Report on role of computer system

Submitted by: Kamal Tamang

Submitted To: Suraj Rajak

BSc.IT sec :B

Contents
Task 1................................................................................................................. 4
Educational organizations................................................................................... 4
The hardware and software used in educational organizations are:...................5
Internal hardware components...........................................................................5

MOTHERBOARD.................................................................................................. 5
PROCESSOR........................................................................................................ 5
RAM.................................................................................................................... 5
DVD ROM............................................................................................................ 5
HARD DISK.......................................................................................................... 5
External hardware components..........................................................................5
KEYBOARD.......................................................................................................... 5
MOUSE................................................................................................................ 5
PRINTER.............................................................................................................. 6
SPEAKERS........................................................................................................... 6
SOFTWARE.......................................................................................................... 6
SYSTEM SOFTWARE............................................................................................ 6
APPLICATION SOFTWARE.................................................................................... 6
UTILITY SOFTWARE............................................................................................. 6
BANKS................................................................................................................ 6
The hardware and software used in bank are:....................................................6
Internal hardware components...........................................................................6
MOTHERBOARD.................................................................................................. 6
THE PROCESSOR................................................................................................. 7
RAM.................................................................................................................... 7
HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD).................................................................................... 7
FAN..................................................................................................................... 7
External hardware components..........................................................................7
MONITOR............................................................................................................ 7
KEYBOARD.......................................................................................................... 7
MOUSE................................................................................................................ 7
PRINTER.............................................................................................................. 8
SCANNERS.......................................................................................................... 8
Software............................................................................................................. 8
System software................................................................................................. 8
Application software........................................................................................... 8
Utility software................................................................................................... 8
Task 2................................................................................................................. 9
INTERNAL COMPONENTS.................................................................................... 9
Motherboard....................................................................................................... 9
2

Processor............................................................................................................ 9
RAM.................................................................................................................. 10
Hard disk.......................................................................................................... 10
CD-ROM............................................................................................................ 10
Power supply.................................................................................................... 11
FAN................................................................................................................... 11
Graphics cads................................................................................................... 11
EXTERNAL COMPONENTS................................................................................. 11
Monitor............................................................................................................. 11
Keyboard.......................................................................................................... 11
Mouse............................................................................................................... 12
SOFTWARES....................................................................................................... 12
System software............................................................................................... 12
Utility software................................................................................................. 12
Application software......................................................................................... 12
Peripheral component...................................................................................... 13
Printers............................................................................................................. 13
Dot matrix printer............................................................................................. 13
Laser printer..................................................................................................... 13
Ink jet printer.................................................................................................... 13
Scanners........................................................................................................... 14
Expansion slot.................................................................................................. 14
Task 3............................................................................................................... 15
Computer Specification for hardware...............................................................16
Software specification for computers of different environment...........................................17

Task 1
The management team has now decided to prepare the report that would explain the
role of computer systems in different environment. So to perform this operation they
have requested you to prepare the report that clearly highlights the role of computer
system in different environment. Consider the following environments: educational
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organizations, hospitals, banks, NGOs, INGOs, research works, etc. And consider the
following hardware: inter and external hardware components, peripheral devices,
ports, slots, etc and the following software: system software, utility software, and
application software.

ROLE OF COMPUTER SYSTEM IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT:Zenith Computer is a multinational IT company deals with IT and multimedia. It
specializes in the supply computer components to more than 200 clients. Its client includes
different types of educational organization, hospitals, banks, NGOs, INGOs, and different
home users.

Educational organizations
Nowadays most of the educational institutes use the computer system for various purposes
like for administration and in computer labs. Computer is very important in the development
and modernization of educational institutes. Computers are used for doing daily
administrative works like for printing documents, recording files and information of the
students etc. In educational institutes large number of data of students should be stored so
they can use computer with a minimum of 500BG hard disks. They can provide new
techniques and information to their students through internet by the help of computer. The
institution can use printers and other photocopy machine for keeping the records in the form
of hard copy. They should use security systems like keeping antivirus to keep the computer
from viruses and also can use utility software like tune up utilities to boost up the computers
performance.

The hardware and software used in educational

organizations are:
Internal hardware components
MOTHERBOARD
The motherboard serves to connect all of the parts of a computer together. The CPU,
Memory, Hard drives, optical drives, video cards, sound cards and other ports and expansion
cards all connect to the motherboard directly or via cables. Mostly Intel MSI motherboards
are used in educational organizations.

PROCESSOR
It is a Central Processing Unit of a computer microprocessor or central processing unit, the
heart of a real system, is the unit that controls and supervises all functions of the machine.
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Performs all calculations and represents the main parameter for evaluating the performance of
a computer. The CPU used in any educational organization should have at least i5 processor
of 3rd generation. At the speed of 3 GHz, for this there should be compatible motherboard.
E.g.: Intel core i5 3420 at 3.1 GHz.

RAM
RAM is computer memory that holds instructions and data. It is volatile in nature. I DDR1,
DDR2 & DDR3 RAMs are its types. Different capacities of RAMs are 512 MB, 1 GB, 2GB
and 4 GB.
RAM of 1 GB to 2 GB is normally used in educational organizations.

DVD ROM
It is a Read Only Memory and non volatile memory. DVDROM is used in educational
organization for playing DVDs and CDs in computer.

HARD DISK
A hard disk is part of a unit, often called a disk drive, or hard disk drive, that stores and
provides relatively quick access to large amounts of data on an electromagnetically charged
surface or set of surfaces. Minimum of 500 GB of hard disk can be used and can be extended
to 1 TB

External hardware components

KEYBOARD
Normal keyboards are used in the educational organizations rather than multimedia keyboard.
MOUSE
Optical mouse is used for educational purposes. Optical mouse may be of wireless, PS2 and
USB optical mouse.

PRINTER
Laser printer is widely used in this kind of environments. These are mainly used to print out
the notices, question papers etc. Printer can also be connected to LAN for sharing purpose.

SPEAKERS
This is not widely used in most of the institutes but in some organizations where students are
taught by interactive way of learning they are used.

SOFTWARE
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
The system software commonly used in educational organizations are windows 7/8, windows
XP/Vista etc.
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APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Different types of application software are required to perform various tasks in educational
organizations. The application software used for this purpose is Microsoft office package
2007, QBASIC etc

UTILITY SOFTWARE
The utility software mainly used is the antivirus software that mainly prevents the computer
from malfunctioning. For example registry cleaner, cc cleaner etc.

BANKS
Computers are used widely by most of the banks. Many tasks like recording information of
the clients, record all the cash checks, deposits and withdrawals in a day to day basis etc are
carried out in every banks. So computer plays vital role in banks for the better performance. It
helps to keep records of the incoming and outgoing amount of money in the bank, to record
all the cash checks, deposits and withdrawals in a day to day basis, to provide customers with
facilities like e-banking and online services, to have easy access to the individual details and
accounts.

The hardware and software used in bank are:

Internal hardware components
MOTHERBOARD
The motherboard serves to connect all of the parts of a computer together. Motherboard
includes the Central Processor and the Memory cards as well as sound cards, graphics cards,
video cards, expansion slots and ports. Intel, msi, G41 etc are some examples of motherboard
available in the market and they are also the mostly used motherboard for banking purpose.

THE PROCESSOR
The processor is the central processing unit of a computer that carries out instructions given
by computer programs. Banks has to perform numbers of tasks in the same time so it needs a
computer system with a high processing speed. Most of the banks use i5 and i7 processor.

RAM
It stands for Random Access Memory. Banks can use 4 GB RAM or can expand up to 8 GB.
DDR1, DDR2, DDR3 RAM are its types.

HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD)

It is a permanent storage device of computer system. Normally of high capacity is used in
banks as lot of datas and files should be stored. Minimum of 500 GB of hard disk can be
used and can be extended up to 1 TB

FAN
A computer fan attached inside the computer case used for active cooling, it sucks cool air
into the PC case and blows hot air out of the case and prevents from overheating. External
cooling system can also be used like AC.

External hardware components

MONITOR
The monitor is the display for a PC. Generally banks use led monitors of different size
according to their requirement. Monitor may be of different types like CRT, LED, LCD. LED
monitor are mostly used nowadays.

KEYBOARD
The keyboard is a input device which helps to input the data by typing. Generally banks use
normal keyboards but they can also use multimedia keyboards.

MOUSE
The mouse is another input device which allows the user to control commands by pointing
and clicking. Optical mouse is used for banking purposes. Optical mouse may be of wireless,
PS2 and USB optical mouse.

PRINTER
A printer is an output device that produces a printout or hard copy of the output from a
computer. Banks require it to provide drafts to customers or for commercial use. They use
laser printer so that other computers in LAN can also use them.

SCANNERS
Scanner is used to scan the hardcopy and get the scanned output in the screen in the form of
soft copy. Bank uses scanners to scan the signature of the customers while doing the banking
transactions.

Software
Software is a collection of programs, procedures, instructions that performs some tasks on
computer

System software
It provides basic function for computer usages and helps operating and managing computer
operations. Most of the banks use windows xp, windows 7/8, vista, unix etc.

Application software
It is a program designed to perform a specific task for the user or for another application
program. In banks Finacle, Pumori, Pumori+ are used.

Utility software
Utility software mainly focuses on how the computer infrastructure operates including
computer hardware, operating system etc. The bank uses different types of antivirus software
and other utility software to boost up the computer performance. For example cc- cleaners,
antivirus, tune up utilities, registry cleaners etc.

Task 2
Explain the internal and external hardware, peripheral components of the computer
system and the different kind of software that can be installed in the computer system as
different software can have their different purpose.
A computer is made up of two major aspects that are hardware and software. Hardware acts
as the body and software as the soul of the computer. They both are interrelated and
interdependent with each other. In simplest , hardware is the physical parts associated with a
computer. This hardware do the work of accepting and storing data, processing it, carrying it,
displaying it on screen or printing it on paper. Hardware is mainly of two types: internal and
external.

INTERNAL COMPONENTS
All the hardware components that are found inside the casing of CPU can be understood as
internal hardware components. It contains motherboard, memory chip (RAM and ROM), I/O
interface, expansion slots and many more ports.

Motherboard
The motherboard is a circuit board that houses most of the internal components. These
include the Central Processor, Memory cards as well as sound cards, graphics cards, buses,
video cards, any ports such as USB 2.0. All the hardware is connected to the motherboard in
some way. It is also known as system board or main board. The type of motherboard installed
in a PC has a great effect on system speed and expansion capabilities. Asrock, Intel, etc are
some examples of motherboard available in the market.

Processor
The processor is a computer chip that carries out instructions given by computer programs
and handles all the day to day tasks that a PC has to do. It is also referred as CPU (Central
Processing Unit).They used to be big in size, but nowadays, microprocessors far more smaller
in size can handle everything from just one chip. Every task to be done by a computer must
be interpreted and executed by the processor. The processor contains a control unit that
functions like a traffic officer, directing the traffic of instructions on the computer. It contains
ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit) which carries out arithmetic and logical operations. The control
unit contains commands or instructions set that the processor can carry out. The ALU
contains logic gates and memory sites known as registers where data is stored while it is
being operated. The CPU used in any educational organization should have at least i5
processor of 3rd generation. At the speed of 3 GHz, for this there should be compatible
motherboard. E.g.: Intel core i5 3420 at 3.1 GHz.

RAM
RAM is a type of temporary computer data storage. Random means that the memory cells can
be accessed in any order (Pun, 2005).It deals with temporary data such as keeping windows
open on a desktop or just viewing a file.RAM is often termed as the main memory. It holds
the programs and data that the processor is actively working on. The storage of data and
instructions inside RAM is temporary. It disappears from RAM as soon as the power to the
computer is switched off. Hence it is also known as volatile memory.
RAM can often be overloaded. There are many types of RAM found in the market. The three
main types are: SRAM (Static RAM), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), PRAM (Phase-change
RAM).The mostly used RAM is DRAM. We can select RAM according to our needs and
purposes. The more RAM you have, more windows and processes can be open.

Hard disk
The Hard Disk drive is a type of permanent computer data storage. Data is retrieved by using
a series of rapidly spinning magnetic disks that store the data. They are much faster in reading
and writing than floppy disks. It has large storage capacity compared to RAM. Todays hard
disks capacity is measured in gigabytes. The capacity of hard drives can also be extended.
Unlike RAM, hard drives retain data even if the machine is powered off or cut off
unexpectedly. Data can be lost if the hard drive breaks or becomes corrupt. There various
capacities of hard disks available in the market starting from 500 GB to 1 TB.

CD-ROM
A CD Rom drive is a drive that reads compact discs and also expands DVDs and blue ray as
well. These use laser beams to read the data on the disc. Drives like this one connect to the
motherboard via SATA cables usually on internal drives, external drives connect via USB.
The laser inside can move around to scan the CD from any angle. Constant reading by laser
can cause scratches to the disc and the laser wont read it properly as the scratches affect this
process.

Power supply
The Power Supply unit is a switch operated unit that converts mains AC electricity into DC
electricity that powers all the internal components. These units have many cooling systems to
them so that they do not overheat. Also, a fan on the front makes sure that power constantly
flows to the PSU and cools the system so it does not break down.

FAN
A fan inside a computer is a fan that sucks cool air into the PC case and blows hot air out of
the case and stops any key components overheating. This is an essential part of a computers
cooling system. Fans can stop working if they become clogged by dust or any foreign bodies,
so it requires regular cleaning.

Graphics cads
The graphics card is a type of expansion card that processes and produces outputs for
displays. These are a crucial component that monitors rely on. They also handle output of
video (such as S-Video) to projectors. They also have their own fans as this type of card gets
hot quickly and needs instant cooling. If the internal graphics is not enough external graphics
cards can be used.

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EXTERNAL COMPONENTS
Monitor
The monitor is the display for a PC. This is where anything you can see is displayed.
Monitors vary in size and use LCD and LED screens for better quality. They connect to PC
through a DVI or HDMI cable attached to the graphics card. Newer monitors use LED rather
than LCD because they produce more high quality visuals, but do cost more than LCD
screens

Keyboard
The keyboard is the main way of typing on a PC. When typed, each key produces a letter on
the screen. Keyboards vary depending on what they are used for, some are basic and used for
normal activity or specialist keyboards that control computer functions. Keyboards connect to
a PC wirelessly or use USB cables. The most common design of keyboard is the QWERTY
keyboard. Nowadays new keyboards with multimedia key is also available in the market
which makes us little easy to use.

Mouse
The mouse is the primary way of navigating a computer. The mouse allows the user to input
commands by pointing and clicking. The mouse can also be used for drawing and most
commonly used to play games. The mouse used to have a ball that could move in any
direction. Now, infra red lasers have replaced the ball and are more efficient than the ball
mouse. Currently, touch controlled mouse with no physical buttons are being tested but are
not as good as the laser or ball mouse currently used on many PCs.
SOFTWARES
Software is a set of instructions that tell the computer what to do. Software is also important
part of computer system. Software enables hardware to operate. Software consists of
sequence of instructions and decision rules that directs the hardware in executing a given
task. (Pun, 2005). There are mainly three types of software. They are:

System software
System software is the set of programs developed to govern the overall operations and
manage the resources of computer system. It provides the interface between users and the
computer. System software makes it possible for the user to focus on an application or other
problem to be solved. It assists the user in using the computer system efficiently. They are
generally written by the computer manufacturer using assembly language and codes.
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Depending upon the nature of services they provide, there are different types of software.
Some of the examples of softwares are Windows 7, Windows 8, Linux, Ubuntu, MAC OS
etc.

Utility software
Utility software are the software that are used by the computer . Utility software is designed
to help analyze, configure, optimize or maintain a computer. . Utility software can be seen in
many operating systems to day e.g. Windows XP, Windows Vista, Mac OS X etc. Examples
of some of the commonly used utility software may include the following; Disk
Defragmentation System Profile/Status Virus Scanners Text Editor Archive e.g. Winrar
Compression Encryption Application Launchers etc.

Application software
Application software is a program or group of programs designed for end users. These
programs are divided into two classes: system software and application software. While
system software consists of low-level programs that interact with computers at a basic level,
application software resides above system software and includes database programs. Word
processors, spreadsheets, etc. Application software may be grouped along with system
software or published alone. Some examples of application software are Photoshop, tally,
media players etc.

Peripheral component
A peripheral is generally defined as any auxiliary device such as a mouse, keyboard, hard
drive, etc. that connects to and works with the computer in some way. Other examples of
peripherals
are expansioncards, graphicscards, computers, imagescanners, tapedrives, microphones, loud
speakers, webcams, and digital cameras. Some of the peripheral devices are:

Printers
A printer is an output device that produces a printout or hard copy of the output from a
computer. There are many types of printer available and which one to choose will depend on
how much to pay for the printer, the cost of the paper and the ink it uses, what quality of print
needed and whether to going to print just text, graphics, or graphics and text together. The
most common types of printer are dot matrix, inkjet and laser printer. The speed of printers
can be measured in characters per second (CPS) or pages per minute (PPM), the higher the
values are the faster the printer can produce output.
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Dot matrix printer

Dot matrix is the type of printer which produces characters by the pattern of dots.It is also
known as impact printer as characters are created by the impact. It is relatively cheap and is
being replaced by new printers as it is noisy, slow and unable to print high resolution
graphics.

Laser printer
Laser printer is the wisely used printer. It uses same technology as photocopiers do. Most of
the laser printers are monochrome that is they use single color. However there are color laser
printers too which gives color output but is little expensive. It is wisely used in offices, banks,
educational organizations as it is small in size, has fast printing and can be used by other
computers connected in the LAN.

Ink jet printer

Inkjet Printers are very quite to operate and can produce good quality printouts of both
graphics and text. Relatively cheap color graphics can be printed using a color inkjet. They
are less expensive than laser printers. However the cost to run ink jet printer is expensive as it
uses more ink. Due to its slow rate of printing per minute they are not quite preferred.

Scanners
scanners are the devices through which data is retrieved by scanning the input which is then
displayed in the monitor.

Expansion slot
An expansion slot is a slit-like socket on the motherboard into which a circuit board can be
inserted. it is used to extend the capability of a computer. Examples of an expansion card
include the sound card and the video card. An expansion card also provides port(s), which are
connector(s) between the expansion card and the peripheral device. A port can also be built
into the system unit case of a computer, such as a mouse port.
A number of different ports is needed to connect different peripheral devices, until the
invention of standardized universal ports, such as Universal Serial Bus (USB) port and
FireWire port. Because these universal ports are being widely used, they are replacing the
need for other ports.

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Task 3
Different types of computer have different implementation area. Your task is to compare
the different types of computer system along with their features. Consider the following
hardware:

Microprocessor
Motherboards
Hard Disk
RAM
Cooling mechanism
Different cards and memories( e.g., Graphics Cards, LAN Cards, Sound Cards)

Also consider the following software

Utility software
Application software
System Software

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Computer Specification for hardware

scenario

Educational

Hospitals

Banks

organizatio

NGOs/INGO

Home users

peripherals
Microprocessors
Motherboard
Hard disk
RAM

n
quad core
Intel
320 G.B
DDR 2 G.B

Cooling

4 G.B
1 G.B
CPU fan and A.C rooms CPU fan CPU

512 M.B
Computer

Mechanism

well

should

performance

ventilated

maintained

room

I5
G41
500 G.B
DDR 2 G.B

I7
MSI
1 T.B
DDR2

I3
MSI
500 G.B
DDR2

Core 2 duo
ECS
240 G.B
DDR

be should be temperature
checked

should

regularly

checked

be should
and timely

maintenance
should
done

be

checked and

be necessary
action should
15

according
Different cards NVidia
and

Memory 1 G.B

(e.g.

Graphics

cards,

LAN

cards,

Sound

Radeon

Radeon

to be taken

its necessity
Radeon

Radeon

cards.)
Table no. 1 specification of computer hardware in different environment

Software specification for computers of different environment

Scenario
Software
Utility
software

Education
al
organizati
on
Fire wall
and antiviruses
Adobe
Photoshop,
page maker
XP or UNIX

hospitals

banks

NGOs/ING
Os

Home

Disk
defragment
er
Office
package

CC cleaner

Tune up
utilities

Disk clean
up

Applicatio
Pinnacle,
Tally,
Media
n
pumori
browsers
players,
software
games
System
Windows 7
Windows 8, XP, Vista
Windows 8
software
Linux
Table no.2 specification of different software in different environment

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