Introduction

Chapter 1

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
There are a wide range of industries that use non-woven media for liquid filtration
applications. They range from food and beverage, textile, biotech, pharmaceutical, potable
water, hydraulic oils, fuels, solvents, acids and bases. Each application has a different
contaminant that must be removed. There are many different types of nonwoven media that can
be used for these applications. The media vary by materials of construction, processing method
and performance characteristics.
1.1 FILTRATION
Filtration is the process of removing suspended solids from water by passing the water
through a permeable fabric or porous bed of materials. Filtration is defined as it is the
mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids (liquids or
gases) by interposing a medium through which only the fluid can pass. Filtration methods
include slow and rapid sand filtration, diatomaceous earth filtration, direct filtration, packaged
filtration, membrane filtration, and cartridge filtration.
1.2 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA
Nonwoven filter media is a generic term that includes a wide variety of filtration and
separation media. Needle punching is mechanical bonding method for producing nonwoven
web structure. The water flow through the nonwoven fabrics plays important role in determining
the characteristics of fabrics and efficiency of fabrics .Media filters remove suspended solids
from water. Media filters are often constructed using one or more layers of sand, gravel,
anthracite, and other inert media. As the water moves through filter media, suspended particles
are trapped within the filter. The top layer removes organic compounds, which contribute to
taste and odor. Most particles pass through surface layers but are trapped in the pore spaces
and/or adhere to particle surfaces within the media.

Introduction

Chapter 1

1.3 CARTRIDGE FILTER

1.3.1 Wound Polypropylene Micron Cartridge Filters
These are popular liquid filter cartridges that have a continuous, diagonally interlocking
weave over a supporting core. The most popular media used for these filters is a polypropylene
(PP) yarn over a PP supporting core. The winding provides tapered filter passages of controlled
size and shape. The larger particles are trapped on the outer surface and form a pre-cake. The
smaller particles are trapped within the torturous path of the winding. These filters work on the
principle of depth filtration, offering a gradual rise in pressure drop across the life of the
cartridge.
1.3.2 Micron Rating
MMP Hydro wound cartridges are offered in standard micron ratings of 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25,
50, 75 and 100. On request, customised micron rating can also be provided. The cartridges are
of nominal rating with an efficiency of 88-90%.
1.4 NON WOVENS USED IN CARTRIDGE FILTER MEDIA

1.4.1 Melt blown Polypropylene Micron Cartridge Filters

These are popular liquid filter cartridges that have multiple layers of Polypropylene Fibre,
with the strong innermost layer acting as a supporting core. The cartridges are extruded as a
single piece construction filter. The larger particles are trapped on the outer surface and form a
pre-cake. The smaller particles as trapped the liquid passes through the depth of the filter.
These filters work on the principle of depth filtration, offering a gradual rise in pressure drop
across the life of the cartridge
1.4.2 Micron Rating
MMP melt blown cartridges are offered in standard micron ratings of 1, 5, and 10.
Micron rating (0.5 Mic 100 Mic) can also be available. The cartridges are of nominal rating
with an efficiency of 88-90%.

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Chapter 1

1.5 PROPOSED NEEDLE PUNCHED NONWOVEN FOR FILTRATION

Innovative approach to Alternative for string wound and melt blown cartridge filters,
various categories of needle punched nonwovens are used for textile processing industry
effluent filtration. Take the trails with needle punched acrylic nonwoven fabric wound on
perforated plastic core tube. The model cartridge filter setups are arranged separately and
conduct the trail.
In processing industry effluent treatment the cartridge filter is used just before the
reverse osmosis feed, then acrylic nonwoven wound cartridge filter is placed and observes the
turbidity and pressure drop, then analyze the results.