Savin, C., Ritz, M., Join, J. L., & Bachelery, P. (2001).

Hydrothermal system mapped by

CSAMT on Karthala volcano, Grande Comore Island, Indian Ocean. Journal of applied
Geophysics, 48(3), 143-152. The authors review how Controlled source audiomagnetotelluric (CSAMT) has been used to investigate the resistivity structure of the
summit region of Karthala volcano. The major purpose of this CSAMT survey is to locate
the active hydrothermal system. The presence of the hydrothermal system had already been
inferred from surface evidence of hydrothermal activity and from self-potential (SP)
mapping of the Karthala summit zone. The authors using data record by CSAMT
equipment to measures the orthogonal horizontal components of the electric (E) and
magnetic (H) fields to calculate the ratio of E and H yields as apparent resistivity. Their
research focuses on to define the structure subsurface by resistivity value from
measurement. This article is useful for my research topic, as Savin et al. suggest with using
CSAMT can be determine structure subsurface and ground water recharge to determine the
potential of geothermal on these area. The main limitation on this paper is using the 1D
inversion techniques to resistivity profile analyze. Thus authors indicate the CSAMT
survey can use to define the location of the active hydrothermal system and have a deep
penetration. This article will form the basis of my research.

Suzuki, K., Toda, S., Kusunoki, K., Fujimitsu, Y., Mogi, T., & Jomori, A. (2000). Case
studies of electrical and electromagnetic methods applied to mapping active faults beneath
the thick quaternary. Engineering Geology, 56(1), 29-45. The authors review the numerous
case studies to investigate active faults using geophysical exploration methods and veried
in detail by comparison with other geological information. We have applied electric and
electromagnetic methods, which can be effective for exploring to several hundred meters
depth, to reveal geological structures covered by thick Quaternary formations at four active
fault sites in Japan. In this paper, we used the controlled source audio-frequency
magnetotelluric (CSAMT) method, the direct current (dc) resistivity method, and the
resistivity tomography method. The authors want to observe which method is appropriate
for a certain depth. Their research focuses on to define the fault and structure layer of the
rock using the resistivity value from measurement. This article is useful to determine
which method is suitable for use in the determination of the geothermal reservoir. Thus
authors indicate the CSAMT method proved useful for detecting the fault location in
bedrock down to several hundred meters deep. This article will not form the basis of my
research; however it will be useful supplementary information for my research on pay
structures.

Verma, S. P., & Santoyo, E. (1997). New improved equations for NaK, NaLi and SiO 2
geothermometers by outlier detection and rejection. Journal of Volcanology and
Geothermal Research, 79(1), 9-23. The authors review improved equation a Chemical
geothermometers are routinely applied to thermal springs and geothermal wells for
inferring subsurface temperatures in geothermal exploration and exploitation. The
authors use data from geothermometers to predicted temperatures of reservoir. Their
research focuses on to improve the equations for geothermometer analyze by evaluated the
effect of analytical errors in Na/K and SiO, geothermometers, this work was later
expanded by combining the analytical errors with those associated with the
regression analysis of the geothermometric equations and then Compare of equations
and their validation from field data. This article is useful for my research topic, as Verma
& Santoyo strongly recommended to use these improved geothermometric equations for
geothermal exploration, the result in very significantly reduced propagated errors, in
comparison with the originally proposed equations for these two geothermometers by
Foumier, Fouillac and Michard and Foumier and Potter II . Thus authors indicate from
data that new improved equation is more accurate to determine temperature reservoir. This
article will not form the basis of my research