dipole-like UHF RFID antenna is patterned directly on the
PCB. Note that, depending on the application, a directive
patch antenna could be used to achieve higher performance
(e.g. a longer read range) and platform tolerance [26]. The
input impedance of the antenna has been tuned to achieve a
complex conjugate impedance matching with an Impinj
Monza X-2K RFID chip [27] (Zchip=Rchip+jXchip = 20.83j181.39 ) at 866.5 MHz, i.e. the central frequency of the
European UHF RFID band. The Monza X-2K is a newgeneration UHF RFID integrated circuit (IC), compliant with
the EPCglobal Class-1 Generation-2 (Gen2) standard, with
Fig. 2. The EDT node physically interfaced with the UHF RFID tag.
291
EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION
292
(a)
CONCLUSION
We have presented a Smart Hospital System (SHS) based
on a complex hardware/software architecture integrating UHF
RFID and WSN technologies for patient monitoring,
localization, and tracking. The system exploits a heterogeneous
network of hybrid UHF RFID and IEEE 802.15.4-based WSN
devices which can be rapidly deployed in any hospital or
nursing institute. A central server implementing advanced
database management techniques and running RESTful Java
software applications constantly monitors the patients status
and, in case of emergency, promptly sends Push Notifications
(PN) to a smart, lightweight iOS App installed on the nursing
staff mobile phone.
2.
the RR node reads the EPC stored into the RFID tag of
the doctor;
3.
[1]
[2]
[3]
5.
6.
(c)
Fig. 6. Some screenshots of the prototype SHS: (a) the doctor receives the PN
on the mobile phone; (b) the doctor visualizes details about the emergency
situation; (c) the doctor visualizes the list of patients.
4.
(b)
the EDT node detects the patient fall, activates its radio
transceiver, and sends an alert message to the C node.
Such a message contains the patients EPC and the last
physiological information sensed by the node;
REFERENCES
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
293
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
294