%%%&%%%%{$%SmfF%

%333%1B
1. (30%) The tank in Figure 1 is full of water and open at the top. There is a hole
near the bottom, the diameter of which is small compared with the diameter of the
tank. What is the velocitv of the flow out the hole? If the area of the outlet hole 1
ft2 and cross-sectional area of the tank 4 ft2, what is the velocity of the flow out
the hole?
d

2. (30%) The temperature distribution across a wall 1 m thick at a certain instant of

time is given as
T(n) = a+bx+cx2

where T is in degrees Celsius and x is in meters, while a = 900C, b = -300 OC/m,

and c = -5o0c/rn2.A uniform heat generation, q = 1000 w/m3, is present in the
wall of area 10 cm2 having the properties p = 1600 kg/m3, k = 40 Wlm-K, and c, =
4mg-K.
( a ) Determine the rate of heat transfer entering the wall (x = 0) and leaving
the wall (x = 1 m)
( b ) Determine the rate of change of energy storage in the wall
( c ) Determine the time rate of temperature change at x = 0 and 0.5 m.
3. (40%) As shown in Figure 2, an open beaker, 6 cm in height, is filled with liquid benzene
at 25OC to within 0.5 cm of the top. A gentle breeze of dry air at 25OC and 1 atm is
blown by a fan across the mouth of the beaker so that evaporated benzene is
carried away by convention after it transfers through a stagnant air layer in the
beaker. The vapor pressure of benzene at 25OC is 0.13 1 atm. The mutual diffusion
coefficient for benzene in air at 25OC and 1 atm is 0.0905 cm2/s. Compute:
The intial rate of evaporation of benzene as a molar flux in mol/cm2s
(a)
(b)

The time in hours for the benzene level in the beaker to drop 2 cm form the
initial level if the specific gravity of liquid benzene is 0.874. Neglect the
accumulation of benzene and air in the stagnant layer as it increase in height.

Air 1 atm
25C

1 '1
Interface

Berizene

Beaker

Fi,gure 2

4. (30%) Convective Mass-Transfer Coefficient.

#3R%2R
A packed tower has been designed to strip component A from an aqueous stream
into a counter-flowing air stream. At a given plane in the tower, the concentrations of
the two adjacent streams are P A , G = 6 1o3 Pa and CA,L= 8 kg moll m3 of solution.
Under the given flow conditions, the overall gas mass-transfer coefficient, KG, is
Pa and 60% of the resistance to mass transfer is
equal to 4 lo-* kg mol/m2 -s
encountered in the gas phase. At the tower's operating condition of 290 K and
1.0 13 lo5 Pa, the system satisfies Henry's law with Henry's law constant of 2400
Pa/(kg moll m3).
Determine
(a) the individual gas-film coefficient, kG;
(b) the individual liquid-film coefficient, kL;
(c) the interfacial gas concentration, PA i ;
(d) the overall liquid mass-transfer coefficient, KL,; and
(e) please draw a plot showing the concentrations across the gas-liquid interface.
5. (30%) Fan Duct.
A fan draws air from the atmosphere through a 0.30-m-diameter round duct that has a
smoothly rounded entrance. A differential manometer connected to an opening in the wall
of the duct shows a vacuum pressure of 2.5 cm of water. The density of air is 1.22 k g / n ~ ~ ~
Determine the volume rate of air flow in the duct in cubic feet per second. What is the
a
horsepower output of the fan?

(a) Write down the simplified Bernoulli equation in symbols.

(b) Given 1 atm = 1.01325 * 10' Pa = 10.33 rnH2 0 , calculate

Ap=?cmH20=?Pa.
pl = ? Pa.
(c) u 1 = air velocity at point 1 which is away from the duct ? m Is.
u2 = velocity at the small opening of the duct = ? m Is.
(d) Q = volunle rate of air flow in the duct = A * v = ? m3 / s = ? ft3 1s.
(e) AU = change ofinteral energy = ? Jls.
(0 Au = change of interal energy = ? J Is.
(8) i = mass flowrate of air = ? kg Is.

(11) Note that the energy balance equation is given as

6Ws = JJ(e+ % ) p ( v - n ) d and
-7~ that
-

p3 = pressure

after the fan = pat, = pl . Therefore, Ap13 = 0

Given 1 hp = 0.7457 kW, the fan horsepower

= rn

* ? = ? W = ? hp.

6. (40%) Heat Flow Rates Through a Home Ceiling.

A cross section of a typical home ceiling is depicted below. Given the properties listed
for the materials of construction, determine how much heat is transferred through the
insulation and through the studs. Note the heat flows upwardly in the figure below.
= -l0'C
h, = 25 w / m 2. K
Touiszde

Tn,#,= 25 "C
h, = 15 w / m 2. K
kpbrrxiarr
= 0.05w / m 2. K
k
=O.5w/rn2. K
k,,, =O.1w/m2 . K

Plaster

Loose hberglass
Insulation

(a) Firstly, please use your pen or pencil to draw a rectangle inside the attached figure
to include a 36 cm wide and 17 cm tall region. Assume the depth of the rectangle is 1
m. Note the rectangle should be chosen as the repeating unit of the ceiling.
(b) Secondly, please draw a series-parallel electrical circuit to analogize the energyflow paths through the composite ceiling, using R1 to denote the bottom resistor
(expressed in hi) between indoor air and the plaster layer; R5for the one between the
outdoor air and ceiling top (due to h,); and R2, R3, & for plaster, stud, fiberglass,
respectively.
(c) Use R = 11A h for convection and R = L/k A for conduction, calculate R1,R2, R3,
%, and R5.
(d) Calculate the parallel thermal resistance composed of the stud and fiberglass.
(e) Calculate the total thermal resistance of the ceiling.
(f) Calculate the total heat flow rate through the ceiling.
(g) Calculate the temperature drop across the plaster layer.
(h) Calculate the temperature drop across the pine stud layer.
(i) Calculate the heat flow rate through the stud.
Calculate the heat flow rate through the fiberglass.

u)