A

abdomen n. 1 belly: tiy

an 2 lower
abdomen: pus
on
abject adj. 1 pitiful, miserable:
kaab
a-ab
a, ab
a, kahab
ag-hab
ag 2
despicable, contemptible: kasukl
amsukl
am, kapo
ot-po
ot
able adj. having sucient power,
skill,
etc.:
may
k
aya,
may
kakayah
an, malak
as
above adv. in a place above or
higher: sa ita
as, n
asa ita
as prep.
over, higher than, more than: sa
ib
abaw, higit sa, l
alo sa adj. superior to, not stooping to, not lowering
oneself: hindi nagpapakab
aba
absent adj. not present: liban, wal
a
v. to be absent, to stay away:
lumiban, hindi pum
asok
absolutely adv. completely: lub
os,
lub
usan
abundant adj. more than sucient,
plentiful: sag
ana, masag
ana, pasas
a
accept v. 1 to take when oered: tumangg
ap, tanggapin 2 to consent to:
pum
ayag, pay
agan, sumang-
ayon,
sang-ay
unan
accident n. 1 a casualty, mishap:
sakun
a, disgr
asya 2 by accident,
happening by chance, not forseen:
nang hindi sinasady
a, nang hindi
inaas
ahan, nang hindi kinuk
usa,
nang hindi inak
ala
accompany v. 1 to go along with:
sum
ama, sam
ahan 2 to play an accompaniment: sum
aliw, saliwan
accusation n. a charge of some offence: par
atang, bint
ang
accuse v. 1 to charge with some offence: magpar
atang, parat
angan 2 to
charge in court: magsakd
al, isakd
al,
ipagsakd
al, maghabl
a, ihabl
a, ipaghabl
a 3 to falsely accuse: magpar
atang
o parat
angan nang hindi mar
apat,
magbint
ang, pagbintang
an
accustomed adj. 1 usual, ordinary:
kinagawi
an,
kinaugalian,
kina-

pamihasn
an, kinahiratihan 2 used
to: bih
asa, san
ay, hir
ati, bant
ad
3 in the habit of: kinagawi
an,
nakagawi
an
ache n. 1 continuous pain: pangingir
ot,
pananakit,
panghahapdi,
kir
ot, sakit, hapdi 2 mental or
moral suering as dejection, grief:
pighati, dalamh
ati v. 1 to pain:
sumakit, kumir
ot 2 to suer moral
pain: magdamd
am, damdamin
acquire v. to obtain something
(as ones own): mak
uha, magtam
o,
matam
o,
tamuhin,
magkamit,
makamt
an, kamt
an
acrid adj. 1 sharp and bitter in
taste: maask
ad 2 acrid in taste, as
of unripe fruit: mapakl
a
across prep. on the other side of: sa
kabil
a, sa ib
ayo, sa kabil
ang ib
ayo o
p
anig
act n. 1 an action: gaw
a 2 doing
or carrying out:
akto, paggaw
a,
pagsasagaw
a 3 the act of a play or
drama: yugt
o 4 law, decree: bat
as
v. 1 to do: kumilos 2 to play
the part of: guman
ap (nang papel),
ganapin (ang papel) 3 to behave:
kumilos, umany
o, mag-any
o 4 to
conduct ones self: mag-
asal, um
asal
acting adj. performing: gumagan
ap
active adj. 1 quick: maliksi 2
alive: buh
ay 3 industrious, diligent:
mas
ugid, masipag, masig
asig 4
lively: masigl
a
acute adj. 1 severe, intense: matindi
2 keen: mat
alas 3 in medicine,
coming to a crisis quickly, serious:
malal
a, malubh
a
add v. 1 to join (together):
mags
ama,
is
ama,
pagsam
ahin,
magdugt
ong, idugt
ong 2 to put
with: maglag
ay, lagy
an, ilag
ay
3 to mix: maglah
ok, lahuk
an,
ilah
ok 4 to increase: magdagd
ag,
idagd
ag, dagdag
an 5 to extend, say
something more: idugt
ong
address n. 1 a speech: talump
ati,
disk
urso 2 the place where one lives:

adequate
tir
ahan, tinitirh
an, direksiy
on
v. 1 to give an address or speech:
magtalump
ati, magdisk
urso, dumisk
urso 2 to speak to (someone):
kaus
apin
adequate adj.
quite
sucient:
hust
o, k
asiya, k
asya, sap
at
adhere v. 1 to stick to: dumikit,
manikit, dikit
an, kum
apit, kapitan
2 to belong to (in an attached
manner): um
anib, aniban 3 to unite
in agreement: um
ayon, ay
unan,
sumang-
ayon, sang-ay
unan
adjust v. 1 to t, to arrange: i
ayos,
isa
ayos, ay
usin 2 to adapt: iakm
a,
pag-akmain, it
ama, pagtam
ain,
ib
agay, pagbag
ayin 3 to adapt
oneself: makib
agay
admit v. 1 to permit entrance:
magpap
asok, papas
ukin 2 to confess, to accept: um
amin, aminin,
tumangg
ap, tanggapin, kumil
ala,
kilal
anin
admonition n. 1 caution, warning:
babal
a, paun
awa, paala
ala 2 act of
reminding or warning: pagpapaal
ala,
pagpapaun
awa
adore v. 1 to worship as a deity:
sumamb
a, sambahin 2 to love very
much: pakamahalin 3 to like very
much (coll.): gust
ung-gust
o
adrift adj/adv. oating without
being guided, drifting: natatang
ay
(nadadal
a) ng a
gos o a
lon
advantage n. 1 a benet: kapakinab
angan, pakin
abang, kabutihan,
bent
aha, bent
ahe 2 to be beneted by, to prot by: makin
abang,
pakinab
angan, mapakin
abang 3 to
take advantage of, to make use
of: magsamantal
a, samantalahin,
pagsamantalah
an 4 to get or have
the advantage over, to outdo:
lumam
ang, malamang
an, lamang
an,
dumaig, madaig, daigin
advertisement n. 1 announcement:
anunsiy
o, paanunsiy
o 2 a commercial announcement: patalast
as
advice v. 1 an opinion about what

age
should be done: p
ayo, pang
aral,
tagubilin 2 news, information:
balita, pabalita 3 a notication:
patalast
as, abiso 4 an instruction:
tagubilin 5 to ask advice, to consult:
magkons
ulta, kumons
ulta, ikons
ulta,
sumangg
uni, sangguniin, isangg
uni
6 to give advice, to advise: magp
ayo,
pay
uhan, pagpay
uhan, ip
ayo
aection n. 1 strong, tender attachment: pagmamah
al 2 love: pag-ibig,
pags
uyo, pagsint
a
aiction n. 1 grief: dalamh
ati,
pagdadalamh
ati 2 sorrow: lungk
ot,
kalungk
utan, lumb
ay, kalumbay
an
3 pain: sakit, hapdi, kir
ot 4
sickness: karamd
aman, sakit 5
distress: kahir
apan 6 misfortune:
kasawiang-p
alad
aame adv/ adj. in ames, on re:
nag-a
alab, nagniningas, nagliliy
ab,
naglalagabl
ab, nasus
unog
afraid adj. 1 frightened, feeling
fear: tak
ot 2 to be afraid: mat
akot 3
to scare: tum
akot, man
akot, tak
utin
4 to feel uneasy about: mangamb
a,
ipangamb
a 5 to dread: kabah
an
after adv. following the course of,
later than: pagkat
apos, pagkara
an,
makalipas adj. later, following:
kasun
od prep. according to, based
on: b
atay, alinsun
od
afternoon n. h
apon
afterwards adv. later: pagkat
apos,
pagkara
an, pagkalipas
again adv. 1 at a second or another
time: muli, uli, na nam
an 2 once
more: minsan pa, muli pa, is
a pa 3
again and again: mulit muli, pa
ulitu
lit, u
lit-
ulit
against prep. 1 in opposition to:
l
aban, k
ontra, salung
at 2 contrary
to: lab
ag, salung
at 3 upon: sa
age n. 1 the time of life: g
ulang,
ed
ad 2 a period of time: panah
on,
kapanah
unan 3 of legal age: n
asa
karapat
ang g
ulang, n
asa ed
ad, n
asa
hust
ong g
ulang 4 of minor age:
wal
a pa sa ed
ad, wal
a pa sa g
ulang,

agency
men
or de ed
ad 5 of the same age:
kaed
ad 6 of the same period, era:
kapanah
unan 7 old age: katanda
an
v. 1 to become old: tumand
a 2 to
make old: magpatand
a, makatand
a,
patandain
agency n. an agents oce or district: ahensiya
agree v. to suit one especially climate, food, etc.: mahiy
ang, maging
hiy
ang syn bum
agay, bag
ayan,
maging b
agay 1 to be good for one:
makab
uti 2 to be in accord with:
sumang-
ayon, sang-ay
unan
agreement n. 1 a mutual understanding: kasund
uan 2 harmony:
pagkakasund
o, pagkakais
a, pagkakasuw
ato 3 an arrangement: tip
anan 4
a bargain, deal, contract: kontr
ata,
pagkakayari, kasund
uan
aid n. 1 help, support: t
ulong,
pant
ulong 2 succor, relief: sakl
olo 3
a helper, an assistant: kat
ulong v.
1 to help: tum
ulong, tul
ungan 2 to
give relief: sumakl
olo, saklol
ohan
aim n. 1 an intention: l
ayon,
lay
unin, tung
uhin, b
alak 2 a purpose: sady
a, dahil
an, p
akay 3 the
act of pointing a rearm: puntiry
a,
punteriy
a, pagpuntiry
a, pagt
utok
v. 1 to direct or point something
such as a gun: pumuntiry
a, ipuntiry
a, puntiryahin, pumunteriy
a,
ipunteriy
a, punteriyahin, umasint
a,
iasint
a, asintahin 2 to intend:
magb
alak, bal
akin
airport n. the place for airplanes to
land at and start from: palip
aran,
himpilan ng erupl
ano
aisle n. space between rows of seats
in a church, theatre, etc.: pagitan,
da
anan
alight adv/adj.
1
on
re:
nagniningas 2 lighted up, bright:
maliw
anag, nagliliw
anag
alike adj. similar, like one another:
magkamukh
a,
magkakamukh
a,
magkat
ulad, magkahawig, magkapareho adv. similarly, in the same

angry
way: magkat
ulad
all n. 1 everyone, every one of: lah
at,
lah
at-lah
at, ang lah
at 2 each and
everyone: b
awat is
a adj. 1 entire:
bu
o, tan
an, kabuo
an 2 above all:
higit sa lah
at
allegory n. a representation of a gurative story: alegoriya, talingh
aga
alley n. a narrow back street: eskina,
eskinita, kalyeh
on
all right adj. 1 correct: t
ama,
tump
ak, wast
o 2 yes:
oo 3 good
enough: mab
uti
alphabet n.
abak
ada, alpabeto,
bayb
ayin
already adv. before or by this time:
na
also adv. in addition, besides, too,
likewise: rin, din, pati, man, nam
an,
gay
un ,din
altar n. alt
ar, damb
ana
although conj. though: k
ahit na,
k
ahit man, maski, bagam
an
altitude n. height: ta
as
always adv. at all times: l
agi,
par
ati, pal
agi, pirme
ambition n. 1 a wish, intention:
adhika, ambisy
on, hang
arin 2 a
fervent or tenacious wish, desire or
ideal: lunggati mithi
amusement n. recreation, diversion: lib
angan, aliwan, dibersiy
on
angelus n. prayer: orasy
on
anger n. 1 vindictive passion: g
alit,
pagkag
alit 2 a suppressed anger
or rage: ngitngit, pagngingitngit 3
hatred: po
ot, kapoot
an v. 1 to
anger, make angry: magpag
alit,
ikag
alit, galitin, pagalitin 2 to feel
anger or be angry: mag
alit 3 to
feel anger but to be suppressing
it: magngitngit 4 to cause anger:
makag
alit, ikag
alit
angry adj. 1 galit 2 to get angry:
mag
alit 3 to make angry, provoke:
magpag
alit, galitin 4 to feel angry
but to be suppressing it: magngitngit 5 to show an angry face:
sumim
angot, simang
utan, mandilat,

anguish
pandil
atan
anguish n. 1 very great pain or
grief: h
apis, dalamh
ati, s
akit,
panggigipusp
os 2 to be in anguish:
magdalamh
ati
animal n. a beast: h
ayop
annex v. to join or add (a small
thing) to a large thing: magdugt
ong,
idugt
ong, dugtung
an, magdagd
ag,
dagdag
an, idagd
ag n. an addition
to a building: dugt
ong, dagd
ag
annoy v. 1 to feel annoyed: mayam
ot
2 to feel annoyed because of some
monotonous or continuous act:
mabag
ot, mabuwisit 3 to cause
annoyance to, to annoy: mangyam
ot
4 to molest, disturb: mang-ab
ala,
abal
ahin 5 to pester: mambuwisit,
buwisitin, manggul
o 6 to tease:
manuks
o, tuksuhin 7 to make angry:
magpag
alit, galitin
another adj. 1 dierent: ib
a 2 one
more: is
a pa pron. a dierent one,
someone else: ib
a
answer n. reply to a question, etc.:
sag
ot, tug
on v. to reply: sumag
ot,
sagutin
ant n. 1 small insect: langg
am 2 a
big type of ant: hantik 3 ying ant:
gamugam
o
antiquated adj.
1 out-of-date,
old-fashioned: sina
una, makal
uma
2 obsolete: lip
as na, la
os
anxious adj. 1 worrried, uneasy,
restless: balisa, hindi mapalag
ay,
nababah
ala 2 earnestly desirous
or longing for something: sabik,
nanamabik 3 to be anxious, to be
worried: mabah
ala, mag-ala
ala,
mag-alal
a, alalah
anin, mag-
agamagam, mabalisa

anything adv. at all: man l

amang
n. a thing of any kind: anum
ang
b
agay pron. any thing: anum
an,
k
ahit an
o, k
ahit na an
o, maski an
o
apology n. 1 asking pardon: paghingi ng t
awad (paumanhin) 2 an
explanation:
paliw
anag
(pagpapaliw
anag) tungk
ol sa nagaw
ang

approach
s
ala o pagkuk
ulang
append v. to add, to attach:
magdagd
ag,
idagd
ag,
magl
akip,
mags
ama, is
ama, ilakip
appetite n. 1 a relish for food
or drink: g
ana 2 a desire, inclination: hilig, gust
o, pagkagust
o,
pagkakagust
o
applaud v. 1 to show approval by
clapping the hands: pumalakp
ak
palakpak
an 2 to praise or approve:
pum
uri, purihin
applause n. 1 approval expressed
by clapping hands, shouting, etc.:
mga palakp
ak, palakp
akan 2 praise:
pap
uri, pagp
uri
apple n. mans
anas
apply v. 1 to put on: magp
atong,
pat
ungan,
ip
atong,
maglag
ay,
lagy
an, ilag
ay 2 magp
ahid, pahiran,
ip
ahid 3 to use, to put in use as
a rule or law: gum
amit, gamitin,
magsagaw
a, isagaw
a 4 to apply
for work: magprisint
a, magprisinta,
mag-apl
ay, aplay
an 5 to apply
gently and lightly: magdampi,
idampi, dampi
an
apprehend v. 1 to seize, arrest: hum
uli, mah
uli, hulihin,
dumakip, m
adakip, dakipin, dakpin,
sumungg
ab,
sunggab
an
2
to
understand:
umun
awa,
maunaw
aan, unaw
ain 3 to comprehend:
umintindi, maintindih
an, intindihin
4 to expect with anxiety or fear:
mangamb
a, mabah
ala, mabag
abag
apprehension n. 1 a seizing or arrest: pagh
uli, pagkah
uli, pagkakah
uli,
pagdakip, pagkadakip, pagkakadakip
2 a fear or dread of future evil:
pangamb
a, pagkabah
ala, bag
abag,
pagkabag
abag
approach v. to drag near: lum
apit,
lapitan n. 1 the way by which
a place can be reached: da
ang
pat
ungo, da
an sa pagpunt
a 2 the
act of contacting (approaching) a
person: pagl
apit, pakikipagkita 3
the act of coming near: pagl
apit,

appropriate
pags
apit
appropriate adj.
suitable,
t:
b
agay, angk
op, wast
o, akm
a,
kar
apat-d
apat v. 1 to take for
oneself to the exclusion of others:
kumamk
am, kamkamin, umangkin,
angkinin 2 to set apart for some specic use: magla
an, ila
an, paglaan
an,
magtakd
a, itakd
a, pagtakda
an
apt adj.
1 likely:
malam
ang,
maa
ari, posible 2 quick to learn:
matalino, madaling mat
uto 3 tted
or suited: b
agay, nabab
agay, akm
a,
naaakm
a,
angk
op,
naaangk
op,
tugm
a, natutugm
a, kar
apat-d
apat
area n. 1 district: pur
ok 2 a region:
po
ok 3 extent: laki, l
awak 4 the size
or measurement: laki, s
ukat 5 part:
bah
agi 6 area of specialization:
lar
angan
arm n. 1 the part of a persons
body: bisig, br
aso 2 arm twisted
or crooked: pingk
aw, k
omang 3 to
fold the arms: maghalukipkip (ng
kam
ay), ihalukipkip (ng kam
ay)
arms n. weapons: mga arm
as, mga
sand
ata
army n. 1 an organized group of
soldiers: hukb
o, a
rmi 2 a multitude, very large number: kulup
on,
kulump
ol, kulup
ol
around adv/ prep. on all sides
of: sa palibot, sa palibut-libot, sa
paligid, sa paligid-ligid adj. 1
about: humigit-kum
ulang 2 to go
around: maglib
ot, maglib
ut-lib
ot,
magpalibut-libot, lib
utin, lumigid,
magligid-ligid,
magpaligid-ligid,
ligirin 3 to look around (by turning
the head): lumingos, luminga
arrest v. 1 to seize by authority
of law: hum
uli, hulihin, dumakip,
dakipin, dakpin, umaresto, arestuhin
2 to stop, to check: pumigil, pigilin,
mapigil,
magpatigil,
patigilin,
magpahint
o, pahintuin 3 to be attracted or xed, e.g. ones attention:
ma
akit, map
ako ang tingin 4 to
cease: tumigil, tigilan, itigil n.

assault
1 the act of arresting or seizing:
pagh
uli, pagdakip, pag-aresto 2
a checking or stopping: pagpigil,
pagkapigil,
pagkakapigil,
pagpapatigil, pagkapatigil, pagkakapatigil
arrival n. 1 act of arriving: dating,
pagdating 2 eventuality: pagsip
ot,
paglit
aw, pags
apit
arrive v. 1 to come: dumating,
sumip
ot 2 to make ones appearance: sumip
ot, lumit
aw 3 to reach
the end of a journey: sum
apit,
is
apit, dumating, idating
arrow n. 1 the thing that is shot
from a bow: palas
o 2 bow and
arrow: p
ana
art n. 1 skill: kasan
ayan 2 principles
or methods: para
an, sistema 3 as
in drawing, painting, acting: sining,
arte

articial adj. 1 made by human

skill or labor, not natural: artipisy
al,
hindi t
unay, hindi natur
al 2 pretended or make believe: pakunwari,
gaw
a-gaw
a l
amang 3 hypocritical:
pakitang-t
ao
aside adv. 1 apart, besides: buk
od sa
2 on one side, to one side: sa is
ang
tabi 3 to set aside or apart: magbuk
od, ibuk
od
ask v. 1 to ask a question: magtan
ong, tanungin, itan
ong 2 to
request: humingi, hing
an, hingin,
pamanhikan, maki
usap, pakius
apan,
ipaki
usap 3 to ask on behalf of:
ihingi, ipanghingi 4 to invite: magany
aya, anyay
ahan, kumumbid
a,
mangumbid
a, kumbidahin
asleep adj. 1 sleeping: tul
og,
natut
ulog 2 half-asleep, half-awake:
alimpung
at, naaalimpung
atan 3 to
fall asleep: makat
ulog, maidlip
assault v. 1 to attack: sumal
akay,
salak
ayin 2 to attack, esp. in force:
lum
usob, lus
ubin 3 to attack ercely:
dumal
uhong, daluh
ungin 4 to assault a person in a scue: um
away,
aw
ayin, bum
abag, bab
agin 5 to seize
and take by force, rape: gumah
asa,

assiduity
manggah
asa, gahas
ain n. an
attack: sal
akay, pagsal
akay, l
usob,
pagl
usob, dal
uhong, pagdal
uhong,
gah
asa, paggah
asa
assiduity n. 1 diligence: sig
asig,
kasigasigan, pagsusumikap 2 industry: sipag, kasip
agan 3 zeal: sikap,
pagsisikap, pagsusumikap 4 constancy in work: tiyag
a, pagtitiyag
a,
katiyaga
an
assiduous adj. diligent: masig
asig,
masikap, mapagsumikap, matiyag
a,
mapagtiyag
a
assume v. 1 to take for granted,
suppose: magpalag
ay, ipalag
ay, ipagpalag
ay 2 to have the appearance
of, to pretend: magkunw
a, magkunwari, pagkunwari
an, mag-any
o,
magpangg
ap 3 to suppose something
to be true: mag-ak
ala, akal
ain
attack n. 1 attacking: sal
akay,
pagsal
akay, l
usob, pagl
usob, at
ake,
pag-at
ake 2 an attack of sickness:
at
ake, sump
ong 3 an attack in
words: tuligs
a, batikos, at
ake
v. 1 assail: sumal
akay, salak
ayin,
lum
usob, lus
ubin 2 to attack with
force and fury, esp. when desperate:
dumal
uhong, daluh
ungin 3 to assail
by speech: manuligs
a, tumuligs
a,
tuligsain,
bumatikos,
batik
usin,
mag-at
ake, umat
ake, atakihin 4 to
suer an attack of sickness: atakihin,
sumpungin
attend v. 1 to be present at: dumal
o, dal
uhan 2 to take charge
of: mag-asik
aso, asikas
uhin 3 to
care for: mag-al
aga, alag
aan 4
to wait on, to go with: umasist
e,
asistih
an, magsilbe, pagsilbih
an,
maglingk
od, paglingkur
an, humar
ap,
harapin, umasik
aso, asikas
uhin 5 to
heed: makinig, pakingg
an, dinggin
6 to regard or listen to, to obey:
sumun
od, sundin, makinig, dinggin,
pakingg
an
auditorium n. a large building for
an audience, a large hall: odit
oryum,
audit
oryum, awdit
oryum, malaking

baby
bulw
agan
aunt n. 1 sister of ones father or
mother: tiy
a, tiya, kak
a 2 an uncles
wife: tiy
ahin
avoid v. 1 to keep out of the way
of: umiwas, iw
asan, umilag, il
agan 2
to keep away from: lumay
o, layu
an,
mangilag, pangil
agan 3 to go aside
from, to be o the path: lumihis, lihis
an
awake v. 1 to wake up: gumising,
gisingin, magising 2 to be awake to,
to be aware of, to know: mal
aman,
mabatid, mam
ulat 3 to stay awake
at night: magpuy
at, pagpuy
atan,
magl
amay, paglam
ayan 4 to arouse
or awaken suddenly: gumulant
ang,
magulant
ang, gulantangin adj. 1
not asleep: gising 2 newly awaked,
half-awake and showing sleepiness
in the eyes: pupung
as-pung
as,
naaalimpung
atan
awaken v. to rouse from sleep,
to wake up: gumising, gisingin,
pum
ukaw, puk
awin
award n. prize: gantimp
ala, premyo
v. to grant: magkalo
ob, ipagkalo
ob,
pagkaloob
an, magg
awad, ig
awad,
gaw
aran
awareness n. pagkabatid, kabatiran,
pagkaal
am, pagkaun
awa
awkward adj. 1 not graceful in
movement, clumsy: saliw
a, lamp
a,
asiw
a 2 not well suited to use:
hindi mab
uti, hindi akm
a, hindi
b
agay, hindi angk
op 3 not easily
managed: mahirap 4 embarrassing: nakahihiy
a, kahiyahiy
a 5
inappropriate: alang
an
awning n. a rooike cover as of canvas, extended over or in front of a
place: sibi, pasibi
axe n. a tool for chopping wood:
palak
ol

B
baby n. 1 a very young child, infant:

back
sangg
ol 2 a child: b
ata 3 young:
b
ata
back n. 1 part of a persons body:
lik
od 2 the back of an animal: lik
od,
gulug
od 3 the back of a chair or
couch: sand
alan 4 the part opposite
the front: lik
od 5 the space at the
back: likur
an 6 the back seat, e.g.
of an auto: huli, hulih
an, lik
od,
likur
an adj. behind in time: huli,
nakara
an adv. behind: sa huli,
sa likur
an v. 1 to back, to go or
cause to go backward as a vehicle:
um
urong, magpa
urong, paur
ungin,
i
urong, umatr
as, iatr
as atras
an
2 to back down, to withdraw:
um
urong, ur
ungan, i
urong, 3 to
backslide, to return to former vice,
etc: manumb
alik sa d
ating bisyo
bad adj. 1 not good: masam
a 2
spoiled, e.g. food: sir
a, panis 3
rotten: bul
ok 4 severe: matindi 5
bad odor: mab
aho n. 1 evil:
sam
a, kasama
an, kasam
aan 2 bad
luck: m
alas, kamal
asan v. 1 to go
from bad to worse: magpakasam
a,
sumam
a nang sumam
a 2 to feel
bad , to feel unwell: sumam
a ang
pakiramd
am 3 to feel displeased or
hurt: maghinanakit, magdamd
am
interj. Too bad!: S
ayang!
badge n. 1 metal badge worn on
breast: ts
apa 2 a badge on the
arm: insigniya 3 a sign or emblem:
sagisag, palatand
aan, tand
a
bag n. 1 a suitcase: maleta, maletin
2 a paper or cloth bag: s
upot 3 a bag
made of woven palm ber: bay
ong
4 a handbag: h
andbag, h
anbag 5 a
sack: s
ako v. 1 to kill or catch
in hunting: hum
uli, mah
uli, hulihin,
pumat
ay, mapat
ay, patayin 2 to put
in a bag: mags
upot, is
upot
bail n. the guarantee necessary
to get a person free from arrest
until he is to appear for trial:
piy
ansa, l
agak, v. to obtain such
freedom: magpiy
ansa, pumiy
ansa,
piy
ansahan

bargain
bait n. 1 for catching sh, rats, etc.:
p
ain 2 to set a bait: magp
ain, painan
v. to torment by unkind or annoying remarks: magpas
akit, pasakitan
bakery n. bakers shop: panadery
a
balcony n. 1 an upper oor in
a theater or hall with seats for
an audience: p
alko 2 projecting
platform with an entrance from an
upper oor of a building: balk
on,
balkon
ahe 3 a rooess veranda or
terrace over a porch: asotea
bald adj. 1 wholly or partly without hair on the head: kalb
o, pan
ot
2 completely bald but made so by a
close hair cut or shaving the head:
pin
anot, kinalb
o v. to shave the
head: kalbuhin, pan
utin
ball n. 1 a playing ball: b
ola 2 a formal dance: b
ayle, say
awan
balloon n. airtight bag lled with
some gas: l
obo
bamboo n. 1 kaw
ayan 2 bamboo
grove: kawayan
an 3 split bamboo:
tinil
ad na kaw
ayan, patp
at, palatp
at
banana n. 1 the fruit of the banana
plant: s
aging 2 the banana plant:
p
unong-s
aging
bar n. 1 an iron bar: b
aras na
b
akal, kabilya 2 iron or steel grill:
rehas na b
akal 3 a counter or place
for drinking: bar, barikan 4 the
legal profession: bar 5 an obstacle:
hadl
ang, sag
abal v. 1 to forbid:
magb
awal, pagbaw
alan, ipagb
awal 2
to block: maghadl
ang, humadl
ang,
hadlang
an, mahadlang
an 3 to lock
or bolt: magtrank
a, magtarangk
a,
tarangkah
an
barefoot adj/adv. without shoes
or stockings: nakayap
ak, yap
ak,
nakatap
ak, tap
ak, nakapa
a, pa
a-pa
a
barely adv. 1 scarcely: bahagy
a na
2 only just: h
alos
bargain n. 1 an agreement: kasund
uan 2 something oered for
sale cheap or bought very cheap:
is
ang kasund
uan iy
on 3 a bargain
sale: baratilyo, amoneda v. 1 to

bark
agree beforehand concerning something: magkasund
o, pagkasundu
an,
makipagkasund
o, magkaunaw
aan,
makipag-unawa
an 2 to trade: ipagpalit, makipagpalit 3 to make a
bargain, to buy at a cheap price:
makam
ura 4 to try to get a good
deal: mataw
aran, makipagtawar
an,
tum
awad
bark n. outside covering of the
trunk and branches of a tree: bal
at
ng k
ahoy v. 1 to remove bark from
a tree: magbal
at, balat
an, mag-
upak,
up
akan 2 to scrape or be scraped o,
e.g. the skin: gumasg
as, gasgasin,
magasg
as, magasgas
an, tumukl
ap,
matukl
ap, tuklapin, matuklap
an
bark n. sound made by a dog, etc:
tah
ol, kah
ol v. 1 to bark as a dog:
tumah
ol, tahul
an, kumah
ol, kahul
an
2 to shout out: sumig
aw, sigaw
an
bashful adj. shrinking from notice,
shy: mahiy
ain, dung
o v. to be
bashful: madung
o, mahiy
a
basin n. 1 a wash basin or dish:
palangg
ana 2 one attached to the
wall, sink: lab
abo
bat n. a ying animal that looks like
a mouse: paniki
bat n. a stick of club used to hit the
ball in baseball, cricket, etc: bat v.
to hit a ball with a bat: pum
alo ng
b
ola, pal
uin ang b
ola
bath n. 1 a washing of the body:
paligo, paliligo 2 a sponge bath:
p
unas, bany
os 3 a room or other
place for bathing: paligu
an 4 a tub
for bathing: banyera 5 to take a
bath: maligo 6 to take or give a
sponge bath: magp
unas, pun
asan,
magb
anyos, banyus
an
bathe v. 1 to take a bath: maligo
2 to give a bath to another: magpaligo, palig
uan 3 to pour over:
magh
ugas, hug
asan 4 to cover or be
covered: maligo, palig
uan
bathroom n. a room for taking baths: b
anyo, paligu
an, silid
paligu
an

become
bay n. part of a sea or lake: lo
ok,
d
agat
be v. There is no real verb to be in
Tagalog. He is rich: May
aman siy
a.
Siy
ay may
aman. Ay is only a ligature.
beach n. a sandy seaside: apl
aya,
tabing-d
agat,
bayb
ayin,
dalampasigan v. to cause to run ashore:
isads
ad
bean n. 1 pod (kidney or lima)
bean: pat
ani, bin, bins 2 string
atong
bean: sitaw 3 soybean: bal
4 small type of kidney bean:
bitsuw
elas, habitsuwelas
bear v. 1 to endure or to be able
to endure: magbat
a, mabat
a,
batahin, magtiis, tiisin, pagtiis
an,
mapagtiis
an 2 to carry or be able
to carry: madal
a, dalhin, mak
aya,
kay
ahin
beat v. 1 to strike with hand, stick,
slippers, etc: pum
alo, mam
alo,
pal
uin, manghamp
as, hampasin 2
to beat with a club: bumugb
og,
bugbugin 3 to beat by pounding
with a stone, hammer, or heavy
piece of wood: pumukp
ok, pukpukin
4 to beat to helplessness: gumulpi,
gulpihin 5 to pulsate as the heart
does: tumib
ok 6 to mix by beating:
magbati, bumati, batihin 7 to defeat:
tum
alo, tal
unin 8 to be defeated:
mat
alo n. 1 the heart beat:
tib
ok ng p
uso 2 the beat in music:
kump
as, tiyempo
beauty n. gand
a, kagand
ahan
beautiful adj. 1 very pleasing to the
senses or mind: magand
a 2 pretty:
marikit 3 lovely: kaibig-ibig 4 charming: maalind
og, ka
akit-
akit
because conj. 1 for the reason that:
sapagk
at, pagk
at, kasi, sa dahil
ang,
d
ahil sa 2 by reason of: d
ahil sa,
dahil
an sa 3 since, whereas, in as
much as: y
amang, yay
amang 4 for
this reason, for that reason, on this
account: palibh
asa
become v. 1 to come to be: maging

bed
2 suit, look well on: bum
agay
bed n. 1 a resting place or bed:
k
ama, k
atre, hig
aan, hihig
an 2
a low, bamboo bed: p
apag 3 the
ground under a body of water:
il
alim
bedroom n. tulug
an, silid-tulug
an
beetle n. 1 a coconut beetle (large
and black): uw
ang 2 a greenish beetle with golden back: salagint
o 3 a
beetle often found in mango trees:
salag
ubang
beg v. 1 to ask for alms: magpalim
os, mamalim
os, manghingi
ng lim
os 2 to ask earnestly: magmaka
awa, ipagmaka
awa, sum
amo,
magsum
amo, is
amo, maki
usap,
pakius
apan
beggar n. one who lives by begging,
a very poor person: pul
ubi
begin v. to start, commence:
magsimul
a, simul
an, mag-umpis
a,
umpisah
an
beginning n. 1 the start, commencement, time when anything
begins: simul
a, pasimul
a, umpis
a
2 origin, source: pinagsimul
an,
pinagmul
an, pinanggalingan
begrudge v. 1 to envy: mainggit,
kainggit
an 2 to be reluctant to
give: magmaram
ot, pagmaramut
an,
ipagmaram
ot 3 to refuse: magkait,
pagkait
an, ipagkait
behead v. to cut o the head:
pum
ugot ng u
lo, pug
utan ng u
lo
behind prep. at the back of: sa
lik
od ng, sa likur
an ng adv. 1 at
the rear: sa huli (hulih
an) 2 not to
schedule: huli, atras
ado
belch v. 1 to throw out gas from
the stomach through the mouth:
dumigh
ay, idigh
ay 2 to throw out
with force: magbug
a, ibug
a n.
a throwing out of gas from the
stomach, to burp: digh
ay, pagdigh
ay
belief n. 1 the act of believing:
paniw
ala 2 thing believed in:
pinaniniwal
aan 3 spiritual faith:
pananampalat
aya 4 trust, con-

beside
dence: tiw
ala, pagtitiw
ala 5 an
opinion: palag
ay, paniw
ala
believe v. to think something is true
or real: maniw
ala, paniwal
aan
belly n. 1 the abdomen: tiy
an 2
lower abdomen: pus
on
belongings n. 1 the things that
belong to a person, possessions:
ari-arian 2 property and money:
kabuh
ayan, ari-arian, pag-a
ari
beloved adj/n. someone held dear:
mah
al, minamah
al, giliw, ginigiliw,
sint
a, sinisint
a
below adv. 1 beneath, down: sa
ibab
a 2 downstairs: sa ibab
a, sa
silong, sa l
upa prep. underneath:
sa il
alim ng...
belt n. 1 for clothes: sintur
on 2 belt
for a machine: kurea o koreya v. 1
to put a belt on: magsintur
on, sinturun
an 2 to beat with a belt: sinturunin
bend v. 1 to bend down or forward,
to stoop: yumuk
o, iyuk
o 2 to bend
something: magbalukt
ot, mabalukt
ot,
ibalukt
ot, baluktutin, magbalikuk
o,
mabalikuk
o, ibalikuk
o, balikukuin
3 to curve or shape by curving:
hum
ubog, hub
ugin 4 to bend or
curve as a road: kumurb
a, lumik
o
n. a curve or turn: k
urba, lik
o
benet n. 1 prot: pakin
abang,
kapakinab
angan 2 advantage: b
uti,
kabutihan, kaparar
akan 3 a benet
show: benepisyo v. 1 to be of
benet, to prot by: mapakin
abang,
mapal
a, mahit
a 2 to do good to,
to help: makab
uti, makat
ulong
bent adj. 1 crooked: balukt
ot,
balikuk
o 2 in a stooping position,
hunchback: k
uba 3 determined:
disidido
beriberi n. an oriental disease
caused by lack of vitamin B:
beriberi, man
as
beside prep. 1 by the side of: sa
tabi..., sa piling... 2 near, close to:
katabi, mal
apit, kapiling, kasiping,
n
asa tabi... 3 away from, not con-

bet
cerning: lab
as, mal
ayo v. 1 to be
beside: sumiping, isiping, sipingan,
tumabi, itabi, tabih
an 2 to put or
place beside: itabi, isiping
bet n. a wager: pust
a, pust
ahan,
tay
a v. 1 to bet: pumust
a, pustah
an, pust
a 2 to bet with another:
magpust
ahan, makipagpust
ahan
betel n. the betel palm and also its
fruit: b
unga, ikm
o, ng
anga
betrothed n. a person engaged to
be married: katip
an adj. engaged:
magn
obyo
beyond prep. 1 on the other side of:
sa kabil
a ng..., sa ib
ayo ng... 2 later
than, past: lamp
as, lagp
as 3 out of
reach, superior to: di ab
ot, di ma
abot
big adj. 1 large: malaki 2 important:
mahalag
a
bill n. 1 an account: kuwenta,
u
tang 2 a debt: u
tang 3 a banknote, paper money: salaping papel,
papel de b
angko 4 a proposed law:
panuk
alang-bat
as 5 a handbill, notice: patalast
as, paun
awa, babal
a,
kartel 6 the beak of a bird: tuk
a
v. to send a bill to: magpadal
a
ng kuwenta, ipadal
a ang kuwenta,
sumingil, maningil, singilin
billfold n. kartera, portamon
eda
bird n. ibon
bitter adj. 1 mapait 2 sour, such as
vinegar, lemon juice, etc: ma
asim
3 acrid, tart: mapakl
a 4 pungent:
maangh
ang 5 bitter feeling, resentment, hurt: malaking sam
a ng lo
ob,
g
alit, hinanakit
black adj. 1 without any light,
dark: madilim 2 unhappy, gloomy:
malungk
ot n/adj. the opposite of
white: itim, maitim n. 1 a black
person: itim, negro 2 the absence
of light, darkness: dilim, kadilim
an,
kariml
an v. 1 to make black,
to blacken: magpaitim, itimin,
paitimin, itim
an 2 to wear black in
mourning: magluks
a
blackberries n. a small, black or
purple fruit: blakberi, lumb
oy, d
uhat

10

blow
blackboard n. dark, smooth surface
for writing on: pis
ara
blacksmith n. 1 a man who works
with iron: pand
ay 2 a worker in iron:
magbabak
al
blast n. an explosion or the sound
caused by an explosion: put
ok, pagput
ok v. to blow up (rocks, earth,
etc) by dynamite: magpas
abog,
pasab
ugin
blaze v. 1 to burn with bright ame:
magliy
ab, pagliyabin 2 to burn with
a small blaze or ame: magdingas,
dumingas 3 to blaze with anger:
mag-
alab sa g
alit n. 1 a bright
ame: liy
ab, dingas, ningas 2 the
state of being bright with ame:
pagdiringas, pagliliy
ab, pag-a
alab
bleed v. 1 dumug
o, paduguin 2 to
bleed much: magdug
o, duguin 3 to
take blood from: k
unan ng dug
o
blindfold v. to cover the eyes of:
magpiring adj. with the eyes
covered: nakapiring
blister n. small watery sack on the
skin: palt
os v. to blister: magpalt
os
block n. 1 a solid piece of wood,
stone or the like: tip
ak, bl
oke 2 an
obstruction: sag
abal, hadl
ang 3 a
number of buildings close together:
bl
oke v. 1 to ll up so as to
prevent passage: bumar
a, barah
an,
mabarah
an, magh
arang, har
angan,
mahar
angan 2 to stop, to impede: pumigil, pigilan, humadl
ang,
hadlang
an
blood n. dug
o
blow n. 1 a hit with the st: sunt
ok,
d
agok 2 a blow with a whip or stick:
p
alo, hamp
as, bugb
og 3 the blow
of the wind, sudden blow or gush:
ihip v. 1 to give a blow, to strike
with the st: sumunt
ok, suntukin
2 to strike or give a blow with a
whip, stick, etc.: pum
alo, pal
uin,
humamp
as, hampasin, bumugb
og,
bugbugin 3 to give a blow with the
elbow and shoulder: dagilin 4 to
give a blow or nudge with the elbow:

blunder
sumiko, sik
uhin 5 to blow as the
wind: hum
angin, hanginin, humihip,
umihip 6 to be blown by the wind
(as a small boat): hanginin
blunder n. a stupid mistake:
kalok
ohan, pagkakamali v. to
make a stupid mistake: magkamali
blunt adj. 1 not sharp: mapur
ol 2
less sharp: pulp
ol, pudp
od 3 outspoken: deretso (tah
as, tah
asan) kung
magsalit
a, tap
atang magsalit
a v.
1 to become less sharp: pumur
ol,
mapulp
ol 2 to make less sharp:
magpapur
ol, papurulin, pumulp
ol,
pulpulin
blurred adj. dim, not clear: mal
abo
boa n. a very large snake that is not
poisonous: saw
a
boastful adj. speaking too highly
about oneself: hamb
og, pal
alo,
may
abang, mah
angin
boil n. a red, painful swelling on
the body: pigs
a v. 1 to bubble
up and give o steam: kumul
o 2
to cause to bubble up and steam:
magpakul
o, pakuluin 3 to cook by
boiling: magl
aga, il
aga, pakulu
an
bold adj. 1 brave (see brave):
mat
apang, malak
as ang lo
ob 2
venturesome: pangah
as, mapangah
as
3 rude, impudent: bast
os
bolo n. a cutlass-like weapon common in the Philippines: g
ulok, it
ak
bond n. 1 anything that binds:
bigkis, g
apos, t
ali, bukl
od 2 a prisoners bonds: g
apos, p
osas 3 bail:
piy
ansa 4 a guarantee: garantiy
a,
panag
ot 5 a pledge, pawn: sangl
a 6
a binding force, unity: pagkakais
a
7 a certicate given, esp. by a
government, for money borrowed:
b
ono
bonre n. 1 a re built outdoors:
sig
a 2 to make a bonre: magsig
a,
siga
an
book n. 1 libr
o, akl
at 2 book of tickets: libreta v. to reserve seats, etc.:
magreserba, magpareserba, ireserba,
magla
an, ipagla
an, paglaan
an

11

bottom
boot n. a leather or rubber covering for the foot and leg: b
ota v.
1 to kick: sumipa, manipa, sip
ain,
sumikad, manikad, sik
aran 2 to put
on boots: magb
ota, magsu
ot ng b
ota,
isu
ot ang b
ota
bootblack n. a person who shines
boots and shoes: limpiya-b
ota,
manlilinis ng sap
atos
border n. 1 brink: bingit 2 a
margin: pal
ugit 3 the side or edge of
anything: gilid, pagilid 4 boundary,
frontier: hangg
anan adj. close to:
kalapit
bore v. 1 to make a hole: magb
utas,
bum
utas, but
asin, but
asan 2 to tire
or make one fed up: mayam
ot, yamutin, mainis, inisin 3 to become
impatient or weary: mainip
bore adj. a tiresome or dull person:
nakayayam
ot, nakasusuy
a
born v. brought forth: ipinangan
ak,
isinilang
borrowed adj. to borrow: hir
am
boss n. 1 the head: p
uno 2 the
chief: hepe 3 a foreman or manager: tagapangasiwa, m
anedyer,
tagapamah
ala v. to be the boss
of, direct, control: mam
uno, pamun
uan, mangasiwa, pangasiw
aan,
mamah
ala,
pamahal
aan,
magpal
akad, palak
arin, magpat
akbo,
patakbuhin
bother v. 1 to trouble, to disturb,
to worry: mang-ab
ala, abal
ahin,
maab
ala, mangg
ulo, guluhin, mangist
orbo, istorbuhin 2 to be a
cause of disturbance: makaab
ala,
makaist
orbo 3 to take the trouble:
mag-ab
ala, pagkaabal
ahan, magpakaab
ala n. trouble, disturbance:
ab
ala, molestiya, ist
orbo
bottle n. b
ote, botelya v. to
put into a bottle: magb
ote, ib
ote,
magsab
ote,
isab
ote,
maglag
ay
(ilag
ay) sa b
ote
bottom n. 1 the lowest part:
k
ailaliman, ang il
alim, puwit 2 the
seat: up
uan 3 the source: ug
at,

bountiful
pinagmul
an prep. at the bottom:
sa il
alim
bountiful adj. 1 generous: mapagbig
ay, buk
as ang p
alad 2 plentiful,
abundant: sag
ana, masag
ana
bowl n. a hollow, rounded dish:
mangk
ok, tas
on, t
asa
bow-legged adj. having the legs
curved outward: sak
ang
box n. 1 a blow with an open hand:
tamp
al, samp
al 2 a blow with a
st: sunt
ok, bunt
al 3 a blow at the
back of the head, nape: d
agok v.
1 to ght with sts: magsunt
ukan,
makipagsunt
ukan, makipagb
oksing,
magbunt
alan, makipagbunt
alan 2
to slap with open hand: sumamp
al,
sampalin (on the cheek), tumamp
al,
tampalin 3 to punch: sumunt
ok,
suntukin, bumoksing, boksingin
bracelet n. an ornament worn
around the wrist: pulseras
braid n. a band formed by wearing
strands of hair: tirint
as v. to plait
the hair: magtirint
as, tirintasin, tirintas
an
branch n. 1 of a tree or a river:
sang
a 2 a small thorny branch
of bamboo: siit 3 a branch of a
company: sang
ay 4 a branch of a
road: sang
ang-da
an, sanganda
an
v. 1 to divide: magsang
a 2 to put
out branches as trees: magsang
a
brave adj. 1 without fear, having
courage: mat
apang 2 courageous,
stout-hearted, plucky: malak
as ang
lo
ob 3 heroic: magiting 4 daring,
bold, venturesome: pangah
as v. 1
to dare: mangah
as, pangahas
an 2 to
meet without fear: maglak
as-lo
ob
bread n. tin
apay
breadfruit n. rimas
break v. 1 to damage: sumira,
masira, sir
ain 2 to break into
pieces, to smash: dur
ugin 3 to
be broken into pieces: mad
urog,
magkadur
ug-dur
og, mab
asag, magkabas
ag-bas
ag 4 to break in two:
mabiy
ak 5 to break apart, to snap:

12

broil
mab
ali, baliin 6 to snap (o) as
a stick, branch or stalk: mabakli,
bakliin 7 to snap, to break as string
or wire: malag
ot, lagutin 8 to break
with: makipagkasir
a, magkasir
a,
makipaghiwal
ay, maghiwal
ay n. 1
a severing of relations: pagkakasir
a
2 a break, as in a glass: b
asag,
put
ok, l
amat 3 an interruption:
ang, pahing
a,
tigil, pagkatigil, patl
pagkapahing
a
breast n. 1 the chest: dibdib 2 the
part or gland that gives milk: s
uso
breeze n. a gentle or soft wind:
simoy
bribery n. the act of bribing:
pags
uhol, panun
uhol, pagpapabags
ak,
pagpaparating, lag
ay
bridge n. 1 a structure built over a
river, road, etc.: tul
ay 2 the bridge
of a ship: platap
orma v. to make
a way over a river or anything
that hinders: magtul
ay, tulay
an,
maglag
ay (lagy
an) ng tul
ay
brigand n. a robber: tulis
an, mandaramb
ong
bright adj. 1 giving much light,
clear: maliw
anag 2 vivid, as color:
matingk
ad 3 clever: matalino 4 gay,
cheerful or lively: masay
a, masigl
a5
shining, as metal surface like brass,
or gold: makin
ang 6 sparkling (as
stars): maningning
brilliant adj. 1 very clever: napakatalino 2 shining: makin
ang 3
sparkling as heavenly bodies, or
jewels: maningning, nagniningning,
makisl
ap, nangingisl
ap
brim n. the edge of a cup or bowl:
l
abi, bibig
bring v. 1 to come with something:
magdal
a, dalhin, dalh
an 2 to come
with a person: mags
ama, is
ama
brittle adj. 1 easily broken, as
glass: babasagin, madaling mab
asag
2 easily snapped: madaling mab
ali,
baliin, bakliin 3 crisp: malut
ong
broil v. to cook by exposing to ame:
mag-ihaw, iihaw, idar
ang (sa ap
oy,

broken
b
aga)
broken adj. 1 in pieces (See
break): bas
ag 2 out of order,
damaged: sir
a, may sira 3 not
even (referring to ground): hindi
p
atag, bak
u-bak
o 4 imperfectly
spoken: mali-maling magsalit
a
brooch n. an ornamental pin:
alpiler, br
otse
brook n. small stream: s
apa, b
atis
broth n. thin soup: sab
aw
brow n. 1 forehead: no
o 2 eyebrow:
kilay 3 the edge of a deep place, top
of a slope: bingit, gilid
brown n/adj. color like coee:
kayumanggi v. 1 to make
brown (as food): tustahin, papulahin 2 to become brown: maging
k
ulay-kayumanggi (-kape, -k
aki),
mangitim
bruise n. contusion: pas
a v.
to become bruised: magkapas
a,
magkaro
on ng pas
a, malam
og
brush n. 1 a tool made of bristles,
hair, etc. for cleaning: sipilyo, isk
oba
2 toothbrush: sipilyo, sepilyo (sa
ngipin) 3 a shoe or clothes brush:
sipilyo, sepilyo (sa sap
atos), isk
oba
4 a paint brush (large): br
otsa,
isk
oba 5 an artists brush: pinsel,
pinsel 6 a brushing, a rub with a
brush: pagsisipilyo, pag-iisk
oba
v. to clean, rub, dust, etc., with
a brush: magsipilyo, sipilyuhin,
mag-isk
oba, iskob
ahin
bucket n. a pail made of wood or
metal: timb
a, balde
bud n. 1 the beginning of a ower,
fruit, etc.: b
uko 2 a small beginning
of a branch or shoot: s
upang, usb
ong
v. 1 to bud, to sprout: mam
uko,
mag-usb
ong 2 to sprout, such as
seedlings: sumibol
bugle n. a musical instrument:
korneta to be distinguished from
kornetin, trumpeta
build v. 1 to make by putting
materials together: gumaw
a, gawin,
magtay
o, itay
o 2 to have a thing

13

bundle
built or erected: magpagaw
a,
ipagaw
a, magpatay
o, ipatay
o
n. form, style: any
o, y
ari, h
ugis,
tay
o
building n. 1 concrete structure for
oces or residential units: gus
ali
2 act of constructing: pagtatay
o,
pagkay
ari, paggaw
a
bulb n. 1 an electric bulb: bombilya
2 bulb of a plant: u
lo, sib
uyas,
sinib
uyas
bulge n. 1 a protuberance or
swelling: umb
ok, tamb
ok, usli 2
bulge of the cheeks: tamb
ok ng pisngi
3 bulge of the eyes: usli, luw
a 4
bulge of the stomach: umb
ok,
tamb
ok, bund
at v. to bulge
(according to above meanings):
umumb
ok, tumamb
ok, umusli
bull n. the male of cattle: t
oro
bullghter n. torero, toread
or
bump v. 1 to collide with or come
against with force: bumangg
a, mabangg
a, banggain, magkabangg
aan,
bumungg
o, mabungg
o, bungguin,
bumund
ol, mabund
ol, bundulin 2
to bump the head: maunt
og n. a
swelling: b
ukol
bunch n. 1 a group of things (no
general term; dierent specic terms
are used); a bunch of bananas:
buwig 2 of grapes, etc.: kump
ol 3
of owers: kump
ol, tungk
os 4 of
leaves: kump
ol, tungk
os, tangk
as
5 of people: lip
on, langk
ay 6 of
thieves: pangk
at 7 bouquet of owers: pump
on ng mga bulakl
ak, bukey
v. to come or press closer together:
magsiksikan, magkump
ul-kump
ol
bundle n. 1 a number of things
wrapped together: bal
utan 2 a
number of things loosely wrapped
in cloth, etc.: bungk
os 3 a number
of things tied together as rewood,
sugar cane, etc.: bigkis 4 a bale
or large bundle: bast
a, pald
o 5 a
small pile (heap) tied together:
talaks
an, tungk
os v. 1 to wrap up:
magb
alot, bal
utin, magbast
a, bastain

buoy
2 to tie up: magbigkis, bigkisin,
magbungk
os, bungkusin
buoy n. 1 a oating marker:
pal
utang, b
oya 2 life buoy: salbabida, timb
ulan 3 to buoy up,
to hold up or keep from sinking:
magpal
utang, lum
utang, palut
angin
burial n. act of burying: libing,
paglilibing
burn v. 1 to be on re: mas
unog,
masil
ab 2 to set on re: sum
unog,
man
unog, sun
ugin, sumil
ab, silab
an
3 to burn ercely, to be blazing:
magliy
ab, papagliyabin 4 to injure
or be injured by burning: map
aso,
pas
uin 5 to burn with fever: magap
oy sa lagn
at, apuyin ng lagn
at 6
to be completely burnt: matup
ok,
maging ab
o 7 to burn with emotion:
mag-
alab, pag-al
abin 8 to burn
incense: magsu
ob, suubin 9 to burn
out as a light bulb: mapundi n. a
burn, injury caused by re or heat:
p
aso, s
unog
bury v. 1 to place in a grave:
maglibing, ilibing 2 to be buried or
get buried: malibing 3 to arrange a
funeral: magpalibing, ipalibing 4 to
cover (esp. with earth): magba
on,
iba
on
businessman (-woman) n. a man
or woman in business: negosy
ante,
komersy
ante, mangangal
akal
busy adj. 1 having plenty to do:
mar
aming
ginagaw
a
(gaw
ain),
matrab
aho, bising-bisi 2 occupied:
okup
ado, abal
a, abal
ang-abal
a
but conj. on the other hand: ng
unit,
datapuw
at, sub
alit, pero, k
undi
butcher n. 1 a person who
slaughters animals for market: mangang
atay 2 one who only dresses the
meat: magkakat
ay (m
angangatay,
manlalap
a) ng karne, b
aboy, etc.
3 a dealer in meat: magkakarne,
magkak
arne v. 1 to slaughter:
magpat
ay, pumat
ay, patayin 2 to
dress meat: magl
apa, lum
apa,
lap
ain, magk
atay, kum
atay, kat
ayin

14

calculate
butt n. 1 end that is left, short
piece: natir
a, kap
utol na naiwan
(natir
a) 2 stub of a cigarette: up
os,
beha 3 stub of a cigar: up
os (ng
tab
ako), beha 4 object or target:
paks
a, t
arget 5 aim: l
ayon lay
unin
v. 1 to push with the head (as a
goat): sumuw
ag, manuw
ag, suwagin
2 to bump with the head in boxing,
etc.: mang-
ulo, ul
uhin, sumuw
ag,
manuw
ag, suwagin 3 to butt in, to
meddle: sumab
ad, makial
am
butter n. mantikilya v. to put
butter on: mantikilyah
an, lagy
an ng
mantikilya
buttery n. parupar
o
buttocks n. rump: pigi, puwit,
puwit
an
buttonhole n. uh
ales
buy v. 1 to get by paying a price:
bumili, bilhin 2 to buy something for
another: ibili 3 to buy from: bumili
sa, bilh
an

C
cab n. a taxi: t
aksi
cabbage n. a vegetable: rep
olyo
cabinet n. 1 a piece of furniture for
storing things in: k
abinet, aparad
or
2 one used for displaying articles:
iskapar
ate 3 a body of advisers to a
ruler of a nation: gabinete
cable n. 1 strong, thick rope made of
wire: k
able 2 a message sent across
the sea by cable: kablegr
ama
cadence n.
rhythm:
ind
ayog,
tiyempo, ritmo
cage n. 1 gen. term: kul
ungan 2
for birds: h
awla 3 for chickens:
tangk
al v. to put or keep in a
cage: magh
awla, ih
awla, maglag
ay
(ilag
ay) sa h
awla, magkul
ong,
ikul
ong, magtangk
al, itangk
al
calculate v. 1 to estimate: kumalkul
a, kalkulahin, tumantiy
a,
tantiyahin, tumay
a, tayahin 2 to
intend: sumady
a, sadyain, tumikis,

call
tikisin
call v. 1 to summon (by calling):
tum
awag, taw
agin, taw
agan 2 to
name: magpang
alan, ipang
alan,
pangal
anan, it
awag, taw
agin 3 to
call the attention of: taw
agan ng
pansin 4 to call up, to telephone:
tumelepono, teleponoh
an 5 to call
out, to shout: sumig
aw, humiy
aw
n. a call, shout: t
awag, sig
aw
calm adj. 1 quiet: tahimik, k
alma,
pay
apa, k
alma 2 not afraid:
hindi tak
ot 3 not nervous: hindi
ninenerbiyos
4 peaceful,
untroubled: matiwas
ay, tiwas
ay
v. 1 to pacify or make calm:
magpatahimik, patahimikin, magpapay
apa, pumay
apa, payap
ain,
papayap
ain 2 to calm one who is
angry: magpahin
ahon, pahinah
unin,
magpalamig ng u
lo, palamigin ang
u
lo 3 to calm one who is nervous or
afraid: magpapan
atag ng lo
ob, papanat
agin ang lo
ob 4 to set at rest:
magpatiwas
ay, itiwas
ay, patiwasayin
5 to be or become calm according
to meanings above: tumahimik,
pumay
apa, hum
upa, puman
atag,
lumamig ang u
lo, magl
ubag ang
lo
ob, tumiwas
ay n. 1 quietness,
stillness: katahimikan 2 ease of
mind: hin
ahon, kahinah
unan
camera n. k
amera, K
odak
camp n. 1 k
ampo 2 a stopping
place: kampam
ento, himpilan v.
to pitch tents and stay there for a
time: magk
ampo
campaign n. 1 a planned course of
action: kamp
anya, kilus
an 2 a military engagement: laban
an v. to
serve in a campaign: magkamp
anya,
kumamp
anya, kampanyahin
can v. 1 to be able: rendered by
maka- and ma- prexes or by
maa
ari or puw
ede with the innitive 2 to know how to: mar
unong,
maal
am
can n. a container: l
ata v. to preserve in an airtight can: magsal
ata,

15

capture
isal
ata
canal n. bamb
ang, kan
al
cancel v. 1 to erase, to remove: magalis, alisin 2 to wipe out, to abolish:
magpawal
ang-bisa, pawal
ang bisa,

kumansel
a, kanselahin, kumalt
as,
kaltasin 3 to recall or withdraw:
bum
awi, bawiin, mag-
urong, i
urong
4 to cancel (pay) a debt: magb
ayad
ng u
tang, bay
aran ang u
tang
candidate n. kandid
ato
candle n. kandila
candlestick n. kandelero
candy n. kendi
cane n. 1 a stick used as an aid in
walking: bast
on, tungk
od 2 sugar
cane: tub
o v. to beat with a cane:
bumast
on, bastunin
canned adj. preserved in a can:
del
ata
canteen n. 1 a small container to
carry water: kantin 2 place where
food and drink are sold: kantina,
kantin
canvas n. a strong, coarse cloth:
k
anbas, k
ambas, l
ona, t
olda
cap n. 1 a covering for the head:
g
ora 2 a covering for a bottle: takip,
panakip ng b
ote
cape n. 1 a garment, without
sleeves, covering the shoulders:
k
apa, bal
abal 2 a point of land
extending into the water: l
ungos,
t
angos
capsize v. 1 to overturn: tuma
ob,
mata
ob 2 to cause to overturn:
magta
ob, ita
ob, maita
ob
capsule n. a small case or covering:
k
apsula
captain n. an army or navy ocer:
kapit
an
capture v. 1 to make prisoner:
bumihag, mabihag, bih
agin 2 to
arrest: dumakip, dakpin, hum
uli,
hulihin n. 1 act of capturing:
pagh
uli, pagbihag, pagdakip 2 being
captured: pagkabihag, pagkah
uli,
pagkadakip 3 manner of having been captured: pagkakah
uli,

car
pagkakabihag, pagkakadakip
car n. 1
awto, a
uto, k
otse 2 freight
car: bag
on 3 funeral car: k
aro (ng
pat
ay)
carabao n. 1 water bualo: kalab
aw
2 a male carabao: dam
ulag
card n. 1 a postcard: p
oskard,
tarheta post
al 2 playing card:
bar
aha 3 a visiting card: tarheta
care v. 1 to look after: mag-al
aga,
alag
aan, mang-al
aga, pangalag
aan,
tumingin, tingn
an 2 to protect,
to have custody of: kumalinga,
kaling
ain 3 to rear or provide for:
mag-amp
on, ampunin, mag-arug
a,
arugain 4 to support: magsustento,
sustentuhin 5 to solicitously take
care of one in need: magkandili,
kumandili, kandilihin 6 to care
about, to be concerned about,
etc.: mag-intindi, intindihin, magasik
aso, asikas
uhin 7 to take care,
to be careful: mag-ingat, ing
atan,
pag-ing
atan n. 1 thought or
thoughtfulness: pag-aala
ala 2 worry:
pagkabalisa 3 attention: pag-iintindi,
pag-aasik
aso 4 charge: pamamah
ala
5 love: pagmamah
al 6 looking after:
pag-aal
aga, pag-aarug
a 7 being
careful: pag-iingat, kaing
atan
career n. 1 occupation, profession:
karera, tungk
ulin 2 a life or period of
notable achievement: matagump
ay
na b
uhay v. to run at full speed, to
rush wildly: kumarera, magpatik
ad,
sumib
ad ng takb
o
cargo n. freight, load: karg
a,
kargamento, karg
ada
careful adj. cautious, showing care:
maingat
carefulness n. being careful: ingat,
pag-iingat, pagkamaingat, kaing
atan
careless adj. 1 without care or
attention: hindi maingat, wal
ang
ingat, pabay
a, mapagpabay
a 2 not
thinking or watching what one is
doing: hindi isinasalo
ob ang ginagaw
a, wal
a sa lo
ob ang ginagaw
a
3 neglectful: pabay
a, mapagpabay
a

16

cast
4 not caring or troubling: halagh
ag,
busals
al
caress v. 1 to touch or stroke
lovingly or tenderly: humapl
os
(haplusin) nang bu
ong pagmamah
al,
hum
agod,
hag
urin,
kumarinyo,
kumariny
o, karinyuhin, humimas,
him
asin 2 to embrace tenderly:
yum
akap (yak
apin) nang bu
ong
pagmamah
al
carnival n. a place of amusement
having merry-go-rounds, games,
etc.: karnab
al
carpenter n. karpintero, alw
agi, anluw
agi
carpet n. heavy woven fabric used
for covering oors: alp
ombra, k
arpet
v. to cover with a carpet: alpombrah
an, lat
agan ng alp
ombra
carriage n. 1 a vehicle: karw
ahe 2
bearing:
asta, tindig, bikas, tikas 3
the actual carrying: pagdadal
a
carry v. 1 to bring: magdal
a, dalhin
2 to be carried away: matang
ay,
madal
a 3 to be carried away
(overcome) by passion: madaig,
matang
ay 4 to carry a cross, to
bear a burden: magpas
an ng krus,
pasanin ang krus, magtiis, tiisin
cart n. 1 one-seat vehicle for two and
drawn by a horse: kalesa, karom
ata
2 a two-seat vehicle for four to six
passengers, also drawn by a horse:
karitela 3 one drawn by a carabao:
karit
on
cash n. ready money: pera, kuw
arta,
kuw
alta, salapi v. 1 to change
into cash, to get cash for: magpapalit, papalit
an, ipalit (ng salapi),

kuwaltahin, kuwartahin 2 to give

cash for : palit
an
casket n. 1 a small box for jewels,
etc.: kahita 2 a con: kab
aong, ata
ul
cast v. 1 to throw: magh
agis, ih
agis,
iits
a, magpuk
ol, ipuk
ol 2 to cast
away, to banish: magt
apon, it
apon 3
to drive out: magpal
ayas, palay
asin
n. 1 a throw: h
agis, puk
ol, bat
o,
its
a 2 a thing molded: m
olde 3

castigation
actors in a play: mga artista, ta
uhan
ng dul
a
castigation n.
a
punishment:
par
usa,
pagpapar
usa,
kastigo,
pagkastigo
castle n. kastilyo
cat n. 1 p
usa 2 a wild cat: m
usang
catch v. 1 to take and hold, capture: hum
uli, hulihin, dumakip,

dakpin 2 to hold out the hands to

catch something: sumal
o, saluhin,
sumamb
ot, sambutin 3 to catch a
disease, to be infected: mah
awa,
mahaw
ahan, 4 to overtake: um
abot,
ab
utan 5 to catch a train, bus,
truck, etc.: sumak
ay, saky
an n.
1 act of catching, e.g., a ball: sal
o,
pagsal
o, samb
ot, pagsamb
ot 2 thing
that is caught: h
uli
caterpillar n. higad, u
od
Catholic adj. 1 kat
oliko/a
2
universal: panlah
at, pandaigdig,
pansansinukob,
pansansinukuban
n. a member of the Catholic
Church: kat
oliko/a
cause n. 1 a reason: dahil
an,
sanhi 2 a justication: katuwiran,
dahil
an 3 welfare, good: kapakan
an,
kabutihan, kagalingan 4 origin,
start: pag-simul
an, pag-umpisah
an
v. 1 to cause, to be the cause of:
maging dahil
an, mabig
ay, bigy
an,
magd
ulot, dul
utan 2 to create:
lumikh
a, likhain
cave n. a hollow beneath the earths
surface: kuweba
cease v. to stop: magtigil, tumigil,
itigil, maghint
o, humint
o, ihint
o,
tum
ahan
ceiling n. 1 the interior upper
surface of the room: kisame 2 a
maximum limit: sukd
ulang ta
as,
kaita
asan, talukt
ok
cellar n. an underground storage
room: bodega sa ilalim ng l
upa
celebrate v. to observe with special
activities: magdiwang, ipagdiwang
cell n. 1 a prison cell: silid-piitan,
silid sa bilangg
uan 2 a small room

17

chain
as in a convent: selda 3 a plant or
animal cell: selula
cement n/adj. 1 simento 2 anything applied soft which hardens to
make things stick together: p
asta,
pam
asta v. 1 to fasten with
cement or paste: magp
asta, ip
asta,
pastah
an, magsimento, isimento,
simentuh
an 2 to spread (cement)
over:
magsimento, simentuh
an,
magl
atag (lat
agan) ng simento
cement mixer n. pangh
alo ng
semento
cemetery n. a graveyard: sementeryo, kampus
anto, libingan,
pantiy
on
center n. 1 the middle: gitn
a, kalagitn
aan, sentro 2 principal point or
place: sentro 3 center of attraction:
tamp
ok, tamp
ukan, tamp
ulan v. 1
to place in the center: igitn
a, ipagitn
a, isentro 2 to be centered: mapagitn
a
centre football n. one of the football players: gitn
a pasul
ong
centre halfback n. gitn
a kalah
ati
sa likod
century n. a period of one hundred
years: siglo, is
ang da
ang ta
on,
danta
on
ceremony n. 1 formal act or set of
acts prescribed by ritual or custom:
serem
onya 2 a rite, observance:
pagdiriwang 3 very polite conduct:
pamimit
agan
certain adj. 1 sure: tiy
ak, sigur
ado,
piho, pih
ado 2 true: toto
o, t
unay
v. to be certain: matiy
ak, makatiy
ak,
masig
uro
certicate n. a written statement
that may be used as proof: sertipiko,
katib
ayan, katun
ayan
certify v. to declare something true
or coorect: magpat
unay, patun
ayan,
magpatoto
o
cha n. 1 the husk of a cereal: ip
a
2 the broken-up or powdered husk:
dar
ak
chain n. 1 a row of links joined

chair
together: kadena, tanikal
a 2 link
of a chain: kawing v. 1 to fasten
with a chain: magkadena, ikadena,
magtanikal
a, 2 to bind, to restrain:
magg
apos, ig
apos, gap
usin
chair n. 1 a single seat with a back:
silya, taburete, upu
an, lukl
ukan,
likm
uan 2 a wheel chair: silyang
may gul
ong 3 a rocking chair:
umba-t
umba
silyang t
chalk n. yeso, ts
ok, tisa v. to
chalk up chalk up, to list: ital
a,
ilist
a, is
ulat
challenge n. 1 an invitation to a
game or contest: h
amon, pagh
amon,
reto 2 an objection: t
utol, pagt
utol
v. to invite to a contest: hum
amon,
ham
unin
champion n. 1 a winner: kampe
on,
tsampiy
on, manan
alo 2 a defender,
an advocate of: tagapagtangg
ol
chance n. 1 an opportunity:
pagkak
ataon 2 luck, fortune: p
alad,
kapal
aran, suwerte 3 a possibility:
pag-
asa v. 1 to happen, to occur
accidentally: magkata
on 2 to coincide: mata
on 3 by chance: sa is
ang
pagkakata
on,
hindi sinasady
a,
nagkata
on 4 to take a chance:
makipags
apalaran,
magbakasak
ali
adj. 1 not expected: hindi inaas
ahan 2 accidental, unintentional:
nagk
ataon, hindi sinasady
a
change v. 1 to become dierent,
make dierent: magb
ago, bum
ago,
mab
ago, bag
uhin, papagbag
uhin,
mag-ib
a, ibahin, m
aiba 2 to change
ones life: magb
agong-b
uhay 3 to
change ones clothes: magbihis,
magpalit ng damit 4 to change
one thing for another: magpalit,
ipagpalit, palit
an 5 to transfer:
maglip
at, ilipat, lumipat n. 1 the
change (after a purchase): sukli
2 small loose money: bary
a 3 act
of changing, e.g., conditions or
circumstance: pagbab
ago, pag-iib
a
chapel n. a place of worship subordinate to church: kapilya

18

chase
chaperon n. ts
aperon, kas
ama
characterize v. to distinguish: magpakil
ala, makil
ala, ipakil
ala
charcoal n. a black porous material
made by burning wood in an airless
kiln: u
ling
charge v. 1 to ask as a price,
put a price on: sumingil, singilin,
maghalag
a,
halagah
an,
magpab
ayad, papagbay
arin 2 to put
down as a bet: ilist
a, 3 to attack:
sumal
akay, salak
ayin, lum
usob,
lus
ubin, umat
ake, atakihin, dumal
uhong, daluh
ungin 4 to order:
mag-
utos, ut
usan, i
utos 5 to charge
in court: magsakd
al, isakd
al, maghabl
a, ihabl
a 6 to accuse someone
of: magbint
ang, pagbintang
an, magpar
atang, parat
angan 7 to have, or
be in charge of: mamah
ala, pamahal
aan, mangal
aga, pangalag
aan,
mag-al
aga, alag
aan n. 1 a price:
halag
a, singil, b
ayad 2 a duty or
task: tungk
ulin 3 a criminal charge:
sakd
al, habl
a 4 command: u
tos
5 custody, care: bah
ala, al
aga,
pag-aal
aga 6 a responsibility:
pananag
utan, sag
utin 7 an attack:
sal
akay, pagsal
akay, l
usob, pagl
usob,
dal
uhong, pagdal
uhong
charm n. 1 a quality which delights:
panghalina, pang-
akit, alind
og 2 an
amulet to avert evil, etc.: antinganting, galing 3 a love charm,
potion: gay
uma, panggay
uma
v. 1 to please greatly, delight:
magpalug
od, makalug
od, ikalug
od 2
to fascinate: humalina, makahalina,
mahalina, halin
ahin 3 to bewitch
as by a charm: manggay
uma, gumay
uma, makagay
uma, gayum
ahin,
mambigh
ani,
bumigh
ani,
makabigh
ani, bighaniin 4 to attract:
mang-
akit, um
akit, mak
aakit, akitin
charming adj. 1 delightful: kalug
udlug
od 2 fascinating: kahali-halina 3
very attractive: ka
akit-
akit
chase v. 1 to run after: hum
abol,
hab
ulin, hum
agad, hag
arin, tum
ugis,

chaste
tugisin 2 to drive away: magpal
ayas,
palay
asin, magtab
oy, itab
oy
chaste adj. 1 pure in moral sense:
malinis 2 modest: mahinhin
cheap adj. 1 costing little: m
ura 2 of
inferior quality: mumurahin 3 low:
mab
abang u
ri v. 1 to feel small
or inferior (to feel cheap): manliit,
papanliitin 2 to feel ashamed (to feel
cheap): mahiy
a, mapahiy
a
cheat n. 1 a deceiver: magdar
aya,
manlilinl
ang 2 swindler: manun
uba
v. 1 to defraud or trick: magd
aya,
day
ain 2 to fool, beguile: luminl
ang,
manlinl
ang, linlangin, manl
oko,
lum
oko, lok
ohin 3 to swindle:
man
uba, sub
ain
check n. 1 cheque, bank order
for cash: tseke 2 a mark: tsek
3 something which retrains or
stops: pampigil, pampatigil v. 1
to restrain: pumigil, pigilin 2 to
cause to stop: magpatigil, patigilin,
magpahint
o, pahintuin 3 to mark:
magmark
a, markah
an, magtand
a,
tanda
an 4 to correct or review:
magrep
aso, repas
uhin 5 to examine,
scrutinize: magsiy
asat, siyas
atin
cheek n. 1 pisngi 2 impudence:
pagkabast
os, kabastus
an
cheerful adj. 1 happy: masay
a, malig
aya 2 joyful: tuw
ang-tuw
a, gal
ak
na gal
ak 3 whole-hearted, willing,
cordial: bu
ong p
uso, malug
od,
ta
os-p
uso 4 pleasant: ka
aya-
aya
cheese n. 1 a solid food prepared
from milk curd: keso 2 ball of
cheese: keso de b
ola
chef n. a chief cook: p
uno ng mga
kusinero
chest n. 1 part of the body enclosed
by the ribs: dibdib 2 the breast of
fowls or animals: pits
o 3 a large
wooden trunk: kab
an 4 a box: kah
on
5 chest of drawers: aparad
or
chew v. 1 masticate, to crush or
grind with the teeth: ngumuy
a,
nguyain, ngumat
a, ngatain 2 to
chew sugar cane: magpang
os ng

19

choose
tub
o, pangusin ang tub
o 3 to chew
betel nut: ngum
anga, ngang
ain 4
to crunch, crush noisily: ngumal
ot,
ngalutin
chicken n. 1 fowl: man
ok, sisiw 2
rooster: tand
ang 3 a young rooster:
k
atyaw, t
atyaw 4 a rooster that
ghts in a cockpit: sasabungin 5
hen: inahing man
ok 6 a young hen:
dumal
agang man
ok 7 wild chicken:
lab
uyo
chief n. leader: p
uno, hepe
adj. principal, most important:
pinakamahalag
a, mahalag
a sa lah
at,
pangun
ahin, import
ante
child n. a young boy or girl: b
ata
children n. 1 sons and daughters:
mga an
ak 2 boys and girls: mga
b
ata
chill n. a sensation of cold with
fever: ngiki, gin
aw v. 1 to catch
a chill, to shiver with cold: mangaligkig, kaligkigin, magkangiki,
ngikihin 2 to become cold, feel cold:
magin
aw, ginawin 3 to make cold:
magpalamig, palamigin
chilly adj.
1
cold:
magin
aw,
malamig 2 to feel chilly or cold:
magin
aw, ginawin
chimney n. a passage through
which smoke escapes from a
replace: tsiminea, pausuk
an
chin n. 1 the central portion of the
lower jaw: b
aba 2 double-chin: k
abil,
kamb
al na b
aba, d
oble b
aba
Chinese n. a native of China: Intsik,
Insik
chipped adj. may pingas, may
tapy
as
chisel n. tool for carving: pait v. to
carve: magpait, paitin
chivalrous adj. 1 knightly, gallant:
gal
ante 2 honorable: marang
al 3
brave: mat
apang
chocolate n. roasted and ground cacao seeds, a candy or beverage made
from this: tsokol
ate, sikul
ate
choose v. 1 to select: pumili,
mamili, piliin, humirang, hir
angin

chop
2 to decide: magpasiy
a, pasiyah
an
chop v. 1 to cut with blows:
magp
utol, pum
utol, put
ulin 2 to cut
with an ax: magpalak
ol, palakulin
3 to cut with a bolo: tumag
a,
tagain, tumagp
as, tagpasin 4 to cut
with a sickle or bolo: magt
abas,
tum
abas, tab
asin 5 to cut or split
wood for rewood, as with an
ax: magsib
ak, sumib
ak, sibakin,
magpalak
ol, pumalak
ol, palakulin 6
to cut into small pieces as rewood,
with a bolo: magtil
ad, tumil
ad,
tilarin 7 to cut by chopping into
ne pieces, as meat, vegetables, etc.:
magtadt
ad, tumadt
ad, tadtarin
chopper n. a tool for chopping: pantadt
ad
chopping board n. a piece of board
for chopping: sangk
alan
chopsticks n. small sticks used by
the Chinese to raise food to the
mouth: sipit ng Intsik
chorus n. group of singers who sing
together: k
oro
chosen adj. picked out: pinili,
napili, hinirang, nahirang
Christmas n. Pask
o v. 1 to ask
for a Christmas gift: mamask
o 2
to give a Christmas gift: magpapask
o, magp
apasko, papaskuh
an,
mag-agin
aldo, agin
alduhan 3 to
spend Christmas: magpask
o
chrysalis n. pupa: b
ahay-
uod
chuck v. 1 to tap, to pat with the
palm of the hand: tumapik, tapikin
2 to tap with the tip of the nger:
kumalabit, kalabitin 3 to throw,
to toss: magpuk
ol, ipuk
ol, bumat
o,
ibat
o, magh
agis, hum
agis, ih
agis
church n. 1 simb
ahan 2 for Protestant worship: samb
ahan v. to
go to church: magsimb
a, sumimb
a,
sumamb
a
churchyard n. the enclosure in front
of the church: p
atyo
cigar n. tobacco leaves rolled into a
cylinder for smoking: tab
ako, sig
aro,
ab
ano

20

class
cigarette n. 1 sigarilyo 2 to smoke a
cigarette: magsigarilyo, manigarilyo,
humitit ng sigarilyo
cigarette lighter n. panindi ng
sigarilyo
cinema n. 1 a moving picture:
sine, pelikula 2 the cinema theatre:
sineh
an, sine
circle n. a closed curve everywhere
equidistant from a central point:
bil
og v. 1 to move in a circle:
umikot, lumigid 2 to enclose in
a circle, to surround: pumaligid,
paligiran, pumaikot, paik
utan
circumcise v. magtuli, tum
uli,
tuliin
circumcision n. pagtut
uli
circumference n. the distance
around the circle: paligid, kabil
ugan
citizen n. mamamay
an
city n. lungs
od, luns
od, siyud
ad
civility n.
politeness,
courtesy:
pagkamapit
agan, pagkamag
alang
clam n. somewhat like an oyster:
kaby
a, luk
an, p
aros
clap n. 1 the sound of hands struck
together, also the act of making the
sound: palakp
ak 2 a clap of thunder:
tun
og (put
ok) ng kul
og 3 a quick
blow with the open hand: tamp
al
v. to applaud by clapping hands:
pumalakp
ak, palakpak
an
clasp v. 1 to clasp both hands together: pagdaupin 2 to hold tightly
with the hand: hum
awak nang
(haw
akan ng) mahigpit, pumisil,
pisilin 3 to hold with the arm or
arms: yumap
os, yapusin 4 to embrace: yum
akap, yak
apin, yumap
os,
yapusin 5 to fasten together with a
clasp: mag-ipit, ipitan, ipitin n. 1
an embrace: yap
os, pagkakayap
os,
y
akap, pagkakay
akap 2 holding
tightly by the hand: mahigpit na
pagh
awak (pagkakah
awak), pagpisil
3 a fastener (such as on a necklace):
k
awit
class n. 1 a group of pupils taught
together: kl
ase 2 kind: kl
ase, u
ri 3

classroom
type: tipo
classroom n. a schoolroom: silidaral
an
claw n. 1 a sharp, hooked nail on
the foot of a bird or animal: kuk
o
2 pincer of a lobster: sipit v.
to scratch, tear, seize or pull with
the claws: mangalm
ot, kumalm
ot,
kalmutin
clay n. sticky earth which hardens
when it is baked: lu
ad, luw
ad
clean adj. 1 without dirt: malinis 2
pure: dalisay 3 without moral fault:
malinis v. 1 to free from dirt, soil
or impurities: maglinis 2 to become
clean: luminis
cleaning n. act of freeing from dirt,
etc.: linis, paglilinis
clear adj. 1 bright: maliw
anag 2
transparent, as of liquids: malinaw 3
certain: tiy
ak 4 free from impurity,
defect, etc.: dalisay v. 1 to become
bright: magliw
anag, lumiw
anag 2
to make clear, to clarify: liwan
agin,
ipaliw
anag, palin
awin, ipalinaw 3 to
remove obstacles: mag-alis (alis
an)
ng sag
abal (h
alang), alisin ang
sag
abal (h
alang)
clerk n. 1 a person employed in
oce work: klerk, Eskribyente,
kaw
ani 2 salesman, saleswoman:
despatsad
or, despatsad
ora
clever adj. 1 bright, intelligent,
talented: matalino 2 keen, sharp:
mat
alas 3 skillful: san
ay, bihas
a,
bih
asa 4 tricky (coll): t
uso
client n. 1 person for whom a lawyer
acts: kliyente 2 regular customer:
s
uki, paroky
ano
cli n. a steep slope of rock or clay,
etc.: matarik na dalisdis
climb v. 1 to go up by means of
hands or feet, or with some eort:
umaky
at, akyatin 2 to climb down,
to descend: bumab
a
clinic n. a place for medical treatment: klinika, dispens
aryo
clip v. 1 to trim or cut (with scissors
or shears): gumupit, gupitin, gupit
an

21

clump
2 to hold or grip tightly with a clip:
magklip, klip
an, iklip, ikabit n. 1
paper clip: klip 2 clip for the hair:
ipit, sipit, klip
clock n. instrument for telling time:
rel
o, rel
os, oras
an
close v. 1 to shut: magsar
a, isar
a,
sarh
an, magpinid, ipinid 2 to bring
to an end, to conclude, to terminate: magtap
os, tum
apos, tap
usin,
mat
apos, magwak
as, wakas
an 3
to come or bring close together,
to join: magl
apat, lum
apat, il
apat,
paglap
atin, magtikom, tumikom,
itikom, isar
a, sarh
an, magsar
a 4 to
close the eyes: pumikit, ipikit 5 to
come close: lum
apit 6 to close down:
magsar
a (isar
a, sarh
an) adj. 1
near: mal
apit, magkalapit (for two),
magkakalapit 2 nearly equal: h
alos
pareho, hindi nagkak
alamangan,
m
ahigpitan 3 narrow, with little
space: makipit 4 intimate: mat
alik,
malapit 5 not open: sar
ado,
nakapinid n. the end: wak
as,
pagwawak
as, pagtatap
os, katapus
an
closet n. a small room for storage
purposes: maliit na (munting) silid,
dispensa, aparad
or
cloth n. material made from wool,
silk, linen, etc.: k
ayo, tela
clothe v. to put clothes on, cover
with clothes, dress: magdamit,
damit
an, damt
an
clothesbrush n. sipilyo ng damit
clothesline n. a line for hanging
clothes on to dry: samp
ayan
clothing n. damit, pananamit
cloud n. u
lap
clown n. 1 a person who makes
people laugh by tricks and jokes:
pay
aso, k
omiko, komik
ero 2 a jester:
luk
ayo, lak
ayo, b
ubo 3 a fool (in a
mild sense): b
obo/a, l
oko/a
club n. 1 an association: kapis
anan,
samah
an, klub 2 policemans baton:
bat
uta, panggar
ote
clump n. 1 a lump: tigk
al, kimp
al 2
a cluster: kump
ol 3 a dull sound, as

clutch
of tramping: tagukt
ok
clutch v. to seize with the hands,
snatch:
sumungg
ab, sunggab
an,
dumakm
a, dakmain, dumakm
al,
dakmalin,
hum
awak
(haw
akan)
nang mahigpit n. 1 a tight grasp:
mahigpit na h
awak 2 a machine
device: klats
coach n. 1 trainer: tagas
anay 2 a
rairoad carriage: k
otse v. 1 to
teach: magt
uro, tur
uan 2 to train
or practice someone in something:
sum
anay, san
ayin
coat n. 1 outer garment with
sleeves: Amerik
ana 2 a layer of
something that covers a surface:
p
ahid, m
ano v. 1 to cover with a
layer: magp
ahid, pahiran 2 to wear
a coat: mag-amerik
ana
coat hanger n.
sabit
an
ng
Amerik
ana
cob n. center part of an ear of corn:
b
usal
cobweb n. spiders web: b
ahay ng
gagamb
a, a
giw
cock n. a rooster: tand
ang v. to
pull back the hammer of a gun:
magkas
a, kumas
a, ikas
a, magbusl
og,
buslugin
cockght n. s
abong v. to play
or bet in a cockght: mags
abong,
s
abong
cocktail n. an alcoholic mixed drink:
k
aktel, k
akteyl
cocktail shaker n. pangkal
og ng
alak

cockpit n. sabung
an
cockroach n. ipis
coconut n. 1 general term for coconut: niy
og 2 rare type of coconut
used for preserves: makapun
o 3
the young coconut: b
uko, m
ura
4 coconut husk: bun
ot 5 coconut
milk: gat
a 6 coconut oil: langis ng
niy
og 7 coconut plantation: niy
ugan
8 coconut shell: b
ao 9 coconut
preserve made from coconut milk:
latik 10 coconut toee: buk
ayo
codsh n. bakal
aw

22

collect
coee n. kape
coee pot n. the pot where coee
is boiled or cooked: lutu
an ng kape,
kapetera, kapitera
coee table n. mesang kapeh
an
con n. kab
aong, ata
ul
coil n. a ring or series of rings
formed by winding: r
olyo v.
to wind around something (e.g.
a stick): pumul
upot, ipul
upot,
mamul
upot, umikid, iikid
coin n. a piece of metal money:
sinsilyo, bary
a, bariya
coincide v. 1 to occur at the same
time:
mapasab
ay,
magkasab
ay,
mapata
on, magkata
on, matap
at,
magkatap
at 2 to correspond exactly: magk
apareho, m
akapareho,
magkat
ulad, m
akatulad
colander n. kol
ander
cold adj. 1 having a low temperature: malamig 2 chilly: magin
aw 3
lacking interest, indierent: wal
ang
sigl
a, malamig n. 1 low temperature: lamig 2 a kind of sickness:
sip
on v. 1 to feel cold: magin
aw,
ginawin 2 to be cold or indierent
to someone: manlamig 3 to have the
chills: manlamig, lamigin
coldness n. 1 condition of being
cold physically: kalamig
an, pagkamalamig 2 indierence, lack of
interest: pagkawal
ang-bahal
a, may
kalamig
an sa pakikit
ungo 3 lacking
enthusiasm: kawal
ang-sigl
a
collapse v. 1 to cave in or fall, as
a building: gum
uho, bumags
ak,
matib
ag 2 to break down: magib
a
3 to fall down through weakness,
also to be overcome with grief:
m
alugmok, mahand
usay 4 to lose
consciousness: himatayin, mawal
an
ng m
alay-t
ao n. a falling in or
caving in: pagguh
o, pagkagib
a,
pagkatib
ag, pagbags
ak
collar n. 1 part of a shirt, dress or
coat: kuwelyo 2 collar for animals:
kuly
ar v. to capture: dumakip,
dakpin, madakip, sunggab
an

collection
collect v. 1 to bring together,
gather: magtipon, tip
unin, magipon,
ip
unin 2 to come together, to assemble: magkalipump
on, magkatipon
3 to accumulate: maipon, matipon,
dum
ami 4 to demand payment, as
for a bill: maningil, singilin 5 to
solicit, as contributions: manghingi
collection n. 1 act of collecting or
gathering things: pagtitipon, pagiipon 2 act of collecting payments of
debts, taxes, etc.: paniningil 3 act
of collecting contributions and the
like: pangingilak, panghihingi (ng
ab
uloy) 4 the collection taken up,
eg., in church: kolekta, koleksiy
on
collide v. 1 to hit or strike violently
together: magkabangg
aan 2 to rush
against something stationary: bumangg
a, mabangg
a, mapabangg
a,
banggain, ibangg
a 3 to bump each
other accidentally: magkabungg
uan
4 to clash (in a conict): magl
aban,
magkal
aban, makipagl
aban, may
laban
an
collision n. 1 violent rushing
against: pagbangg
a, pagkabangg
a
pagkakabangg
a 2 hitting or striking
violently together (both moving): bangg
aan, bungg
uan 3 clash,
conict: laban
an
color n. k
ulay, kol
or, kul
or v.
to give color to, paint: magk
ulay,
kul
ayan,
magkol
or,
magkul
or,
kolor
an, magpint
a, pintah
an
comb n. 1 ordinary comb for the
hair: sukl
ay 2 comb with ne teeth:
s
uyod 3 ornamental comb: payneta
4 comb of a fowl: p
along
combat n. 1 a ght, struggle: l
aban,
laban
an, paglal
aban 2 a battle:
pagbab
aka, paghah
amok, pakikib
aka
3 a combat against disease, pests,
etc.: pagpuks
a, pagsugp
o, pagb
aka
v. 1 to ght, to struggle, to
battle: lum
aban, lab
anan 2 to stop,
to suppress, e.g. disease, pests,
etc.: pumuks
a, puksain, sumugp
o,
sugpuin

23

commission
combine v. to join
together:
mags
ama, pagsam
ahin, magh
alo,
paghal
uin, magtamb
al, pagtambalin
come v. 1 to approach: lum
apit,
lapitan, dumul
og, dulug
an 2 to
arrive: dumating 3 to arrive in
time, sequence or order: sum
apit,
sapitin, dumating 4 to attend:
dumal
o, daluh
an 5 to call a person:
halina, halika 6 to come along,
to accompany: sum
ama, sam
ahan,
is
ama 7 to come from: mangg
aling,
g
aling, magb
uhat 8 to come here:
pumarito, paparit
uhin 9 to come in:
pum
asok, pas
ukin 10 to come out:
lumab
as
comedy n. 1 a light amusing play:
komedya 2 an amusing happening:
katatawan
an
comic adj.
amusing,
funny:
nakakataw
a, kataw
a-taw
a, k
omiko/a
comic book n. funny stories told by
pictures: k
omiks, mga katatawan
an
comfortable adj. 1 aording comfort: maginh
awa, nakagiginh
awa 2
to feel comfortable with someone:
makapalag
ayang-lo
ob
command n. 1 an order, a bidding: u
tos, m
ando 2 authority,
control: kapangyarihan v. 1 to
order: mag-
utos, ut
usan, i
utos,
magm
ando, m
anduhan, im
ando 2
to be in authority over: mamah
ala,
pamahal
aan, magm
ando, m
anduhan
comment n. remark, criticism, observation: koment
aryo, pun
a, pansin
commercial adj. having to do
with trade or business: pangkal
akal,
komersiy
al
commission n. 1 a group of persons
with authority: komisy
on, l
upon 2
agents compensation: komisy
on,
porsiyento, kaparte 3 the doing of
something: paggaw
a, pagkagaw
a
v. 1 to give a person the right or
power to do something: magbig
ay
(bigy
an) ng karapat
an (kapangyarihan) 2 to order or impose a
duty: mag-
atas, at
asan, mag-
utos,

commit
ut
usan 3 to put into active service:
iserbisyo
commit v. 1 to give in trust:
magkatiw
ala,
ipagkatiw
ala
2
to bind or involve (oneself) in
any course of action, to pledge:
mang
ako, ipang
ako, magpasiy
a,
ipasiy
a 3 to commit to jail: ibilangg
o, ipabilangg
o, ip
asok sa
bilangg
uan, ikul
ong 4 to commit to
an institution: ip
asok, ikul
ong
committee n. group of persons appointed or elected: l
upon, komite
common adj. 1 ordinary, not
special: karaniwan, pangkaraniwan
2 customary, usual: kaugali
an,
nakaugali
an 3 popular: palas
ak,
lag
anap, popul
ar 4 belonging to all
in a group: panlah
at, p
ara sa lah
at
5 public: pangmadl
a, pamb
ayan 6
below ordinary, mean, low: mab
aba,
h
amak 7 widespread: lag
anap, kal
at
common sense n. good sense in everyday aairs: sentido kom
un, lik
as
na pagkuk
uro-k
uro, isip
communication n. giving information: pagpapahatid ng balit
a,
pagbabalit
a,
pagbibig
ay-al
am,
pagpapatalast
as
communism n. komunismo
companion n. 1 one who accompanies another: kas
ama 2
an ocemate, roommate, etc.:
kasamah
an 3 one of a pair, mate:
kap
ares, kapar
eha, katamb
al
company n. 1 a business rm:
kompany
a,
kompaniya,
b
ahaykal
akal 2 companions: mga kas
ama
(kasamah
an, kabark
ada) 3 guest or
visitor: pana
uhin, bisita, d
alaw
compare v. 1 to liken or compare
one with another: maghambing,
ihambing,
magt
ulad,
it
ulad,
magp
aris, ip
aris 2 to compare
two things together: paghambingin,
pagtul
arin, pagparisin 3 beyond
compare: wal
ang kat
ulad, wal
ang
kap
aris, wal
ang kahambing
compatible adj. agreeing, able

24

compliment
to exist together: magkasuw
ato,
magkaugm
a,
magkasund
o,
magkab
agay, magkabag
ang
compete v. 1 to take part in
a
contest:
lumah
ok
(sumali)
sa
paligs
ahan,
magpaligs
ahan,
makipagpaligs
ahan 2 to contend:
magl
aban
competence n. ability: kakayah
an
competition n.
1
contest:
paligs
ahan, timpal
ak 2 competition
in business: kompetensiya 3 declamation contest: timpal
ak-bigk
asan 4
poetical joust: balagt
asan 5 beauty
contest: timpal
ak-kagand
ahan 6
a physical struggle: paglalaban
an,
laban
an
complain v. 1 to talk about ones
pains, trouble, etc.: dumaing, idaing
2 to say something is wrong, to
nd fault: magsumb
ong, ipagsumb
ong, isumb
ong, magrekl
amo,
ipagrekl
amo, irekl
amo 3 to make
a formal accusation (commonly
expressed in Eng. by to le a
complaint): magsakd
al, isakd
al,
magdem
anda, idem
anda
complaint n. 1 complaint: daing
2 nding fault: rekl
amo, sumb
ong
3 accusation: par
atang 4 a formal
accusation: sakd
al, dem
anda, habl
a
5 expression of pain, grief, etc.:
daing, hinaing
complete adj. 1 with all parts,
whole, entire: bu
o, lah
at 2 perfect,
thorough: gan
ap, lub
os 3 nished,
ended: tap
os na, nat
apos na, yari
na v. 1 to nish: tum
apos,
mat
apos, tap
usin 2 to make whole
or perfect: bumu
o, buuin 3 to
complete, make up full amount:
hustuhin, ihust
o
completely adv. 1 entirely, wholly:
lub
os, lub
usan, lah
at, lah
atan 2 thoroughly, perfectly: lub
os, gan
ap
complexion n. general appearance
of the skin: k
utis, k
ulay (ng bal
at)
compliment n. 1 praise: pap
uri 2
greetings: b
ati, pagb
ati v. 1 to

comprehend
praise: pum
uri, purihin 2 to congratulate: bum
ati, batiin
comprehend v. to understand:
umun
awa, unaw
ain, maunaw
aan,
mawat
asan, umintindi, intindihin,
maintindih
an
compress v. 1 to atten by pressure: magpikpik, pumikpik, pikpikin,
pis
a, pinis
a 2 to make shorter
or briefer, as a story or novel:
magpaikli, paikliin 3 to make
compact (e.g. contents of a basket,
etc.): magsiksik, sumiksik, masiksik,
siksikin 4 to compress by squeezing:
magpig
a, pumig
a, pigain n. a
pad of wet cloth applied to the body
in sickness: pomento, pamento
compute v. 1 to do by arithmetic: magtu
os, tumutu
os, tuusin,
magkuwenta, kumuwenta, kuwentahin 2 to calculate: kalkulahin,
tantiyahin
concave adj. hollow and curve:
maluk
ong, hungk
ag
concentrate v. 1 to pay close attention to: humar
ap (harapin) nang
lub
usan 2 to think on with attention: pag-isipang mab
uti (matam
an)
3 to bring together to one place:
magtipon, magkatipon, tip
unin,
mags
ama-s
ama, pagsam
a-sam
ahin,
pis
anin
concern n. 1 solicitude, interest:
malas
akit, pagmamalas
akit 2 anxiety:
pagkabalisa,
pag-aala
ala,
pag-aalal
a, hindi pagkapalag
ay 3
duty: tungk
ulin, pananag
utan 4 rm,
business company: b
ahay-kal
akal,
kompaniy
a, kompany
a, sam
ahan
v. 1 to worry: mabah
ala, magala
ala, mag-alal
a, mabalisa 2 to
have to do with: magkaro
on ng
kinal
aman sa 3 to whom it may
concern: sa kinauuk
ulan
concert n. musical entertainment:
konsiyerto, seren
ata
conclusion n. 1 end: wak
as, katapus
an, konklusy
on 2 opinion reached
by reasoning: palag
ay 3 a decision

25

confusion
or conviction: pasiy
a
conclude v. 1 to nish, to end: magtap
os, mat
apos, tum
apos, tap
usin,
magwak
as, wakas
an 2 to come to
an opinion: magpalag
ay, ipalag
ay
3 to settle or arrange: magpatibay,
pagtib
ayin 4 to decide or resolve:
magpasiy
a, pasiyah
an, ipasiy
a
condiments n. something used to
give avor: pampal
asa
conductor n. 1 guide or leader:
patn
ubay, tagapatn
ubay, giya, tagapang
una 2 band or orchestra leader:
kondukt
or, patn
ugot, banlider 3 on
a train, bus, etc.: kondukt
or
cone n. k
ono, balisungs
ong
conference n. 1 meeting of interested persons to discuss a particular
subject: komperensiya, panay
am,
kapulung
an 2 talking something
over: pakikipanay
am, pagpapanay
am,
pagpup
ulong, pakikipag-
usap
condence n. 1 trust: kompiy
ansa,
tiw
ala, pagtitiw
ala 2 courage:
t
apang, katap
angan, lak
as ng lo
ob 3
rm belief: matibay na paniniw
ala,
tap
at na panan
alig 4 self-reliance:
pagtitiw
ala sa sarili 5 secret: lihim
conagration n. a big re: malaking
s
unog
conform v. 1 to act according
to law or rule: sumun
od, sundin,

tumalima, talim
ahin, umalins
unod,
ialins
unod 2 to be like or make
like: tum
ulad, mat
ulad, tul
aran,
it
ulad, umalins
unod, maalins
unod,
ialins
unod
confuse v. 1 to perplex: makatarant
a,
matarant
a,
tarantahin,
lumit
o,
makalit
o, malit
o, lituhin, gumul
o,
makagul
o, magul
o, guluhin, magulumih
anan 2 to mistake one thing for
another: pagkamali
an, ipagk
amali,
pagk
amalan
confused adj. mixed-up, muddled:
magul
o, naguguluh
an, lit
o, nalilito,
tarant
a, natatarant
a
confusion n. 1 mixed-up condition
of things, tumult: gul
o, kagul
uhan,

congratulate
pagkakagul
o 2 of the mind: pagkalit
o,
pagkatarant
a
congratulate v. to express ones
pleasure at the good fortune of
another: bum
ati, batiin
congress n.
a
national
lawmaking body: kongreso, bat
asangpambans
a, kapulung
ang-bans
a
congressman n. a member of
the House of Representative: represent
ante kinataw
an, diput
ado,
kongresista
conquer v. 1 to overcome by force
or eort: gumahis, gahisin, magahis,
lum
upig, lupigin, mal
upig, mat
alo,
tal
unin 2 to take in war, subjugate:
sum
akop, mas
akop, sak
upin 3 to
conquer a vice, etc.: mapaglab
anan,
mas
upil, supilin 4 to win a victory
over, to be successful: magtagump
ay,
pagtagumpay
an 5 to captivate, as by
eloquence, etc.: bumihag, mabihag,
bih
agin, um
akit, ma
akit, akitin
conscience n. sense of right and
wrong: budhi, konsiyensiya
consciousness n. 1 state of being able to think, etc.: m
alay,
m
alay-t
ao, ulir
at 2 knowledge of:
pagkaal
am, pagka
alam, pagkabatid 3
awareness of: kamal
ayan
consecrate v. 1 to set apart as
sacred: konsagrahin 2 to oer to
God: mag-
alay (i
alay) sa Diy
os,
maghand
og (ihand
og) sa Diy
os 3
to devote oneself to a purpose:
magla
an, ila
an, magtalag
a, italag
a
consequence n.
result:
b
unga,
res
ulta
conserve v. 1 to preserve from
being used up, as forests and
soil: mag-al
aga, mangal
aga, pangalag
aan, alag
aan 2 to preserve
fruits, etc.: mag-imb
ak, imbakin
consideration n. 1 thoughtfulness
for others and their feelings: konsiderasy
on, pagtingin, pag-iintindi,
pag-aala
ala 2 thinking about things
(in order to decide): pag-iisip,
pagsasa
alang-
alang

26

continue
console v. 1 to comfort: mag-aliw,
umaliw, aliwin 2 to commiserate:
makir
amay
constant adj. 1 always the same,
not changing: hindi nagbab
ago,
palagian 2 continually happening:
pat
uloy, pa
ulit-
ulit, wal
ang tigil,
pan
ay 3 faithful: tap
at, matap
at
4 steady in purpose, resolute:
matat
ag, matibay, matimtiman 5
persevering: matiyag
a
constipation n. a sluggish condition
of the bowels: hindi pagkadumi, tibi
constitution n. 1 nature, makeup (ref. to the human body):
pangangataw
an 2 principles governing a country: saligang-bat
as,
konstitusy
on
construct v. 1 to build: magtay
o,
tayu
an, itay
o, yum
ari, yariin,
gumaw
a, gawin 2 to put together:
magbu
o, bumu
o, buuin
consul n. k
onsul
consult v. 1 to seek information
or advice from: sumangguni, sangguniin, isangguni, magkons
ulta,
kumons
ulta, kons
ultahin, pagkonsultah
an, ikons
ulta 2 to seek the
advice of a doctor: magpatingin,
patingin, patingn
an, kumons
ulta,
magkons
ulta, ikons
ulta, konsultahin
consumed v. 1 to use up: ma
ubos,
um
ubos, ub
usin, gum
amit, mag
amit,
gamitin 2 to burn up, to destroy: tum
upok, mat
upok, tup
ukin,
lum
amon, lam
unin 3 to spend, waste
(time, money, etc.): mags
ayang,
say
angin, mag-aksay
a, aksayahin
contents n. 1 what is contained in
anything: lam
an 2 what is written
in a book or letter, what is said in a
speech: nilalam
an
contest n. 1 competition of skill:
paligs
ahan 2 a beauty or literary
competition: timpal
ak 3 ght or
struggle: laban
an, tunggalian
continent n. one of the seven great
masses of land on the earth: kontinente, lup
alop

continous
continue v. 1 to keep on, keep up:
magpat
uloy, magtul
oy, itul
oy, ipagpat
uloy 2 not to stop: hindi tumigil
continous adj. 1 without stopping: wal
ang tigil, wal
ang hint
o,
tul
oy-tul
oy 2 without a gap or
break: wal
ang patl
ang, wal
ang patid,
wal
ang lag
ot
contraband n. smuggled (goods):
kontrab
andong kal
akal, palus
ot na
kal
akal adj. against the law,
prohibited: lab
ag sa bat
as, b
awal
contraceptive n. pagpigil ng b
unga
ng pagtat
alik
contract n. agreement: kasund
uan,
kontr
ata v. 1 to make a contract:
makipagkasund
o, makipagkontr
ata,
kumontr
ata, kontrat
ahin 2 to
acquire a disease: magkasakit
contract v. 1 to become smaller:
lumiit 2 to become shorter: umikli,
um
urong 3 to make shorter:
magpaikli, paikliin
contraction n. 1 process of contracting:
pag-ikli,
pagpapaikli,
pagliit, pagpapaliit, pag-
urong 2
state of being contracted, becoming
smaller or shorter: pagka
urong,
pagkaikli, pagkaliit 3 something
contracted, a shortened form: ang
pinaikli, b
agay na pinaikli
contradiction n. 1 the act of
contradicting: pagpapasinung
aling,
pagpapabul
aan, pagsalung
at, pagt
utol
2
disagreement,
inconsistency:
pagsasalung
atan, pagkakasalung
atan
contrary adj. 1 opposed, opposite:
l
aban, kal
aban, salung
at, kasalung
at,
k
ontra, kak
ontra 2 stubborn, opposing: palak
ontra, palat
utol n. the
opposite: ang kasalung
at
control v. 1 to have in ones
power, to have authority over:
mamah
ala, pamahal
aan 2 to hold
back: magpigil, pumigil, pigilin n.
1 power, authority: kapangyarihan,
pamamah
ala 2 holding back, restraining: pagpipigil, pagtitimpi 3
means of restraint, check: pang-

27

copy
hadl
ang, pampigil 4 birth control:
pagpipigil
contusion n. bruise: pas
a
convent n. kumbento
conversation n. talk: pag-u
usap,
us
apan, pagsas
alitaan, s
alitaan
converse v. to talk: mag-
usap,
makip
ag-
usap, pag-us
apan, kaus
apin
adj. converse, opposite: kasalung
at,
kabaligtar
an, salung
at
convex adj. curved out, like the
outside of a sphere or circle: k
ukob,
luk
ob umb
ok, maumb
ok, matamb
ok,
kuluk
ob
convince v. 1 to make a person
feel sure: kumumbinsi, makumbinsi,
kumbinsihin 2 to persuade: mapas
ang-
ayon,
pas
ang-ay
unin,
mahik
ayat, humik
ayat, hikay
atin
3 to make a person believe:
magpapaniw
ala,
mapapaniw
ala,
papaniwal
ain
convulsion n. a violent contracting
of the muscles, a t: kombulsiy
on,
pagkis
ay, pangingis
ay
cook n. person who cooks: kusinero
(male), kusin
era (female), tagapagl
uto v. 1 to prepare food by
using heat: magl
uto, lut
uin, il
uto
2 to cook rice (by boiling until the
water evaporates): mags
aing, is
aing
cookies n. a small sweet cake: k
ukis
cool adj. 1 somewhat or a little
cold: malamig-lamig, presko (Sp),
medyo malamig 2 not excited, calm:
mahin
ahon, tahimik, malamig n.
something cool: lamig, kalamig
an
v. 1 to become cool: lumamig 2 to
make cool: magpalamig, palamigin
cooperate v. to help one another:
makipagtulung
an, magtulung
an
cooperation n. working together:
pagtutul
ungan, pakikipagtulung
an
copper n. reddish metal: tans
o,
tumb
aga
copra n. the dried meat of coconuts:
k
opra, kalibkib
copy n. 1 thing made to be just like
another, reproduction: k
opya, sipi,

coquette
duplik
ado 2 a copy of a magazine,
paper, etc.: sipi, bilang v. 1 to
make a copy of: kum
opya, kopyahin,
ik
opya, sumipi, sipiin 2 to imitate:
tum
ulad, tul
aran, pum
aris, parisan,
gum
aya, gay
ahin
coquette n. a irt (but not in a very
bad sense): bab
aing kiri, bab
aing
halipar
ot, alembong
cord n. 1 a thick, well-made string:
l
ubid 2 twine: pisi 3 string: leteng
4 electric cord: kurd
on 5 spinal cord:
gul
ugod
cork n. stopper: tap
on v. to cork:
magtap
on, tapun
an
corkscrew n. tool to pull corks out
of bottles: tribus
on
corn n. 1 Indian corn, maize: mais
2 ear of corn: p
uso ng mais 3
toasted corn, popcorn: binus
ang
mais, p
apkorn 4 a hard growth on
the skin: k
alyo
corn cob n. b
usal
corner n. 1 of a room: s
ulok 2
place where two streets meet: k
anto,
panul
ukan v. 1 to force into a
dicult position: mapikot, pumikot,
pik
utin, masuk
ol 2 to buy up something to raise its price: mag-impit,
umumpit, impitin
cornstarch n. a starchy our made
from corn: gawg
aw (ng mais)
coronation n. crowning of a king or
a queen: koronasy
on, pagpup
utong
ng kor
ona
corporation n. a group of persons
with special rights and priveleges:
korporasy
on
corral n. 1 a pen for horses, cattle,
etc: kur
al, kor
al 2 sh corral: bakl
ad
correct adj. true, right: t
ama,
tump
ak, wast
o v. 1 to set
right: magtump
ak, itump
ak, magwast
o, iwast
o, magtuwid, ituwid,
magt
ama, it
ama 2 to mark
mistakes in: magkorek, korekin,
magmark
a, markah
an 3 to punish:
magpar
usa, parus
ahan
correction n. act of setting right:

28

counsel
pagtutuwid,
pagtut
umpak,
pagwawast
o, pagkokorek
correspondence n. 1 agreement:
pagkaka-
ayon, pagkakais
a 2 exchange of letters: pagsusulat
an,
pakikipagsulat
an, pagliliham
an 3
letters: mga s
ulat, mga liham
correspondent n. 1 person who exchanges letters with one another: kasulat
an, kaliham
an 2 newspaper correspondent: kabalita
an
corridor n. a long hallway: korid
or
(Sp), pasilyo
corrode v. to eat away gradually:
k
aning unti-unti, agnasin
corrupt adj. 1 rotten: bul
ok 2
inuenced by bribes: nasusuh
ulan 3
wicked: makasal
anan v. 1 to make
evil: magpasam
a, pasamain 2 to
bribe: sum
uhol, suh
ulan
corsage n. bouquet worn on waist or
shoulder: kurs
ads
corresponding adj.
katug
on,
kaukul
an
cost n. 1 price paid: halag
a 2 at cost:
sa puh
unan v. to be obtained at
the price of: magkahalag
a
costly adj. 1 of great value: mahalag
a, mamah
alin 2 expensive:
mag
astos, mag
ugol 3 costing much,
dear: mah
al
costume n. 1 outer dress: damit,
kasu
utan 2 Filipina costume: ang
kasuut
ang Pilipina 3 street costume:
kasuut
ang panl
akad
cot n. a small light bed: tiheras
cottage cheese n. a soft white
cheese: kesong puti
cotton n. 1 cotton wool: b
ulak 2 cotton thread: sin
ulid
couch n. a bed or sofa for sleep or
rest: sup
a v. to lie hidden ready to
attack: mag-ab
ang, magkubli, man

gubli, kumubli
cough n. act of coughing: ub
o, pagub
o v. to cough: umub
o, ubuhin
counsel n. 1 advice: p
ayo 2 lawyer
or group of lawyers: abug
ado o
mga ab
ugado, mananangg
ol o mga

counterfeit
mananangg
ol v. 1 to give advice
to: magp
ayo, pay
uhan, pagpay
uhan
2 to give as advice: ip
ayo 3 to seek
counsel: sumangg
uni, sangguniin,
isangg
uni,
humingi
(hing
an,
ihingi) ng p
ayo
counterfeit adj.
imitated,
not
genuine: huw
ad, palsipik
ado v. to
copy money, pictures, etc., in order
to deceive: manghuw
ad, humuw
ad,
huwar
an, pumalsipik
a, palsipikahin
country n. 1 a nation: bans
a, b
ayan
2 native land: l
upang-tinub
uan,
b
ayang-tinub
uan, in
ang-b
ayan 3
as contrasted with city, town or
province: probinsiya, lalawigan
coupon n. part of a ticket that gives
certain rights: kup
on
courageous adj. fearless, brave:
mat
apang, magiting, malak
as ang
lo
ob
course n. 1 series of studies: k
urso 2
direction taken: da
an, pagdara
anan,
dara
anan, pinagdara
anan 3 line of
action, procedure: hakb
ang, para
an
4 part of a meal served at one time:
put
ahe 5 of course, surely, certainly:
talag
a, tiy
ak, mangy
ari pa
court n. 1 place where justice is
administered, tribunal: huk
uman,
husg
ado 2 Court of First Instance:
Huk
umang Unang Dul
ugan
3
Supreme Court: Kata
as-ta
asang
Huk
uman, K
orte Suprema 4 a
sovereign and his retinue: k
orte 5
space partly or wholly enclosed
by walls or buildings: p
atyo 6 a
place marked o for a game: lar
uan,
palar
uan v. 1 to seek the favor of,
to try to please: man
uyo, sum
uyo
suy
uin 2 to court, to woo: manligaw,
lumigaw, lig
awan
courteous adj.
well-mannered,
respectful: mag
alang, mapit
agan
courthouse n. a building in which
courts of law are held: huk
uman
courtship n. to court, wooing:
panliligaw, pagligaw
cousin n. the son or daughter of

29

cram
ones uncle or aunt: pinsan
cover n. 1 cover of a book: bal
at,
pabal
at 2 cover of any container:
takip, panakip 3 cover for pots:
tungt
ong, sukl
ob 4 wrapping: b
alot,
pamb
alot v. 1 to put something
over, to cover: magtakip, takp
an,
itakip, magtakl
ob, taklub
an, itakl
ob
2 to cover with earth: magt
abon,
tab
unan 3 to hide: magkail
a, ikail
a,
ipagkail
a, pagkaila
an, magt
ago,
it
ago, pagtag
uan, maglihim, ilihim,
paglihiman 4 to cover up ones
mistakes: magtakip, pagtakp
an
covering n. 1 anything that covers:
takip, panakip, sukl
ob, panukl
ob,
takl
ob, panakl
ob 2 a covering for
a womans head: talukb
ong, belo,
pand
ong
cow n. a dairy animal that provides
milk: b
aka
coward n/adj. one who lacks
courage, fearful, timid: duw
ag,
mahina ang lo
ob
cowboy n. k
oboy
cowhide n. the hide of a cow: bal
at
ng b
aka, k
atad
cowshed n. silung
an ng b
aka
cozy adj. warm and comfortable.
(No exact equivalent): ginh
awa,
maginh
awa
crab n. water animal: alim
ango,
alim
asag, talangk
a
crack n. 1 a split in crockery or
glass: l
amat, b
asag 2 a sudden,
sharp noise: haginit, lagitik, lagut
ok
3 split or ssure in stone, wood, etc.:
put
ok, bit
ak v. 1 to cause to make
a sudden, sharp noise: magpahaginit,
pahaginitin, magpalagitik, palagitikin 2 to break without separating
into parts: magkal
amat 3 to break
with a sharp noise: lumagut
ok
cradle n. 1 crib: d
uyan, k
una 2
the place where anything begins its
growth: sinil
angan, pinagmul
an
cram v. 1 to force into, to force
down, to stu: magsiksik, siksik
an,
siksikin, isiksik 2 to ll or be lled

cramp
too full: mapun
o nang (punuing)

mab
uti, siksikin
cramp n. 1 to study intensively
before an exam: magpuy
at (sa paga
aral) 2 sudden, painful contracting
of the muscles from chill or strain:
pulikat, kal
ambre 3 to be seized with
cramps: magkapulikat, pulik
atin,
magkakal
ambre, kalambrihin
crane n. machine for lifting heavy
weights: gr
ua, kreyn
cranky adj. irritable: magagalitin,
mainit ang u
lo, mas
ungit
crash n. 1 a sudden loud noise: lagap
ak, kalab
og 2 the violent striking
of one solid thing against another:
salp
ukan, bangg
aan v. to fall with
force: bumags
ak, lumagp
ak
crate n. a large box: malaking kah
on
crater n. opening of a volcano: bungang
a ng bulk
an
crave v. to long for: magmithinang
l
abis, manabik nang l
abis
crawl v. to creep or to move slowly
on hands and knees: gum
apang n.
slow movement along the ground:
g
apang
crayon n. stick or pencil of chalk,
charcoal, etc: kr
ayon, kray
ola
crazy adj. 1 insane: baliw, l
oko/a,
hib
ang 2 foolish: ul
ol 3 deranged:
sir
a ang isip/
ulo 4 to become crazy:
mal
oko, mabaliw, maul
ol 5 to be
crazy about something: mahib
ang
creak n. creaking sound: langitngit
v. to squeak loudly: lumangitngit
cream adj. yellowish white: krema,
k
ulay-g
atas n. 1 oily, yellowish
part of milk: krema, krim, g
atas 2
face or skin cream: krim, krim sa
mukh
a o bal
at
crease n. 1 wrinkle: l
ukot 2 a line
or mark made by folding: mark
a ng
lupi (tupi) 3 the line or fold made in
trousers by ironing: pist
on v. to become crumpled: mal
ukot, makus
ot,
magus
ot
create v. 1 to make a thing which
has not been made before: lumikh
a,

30

cross
likhain, lumal
ang, lalangin 2 to be
the cause of, to make: gumaw
a,
gawin
credit n. 1 indebtedness: u
tang,
pa
utang 2 reputation in money
matters: kredito v. to buy on
credit: ut
angin
creditor n. person to whom money
or goods are due: pinagkakaut
angan
creek n. small stream: s
apa,
il
ug-il
ugan
creep v. 1 to crawl: gum
apang 2
to feel as if things were creeping
over the skin: mangil
abot, kilab
utan,
pangilab
utan 3 to grow by clinging,
as a vine does: gum
apang
crib n. a childs bed with side railings: k
una, al
uyan
crime n. a grave oence against the
law: krimen, kasal
anang mabig
at
criminal n. person who has committed a crime: salarin, krimin
al adj.
sinful or very wicked: makasal
anan,
napakasam
a
cripple n. 1 a person who cannot
use his body properly esp. the legs:
salant
a, lump
o 2 a lame person:
pil
ay v. 1 to make a cripple of:
malump
o 2 to disable: sumalant
a,
masalant
a, salantain 3 to damage,
to weaken: pumins
ala, mapins
ala,
pinsal
ain
crisp adj. 1 brittle: malut
ong 2
fresh, bracing: sariwa, presko
criticize/criticise v. 1 to nd fault
with: mam
ula, pum
ula, mamint
as,
pumint
as, pint
asan 2 to criticize
severely: bumatikos, batik
usin
crochet n. the thing crocheted:
gantsilyo v. to make needle work
by looping thread with a hooked
needle: maggantsilyo, gantsilyuhin
crooked adj. 1 not straight: hindi
tuwid, kil
o, lik
o 2 bent: balukt
ot,
balikuk
o 3 twisted, curved: lik
ulik
o, kil
o, kil
u-kil
o 4 not honest:
magdaray
a, manlilinl
ang, hinditap
at 5 having a crooked arm:
k
omang, mangk
o, singk
ol

cross-eyed
cross n. 1 a stick or cross with another across it like a T: krus 2 crucix: krusipiho v. to go across: tumawid, tawirin adj. in bad temper: galit
cross-eyed adj. having both eyes
turned toward the nose: duling
crossing n. 1 place where lines,
tracks, etc., cross: bagt
asan, krus
na da
an, kr
osing 2 place at which
a river, street, etc. may be crossed:
tawiran, bagt
asan
cross-walk n. tawiran
crowbar n. a long bar of iron for lifting: bareta
crowd n. 1 many people: mar
aming
t
ao, karamihan ng t
ao, kakap
al ng
t
ao 2 group, set, company: pangk
at,
gr
upo v. to ll too full, to cram:
dumags
a, dagsa
an, mapun
o
crown n. head covering for a king or
queen: kor
ona, p
utong v. 1 to put
a crown on: magkor
ona, koron
ahan,
magp
utong, put
ungan 2 to crown
with success: gantimpal
aan
crude adj. rough, lacking renement: magasp
ang
cruel adj. 1 giving pain to others,
hardhearted: malupit, mabagsik
2 merciless: wal
ang
awa, wal
ang
hab
ag
crush v. 1 to break into pieces by
pounding, grinding or pressing:
magd
urog, dum
urog, dur
ugin, 2 to
squeeze with ngers or hand so
as to break or bruise: lumam
ukos,
malam
ukos, lamuk
usin, lumam
ukot,
malam
ukot, lamuk
utin 3 to wrinkle
or crumple: makus
ot, kusutin,
malam
ukot, lamuk
utin 4 to compress or atten by pressure: pumis
a,
mapis
a, pisain 5 to subdue or conquer: lum
upig, mal
upig, lupigin 6
to be smashed into pieces: malur
ay,
magkaluray-lur
ay, lurayin 7 to
be squeezed (e.g. in a crowd):
maipit 8 to push, to cram, squeeze:
magsiksikan n. a mass of people
crowded close together: dags
a ng

31

curl
mga tao
crutch n. support to help lame persons: s
aklay, muleta
cry v. 1 to make noise from grief
or pain, usually with tears: umiy
ak,
mag-iiy
ak, iyak
an 2 to shed tears:
lum
uha, maluh
a n. 1 noise of
grief, pain: iy
ak 2 loud call: hiy
aw,
sig
aw, malak
as na t
awag 3 t of
weeping: pag-uumiy
ak, panan
angis
4 cry of a new born baby: uh
a 5
sudden shrill cry : tili
cube n. a solid with six square sides:
k
ubo
cuddle v. to hold closely and
lovingly:
pumangk
o,
kand
ungkandungin
cucumber n. a vegetable: pipino
cu n. 1 the turned-up part of a
sleeve: puny
os 2 of trousers: lupi 3
a slap: samp
al
cu link n. himelo, hemelo
culture n. 1 cultivation of learning:
kalinang
an, kult
ura 2 civilization:
kabihasn
an, sibilisasy
on
cup n. 1 dish to drink from: t
asa 2
vase or cup-shaped vessel such as
given for a prize: k
opa
cupboard n. closet or cabinet with
shelves for dishes and food supplies:
pamingg
alan
cure v. 1 to bring back to health, to
make well: magpagaling, pagalingin
2 to get rid of an ailment or bad
habit by treatment: gumam
ot,
gamutin, ipagam
ot 3 to be able to
remedy: makagaling, makapagpagaling, makal
unas 4 to preserve by
salting: asin
an, magb
uro, bur
uhin
5 to preserve by drying: patuyuin,
daingin, tap
ahin 6 to cure by smoking: paus
ukan (tinap
a) n. 1 a
remedy: l
unas, panl
unas 2 medicine:
gam
ot
curious adj.
eager
to
know:
mausisa, usisero/a, osy
oso/a
curl v. 1 to coil into ringlets:
magkul
ot, kulut
an 2 to curve or
twist out of shape: mabalukt
ot,

curly
bumalukt
ot, mamalukt
ot, baluktutin
curly adj. 1 kul
ot 2 curly hair: kul
ot
na buh
ok
curse v. to wish evil upon: sumpain
n. wishing evil: sump
a, pagsump
a
curtain n. 1 cloth hung at windows
or doors: kurtina 2 a hanging screen
on a stage: tel
on, t
abing
curve n. a bend on a road: lik
o,
k
urba, kurb
ada v. to curve or turn
slightly: lumik
o nang bahagy
a
curved adj. slightly bent: balukt
ot,
balikuk
o
cushion n. a soft pillow for a couch
or a chair: almuhad
on
custom n. habit: ug
ali, kaugali
an,
kost
umbre
customer n. 1 one who buys:
mamimili 2 a regular customer:
s
uki, paroky
ano
customs n. taxes paid on imported
goods: b
ayad sa adw
ana
cut n. 1 a gash or incision: hiwa,
s
ugat 2 wound made by a bolo:
tag
a 3 a piece that has been cut
o: hiwa, pir
aso, p
utol 4 reduction:
b
awas 5 cut of a dress: t
abas 6 cut
made by a scissors: gupit 7 a very
slight cut, scratch: g
alos, gasg
as
v. 1 to make an incision: humiwa,
mahiwa, hiw
ain 2 to cut with a
bolo: tumag
a, matag
a, tagain 3
to cut down or to cut o: pum
utol,
put
ulin 4 to cut down a banana
plant or to cut o a bunch of the
fruit: tumib
a, tibain 5 to cut into
pieces: magput
ul-put
ol, pagput
ulputulin, paghiw
a-hiw
ain 6 to cut
with scissors: maggupit, gumupit,
gupitin, gupit
an 7 to cut o the
head: pum
ugot, pug
utan, pug
utin
8 to reduce: magb
awas, bum
awas,
baw
asan 9 to divide: magh
ati,
hum
ati, hatiin, bahaginin, pagbah
abahaginin 10 to cut out a dress:
tum
abas, mat
abas, tab
asin
cycle n. bicycle: bisikleta
cyclist n. rider of a bicycle: siklista
cutlery n. forks, knives,etc for table

32

darling
use: kubyertos
cyclone n. typhoon: bagy
o, un
os
cylinder n. a hollow or solid body
shaped like a cylinder: silindro

D
dagger n. a weapon for stabbing,
with a short, pointed blade: balar
aw,
sira, sund
ang, puny
al
damage n. harm or injury that
lessens value or usefulness: pins
ala,
kapinsal
aan, sira, kasira
an v. to
harm or injure so as to lessen value
or usefulness: sumira, masira,
sir
ain,
pumins
ala,
mapins
ala,
pinsal
ain
dance n. 1 a stepping in unison
with music or rhythmic beats: say
aw
2 a party where people dance, a
ball: say
awan, b
ayle v. 1 to
dance: sumay
aw, magsay
aw 2 to
dance with someone: makipagsay
aw,
isay
aw
dancer n. 1 one who dances professionally: manan
ayaw 2 taxi-dancer:
baylerina
danger n. risk, peril, nearness to
harm: pang
anib, peligro
dangerous adj. not safe, likely to
cause harm: mapang
anib, peligr
oso,
delikado
dangle v. to hang loosely and
sway: um
uguy-
ugoy, paug
uy-ug
uyin,
lumawit-lawit, palawit-lawitin
daring adj. 1 fearless: wal
ang
t
akot, wal
ang kab
a, wal
ang g
ulat
2 brave: mat
apang 3 fearless
but reckless, bold: mapus
ok n.
boldness, courage to take risks:
t
apang, katap
angan, lak
as ng lo
ob,
kapangahas
an
dark adj. 1 lacking light: madilim 2
dark, as the skin: maitim 3 overcast,
as the sky: kulimlim, madilim n. a
place where there is no light: dilim,
kariml
an
darling n. person much loved:

dart
giliw, irog, liy
ag, sint
a, mah
al
adj. dearly beloved, much loved:
minamah
al, ginigiliw
dart n. 1 a small, pointed weapon,
as a spear for spearing sh: t
unod,
suligi, maikling sib
at 2 a sudden,
swift movement: sibad, hagibis,
kask
as v. to move or run away
swiftly or suddenly: sumibad,
humagibis, kumask
as
dashing adj. 1 full of energy, lively:
masigl
a, napakasigl
a 2 showy, smart:
mag
ara, napakakisig
date n. 1 time, a statement of a
time: petsa 2 an appointment (coll):
tip
anan v. to ax a date to:
petsah
an, lagy
an ng petsa
daughter n. female child or descendant: an
ak na bab
ae
daughter-in-law n. wife of ones
son: man
ugang na bab
ae
dawn n. daybreak: madaling-
araw,
buk
ang-liwayw
ay
day n. the time between sunrise and
sunset:
araw
daydream n. dreamy thinking of
pleasant things: pang
arap nang
gising v. to think dreamily of
pleasant things: mang
arap nang
gising
dead adj. 1 lifeless: pat
ay 2 without
force, power, spirit: wal
ang init,
wal
ang sigl
a n. 1 the dead, dead
people: ang mga pat
ay 2 stillness,
quiet: katahimikan
deal v. 1 to have to do with,
concern: may kaugnayan, may kinal
aman, mat
ungod 2 to carry on in
business: magtind
a, magbili 3 to act
towards: makit
ungo, pakitung
uhan,
makis
ama, pakisam
ahan, tumar
ato,
tarat
uhin 4 to give out among
several: mamig
ay, ipamig
ay n. 1
part or portion: bah
agi, p
arte 2 an
arrangement, proposition: panuk
ala
dear adj. 1 beloved: mah
al, minamah
al, iniirog, sinisint
a, ginigiliw,

liyag 2 costly: mah

al n. 1 term of
aection: mah
al, irog, sint
a, giliw 2

33

delegation
to hold dear: magmah
al, mahalin
debate n. 1 a public argument for
and against a question: pagtat
alo,
deb
ate 2 a poetical joust (common
in the Philippines): balagt
asan
v. to hold a public argument:
magt
alo, pagtal
unan, magdeb
ate,
pagdebatihan
deceive v. 1 to mislead: manlinl
ang,
dum
aya,
magd
aya,
linlangin,
day
ain, manl
oko, lok
ohin 2 to
allow oneself to be deceived:
palinl
ang, pal
oko, pad
aya 3 to lie:
magsinungaling
decide v. 1 to make up ones mind,
come to a decision: magpasiy
a,
ipasiy
a, pasiyah
an, magdisisy
on,
disisyon
an 2 to settle: lumut
as,
lutasin
decision n. 1 deciding, making up
ones mind: pasiy
a, pagpapasiy
a,
kapasiyah
an, desisy
on 2 judgment:
h
atol, pagh
atol
decorate v. to make beautiful, trim,
adorn: maggay
ak, gayak
an, magpalamuti, palamuti
an, magdekorasy
on,
dekorasyun
an
deep adj. 1 deep (depth): mal
alim
2 intense: matindi 3 profound: ta
os,
taimtim 4 hard to understand:
mal
alim
deer n. 1 an animal: us
a 2 female
deer: libay
defeat v. to overcome, to gain victory: tum
alo, mat
alo, tal
unin n.
defeat: pagkat
alo
defend v. 1 to keep safe, to protect:
magtangg
ol, ipagtangg
ol, 2 to ward
o a blow, to shield: sumangg
a,
manangg
a, sanggahin
defense n. 1 act of defending: pagtatangg
ol 2 anything that protects:
depensa
degree n. 1 educational degree:
titulo, digri 2 step: bait
ang 3 unit
for measuring temperature: gr
ado,
digri
delegate n.
representative:
kinataw
an, s
ugo, deleg
ado

delicate
delegation n. a group of delegates:
delegasy
on
delicate adj. 1 weak: mahina 2
sickly: masasaktin 3 of ne texture:
pino 4 fastidious (not common in
English): maselan 5 requiring skill,
tact or careful handling: maselan,
delik
ado 6 very sensitive: delik
ado
delicious adj. very tasty: napakasar
ap, napakal
asa, katak
amtak
am, malinamn
am
delirium n. temporary disorder of
the mind: pagkahib
ang, kahibang
an
deliver v. 1 to save: magligt
as,
maligt
as, iligt
as 2 to set free:
magpal
aya, palay
ain, hum
ango,
mah
ango,
hang
uin,
tumub
os,
matub
os, tubusin 3 to deliver letters, goods, etc: magdal
a, dalhin,
maghatid, ihatid 4 to give or
transfer: mag-ab
ot, iab
ot, magbig
ay,
ibig
ay
delude v. 1 to mislead: maglig
aw,
ilig
aw 2 to deceive: magd
aya,
day
ain, manlinl
ang, linlangin 3
to allow oneself to be deceived:
pad
aya, palinl
ang
deluge n. a great ood: g
unaw,
pagkag
unaw,
malaking
bah
a,
dil
ubyo
demand v. 1 to ask with authority: hinging paut
os (sapilit
an)
2 to ask for as a right: hingin
bilang karapat
an, hingin
ayon sa
matwid 3 to call for, require,
need: mangail
angan, kailang
anin
4 to be needed: maging kail
angan,
kailang
anin n. 1 requirements,
need: kail
angan, pangangail
angan 2
claim: h
abol, paghah
abol, hinah
abol,
angkin, inaangkin
demolish v. to pull or tear down,
to destroy: maggib
a magib
a,
igib
a, gibain, magw
asak, maw
asak,
was
akin
demon n. devil: dem
onyo, diy
ablo
denial n. 1 refusing: pagtanggi,
pagkatanggi 2 refusing to acknowledge, repudiating: pagtatatuw
a,

34

design
pagkakail
a, pagtatakwil
dentist n. dentista
deny v. 1 to reject, to disown:
magtakwil, itakwil 2 to refuse to
admit:
ayaw aminin, magkail
a,
ipagkail
a,
ikail
a,
magtatuw
a,
itatuw
a 3 to refuse to grant:
magkait, ikait, ipagkait, pagkait
an 4
to say something that is not true,
to contradict, to give the lie to:
magpabula
an, pabulaan
an
depart v. 1 to go away: umalis,
lumisan, yum
ao 2 to pass away, to
die: yum
ao, mamat
ay, pum
anaw
department n. a separate administrative section: k
agawaran
deposit v. 1 to put in a place
for
safe-keeping:
magdep
osito,
idep
osito, magl
agak, il
agak 2 to put
down: maglap
ag, ilap
ag, maglag
ay,
ilag
ay 3 to pay as a pledge of full
payment: magdep
osito, deposituh
an,
idep
osito n. the sum deposited:
dep
osito, l
agak
depressed adj. sad: malungk
ot,
malumb
ay
derive v. 1 to get, to obtain:
kum
uha, mak
uha, k
unin, magkamit,

makamit, makamt
an 2 to originate,
to come from a certain source:
mangg
aling, g
aling magmul
a, mul
a
descend v. to go down from a higher
place to a lower place, to go down:
bumab
a, man
aog, puman
aog
describe v. to portray in words:
maglar
awan, ilar
awan
desert n. 1 arid region: disyerto 2
an unoccupied place: il
ang, p
arang
adj. uninhabited, barren: wal
ang
t
aong tumitir
a
desert n. due reward or punishment,
what one deserves: ang mar
apat,
ang nau
ukol v. 1 to leave without
permission: tum
akas, magt
anan,
tum
anan 2 to forsake: magpab
aya,
pabay
aan, iwan
deserving adj. worthy of something: kar
apat-d
apat
design n. 1 the arrangement of de-

desire
tails, form and color: dib
uho, disenyo
2 a drawing: g
uhit, dib
uho, dr
owing
3 a plan: pl
ano 4 a sketch: kr
okis 5 a
plan in mind to be carried out: b
alak,
tangk
a 6 intention: hang
ad, lay
unin
v. 1 to make a design: magdib
uho,
dibuh
uhan 2 to make a plan: gum
uhit
(gumaw
a) ng pl
ano
desire n. wish: n
ais, n
asa, ibig,
gust
o, hang
ad v. to like, to want:
gumust
o, gustuhin, umibig, ibigin
desk n. desk, pupitre, eskrit
oryo
desperate adj. 1 beyond or almost
beyond hope: wal
a nang pag-
asa 2
ready to run any risk: desper
ado
despicable adj. 1 contemptible,
shameful: kal
ait-l
ait, kahiy
a-hiy
a
2
loathsome:
kasukl
am-sukl
am,
kamuhi-muhi
despite prep. in spite of: k
ahit na,
sa kabil
a ng
dessert n. a course of sweets or
fruit at the end of a meal: him
agas,
panghim
agas, matamis
destination n. 1 place where one is
bound for: paroroon
an, pupuntah
an,
patutung
uhan 2 place where a thing
is bound for: pagdadalh
an
destitute adj. 1 very poor, lacking necessary food and clothing:
hikah
os, dah
op, sal
at, napakadukh
a,
dukh
ang-dukh
a, hir
ap na hir
ap 2
entirely without: wal
a, wal
angwal
a
destroy v. 1 to ruin: sumir
a, sir
ain,
pumins
ala, pinsal
ain 2 to demolish:
magw
asak,
was
akin,
maggib
a,
magib
a, gibain, igib
a, lansagin 3
to pull down: magpag
uho, buwagin
4 to exterminate, to wipe away:
pumuks
a, puksain, lumipol, lip
ulin
destruction n. 1 act of destroying:
pagsira, paninira, pagwaw
asak 2
state of being destroyed: pagkasira,
pagkaw
asak, pagkag
unaw, kasira
an
destructive adj.
destroying,
causing destruction: mapanira,
mapagw
asak, mapamins
ala
detach v. 1 to unfasten: magtangg
al,

35

dierence
tumangg
al, tanggalin 2 to remove:

mag-alis, alisin 3 to separate:

tumukl
ap, matukl
ap, tuklapin 4 to
separate something which is pasted,
to decorticate: bumakb
ak, bakbakin,

pumaknit, paknitin
detain v. to keep back, to keep from
going away: pumigil, pigilin
detective n. one whose occupation
is to detect: tiktik, detektib
determination n.
1
deciding,
settling beforehand: pagpapasiy
a 2a
xed purpose or resolution: matibay
na hang
ad
detour n. a turning, a deviation, a
roundabout way: lik
o, lik
uan v.
to make a detour: lumik
o, bum
aling,
lumihis, lumigoy
deviate v. 1 to turn aside from a
course: lumihis 2 to change, make
dierent (broad meaning): mag-ib
a,
ibahin
devil n. satan: satan
as, dem
onyo,
diy
ablo
diabetes n. a disease: diyabetis, pagihi ng matamis
diamond n. a precious stone:
brily
ante
diaper n. a babys underclothing:
lampin
dictate v. 1 to say or read aloud
to another person who is to write
what is said or read: magdikt
a,
idikt
a, diktah
an 2 to speak with
authority, to make others do what
one says: magdikt
a, idikt
a, diktah
an,
mag-
utos, i
utos, ut
usan, magm
ando
n. order, direction: u
tos, mand
o
dictator n. person exercising absolute authority: diktad
or
die v. 1 to stop living: mamat
ay 2
to pass away: yum
ao, pum
anaw 3 to
come to an end: mat
apos, magwak
as
diet n. a regulated course of eating
and drinking: diyeta v. to diet:
magdiyeta, diyet
ahin, magt
asa sa
pagk
ain
dierence n. 1 being dierent:
pagkakaib
a, kaibh
an 2 the amount

dierent
or manner of being dierent:
diperensiya 3 a disagreement in
opinion: di-pagkakaunawa
an, dipagkakasund
o, di-pagkakaintindihan
4 a dispute or quarrel:
away,
pag-a
away, hidw
aan
dierent adj. 1 not alike: ib
a,
magkaib
a, ib
ang-ib
a 2 not similar:
di kat
ulad, di kap
aris, di kapareho
3 referring to various kinds: saris
ari
4 varied: ib
at ib
a
dig v. 1 to make a hole in the
ground:
magh
ukay,
hum
ukay,
huk
ayin 2 to dig up the ground:
magh
ukay, hum
ukay, huk
ayin 3 to
dig up the ground or something else
in search of something (as in scavenging): maghal
ukay, humal
ukay,
haluk
ayin, magbungk
al, bumungk
al,
bungkalin
dike n. 1 a bank of earth as a defense
against ooding: dike 2 a small dike
as in riceeld: pil
apil
diligent adj. hard-working, industrious: masipag, masikap, masig
asig
diminutive adj. small, tiny: maliit,
napakaliit, munti, napakaunti
dinner n. 1 evening meal: hap
unan
2 a formal meal in honor of some
person or occasion: s
alu-s
alo,
bangkete, piging 3 to take dinner,
meaning to take supper (evening
meal): maghap
unan
dipper n. 1 a long handled container
for lifting water or liquids: panal
ok,
kutsar
on 2 coconut shell or can without a handle: t
abo, pan
ab
o
direct v. 1 to manage or control:
mamah
ala,
pamahal
aan,
mamatn
ugot, patnug
utan, mangasiwa, pangasiw
aan 2 to order
or command: mag-
utos, ut
usan,
pag-ut
usan, magmando, manduh
an,
pagmanduh
an 3 to point or show
the way: magt
uro, it
uro 4 to
guide: mag-
akay, um
akay, ak
ayin,
pumatn
ubay, patnub
ayan adj.
1 straight: tul
uy-tul
oy, tuwiran,
diretso 2 frank, truthful: tap
at,

36

discharge
matap
at 3 clear, plain: maliw
anag 4
to the point: tuwiran, tiy
ak, diretso
direction n. 1 guiding, managing: pamamah
ala, pamamatn
ugot,
pangangasiwa 2 order, command:
u
tos, mand
o 3 instruction: bilin,
tagubilin, pan
uto
director n. person who directs,
manager: patn
ugot, direkt
or, tagapamah
ala, tagapangasiwa
dirt n. 1 anything that soils skin,
clothing, etc.: dumi 2 dirt on the
face:
amos, d
using, d
ungis 3 dirt on
the body: lib
ag, b
anil 4 loose earth
or soil: l
upa 5 mud: p
utik
dirty adj. 1 not clean: marumi,
mar
ungis 2 soiled by mud: map
utik,
naputikan 3 dusty: maalikab
ok,
maalab
ok, magab
ok 4 not clean or
pure in language or action: sala
ula,
masagw
a, mah
alay, malasw
a v.
1 to make dirty, to soil: magdumi,
dumih
an, parumihin 2 to become
dirty: madumih
an, marungisan,
masala
ula
disagreement n. 1 dierence in
opinion: pagkakaib
a ng palag
ay,
di-pagka
ayos, 2 misunderstanding:
di-pagkakaunaw
aan,
dipagkakaintindihan, 3 quarrel: alitan,
pagtat
alo 4 unlikeness: pagkakaib
a,
dipagkakap
aris, dipagkakat
ulad
disappoint v. 1 to fail to satisfy ones wish, hope, etc.: hindi
makasiy
a (masiyah
an) 2 to fail
one in his expectations: bumig
o,
mabig
o, biguin
disapproval n. having or expressing an opinion or feeling against:
pagt
utol, pagsalung
at, di-pagsangayon

discharge v. 1 to dismiss from

oce: magtiwal
ag, mag-alis (maalis,

alisin) sa tungk
ulin, magpatalsik,
patalsikin, magsis
ante, sisantehin 2
to re o: magpaput
ok, paputukin
3 to release, to free: magpal
aya,
palay
ain, magpakawal
a, pakawal
an
4 to discharge a patient, to send out

discipline
of hospital: magpalab
as (palabasin)

sa ospit
al, magpauwi, pauwiin 5 to
unload cargo from a ship, truck, etc.:
magbab
a, ibab
a, mag-ibis, iibis,
magdiskarg
a, diskargahin, idiskarg
a
6 to perform (a duty): tummup
ad,
tuparin 7 to perform (a role):
guman
ap, gumamp
an, gampan
an
n. 1 unloading: pagdidiskarg
a, pagbabab
a ng karg
a, pag-iibis 2 ring
o a gun: pagpapaput
ok 3 a blast:
put
ok 4 letting go, release as from a
as
hospital: pagpapauwi, pagpapalab
sa ospit
al 5 performing of a duty:
pagtup
ad (paggan
ap, paggamp
an) ng
tungk
ulin
discipline n. 1 order and obedience:
disiplina 2 punishment: par
usa v.
1 to punish: magpar
usa, parus
ahan
2 to bring under control: sum
upil,
supilin, mas
upil
discomfort n. lack of comfort, hardship: hirap, kahir
apan, paghihirap,
hil
ahil, pagkahil
ahil, balisa, pagkabalisa
disconnect v. 1 to remove: mag-alis,
alisin 2 to unfasten: magtangg
al,
tanggalin,
magkal
ag,
kumal
ag,
kalagin 3 to separate: maghiwal
ay,
ihiwal
ay, paghiwalayin
discontinue v. to stop, to give up:
tumigil, itigil, tigilan, humint
o,
ihint
o, hintu
an
discount n. amount taken o from
a certain price: b
awas, t
awad,
diskuwento v. 1 to take o a certain amount from a price: magb
awas,
baw
asan, magdiskuw
ento, diskuwentuh
an 2 to allow for exaggeration
in, not to believe all: hindi lub
os
na maniw
ala, hindi paniwal
aan o
pahalagah
an
discourteous adj. not polite, rude:
wal
ang g
alang, bast
os
discover v. to nd out, to see or
learn of for the rst time: tumukl
as,
makatukl
as,
tuklasin,
matuklas
an, dumiskubre, makadiskubr
e,
diskubrihin

37

disorderly
discussion n. 1 arguing for and
against: pagtat
alo 2 considering from
various points of view: pagtal
akay
disgrace n. anything that causes
shame: kahihiy
an v. 1 to bring
shame upon: magd
ulot (dul
utan)
ng kahihiy
an, manghiy
a, hiyain
2 to be put to shame: mapahiy
a,
malag
ay (ilag
ay) sa kahihiy
an 3
to lose ones honor (relative to a
woman): mapariw
ara ang p
uri,
mapug
ayan ng p
uri
dishonest adj. 1 not honest, not
sincere: hindi tap
at 2 untrustworthy: hindi mapagkakatiwal
aan
3 dishonest in business transactions: manlol
oko, magdar
aya,
v. 1 to be dishonest means to lie:
magsinungaling, magbul
aan 2 to
cheat: magd
aya, mand
aya, day
ain,
manlinl
ang, linlangin
disloyal adj. 1 faithless, not loyal:
di tap
at 2 traitorous: taksil, trayd
or
dismantle v. 1 to strip of furniture,
defenses or equipment: mag-alis
(alis
an) ng kasangk
apan o sand
ata
2 to take apart: magtangg
al-tangg
al,
pagtangg
al-tanggalin,
magkal
as,
kalasin, paghiw
a-hiwalayin
dismiss v. 1 to send away: magpaalis, paalisin 2 to send home:
magpauwi, pauwiin 3 to send out:
magpalab
as, palabasin 4 to remove
from oce or work: magpaalis,
paalisin,
magtiwal
ag,
itiwal
ag,
magpal
ayas, palay
asin 5 to refuse
to consider a complaint, plea, etc.
in a court: magpawal
ang-says
ay,
pawal
ang-saysayin
disorder n. 1 lack of order:
kawal
ang-
ayos, kagul
uhan 2 tumult,
riot: gul
o, pagkakagul
o 3 an illness:
karamd
aman, sakit, diperensiya 4 to
create disorder or trouble: lumikh
a
(gumaw
a) ng gul
o, manggul
o adj.
to be in disorder: magul
o
disorderly adj. 1 untidy, confused:
magul
o, wal
ang kaayus
an, hindi
(di-) ma
ayos 2 causing disorder:

disown
magul
o, manggugul
o, mapanggul
o
disown v. to cast o, to refuse to
recognize as ones own: magtakwil,
itakwil, magtatuw
a, itatuw
a
dispatch v. 1 to send o to some
place for some purpose: mags
ugo,
sum
ugo, magpas
ugo, sug
uin 2 to
kill: pumat
ay, patayin 3 to nish:
tum
apos, tap
usin n. 1 a dispatching: pagpapadal
a, pagpapahatid 2 a
written message sent with speed:
pahatid, balita
disrespectful adj.
showing
no
respect, reverence or courtesy,
rude: wal
ang pit
agan, wal
ang
g
alang, wal
ang pakund
angan, bast
os,
lapast
angan
distinct adj. 1 not the same: ib
a
2 dierent in quality or kind:
di-ka
uri, di-magka
uri 3 clear,
easily seen, heard or understood:
malinaw, maliw
anag 4 standing
apart by itself: t
angi, natat
angi,
namumuk
od, buk
od-t
angi, naiib
a
distort v. 1 to pull or twist out of
shape: pilipitin ang p
orma (
ayos) 2
to change from the truth: pumilipit,
pilipitin, bumaligt
ad, baligtarin 3 to
make ugly: magpap
angit, papangitin,
magpasam
a, pasamain
distress n. 1 anxiety, trouble: pagaala
ala, pagkabah
ala, pagkabalisa,
pangangamb
a, pagkabag
abag 2 great
pain or sorrow: h
apis, pighati,
s
akit, d
usa, pagdur
usa 3 misfortune:
kasawiang-p
alad 4 a danger, a
dangerous
condition:
pang
anib,
kapanganiban,
mapang
anib
na
kalag
ayan, peligro 5 dicult situation: gipit (mahirap) na kalag
ayan,
kagipitan 6 to be in distress:
mah
apis, mamighati, magd
usa
disturb v. 1 to break in upon
with noise or change: bumul
abog,
bulab
ugin, bumul
ahaw, bulah
awin
2 to disquiet: gumamb
ala, gambal
ain, umab
ala, mang- ab
ala,
abal
ahin, mang-ist
orbo 3 to interfere:
makial
am,
pakialam
an,

38

doctor
gumal
aw, galawin, gumul
o, gu
luhin 4 to make uneasy: bumalisa,
mabalisa, balis
ahin, bumag
abag,
mabag
abag, bagab
agin
disturbance n.
1
confusion,
disorder: gul
o, kagul
uhan, pagkagul
o, pagkakagul
o 2 uneasiness,
worry: balisa, pagkabalisa, kabalis
ahan, bag
abag, pagkabag
abag,
di-pagkapalag
ay
diver n. one who dives: m
aninisid
diverse adj. dierent: naiib
a, ib
a,
kaib
a
diversion n. amusement, entertainment, pastime: aliwan, lib
angan,
palip
asan ng o
ras, dibersy
on
division n. 1 giving some to each,
sharing: paghah
ati, paghah
ati-h
ati,
pagbabah
agi, pagbabah
a-bah
agi, pagpaparte, pagpaparte-parte 2 a being
divided: pagkakah
ati, pagkakabah
abah
agi, pagkakaparte 3 the process
of dividing one number by another:
pagbabah
agi, pagh
ati, paghah
ati,
pagdidibisy
on 4 one of the parts into
which a thing is divided: dibisy
on,
pangk
at 5 disagreement: hidw
aan,
salung
atan, di-pagkakasund
o 6 dividing line: h
ati, pagitan, partisy
on
7 boundary: hangg
anan
divorce n. 1 legal ending of marriage: dib
orsiyo 2 separation:
paghihiwal
ay, pagkakahiwal
ay

v. 1 to get rid of by divorce:

makipagdib
orsiyo, magdib
orsiyo 2
to separate: paghiwalayin, ihiwal
ay
dizzy adj. 1 disposed to fall, stagger
or spin around: hil
o, nahihilo, l
ula,
nalul
ula, liyo, naliliyo 2 likely
to make dizzy, causing dizziness:
nakahihilo, nakaliliyo, nakalul
ula 3
to be or feel dizzy: mahilo, maliyo,
mal
ula 4 to make dizzy: makahilo,
ikahilo, hil
uhin, makal
ula, ikal
ula,
lul
ain
do v. 1 to perform, to make: gumaw
a, gawin, tumup
ad, tuparin 2
to arrange : ay
usin
doctor n. 1 medical doctor: dokt
or,

dodge
manggag
amot, m
ediko 2 a person
who has received one of the highest
degrees given by a university: dokt
or
dodge v. 1 to move quickly to
one side: umigt
ad, igtar
an, bigl
ang
umilag, il
agan 2 to avoid or evade:
umiwas, iw
asan n. 1 a trick to
cheat or deceive: d
aya, linl
ang,
lansi 2 a sudden movement to one
side: bigl
ang ilag (pag- ilag), igt
ad
dog n.
aso v. to follow like a dog:
bumunt
ut-bunt
ot, bunt
ut-buntut
an,
sumun
ud-sun
od, sund
an-sund
an
dogma n. a belief taught as true,
especially by authority of a church:
doktrina, d
ogma, a
ral (t
uro) ng
is
ang iglesya
doll n. a toy baby for a child:
manika, manyika
dollar n. d
olar, doly
ar
dominant adj. 1 rising high above
its surroundings: nangingib
abaw,
pinakamata
as 2 ruling, governing:
nakapangyay
ari, makapangyarihan,

nakapananaig 3 inuential: nakapamamay

ani 4 principal: pangun
ahin
domineering adj. 1 inclined to
domineer: dumin
ante, mapandumin
a, mapaghari-harian 2 arrogant:
mapagmata
as, pal
alo
dont v. 1 do not: huw
ag 2 in
some senses of negation, dont is
expressed by:
ayaw, hindi b
awal
door n. pint
o
doorkeeper n. portero, bant
aypint
o
doorway n. an opening in the wall
where a door is: pint
uan
dormitory n. a building containing
a large number of sleeping rooms:
dormit
oryo
double adj. 1 twice as great, as
large or as strong, etc.: ib
ayo, d
oble
2 two: dalaw
a 3 just like another:
kat
ulad, kapar
eho, 4 substitute:
panghalili, pamalit v. 1 to fold
over: magsus
on, pagsusunin 2 to
make twice as great: magd
oble,
doblihin, pagdoblihin, pag-ibay
uhin,

39

draw
ibay
uhin
doubt n. 1 an uncertain state of
aairs: alinl
angan, pag-aalinl
angan,
d
uda, pagdud
uda 2 apprehension:
pangamb
a v. 1 to feel uncertain,
not be sure of: mag-alinl
angan,
pag-alinlang
anan, ipag-alinl
angan,
magd
uda, pagdud
ahan 2 to be
apprehensive of, to fear in a mild
sense:
mangamb
a,
ipangamb
a,
mag-
agam-
agam, ipag-
agam-
agam
3 not to believe: hindi maniw
ala
(paniwal
aan), hindi sumampalat
aya
(sampalatay
anan)
4
to
hesitate: mag-atubili, pag-atubilih
an,
ipag-atubili, mag-
urong-s
ulong, pagu
rong-sul
ungan, ipag-
urong-s
ulong
dough n. 1 the mixture of our,
milk, etc. from which bread is made:
m
asa 2 money (slang): salapi,
kuw
arta, kuw
alta, pera
down adv. to a lower place: pabab
a,
paibab
a adj. sad: malungk
ot,
mataml
ay v. 1 to knock down:
magpatumb
a, patumbahin 2 to
overthrow:
magbags
ak,
ibags
ak,
pabagsakin 3 to go down, to sink:
lumub
og 4 to come down, descend:
bumab
a
downcast adj. 1 turned downward:
tung
o, nakatung
o, yuk
o, nakayuk
o,
nakabab
a 2 sad: malungk
ot, nalulungk
ot 3 dejected, discouraged:
sir
a ang lo
ob
downstairs adv. down the stairs:
pabab
a ng hagd
anan adj/adv. on
a lower oor: sa ibab
a
dozen n.
twelve:
labindalaw
a,
dosena
drama n. a play such as one sees in
a theater: dul
a, dr
ama
draw v. 1 to pull: humila, mahila,
hil
ahin, bum
atak, mab
atak, bat
akin,
hum
atak, mah
atak, hat
akin 2 to
attract: um
akit, ma
akit, akitin,
kum
ayag, mak
ayag, kay
agin 3
to pull out: magb
unot, bum
unot,
bun
utin, dum
ukot, duk
utin 4 to take
out or get, as water from a well or

drawback
jar: sum
alok, sal
ukin 5 to take out:
maglab
as, ilab
as 6 to sketch with
a pencil or ink: gum
uhit, ig
uhit,
magdr
owing, idr
owing 7 to prepare
or do by writing: gumaw
a, maghand
a 8 to tie in a game: magp
atas,
pum
atas, magtabl
a, tumabl
a 9 to
draw a prize: magkagantimp
ala,
magkapr
emyo 10 to draw lots: magpalabunut
an n. 1 the pulling out
of a weapon: pagb
unot, pagh
ugot,
pagd
ukot 2 a tie in a game: p
atas,
tabl
a
drawback n. 1 anything that
checks or hinders progress, success,
enjoyment, etc.: balakid, sag
abal,
sagwil, hadl
ang 2 a disadvantange:
disbent
aha
drawer n. a box with handles to
slide in and out of a table, etc.:
kah
on (ng mesa, etc.)
drawing n. 1 picture made with
pencil, pen, etc.: dr
owing, dib
uho,
g
uhit, lar
awang-g
uhit 2 a sketch:
kr
okis 3 design: disenyo, dib
uho 4
the act of drawing: pagdr
owing, pagdodr
owing, pagg
uhit (ng lar
awan)
dread v. to fear (greatly): mat
akot,
katak
utan,
masind
ak,
kasindak
an n. fear: hilakb
ot, sind
ak,
pagkasind
ak, t
akot, pagkat
akot
adj. dreadful, dreaded: nakatat
akot,
nakakikil
abot,
kakil
akil
abot,
nakasisind
ak,
kasind
ak-sind
ak,
nakapanghihilakb
ot,
dream n. 1 something thought, felt
or seen in sleep: panaginip, pang
arap
2 something like a dream: pang
arap
v. 1 to dream: mang
arap, mapang
arap, pangar
apin, managinip,
mapanaginip, mapanagimp
an 2 to
assume mistakenly: mag-ak
ala,
akal
ain 3 to daydream: mang
arap
(managinip) nang gising
dregs n. 1 solid bits of matter that
settle at the bottom of a liquid:
l
atak, tining 2 anything worthless or
t only to be thrown away: pan
apon,
bas
ura

40

drive
drenched adj. thoroughly wet:
bas
ang-bas
a, pigt
ang-pigt
a, tigm
ak
na tigm
ak (ng dug
o)
dress n. 1 a womans outer garment: bestido, b
aro, damit 2
evening dress: damit-pansay
aw,
damit-panggabi 3 a house dress:
damit-pamb
ahay 4 a funeral dress:
damit-pamb
urol, pamb
urol 5 clothing, especially outer clothing: damit,
pananamit v. 1 to put clothes
on: magbihis, bihisan, magdamit,
damt
an 2 to dress up: gumay
ak,
gayak
an, magbihis, bihisan
dresser n. 1 a chest or set of drawers
with a mirror: tokad
or 2 wardrobe:
aparad
or
dressmaker n. one who sews
dresses:
manan
ahi,
modista,
kostur
era
dried adj. 1 not wet, not moist,
dried-up, having no water: tuy
o
2 dried sh: tuy
o, isd
ang tuy
o 3
dried meat: t
apa, pind
ang
drink v. 1 to swallow anything
liquid: umin
om, inumin 2 to sip,
to suck up: sumipsip, sipsipin 3
to gulp or drink in big mouthfuls:
tumungg
a, tunggain 4 to drink
greedily: lumakl
ak, laklakin 5 to
drink alcoholic beverages: umin
om
ng
alak, in
uming a
lak, tumungg
a
n. 1 beverage, soft drink: in
umin,
pampalamig na in
umin 2 alcoholic
liquor:
alak
drip v. to fall in drops: pumat
ak,
pumat
ak-pat
ak, tum
ulo, tum
ulut
ulo n. falling in drops: pagt
ulo,
pagpat
ak-pat
ak
drive v. 1 to drive a car, etc.: magmaneho, maneh
uhin, magpatakb
o,
patakbuhin 2 to drive away a person:
magpal
ayas, palay
asin 3 to drive
away animals: magtab
oy, itab
oy
4 to drive away insects, birds,
fowls, etc.: bum
ugaw, bug
awin 5 to
conduct someone in an automobile:
maghatid sa a
wto 6 to go for a
drive in an automobile: mamasy
al

driver
nang naka
awto 7 to be driven by
current or wind: mapadp
ad, ipadp
ad,
matang
ay, tangayin n. 1 a trip
in an automobile: pasy
al sa a
wto
2 vigor, energy: lak
as, puw
ersa
3 act of driving: pagmaman
eho,
pangungutsero
driver n. 1 driver of a horsedrawn
vehicle: kutsero 2 driver of a motor
vehicle: tsup
er
drizzle n. a light rain: amb
on
v. to rain gently in small drops:
umamb
on, umamb
un-amb
on
drop n. 1 a small amount of liquid in a round shape: pat
ak 2 a
small amount: kaunti 3 a fall in
drops: t
ulo, pagt
ulo, pat
ak, pagpat
ak 4 a sudden fall: pagkah
ulog,
pagkabags
ak, pagkalagp
ak
5 a
lowering of price: pagbab
a ng halag
a v. 1 to let fall: maglagl
ag,
ilagl
ag,
magbags
ak,
mabags
ak,
ibags
ak,
pabagsakin,
mah
ulog,
ih
ulog, bitiwan, mabitiwan, ibab
a
2 to make lower: magbab
a, ibab
a,
pababain 3 to soften or weaken:
magpahina, hin
aan, pahin
ain 4 to
go lower: bumab
a 5 to cause to
fall: pabagsakin, ibags
ak 6 to fall
in drops: tum
ulo, tum
ulu-t
ulo,
pumat
ak, pumat
ak-pat
ak 7 to take
a sudden fall: mah
ulog, bumags
ak,
lumagp
ak
drought n. 1 a long period of dry
weather: tagtuy
ot, tagbisi 2 lack of
rain: kakulang
an sa ul
an, kawal
an ng
ul
an
drown v. 1 to die under water:
mal
unod 2 to kill by keeping under
water: lun
urin
drowse v. to be dull and sleepy:
mag-ant
ok, antukin
drug n. medicine in general: gam
ot
v. to give drugs to, esp. drugs
that cause sleep: bigy
an ng gam
ot
na pampat
ulog
drum n. 1 a musical instrument:
tamb
ol 2 a drum-shaped container:
dram, bariles v. 1 to play the

41

duet
drum: magtamb
ol, tambulin 2 to
beat, to tap or strike again and
again: kalampagin 3 to teach or
drive into ones head by repeating
over and over: magt
uro (it
uro)
nang pa
ulit-
ulit
drunk adj. 1 overcome by alcoholic
liquor: lasing, lang
o 2 to get drunk
accidentally: malasing, malang
o
dry adj. 1 not wet: tuy
o 2 having
no water: wal
ang t
ubig, tuy
o 3
lacking interest, lifeless: wal
ang
sigl
a, wal
ang kasigl
a-sigl
a, tuy
ot,
mataml
ay, pat
ay na pat
ay, hindi
masay
a 4 thirsty, wanting a drink:
uh
aw, nauuh
aw, uh
aw na uh
aw 5
not giving milk: wal
ang g
atas 6
lacking moisture, as land: tig
ang
v. 1 to become or make dry:
matuy
o, magpatuy
o, patuyuin 2 to
dry by wiping with a handkerchief,
cloth, etc.: magp
unas, pun
asan 3
to dry by exposing to the sun:
magbil
ad, ibil
ad 4 to dry by the
heat of the re: magdar
ang, idar
ang
dual adj. of two, showing two:
dalaw
a, d
oble
dubious adj. 1 doubtful: nakapagaalinl
angan,
di
ga
anong
mapaniniwal
aan, nakapagdud
uda 2 of
questionable character, probably
bad: kahin
a-hin
ala
duck n. 1 a swimming bird: p
ato,
bibi, bibe, itik 2 a sudden lowering
of the head or bending of the
body: bigl
ang uk
o (yuk
o), bigl
ang
pag-uk
o 3 a quick plunge under
water: bigl
ang lubl
ob (lub
og) v.
1 to lower the head or bend the
body quickly to keep o a blow:
yumuk
ong (mayuku
ang) bigl
a 2
to dodge: umilag, il
agan, umiwas,
iw
asan 3 to plunge or dip the head
or the whole body under water
and come up quickly: maglub
og
(maglubl
ob) na bigl
a ng u
lo o
kataw
an, ilub
og na bigl
a ang u
lo
o kataw
an 4 to dunk: magsaws
aw,
isaws
aw, maglub
og, ilub
og

dugout
duet n. two singers, two voices, two
players performing together: dueto,
duweto, dalaw
ahang tinig
dugout n. rough shelter formed by
digging: kublihang h
ukay (lung
a)
duke n. a nobleman ranking below a
prince: d
uke
dull adj. 1 not sharp or pointed:
mapur
ol, pulp
ol, pang
al 2 not
intense (for pain, etc): di-matindi,
bahagy
a 3 slow in understanding:
mapur
ol (mahina) ang u
lo 4 stupid:
tang
a, ung
as, b
obo/a 5 not bright
or clear: mal
abo, malaml
am 6
cloudy: kulimlim, ma
ulap 7 not
shiny: di-makint
ab 8 not interesting,
boring: nakayayam
ot, nakababag
ot,
nakaiinip, nakaaant
ok, nakapagaant
ok 9 not active (in business):
mahina, mat
umal v. to make
blunt: magpapur
ol, makapagpapur
ol,
papurulin, makapulp
ol, pulpulin
dumb adj. 1 not able to speak: pipi,
di-nakapagsasalit
a 2 stupid, dull:
tang
a, g
ago/a, gungg
ong, hang
al 3
silent, not speaking: umid, wal
ang
salit
a, wal
ang imik
dump v. to empty out, to throw
down: magtamb
ak, itamb
ak, magbunt
on, ibunt
on n. a place
for throwing rubbish: basurah
an,
tamb
akan ng bas
ura
duplicate adj. exactly like something else, corresponding to something else: duplik
ado, magkat
ulad,
magkap
aris, magkapar
eho n. 1
one of two things exactly alike:
kapareho 2 a copy: k
opya v. 1 to
make an exact copy of: kum
opya,
kopyahin 2 to double, to make
two of: dalawahin, doblehin 3 to
repeat exactly, to imitate: tum
ulad,
tul
aran, pum
aris, parisan, gum
aya,
gay
ahin
durable adj. lasting a long time:
matibay, pangmatag
alan
dust n. ne, dry earth: alikab
ok,
gab
ok v. to brush or wipe away
dust: magpasp
as, paspas
an, mag-

42

ear
palis, palis
an, magp
unas, pun
asan
duty n. 1 the right thing a person
ought to do: tungk
ulin 2 the things
one has to do in a certain position:
katungk
ulan, trab
aho, gaw
ain 3 tax:
buwis 4 customs duty, tax for bringing articles in the country: b
ayad sa
adw
ana, buwis sa angk
at
dwarf n. 1 a person much below the
usual size: un
ano, bulilit, 2 in fairy
tales, an ugly little man with magic
powers: duwende
dwell v. to live, to make ones home:
tum
ahan, tah
anan, tumir
a, tirah
an,
manir
ahan
dye v. to color or stain by dipping
into water containing coloring
matter: magtina, tin
ain, magkol
or,
kolor
an, magk
ulay, kul
ayan n. dye
material: tina, pantina, panina,
kol
or, pangol
or, pang
ulay
dying adj. 1 about to die, ceasing to
live: naghihingal
o, nag-a
agaw-b
uhay
2 coming to an end: nagtatap
os, nagwawak
as
dynamite n. explosive used in
blasting rocks: dinamita v. to
blow up with dynamite: madinamita, dinamit
ahin, pasab
ugan ng
dinamita
dynasty n. series of rulers who belong to the same family: dinastiya
dysentery n. disease of the intestines: disentery
a, iti, pag-iiti

E
each pron/adj. b
awat is
a
eager adj. wanting very much,
longing: sabik, sabik na sabik, ibig
na ibig, gust
ung-gust
o
eagle n. a large bird:
agila, b
anoy
ear n. 1 the organ of hearing: tainga
2 an ear of corn: p
uso ng mais 3
play by ear: oido 4 to give ear, to
listen to: makinig, pakingg
an 5 to be
all ears, to listen eagerly: makinig na
mab
uti

early
early adv. in good time: ma
aga
adj. 1 sooner than is usual or
necessary: ma
aga 2 rst in a series:
u
na
earth n. 1 the world: mund
o,
daigdig, l
upa, sangkalupa
an 2 soil:
l
upa
earthquake n. a shaking or sliding
of the ground: lind
ol
easel n. a support for a picture: kabalyete
east n. 1 the direction of the sunrise: sil
angan 2 Orient: sil
angan,
silang
anan, Oryente 3 Far East:
D
ulong Sil
angan 4 Middle East:
Gitn
ang Sil
angan
Easter n. the feast of Easter: muling
pagkab
uhay, pask
o ng pagkab
uhay,
lingg
o ng pagkab
uhay
easy adj. 1 not involving great difculty: maga
an, madali, maluw
ag,
malu
ag 2 comfortable: maginh
awa
eat v. to chew and swallow food:
kum
ain, k
anin (kainin)
eavesdrop v. to listen secretly to
what is supposed to be private:
lihim na makinig (sa us
apan)
eclipse n. passing from sight because light is cut o: paglal
aho,
eklipse
economical adj.
not
wasteful,
not extravagant: matipid, hindi
mag
astos
economy n. 1 thrift: pagtitipid,
katipir
an 2 thrift and careful
management:
pag-aarimuh
unan,
pag-iikonomiy
a,
pag-iikonomiya
3 a system by which anything is
managed or operated: pamamal
akad
na pangkabuh
ayan, kabuh
ayan
edge n. 1 the thin, sharp side that
cuts: talim 2 the side: gilid 3 the
brink: bingit, gilid 4 margin: tabi,
bayb
ay 5 any terminating border:
gilid, hangg
anan v. 1 to advance
by repeated slight movements: gumitgit, makagitgit, makipaggitgitan
2 to move something little by little:
mag-
usod (u
usod, paus
urin) nang

43

election
unti-unti
educate v. 1 to teach: magt
uro,
tur
uan 2 to send to school, to have
one taught: magpa
aral, papag-ar
alin,
paar
alin, magpat
uro, patur
uan
education n. 1 the knowledge and
abilities gained through training:
karun
ungan, pinag-ar
alan, napagar
alan, edukasy
on 2 the act or
process of educating or training:
pagtut
uro
eel n. long, slippery sh shaped like
a snake: igat, pal
os, balila
eective adj. producing an eect:
mabisa
egg n. 1 itl
og 2 an unfertilized egg:
bug
ok 3 a duck egg with developed
embryo and cooked: bal
ot
eggplant n. a kind of vegetable:
tal
ong
eight n/adj. wal
o, o
tso
eighteen n/adj.
labing
wal
o,
disi
otso
eighth n/adj. ikawal
o, pangwal
o, adisi
otso
eighty n/adj. otsenta, walump
u
either adj/pron. one or the other
of two: alinm
an, alinm
an sa dalaw
a,
maski alin, k
ahit alin, sin
uman,
sin
uman sa dalaw
a, maski sino
elaborate v. to give added details:
ipaliw
anag na mab
uti, magdagd
ag
ng mga paliw
anag, magpalinaw
adj. having many details: detaly
ado,
madet
alye
elastic n. a rubber band or tape:
l
astiko adj. 1 that can be
stretched and then return to its
own shape: el
astiko, nabab
anat 2
changeable, changing easily, exible:
pab
agu-b
ago, sun
ud-sun
uran
elbow n. the joint between the
upper and lower arm: siko v. 1
to push with the elbow: maniko,
sumiko, sik
uhin 2 to jostle, hustle:
gumitgit
elder adj.
older:
matand
a,
nakatatand
a, nakagug
ulang
eldest adj. oldest: pinakamatand
a

electrician
election n. choosing to vote:
hal
alan, eleksiy
on
electrician n. person who repairs or
installs electric wiring: elektrisista
electricity n. 1 elektrisid
ad 2 electric current: koryente
elegant adj. showing good taste,
rened: makisig, mabikas, magilas,
maring
al, eleg
ante
element n. 1 one of the parts of
which anything is made up: bah
agi,
elemento, sangk
ap 2 a simple
or necessary part: pangun
ahing
sangk
ap
elephant n. the largest four-footed
animal now living: elep
ante
elevation n. 1 raised place, high
place: kataas
an 2 height above the
earths surface: ta
as 3 height above
the sea level: ang ta
as sa kapantay
an
ng d
agat 4 the act of elevating:
pagtata
as, pagkakata
as
elevator n. a lift: elebeytor
eleven n.
onse, labing-is
a
elope v. 1 to run away with a lover:
magt
anan, tum
anan, it
anan 2 to run
away, escape: tum
akas, lum
ayas
emancipated v. 1 to set free from
slavery of any kind, to release: magpal
aya, palay
ain 2 to redeem: tumub
os, tubusin
embarrass v.
to
make
selfconscious:
mapahiy
a, humiy
a,
hiyain
embezzle v. to steal money entrusted to ones care: dumisp
alko,
disp
alkuhin
emblem n. a symbol, sign of an idea:
sagisag, simbulo
embrace v. to fold in the arms
to show love: yum
akap, yak
apin,
yumap
os, yapusin
embroider v. to ornament with
stitches: magburd
a, burdah
an
embryo n. an animal or plant in
the early stages of its development:
similya, bilig, binhi
emerge v. 1 to come out: lumab
as
2 to come into view: lumit
aw 3 to

44

encounter
come up: sumulp
ot, sumip
ot
eminent adj. 1 high in rank:
mata
as 2 great, celebrated: dakila
3 famous: tany
ag, bant
og, bans
ag,
sik
at
emotion n. strong feeling of any
kind: damd
amin
emphasis n. stress, importance:
pagpapahalag
a, diin
emphasize v. to make emphatic:
magbig
ay diin, bigy
ang diin
employee n. person who works for
some person or rm: empley
ado/a,
kaw
ani, namamas
ukan
employer n. person who employs
others: ang pinaglilingkur
an, ang
may patrab
aho, a
mo
empty adj. 1 with nothing in it:
wal
ang lam
an, basy
o, bak
ante,
hindi okup
ado 2 hungry: gut
om
3 meaningless: wal
ang kasays
ayan
(says
ay, kabuluh
an, katutur
an) v.
1 to pour out or take out all that
is in a thing: mag-alis ng lah
at ng
lam
an, alising lah
at ang lam
an 2 to
become empty: mawal
an ng lam
an
3 to drink all the contents of a
bottle, glass, etc.: ub
usin ang lam
an
emulate v. to try to equal or excel:
tum
ulad, tul
aran, pum
aris, parisan,
gum
aya, gay
ahin
enact v. 1 to make law: gumaw
a ng
bat
as 2 to act out, to play: guman
ap,
ganapin
enchant v. 1 to put under a spell:
gumay
uma, magay
uma, gayum
ahin,
marah
uyo, rahuy
uin, rumah
uyo
2 to delight, fascinate or attract
greatly:
bumal
ani,
balanihin,
um
akit, ma
akit
enclose, inclose v. 1 to shut in
on all sides: kulungin, paligiran,
palib
utan 2 to fence in: magb
akod,
bak
uran 3 to put in an envelope
along with a letter: maglakip, ilakip,
lakipan, lakp
an
encounter v. to meet especially
when unexpected: magkasag
upa,
masag
upa, makasag
upa, magkatagp
o,

encourage
makatagp
o,
magkasal
ubong,
makasal
ubong, masal
ubong n.
1 a battle: sagupa
an, laban
an 2
unexpected meeting: di-inaas
ahang
pagkikita
encourage v. 1 to give hope,
courage: magpasigl
a, magpalak
as
ng lo
ob 2 to urge on: humimok,
him
ukin
encyclopedia n. ensiklopedya
end n. 1 conclusion: t
apos, katapus
an, pagkat
apos, wak
as 2 extreme
or last part of anything: d
ulo,
duluh
an 3 death: kamat
ayan, pagkamat
ay 4 destruction: pagkaw
asak
v. 1 to nish: tum
apos, tap
usin,
magwak
as, wakas
an 2 to come to its
end: mat
apos, magtap
os, magwak
as
endless adj. 1 having no end:
wal
ang katapus
an, wal
ang hangg
an
2 lasting, never stopping: wal
ang
tigil, wal
ang hint
o, pat
uloy
endure v. 1 to last, to keep on:
tumag
al, makatag
al 2 to remain:
manatili 3 to be able to undergo,
withstand, or bear: makapagtiis,
makatiis, mapagtiis
an
enema n. 1 injection of liquid
into the rectum to ush the bowels: labatiba 2 to give an enema:
maglabatiba, labatib
ahin
enemy n. adversary, foe: ka
away,
kal
aban, kab
aka
energy n. 1 vigor: sigl
a, sig
asig,
sipag 2 power to work or act, force:
lak
as, kakayah
an
engine n. 1 machine: m
akina 2 motor: lokomot
ora
engineer n. 1 one who plans
and
builds
machines,
roads,
bridges, etc.: inhinyero 2 one who
takes care of or runs an engine:
makinista v. 1 to manage, to
lead: mamatn
ugot, pamatnug
utan,
mamah
ala, pamahal
aan 2 to plan,
to shape: bumalangk
as, balangkasin,
magb
alak, bal
akin
England n. Inglatera
English n. 1 the people of England,

45

entire
their language: ang mga Ingles 2
to speak in English to (someone):
mag-Inggles, mag-Ingles, Ingglisin,
Inglesin
enjoy v. to be happy with, to take
pleasure in: malug
od, ikalug
od,
matuw
a,
ikatuw
a,
masiyah
an,
ikasiy
a
enjoyable adj. giving joy: kasiy
asiy
a, masay
a, kalug
ud-lug
od
enormous adj. huge, immense:
lubh
ang malaki, napakalaki
enough adj. 1 as many or as much
as needed: hust
o, sap
at, t
ama 2
sucient: kain
aman, katamt
aman
adv. suciently: nang sap
at
enroll v. to enter ones name in a
register or roll: magpatal
a, ipatal
a
magpalist
a, ipalist
a
entangle v. 1 to get mixed
and
caught:
magkasabid-sabid,
magkasal
a-salabid,
magkabuh
olbuh
ol 2 to be involved, to get
into diculty: masangk
ot, mapasangk
ot 3 to get someone
involved: magsangk
ot, isangk
ot
enter v. 1 to go or come into:
pum
asok, pas
ukin 2 to cause to enter: magp
asok, ip
asok, papas
ukin 3
to join, to become a part or member
of: um
anib, sum
api 4 to participate: sum
ali, makis
ali, hum
alo,
makih
alo, lumah
ok, makilah
ok 5 to
record: magtal
a, ital
a
entertain v. 1 to interest, to
please, to make fun for: maglib
ang,
lumib
ang, makalib
ang, libangin,
mag-aliw, umaliw, makaaliw, aliwin
2 to keep in the mind: magsaisip,
isaisip 3 to consider or to take into
consideration:
magsa
alang-
alang,
isa
alang-
alang 4 to have as a guest:
magkapana
uhin, magkabisita 5 to
provide entertainment for guests:
umistim
a, istimahin
enthusiastic adj. full of enthusiasm, eagerly interested: interes
ado,
masig
asig, masigl
a, interes
adunginteres
ado

entirely
entire adj. whole, complete: bu
o,
entero
entirely adv. wholly, fully: lah
atan,
lah
at, gan
ap
entrance n. 1 act of entering:
pagp
asok 2 place by which to enter:
pasuk
an, pint
uan 3 freedom or
right of entering or mixing with:
karapat
an sa pagp
asok, karapat
ang
pum
asok (makih
alo)
entry n. 1 the act of entering:
pagp
asok 2 the act of taking part
in: paglah
ok, pags
ali 3 the place
by which to enter: da
an, pasuk
an,
pint
uan 4 thing written or printed
in a book, list, etc: tal
a, lam
an 5
person or thing that takes part in a
contest: lah
ok, kalah
ok, kas
ali
envelop v. to wrap, cover or hide:
magb
alot, bal
utin, mab
alot
envelope n. paper cover for a letter:
s
obre
envious adj. wishing to have
something which someone else
has: mainggitin, mapanaghiliin,
mapanaghili, panaghiliin
environment n.
surrounding
things, conditions, etc.: paligid,
kapaligir
an, paligid-ligid
epidemic n. rapid spreading of a
disease so that many people have it
at the same time: s
alot, peste
equal n. a person or thing equal
to another: kapant
ay, kapareho,
kasuk
at adj. on the same level,
etc.: pareho, magkapar
eho, pant
ay,
magkapant
ay v. to make or do
something equal to: pumant
ay,
pantay
an,
pumareho,
pum
atas,
pat
asan, magkapar
eho
equator n. an imaginary circle
around the middle of the earth:
ekwad
or
erase v. to rub out, to scrape out:
magbur
a, burahin, pumawi, pawiin
eraser n. pambur
a
error n. mistake: mali, kamalian,
pagkakamali
erudite adj. learned: mar
unong,

46

even
ma
alam
erupt v. to burst forth, to break out:
pumut
ok, sum
abog, bumug
a
escape v. 1 to get free from connement, as from prison: tum
akas,
makat
akas 2 to be able to get out
and away: makakawal
a, makaalp
as,
makal
aya 3 to elope: magt
anan,
lum
ayas 4 to be free or safe from:
maligt
as, makaligt
as 5 to avoid:
umiwas, iw
asan n. 1 act of
escaping (from prison): pagt
akas 2
escaping from a cage: pagkawal
a,
pag-alp
as 3 eloping: pagtat
anan,
pagl
ayas 4 avoiding: pag-iwas
especially adv. 1 particularly, principally: lal
o na 2 chiey: sady
a, talag
a
establish v. 1 to set up permanently, to found: magtat
ag, itat
ag,
magtat
ag, itat
ag, magtay
o, itay
o,
magpund
ar, ipund
ar 2 to bring
about permanently: magpamal
agi,
pamalagiin, magpanatili, panatiliin
3 to show beyond dispute, to
prove:
magpat
unay, patun
ayan,
magpatibay, patib
ayan
eternal adj. without beginning
or end: wal
ang hangg
an, wal
ang
katapus
an, wal
ang m
aliw, wal
ang
wak
as
evaporate v. 1 to turn into vapor:
suming
aw 2 to remove water from:
magpatuy
o, patuyuin, matuy
o,
magpasing
aw, pasingawin 3 to give
o moisture, aroma, etc.: suming
aw
4 to vanish, to disappear: mawal
a,
magl
aho
eve n. 1 the day before: bisper
as
2 evening: gani, dapith
apon, takipsilim
even adj. 1 level, at: p
atag,
pant
ay 2 equal, no more or
less than: pareho, magkapar
eho,
magkakapareho,
magkasind
ami,
magkakasind
ami 3 can be divided
by 2 without a remainder: p
ares
4 at the same level: kapant
ay,
kasimpant
ay, kasinta
as v. to make

evening
at or level: magpant
ay, pantayin,
magp
atag, pat
agin adv. 1 as used
in the phrases even though and
even if: k
ahit, k
ahit na, k
ahiman
2 even when, at the very time: no
on
pa man, k
ahit no
on pa man 3 even
so: k
ahit na, gay
on pa man, m
aski
na 4 to break even, neither to lose
nor to win: makatabl
a, makap
atas,
makapareho, di mat
alot di man
alo
5 to get even with, to take revenge:
gumanti, maghiganti
evening n. the time between day
and night: gabi adj. of, for or
relating to the evening: panggabi
every adj. 1 each one, all: b
awat,
b
awat is
a, lah
at 2 every now
and then, from time to time:
paminsan-minsan 3 every other:
tuwing ikalaw
a, tuwing makalaw
a
4 every day:
araw-
araw 5 every
week: lingg
u-lingg
o 6 every morning: tuwing um
aga 7 every time,
whenever: tuwi, sa tuwi-tuwina
everyone pron. 1 each one: b
awat
is
a 2 everybody: lah
at
everything n.
everything,
all
things: lah
at (ng b
agay)
exact v. 1 to demand the payment
of: sumingil, singilin 2 to demand
justice, punishment, etc.: magl
apat,
il
apat, lap
atan adj. without any error, correct, accurate: t
ama, wast
o,
hust
o, eks
akto, tump
ak
exalt v. 1 to make high in rank,
honor, power, character or quality:
magpata
as, pataasin, ita
as, ilag
ay
sa is
ang mata
as na kalag
ayan 2 to
praise, to honor: magp
uri, purihin,

dumakila, dakil
ain, magtamp
ok,
itamp
ok, parangal
an
exalted adj. dignied: marang
al,
mata
as, dakila
examination n. 1 examining, test:
iks
amen, pagsus
ulit, pags
ubok 2
looking at closely and carefully:
pagsus
uri, pagkakas
uri 3 investigation: pagsisiy
asat 4 examination
of ones conscience: pag-uusisa ng

47

exercise
konsiyensiya
examine v. 1 to look at closely and
carefully: sum
uri, suriin 2 to test,
to ask questions of: umiks
amen, iksaminin, sum
ulit, sulitin, sum
ubok,
sub
ukin 3 to investigate: magsiy
asat,
siyas
atin, magiks
amen, iksaminin,
mag-urirat, urir
atin 4 to look into
what someone has said: pag-ar
alan,
alamin
exasperate v. 1 to irritate, to annoy
greatly: mangyam
ot (-inis, buwisit),
yamutin, inisin, buwisitin 2 to
make angry: magpag
alit, pagalitin,
galitin adj. annoying, iritating:
nakakayam
ot (-inis, buwisit)
excavate v. to dig out, to uncover
by digging: maghuk
ay, hum
ukay,
huk
ayin
exceedingly adv. very greatly, to an
unusual degree: lubh
a
excellent adj. very, very good: napakagaling, napakah
usay, magaling
na magaling, mah
usay na mah
usay
except v. to leave out: huw
ag is
ama,
ihiwal
ay prep. leaving out, other
than: maliban sa, mat
angi sa, liban
sa puwera conj. 1 unless (not common): kung hindi, maliban 2 but:
kundi
excessive adj. too much, too great:
l
abis-l
abis, s
obra-s
obra, napakalaki
exchange v. to change, to give one
thing in return for another: magpalit,
ipagpalit n. 1 giving and taking:
palitan, pagpalitan 2 a place where
men trade: pamilihan, bilihan 3 in
exchange for: bilang kapalit
excrement n. waste matter expelled
from the body: t
ae, dumi
excuse n. 1 a reason that is
given: dahil
an, katwiran 2 apology:
paumanhin, pat
awad v. 1 to permit: magpahint
ulot, pahintul
utan,
pum
ayag, pay
agan 2 to make
excuses which are not genuine:
magdahil
an
exempt v. to make free from:
maglibre, ilibre, palibrehin

exhausted
exercise n. practice: paghehersisyo,
hersisyo, pagpapalak
as, pagpr
aktis
exhausted adj. 1 worn out, very
tired: pag
od na pag
od, pat
ang-pat
a,
malat
ang-malat
a, hap
ung-hap
o 2
used up: ub
os na ub
os, said na said
exhaustion n. 1 extreme fatigue:
kapag
uran,
pagkap
agod,
pagkakah
apo,
pagkap
ata,
panlalat
a 2 act of using up: pag-
ubos,
pagka
ubos, pagsaid, pagkasaid
exhibit v. 1 to show: magpakita,
ipakita 2 to show publicly: magtangh
al,
itangh
al,
magpalab
as,
ipalab
as n. 1 something shown to
the public: tangh
al 2 evidence (in
law), proof: katib
ayan, ebidensiya,
eksibit
exhibition n. 1 public show:
tangh
alan, iksibisy
on 2 showing:
pagtatangh
al,
pagpapakita,
pagpapam
alas, pagpapalab
as
exit n. 1 way out: lab
asan 2 act of
going out: paglab
as
expect v. to look for, to anticipate:
um
asa, as
ahan, umas
am, asamin,
mag-akal
a, akal
ain
expel v. 1 to put out: magpaalis,
paalisin, magtiwal
ag, itiwal
ag 2 to
drive out with much force: magbug
a,
ibug
a, maglab
as, ilab
as
expend v. 1 to spend: gum
ugol,
gug
ulin, gumast
a, gastahin 2 to use
up, to consume: um
ubos, ub
usin,
sumaid, sairin
expense n. 1 cost: g
astos, g
ugol
2 cause of spending: pinagkakagastah
an,
pinagkakagastus
an,
pinaggugug
ulan
expensive adj.
1
high-priced:
mah
al,
mamah
alin
2
costly:
mag
astos, mag
ugol
experience n. 1 what happens to
a person: karanas
an, ekspiryensiya,
pinagda
anan 2 practice: karanas
an,
kasan
ayan 3 knowledge: kaalam
an
v. 1 to feel, to have happen to one,
to undergo: magd
anas, dum
anas,
makar
anas, dan
asin 2 to learn from

48

expression
an unpleasant experience (caused
by the attitude of others): madal
a,
dalain
experienced adj. 1 taught by
experience: san
ay, bih
asa 2 skillful
or wise through experience: may
karanas
an
experiment n. a trial or test
to nd out something: pags
ubok,
eksperimento v. to try in order
to nd out: sum
ubok, sub
ukin,
mag-eksperimento, esperimentuhan
expert adj. having skill: san
ay,
eksperto, dalubh
asa n. a person who has skill or who knows
much about some special things:
dalubh
asa, eksp
erto
expire v. to come to an end:
mat
apos,
lumamp
as,
lumipas,
magwak
as
explain v. 1 to make plain: magpaliw
anag, ipaliw
anag, liwan
agin,
magpalinaw, ipalinaw 2 to explain by reasoning: mangatwiran,
pangatwir
anan
explode v. 1 to blow up: pumut
ok
2 to cause to explode: magpaput
ok,
paputukin 3 to burst and scatter:
sum
abog
expose v. 1 to disclose, reveal:
magbuny
ag, ibuny
ag, maghay
ag,
ihay
ag, magsiw
alat, isiw
alat 2
to lay open: maglant
ad, ilant
ad,
magtamb
ad, itamb
ad 3 to expose
to the sun: magbil
ad, ibil
ad 4 to
expose to heat or sun: magdar
ang,
magpainit 5 to expose to danger:
itay
a sa pang
anib, isapang
anib
express v. 1 to put into words:
magpah
ayag, ipah
ayag, mags
abi,
sabihin 2 to show by look, voice or
action: magpahiw
atig, ipahiw
atig,
magpakil
ala, ipakil
ala n. a quick
means of sending: ekspres adj. 1
quick: mabilis 2 clear and denite:
maliw
anag
expression n. 1 putting into words:
pagpapah
ayag 2 word or words used
as unit: pangung
usap, pananalit
a 3

exquisite
a common saying: kasabih
an 4 showing by look, voice or action: pagpapahiw
atig 5 a making known: pagpapakil
ala
exquisite adj. 1 very lovely, delicate, beautifully made: magand
angmagand
a, marikit, maril
ag 2 of
highest excellence: kat
angi-t
angi
exterior adj. the outside: lab
as n.
for use outside: panlab
as
exterminate v. to annihilate, to destroy completely: lumipol, malipol,
lip
ulin,
pumuks
a,
mamuks
a,
puksain
extra adj. beyond what is usual,
expected or needed: ekstra, dagd
ag,
karagd
agan, l
abis, kalabis
an n.
a person, newspaper, etc., that is
extra: ekstra
extravagant adj.
1
wasteful:
mapag-aksay
a, maaksay
a, bulags
ak
2 spending carelessly and lavishly: gastad
or (a), mapaggast
a,
mapagt
apon, mapaglust
ay
extremely adv. 1 much more than
usual: sakd
al, u
bod, l
abis 2 very:
lubh
a
extremity n. 1 the very end, the
tip: d
ulo, kadul
uhan, kadul
u-dul
uhan
2 extreme degree: sukd
ulan, kasukd
ulan 3 an extreme measure:
mabig
at na hakb
ang 4 a very great
danger or need: malaking pang
anib
o pangangail
angan, mahigpit na
pangangail
angan
eye n. 1 the organ of vision: mat
a 2
power of perception, sight: paningin
3 way of looking: tingin, paningin
v. 1 to watch, to observe: magmasid,
masd
an, pagmasd
an 2 to have a
smart, stinging pain in the eyes
caused by soap, etc., getting into
them: mahilam ang mat
a 3 languid
eyes, tender looking: mapup
ungay
na mga mat
a 4 big-eyed, wide-eyed:
malaki ang mat
a, madidilat ang
mat
a 5 to open the eyes wide:
dumilat, idilat 6 to close the eyes:
pumikit, ipikit 7 to open a persons

49

fair
eyes, to make him see what is really
happening: magpamat
a, ipamat
a,
im
ulat, ipam
ulat 8 to set eyes on, to
see: makakita, makita
eyebrow n. the line of hair above
the eye: kilay
eyeglasses n. 1 lens to aid poor vision: salamin (sa mat
a) 2 to wear or
use eyeglasses: magsalamin
eyelash n. hair at the end of the eyelid: pilikmat
a, pilik-mat
a
eyelid n. movable skin which covers
the eyeball: tal
ukap ng mat
a
eyewitness n. person who sees some
act or happening: saksi, testigo

F
fable n. 1 a story that is made up
to teach a lesson: p
abula, kuwentong
nagbibig
ay-
aral 2 a ctitious narrative or statement: kath
a-kath
a,
gaw
a-gaw
a 3 a legend: alam
at
fabric n. cloth: tela, k
ayo
face n. 1 the front part of the head:
mukh
a 2 look, expression: mukh
a
3 the dial: mukh
a 4 surface: bal
at,
ib
abaw v. 1 to front or turn toward:
humar
ap, harapin 2 to lose face, to
be put to shame or embarrassed: mapahiy
a
fact n. something known to be true:
katotoh
anan
factory n. pagaw
aan, p
abrika
fade v. to diasappear, to die away:
map
awi, mawal
a, mawal
a ng untiunti
fail v. 1 not to succeed: mabig
o,
hindi magtagump
ay 2 to fail in an
examination: lumagp
ak, malagp
ak,
bumags
ak, mabags
ak 3 to neglect
to do: magpab
aya, pabay
aan,
makaligt
a, kaligta
an
failure n. lack of success: pagkabig
o,
kabig
uan, pagkabags
ak
fair adj. 1 just: makatar
ungan 2
average: katamt
aman, kain
aman,
pangkaraniwan
3
light-colored:

fairy
maputi 4 clear, sunny, not stormy:
magand
a, mab
uti, mainam 5 beautiful: magand
a, marikit 6 without
favoritism: wal
ang kinikilingan
adj. without cheating: wal
ang d
aya,
malinis n. exposition: perya
fairy n. an imaginary tiny being in human form: engk
anto,
engkant
ada/o
faith n. 1 trust, believing without proof: tiw
ala, pagtitiw
ala,
panan
alig 2 religious belief in God
or in Gods promises: pananampalat
aya 3 religion: relihiy
on 4
being loyal: pagkamatap
at, pagiging
matap
at 5 to keep faith, to keep
ones promise: tumup
ad sa pang
ako,
tuparin ang pang
ako 6 in good
faith, without any bad intention: wal
ang masam
ang hang
arin
(lay
unin) 7 to have faith, to believe:
manampalat
aya,
sumampalat
aya,
sampalatay
anan, maniw
ala, paniwal
aan 8 to trust: magtiw
ala,
pagtiwal
aan 9 to rely: man
alig
faithful adj. 1 loyal, worthy of trust:
tap
at, matap
at 2 true to fact, accurate: tump
ak, t
ama, wast
o, toto
o
n. the faithful, true believers: ang
mga t
unay na mananampalat
aya
(sumasampalat
aya)
fake v. 1 to make up in order to
appear satisfactory, counterfeit:
manghuw
ad, humuw
ad, huwar
an,
manl
oko 2 to pretend: magkunw
a,
magkunwari adj. false, intended
to deceive: huw
ad, palsipik
ado
n. 1 fraud: d
aya, pagdar
aya,
panlilinl
ang, panlol
oko 2 a swindler:
mananans
o, malilinl
ang, manlol
oko, manggag
antso
fall v. 1 to drop down: mah
ulog 2
to drop o or from a place where
a thing was attached or resting:
malagl
ag, mah
ulog 3 to drop with
some noise or to crash: bumags
ak,
mabags
ak, lumagp
ak, malagp
ak 4 to
fall down as to collapse: mabuw
al,
matumb
a 5 to fall down at: mab-

50

far
ulagt
a 6 to fall head rst from a
height: mah
ulog nang patiwarik 7
to fall forward or face down: mapasub
asob, sumub
asob 8 to fall o, as
owers, hair, feathers: mal
agas 9 to
fall as of liquid: pumat
ak, tum
ulo
n. 1 dropping from a higher
place:
pagkah
ulog,
pagkalagl
ag,
pagkatumb
a, pagkabuw
al 2 falling
out of hair, feathers, owers, leaves:
panlulug
on, panlal
agas
false adj. 1 not correct, wrong:
mali, s
ala, hindi t
ama 2 not true:
hindi toto
o, wal
ang katotoh
anan 3
lying: sinung
aling, bul
aan, mad
aya
4 disloyal, deceitful: taksil, lilo 5 not
real, artical: hindi t
unay, artipisy
al 6 counterfeit: huw
ad n. used
in order to deceive: pand
aya, panlinl
ang v. to be false: mand
aya,
manl
oko, magsinungaling
fame n. state, fact or condition
of being well-known: kabantug
an,
katanyag
an, kabunyi
an
familiar adj. known to all: kilal
a
family n. 1 father, mother and their
children: pamilya, mag-
anak 2 children, ospring: mga an
ak 3 tribe,
race, clan, group of related people:
angk
an, lipi 4 group of related animals or plants: angk
an
famous adj. 1 very well known:
bant
og, kilal
ang-kilal
a, tany
ag 2
much talked about or written about:
tany
ag, balita, popul
ar
fan n. 1 a thing with which to stir
the air in order to cool: pamayp
ay,
abaniko 2 electric fan: bentilad
or 3
person extremely interested in baseball, movies, radio, etc.: apisyun
ado,
tagah
anga v. to stir the air:
magpayp
ay, paypay
an, mag-abaniko,
abanik
uhan, magbentilad
or
fanatic n. person who is carried
away beyond reason by his feelings
or beliefs: pan
atiko/a, bul
ag na
alag
ad o tagasun
od adj. zealous
beyond reason: pan
atiko/a
far adj. a long way, a long way o:

fare
mal
ayo, mal
ayung-mal
ayo adv. 1
much: higit, mas 2 a far cry from,
long way, a big dierence: malaking
kaibh
an, napakal
ayo
fare n. 1 the money that one pays
to ride in a train, car, bus, etc.:
pas
ahe, b
ayad (sa sasaky
an), u
pa,
plete 2 passenger: pasahero, sak
ay 3
food: pagk
ain
farewell interj. good-bye: pa
alam
na po, adiy
os po n. 1 saying
good-bye or parting: pagpapaal
am,
pamama
alam 2 parting: pahimak
as,
pamama
alam
farm n. land which a person uses
to raise crops or animals: b
ukid,
bukirin, sakah
an, lin
ang v. 1 to
raise crops: magb
ukid, mags
aka,
maghal
aman, magtanim 2 to raise
animals: maghay
upan, mag-al
aga
ng mga h
ayop 3 to farm out: ipas
aka
sa iba, magpaar
enda, ipaarenda
farmer n. magsasak
a
fashion n. mode, vogue: m
oda, u
so
v. to make, shape or form: hum
ugis,
hugisan
fast adj. 1 quick, rapid, swift:
mat
ulin, mabilis 2 showing time
ahead of the real time: adelant
ado
3 too gay or wild: magul
o 4 does
not fade (for colors): hindi kumuk
upas, wal
ang k
upas v. to go
without food, to eat very little:
mag-ay
uno, magkulasy
on n.
abstinence from food, partial or
total: ay
uno, pag-aay
uno, kulasy
on,
pagkukulasy
on
fastidious adj. hard to please:
maselan, delik
ado, pihikan
fat n. 1 a white or yellow oily substance formed in the body of animals: tab
a 2 lard: mantika adj.
1 having much esh: matab
a 2 having much fat: mamantika, matab
a
v. 1 to gain weight, to fatten: magpatab
a, patabain 2 to become fat:
tumab
a, maging matab
a
fatal adj. causing death: nakamamat
ay, ikinamamat
ay, nakakasawi,

51

favorite
nakasasawi
fate n. a power supposed to x
what is to happen: kapal
aran, p
alad,
tadh
ana, destino, suwerte
father n. 1 male parent: am
a 2 colloquial term used by children, etc.:
t
atay, it
ay, t
atang, 3 religious term:
p
adre, p
ari
father-in-law n. biyen
ang-lal
aki
fatherly adj. of a father: makaam
a
fatigue v. 1 to make weary or tired:
makap
agod, pag
urin, makah
apo,
hap
uin 2 to become fatigued:
map
agod, mah
apo n. 1 weariness:
p
agod,
kapag
uran,
pagkap
agod,
h
apo, pagkah
apo 2 mental fatigue:
pagkap
agod ng isip
faucet n. a device for controlling the
ow of water: gripo
fault n. 1 a mistake: mali, pagkakamali, kamalian 2 something that
is not as it should be: pagkuk
ulang
3 sin, misdeed or violation: s
ala,
kasal
anan, pagkakas
ala 4 defect:
sira, kasira
an, depekto 5 to nd
fault, to complain: magrekl
amo
6 to nd fault with, to object
to, to criticize: pumun
a, punahin,
pumint
as, mamint
as, pintas
an
favor n. 1 kindness, an act of
generosity:
kagand
ahang-lo
ob,
kabutihang-lo
ob, pab
or 2 help, big
help: t
ulong, malaking t
ulong 3 favoritism, bias: pagkampi, pagkiling,
pagp
anig, pagtat
angi 4 to do a
favor, to help: tum
ulong, tul
ungan
5 to ask a favor: humingi ng
t
ulong v. 1 to oblige: magpaunl
ak,
paunlak
an, magbig
ay, pagbigy
an
2 to give more than is fair to, to
take the side of someone: kumampi,
kampih
an,
kumiling,
kilingan,
pum
anig, panigan 3 to support,
esp. a prospect or candidacy:
tumangkilik, tangkilikin 4 to approve, to agree with: sumang-
ayon,
sang-ay
unan
favorite n/adj. 1 the one liked
very much: paborito/a, mah
al 2 the

fear
one liked best: pinakapaborito/a,
pinakamah
al,
pinakat
angi,
itinat
angi sa lah
at
fear n. a feeling which makes you
turn away or run from something,
fright: t
akot, pagkat
akot, pangamb
a,
sind
ak, pagkasind
ak v. to be
afraid: mat
akot, katak
utan, ikat
akot,
mangamb
a, ipangamb
a, masind
ak,
ikasind
ak
feather n. one of the plumes covering the body of a bird: balahibo
February n. Pebrero
fed up adj. tired of, disgusted, annoyed: suyang-suy
a, sawang-saw
a,
yam
ot na yam
ot
fee n. 1 charge, money paid for service: b
ayad, kabayar
an 2 membership fee: b
utaw, k
ota
feed v. 1 to give food: magpak
ain,
pak
anin 2 to feed chickens: magpatuk
a, patukain 3 to feed an
animal with fodder: magkump
ay,
kumpay
an n. animal food: pagk
ain,
patuk
a, kump
ay, pak
ain
feel v. 1 to touch: humipo, hip
uin
2 to try to nd by touching:
kumapk
ap,
kapkapin,
sumal
at,

salatin, kumap
a, kapain 3 to
look or grope for in the dark:
umap
uhap, apuh
apin, mag-ap
uhap
4 to be aware of: maramdam
an,
makaramd
am, madam
a, dumam
a,
damhin 5 to be aected by or hurt:
magdamd
am, damdamin, dibdibin,
umind
a, indahin 6 to experience:
magd
anas, dum
anas, dan
asin 7
to test: tumantiy
a, tantiyahin,
sum
ubok, sub
ukin n. feeling: hipo,
sal
at, damd
am, pakiramd
am
feeling n. 1 the sense of physical feeling or touch: pandamd
am
2 the act of touching: pagsal
at,
paghipo, pagdam
a 3 emotion,
sentiment: damd
amin 4 sensation,
physical or sensual: damd
am,
pakiramd
am 5 opinion: palag
ay,
opiny
on 6 presentiment, apprehension: guni-guni adj. 1 that

52

dgety
feels, sensitive: maramd
amin 2 to
show ones feelings: magpahalat
a
ng lin
oloob (ng nararamdam
an,
ng damd
amin), ipahalat
a ang
lin
oloob (ang nararamdam
an, ang
damd
amin) 3 to hide ones feelings: magkubli (maglihim) ng n
asa
sa lo
ob (ng nararamdam
an, ng
damd
amin), ikubli (ipaglihim) ang
n
asa sa lo
ob (ang nararamdam
an,
ang damd
amin), magkuy
om ng
damd
amin, kuyumin ang damd
amin
feet n. plural of foot: mga pa
a
fell v. to cut down atree: pum
utol,
put
ulin
female n/adj. a woman or girl:
bab
ae
feminine adj. of women or girls:
pambab
ae
fence n. something put around
a yard to keep out people or
animals: b
akod v. to put a fence
around: magb
akod, bak
uran to
fight with swords: mag-eskr
ima,
mag-esk
oda.
fern n. a kind of plant that does not
have owers: pak
o
fertilizer n. manure or any substance spread over the soil to make
it richer in plant foods: ab
ono,
patab
a, pampatab
a
fetch v. 1 to go and get: kum
uha,
ik
uha, k
unin 2 to go after and pick
up a person: sum
undo, sunduin,
kuma
on, kaunin 3 to fetch water
from a well: mag-igib, umigib,
sum
alok ng t
ubig
fever n. body temperature that is
greater than usual: lagn
at, sinat
few adj/n.
not
many:
il
an,
kakaunti, kaunti
ance(e) n. a man or woman
engaged to be married: n
obyo/a
ber n. thread, threadlike part: himaym
ay, hibl
a, hilats
a
ckle adj. changing, not constant:
salaw
ahan, pab
agu-b
ago
ction n. something made up:
likh
a, gaw
a-gaw
a, kath
a, katak
ata

eld
dgety adj.
restless,
uneasy:
hindi mapalag
ay, hindi mapakali,
ninenerbiyos
eld n. 1 land cleared for tilling:
lin
ang 2 land intended for farming:
b
ukid, bukirin 3 uncultivated land:
p
arang 4 area of specialization:
lar
angan
esta n. 1 religious festival: piyesta,
pist
a 2 festivity: pagdiriwang,
kasay
ahan
fteen n. kinse, labinlim
a
fty num. singkwenta, limamp
u
fty-fty adj. with equal shares:
tigkalah
ati, h
ati
ght v. 1 to contend with another:
lum
aban, magl
aban, makipagl
aban,
lab
anan, paglab
anan 2 to quarrel
or ght (either in words or action):
mag-
away,
makipag-
away,
pagaw
ayan 3 to ght one another with
the sts: magsunt
ukan 4 to eradicate: lumipol, lip
ulin, pumuks
a,
puksain n. 1 quarrel:
away,
away
an, bas
ag-
ulo, l
aban, laban
an
2 a war: digm
aan, gera, giyera 3
st ght: sunt
ukan 4 a struggle:
pagpupunyagi, pagpupumilit 5 a
contest: timpal
ak, paligs
ahan
gure n. 1 symbol for a number: n
umero, bilang 2 form or
shape: any
o, h
ugis, pig
ura 3 body:
kataw
an, pangangataw
an 4 person,
character: t
ao 5 price: halag
a,
presyo
gurehead n. person who is head in
name only: tau-ta
uhan, pant
alya
le n. 1 an instrument used by
carpenters: kikil 2 a row of persons
or things one behind another: pila,
hilera, h
anay 3 set of papers kept
in order: salans
an, talaks
an v. 1
to smoothen or sharpen with a le:
magkikil, kikilin 2 to keep in a row:
humilera, ihilera, pumila, ipila 3 to
set papers in order: magsalans
an,
isalans
an
ll v. 1 to make full: magpun
o,
pumun
o, punuin 2 to become full:

53

nger
mapun
o 3 to mix medicine according to a prescription: magtimpl
a,
timplahin 4 to put something into
a container: maglam
an, lamn
an,
magsilid, sidl
an, maglag
ay (lagy
an)
ng lam
an 5 to ll a form or blank:
sul
atan 6 to ll a tooth: magpast
a,
pastah
an 7 to put in (e.g. earth
in a hole): magt
abon, tab
unan,
magtamb
ak, tambak
an, magp
asak,
pas
akan
lling n. a thing put in to ll something: p
asta, palam
an, panlam
an
lm n. camera lm: pilm v.
to make a moving picture of:
isapelikula
lthy adj. 1 dirty, very dirty:
marumi, napakarumi 2 morally
dirty: malasw
a, mah
alay, masagw
a
3
physically
dirty:
sala
ula,
mad
ungis, mar
ungis, marumi
n n. a movable, winglike or fanlike
part of a sh: palayp
ay, palikpik
nd v. 1 to meet with: makita,
matagpu
an 2 to come upon accidentally: makap
ulot, map
ulot, makakita
3 to discover: tumukl
as, makatukl
as,
tuklasin, matuklas
an, madiskubr
e,
makadiskubr
e, diskubrihin 4 to
detect, to notice, to perceive:
makahalat
a, halatain, mal
aman
5 to nd by feeling or groping in
the dark: ma-ap
uhap, makap
a
n. something found or discovered:
tukl
as, ang natuklas
an
nding n. 1 the act of discovery:
pagkatukl
as 2 decision reached after
an examination: pasiy
a, kapasiyah
an
ne n. 1 a sum of money paid as
a penalty for not obeying the law:
mult
a 2 to pay a ne: magmult
a v.
to make one pay a ne: pagmultahin
adj. 1 thin, light: pino 2 very
good, excellent: napakainam, napakagaling, magand
a 3 very small:
napakaliit, napakapino 4 clear (as
weather): magand
ang (mainam na)
panah
on 5 good: mab
uti, magaling,
mah
usay 6 well (physically): mab
uti

nish
nger n. 1 daliri 2 index nger: hintutur
o 3 middle nger:
dat
o, hinlalat
o 4 ring nger:
palasingsingan 5 little nger:
kalingkingan 6 thumb: hinlalaki
v. to touch or handle with the
ngers: hip
uin, kamayin
nish v. 1 to bring to an end: magtap
os, tap
usin, magwak
as, wakas
an
2 to complete: may
ari, yariin,
mabu
o, buuin n. end: wak
as,
katapus
an
nished adj. 1 ended: tap
os, tap
os
na 2 completed: y
ari na, bu
u na,
ut
as na
re n. 1 the evolution of heat and
light: ap
oy 2 a destructive burning
as of a building: s
unog 3 to build a
re: magparikit, magparikit ng ap
oy
4 to catch re: mas
unog, masil
ab,
magliy
ab 5 to set on re: sun
ugin,
silab
an, sus
uhan v. 1 to dismiss or
be dismissed from a job (coll.): magalis (alisin) sa trab
aho, masis
ante,
isis
ante, magtiwal
ag 2 to play with
re: maglar
o ng ap
oy 3 to be on re
means (a) burning: nasus
unog, nasisil
ab,
rearms n. weapons to shoot with:
armas, mga sand
atang pumuput
ok
recracker n. paper roll containing
gunpowder and a fuse: rebentad
or
paput
ok, labentad
or
retruck n. a truck for putting out
res: trak na pamat
ay s
unog
re escape n. a stairway or ladder
to use when a building is on re:
hagd
ang takas
an sa s
unog
re extinguisher n. pamat
ay ap
oy
rey n. alitapt
ap
reman n. man of the re department: bombero, mamam
atay-s
unog
rewood n. wood to make a re:
pangg
atong, k
ahoy na pangg
atong
reworks n. rockets, pinwheels, etc:
mga paput
ok, kuwitis
rmness n. rm state: katib
ayan,
katig
asan, katatag
an, kahigpit
an
rst adj. coming before all others:

54

annel
u
na, nangung
una, pang-
una n.
the beginning: simul
a adv. before
anything else: m
una
rst aid n. emergency treatment:
pangun
ahing
l
unas,
pang
unang
l
unas
sh n. isd
a, ist
a v. to sh:
mangisd
a
sh bone n. tinik (ng isd
a)
sherman n. man who shes:
mangingisd
a
shhook n. tag
a, kawil
shing boat n. boat used for shing: bangk
ang g
amit sa pangingisd
a
shing rod n. baliwas
an, baligwas
an
shing tackle n. line, hook, sinker:
bingwit, pamingwit, pamansing
shy adj. 1 having a shy smell
or taste: malans
a, am
oy-isd
a 2
doubtful, not probable : hindi
kapani-paniw
ala
st n. hand closed tightly: kama
o
t adj. 1 qualied: karap
at-d
apat,
maa
ari 2 suitable for: b
agay,
angk
op, akm
a 3 healthy, strong:
malak
as ang kataw
an v. 1 to be
right or correct in measurement:
maghust
o, magk
asiya 2 to try to
make t, to adjust: mag-agp
ang,
iagp
ang, maiagp
ang, mag-akm
a,
iakm
a, maiakm
a 3 to suit:
bum
agay, ib
agay, bag
ayan 4 to be
ready: hand
a n. 1 a sudden, sharp
attack of illness: at
ake, sump
ong
2 an emotional outburst: silakb
o,
sikl
ab, simbuy
o
ve n/adj. one more than four:
singko, lim
a
ag n. a piece of fabric used as a
symbol: bandila, wat
awat, bandera
ame n. 1 a small blaze: ningas,
lingas, a
lab 2 a larger blaze: liy
ab,
lagabl
ab v. 1 to shine brightly:
magningas, mag-
alab, maglagabl
ab,
magliy
ab 2 to burst out quickly
or hotly: magsikl
ab, sumikl
ab,
sumilakb
o
annel n. light woolen material:

are
pranela
are v. 1 to ame up brightly or
unsteadily, sometimes with smoke:
magsikl
ab, sumikl
ab, pasiklabin,
maglagabl
ab 2 to burst into sudden action or feeling: magsikl
ab,
sumikl
ab n. a blaze, a bright, brief
unsteady ame: sikl
ab
ash n. 1 a sudden, brief light or
ame: kisl
ap 2 ash of lightning:
kidl
at 3 ash of anger: silakb
o ng
g
alit 4 a very short time: is
ang
kis
ap-mat
a
ashy adj. showy, gaudy: marangy
a
ashlight n. pl
aslayt, lente
at adj. 1 smooth and level, even:
pant
ay, p
atag, makinis 2 at,
not round: sap
ad, sar
at, lap
ad 3
uninteresting: wal
ang, kuwenta,
hindi magand
a 4 xed, not to be
changed (esp. for rates): de taripa 5
not glossy, e.g. paint: wal
ang kint
ab,
hindi makint
ab 6 without much
avor: wal
ang l
asa, matab
ang 7 to
lie at: tumihay
a
atter v. 1 to praise beyond the
truth: purihin (nang l
abis-l
abis)
2 to atter with the intention
of obtaining a favor: maglangis,
mamb
ola, bol
ahin
ea n. 1 a small, jumping insect
without wings: pulg
as 2 full of eas:
mapulg
as
eshy adj. 1 having much esh,
meaty: malam
an 2 fat: matab
a
ight n. 1 act or manner of ying:
lip
ad, paglip
ad 2 trip in an airplane:
paglip
ad (paglalakb
ay) sa eropl
ano 3
set of stairs or steps from one landing
or one story of a building to the next:
hagd
anan 4 running away, escape:
pagt
akas, pagtat
anan, pag-alp
as
ight attendant n. one who assists
passengers in an airplane: ist
uward,
istuwardes
irt v. to engage in playful
courtship: umalembong, lumandi,
maglandi, n. a person who
engages in playful courtship: kiri,

55

y
landi, alembong
oat v. 1 to stay on top of water:
lum
utang 2 to make a thing stay
on top of water: magpal
utang,
palut
angin n. 1 an artistic oat
used in parades: kar
osa 2 a raft:
bals
a 3 anything that stays up or
holds up something else in water:
pal
utang
ood n. 1 water overowing land
not usually so covered: bah
a 2 to
have water overowing land, etc.,
to have a ood: bumah
a, bahain
v. 1 to ow over: um
apaw, ap
awan
2 to come or be in great numbers: dumags
a, dagsa
an, bumah
a,
bahain
oor n. 1 the part of a room to
walk on: sahig 2 story of a building:
palap
ag, gr
ado v. 1 to put a oor
in or on: magsahig, sahig
an 2 to
defeat, esp. in argument: mat
alo,
tal
unin
orist n. a person who raises or sells
owers: magbubulakl
ak, magtitind
a
ng bulakl
ak
our n. 1 a powdery substance
obtained by grinding wheat: harina,
arina 2 rice our: galap
ong
ow n. 1 current:
agos, pag-
agos
2 owing as form a faucet: t
ulo,
pagt
ulo v. 1 to run like water:
um
agos 2 to pour out: dum
anak 3
to overow: um
apaw
ower n. a plant blossom: bulakl
ak
v. to bloom: mamulakl
ak
owering adj. producing owers:
namumulakl
ak
u n. inuenza: trank
aso, u
uent adj. speaking or writing easily and rapidly: mab
uting (mah
usay,
matat
as) magsalit
a
y n. 1 the common housey:
l
angaw 2 blowy: b
angaw v. 1 to
move through the air with wings:
lumip
ad 2 to travel through the
air by airplane: mag-erupl
ano 3
to oat or wave in the air: wumagayw
ay, iwagayw
ay 4 to cause to

fodder
y: magpalip
ad, paliparin
fodder n. grass or coarse food for
horses or cattle: kump
ay
fog n. thick mist: makap
al na u
lap,
u
lop
foil v. to prevent from carrying out
plans: bumig
o, biguin n. metal
beaten, hammered or rolled into a
very thin sheet: palar
a
fold v. 1 to bend or double over
on itself: magtikl
op, itikl
op, tiklupin
lupi, lupiin, maglupi, magtupi 2
to fold ones arms: humalukipkip,
maghalukipkip, ihalukipkip 3 to
close (as an umbrella): magsar
a,
isar
a 4 to wrap: magb
alot, bal
utin
n. 1 a layer of something folded:
tikl
op, lupi, tupi 2 the pleats of a
dress: pileges
folk dance n. katut
ubong say
aw
folk song n.
katut
ubong

awit,
awiting b
ayan
follow v. 1 to go or come after:
sumun
od, sund
an 2 to obey:
sumun
od, tumalima 3 to follow up:
sund
an, subaybay
an
follower n. 1 a person who follows
the beliefs of another: tagasun
od 2
a follower of a religion, an adherent
member: ka
anib 3 a disciple: alag
ad,
disipulo
following n. 1 a group of followers:
mga tagasun
od, mga kapan
alig, mga
k
abig 2 things that follow: ang mga
sumusun
od adj. that follows,
next after: kasun
od, sumusun
od,
sumun
od
food n. 1 anything that feeds:
pagk
ain 2 food for animals: pak
ain
3 food for fowls: patuk
a
fool n. a person lacking in judgment:
lok
o-lok
o/lok
a-lok
a, g
ago (a), ul
ol,
sir
a, haling, hang
al, tang
a v. 1
to make a fool of: lum
oko, mal
oko,
lok
ohin 2 to deceive: luminl
ang,
magd
aya 3 to fool around: magansik
ot, maglimay
on 4 to fool
with, to meddle with: makial
am,
pakialam
an

56

foreign
foolish adj. without sense, lacking
in judgment: lok
o-lok
o, lok
a-lok
a,
g
ago/a, ul
ol, hang
al, tang
a
foot n. 1 the part that a person
stands on: pa
a 2 the lowest part,
the base: paan
an, p
uno 3 twelve
inches: piye, talamp
akan v. to
walk: maglak
ad, lum
akad, lak
arin
football n. a game: p
utbol
footnote n. a note at the bottom of
the page: talabab
a
footprint n. 1 bak
as ng pa
a 2 sound
of footsteps: yab
ag
footwear n. 1 shoes: sap
atos 2 slippers: tsinelas 3 wooden shoes: baky
a
4 socks, stockings: medyas
for prep. 1 in place of: kapalit ng,
bilang kapalit, sa halip na 2 in
support of, in honor of, with regards
or respect to: sa, p
ara sa, p
ara kay,
p
ara kin
a (plural), u
kol sa, u
kol kay
(kin
a) 3 for the sake of: al
ang-
alang
sa (kay, kin
a) 4 with the object or
purpose of: u
pang, p
ara 5 suited to:
b
agay o nabab
agay (p
ara) sa
forbid v. to command not to do:
magb
awal, pagbaw
alan, ipagb
awal,
sumaw
ay, sawayin
force n. 1 strength: lak
as, puw
ersa
2 ecacy, binding force: bis
a 3
violence, strength used against a
person or thing: dah
as, karahas
an
4 power: kapangyarihan v. 1 to
make a person act against his will:
pumilit, mapilit, pilitin, pumuwersa,
puwersahin 2 to force ones way in:
magpilit pum
asok
forced adj. 1 made compulsory,
compelled: sapilit
an, pilit 2 strained,

not natural: pilit

forcibly adv. in a forcible manner:
sapilit
an
forefather n. ancestor: nin
uno,
n
uno
forehead n. the part of the face
above the eyes: no
o
foreign adj. 1 outside ones own
country: sa ibang lupain 2 coming
fom outside ones country: day
uhan,

foreigner
bany
aga 3 irrelevant: di-kaugn
ay
foreigner n. a person from antoher
country: day
uhan, d
ayo, bany
aga,
estranghero
foreman n. a man in charge of a
group of workers: kapat
as
foremost adj. 1 rst: u
na, nauun
a
2 chief, leading: pangunahin, nangung
una sa lah
at, pinakamagaling,
p
uno
forest n. thick woods: g
ubat,
kagub
atan
forever adv. for always: magpakailanam
an,
magpasaw
alanghangg
an
forget v. 1 to get out of the mind,
to fail to remember: lumimot,
kalim
utan, makalim
utan, lim
utin,
makakalimot 2 to neglect through
oversight: makaligta
an, kaligta
an
forgive v. to pardon: magpat
awad,
pataw
arin,
ipagpat
awad,
magpaumanhin,
pagpaumanhin
an,
ipagpaumanhin
forgiveness n. act of forgiving,
pardon: pat
awad, pagpapat
awad,
kapatawar
an, paumanhin, pagpapaumanhin
fork n. 1 a utensil with two or more
long points (with which to lift food):
tinid
or 2 a diverging branch: sang
a
v. to divide into forks: magsang
a,
sumang
a
form v. 1 to shape: hub
ugin 2 to
organize: magtat
ag, itat
ag 3 to
make: bumu
o 4 to develop, to
practice: mags
anay 5 to take shape:
mag-any
o, magkah
ugis n. 1 a
kind, sort: u
ri, kl
ase 2 physical
condition: kalag
ayan, kondisy
on 3
manner, method: para
an, sistema 4
shape: h
ugis, t
abas 5 a paper to be
lled in: pormul
aryo
formal adj. according to set custom
or rules: porm
al
former adj. 1 the rst of two: u
na,
na
una, nau
una 2 previous: d
ati 3
past, long past: nakara
an, u
na
formerly adv. in time past, some-

57

freckle
time ago: d
ati, no
ong u
na, no
ong
raw
a
formidable adj. 1 hard to overcome: mahirap tal
unin 2 to be
dreaded, terrifying: nakatat
akot,
kakila-kil
abot 3 hard to accomplish:
mabig
at, mahirap
forsake v. to give up, to leave alone:
magpab
aya, pabay
aan, iwan, tumalik
od, talik
uran, lumay
o, layu
an
fortune teller n. person who claims
to be able to foretell what is going to
happen to people: manghuh
ula
fortune n. 1 riches, wealth: y
aman,
kayam
anan 2 luck: p
alad, kapal
aran,
suwerte 3 bad fortune: kasawian,
kabig
uan, masam
ang kapal
aran, kamal
asan 4 good fortune: mab
uting
kapal
aran (suw
erte), tagump
ay
forty n/adj. kuwarenta, apatnap
u
foul adj. 1 very dirty: napakarumi
2 smelly: mab
aho, masam
a 3
very wicked, vile: napakasam
a,
napakah
alay 4 unfavorable, stormy:
masam
a
found v. to establish: magtat
ag,
itat
ag, magtay
o, itay
o
four n/adj. one more than three:
kuw
atro, a
pat
fourteen n/adj. four more than ten:
kat
orse, labing-
apat
fowl n. the common domestic
rooster or hen: man
ok
fragile adj.
1
easily
broken:
marup
ok, mahina, babasagin, sirain
2 delicate, frail: mahina, delik
ado
frail adj. 1 weak, slender and not
very strong: mahina, marup
ok 2
morally weak: mahina ang kalo
oban
frank adj. 1 free to express ones
real thoughts and feelings, open, not
hiding ones mind: tap
at, matap
at,
pr
angko/a 2 not afraid to say what
one thinks: tah
as, tah
asan, deretso
freak n. something very queer
or unusual: is
ang ta
ong lubh
ang
kakatuw
a
freckle n. one of the small light
brown spots that some people have

free
on the skin: pekas v. to become
marked with freckles: magkapekas
free adj. 1 loose, not fastened or
shut up: mal
aya, libre 2 not under
anothers control, having liberty:
mal
aya, libre 3 without anything to
pay: wal
ang b
ayad, libre 4 without,
lacking: wal
a, ligt
as 5 depending
on ones self, independent: mal
aya,
mapagsarili 6 exempt from: di
sakl
aw v. 1 to let go, to let loose:
magpakawal
a, pakawal
an 2 to make
free: mapal
aya, palay
ain 3 to untie:
kalag
an 4 to clear: magligt
as, iligt
as,
makalab
as, malabas
an, labas
an
adv. without charge: nang wal
ang
b
ayad, nang libre
freedom n. 1 being free, liberty, free
use: l
aya, kalay
aan 2 independence:
pagl
aya,
kalay
aan,
pagsasarili,
kasarinl
an 3 exemption: pagiging
libre
French n/adj. Pranses, Prans
esa
frequent adj. happening often:
malimit, madal
as v. to frequent,
to go often to: puntah
an, madal
as
puntah
an
fresh adj. 1 newly made, grown or
gathered: sariwa 2 new: b
ago 3 not
tired out: hindi pag
od 4 cool, pure:
malamig, presko, masar
ap, sariwa
fresh-water adj. 1 of or living in
water that is not salty: tab
ang,
sa t
ubig-tab
ang 2 fresh-water sh:
isd
ang tab
ang, isd
a sa tab
ang
friar n. a member of one of the mendicant orders: prayle adj. of the
friars, belonging to the friars: ng mga
prayle
fried adj. cooked in hot fat: prito,
pinirito
friend n. a person who knows and
likes another: kaibigan
friendly adj. 1 having a kind regard
for another: magiliw, mabait, palabati 2 in good terms: magkasund
o
friendship n. 1 a state of being
a friend: pagkakaibigan, pagkamagkaibigan 2 the act or behavior of

58

full
being friendly: pakikipagkaibigan
fright n. a sudden fear: bigl
ang
t
akot (pagkat
akot), bigl
ang sind
ak
(pagkasind
ak),
bigl
ang
g
ulat
(pagkag
ulat)
frighten v. 1 to scare: man
akot,
tum
akot, tak
utin, sumind
ak, sindakin, mangg
ulat, gum
ulat, gul
atin
2 to become afraid: mat
akot,
masind
ak, mag
ulat
frog n. a small leaping animal that
lives in or near water: palak
a
from prep. 1 indicating place of
origin: mul
a sa, g
aling sa, b
uhat sa
2 beginning with: mul
a, simul
a,
b
uhat 3 from a person: sa, kay,
kin
a (plural of kay)
front n. 1 the forepart: unah
an
2 the part that faces forward:
har
ap, harap
an 3 the space in front:
harap
an, tap
at 4 place where ghting is going on: lar
angan, laban
an
adj. facing in front: nakahar
ap,
nakatap
at
frost n. frozen dew: ham
og na
nagyelo, namu
ong ham
og
frown n. a drawing together of the
brows: pangungun
ot ng no
o
frugal adj. without waste, using
things well: matipid
fruit n. 1 product of trees that
is good to eat: pr
utas, b
ungangk
ahoy 2 the result of anything:
b
unga, res
ulta v. to produce fruit:
magb
unga, mam
unga
fruit juice n. the liquid part of
fruits: kat
as
fry v. to cook in fat: magprito,
pirit
uhin n. 1 something fried:
prito, pinirito 2 young sh: an
ak ng
isd
a, kawagkaw
ag, similya
frying pan n. kaw
ali
fuel n. anything that can be burned
to make a useful re: g
atong,
pangg
atong
fulll v. 1 to carry out a promise:
tumup
ad, tuparin, tupdin 2 to fulll
duties, to perform, to execute: guman
ap, ganapin

fun

59

full adj. 1 that can hold no more:

pun
o 2 complete; entire: bu
o 3
abounding in something: lip
os, tigib,
pusp
os 4 lled or satised with
food: bus
og
fun n.
1
merriment:
say
a,
kasay
ahan, pagsasay
a, katuw
aan 2
play: lar
o, paglalar
o 3 amusement:
lib
angan, aliwan 4 a joke: biro,
pagbibir
o v. 1 to make fun of:
pagtawan
an, bir
uin 2 to have fun:
magsay
a, maglib
ang
fund n. sum of money set aside
for a special purpose: p
ondo,
la
ang-gug
ulin, la
ang-salapi
funeral n. 1 the ceremony of burying the dead: libing, paglilibing 2
to go to a funeral: makipaglibing,
sum
ama sa libing
funny adj. 1 causing laughter:
nakakataw
a,
kataw
a-taw
a
2
amusing: nakakatuw
a 3 strange:
kakatuw
a
furniture n. articles needed in a
house or oce: muwebles
furthermore adv. 1 besides that:
buk
od (t
angi) sa ro
on (riy
an) 2
moreover, also: at sak
a
fussy adj. 1 never satised, hard
to please: masy
adong maselan
(pihikan, delik
ado) 2 too particular
about details: makuriri, mabusisi
future n. the period of time
yet to be: hinahar
ap, haharapin,
kinabuk
asan adj. coming, that will
be: magiging, nalalapi, darating

G
gain n.
prot:
t
ubo, tin
ubo,
pakin
abang v. 1 to reach, to
arrive at: sum
apit, mas
apit, sapitin,
um
abot, ma
abot, ab
utin 2 to
get, to secure, to obtain, to win:
kum
uha, mak
uha, k
unin, magtam
o,
matam
o,
tamuhin,
magkamit,
makamit, kamt
an 3 to prot:
magt
ubo, tum
ubo, pagtub
uan 4 to

gasoline station
be of an advantage to: makin
abang,
mapakin
abang, pakinab
angan
gallant adj. 1 brave: mat
apang,
magiting 2 showing respect and
courtesy to women: magino
o,
mapit
agan, mag
alang at mapagbig
ay
gallon n. four quarts: gal
on
galvanized iron n. yero, yerong
galbanis
ado
gamble n. 1 game for money:
huwego, sug
al, pakikipagsapalar
an
2 bet: pust
a v. 1 to play games
of chance for money: magsug
al,
maghuwego 2 to bet: pumust
a,
mamust
a
gambler n. one who gambles:
sugar
ol, manunug
al, hugad
or
game n. 1 a contest for exercise, amusement or prize: lar
o,
paligs
ahan sa lar
o 2 a game of
chance, gambling: sug
al, huwego 3
wild animals hunted or taken for
sport or for food: mga h
ayop na
nahuh
uli (hinuh
uli) sa pamamaril o
pangang
aso
gangster n. a member of a gang of
criminals: butangero, g
angster
gap n. a break or opening: siwang,
puw
ang
garage n. 1 a place for keeping automobiles: gar
ahe 2 a shop for repairing automobiles: talyer
garden n. a ground for growing vegetables: hardin, halaman
an v. to
take care of a garden: maghal
aman,
maghardin, mag-g
arden
gargle v. 1 to wash or rinse the
throat with a liquid kept in motion by the breath: magm
umog
2 to use as a gargle: mum
ugin,
ipagm
umog, im
umog n. liquid
used for gargling: pangm
umog
gas pump n. a machine for forcing
gas into or out of things: b
omba ng
gas, pamb
omba ng gas
gasoline n. a colorless liquid made
from petroleum, used to run automobiles: gasolina, gas
gasoline station n.
place
for

gate
buying motor fuel or gasoline:
gasolinah
an
gate n. an opening in a wall or
fence, usually tted with a door:
tarangk
ahan
gather v. 1 to collect, to bring
together into one place: magtipon,
tip
unin 2 to come together:
magtipon, magkatipon, magkatipuntipon 3 to reap, to harvest: mag-
ani,
anihin 4 to pick fruits or owers:
pumit
as, mamit
as, pitasin
gathering n. 1 an assembly, a meeting: pagtitipon, pagkakatipon 2 act of
collecting things: pagiipon 3 a social
gathering: s
alu-s
alo
gauge n. 1 a standard measure:
s
ukat 2 an instrument for measuring: pan
ukat
gay adj. happy and full of fun,
merry: masay
a
gaze v. to look long and steadily:
tum
itig,
tit
igan,
masd
ang
mab
uti. n. a long and steady
look: titig
gem n. 1 a precious stone:
mamah
aling bat
o 2 a jewel:
hiy
as, al
ahas 3 the most precious
thing:
tamp
ok,
pinakatamp
ok,
pinakamahalag
a, pinakahiy
as
general adj. 1 for all: kalahat
an,
panlah
at, pangkalahat
an 2 in general, usually, commonly: karaniwan,
kalimitan 3 not detailed as in a
general plan: masakl
aw na panuk
ala
n. an army ocer above a coronel:
hener
al
gentle adj. 1 not rough: mar
ahan,
mahinay, may
umi 2 rened, polite: mahinhin, mabini, mag
alang,
magino
o 3 kindly, friendly: mabait,
magiliw 4 soft and low: mar
ahan,
mal
umay
gentleman n. a man who is honorable and well-bred: magino
o
generous adj. unselsh: mapagkalo
ob, mapagbig
ay, buk
as-p
alad,
mab
uting lo
ob
genuine adj. 1 real, true: t
unay,

60

give
toto
o 2 pure: dalisay 3 frank,
sincere: tap
at, matap
at, ta
os,
mata
os
germ n. 1 a simple animal or plant,
too small to be seen, which causes
disease: mikr
obyo 2 seed: binhi 3
the beginning of anything: simul
a,
pinagmul
an, pinanggalingan
Germany n. Alem
anya
germination n. beginning to grow
or develop: sibol, pagsibol, t
ubo,
pagt
ubo
get v. 1 to obtain: kum
uha, ik
uha,
k
unin 2 to get to, to go to: pumunt
a,
tum
ungo 3 to get up from a sitting
position: tumay
o, tumindig
get up 1 arise (from a lying position): bum
angon, magb
angon 2
to get up with haste, to jump up:
bumalikw
as
ghost n. the spirit of one who is dead
appearing to the living: mult
o
giant adj. huge: napakalaki n. 1 a
man of great size: hig
ante 2 any huge
animal: dambuh
ala
gift n. 1 something given, a present:
reg
alo, ala
ala, hand
og 2 natural talent, special ability: lik
as na talino,
katut
ubong kakayah
an, pambihirang
talino 3 donation: kalo
ob, big
ay,
donasy
on 4 benefaction: biy
aya
gill n. respiratory organ of shes:
h
asang
gin n. a strong alcoholic drink:
hinebra
ginger n. spice made from the root
of a tropical plant: l
uya
girl n. 1 a female child: b
atang bab
ae
2 an adolescent girl: dalagita 3 a
young unmarried woman: dal
aga
give v. 1 to hand over (gen. meaning): magbig
ay, bigy
an, ibig
ay 2 to
hand over a present without pay:
maghand
og, handug
an, ihand
og,
magreg
alo, regal
uhan, ireg
alo 3 to
pay: magb
ayad, ib
ayad, bay
aran 4 to
give back, to return: magbalik, ibalik,
magsa
uli, isa
uli 5 to give out,
to distribute: mamig
ay, ipamig
ay,

give up
mamah
agi, ipamah
agi, mang
alat,
ipang
alat
give up v. to surrender: sum
uko,
is
uko
glad adj. joyous: masay
a, natutuw
a,
nagagal
ak
glance v. to look quickly: sumuly
ap,
sulyap
an n. a quick look: s
ulyap
glare n. 1 a strong unpleasant light
which hurts the eyes: liw
anag na
nakasisilaw,
matinding
liw
anag
2 a erce look: pandidilat, lisik
(panlilisik) ng mat
a v. 1 to shine
strongly or unpleasantly, to shine
so as to hurt the eyes: sumilaw,
makasilaw 2 to stare ercely and
with anger: mandilat, pandil
atan,
manlisik ang mat
a, panlisikan ng
mat
a
glass n. 1 a hard transparent or
translucent material that breaks
easily: salamin, kristal 2 broken
glass: b
ubog 3 glass of water: isang
b
asong t
ubig 4 drinking glass: b
aso
5 mirror: salamin 6 eye glasses:
salamin sa mat
a
glimpse n. a short look: s
ulyap
globe n. a sphere with a map of the
earth: gl
obo
gloom n. 1 low spirits, sadness:
lungk
ot,
kalungk
utan,
pangl
aw,
kapanglaw
an, lumb
ay, kalumb
ay
an
2 darkness, deep shadow, dim light:
dilim, kariml
an
gloomy adj. 1 dark, dim: madilim,
kulimlim
2 sad, melancholic:
malungk
ot, malumb
ay, mapangl
aw
glory n. 1 great praise esp. as given
in adoration: luwalh
ati, kaluwalhatian 2 heaven: l
angit, kalangit
an
3 great honor: dakilang karang
alan
4 fame: kabantug
an
glossary n. a list of hard words with
explanation: talahulugan
an
glove n. a covering for the hand
with separate places for each nger:
guw
antes
glue n. substance made from the
hoofs of animals and used to stick

61

go over
things together: k
ola, pang
ola,
pangk
ola, pandikit v. 1 to stick
together with glue: magk
ola, ik
ola,
dikit, magdikit 2 to fasten tightly
(g.): magp
ako, ip
ako
glutinous adj. sticky: malagkit,
madikit
gluttonous adj. 1 inclined to
eat too much: mat
akaw 2 greedy
for anything: masiba, masakim,
mat
akaw
gnaw v. to bite and wear away: ngumatng
at, ngatngatin
go v. 1 to depart, to leave, to go
away: umalis, lum
akad 2 to go
to a person or place: pumunt
a,
puntah
an, pumaro
on, paroon
an,
tum
ungo, patung
uhan 3 to go
about or around as a patrol does:
magpalib
ut-lib
ot, magrekurida 4 to
go ahead: l
akad na, sige na, m
auna,
magpat
uloy, ipagpat
uloy 5 to go
round, to go to dierent places:
maglib
ot, lumibot 6 to go home:

umuwi 7 to go to a place as in a
city: lumuw
as 8 to go away: umalis
9 to go away unceremoniously, to
clear out: lum
ayas 10 to go out:
lumab
as
go against v. to work against:
sumalung
at, salung
ahin, sumalung
a,
salungatin, sumag
upa, sagup
ain,
lumab
ag, labagin
go astray v. to be led astray:
malihis
sa
land
as,
malig
aw,
makawal
a
go back v. to return: bumalik,
balik
an
go back on v. to forsake, to be untrue to: magtaksil, pagtaksil
an
go by v. 1 to pass: duma
an, da
anan
2 to follow: sumun
od, sund
an
go down v. 1 to descend: bumab
a,
man
aog, puman
aog 2 to sink down:
lumub
og
go over v. 1 to look carefully at,
to examine: magsiy
asat, siyas
atin,
mags
uri, suriin 2 to do again,
to repeat: um
ulit, ulitin, bumalik,

go up
balik
an
go up v. 1 to go upstairs: pumanhik
2 to climb: umaky
at 3 to go up
a small hill (or bank of a river):
um
ahon
go with v. to accompany: sum
ama,
makis
ama
goal n. 1 a place reached at the end
of a race: hanggah
an, hant
ungan 2
something desired: tung
uhin, l
ayon,
lay
unin, hang
ad, hang
arin
goat n. a small lively animal with
horns: kambing
go-between n. an intermediary:
t
aga-pamagitan, tul
ay, b
ugaw
God n. 1 the Supreme Being: Diy
os,
Bath
ala 2 Creator: Ang Lumal
ang
(Lumikh
a), Ang Maykap
al, Ang
Maylikh
a
godchild n. the child for whom a
grown-up person takes vows at its
baptism (or, as in the Philippines,
at its conrmation): an
ak (inaan
ak)
sa biny
ag (o sa kumpil)
goddess n. a very beautiful or wonderful woman: diy
osa, diw
ata
godfather n. man who takes vows
for a child when it is baptized
(or conrmed): padrino, inaam
a
(ninong) sa biny
ag (o sa kumpil)
godly adj. religious, pious, loving,
fearing God: ban
al, maka-Diy
os,
relihiy
oso/a
godmother n. woman who takes
vows for a child when it is baptized
(or conrmed): madrina, iniin
a
(ninang) sa biny
ag (o sa kumpil)
goiter n. a disease of the thyroid
gland: b
osyo
gold n. precious metal: gint
o adj.
1 made of gold: gint
o, yari sa gint
o,
2 color of gold, golden: ginint
uan
gone adj. 1 left: wal
a na, nakaalis
na 2 lost: nawal
a 3 dead: pat
ay na,
pum
anaw na 4 used up: ub
os na,
na
ubos na
good adj. 1 having the right qualities: mab
uti, magaling, mah
usay
2 well-behaved: mab
uti, mabait 3

62

grace
right, as it ought to be: t
ama,
angk
op, a
yos 4 desirable: kan
aisn
ais 5 satisfying: kasiy
a-siy
a 6
pleasant: kalug
ud-lug
od 7 kind,
friendly: mabait 8 real, genuine:
t
unay, di-palsipik
ado 9 excellent:
napakah
usay, napakainam, napakagaling n. benet: kabutihan,
kapakinabang
an, kagalingan
good-bye interj. 1 farewell (formal): pa
alam na (p
o), diy
an na
kay
o 2 informal leave taking: diy
an
ka na, bay
good-looking adj. 1 handsome:
guw
apo 2 beautiful: magand
a,
guw
apa
goods n. 1 personal property or belonging: ari-arian 2 wares, thing or
things for sale: mga panind
a, kal
akal
goose n. gans
a
gorgeous adj. richly colored or
splendid: napakaring
al, napakarikit,
napakaril
ag
gospel n. the teachings of Christ and
the Aspostles: ebanghelyo
gossip n. 1 idle talk: tsismis, sitsit
2 a person who gossips a good deal:
tsism
oso/a, dalahir
a, daldalero/a,
satsat
ero/a v. to repeat what
one knows or hears about other
people and their aairs: magtsismis,
pagtsismis
an
government n. the ruling body of
a country: pamahala
an, gubyerno,
gobyerno
governor n. the ruler of a state
or province: gubernad
or, p
unonglalawigan
gown n. 1 a womans dress:
bestido/a, b
aro 2 a loose outer robe
worn by college graduates, etc: t
oga
3 a nightgown: b
atang pant
ulog,
naitg
aun
grab v. 1 to snatch: sumakl
ot,
saklutin, sumungg
ab, sunggab
an,
dumakl
ot,
daklutin,
dum
akma,
dakmain, agawing bigl
a 2 to
snatch with the mouth: sumakm
al,
sakmalin

graceful
grace n. 1 a gift from God: gr
asya,
biy
aya, pagpap
ala 2 beauty of form
or movement: magand
ang bikas
(kilos) 3 grace period, time of delay:
pal
ugit
graceful 1 adj 2 beatiful in form or
movement: magand
ang kumilos, may
magand
ang kilos
gracious adj. 1 pleasant and
friendly: magiliw 2 full of kindness
and love: mapagmah
al
grade n. 1 class in school: gr
ado
2 degree in rank: r
anggo, gr
ado,
ant
as 3 a degree in quality and
value: kl
ase, u
ri 4 number or letter
that shows how well one has done:
n
ota, mark
a 5 the slope of the road:
gr
ado, dahilig
gradual adj. by degrees too small to
be noticed: ban
ayad adv. step by
step: bai-bait
ang
gradually adv. little by little: untiunti
graduate n. a person who has
been graduated: gradw
ado, tap
os,
ang nagtap
os adj. that has been
graduated: tap
os v. to nish a
course in school or college: magtap
os
graft n. 1 a detached shoot grafted
to another plant: hugp
ong, dugt
ong
na s
upang 2 taking money wrongfully in connection with government
business: nakaw
an sa gubyerno, pangunguw
alta sa gubyerno, katiwali
an
grain n. seed of plants: b
util
gram n. a unit of weight: gr
amo
grammar n. the study of forms and
uses of words: balaril
a, gram
atika
grandchild n. child of ones son or
daughter: ap
o
grandfather n. father of ones
father or mother: l
olo, ingk
ong,
lelong, abwelo
grandmother n. mother of ones father or mother: l
ola, imp
o, lelang,
abwela
grandparent n. 1 grandfather or
grandmother: l
olo o l
ola, ingk
ong,
imp
o 2 grandparents: mga n
uno

63

grave
grant v. 1 to allow, to approve:
aprobah
an, pay
agan, ipahint
ulot,
ipagkalo
ob 2 to give what is asked:
magkalo
ob, ipagkalo
ob, pagkalo
oban,
magbig
ay, ibig
ay, bigy
an 3 to admit:
tumangg
ap, tanggapin, um
amin,
aminin n. gift, endowment:
kalo
ob, big
ay
grape n. u
bas
grapefruit n. a pale-yellow fruit like
an orange but larger and more sour:
kahel, s
uha, lukb
an
graph n. talaguhit
an, talangg
uhit,
g
uhit bangh
ay, gr
ap
grasp v. 1 to seize: sumungg
ab,
dumakm
al, dumakm
a, dumak
ot
2 to understand: maunawa
an,
maintindih
an
grasping adj. greedy: makamk
am,
mat
akaw, masakim
grass n. 1 green blades that cover
elds and lawns: dam
o 2 land covered with grass: damuh
an
grasshopper n. 1 an insect with
strong legs and wings for jumping:
tipakl
ong 2 locust: b
alang, lukt
on
grate v. to grate: kumudk
od, gumadg
ad n. 1 grate, a framework
of parallel or crossed bars: rehas na
(barandilyang) b
akal 2 a framework
of iron to hold a re: parilya 3 the
act of grating: kudk
od, pagkudk
od,
gadg
ad, paggadg
ad adj. 1 harsh
or jarring in sound; nakangingil
o,
nakapangingil
o 2 rasping sound:
magaralg
al
grateful adj.
thankful:
nagpapasal
amat, kumikil
ala ng u
tang na
lo
ob, tumatan
aw ng u
tang na lo
ob
gratitude n.
thankfulness:
pasasal
amat
gratis adj. for nothing, free of
charge: wal
ang b
ayad, libre, gr
atis
grave n. any place of burial: libing,
libingan, punt
od, h
ukay adj. 1
serious: malubh
a, malal
a, mabig
at,
maselan, sery
oso 2 important:
mahalag
a 3 referring to the grave
accent mark: mal
umi, paiw
a v.

gravel
1 to engrave, to carve: mag-
ukit,
ukitin, i
ukit 2 to impress or implant
deeply: magtanim, itanim
gravel n. pebbles and rock fragments coarser than sand: gr
aba
gravestone n. stone that marks a
grave: l
apida
graveyard n. a place for burying
the dead: libingan, sement
eryo
kampos
anto, pantiy
on
gravity n. 1 seriousness: lubh
a,
kalubha
an, big
at, kabigat
an, lal
a,
selan, kasel
anan 2 serious: malubh
a
gravy n. sauce for meat: saws
awan,
s
asa
gray n. shade between white and
black: gris, senis
ado, k
ulay-ab
o
adj. abuhin
gray hair adj.
u
ban,
maputing
buh
ok
great adj. 1 big, very large:
malaki, napakalaki 2 immense, vast:
mal
awak 3 much more than usual:
masy
ado, matindi, l
abis, s
obra 4
important, weighty: mahalag
a 5
high in rank: dakila 6 remarkable:
kah
anga-h
anga
greatness n. 1 fame: kadakil
aan, kabantug
an 2 bigness: kalakh
an
greedy adj.
mat
akaw,
sakim,
masiba
Greek n/adj. Griyego /a
green n. the color of grass: berde,
lunti, luntian
greenhorn n. a person without
experience: bag
uhan, bagito, bag
ong

singki
greet v. 1 to address in welcome:
bum
ati, batiin 2 to greet each other:
magbati
an 3 to meet: sumal
ubong,
salub
ungin
greeting n. the words of a person
who greets someone: b
ati, pagb
ati
grenade n. an explosive missile
thrown by hand: gran
ada
griddle n. a shallow pan for baking
or frying thin cakes: kaw
aling maland
ay
grief n. sorrow, sadness: h
apis,

64

ground
lungk
ot, kalungk
utan, dalamh
ati,
hinagpis, lumb
ay, pighati v. 1
to come to grief, to end in disaster: mapah
amak 2 to fail, to be
frustrated: mabig
o
grieve v. to feel grief, to feel
sad: magdalamh
ati, malungk
ot,
mamighati, mahapis, malumb
ay
grimy adj.
dirty:
marumi,
mar
ungis
grin v. to smile broadly: ngumisi,
ngisihan, ngumisngis, ngisngis
an
grind v. 1 to crush into bits:
gumiling, gilingin 2 to crush
into powder, pulverize: magd
urog,
dum
urog, dur
ugin 3 to pound and
crush in a mortar: magdikdik, dumikdik, dikdikin, magbay
o, bumay
o,
bayuhin 4 to sharpen or make
smooth by rubbing on something
rough: magh
asa, ih
asa 5 to rub
harshly (on, into, against or together): magkiskis, kiskisin, ikiskis
6 to rub (grind) the teeth together:
mang
alit, pangalitin
grinder n. 1 a person who grinds:
tagagiling 2 a grindstone, a millstone: panggiling, giling
an
grindstone n. a whetstone: hasa
an,
pangh
asa
grip v. to seize and hold tight:
sumungg
ab ng mahigpit,pumisil ng

mahigpit, humaw
ak ng mahigpit
grocery n. a grocers shop: gr
oseri,
tindah
an ng mga kosmestibles
groin n. the crease at the juncture of
the thigh and the abdomen: singit
groom n. 1 a man or boy who has
charge of horses: s
ota 2 bridegroom:
n
obyo, lal
aking ikakas
al, lal
aking
b
agong kas
al
groomed adj. well-dressed: makisig,
bihis na bihis
grope v. to feel about with the
hands: mag-ap
uhap, umap
uhap,
apuh
apin, kumap
a, kumap
a-kap
a,
kapain
grouchy adj. sulky, sullen, discontented: tamp
uhin, matamp
uhin

ground oor
ground n. 1 the surface of the
earth, soil: l
upa 2 basis, reason,
foundation for what is said or done:
bat
ayan, saligan, katwiran, dahil
an
v. to break ground to dig, plow:
magbungk
al ng l
upa, bungkalin ang
l
upa, mag-ar
aro, arar
uhin
ground oor n. the basement of
a building or about level with the
ground: silong
group n. 1 a number of persons
or things together: gr
upo, pangk
at,
pulut
ong 2 a group formed for a
certain purpose (e.g. a committee): l
upon, komite 3 a small
group gathered for an informal
discussion: ump
ok, ump
ukan 4
a particular kind or class: u
ri,
kl
ase, gr
upo v. 1 to form into a
group: magtipon, tip
unin, maggr
upo,
grup
uhin, magtipun-tipon, pagtip
untip
unin, mag-ump
ukan, mag-ump
ok
2 to put in a group: pangkatin,
pagpangk
at-pangkatin,
grup
uhin,
paggrup
u-grup
uhin
grow v. 1 to become bigger, to
increase: lumaki, lumag
o 2 to
prosper, to improve: umunl
ad,
sum
ulong 3 to thrive, to live:
tum
ubo, sumibol, mab
uhay 4 to
cause to grow, to raise, to plant:
magtanim, itanim, maghal
aman
grown-up n. adult: matand
a, n
asa
ed
ad
growth n. 1 growing, development:
paglaki 2 amount grown, increase:
ang inilaki, ang iniunl
ad 3 progress:
pag-unl
ad, pagkaunl
ad, pags
ulong,
pagkas
ulong 4 what has grown or
is growing: t
ubo, pagt
ubo, sibol,
pagsibol
gruel n. a thin, almost liquid food
made by boiling oatmeal, rice, etc.,
in water or milk: l
ugaw, nil
ugaw
gruesome adj. horrible: nakatat
akot,
nakapangingil
abot, kakila-kil
abot
grumble v. to complain sullenly:
um
ungol, magbul
ong, magmakt
ol
n. complaint: rekl
amo

65

guilty
grumpy adj. surly, ill humored:
mainit ang u
lo, galit
guarantee n. a promise to answer
for payment or debt: garantiy
a v.
to give a guarantee for: gumarantiy
a, garantiyah
an, gumarantiy
a,
manag
ot, panagut
an
guarantor n.
a
person
who
promises: tagapanag
ot, piyad
or
guard v. 1 to watch over, to defend: tum
anod, magt
anod, tan
uran,
magbant
ay, bantay
an, gumuw
ardiya,
guwardiyah
an 2 to keep from
escaping, to check: magbant
ay,
bantay
an 3 to take care of, keep
safe: mag-ingat, pag-ing
atan, mangal
aga, pangalag
aan n. 1 a
person who guards: t
anod, bant
ay,
guw
ardiya 2 that which is for guarding: depensa, panangg
ol 3 careful
watch: pagtat
anod, pagbabant
ay,
pagguguw
ardiya 4 in games like
basketball: guw
ardiya, gard adj.
on guard, ready to defend, watchful:
nakahand
a, hand
a
guardian n. a person who takes
care of another or of some special
thing: katiw
ala, tagapag-al
aga,
tagapagtangg
ol
guava n. a small tree of the myrtle
family, also its fruit: bay
abas
guerilla n. a ghter in an irregular
war carried on by independent
bands: gerilya
guess n. an opinion formed without
really knowing: h
ula v. 1 to form
an opinion when one does not know
exactly: hum
ula, hul
aan 2 to think,
to suppose: magpalag
ay, ipalag
ay
guest n. a visitor: pana
uhin, bisita
guidance n. guiding, direction: pagakay, pagpatn

ubay, pamamatn
ubay
guide v. 1 to lead, to direct:
pumatn
ubay, patnub
ayan 2 to conduct by the hand : um
akay, ak
ayin
3 to show the way: it
uro ang d
aan
n. 1 a person that shows the
way: giya 2 a person who conducts
another by the hand: taga-
akay

guitar

66

guilty adj. having done wrong: may

s
ala, may kasal
anan
guitar n. a string instrument: git
ara
v. to play a guitar: maggit
ara
gulf n. a large bay: malaking lo
ok
gulp v. to swallow eagerly or greedily esp. in large drafts: lumun
ok,
(lunukin, lumul
on) nang malalaki
at dali-dali, lumag
ok (lagukin,

lumakl
ak, laklakin) nang malaki at
mabilis n. the act of swallowing:
lun
ok ,lul
on
gum n. the esh around the teeth:
gil
agid
gun n. 1 a rie: riple, baril 2 a
cannon: kany
on v. 1 to shoot
with a rie (gun), to hunt with a
rie: bumaril, mamaril, barilin 2 to
shoot with a cannon: kumany
on,
mangany
on, kanyunin
gunpowder n. powder used in
rearms: pulbur
a
gurgle v. to ow or run with bubbling sound: lumagukl
ok, bumulub
ok
guy n. a fellow: t
ao, lal
aki
gymnasium n. himn
asyo, dyim, dyimnasy
um

H
habit n. 1 custom, practice: ug
ali,
kaugali
an, pag-uug
ali, kinaugalian,
g
awi, kinagawi
an 2 the dress of a
religious order:
abito 3 a womans
riding dress: pambab
aing kasu
utan sa
pangangab
ayo
habitat n. a place where an animal
or plant naturally lives or grows:
tir
ahan,
ang
pinamamah
ayan,
pinagpupug
aran
habitually adv. as a habit, regularly: l
agi, pal
agi, pirme
hack v. to cut roughly into pieces:
magtadt
ad,
tadtarin,
magsib
ak,
sibakin n. 1 a short, dry cough:
tikhim 2 a carriage for hire:
karom
ata, kalesa, karw
ahe), paupah
ang karom
ata (kalesa, karw
ahe)

handicap
3 a horse for hire: paupah
ang kab
ayo
hair n. 1 buh
ok 2 gray (white) hair:
u
ban 3 short, ne hair such as on the
arms: balahibo
hairdresser n. 1 one who curls
and arranges the hair: tagapagkul
ot,
mangung
ulot, magkukul
ot 2 barber:
barbero
half adj. making a half: kalah
ati
v. 1 to divide in half: magh
ati,
hatiin 2 to split in half: magbiy
ak,
biyakin
hall n. 1 passageway: pasilyo 2 the
foyer of a building: bulw
agan 3 a very
large room for concerts: awdit
oryum,
odit
oryum, bulw
agan
halo n. 1 a golden circle or disk of
light represented about the head of
a saint, etc.: sinag sa u
lo 2 a ring of
light around the sun, moon, or other
shining body: limbo
ham n. the thigh of the hind leg of a
hog: ham
on
hammer n. 1 a tool with a metal
head and a handle: martilyo 2
hammer of a gun: martilyo ng baril
v. to drive, hit or work with a
hammer: magmartilyo, martilyuhin,
magpukp
ok (pukpukin, mapukp
ok)
ng martilyo
hammock n. a hanging bed or
couch made of canvas, netted cord,
etc.: d
uyan
hand n. the end part of the arm:
kam
ay v. 1 to shake hands: kumam
ay, kamay
an, makipagkam
ayan
2 to use the hands for eating:
magkam
ay
handbag n. 1 a womans small
bag for money, toilet articles, etc.:
h
anbag, bag (Eng) 2 wallet: pit
aka
handcu n. a restraining device
that can be locked around the wrist:
p
osas v. to put handcus on:
magp
osas, pos
asan
handful n. 1 as much as the hand
can hold: sandal
ot, karak
ot 2 a small
number: il
an, kaunti
handicap n. hindrance: sag
abal,

handkerchief
hadl
ang, sagwil, balakid, handikap
(Eng)
handkerchief n. a small cloth used
in wiping nose, mouth, etc: pany
o,
panyolito
handle n. that part of a thing
which is made of the grasped by
the hand: hawak
an, tangk
ay (of
an umbrella, etc.), puluh
an (of
knives, etc.), bitbitan (for baskets
and the like), tatangn
an (something
one holds on to in order not to
fall) v. 1 to touch with the
hand: hum
awak, haw
akan 2 to feel
with the hand: humipo, hip
uin,
tum
angan, tangn
an 3 to manage,
to direct: mangasiwa, pangasiw
aan,
mamah
ala, pamahal
aan 4 to treat:
tumar
ato, tarat
uhin, makit
ungo,
pakitung
uhan, it
uring
handsaw n. lag
ari, sur
otso
handshake n. the act of clasping
and shaking hands: pagkam
ay,
pagkakam
ay, pakikikam
ay
handsome adj. good looking: magand
a, guw
apo/a
handwriting n. 1 writing by hand:
s
ulat-kam
ay 2 manner or style of
writing: s
ulat, pagkakas
ulat
hang v. 1 to fasten to something
above: magbitin, ibitin 2 to fasten:
magkabit, ikabit 3 to hang clothes
on a hanger: magh
anger, ih
anger,
mags
abit, is
abit 4 to hang on a
hook, etc.: mags
abit, is
abit 5 to
suspend: magbitin, ibitin, maglawit,
ilawit 6 to hang laundry on a clothes
line, etc.: magsamp
ay, isamp
ay 7 to
put to death by hanging: bigtihin
(this term also means to strangle),
bit
ayin (gen. term for execution)
n. way in which a thing hangs: bitin,
pagkakabitin, lawit, pagkakalawit,
s
abit, pagkakas
abit
hanging n. 1 death by hanging
with a rope around the neck: bigti,
pagbigti 2 thing that hangs from
a wall, bed, window, etc.: palawit,
pabitin adj. that hangs: nakabitin,

67

harness
nakalawit
hangman n. man who puts criminals to death: berd
ugo, tagabitay
happen v. 1 to take place, to occur:
mangy
ari, magan
ap 2 to be or take
place by chance: mata
on, magkata
on
happy adj. 1 joyful, contented:
malig
aya, nasisiyah
an 2 showing
that one is glad: masay
a, natutuw
a
3 very happy: masay
ang-masay
a,
tuw
ang-tuw
a, gal
ak na gal
ak,
malig
ayang-malig
aya
happiness n. lig
aya, kaligay
ahan,
pagkamalig
aya, say
a, kasay
ahan,
pagkamasay
a
harass v. to trouble by repeated attacks: manligalig, lumig
alig, ligaligin
hard adj. 1 not soft, not yielding
to touch: matig
as 2 not yielding to
inuence, stern: mahigpit, istrikto,
mabagsik 3 not easy, needing much
ability, eort or time: mahirap,
mabig
at 4 severe, causing pain,
trouble, care, etc.: gipit, mahirap,
napakahirap 5 not pleasant, harsh:
matig
as 6 not too much moved by
feelings: matig
as ang p
uso, wal
ang
awa 7 strong: malak

as, matindi
hardship n. something hard to bear:
hirap, kahir
apan, paghihirap, tiisin,
hil
ahil
harm n. 1 hurt, damage: kasir
aan,
pins
ala, kapinsal
aan 2 wrong:
kasama
an, kamalian v. 1 to
damage: sumira, makasira, sir
ain,
pumins
ala, makapins
ala, pinsal
ain,
makasam
a 2 to hurt (physically):
sakt
an 3 to hurt the feelings:
sug
atan ang damd
amin
harmful adj. 1 causing harm:
masam
a, nakasasam
a, makasasam
a
2 injurious, hurtful, causing damage: nakapipins
ala, mapamins
aal,
nakasisir
a, mapanira
harmonica n. a small musical
instrument played by the mouth:
silindro, harm
onika
harness n. leather ttings for a
horse, which connect him to a

harsh
carriage, plow, etc.: guwarnasy
on
v. to put a harness on: magguwarnasy
on, guwarnasyun
an
harsh adj. 1 rough to touch: maligasg
as, magasp
ang 2 unpleasant to
the ears: masakit sa tainga, magaralg
al 3 cruel: malupit, mabagsik 4
hurtful: masakit
harvest n. 1 reaping and gathering
grain: pag-a
ani, pagg
apas 2 the time
or season of harvest: anih
an, gapas
an
3 result, consequence: b
unga, res
ulta
v. to gather in and bring home for
use: mag-
ani, um
ani, anihin
hat n. 1 a covering for the head when
outdoors: sumbrero 2 to put on a
hat: magsumbr
ero, sumbreruhan
hatch v. 1 to bring forth young from
an egg or eggs: pumis
a, mamis
a,
pisain 2 to keep eggs warm until
the young came out: lumimlim,
limlim
an, humalimhim, halimhim
an
3 to come out from an egg: mapis
a
4 to grow to be young birds, etc.:
mapis
a, magsisiw, magkasisiw n.
a brood:
akay
hatchet n. a small axe with a handle
about a foot long: palak
ol
hate v. 1 to dislike: mapo
ot,
kapoot
an 2 to detest: mamuhi,
kamuhi
an 3 to loathe: masukl
am,
kasuklam
an n. deep dislike,
hatred: po
ot, pagkapo
ot, sukl
am,
pagkasukl
am,, muhi, pagkamuhi
haunt v. 1 to go often to, to visit
frequently: dum
alaw ng malimit,

maglalagi, maglumagi 2 to be
often with: mamal
agi, dum
alaw
na l
agi 3 to haunt the memory:
sum
aging l
agi sa ala
ala
haughty adj. 1 proud: pal
alo 2 too
proud of oneself: mapagmata
as, mapagmalaki, mapangh
amak
haunted adj. visited by ghosts:
pinagmumultuh
an
have v. 1 to possess, to own: may,
maro
on, magkaro
on 2 to get, to acquire: magkaro
on
hawk n. a bird of prey: l
awin v. to

68

headquarters
carry goods about for sale, as a street
hawker or peddler: magl
ako, il
ako
hay n. 1 grass cut and dried for
fodder: tuy
ung dam
o 2 dried rice
stalks used as fodder for carabaos
and cows: day
ami, ginikan
haystack n. a large pile of hay outdoors: mandal
a ng day
ami
hazard n. risk, danger: pang
anib,
peligro, risko
hazy adj. 1 misty: ma
ulap 2 smoky:
maas
o, ma
usok 3 dim: kulimlim 4
not distinct, obscure: mal
abo
he pron. third person singular pronoun, masculine: siy
a (also used for
she)
head n. 1 the top part of the
body of a person or animal: u
lo
2 the top part of anything: u
lo 3
something used as a head, top or
front: ulun
an 4 chief person, leader:
p
uno, pin
uno, hepe 5 head of
state, president: pang
ulo v. 1 to
be at the front or top of: mang
una
2 to be the head or chief of, to lead:
mam
uno, pamun
uan, pangun
ahan
headache n. pain in the head: sakit
ng u
lo
heading n. 1 something printed
at the top of a letter: p
amuhatan,
p
amulaan, u
lo ng s
ulat 2 title of a
page, chapter: pamag
at, titulo, u
lo
headless adj. 1 having no head:
pug
ot ang u
lo, wal
ang u
lo 2 without
a leader: wal
ang p
uno, wal
ang lider,
wal
ang pin
uno
healthy adj. 1 having good health:
mab
uti (malak
as) ang kataw
an 2
giving health, good for the health:
pampalus
og,
nakapagpapalus
og,
pampalak
as, nakapagpapalak
as
headlight n. light at the front of an
automobile: ilaw na pang-unah
an,
ilaw sa unah
an
headline n. a title over an article in
a newspaper: u
long pamb
ungad, u
lo
ng balita
headquarters n. 1 quarters of
a commanding ocer: kuwartel,

headstrong
p
unong himpilan 2 the main oce:
p
unong tangg
apan
headstrong adj. hard to control:
matig
as ang u
lo, sutil
heal v. 1 to cure: gumaling, magpagaling, pagalingin, lum
unas, lun
asan
2 to grow well, become well e.g.
wounds: gumaling, maghilom
health n. being well: kalus
ugan
healthy adj. having good health:
malus
og, mab
uti ang kataw
an
heap n. 1 pile of many things
thrown or lying together: tamb
ak,
bunt
on 2 a large amount (used
in common talk): santamb
ak,
sambunt
on, mar
ami v. to form
into a heap, to gather in heaps:
magbunt
on, ibunt
on, magtamb
ak,
itamb
ak
hear v. 1 to listen to: makinig,
pakingg
an, dinggin 2 to be able
to hear: marinig, makarinig 3 to
receive word: makabalita
hearing n. 1 the sense by which
sound is perceived: pandinig 2
the distance that sound can be
heard: ab
ot-dinig 3 judicial hearing:
paglilitis, pagdinig
hearsay n. common talk, rumor: sabi-sabi, balita, bali-balita,
bul
ung-bul
ungan
heart n. 1 the part of the body
that pumps the blood: p
uso 2 compassion, mercy:
awa, pagka
awa,
hab
ag, pagkahab
ag adv. with all
ones heart, sincerely: nang bu
ong
p
uso, nang bu
ong katap
atan, nang
tap
at sa lo
ob, nang ta
os-p
uso
heartache n. deep pain: pighati,
dalamh
ati, matinding l
ungkot
heart attack n. at
ake sa p
uso
heartless adj. 1 unfeeling: wal
ang
p
uso, wal
ang
awa 2 cruel: malupit
heat n. 1 hotness, warmth: init
2 hot weather: init 3 intensity of
feeling, excitement: silakb
o, sikl
ab,
init, kainitan 4 intensity of violence:
sidhi, kasidhi
an, init, kainitan v.
1 to make warm or hot: magpainit,

69

help
painitin, iinit 2 to become warm or
hot: uminit
heaven n. 1 place where God and
His angels live: l
angit, kalangit
an 2
God: Diy
os 3 place or condition of
greatest happiness: gl
orya, kaluwalhatian, l
angit, paraiso intj. Good
heavens!: Maawaing l
angit!
heaviness n. 1 being heavy, great
weight: big
at, kabigat
an 2 sadness:
lungk
ot, h
apis, dalamh
ati, pighati
heavy adj. 1 hard to lift or carry:
mabig
at 2 large, greater than
usual: malak
as, malaki 3 abundant:
sag
ana, napakar
ami 4 deep, e.g.,
sleep: mahimbing, mal
alim 5 hard
to endure: mahirap, mabig
at
hectare n. ten thousand square meters: ekt
arya
hedge n. a thick row of bushes or
trees planted as a fence or boundary:
b
akod na hal
aman, hal
amang b
akod,
heds, pimpin
heel n. 1 the back part of the human foot: s
akong 2 the heel of stockings (or shoes): s
akong ng medyas (o
sap
atos) 3 the part of a shoe or boot
that is under the heel: tak
ong v. to
put a heel or heels on: magtak
ong,
takung
an
height n. 1 distance above a base,
altitude: ta
as 2 highest part:
kaitaas
an, katay
ugan 3 highest
point, greatest degree: tug
atog,
karur
ukan, sukd
ulan, kasukdul
an
helicopter n. an aircraft: helik
opter
hell n. referred to as the place where
wicked persons are punished after
death: impiyerno
helmet n. a protective armor for the
head: helmet, kupy
a
help n. 1 assistance: t
ulong 2 nancial aid: ab
uloy 3 support (moral or
nancial): tangkilik, pagtangkilik
v. 1 to assist: tum
ulong, tul
ungan
2 to help in time of aiction:
dum
amay, dam
ayan 3 to avoid,
keep from: umiwas, iw
asan 4 to
support: tumangkilik, tangkilikin,

helper
kumalinga, kaling
ain 5 to lend aid,
esp. in time of danger: sumakl
olo,
saklol
ohan
helper n. a person that helps:
kat
ulong
helpless adj. 1 not able to help oneself: wal
ang k
aya 2 feeble: mahina
3 beyond remedy: wal
a nang l
unas
hem n. the edge or border of a piece
of cloth: lupi, tupi v. to fold back
and stitch down the edge: maglupi,
ilupi, lupi
an
hemorrhage n. 1 discharge of
blood from a ruptured blood vessel:
pagdurug
o, emorahiya 2 a discharge
of blood from the lungs or stomach:
paglur
a (pagsuka) ng dug
o 3 nosebleed: balinguyng
oy v. 1 to have
a hemorrhage: duguin, dinudug
o
(present tense) 2 to have a hemorrhage from the lungs or stomach:
lumur
a (sum
uka) ng dug
o 3 to
have a hemorrhage (or bleeding)
of the nose: magkabalinguyng
oy,
balinguynguyin
hen n. 1 a female domestic fowl:
inahing man
ok 2 the female of other
birds: inahin
her pron. she and her mean the
girl or woman spoken about: siy
a
adj. of her, belonging to her: kany
a,
kaniy
a
herb n. a plant with leaves that are
used for medicine , seasoning, or
food: dam
o, dam
ong gam
ot
here adv. 1 in or at this place: dito,
rito, dini, rini 2 to this place: dito,
rito 3 to come here: pumarito 4 here
it is: heto, eto, n
arito
heritage n. inheritance:
m
ana,
pam
ana, min
ana
hereditary adj. coming by inheritance: min
ana, nam
ana, nasas
alin
hermit n. one who lives insolitude or
seclusion: ermit
anyo
hero n. 1 a person distinguished for
valor: bay
ani 2 the most important
person in story or play: bida, pangun
ahing ta
uhan

70

highwayman
heroic adj. 1 very brave: magiting,
napakat
apang 2 noble: dakila
3
manifesting
heroism:
may
kabayanihan (katap
angan)
herring n. a species of sh: tamb
an,
siliny
asi, tuns
oy
hers pron. of her, belonging to her:
niy
a, kany
a, a
ri niy
a
herself pron. 1 used in place of
she: siy
a 2 her real or true self:
sarili, kany
ang sarili 3 for emphasis:
mismo, na rin
hesitate v. 1 to feel doubtful:
mag-alinl
angan 2 to hold back:
mag-atubili 3 to vacillate: magalang
an
hesitation n. 1 the act of hesitating, doubt: pag-aalinl
angan,
pag-aatubili, pag-aala
ala 2 a slight
stopping: pagkapaudl
ot, pagkaudl
ot
hiccup, hiccough n. a spasm of the
diaphragm: sin
ok
hidden adj. 1 put or kept out
of sight: t
ago, nakat
ago, kubli 2

secret, unknown: lihim, lingid

hide v. 1 to put a thing out of sight:
magt
ago, it
ago 2 to be in front
of, to shut o from sight: tumakip,
takp
an, matakp
an 3 to keep secret:
maglihim, ilihim 4 to keep ones
self out of sight: magkubli, kumubli,
magt
ago n. an animals skin, raw
or tanned: bal
at, k
atad
high adj. 1 tall: mata
as (gen. term)
2 up above the ground: mata
as,
mat
ayog 3 up above others: mata
as
4 great: dakila 5 strong: mata
as 6
high, applied to voice, high-toned:
mata
as ang b
oses 7 high, applied
to voice, shrill-sounding: matinis 8
haughty: mapagmata
as 9 high spirits, cheerfulness, gaiety: kasiglah
an,
masay
ang
kaloob
an
(kalo
oban),
pagkagal
ak
highway n.
a
public
road:
lans
angang-b
ayan, h
aywey, d
aangb
ayan
highwayman n. man who robs
travelers on the public road:

hike
manghah
arang (sa da
an), tulis
an
hike v. 1 to take a long walk:
maglak
ad ng mah
aba 2 a long walk:
paglal
akad ng mah
aba
hill n. a raised part of the earths
surface, not as big as a mountain:
bur
ol
hillock n. 1 a little hill: maliit na
bur
ol 2 a mound, such as an ant hill:
puns
o
hilltop n. the top of a hill: talukt
ok
(tukt
ok) ng bund
ok (bur
ol)
himself pron. 1 emphatic form of
he or him: siy
a mismo 2 his
own self: ang sarili, ang kany
ang
sarili
hind adj. back, rear: huli, hulih
an,
pamahulih
an
hint n.
light
sign:
pahiw
atig,
paramd
am v. 1 to suggest lightly:
magpahiw
atig, ipahiw
atig 2 to show
in an indirect way: magparamd
am,
iparamd
am
hip n. the part of the human body
below the waist: balak
ang
hire v. to pay for the use of: um
upa,
up
ahan, ipaarkil
a, umarkil
a n. 1
wages: u
pa, s
ahod, kita 2 for hire:
paupah
an, pinauup
ahan 3 pay for
the use of: u
pa, arkil
a
his pron. of him, belonging to him:
kany
a, kaniy
a, niy
a
history n. a record of past events:
kasays
ayan, ist
orya, nangy
ari
hit v. 1 to come against with force:
sumalp
ok,
masalp
ok,
salpukin,
isalp
ok, bumungg
o, mabungg
o,
bungguin,
tum
ama,
tam
aan,
matam
aan 2 to give a blow to:
humamp
as, hampasin, bumunt
al,
buntalin 3 to strike with something,
as a whip, stick, etc.: pum
alo,
pal
uin 4 to give a blow with the
st: sumunt
ok, suntukin, sumap
ok,
sapukin 5 to collide with, crash into:
bumangg
a, mabangg
a, banggain,
tumumb
ok, matumb
ok, tumbukin
n. 1 a striking against something:
bangg
a, pagbabangg
a (act of strik-

71

holder
ing one thing against another);
pagkabangg
a (manner in which
the striking against something
happened) 2 a blow: p
alo, hamp
as
3 a blow with the st: sunt
ok, sap
ok
hive n. a house for bees to live in:
b
ahay-puky
utan
hoard v. to save and store up: magtingg
al, itingg
al, magtipon (these two
words do not necessarily connote
a reprehensible form of hoarding),
magt
ago, it
ago (to hide) n.
things stored: ang nakatingg
al (itiningg
al), ang nakat
ago (itin
ago),
ang nakatipon (tinipon)
hoarse adj. having the voice deep
and rough, esp. from a cold or
overuse of the voice: mal
at, namamal
at, pa
os, namam
aos v. to
become hoarse: mam
aos, mamal
at
hoarseness n. roughness of voice:
pamam
aos, pamamal
at
hoax n. trick: lal
ang, d
aya, panlinl
ang, panlol
oko, kalok
ohan
hobby n. a favorite pastime:
lib
angan
hoe n. a tool with a small blade at
the end of a long handle: asar
ol
hog n. pig: b
aboy
hoist v. to raise on high: magta
as,
ita
as n. the act of hoisting: pagtata
as
hold n. 1 a thing to hold by:
hawak
an, tatangn
an 2 a grasp or
grip: h
awak, t
angan, k
apit, pigil
3 the act of holding: pagh
awak,
pagt
angan 4 a controlling inuence: kapangyarihan v. 1 to
grasp or clasp: hum
awak, haw
akan,
tum
angan, tangn
an (tang
anan) 2 to
contain: maglam
an 3 to hold in, to
hold back, to keep back, to restrain
oneself: magpigil, pigilin 4 to hold
o, to keep at a distance: pigilin
ang pags
ulong 5 to keep ones hold:
kum
apit, mang
apit 6 to hold up
means to keep from falling: tum
aban,
tab
anan, hum
awak, haw
akan
holder n. 1 a person who holds

hole
something: ang mayh
awak, ang
mayt
angan, ang may-
ari 2 a
container: lalagy
an, sisidl
an
hole n. 1 an open place: b
utas 2
a pit, hollow, depression: h
ukay,
lub
ak 3 an animals burrow or den:
lungg
a v. 1 to make a hole or
holes: magb
utas, but
asan, but
asin 2
to dig a hole or pit: hum
ukay
holiday n. 1 a festive day: pist
a,
piyesta 2 a vacation: bak
asyon,
pamamahing
a 3 ocial holiday:
piyesta opisy
al, pist
a opisy
al
hollow adj. 1 having nothing or
only air inside: hungk
ag 2 deep
and sunken: hump
ak, nanlal
alim,
mal
alim n. 1 a hollow place: lub
ak,
guw
ang, h
ukay 2 a hole: b
utas v.
to dig out: umuk
a, uk
ain, um
ukit,
ukitin
holy adj. 1 belonging to God, set
apart for Gods service: ban
al 2 like
a saint, very good: s
anto/a 3 worthy
of reverence: sagr
ado, pinagp
ala
Holy Communion sharing in the
Lords supper as a part of church
worship: ban
al na komuny
on, ban
al
na pakin
abang (pakikin
abang)
home n. the place where one
lives: tah
anan, b
ahay v. to go
home: umuwi (sa b
ahay o sa
sariling-b
ayan)
homely adj. suited to home life:
pantah
anan, pamb
ahay
honest adj. 1 fair and upright, just:
tap
at, matap
at 2 not lying or cheating: di-manlol
oko, di-mad
aya 3 genuine: t
unay
honey n. a thick, sweet, yellow substance made by bees: pul
ot-puky
utan
honeybee n. a bee that makes
honey: puky
utan, l
aywan
honeymoon n. the holiday spent together by a newly married couple:
pul
ot-gat
a v. to spend or have a
honeymoon: magpul
ot-gat
a
honor n. 1 restpectful regard or esteem: dang
al, karang
alan 2 dignity:
dignid
ad, karang
alan 3 reputation,

72

hose
good name: p
uri, kapurih
an 4
respect: pagg
alang v. 1 to respect:
gum
alang, ig
alang 2 to bestow
marks of honor upon: magparang
al,
parangal
an 3 to exalt, to think very
highly of: magbunyi, ipagbunyi 4
to revere and worship: sumamb
a,
sambahin
hood n. 1 head covering: talukb
ong,
kap
utsa 2 the metal covering over
the engine of an automobile: takip ng
m
akina ng
awto
hoodlum n. a rowdy ruan:
butangero, bas
ag-ulero
hook n. 1 a curved piece of metal
or wood : k
awit 2 a hook for hanging things on: sabit
an 3 a hook for
catching sh: tag
a 4 a hook for picking coconuts: kal
awit
hop v. 1 to spring, move by springing on one foot: magkandirit,
kumandirit 2 to spring, or to move
by spring, with all feet at once, to
hop over: lumuks
o, luksuhin, lu
mund
ag, lundagin, tumal
on, talunin
n. 1 a hopping with one foot:
kandirit, pagkakandirit 2 a spring:
lund
ag, paglund
ag, luks
o, pagluks
o
hope n. 1 a feeling that what you
desire will happen: pag-
asa 2 act of
hoping: pag-
asa 3 the thing hoped
for: as
ahan v. to wish and expect:
um
asa, as
ahan
hopeful adj. feeling hope: may pagasa, uma

asa
horrid adj.
terrible,
frightful:
kasind
ak-sind
ak, nakakat
akot
horse n. kab
ayo
horseback n. back of the horse:
lik
od (gul
ugod) ng kab
ayo adv. on
hoseback: nakakab
ayo
horse racing n. a race of horses:
karera ng kab
ayo
horse rider (horseman) n.
a
man who rides in horseback:
mangangab
ayo
horsewhip n. a whip for controlling
horses: l
atigo, l
atiko
hose n. 1 stockings: medyas 2 a tube

hosiery
or rubber that will bend for carrying
water: g
omang pandilig, hos, bit
uka
hosiery n. stockings: medyas
hospitable n. cordial and generous
to guests: magiliw sa mga pana
uhin,
b
ukas ang tah
anan sa mga pana
uhin
hospital n. a place for the care
of the sick and wounded: ospit
al,
pagam
utan
hostage n. a person given to another or to an enemy: prenda, bihag
na panag
ot
hot adj. 1 having much heat: mainit
2 tasting sharp, as pepper and mustard do: maangh
ang 3 eager: sabik
na sabik, masig
asig 4 hot and humid: maalins
angan
hotel n. a house or large building
that supplies rooms and food to
travelers and others: otel, hotel
hour n. a period of 60 minutes, the
time of the day:
oras
hourly adv. every hour:
oras-
oras,
b
awat
oras
house n. 1 a building in which people live: b
ahay 2 home or dwelling:
tah
anan, tir
ahan
houseboy n. muts
atso, bat
aan,
alila, utus
an
housebreaking n. entering a house
to steal: panlolo
ob
housey n. 1 l
angaw 2 to be covered
with ies: lang
awin
household n all the people living
in the house: sambahay
an.
housekeeper n. a woman who manages a home: tagapangasiwa, tagapangal
agang b
ahay
housekeeping n.
housework:
trab
ahong-pamb
ahay,
gaw
aing
b
ahay
housewarming n. a party given
when the family moves into a house
for the rst time: pasin
aya sa
b
agong b
ahay
housewife n. 1 a woman who is the
head of a household: mayb
ahay, in
a
ng tah
anan 2 housekeeper: tagapangasiwa ng b
ahay, t
aong-b
ahay

73

hunt
hovel n. 1 a house that is small,
mean and unpleasant: b
arungb
arong, damp
a 2 a small cube hut:
k
ubo
how adv. 1 in what way: pa
ano 2
to what degree or amount: ga
ano,
magk
ano 3 in what condition: an
o
ang lag
ay, kumust
a 4 how many: il
an
5 how much: magk
ano
however adv. 1 nevertheless: gay
on
man, gayunm
an, gay
on pa man 2 to
whatever degree or amount: ga
ano
man, gaanum
an, k
ahit na, kul
ob na,
kul
ob .... man 3 in whatever way:
pa
ano man
hug n. a tight clasp or embrace:
yap
os, y
akap v. to put the arms
around and hold close: yumap
os,
yapusin, yum
akap, yak
apin
huge adj. very, very large: pagkalakilaki, napakalaki, malaking-malaki
humid adj. 1 moist: bas
a-bas
a,
malagihay 2 damp: halumigmig,
mahalumigmig, umido, maumido
humidity n. moistness in the air: kahalumigmig
an, kaumiduh
an
humiliate v. to oend the pride,
dignity or self respect: manghiy
a,
humiy
a,
hiyain,
mangh
amak,
ham
akin, hum
amak
humility n. humbleness: kabab
aang
lo
ob, kapakumbaba
an
humor n.
1
funny
quality:
katatawan
an,
pampataw
a,
pagpapataw
a, pampat
awa 2 sense of
h
umor: ug
aling mapagpataw
a
hunch n. a feeling or suspicion
without conscious reasoning: kut
ob,
hin
uha, sapant
aha, a
gam-
agam
hunchback n. one having an abnormally humped back: k
uba
hundred n. the cardinal number
written 100: siyento, da
an
hundred thousand n. y
uta, da
ang
libo
hungry adj. 1 feeling a desire or
need for food: gut
om 2 eager: sabik
v. to have a feeling of hunger:
mag
utom

hunter
hunt n. 1 a search, an attempt:
pagh
anap, paghahan
ap 2 hunting for
wild game: pamamaril, pangang
aso
v. 1 to chase for food or for fun:
mamaril, mang
aso 2 to search, to
seek: maghan
ap, han
apin
hunter n. one who hunts game: mamam
aril, mangang
aso
hurricane n. 1 tropical cyclone, a
typhoon: bagy
o 2 a storm: un
os
hurl v. 1 to throw with much force:
magpuk
ol, pumuk
ol, ipuk
ol, pukulin,
magh
agis, ih
agis, hagisin 2 to hurl a
spear, to spear: sumib
at, sibatin
hurry n. hurried movement or
action: pagmamadali v. 1 magmadali, mag-apur
a, magtum
ulin 2
to hasten: daliin, madaliin, dalidaliin, apurahin 3 to urge another
to hurry up: papagmadaliin
hurt n. a cut or bruise: s
ugat, pas
a
v. 1 to cause injury or pain
to: sumakit, makasakit, sakt
an,
sum
ugat, masug
atan, makas
ugat
2 to suer or feel pain: sumakit,
kumir
ot 3 to hurt ones reputation:
sir
aan ng p
uri, sir
aan ang p
uri
husband n. man who has a wife:
as
awa
husk n. 1 the dry outer covering of
certain seeds or fruits: u
pak, tal
upak
2 coconut husk: bun
ot v. 1 to
remove the husk: mag-
upak, up
akan,
magtal
upak, talup
akan, magt
alop,
tal
upan 2 to husk coconuts: mag-alis
(alis
an) ng bun
ot, tal
upan, bunut
an
3 to polish a oor with a coconut
husk: magbun
ot ng sahig, bunutin
ang sahig
hut n. a small, roughly made house:
k
ubo, b
arung-b
arong
hydrant n. a large pipe with a valve
for drawing water: b
oka-insendiy
o
hymn n. a song in praise or honor of
God: himno, a
wit, dalit
hyphen n. a mark connecting words
or syllables: gitling
hypocrite n. 1 a person who
puts on a false appearance of

74

idol
goodness or religion: t
aong nagpapakunwari ng ban
al (mab
uti),
ip
okrita, pagkukunwari 2 a pretender: t
aong mapagkunwari, t
aong
mapagpangg
ap (mapagpaimbab
aw)
hysterical adj. unnaturally excited:
isteriko/a

I
ice n. water made solid by cold:
yelo v. to make cool with ice:
mag-el
ado, elad
uhin
ice cream n. sorbetes, aiskrim,
ayskrim

ice cream cone n.

apa
icing n. a covering of cake: aising,
aysing, matamis sa ib

abaw ng keik
idea n. 1 mental image, opinion:
k
uru-k
uro, palag
ay, opiny
on, idey
a
2 plan: b
alak, ideya
ideal adj. worthy of imitation:
huw
aran n. 1 a model to be imitated: huw
aran, ulir
an 2 ultimate
object of ones ambition: mithi,
minimithi, pinakamimithi
identical adj. 1 the very same, the
very one: Use ang or siya for
emphasis 2 exactly alike: magkamukh
a, magkat
ulad, magka
uri,
magkapareho
identication n. something used
to identify a person or thing:
mapagkilanl
an,
pagkakakilanl
an,
palatand
aan
idiot n. a stupid person: tang
a,
hang
al, tulal
a, idy
ota, g
ago/a
idle adj. 1 not doing anything:
wal
ang ginagaw
a, nakatigil 2 lazy:
tam
ad, bat
ugan 3 not being used:
hindi ginag
amit 4 useless: wal
ang
says
ay, wal
ang kuwenta, wal
ang
kabuluh
an v. 1 to waste time
(spent in idleness): mag-aksay
a, aksayahin 2 to be idle, to do nothing:
hindi magtrab
aho, hindi gumaw
a
idol n. 1 a thing, usually an image
that is worshipped: Diy
us-diy
usan,

if
anito, idolo 2 a person or thing that
is loved very much: idolo
if conj. 1 in case that: kung, kap
ag 2
if not: kundi, kung hindi
ignite v. 1 to set on re: magpaap
oy, pag-apuyin, magpaningas,
paning
asin 2 to burst into ame:
sumikl
ab
ignorant adj. 1 destitute of education or knowledge, illiterate:
mangm
ang, wal
ang pinag-ar
alan,
wal
ang edukasy
on 2 unacquainted,
unaware: wal
ang nalal
aman, wal
ang
pagkaal
am,
wal
ang
kabatiran,
wal
ang pagkabatid 3 manifesting
innocence of facts or immaturity,
immature: wal
ang m
alay
ignore v. to pay no attention to:
huw
ag pansinin, magwal
ang-bah
ala,
huw
ag intindihin, bay
aan, pabay
aan
ill adj. 1 not well, sick: may sakit,
may karamd
aman 2 bad: masam
a
adv. badly: masam
a, hindi mab
uti
illegal adj. against the law: lab
ag sa
bat
as, ileg
al
illegitimate adj. born of unmarried
parents: an
ak sa lab
as, an
ak sa
pagkakas
ala
ill-fated adj. 1 having a bad fate or
end: may masam
ang suwerte, wal
ang
suwerte, k
ulang-p
alad, wal
ang p
alad
2 bringing bad luck, unlucky: m
alas
ill feeling (s) n. unfriendly disposition, ill will: sam
a ng lo
ob, hinanakit
illiterate adj. 1 unable to read
or write: hindi (di) makab
asat
makas
ulat, mangm
ang, hindi (di)
nag-
aral 2 unable to read: di
makab
asa 3 not educated, not
cultured:
wal
ang
pinag-ar
alan,
ignor
ante
illness n. 1 sickness, poor health:
sakit, karamd
aman 2 being sick:
pagkakasakit
illusion n. 1 false idea: maling
ak
ala, maling h
aka-h
aka 2 mistaken perception: guniguni
illustrate v. to make clear or
explain by stories, examples,etc:

75

impatient
maglar
awan, ilar
awan, magpakita,

ipakita
imagination n. 1 the power of
forming pictures in the mind of
things not present to the senses:
imahinasy
on, guniguni 2 a creation
of the mind, a fancy: likh
ang-isip,
guniguni, hin
agap, gaw
a-gaw
aan
imagine v. 1 to form a picture in
the mind: hag
apin, gunigunihin,
ilar
awan sa isip 2 to think, suppose
or fancy: magpalag
ay, ipalag
ay
mag-ak
ala, akal
ain
immature adj. 1 not fully developed: bat
a pa , m
ura pa, wal
a pa
sa g
ulang 2 not ripe: hil
aw
immediate adj. coming at once:
kagy
at, madali, m
adalian
immediately adv. at once: ag
ad,
ag
ad-ag
ad, kaag
ad, dagli
immigration n. coming into a
country or region to live: imigrasy
on, pandaray
uhan (sa ib
ang
bans
a o lug
ar)
imitate v. 1 to try to be like, to
follow the example of: tum
ulad,
tul
aran, pum
aris, parisan 2 to
take as a model to be imitated:
uliranin, huwar
an 3 to act like:
gum
aya, gay
ahin, mangg
aya, gumag
ad, gagarin, manggag
ad 4 to
copy: kum
opya, kopyahin, tum
ulad,
tul
aran 5 to reproduce: humuw
ad,
huwar
an 6 to be like, look like:
magmukh
a
imitation n. 1 imitating: pagg
aya,
panggag
aya, pagt
ulad, panun
ulad,
pagp
aris, paghuw
ad, panghuhuw
ad
2 a copy: imitasy
on, k
opya,
pagkakat
ulad adj. not real: hindi
t
unay, huw
ad, palsipik
ado
immune adj. 1 not susceptible:
hindi tinatabl
an o kinakapitan 2
exempt: ligt
as, libre
impact n. a striking of one thing
against another, collision: bangg
a,
bangg
aan, pagbabangg
aan, salp
ok,
salp
ukan, pagsalp
ok, pagsasalp
ukan,
t
ama, pagtat
ama, bags
ak, lagp
ak

impeach
impatient adj. 1 not patient, not
willing to bear delay, pain, bother,
etc.: wal
ang pasensiya, mainipin,
wal
ang tiyag
a 2 restless: hindi
(di, di-) mapalag
ay o mapakali
3 showing irritability: bugn
ot,
nabubugn
ot, yam
ot, nayayam
ot 4 to
be impatient: mawal
an ng tiyag
a,
mainip, mawal
an ng pasensiya,
mayam
ot
impeach v. to charge with misconduct in oce before a tribunal:
ang mata
as
is
akdal (usigin) ang is
na pin
uno ng pamahal
aan d
ahil sa
pagkuk
ulang sa tungk
ulin
impediment n. a hindrance, obstacle: hadl
ang, sag
abal, bal
akid
implement n. useful article or
equipment, instrument, utensil:
kasangk
apan, g
amit v. to carry
out, get done: magsagaw
a, isagaw
a,
magsakatup
aran, isakatup
aran
implicate v. to involve: magsangak
ot, magd
amay
important adj. 1 meaning much:
mahalag
a 2 of signicance or
consequence: makabuluh
an
importer n. a merchant or company that imports goods: imp
orter,
importad
or, mang-aangk
at
impossible adj. 1 that cannot be:
hindi (di, di-) maa
ari, imposible 2
that cannot happen: hindi (di, di) mangyay
ari 3 not possible to use:
hindi (di, di-) magag
amit 4 not possible to be done: hindi (di, di-) magagaw
a, hindi (di, di-) matutup
ad 5
very hard to understand or get along
with (coll.): n
apakahirap unaw
ain
impotent adj. 1 not having power
or strength: wal
ang k
aya, wal
ang kapangyarihan 2 helpless, weak: in
util,
wal
ang lak
as, mahina
impregnate v. 1 to make pregnant,
to fertilize: papagbinhiin, papagbuntisin, papaglamnin 2 to ll with:
punuin
impression n. 1 an eect produced
by a person: pagkakil
ala, im-

76

income
presy
on 2 an idea, notion or belief:
sapant
aha, paniw
ala, palag
ay 3 a
mark or print: bak
as, tat
ak, m
arka
imprint n. 1 a mark made by pressure, print: bak
as, mark
a, tat
ak 2 a
moral impression: bisa v. 1 to impress: magkint
al, makint
al, ikint
al,
mabak
as 2 to stamp: magtat
ak,
tatak
an 3 to print: maglimb
ag,
ag
limbagin, ilimb
imprisonment n. an imprisoning: pagbibilangg
o, pagkukul
ong,
pagpipiit
improve v. to make better: magpab
uti, mapab
uti, pabutihin
impulsive adj. acting upon impulse:
pabigl
a-bigl
a, mapus
ok
in prep. 1 sa 2 is in: n
asa 3 inside:
n
asa lo
ob, sa lo
ob ng
in as much as conj. 1 in so far
as: y
amang, yay
amang, gay
on din
l
amang 2 because: d
ahil sa, sapagk
at
inaugurate v. to install in oce
with a ceremony: magtalag
a sa
tungk
ulin, pasinay
aan
inborn adj. instinctive, born in a
person: lik
as, katut
ubo
inch n. measure of a length equal to
one twelfth of a foot: pulg
ada, d
ali
incident n. an event, happening:
pangyay
ari
incidental adj. 1 occuring by
chance: kata
on, di-sinasady
a 2
happening in connection with
something else: kaugn
ay, nauugn
ay
incision n. 1 a cut made in something: hiwa 2 act of incising:
paghiwa, pagtistis, pag-
opera
inclined adj. 1 willing, tending,
favorable: napapahilig, nagkakaibig,
naiibigan, nagkakagust
o, mahilig,
magust
uhin, nahihiligan 2 sloping:
nakahilig, hilig, nakah
apay, h
apay,
nakakiling,
kiling,
nakatagilid,
tagilid
include v. to consist of: sumakl
aw,
saklawin, sum
akop, sak
upin
including adv. part or member:
kabilang, kas
ama, pati

incoming
income n. what comes in from property, business, labor: kita, kinita
incoming adj.
coming
in:
pumap
asok, pap
asok, papas
ok,
dumarat
ing, darat
ing.
increase v. 1 to increase in number:
dum
ami, magpar
ami, damihan,
paramihin 2 to become or make
greater in size: lumaki, lakih
an,
lakh
an, palakihin 3 to increase in
intensity (often rendered by pa-in
verbs): pabilisin, 4 to increase in
strength:
lumak
as, magpalak
as,
palakasin 5 to increase in weight:
bumig
at, magpabig
at, pabigatin 6 to
increase by adding to: magdagd
ag,
dagdag
an, maragdag
an n. 1
addition, amount added: dagd
ag,
karagd
agan 2 the act of increasing
in size: pagpapalaki 3 increase in
number: pagpapar
ami 4 increase
in speed: pagbilis, pagpapabilis,
pagt
ulin, pagpapat
ulin 5 increase in
weight: pagpapabig
at 6 increase in
height: pagpapata
as 7 increase by
adding to: pagdaragd
ag
indebted adj. 1 owing money: may
u
tang (pagkaka
utang) 2 owing gratitude: may u
tang na lo
ob
indecent adj.
immodest,
vulgar: masagw
a, mah
alay, bast
os,
malasw
a, magasl
aw
indeed adv. 1 in fact: sa katotoh
anan, sa katun
ayan 2 really:
talag
a nga, toto
o nga interj.
expression of surprise: talag
a, tun
ay,
toto
o
indenite adj. not precise: wal
ang
katiy
akan, hindi tiy
ak
independent adj.
1
needing,
wishing, or getting no help from
others, not depending on others:
sarili, nagsasarili, hindi (di, di-)
uma
asa sa ib
a 2 guiding, ruling,
or governing ones self, not under
anothers rule: nagsasarili, mal
aya,
may kasarinl
an 3 inuenced by or
resentful of advice or assistance:
mapagsarili n. 1 an independent

77

industry
person: independiyente, mal
aya 2
act of being independent: pagsasarili
independence n. freedom from
control,
support
or
inuence
of others: kasarinl
an, kalay
aan,
pagsasarili
indicate v. 1 to point out: magt
uro,
it
uro 2 to show, make known: magpakita, ipakita, magpakil
ala, ipakil
ala
3 to be a sign of: magpahiw
atig,
ipahiw
atig, maging palatand
aan
indigent adj.
poor,
destitute:
dukh
a, maralit
a, mahirap
indigestion n. the ability to digest
food: imp
atso, di pagkat
unaw ng
pagk
ain
indignation n. anger at something
unworthy, unjust or mean: g
alit,
pagkag
alit, ngitngit, pagngingitngit
indigo n. blue dye: tinang as
ul
indisposition n. 1 slight illness:
kaunting karamd
aman, pamimig
at
ng kataw
an, masam
ang pakiramd
am, pananaml
ay (katamlay
an)
ng kataw
an 2 unwillingness: kawal
an
ng gust
o, kawal
an ng g
ana
individual n. a person: t
ao adj. 1
belonging to or marking o one person or thing specially: sarili 2 single,
separate, for one only: pang-is
a, par
a
sa is
a, par
a sa b
awat is
a
indolent adj. lazy: tam
ad, bat
ugan,
matig
as ang kataw
an
indulgence n. 1 showing too much
kindness: pagpapal
ayaw, l
abis na
pagbibig
ay 2 in the Roman Catholic
Church, remission of the punishment
still due to sin after the guilt has
been forgiven: indulhensiya, pagpapat
awad sa par
usang d
apat kamt
an
(dan
asin) pagkat
apos mapat
awad
na ang kasal
anan 3 an excessive indulging of ones pleasure:
pagpapakal
abis,
pagpapakas
awa,
pagpapakal
ayaw 4 favor, privilege:
kagand
ahang-lo
ob, pribilehiyo
industry n. 1 any branch of
business, trade or manufacture:
ind
ustriya 2 steady eort: sipag,

inexpensive
kasip
agan, sikap, pagsisikap, tiyag
a
pagtitiyag
a 3 useful labor: trab
aho,
gaw
ain, hanapb
uhay
inexpensive adj. 1 not expensive
or costly: hindi (di, di-) mah
al
o mamah
alin 2 cheap: m
ura,
mumurahin
infant n. 1 a babe, very young child:
sangg
ol, paslit, musm
os 2 a child:
b
ata adj. 1 sangg
ol 2 in an early
stage, just beginning to develop:
b
agong nagsisimul
a, b
agong tat
ag,
bat
a pa, b
ago pa l
amang
infection n. 1 a causing of disease in people or animals by the
introduction of germs: impeksiy
on,
pagkah
awa 2 a disease caused in
this way: impeksiy
on 3 inuence,
feeling, or idea spreading from one
to another: pagkah
awa
inammation n. localized redness,
swelling or pain: pamamag
a, pamumul
a
ination n. the increase of currency
of a country by issuing too much paper money: implasy
on, paglalab
as ng
l
abis na salapi
inuenza n. acute, contagious disease like a bad cold: trangk
aso, u,
impluwenza
inform v. 1 to supply with knowledge: ipaal
am, magpabatid, pabatir
an, ipabatid 2 to tell: mags
abi,
sabihin 3 to give notice of: magpatalast
as, ipatalast
as, magpabatid 4 to
acquaint with a fact: magbig
ay-al
am,
ipagbig
ay-al
am
informal adj. 1 not formal, without
ceremony: imporm
al, hindi (di, di-)
porm
al, wal
ang pormalid
ad 2 as used
in common talk: t
ayu-t
ayo, a
tin-
atin
information n. 1 knowledge, facts:
kaalam
an, kabatir
an, kabatiran 2

news: balita
informative adj. informing, teaching or imparting knowledge: nakapagtut
uro, nagbibig
ay kabatiran
ingredient n. one of the parts of a
mixture: sangk
ap, panangk
ap, sah
og,

78

innocent
panah
og, rik
ado, panrik
ado
inhale v. to draw (air, etc.) into the
lungs through the nose: lumangh
ap,
langhapin, sumamy
o, samyuin
inherit v. 1 to receive as an heir:
magm
ana, man
ahin, mam
ana 2 to
get or possess from ones ancestors:
magm
ana, mam
ana, man
ahin
inheritance n. 1 inheriting: pagmam
ana, pagkam
ana
2 thing
inherited: m
ana, pam
ana
initiative n. 1 readiness and ability
to be the one to start a thing: k
usa,
pagkuk
usa 2 taking the rst steps in
any undertaking: pangung
una, pagpapasim
uno
inject v. to force liquid, medicine,
etc., into a cavity, passage or
tissue: mag-iniksiy
on, iniksiyun
an,
magtur
ok, turuk
an
injunction n. 1 a command, order:
u
tos, pag-u
utos, a
tas 2 a formal order from the court requiring someone to do or not to do something:
atas (

utos) ng huk
uman sa pagpapatup
ad
injure v. 1 to hurt: sumakit,
manakit,
masakt
an,
sakt
an,
man
ugat, sug
atan 2 to injure
the reputation: manira (ng p
uri),
sir
ain (ang p
uri), sir
aan (ng p
uri)
3 to do wrong to: magpah
amak,
ipah
amak, magpasam
a, pasamain
4 damaged, weakened: masalant
a,
sinalant
a
injury n. harm, hurt, damage:
pins
ala, kapinsal
aan, kasama
an
ink n. a liquid used for writing or
printing: tinta v. to put ink on,
mark or stain with ink: magtinta,
tintah
an,
tintahin,
maglag
ay
(lagy
an) ng tint
a
innate adj.
inborn,
natural:
katut
ubo, lik
as
inner adj. inside: panlo
ob, sa lo
ob,
sa d
akong lo
ob
innermost adj. lo
ob na lo
ob,
pinakalo
ob, kalo
ob-lo
oban
innocent adj. 1 doing no wrong

innuendo
or evil, not guilty: wal
ang s
ala,
wal
ang kasal
anan 2 without knowledge of evil: wal
ang m
alay, wal
ang
kamalay
an, inosente
innuendo n. an indirect hint:
parungit,
pasaring,
parinig,
patuts
ada
inoculate v. to introduce a virus
or germs of a disease in the body
in order to immunize: magbak
una,
bakun
ahan
inquire v. 1 to ask for or about:
magtan
ong, itan
ong 2 to investigate:
magsiy
asat, siyas
atin 3 to nd out
(investigate in an informal sense):
mag-usisa, usis
ain
insane adj. foolish, crazy: l
oko/a,
baliw, sir
a ang u
lo, sir
a ang bait,
ul
ol
insect n. a small animal with three
segmented body: insekto, kulisap
insecticide n. substance for killing
insects: pamat
ay-kulisap, pamat
ay
insekto
insert v. 1 to put in: magp
asok,
ip
asok, magsu
ot, isu
ot 2 to put in
between: magsingit, isingit, magipit, iipit 3 to put inside: magpalo
ob,
ipalo
ob 4 to put or place among
other things, to include: mags
ama,
is
ama, maglakip, ilakip
inside n. 1 the part within, the inner
surface: lo
ob 2 the contents: lam
an,
nilalam
an adj. being on the inside, secret: nakat
ayo, lihim adv.
within, in the inner part: sa lo
ob
prep. in: n
asa lo
ob
insignia n. distinguishing marks
of oce or of honor: mga tand
a,
sagisag, insigniya
insist v. to keep rmly to some
demand, statement, or position:
magpilit, ipilit, pilitin, maggiit,
igiit adj. insisting: mapilit,
mapagpumilit, mapaggiit
inspect v. 1 to look at carefully:
mag-s
uri, suriin 2 to examine
formally or ocially: magsiy
asat,
siyas
atin, mag-inspeksiy
on, mag-

79

insurance
s
uri, suriin, mag-bisita, bisit
ahin
inspector n. a person who inspects:
inspekt
or, ispekt
or
inspiration n. inuence of thought
and feelings on good actions: inspirasy
on, pampasigl
a
inspire v. 1 to put thought, feeling,
life, force: magbig
ay (bigy
an) ng
inspirasy
on, magbig
ay-b
uhay 2 to
cause or awaken thought or feeling:
pum
ukaw, makap
ukaw, puk
awin
install v. 1 to place a person in
oce with ceremonies: mag-up
o,
paupuin, iup
o sa katungk
ulan,
maglukl
ok, magpanump
a, magtalag
a 2 to connect: magkabit, ikabit,
kabit
an, mag-instal
a, instalah
an
instant n. 1 a moment of time: sandali, saglit 2 present: kasaluk
uyan
adj. 1 immediate: kagy
at, ag
ad,
bigl
a, dagli, madali 2 pressing, urgent: madalian
instantly adv. ag
ad, kaag
ad, ag
adag
ad, pagd
aka, kapagd
aka, bigl
a,
kagy
at
instead adv. 1 in place of: sa halip 2
in (my, her, your, etc) place: sa halip
instruct v. 1 to teach: magt
uro,
tur
uan, it
uro 2 to direct: magatas, at

asan, i
atas, magtagubilin,
tagubilinan, itagubilin
instruction n. 1 teaching: t
uro,
pagtut
uro, a
ral 2 instructions
often means directions or orders:
tagubilin, a
tas, u
tos, kautus
an
instrument n.
tool,
device:
kasangk
apan, g
amit, kagamit
an,
instrumento
insucient adj. not enough: hindi
sap
at o hust
o, k
ulang, kap
os
insult v. to treat with gross
contempt: magh
amak, ham
akin,
mang-alipust
a, alipustahin, mangins
ulto,
ins
ultuhin,
mandust
a,
dustain n. an insulting speech
or action: ins
ulto, pag-alipust
a,
pagh
amak, pagl
ait, pagdust
a
insurance n. an amount of money
for which a person or thing is in-

intelligent
sured: seg
uro
intelligent adj. having quickness of
understanding, endowed with intellect: mar
unong, matalino, mat
alas
ang isip
intend v. 1 to plan: magb
alak,
bal
akin, magtangk
a, tangkain 2 to
design or destine for or to: mag-
ukol,
i
ukol, magla
an, ila
an
intended adj. 1 meant: hang
ad, hinahang
ad, l
ayon, nilal
ayon 2 intentional, designed, planned: sinady
a,
sin
asadya, kin
usa, kinuk
usa n.
an intended husband or wife (coll):
ang magiging as
awa, ang mapapangas
awa, n
obyo/a
intensity n. 1 extreme degree,
greatness: tindi, katindih
an, sidhi,
kasidhi
an 2 great vigor, strength:
lak
as, kalakas
an
intensive adj. deep and thorough:
masidhi, masinsinan
intentionally adv. with intention,
on purpose: sinasady
a, sinady
a,
tinitikis, tikis, kinuk
usa, kin
usa,
k
usa
interest n. 1 a feeling of wanting
to know, do or own, or share in:
interes, hilig, malas
akit, pagkagust
o,
pagkawili 2 advantage, prot, benet: kapakinab
angan, kapakan
an,
kabutihan 3 a share in property or
business: puh
unan, pamumuh
unan
4 money paid for the use of money:
interes, pakin
abang, t
ubo, pat
ubo
v. 1 to excite curiosity, attention:
um
akit, ma
akit, akitin 2 to hold the
attention of: mawili 3 to bear interest: tum
ubo, magt
ubo 4 to charge
interest: magpat
ubo, patub
uan
interior n. inside, inner surface or
part: lo
ob, d
akong lo
ob adj. 1 inner, on the inside: panlo
ob 2 having
to do with the aairs within a country, domestic: panlo
ob
interment n.
burial:
libing,
paglilibing
internal adj. 1 inner, inside: n
asa
lo
ob, panlo
ob 2 having to do with

80

introduce
aairs within a country, domestic:
panlo
ob
international adj.
between
or
among nations: pandaigdig, internasyon
al
interpret v. 1 to explain the meaning of: magpaliw
anag, ipaliw
anag 2
to give a meaning to: magpakahulug
an, ipakahulug
an, pakahulug
an
interpreter n. a person who interprets: tagapags
alin, tagas
alin (sa
ib
ang wika)
interrupt v. 1 to hinder, to
break in on: umab
ala, makaab
ala,
abal
ahin, gumamb
ala, gambal
ain
2 to stop: humint
o, mahint
o,
ihint
o, pahintuin 3 to break in on a
conversation: sumab
ad, makisab
ad
interval n. 1 time or space between:
pagitan, patl
ang 2 now and then:
paminsan-minsan 3 here and there:
dini at do
on, salit-salit
intervene v. 1 to come in between:
pumagitan 2 to come in to help settle
a dispute: mamagitan, pamagit
anan,
makial
am
interview v. to visit and talk with:
makipag-panay
am,
makipanay
am,
kapanayamin n. a meeting, generally of two people to talk over
something special: pakikipanay
am
intestine n. a part of the bowels:
bit
uka
intimacy n. a close acquaintance or
friendship: pagpapalag
ayang-lo
ob
into prep. to the inside of: sa, sa lo
ob
ng
intoxicated adj. drunk: lasing,
lang
o
intrepid adj. 1 fearless: wal
ang
t
akot, bu
o ang lo
ob, wal
ang
g
ulat, hindi (di, di-) nagug
ulat,
mat
apang 2 very brave: napakat
apang
intrepidity n. fearlessness, great
courage: katap
angan, kawal
an ng
t
akot, kawal
ang-t
akot, kabuu
an ng
lo
ob, kawal
ang-g
ulat
introduce v. 1 to bring into use:

invade
magp
asok, ip
asok 2 to make known,
bring into acquaintance with:
magpakil
ala, ipakil
ala 3 to bring forward: maghar
ap, ihar
ap, magp
asok,
ip
asok, magpanuk
ala panukal
ain 4
to begin: mag-umpis
a, umpisah
an,
magsimul
a, pasimul
an, simul
an
invade v. 1 to attack, to enter with
force or as an enemy: lum
usob,
lus
ubin, sumal
akay, salak
ayin 2 to
enter in great numbers: dumags
a,
dagsa
an 3 to interfere with, encroach upon: makial
am, pakialam
an,
manghim
asok, panghimas
ukan 4
to violate: lumab
ag, labagin, lumapast
angan, lapastang
anin
invalid n. 1 a sickly person:
masasakting t
ao 2 disabled person:
t
aong salant
a ang kataw
an
invasion n.
act
of
invading:
pagsal
akay, pagl
usob
invent v. 1 to make or think out
something new: umimbento, magimbento,
imbentuhin,
lumikh
a,

likhain 2 to make up: lumikh

a,
likhain, kumath
a, kathain
invest v. to use money to produce
prot: mamuh
unan, puhun
anin, pamumuh
unan
investigation n. 1 a detailed or
careful examination: pagsisiy
asat,
imbestigasy
on 2 a judicial investigation: paglilitis, pag-u
usig 3 scientic
investigation: pagsus
uri
investment n. committing money
to gain prot: pamumuh
unan,
pangangapit
al
invitation n. 1 a request to come
to some place or to do something:
any
aya, paany
aya, imbitasy
on 2 act
of inviting: pag-aany
aya, pag-imbit
a,
pag-iimbit
a
invite v. 1 to ask someone politely
to come to some place or to do
something: mag-any
aya, anyay
ahan
2 to attract, to tempt: manghalina,
humalina, makahalina, halin
ahin,
mang-
akit, um
akit, maka
akit, akitin
involve v. 1 to have as a neces-

81

its
sary part, to take in, to include:
mabilang, kabil
angan 2 to implicate, to draw into a complication:
magsangk
ot, masangk
ot, ikasangk
ot,
isangk
ot,
magd
awit,
mad
awit,
ikad
awit, id
awit 3 to entangle,
to complicate: gumul
o, guluhin,
magpagul
o, paguluhin, gumus
ot,
gusutin, magpagus
ot, pagusutin
iron n. 1 the strong, cheap metal
from which steel is made: b
akal 2
an implement to press clothing:
pl
antsa, prinsa v. to press with an
iron: mamal
antsa, plantsahin
ironing board n. kab
ayo
irreverent adj.
disrespectful:
wal
ang g
alang, wal
ang pit
agan,
lapast
angan
irrigation n. supplying land with
water from ditches, irrigating:
pat
ubig
irritate v. 1 to make one angry:
mangg
alit,
makag
alit,
ikag
alit,
galitin 2 to annoy: mangyam
ot,
makayam
ot, yamutin, mang-inis,
makainis, inisin
island n. 1 a body of land surrounded by water: pul
o, isla 2 a
group of islands: kapulu
an
issue n. 1 point of contention: paks
a
2 problem: suliranin 3 a copy of a
newspaper: lab
as, bilang
it pron. the thing, part, animal or
person spoken about: No literal
equivalent, but expressed by iy
on,
iy
an (that) or by it
o (this)
itch n. 1 a tickly, prickling feeling in
the skin: kati, pangangati 2 restless,
uneasy longing or desire for anything: hindi (di, di-) pagkapalag
ay,
(di, di-) pagkakakali v. 1 to cause
itchy feeling in the skin: magpakati,
makapangati, pakatihin 2 to feel
itchy in the skin: kumati, mangati,
pangatih
an 3 to be restless with any
desire: hindi (di, di-) mapalag
ay o
m
apakali
its pron. No specic Tagalog equivalent. Nit
o, Niy
on, meaning of this,

jack

82

of that are used

J
jack n. a tool or machine for lifting
or pushing up heavy weights: diy
ak
v. to jack or to jack up, to lift or
push with a jack: magdiy
ak, diyakin,
diyak
an, mag-ang
at (angatin) ng
diy
ak
jacket n. short coat: diy
aket
jackfruit n. langk
a, nangk
a
jail n. prison: bilangg
uan, bilibid,
piitan, kul
ungan,kulung
an, kalab
oso,
preso v. to put in jail: magbilangg
o, mabilangg
o, ibilangg
o,
mabilibid,
ibilibid,
magbilibid,
magkalab
os, makalab
os, ikalab
os
jam (1) v. 1 to press or squeeze
tightly between surfaces (commonly
used in the passive): maipit, mapasingit 2 to push or thrust a thing
hard into a place: magsiksik, isiksik,
siksik
an, magp
asak, ip
asak, pas
akan
3 to become caught so that it cannot work, as a machine, stick fast:
magpaly
a, pumaly
a 4 to ll or block
up the way by crowding: magbar
a,
bumar
a, makabar
a, mabarah
an,
barah
an, hum
arang, makah
arang,
mahar
angan, har
angan
jam (2) n. a preserve of fruit boiled
thick with sugar: diy
am, halay
a
janitor n. person hired to take care
of a building, oce, etc.: diy
anitor
January n. the rst month of the
year: Enero
jar n. 1 a large earthenware vessel
for holding water: tap
ayan 2 glass
jar for jellies or jams: garap
on 3 a
native earthen jar for holding water:
bang
a 4 a large china jar: g
usi
5 a harsh, grating noise: garalg
al
v. 1 to make a harsh, grating
noise: magpagaralg
al, gumaralg
al,
pagaralgalin 2 to cause to shake or
vibrate: magpaal
og, maal
og, alugin,
paalugin, magpayanig, mapayanig,

join
yanigin, payanigin
jaw n. the lower part of the face:
pang
a
jaywalker n. one who crosses a
street without observing trac
regulations: t
aong bum
abagtas sa
da
an nang lab
ag sa bat
as ng tr
apiko
jealous adj. 1 fearful that somebody you love may prefer someone
else to you: naninibugh
o, sel
osa/o,
nagseselos 2 envious: nananaghili,
naiinggit
jealousy n. 1 dislike or fear of
rivals: panibugh
o, paninibugh
o,
selos, pagseselos 2 envy: panaghili,
pananaghili, inggit, kainggit
an,
pagkainggit
jeep n. a small but powerful automobile used by the army: diyip
jest n. 1 a joke: biro, tuks
o 2 fun:
tuw
a, pagkatuw
a, katuw
aan 3
the act of poking fun at: pagbiro,
pagbibir
o, pagtuks
o, panunuks
o v.
to poke fun at, to joke: magbir
o,
bir
uin, manuks
o, tuksuhin
jet n. a stream of water, steam,
gas or any liquid sent with force,
esp. from a small opening: sagitsit,
tiland
oy, tilar
ok
Jew n. Hudy
o
jewel n. 1 a valuable ornament to
be worn, esp. one set with precious
stones: al
ahas, hiy
as 2 a precious
stone: mamah
aling bat
o 3 a person
or thing that is very precious:
muty
a, y
aman, kayam
anan
job n. 1 a denite piece of work:
trab
aho, gaw
ain, ginagaw
a 2 work,
business, employment: trab
aho,
gaw
ain, hanapb
uhay, empleo, mapapas
ukan 3 anything a person has to
do: tungk
ulin
jog n. a slow walk or trot: yagy
ag,
p
aso v. to stir up ones own or
another persons memory: puk
awin
(gisingin, buh
ayin) ang ala
ala
join v. 1 to connect, e.g. two loose
ends: magkabit, kumabit, ikabit,
pagkabitin, magdugt
ong, pagdug-

joint
tungin, idugt
ong 2 to unite, to
make one: mag-is
a, pag-isahin 3 to
become a member of a society, club,
etc.: sum
api, makis
api, um
anib,
maki
anib 4 to take part in with
others: sum
ali, is
ali, makis
ama,
makiis
a 5 to come into the company of: sum
ama, makis
ama 6
to join forces: magtulung
an n.
place or line of joining: dugt
ong,
pagdugtung
an, sugp
ong, hugp
ong
joint n. 1 the place at which two
things are joined together: dugt
ong,
pinagdugtung
an 2 the parts where
two bones are joined and move on
one another: kasukas
uan adj.
shared by two or more: magkas
ama,
pinags
ama, magkatamb
al, pinagtamb
al, magkalakip, pinaglakip
joke n. biro, tuks
o v. 1 to make
jokes: magbir
o, bumiro, bir
uin,
manuks
o, tuksuhin 2 to be laughed
at: pagtawan
an
jolly adj. 1 merry, full of fun:
masay
a, mapagpataw
a 2 lively:
masigl
a
jolt n. a jar, a shock, a jerk: kal
og,
al
og, tigtig, liglig, tagt
ag v. 1 to
be jarred or shaken up: makal
og,
maal
og, matigtig, maliglig, matagt
ag
2 to shake up, jar: umal
og, lumiglig,
tumigtig
journal n. 1 a daily record: talaaraw
an, araw
ang tal
a 2 a
newspaper: diy
aryo, p
ahayagan,
pery
odiko 3 a magazine: m
agasin
journalism n.
peryodismo,
pamamahay
ag
journey n. a trip: paglalakb
ay,
biy
ahe v. to travel: maglakb
ay,
magbiy
ahe, bumiy
ahe
judge n. 1 a public ocer who hears
and decides cases in a law court:
huk
om, huwes 2 a person chosen to
settle a dispute or to decide who
wins a race, etc.: tagah
atol, tagapagpasiy
a v. 1 to hear and decide
cases, to pass judgment: hum
atol,
hat
ulan,
maghusg
a,
husgah
an,

83

just
humuk
om, hukum
an 2 to settle a
dispute, decide on the winner in
a race, a debate, etc.: magpasiy
a,
pagpasiyah
an
juice n. liquid extracted from fruits,
etc.: kat
as
July n. H
ulyo
jump v. 1 to leap from the ground,
to pass over by a leap: lumuks
o,
ag, lundagin 2 to
luksuhin, lumund
cause to jump: magpaluks
o, paluksuhin, magpalund
ag, palundagin
3 to give a sudden start or jerk:
umigt
ad, mapaigt
ad 4 to jump up
from a lying position: bumalikw
as 5
to leap downward: tumal
on, talunin
n. 1 a spring from the ground:
luks
o, pagluks
o, lund
ag, paglund
ag 2
a jump downward: tal
on, pagtal
on 3
a jumping up from a prone position:
balikw
as 4 a sudden nervous start:
igt
ad, pag-igt
ad
June n. H
unyo
jungle n. a thick forest: g
ubat,
kagub
atan
junior n/adj. younger (used of a son
having the same name as his father):
diy
unyor n. a third year student in
high school or college: estudy
ante sa
terser
anyo
jurisdiction n. 1 power, authority: kapangyarihan, autorid
ad 2
territory over which jurisdiction extends: s
akop, nasasak
upan, sakl
aw,
nasasakl
aw
jury n. 1 a group of persons chosen
to decide in a law court: hur
ado,
panghuk
umang lup
ong tagah
atol 2
any group of persons chosen to decide who is the winner: inampal
an,
lup
ong tagah
atol
just adj. 1 right: t
ama, tump
ak
2 fair: kain
aman, katamt
aman
3 according to right or law:
makatar
ungan,
makatwiran,
makatuwiran 4 proper, suitable,
deserved: tump
ak, wast
o, t
ama,
narar
apat adv. 1 only: l
amang
2 a little while ago: kani-kanina

justice

84

l
amang, di pa natatagal
an, b
ago
l
amang, ngay
un-ngay
on l
amang
justice n. 1 fairness: katar
ungan 2
rightness: katwiran, katumpak
an 3
trial by process of law: paglilitis 4
a judge: mahistr
ado, huk
om, huwes
5 a justice of the peace: huk
om
tagapamay
apa 6 just conduct,
fair dealing: kawastu
an, pant
ay na
(parehong) pakikit
ungo
justify v. 1 to show to be just or
right: mangatwiran, pangatwir
anan,
mapangatwir
anan,
ipangatwiran,
magbig
ay-matwid, bigy
ang-matwid 2
to clear from blame: magpawal
angs
ala, pawal
ang-s
ala 3 to give a
good reason for: magbig
ay-dahil
an,
magbig
ay-katwiran
juvenille adj. 1 young, youthful: b
ata pa 2 for young people:
pamb
ata 3 of young people: ng
kabat
aan n. a young person: b
ata

K
keep v. 1 to put away something
for safe-keeping: magt
ago, it
ago,
magligpit, iligpit 2 to have and
not let go: mag-ingat, ing
atan 3 to
have and take care of: mag-al
aga,
alag
aan 4 to take care of and
protect: mangal
aga, pangalag
aan
keepsake n. a thing kept in memory
of the giver: ala
ala, rekuwerdo
kerchief n. 1 a piece of cloth
worn over the head or around the
head: bup
anda, band
ana, panwelo,
alamp
ay 2 handkerchief: pany
o,
panyolito
kerosene n. a thin oil made from
petroleum, used in lamps and stoves:
gas, petr
olyo
kettle n. a metal container with a
handle and a spout for heating water: kaldero
key n. 1 an instrument for opening
or closing a lock: susi 2 the answer
to a puzzle or problem: sag
ot,

kindle
kasag
utan, kalutas
an 3 the key of
a piano: tekl
ado 4 the key of a
typewriter: tip
aan, tip
ahan, tekl
ado
5 a key in music: t
ono
keyboard n. 1 the set of keys on a
typewriter: tip
aan, tip
ahan 2 the set
of keys on a piano: tekl
ado
khaki n. 1 the color of dust, dull
yellowish-brown: k
ulay-k
aki 2 heavy
cloth of this color used for uniforms,
tents, etc.: k
aki
kick n. 1 a striking with the foot:
sipa, tady
ak, sikad 2 recoil of a
gun: sikad v. 1 to strike with
the foot: manipa, sumipa, sip
ain,
manady
ak, tumady
ak, tadyak
an,
manikad, sumikad, sik
aran 2 to
recoil (as a gun): sumikad
kid n. a child (coll.): b
ata, paslit v.
to fool or tease in joking: magbir
o,
bir
uin, lum
oko, lok
ohin
kidnap v. to steal a child, carry o
anyone by force: dum
ukot, duk
utin,
kumidn
ap, makidnap, kidnapin
kidney n. an organ of the body: bat
o
kill v. 1 to put to death: pumat
ay,
patayin 2 to put an end to:
magbig
ay-wak
as,
bigy
ang-wak
as,
sumira, sir
ain, pumat
ay, patayin 3
to get rid of, to wipe out: lumipol,
lip
ulin, pumuks
a, puksain n. act
of killing: pagpat
ay
kiln n. 1 a furnace or over for
burning or baking something:
hurn
o, h
urno 2 for drying: ap
uyang,
p
atuyuan, tap
ahan, tapah
an
kilogram n. weight equal to 1,000
grams: kilo
kilometer n. distance equal to 1,000
meters: kil
ometro, kilom
etro
kind adj. 1 friendly: mabait 2
helpful: matulungin 3 showing pity:
maawain, mahabagin 4 gracious and
considerate: may magand
ang lo
ob
n. 1 sort: kl
ase, u
ri 2 of a kind, of
the same sort: iis
ang kl
ase, iis
ang
u
ri
kindle v. 1 to catch re: magningas
2 to set on re: magsindi, sindih
an,

kindly
magpaningas, paning
asan 3 to
become stirred up or aroused:
mag-
alab, magsikl
ab
kindly adj/adv. 1 in a kind or
friendly way: magiliw, mas
uyo 2
please: paki- (a prex)
king n. 1 the man who rules a
kingdom: h
ari 2 the leader in a
group (broad connotation): ang
pinakah
ari, ang naghah
ari
kingdom n. a country that is governed by a king or queen: kahari
an
kiss v. 1 to touch with the lips as a
sign of love, greeting or respect: humalik, halik
an, hagk
an 2 to kiss each
other: maghalikan 3 to kiss an elders
hand: magm
ano n. halik
kitchen n. a room where food is
cooked: kusina
kite n. a light wooden fram covered
with paper or cloth to be own in
the wind: sarangg
ola
kitten n. a young cat: kuting
knapsack n. a canvas bag carried on
the back: n
apsak
knee n. the joint between the thigh
and lower leg: t
uhod
knife n. 1 a table or kitchen knife:
kutsilyo 2 a pocket knife: lanseta,
laseta, kortapl
uma 3 a locally made
kitchen knife: kampit v. to stab
with a knife: sumaks
ak, saksakin
knight n. 1 in the middle ages, a
man raised to an honorable military
rank and bound to do good deeds:
kabalyero 2 in modern times, a man
raised to an honorable rank because
of great achievement or service: kabalyero
knit v. 1 to form a fabric by weaving
threads or wool with long needles:
maggantsilyo 2 to grown together:
maghilom, humilom
knock v. 1 to make a noise by hitting: kumat
ok, katukin, tumukt
ok,
tuktukin 2 to hit and cause to
fall:
magpatumb
a,
patumbahin,
pabaksak
an 3 to hit with the st:
sumunt
ok, suntukin 4 to knock

85

laborer
out, to be hit so hard to make
helpless or unconcious: magpat
ulog,
mapat
ulog, patul
ugin, magpatumb
a,
mapatumb
a,
patumbahin,
magpag
ulong, pagul
ungin n. 1 act of
knocking: pagkat
ok, pagtukt
ok 2 a
blow with the st: sunt
ok 3 a sound
of knocking: kat
ok, tukt
ok
know v. 1 to know: al
am 2 to know
someone: makil
ala, kilal
anin 3 to
have knowledge of: mal
aman, mabatid 4 to understand: umun
awa,
maunaw
aan 5 to learn: mat
uto,
matut
uhan 6 to let know: ipaal
am,
ipabatid,
sabihin,
pagsabihan,
ibalita, balit
aan adj. to be thoroughly familiar with: mar
unong,
maal
am
knowledge n. 1 what somebody
knows:
kaalam
an,
nalal
aman,
muw
ang,
m
alay
2
learning:
karun
ungan 3 act or fact of
knowing: pagkaal
am, pagkakil
ala,
pagkabatid, pagkatant
o 4 to ones
knowledge, as far as one knows: sa
pagkakaal
am
knuckles n. a joint of a nger: b
uko
ng daliri

L
label n. something attached to some
article to show what or whose it is,
or where it is to go: etiketa, mark
a,
tat
ak, tag v. 1 to put or write
a label on: magmark
a, markah
an,
mag-etiketa, etiketah
an, tatak
an
2 to name, call: magpang
alan,
pangal
anan, panganl
an, tum
awag,
taw
agin
labor v. 1 to work or toil: gumaw
a,
magtrab
aho 2 to labor in childbirth:
magdamd
am sa pangangan
ak n.
work: paggaw
a, trab
aho
laboratory n. a place where scientic work is done: laborat
oryo
laborer n. a worker: manggag
awa,
trabahad
or, obrero, piy
on

lace
lace n. 1 an open weaving or net
of ne thread in an ornamental
pattern: punt
as, leys 2 shoe lace:
list
on 3 to trim with lace: magkabit
(kabit
an) ng punt
as, magpunt
as,
puntas
an
laceration n. tearing, mangling: paglasl
as, paglalasl
as, pagmumungl
ay
lack v. 1 to be in want or in need
of: mangail
angan, kumail
angan,
kailang
anin 2 to be wanting,
to have not enough: magk
ulang,
kul
angin,
kapusin,
mangap
os,
manal
at 3 to lack time: magah
ol
sa o
ras (panah
on) n. 1 a thing
needed: kail
angan, pangangail
angan,
kakulang
an 2 a fact or condition
of having not enough: kakulang
an,
kakapus
an, kasalat
an
lacking adj. 1 not having enough:
k
ulang, kap
os 2 without, not having:
wal
a 3 lacking in time: gah
ol, k
ulang
(kap
os) sa panah
on
ladder n. 1 hagd
an 2 a means of
climbing higher: hagd
an, bait
ang
ladle n. a deep, cup-shaped spoon
with a long handle, for dipping out
liquids: kutsar
on, sand
ok
lady n. 1 a woman: bab
ae 2 a
well-mannered woman, one who acts
in a ladylike way: mahinhing bab
ae
(dal
aga)
lag v. to move too slowly, fall
behind: mahuli, maiwan n. a
falling behind, a delay: pagkahuli,
pagkaant
ala, pagkaatr
aso
lagoon n. a small, shallow stretch of
water: l
awa, pulilan, dag
at-dag
atan
lair n. a den or resting place of wild
animals: tir
ahan ng mababangis na
h
ayop, p
ugad
lake n. a body of water surrounded
by land: dag
at-dag
atan, l
awa
lamb n. a young sheep: kordero,
b
atang t
upa
lame adj. not able to walk properly:
pil
ay, lump
o v. to become lame:
mapilay, mapil
ayan, malump
o
lameness n. being lame: pagkapilay,

86

landslide
pagkalump
o
lament v. 1 to sorrow or mourn for:
ipan
angis, it
angis, ipagdalamh
ati,
ipamighati, ipanagh
oy,
itagh
oy
2 to weep, to mourn, to grieve:
man
angis, tum
angis, managh
oy, tumagh
oy, magdalamh
ati, mamighati
n. a wail, an expression of grief:
panan
angis, pananagh
oy
lamentation n.
loud
grief:
pananagh
oy, panan
angis
lamp n. 1 a vessel for giving light:
ilaw
an, l
ampara 2 a slow or lowburning oil lamp: tingh
oy 3 a gas
light, esp. when covered with a
globe or other shade: kingke, gasera
lampoon n. a piece of malicious
or abusive writing that attacks or
ridicules a person: mapanuy
ang
(mapang-uy
am, uyamin) pan
ulat
lance n. a long wooden spear with
a sharp iron or steel head: sib
at
v. 1 to pierce with a lance: sumib
at,
manib
at, sibatin 2 to cut open with a
lancet or surgeons knife: bumusb
os,
busbusin, humiwa, hiw
ain
land n. 1 ground, soil: l
upa 2 a
country and its people: bans
a,
b
ayan,
l
upa,
l
upang-tinub
uan,
in
ang-b
ayan v. 1 to come to
earth: bumab
a, lumap
ag 2 to go
on shore from a ship or boat:
bumab
a, lumuns
ad, um
ahon 3 to
put on shore from a ship or boat:
magluns
ad, iluns
ad, magdiskarg
a,
idiskarg
a, magbab
a, ibab
a 4 to
arrive: humant
ong, mahant
ong,
ihant
ong, bumags
ak, ibags
ak
landholder n. a person who owns or
occupies land: mayl
upa, may-
ari ng
l
upa, propyet
aryo/a
landmark n. 1 something familiar
or easily seen, used as a guide:
tand
a, palatand
aan 2 a stone
or other object that marks the
boundary of a piece of land: muh
on,
mus
on
landscape n. a view over a portion
of country: tan
awin

lane
landslide n. 1 a sliding down of a
mass of soil or rock on a steep slope:
g
uho ng l
upa 2 an overwhelming
majority of votes for one political
party or candidate: napakalaking
kalamang
an
lane n. 1 an alley between buildings:
eskinita 2 a way: da
an, daan
an 3 a
path: land
as
language n. 1 the human speech
spoken
or
written:
salit
a,
pananalit
a, pangung
usap 2 the
speech of one nation or race: wika,
lengguw
ahe, salit
a
lantern n. par
ol
lap n. 1 that part from the waist to
the knees when in sitting position:
kand
ungan 2 one time around a
race track: ikot, ikit, ligid v. to
be partly over or beside another:
sum
anib, mas
anib
lapse n. 1 a slip away from right
conduct: pagkah
ulog, pagkabuy
o,
pagkalig
aw 2 a slipping by (of time):
paglipas, pagda
an (ng panah
on) 3
a lapse of memory, forgetfulness:
pagkalimot v. 1 to slip or fall into:
mah
ulog sa, mauwi sa, mabuy
o
sa 2 to lapse into: unti-unting
mawal
an ng m
alay-t
ao 3 to pass
away: lumipas, palip
asin 4 to end,
lose force: mapas
o
larceny n. theft: pagnan
akaw
lard n. mantika
large adj. big: malaki
lariat n. lasso, a long rope with a
noose for catching horses, cattle,
etc.: silo, panilo, l
ubid na panilo
v. to catch a horse, a cow, etc. with
a lariat: sumilo, manilo, sil
uin
lascivious adj.
showing
lust:
malibog, pampalibog, mah
alay
last adj. 1 coming after all others:
katapus
an, huli, pinakahuli 2 most:
kahuli-hulihan adv. 1 after all
others: kahuli-hulihan, pinakahuli,
huli, katapus
an 2 on the latest
occasion: kahuli-hulihan 3 at last: sa
wak
as n. 1 someone or something

87

lavatory
that comes last: kulelat, bunt
ot 2
the end: wak
as, katapus
an v.
to hold out, continue: magtag
al,
tumag
al, itag
al, magluw
at
lasting adj. 1 durable, that will
last: matibay, magtatag
al 2 that
will not fade: wal
ang pagk
upas,
hindi kumuk
upas 3 permanent:
pangh
abang-b
uhay,
pangh
abangpanah
on, wal
ang katapus
an, wal
ang
hangg
an
latch n. a catch for fastening a
door, gate, window, etc., often one
not needing a key: alb
ada, tarangk
a,
trangk
a v. to fasten with a latch:
magald
aba, iald
aba, magtrangk
a,
itrangk
a
late adj. 1 delayed: naant
ala,
nab
alam, huli, nahuli 2 recent:
nakara
an, duma
an, karara
an, huli,
di pa natatagal
an 3 recently dead:
nasira (g), yum
ao, namat
ay 4 to
be late in the morning: tanghaliin,
matanghalian, tangh
ali na 5 to
be late in the evening: gabihin,
magabih
an, gabi na
laud v. to praise, extol: pum
uri,
purihin, papurihan
laugh n. an expression of mirth by
sound: t
awa, halakh
ak v. 1 to
exhibit mirth by sound and features: tum
awa, magtaw
a, m
atawa,
taw
anan 2 to laugh loudly: humalakh
ak, mapahalakh
ak 3 to cause
to laugh: magpataw
a, pataw
anin 4
to laugh at: taw
anan, pagtawan
an
launch n. a rather small open
motorboat: l
antsa v. 1 to launch
a boat, candidacy, business, etc.:
magbuns
od, ibuns
od 2 to get going:
magsimul
a, simul
an
launder v. to wash and iron clothes:
maglab
ada
laundry n. 1 clothes that are
washed or to be washed: l
ondri,
lab
ada 2 place where clothes are
washed: labanderiya, palabah
an
laundryman n. labandero
laundrywoman n. labandera

law
lavatory n. 1 a place for washing
hands and face: hilamus
an, hugas
an
2 washbasin: lab
abo, hugas
an 3
toilet: inod
oro, palik
uran, kasilyas
law n. 1 a rule made by a country,
state, king, etc.: bat
as 2 the study
of such a system of rules, the profession of a lawyer: abogasy
a, abogasiya, bat
as 3 a rule such as for a
contest: tunt
unin, alitunt
unin 4 municipal laws: orden
ansa, kautus
angb
ayan
lawful adj. 1 according to law,
done as the law directs: ayon sa
bat
as, naa-lins
unod sa bat
as, tat
ag
ng bat
as, alins
unod sa bat
as, leg
al
2 rightful, just: matuwid, matwid,
tump
ak, t
ama, makatar
ungan 3
allowed by law: itinut
ulot ng bat
as 4
not forbidden: hindi b
awal, leg
al
lawn n. piece of land covered with
grass kept closely cut: damuh
an
lawsuit n. a case in the law court:
as
unto, usapin, k
aso, habl
a
lawyer n.
abug
ado,
abog
ado,
m
anananggol
laxative n. 1 medicine that makes
the bowels move: laks
ante, pan
unaw
2 a strong laxative, purgative:
purg
a, pamurg
a 3 to take a laxative:
umin
om ng laks
ante (pan
unaw) 4 to
take a purgative (strong laxative):
magpurg
a 5 to give a purgative:
purgahin adj. making the bowels move: pan
unaw, pampadumi,
laks
ante, pamurg
a
lay v. 1 to put down, keep down:
maglap
ag, ilap
ag, magbab
a, ibab
a
2 to place, put, set: maglag
ay,
ilag
ay, magp
atong, ip
atong 3 to put
in place: magl
atag, il
atag 4 to put
down as a bet, to bet: pumust
a,
pustah
an, ipust
a 5 to lay an egg
or eggs, as of hens: mangitl
og,
umitl
og 6 to lay aside, to put aside
for a while: magtabi (itabi) m
una,
iwan m
una adj. not professional,
ordinary: karaniwan
lazy adj. 1 tam
ad, bat
ugan 2 to be

88

lease
lazy: tamarin
lead n. a heavy, easily melted bluish
metal: tingg
a adj. made of lead:
y
ari sa tingg
a, tingg
a
leader n. 1 one who leads: lider,
p
uno, pin
uno 2 one who begins
or instigates something wrong,
perpetrator: pasim
uno
leading adj. 1 ahead: nangung
una,
nakalalam
ang 2 most important,
chief, principal: pinakamahalag
a,
pangun
ahin, prinsip
al
leaf n. a thin, at, green outgrowth
of the branch of a tree: d
ahon
leak n. 1 a hole or crack not meant
to be there that lets something
in or out: b
utas 2 leakage, leaking out of liquid: t
ulo, pagt
ulo,
t
agas, pagt
agas v. 1 to drip or
leak: tum
ulo, tum
agas 2 to get
out, to become known (as news):
makalab
as, suming
aw, makasing
aw,
mabuny
ag, mahay
ag
lean adj. 1 thin: pay
at 2 having
little fat: di-matab
a, pay
at, wal
ang
tab
a 3 thin, slender: balingkinitan
4 producing little: mahina, sal
at
v. 1 to bend, not upright: hum
apay,
kumiling, humilig 2 to rest sloping
or slanting, set or put in a leaning
position: humilig, ihilig, sumand
al,
isand
al 3 to follow or depend
on: sumun
od, um
asa, man
angan,
mangh
awak 4 to trust: magtiw
ala,
pagtiwal
aan
leap n. a jump or spring: lund
ag,
luks
o, tal
on v. 1 to jump: lumuks
o,
lumund
ag 2 to jump downward:
tumal
on, talunin 3 to jump over:
lumund
ag, lundagin
learn v. 1 to acquire knowledge:
mat
uto, matut
uhan 2 to study: magaral, pag-ar

alan 3 to be informed
about: mal
aman, m
apag-alam
an,
mabatid, matal
os
lease n. the right to use property for
a certain length of time by paying
rent for it: pag-
upa, pag-alkil
a v.
1 to rent: um
upa, up
ahan, umalkil
a,

least
alkilahin 2 to let out: magpa
upa,
paup
ahan, magpaalkil
a, paalkilah
an
least adj. smallest: pinakamaliit,
pinakakaunti adv. 1 to the smallest extent or degree: kamuntiman,
kamunti man 2 at least: man
l
amang, k
ahit
leather n. a material made from the
skins of animals: k
atad, bal
at, kuwero
adj. made of leather: y
ari sa k
atad
leave v. 1 to go away: umalis,
lum
akad 2 to go away from:
lumisan, lis
anin, iwan 3 to let stay
behind, to go without taking: iwan,
maiwan 4 to let alone, to leave
undisturbed: pabay
aan, bay
aan,
hay
aan 5 to give (to family, friends,
charity) when one dies: mag-iwan,
iw
anan 6 to give or hand over (to
someone else) to do: magpaub
aya,
ipaub
aya 7 to intrust to someone
to mind or take care of: maghabilin,
ihabilin, magkatiw
ala, ipagkatiw
ala
8 to neglect: magpabay
a, pabay
aan
9 to leave to the responsibility of
another: magpabah
ala, ipabah
ala
10 to leave o, to stop: humint
o,
ihint
o, hintu
an, tumigil, itigil,
tigilan 11 to leave out, not to
say, do or put in: huw
ag is
ama,
iwan 12 to die, depart to another
world: pum
anaw, yum
ao, mamat
ay,
sumakabil
ang-b
uhay n. length
of time for which one has leave
of absence: bakasy
on v. 1 to
take leave of, to say good-bye
to: magpa
alam 2 to take leave of
absence: magbakasy
on
leave-taking n. act of taking leave,
saying good-bye: pagpapa
alam
lecture n. 1 a planned talk on a
chosen subject: panay
am 2 scolding:
pagmumur
a, serm
on v. 1 to give
a lecture: magbig
ay ng panay
am,
magpanay
am 2 to scold: magmur
a,
mur
ahin, mag-serm
on, sermun
an
ledger n. a book of accounts: ledyer
leech n. 1 a worm living in ponds
or streams that sucks the blood

89

lemonade
of animals: lint
a 2 a person who
tries persistently to get what he
can out of others: manghuhuth
ot,
maninipsip, lint
a sa katihan
leer n. a sly, nasty look to the side:
irap v. to give a sly, nasty glance:
umirap, ir
apan
leeway n. extra space at the side,
time, money, etc., more than needed,
margin of safety: pata
an, pas
obra,
pal
abis
left adj/n. kaliw
a adv. on the left
side: sa kaliw
a
left-handed adj. 1 using the left
hand more easily and readily than
the right: kaliwete 2 turning from
right to left: pasaliwa, saliw
a 3
made to be used with the left hand:
pangkaliw
ang-kam
ay
left-over adj/n. tir
a, tir
a-tirah
an,
labi
leg n. binti
legacy n. money or other property
left to a person by the will of someone who has died: m
ana, pam
ana,
leg
ado
legal adj. 1 lawful:
ayon sa bat
as,
leg
al 2 concerning the law: pambat
as,
tungk
ol sa bat
as
legend n. a story coming down from
the past, which many people have
believed: alam
at
legible adj. that can be read:
malinaw, maliw
anag, mabab
asa,
nabab
asa
legislate v. to make laws: magbat
as
legislator n. lawmaker: mambabat
as
legitimate adj. 1 rightful, lawful,
allowed: matuwid, matwid, mar
apat,
sun
od sa bat
as, n
aaayon sa bat
as 2
born of parents who are married:
an
ak ng t
unay na magas
awa
leisure n. time free from required
work or occupation: mal
ayang
oras
(panah
on) adj. free, not busy:
wal
ang ginag
awa, mal
aya
lemon n. sour, light-yellow fruit that
grows in a warm climate: lim
on
lemonade n. a drink made of lemon

lend
juice, water and sugar: limon
ada
lend v. 1 to let another have or use
for a time: magpahir
am, pahiramin,
ipahir
am 2 to make a loan or loans:
magpa
utang, paut
angin
length n. 1 extent from end to
end: h
aba 2 extent of time: tag
al 3
extent of distance: l
ayo, dist
ansiya
4 to what length (extent): kung
hangg
ang sa
an 5 at length, at last:
sa wak
as
lenient adj. 1 not severe: dimahigpit 2 merciful:
awa, pagkamaawain 3 kindness: kabaitan 4
mildness: kaam
uan, pagkama
amo
lens n. lente
leprocy n. disease which causes ulcers and decay of parts of the body:
lepra, ketong
less adj. 1 not as much in value,
amount, etc.: kakaunti 2 smaller
in size: mas maliit 3 fewer: mas
kakaunti 4 not so, not so much, not
so well: di masy
ado, di ga
ano, di
lubh
a 5 with something taken away,
without: binaw
asan, kinul
angan,
k
ulang
lesson n. something to be learned or
taught: liksiy
on, aralin
let v. 1 to allow, permit: pum
ayag,
pay
agan,
magpahint
ulot, pahintul
utan 2 to allow or let go : bay
aan,
pabay
aan, hay
aan
lethal adj.
1
causing
death:
nakam
amatay 2 dangerous: mapang
anib
letter n. 1 symbol representing
a speech sound: titik, letra 2 a
written message: s
ulat, liham v. to
mark with letters: magtitik, titikan,
magletra, letrahan
lettuce n. lits
ugas
level adj. 1 at, even: p
atag, pant
ay
2 of equal height, importance, etc.:
kapant
ay, magkapant
ay, magkakapant
ay, kasinta
as, magkasinta
as,
kapareho, magkapar
eho n. a level
position: kapantay
an, kapat
agan
v. to make level or the same level:

90

lie
pagpantayin, pantayin, ipant
ay,
magp
atag, pat
agin
liability n. 1 being liable or under
obligation: sag
utin, pananag
utan
2 debt: u
tang, pagkaka
utang 3
being exposed to some accidental
or incidental result of occurrence:
pangang
anib, pamimiligro
liar n. person who tells lies: sinung
aling, bul
aan
libel n. a statement that harms the
reputation of others: paninirangp
uri, libelo
liberal adj. 1 generous: mapagbig
ay
2 broad-minded, not narrow in ones
ideas: maunawain, di-mahigpit,
liber
al
liberty n. 1 freedom: kalay
aan
2 right or power to do as one
pleases, power or opportunity to do
something: kalay
aan
librarian n. a person in charge
of a library: katiw
ala ng akl
atan,
laybr
aryan
library n. collection of books or the
room in which they are kept: bibliyoteka, libreria, akl
atan
license n. permission given by law
to do something: lisensiya v. to
permit by law: maglisensiya, lisensiyah
an
lick n. a stroke of the tongue over
something: himod, paghimod v. 1
to pass the tongue over: humimod,
him
urin 2 to defeat: tum
alo, tal
unin
lid n. 1 movable cover, top: takip,
panakip, takl
ob 2 eye lid: tal
ukap ng
mat
a
lie n. something said that is not
true: kasinungalingan, kabula
anan
v. 1 to speak falsely, tell a lie:
magsinungaling, magbul
aan 2 to
have ones body in a at position
along the ground or other surface:
humig
a, mahig
a 3 to lie on ones
back: tumih
aya 4 to lie on ones
back carelessly or with abandon:
humil
ata 5 to lie on ones stomach,
to lie face down: dumap
a 6 to lie

lieutenant
prostrate or prone: humand
usay,
mapahand
usay
lieutenant n. an ocer below a captain in the army or navy: tenyente,
tininte
life n. 1 state of existence of man,
animal or plant: b
uhay 2 way of living: pamum
uhay 3 spirit, vigor: sil
a,
espiritu
life preserver n. a wide belt, usually made of cloth and cork, to keep a
person aoat in the water: salbabida
lift v. 1 to raise, raise higher:
magta
as,
ita
as,
mag-ang
at,
umang
at, iang
at, angatin 2 to
take up (esp. with intention of
taking somewhere else): bum
uhat,
buh
atin 3 to raise morally, e.g. the
spirits: magpasigl
a, pasiglahin n.
1 helping hand: t
ulong 2 to give a
lift, to give a free ride: mag-angk
as,
paangkasin, isak
ay
ligament n. a band of bodily tissue
which connects bones or holds parts
of the body in place: litid
light n. 1 that by which we see,
brightness: liw
anag 2 a thing that
gives light: ilaw v. 1 to give light
to: mag-ilaw, il
awan, tumangl
aw,
tanglaw
an, liwan
agan 2 to set re
to: magsindi, sindih
an, magparikit,
parikt
an 3 to become light (less in
weight): guma
an (sa timb
ang) 4 to
ask for a light (for ones cigarette or
cigar): pasindi adj. 1 bright and
clear: maliw
anag 2 pale in color,
approaching white: m
ura 3 easy
to carry, not heavy: maga
an 4 not
hard to bear or do: maga
an, madali
lighter n. 1 a thing that lights:
pansindi, panindi 2 cigarette lighter:
l
ayter, pansidi ng sigarilyo
lighthouse n. par
ola
lightning n. a ash of electricity in
the sky: kidl
at syn lintik
like adj. similar, resembling something or each other: kat
ulad,
kamukh
a, kaw
angis, kawangki
adv. 1 such as one would expect:

91

linen
p
ara, kag
aya 2 as, in the same way
as, as well as: p
aris, g
aya, p
ara 3
and the like means and other
like things: at ib
a pang g
aya nit
o
4 like this: ganit
o, ganiri 5 like
that: gano
on, gay
on, gany
an n.
a liking, preference: gust
o, g
usto,
ibig, n
asa, n
ais v. to have a
preference or liking: magkaibig,
maibigan, magkagust
o, magustuh
an,
ibig, g
usto
lily n. liryo
lime n. 1 a white substance obtained
by burning limestone, shells, bones,
etc.:
apog 2 a kind of lemon: d
ayap
v. to put lime on: mag-
apog, ap
ugan
limit n. 1 the farthest edge or
boundary:
hangg
anan,
hangg
a,
hangg
ahan 2 bounds: sakl
aw 3
a restriction: limitasy
on, takd
a,
katakda
an, pagtatakd
a v. to
set a limit to, restrict: magtakd
a,
takda
an, itakd
a
limitation n. 1 limiting, being
limited: pagtatakd
a 2 restriction:
takd
a, t
asa, limitasy
on 3 boundary:
sakl
aw 4 that which limits, limiting
circumstances: sag
abal, hadl
ang 5
qualications: k
aya, kakayah
an
limp n. 1 a lame step or walk: pilay,
hingk
od, tik
od 2 slight limping:
ika, ikod v. to walk with a limp:
tumikod, tumikud-tikod, humingk
od
adj. soft, slack: malamb
ot, malat
a
line n. 1 a long narrow mark: linya,
g
uhit 2 a row of persons or things,
single le or abreast: pila, h
anay,
hilera 3 a piece of rope: l
ubid 4 a
piece of cord: t
ali, pisi 5 a piece of
wire: k
awad, al
ambre 6 a clothesline:
samp
ayan 7 a shing line: hapin,
bingwit 8 a telephone line: linya ng
telepono v. 1 to mark / draw with
lines: guhitan, linyah
an 2 to line up,
to form in line: hum
anay, ih
anay,
humilera, ihilera, pumila, ipila
lineage n. 1 family: angk
an, pamilya

2 race: lipi, l
ahi
linen n. cloth or thread made from

lingerie
ax: linen, de ilo
lingerie n. womens underwear:
damit-panlo
ob ng mga bab
ae
linguist n. one skilled in a number
of languages besides his own: lingguwista, dalubwika
liniment n. a soothing liquid for
rubbing on the body: gam
ot na
pam
ahid, linimento, pam
ahid
link n. one ring or loop of a chain:
kawing, kawil v. to join as a link
does, unite or connect: magsangk
ot,
isangk
ot, mag-ugn
ay, iugn
ay
lion n. le
on, liy
on
lips n. 1 either one of the two eshy
movable edges of the mouth: l
abi 2
the folding or bent-out edge of any
opening: l
abi
lipstick n. a small roll of colored and
usually perfumed ointment: lipistik,
lipstik
liquid n. a substance that is not a
solid: likido adj. melted, in the
form of a liquid: tun
aw, lus
aw
liquor n. an alcoholic drink:
alak,
pampainit
list n. a series of names, numbers,
words or phrases: list
a, list
ahan,
tala
an v. to make a list: maglist
a,
ilist
a, magtal
a, ital
a
listen v. to try to hear: makinig, pakingg
an
listless adj. seeming too tired to
care about anything, not interested
in things, not caring to be active:
mataml
ay, wal
ang sigl
a, tigil
liter n. liquid measure equal to 1 3/4
pints: litro
literacy n. ability to read and write:
karun
ungang bum
asa at sum
ulat
literature n. writing of a period or
of a country: literat
ura, panitik
an
litter n. 1 little bits left about in
disorder, things scattered about:
kal
at 2 the young animals produced
at one time: kam
ada v. to scatter things about, leave odds and
ends lying about: magkal
at, ik
alat,
kal
atan

92

local
little adj. 1 small in size: maliit,
munti, malinggit 2 small in amount:
kaunti, bahagy
a 3 to make little
of, to belittle: maliitin 4 little by
little: unti-unti
live v. 1 to have life, remain alive:
mab
uhay 2 to spend or pass ones
life in a certain manner: mam
uhay
adj. 1 having life: buh
ay 2 full of
energy: masigl
a
lively adj. 1 full of life and spirit:
masigl
a 2 full of cheer, bright:
masay
a
livelihood n.
means
of
living:
pagkab
uhay,
kabuh
ayan,
ikinabub
uhay
living adj. 1 having life, alive: buh
ay
2 active: buh
ay, matibay 3 in actual
existence, still in use, alive: umiiral,
ginag
amit, buh
ay n. 1 a means
of keeping alive, livelihood: ikinabub
uhay, kabuh
ayan, pagkab
uhay
2 manner of life: pamum
uhay
living room n. s
alas, s
ala
liver n. at
ay
lizard n. 1 a house lizard: butiki 2
a grass lizard: bub
uli, himbub
uli 3 a
large lizard, gecko: t
uko 4 iguana:
bay
awak
load n. 1 what a vehicle is carrying:
l
ulan, karg
a, karg
ada, lam
an, sak
ay
2 quantity that usually is carried:
h
akot, karg
a 3 a load on the head:
s
unong 4 a load on the shoulders:
pas
an v. 1 to load passengers:
magsak
ay, isak
ay 2 to put in or
put on whatever is to be carried:
magl
ulan, lul
anan, il
ulan, magkarg
a,
kargah
an, ikarg
a
loaf n. bread baked as one piece:
pan, pan de u
nan
loathsome adj. disgusting, making
one feel sick: kasukl
am-sukl
am,
nakasusukl
am,
karim
a-rim
arim,
nakaririm
arim
lobby n. entrance hall: bulw
agan,
l
obi
lobster n. a large shrimp with two
big claws: ul
ang

lock
local adj. of a place, having to
do with a place or places: lok
al
pampo
ok, pampur
ok, pamb
ayan,
ng b
ayan, panlungs
od, panluns
od,
pambans
a, nasyon
al
lock n. 1 a means of fastening
doors, boxes, etc.: serad
ura, susi
an,
kand
ado 2 the part of a gun by
means of which it is red: pangas
a, pangkas
a 3 a tuft of hair:
is
ang bungk
os (tungk
os) na buh
ok
v. 1 to fasten by means of a
lock: magkand
ado, ikand
ado, kandad
uhan, tr
angka 2 to shut or
conne something in: magt
ago,
it
ago, magkul
ong, ikul
ong 3 to
shut out: pagsarh
an 4 to join, t:
pagkabitin, ikabit
locomotive n. railroad engine: lokomot
ora, m
akina ng tren
lodge v. 1 to live in a place for a
time: tumir
a, manir
ahan 2 to live
in a rented room in anothers house:
mangup
ahan, mangas
era n. 1
dwelling place: tir
ahan 2 a small or
temporary house: maliit na b
ahay
log n. a length of wood just as it
comes from the tree: tr
oso, k
alap
loiter v. to linger idly, stop along
the way: magpatigil-tigil, magpag
alag
ala, magpas
abit-s
abit
loneliness n. being lonely, sadness:
pangl
aw, kapanglaw
an, lungk
ot,
kalungk
utan, lumb
ay, kalumbay
an
long adj. 1 mah
aba 2 long in
distance: mal
ayo 3 long in time:
matag
al, mal
aon, mal
awig v.
1 to wish very much: manabik,
panabik
an 2 to anxiously await or
desire, crave: umas
am, asamin 3
to become long: hum
aba 4 to take
a long time: magtag
al, tumag
al 5
to make long or longer in length:
hab
aan 6 to make longer in time:
magpatag
al, patagalin
longevity n. long life: mah
abang
b
uhay, matag
al na b
uhay, kahab
aan
(katagal
an) ng b
uhay
look v. 1 to see, to direct the eyes

93

loosen
at: tumingin, tingn
an, magmasid,
masd
an 2 to face: humar
ap 3 to
scrutinize: magmaty
ag, matyag
an,
magmasid, masd
an, pag-masd
an 4
to seem, to appear: magmukh
a,
mag-any
o 5 to look around : luming
on, magpaling
un-ling
on 6 to look
around stupidly or in a gawking
manner: tumang
a-tang
a 7 to look
at comtemptuously or angrily:
umirap, ir
apan 8 to look at with
surprise or curiosity: tumung
anga,
matung
anga 9 to look down on
someone: matahin, liitin 10 to
look hard, stare: tumitig, titigan,
dumilat, dil
atan, pandil
atan 11 to
look on: mano
od 12 to look out of
a window: dum
ungaw, man
ungaw,
dung
awin, sum
ungaw, sung
awin 13
to look over, to examine: siyas
atin,
tingn
an 14 to look upward: tumingal
a, tingalain n. 1 the act of
looking: tingin, pagtingin 2 a erce
or scornful look: irap, pag-irap 3
a xed look, stare: titig, pagtitig
4 a glance: suly
ap, pagsuly
ap 5
appearance: any
o, its
ura, hits
ura,
ayos

loop n. the shape of a curved string,

ribbon, bent wire, etc., that crosses
itself: silo v. 1 to fasten with
a loop: sil
uin 2 to make loops in:
sil
uan, gaw
an ng silo
loose adj. 1 not fastened: kal
ag,
tangg
al 2 not tight: maluw
ag 3 not
rmly set or fastened: umu
uga,
umaal
og 4 not bound together:
hiwa-hiwal
ay, hindi kabit-kabit 5
free, not shut in: nakakawal
a, alp
as,
kawal
a 6 not pressed together:
buhagh
ag 7 careless about morals
or conduct: halagh
ag, pabay
a 8
loose and hanging as a womans
hair: lug
ay, nakal
ugay v. 1 to set
free, let go: mag-alp
as, paalpasin,
magpakawal
a, pakawal
an 2 to
untie, unbind: magkal
as, kalasin,
magkal
ag, kalagin, kalag
an
loosen v. 1 to make loose or looser:

loot
magpaluw
ag, luwag
an, paluwagin 2
to untie: kumal
ag, kalagin, kalag
an,
kumal
as, kalasin 3 to set free: magpakawal
a, pakawal
an 4 to unfasten:
tumangg
al, tanggalin 5 to become
loose or looser: lumub
ay, lumuw
ag
6 to loosen ones hold: bumitiw,
bitiwan
loot v. to plunder: mandamb
ong,
akaw, nak
awin,
dambungin, magn
pagnak
awan
lord n. 1 master: pangino
on, po
on,
amo 2 owner: may-

ari v. to
rule proudly, absolutely, or domineeringly: magh
ari, pagharian,
makapangy
ari
lose v. 1 not to have any longer:
mawal
an 2 to become unable to
nd: mawal
a, malipol, di-makita 3
to waste, spend or let go by without
any result: mag-aksay
a, maaksay
a,
aksayahin, mas
ayang, say
angin 4 to
mislay or miss: magwal
a, maiwal
a,
iwal
a 5 to lose ones life: mamat
ay
6 not to win, be defeated: mat
alo,
tal
unin 7 to lose ones way: malig
aw
8 to lose ones soul: mapah
amak,
mapariw
ara 9 to cause one to lose:
ikawal
a 10 to lose ones mind:
masir
aan ng isip (bait) 11 to lose
ones temper: mag
alit 12 to lose
ones sight: mab
ulag 13 to lose in
business: mal
ugi 14 to lose heart:
panghin
aan ng lo
ob, mawal
an ng
sigl
a 15 to lose weight: mangay
ayat
16 to lose consciousness: mawal
an
ng m
alay 17 to lose face: mapahiy
a
18 to lose a relation through death:
mamatay
an , maulila
loss n. 1 a losing or being lost:
pagkawal
a 2 value of a thing lost,
person or thing lost: kawal
an 3
harm or disadvantage caused by
losing something: pins
ala, kapinsal
aan 4 defeat in sports: pagkat
alo,
katal
unan 5 loss in a commercial venture: pagkal
ugi, kalugihan
6 referring to loss of the soul:
pagkariwar
a, pagkapariwar
a 7 at a

94

lovely
loss, puzzled: lit
o, nalilit
o, tarant
a,
natatarant
a, hindi mal
aman ang
gagawin, wal
ang malam
ang gawin 8
at a loss (in business): kalugihan
lost adj. 1 missing, not found:
nawal
a, nawawal
a 2 ruined:
napah
amak 3 not won: nat
alo,
di-pinagtagumpay
an
lot n. 1 a plot of ground: l
ote 2 a
portion or part: bah
agi, p
arte 3 a
great many (used in common talk):
mar
ami, n
apakarami
lotion n. losy
on
lottery n.
loteriya,
lotery
a,
sapalar
an
loud adj. 1 not quiet or soft, making
a great sound: malak
as 2 showy in
dress or manner: masagw
a 3 noisy:
maingay 4 ashy as of color: matingk
ad
lounge v. to sit or lie at ease and
lazily: humil
a-hil
ata, magpahil
ahil
ata, humilig-hilig n. 1 a comfortable and informal room in which
one can lounge and be at ease:
pahing
ahan, silid-pahing
ahan 2 a
couch: sop
a, hilig
an
love n. 1 a fond, deep, tender feeling: pagmamah
al, pag-ibig, paggiliw,
pagsint
a, pag-irog. (Pagsint
a and
pag-irog are more poetical) 2 a
person who is loved: mah
al, ang
minamah
al, irog, ang iniirog, sint
a,
ang sinisint
a v. 1 to have a
tender feeling for: umibig, ibigin,
magmah
al, mahalin, sumint
a, sin
tahin, umirog, ir
ugin 2 to like very
much: magkagust
o; gustuhin, ibigin,
katuw
aan 3 to fall in love, to begin
to love, come to feel love: umibig,
magmah
al, magkagust
o, sib
ulan
ng pag-ibig adj. aectionate:
maibigin
lovelorn adj. 1 pining for love: uh
aw
sa pag-ibig 2 broken-hearted: sawi
sa pag-ibig
lovely adj. 1 beautiful: magand
a 2
pretty: marikit, maril
ag 3 lovable:
kaibig-ibig 4 attractive: ka
akit-
akit,

low
kahali-halina
low adj. 1 in a low place, near the
ground: mab
aba 2 small, less than
the usual, e.g. price: mab
aba, maliit
3 mean, course, vulgar: bast
os,
mah
alay, masagw
a, magasp
ang 4
not loud: mahina 5 not high or
exalted (as an opinion): h
amak,
mab
aba n. in low spirits, with
little energy or joy: wal
ang sigl
a,
malungk
ot, mataml
ay adv. not
loudly: nang mahina
lower (1) adj. more low: higit na
(l
along) mab
aba (kaysa) v. 1
to bring down or haul down, to
diminish: magbab
a, ibab
a 2 to
make weaker: magpahina, hin
aan,
pahin
ain 3 to sink or become lower:
lumub
og, bum
aba 4 to humble
or degrade oneself: magpakab
aba,
magpakumbab
a
lower (2) v. 1 to scowl: sumim
angot,
simang
utan 2 to frown: magkun
ut
ng no
o, kun
utan ng no
o, um
asim
ang mukh
a n. 1 a scowl: sim
angot
2 a frown: pagkun
ot ng no
o
lowland n. land that is lower and
atter than the neighboring country:
kapat
agan, kabab
aan
loyal adj. true and faithful to love,
promise, or duty: tap
at, matap
at,
tap
at na lo
ob
lubricate v. 1 to put oil on:
maglangis, langis
an 2 to put grease
on: maggr
asa, gras
ahan
lucid adj. 1 bright, luminous: maningning, maliw
anag 2 clear: malinaw
3 sane: matin
o
luck n. fortune, chance: kapal
aran,
suwerte
luggage n. 1 baggage: bag
ahe ,
karg
ada 2 general term for things
taken on a trip: dal
a-dal
ahan 3
traveling bags or cases: mga maleta
lukewarm adj. neither hot nor
cold (as water): malahining
a,
maligamg
am
lullaby n. a soft song to put a baby
to sleep: hele, kant
ang pampat
ulog,

95

lynch
l
ulabay, l
alabay
lumber n. 1 beams, boards, etc.:
mga tabl
a, k
ahoy 2 timber, logs:
mga tr
oso 3 useless articles, esp.
pieces of furniture: mga patap
ong
kasangk
apan v. to move along
heavily and noisily: kumal
ug-kal
og
lunch n. a light meal, usually eaten
in the middle of the day: tanghalian,
pananghalian v. to take lunch:
manangh
ali, mananghalian
luncheon n.
a
formal
lunch:
hand
aang pananghalian (pananghali
anan), hand
ong na pananghalian
lung n. either one of the pair of
breathing organs found in the chest:
b
aga
lure v. 1 to tempt or entice: tumuks
o, matuks
o, tuksuhin 2 to
attract: um
akit, akitin, ma
akit, bumigh
ani n. 1 a bait, decoy: p
ain,
pam
ain 2 a thing that attracts:
pang-
akit, panghalina, pambigh
ani
lust n. 1 a strong desire (often in
bad sense): kasakim
an, katak
awan 2
the desire for indulgence of sex: libog,
kalib
ugan v. to have a strong desire
for sensual pleasure: malib
ugan
luster, lustre n. 1 a bright shine
on the surface: kin
ang, kint
ab
2 brightness: ningning, kisl
ap 3
brilliance: kaningning
an
lustrous adj.
having
luster:
makin
ang, makisl
ap, maningning
luxuriant adj. 1 growing thick
and green: malag
o 2 producing
abundantly: mab
unga, hitik 3 abundant: masag
ana, sag
ana 4 rich in
ornament: napakarangy
a
luxury n. 1 the comforts of life
beyond what are necessary: l
uho,
rangy
a karangya
an 2 any real
pleasure or treat: lug
od, kasiy
ahan,
kasiyah
an 3 the use of the best and
most costly food, clothes, houses,
furnitures, etc.: pagmamarangy
a,
pagmamaluh
o
lye n. any strong alkaline solution:
lihiya, s
osa

lyric

96

lynch v. to put an accused person to

death without a lawful trial: patayin
nang wal
ang litis
lyric n. a short poem expressing personal emotion: liriko, tul
ang liriko,
t
ula

M
machine n. 1 m
akina 2 the persons controlling an organization:
makin
arya, p
amunuan
machinery n. machines: makin
arya,
mga m
akina, mga apar
ato
mad adj. 1 out of ones head, crazy,
insane: l
oko/a, sir
a ang isip (
ulo,
ol 2 blindly and unbait ), baliw, ul
reasonably fond: hib
ang, l
okong-l
oko
3 very angry: galit na galit 4 having rabies or hydrophobia (in dogs):
ul
ol 5 like mad, furiously, very hard:
p
arang l
oko/a
madam n. a polite title used in reference to a lady: ginang, binibini
made adj. constructed, formed:
y
ari, gaw
a, ginaw
a
magazine n. m
agasin
magician n. a person who entertains
by magic tricks and sleight of hand:
salamangkero
magistrate n. a judge: mahistr
ado,
huk
om, huwes
magnet n. 1 a stone or piece of iron
or steel that attracts or draws to it
bits of steel: batubal
ani, m
agnet 2
anything that attracts: bal
ani, pangakit, gay

uma
maid n. 1 a young girl: dalagita,
dalaginding 2 an old unmarried
woman: matand
ang dal
aga, soltera
3 a hired household help: kat
ulong
mail n. letters to be sent by post:
koreo, meil, meyl v. to send by
mail: ikoreo, ih
ulog sa koreo adv.
by air mail: panghimpapawid
mailbox n. a public box from which
mail is collected: bus
on, meylbaks
maim v. to cut o or hurt an arm,

mallet
leg, ear, cripple, disable: makapins
ala, pumins
ala, mapins
ala,
pinsal
ain
maintain v. 1 to keep, keep up,
carry on: magpanatili, panatilihin,
manatili 2 to uphold, declare to be
true: manindig, panindig
an, maggiit,
igiit, ipaggiitan 3 to support, sustain:
sumustento,
sustentuh
an,
tumust
os, tustus
an
majestic adj. grand, stately, kingly,
regal: dakila, mah
arlika, makah
ari
majority n. the greater number or part, more than half: ang
karamihan, ang mar
ami, ang
nakarar
ami, mayoriya
make n. 1 style, build, character:
y
ari, kayarian, pagkakay
ari 2
kind: u
ri, kl
ase 3 brand: mark
a,
tat
ak v. 1 to bring into being,
build, form or shape: gumaw
a,
gawin, igaw
a, yum
ari, yariin,
iy
ari 2 to put into condition for
use, arrange: mag-
ayos, ay
usin,
maghand
a, ihand
a 3 to earn,
gain: kumita, pagkakit
aan, kit
ain,
4 to cause, bring about: lumikh
a,
makalikh
a 5 to make something
out of, to invent, to put together:
gumaw
a, gawin, lumikh
a, likhain,
kumath
a, kathain
make-believe n.
pretense:
pagkukunw
ari
make-up n. powder, paint, lipstick,
etc.: mga pampagand
a, meykap,
mekap
malaria n. a disease characterized
by chills, fever, and sweating:
mal
arya
male n. 1 boy: b
atang lal
aki 2 man:
lal
aki adj. masculine: lal
aki
malice n. active ill will, spite,
a whish to hurt or make suer:
malisya, masam
ang hang
arin
malign v. to speak evil of, slander:
manirang-p
uri, sir
aan ng p
uri
adj. evil, injurious: mas
ama,
nakasasam
a, mapamins
ala
mallet n. a wooden hammer: m
aso,

mama
malyete
mama n. mother: mam
a, m
ama,
in
ang, in
ay, n
anay, n
ana, im
a, in
a
mammal n. an animal that gives
milk to its young: h
ayop na nagpapas
uso (sa kany
ang an
ak), m
amal
man n. 1 an adult male: lal
aki,
m
ama 2 a human being, person:
t
ao 3 the human race: sangkata
uhan
4 a male follower, servant, employee,
etc.: k
abig, t
ao, ta
uhan v. be a
man: magpakat
ao, magpakalal
aki
manacle n. 1 a handcu, a fetter
for the hands (usually in the plural): p
osas 2 a fetter for the feet:
tanikal
a sa pa
a, kadena sa pa
a v.
1 to fetter the hands of: magp
osas,
pos
asan 2 to chain: magkadena,
ikadena, kaden
ahan, magtanikal
a,
tanikal
aan, itanikal
a
manage v. 1 to administer: mangasiwa, pangasiw
aan 2 to control,
conduct: mamah
ala, pamahal
aan
3 to direct: mamatn
ugot, pamatnug
utan 4 to guide, accompany:
pumatn
ubay, patnub
ayan 5 to supervise: mamah
ala, pamahal
aan 6
to succeed in doing, be able to do
something: magaw
a, maisagaw
a,
matup
ad, maisakatup
aran
manager n. 1 a person who manages: manedyer, tagapamah
ala,
tagapangasiwa 2 one who directs:
patn
ugot, tagapatn
ubay 3 overseer
of an estate: katiw
ala, mayord
omo
mango n. the oblong, slightly sour
fruit of a tropical tree: mangg
a
manhood n. 1 condition or time
for being a man: kahustuh
angg
ulang 2 courage, bravery: t
apang,
katap
angan
maniac n. insane person, raving lunatic: baliw, l
oko/a adj. maniacal,
insane, raving: baliw
mankind n. 1 the human race, all
human beings: sangkata
uhan, lah
at
ng t
ao, mga t
ao 2 men, the male sex:
kalalakihan, mga lal
aki
mannequin n. 1 a woman who

97

marble
models clothes: m
odel, modelo 2 a
model or gure of a person used by
tailors: manikin
manner n. 1 way of doing or
happening, style, fashion: para
an,
pamamara
an 2 a persons way of
acting or behaving: kilos, gawi,
asal 3 kind or kinds: u

ri, kl
ase 4
ways or customs: ug
ali, pag-uug
ali,
ani 5 sometimes means
kaugalian, w
good manners: kagand
ahang-
asal,
mab
uting-
asal, kabutihang-
asal
mansion n. 1 large house: malaking
tah
anan 2 stately residence: pal
asyo
manslaughter n. 1 act of killing
a human being: pagpat
ay ng t
ao
2 killing a person unlawfully but
not intentionally: di-sinasady
ang
pagpat
ay ng t
ao, di-k
usang pagpat
ay
ng t
ao
manual n. a small book that explains how to use another book:
manw
al adj. of the hands, done
with the hands: pangkam
ay, u
kol sa
kam
ay
manure n. any substance put in or
on the soil to make it rich, fertilizer:
patab
a, ab
ono v. to put manure
or fertilizer in or on soil, plants, etc.:
magpatab
a, pabrik
ante
many adj. 1 mar
ami 2 very many:
napakar
ami, mar
aming-mar
ami 3
many times, often, many a time:
malimit, mar
aming u
lit (beses) 4
too many: l
abis-l
abis, s
obra-s
obra,
masy
adong mar
ami 5 twice as
many: d
oble, dalaw
ang-ib
ayo
map n. a at drawing of the earths
surface or part of it: m
apa v.
1 to make a map of: magm
apa,
im
apa, isam
apa, ig
uhit (igaw
a) ng
m
apa 2 to plan, arrange in detail:
magbalangk
as, balangkasin
marble n. 1 a hard substance,
white or colored, that will take a
beautiful polish: marm
ol 2 a small
ball of marble, clay, glass, etc., used
in games of the same name: h
olen,
h
olin, diy
olin 3 any game played

March
with marbles: h
olen, h
olin, diy
olin
adj. made of marble: marm
ol, yari
sa marm
ol, marmolis
ado
March n. the third calendar month:
M
arso
march n. 1 a music meant for
marching: m
artsa 2 act of marching: m
artsa, pagmam
artsa v. to
walk as soldiers do, in time and with
steps of the same length: magm
artsa
margarine n. a substitute for butter: margarin, margarina
margin n. 1 edge, border: gilid,
paligid 2 extra amount, amount
beyond what is necessary, allowance:
pal
abis, patag
ana, pas
obra, pata
an,
pal
ugit, pal
ugid 3 the space around
a page: mardyin, m
ardyin, marhin,
m
arhin, puw
ang sa paligid, pal
ugit
mark n. 1 a sign: tand
a, palatand
aan, tat
ak, mark
a 2 something
to be aimed at, target: ang
patatam
aan, ang tutudlain, t
arget
3 a grade: mark
a 4 a mark or sign
made by a sharp instrument: gatl
a
5 a mark or spot left on something:
bak
as v. 1 to make a mark on
or put ones name to show whose
a thing is: magtand
a, tanda
an,
magmark
a, markah
an, magtat
ak,
tatak
an 2 to make a mark with
a sharp instrument: maggatl
a,
gatla
an 3 to note, record: tanda
an
marker n. 1 a person who marks:
tagamark
a, tagapagtand
a 2 a thing
used for marking: pangmark
a,
panand
a 3 a bookmark: tat
ak 4 a
landmark: muh
on
market n. 1 palengke, pamilihan,
merk
ado, bar
aka 2 a chance to buy
or sell: mabibili, mabibilh
an v.
1 to buy: mamalengke, mamili 2
to sell: magtind
a, itind
a, magbili,

ipagbili
marriage n. 1 the ceremony of
marriage: pagkakas
al 2 a wedding:
kas
al, kas
alan 3 living together
as husband and wife, married life:
b
uhay may as
awa, pag-sas
amang

98

massage
mag-as
awa
martyr n. 1 one who suers even
death because of his religion or other
beliefs: martir 2 one who suers
much: mapagpakas
akit, mapagtiis
v. to put a person to death because
of his beliefs: pagmartirin, martirin,
patayin d
ahil sa pananampalat
aya
mash n. a soft mixture, a soft
mass: m
asa v. to beat into a soft
mass, crush into a uniform mass:
magm
asa, mas
ahin, magligis, ligisin
mask n. 1 a covering to hide or
protect the face: maskar
a 2 a
disguise: balatkay
o v. 1 to cover
the face with a mask: magmaskar
a,
maskarah
an 2 to use something
as a mask to cover the face: ip
ang
maskar
a
Mass n. 1 the sacrice oered in
the Catholic Church: misa 2 to go
to Mass: magsimb
a, sumimb
a 3 to
hear Mass: makinig ng misa 4 to
say Mass: magmisa
mass n. 1 a lump: b
ukol 2 mash:
m
asa 3 a large quantity together: tump
ok, bunt
on, kimp
al
4 a group: pangk
at, pulut
ong 5
the majority: ang karamihan, ang
nakarar
ami 6 the masses sometimes means the common people:
ang mga karaniwang t
ao, ang mga
karaniwang mamamay
an, ang mga
manggag
awa, karaniwang mamamay
an v. 1 to form into a mass,
bunch or collect together: mag-ipon,
ip
unin,
magkump
ol,
kumpulin,
magtump
ok, itump
ok 2 to gather
in a group: magtipon, magkatipon,
magtipun-tipon, pagtip
un-tip
unin
massacre n. a wholesale, ruthless
slaughter of people or animals:
pagpuks
a, pamumuks
a v. to
kill the helpless in large numbers:
puksain, pagpapatayin (nang wal
ang
awa)

massage n. 1 rubbing of muscles

and joints: mas
ahe, pagmas
ahe,
hilot, paghilot 2 a gentle massage:

massive
himas, h
agod v. 1 to give a
massage: magmas
ahe, masahihin,
humilot, hil
utin 2 to massage gently:
humimas, him
asin, him
as-him
asin,
hum
agod, hag
urin, hag
ud-hag
urin
massive adj. 1 large and heavy:
malaki at mabig
at 2 big and healthy:
matipun
o
master n. 1 a person who rules
or commands people or things:
pangino
on, a
mo 2 a male teacher:
maestro, g
urong lal
aki 3 head:
p
uno, pin
uno 4 head of a school,
principal: p
unong-g
uro, prinsip
al 5
an expert: dalubh
asa 6 a captain:
kapit
an 7 the owner: ang may-
ari,
propyet
aryo 8 director: patn
ugot,
tagapamatn
ugot 9 employer:
amo,
bos v. to master, to become skillful
at: magpakadalubh
asa, mags
anay
na mab
uti, magpakas
anay
masticate v. to chew: ngumuy
a,
nguyain, ngumat
a, ngatain
mat n. 1 bed mat: banig 2 door mat:
kusk
usan (pamahir
an, pamahiran)
ng pa
a, d
ormat
matador n. the man appointed to
kill the bull at bullght: matad
or
match n. 1 a person or thing equal
to another or much like another,
an equal: kapareho, kasuk
at 2
a pair that t: pareha, tamb
al,
p
ares 3 a person considered as a
possible husband or wife: magaling
(kab
agay) na maging kabiy
ak, b
agay
na maging as
awa (na mapangas
awa) v. 1 to nd the equal
of or one exactly like: magpareha,
ipareha 2 to be similar, go well
together: bum
agay, magkab
agay, tumugm
a, magkatugm
a, umagp
ang,
magkaagp
ang 3 to be equal to in
a contest: pumant
ay, pantay
an,
ipant
ay,
pumar
eho,
pareh
uhan,
ipareho 4 to put or place the equal
amount or value: tumumb
as, tumbas
an, pumant
ay, pantay
an 5 to try
ones skill, strength, etc., against,
oppose: lum
aban, lab
anan, il
aban

99

mean
matron n. 1 a married woman,
also a woman of established age
and dignity: Ginang 2 a woman
who manages the household matters
of a school, hospital, dormitory,
etc.: matr
ona, katiw
alang bab
ae,
direkt
ora
matter n. 1 thing: b
agay 2 subject:
paks
a
mature adj. 1 ripe: hin
og 2 full
grown: mag
ulang na, matand
a na,
hust
o na sa g
ulang (ed
ad) 3 fully
developed: gan
ap na, tap
os na,
y
ari na, hust
o na v. 1 to ripen,
to mature: mahin
og, gum
ulang 2
to fall due: mat
apos, dumating sa
takd
ang panah
on
may v. 1 expressing possibility,
chance, permission, etc.: maa
ari 2
in wishes such as May you be or
God grant: kahimanaw
ari, naw
a
3 to be possible or likely, but not
certain: bak
a, bak
a sak
ali, maa
ari
May n. the fth month of the year:
M
ayo
maybe adv. 1 possibly, perhaps, it
may be: maa
ari, bak
a, bak
a sak
ali,
sig
uro, mar
ahil 2 it seems: y
ata,
tila
mayonnaise n. a kind of salad
dressing: mayonesa
mayor n. alk
alde
meadow n. 1 low grassy land by
the bank of a stream: p
arang,
kapar
angan 2 pasture land: past
ulan
meal n. 1 the food eaten or served
at any one time: pagk
ain 2 breakfast: almus
al, ag
ahan 3 lunch: tanghalian, pananghalian 4 supper, dinner: hap
unan
mean v. 1 to have as a purpose,
have in mind: maghang
ad, hangarin,
magn
ais,
naisin,
magtangk
a,
tangkain, mag-isip, isipin, may
b
alak 2 to intend: sadyain, kus
ain,
tikisin 3 intend to say: gust
ong
sabihin, ibig sabihin 4 to signify,
denote: mangahulug
an, ipakahulug
an adj. 1 low in social position

meantime

100

or rank, humble: h
amak, ab
a,
mab
aba 2 of low quality or grade:
mahina, mab
aba, mahinang u
ri,
di-mah
usay, di-magaling 3 selsh:
masakim, makamk
am
meantime adv.
meanwhile:
samant
ala, h
abang, sa sandali
measles n. tigd
as
measure v. 1 to nd the size or
amount of anything: sum
ukat,
suk
atin 2 to get the measurements
of: k
unin ang s
ukat, suk
atan 3 to
nd the cubic contents of: magt
akal,
tum
akal, tak
alin 4 to be of a certain
size or amount: sum
ukat, may s
ukat
5 to compare with some other person or thing by estimating, judging,
or acting: sub
ukin, suk
atin, kilatisin
n. 1 a step toward a goal (action
meant as means to an end): hakb
ang
2 a proposed law: panuk
alang-bat
as
3 a law: bat
as 4 size: laki, s
ukat
5 quantity, degree, or proportion:
bah
agi 6 tape measure: medida 7 a
system of measurement: panukat
an,
sukat
an, takal
an, batay
an ng s
ukat
(timb
ang)
meat n. 1 the animal esh used for
food: karne, k
arne 2 food: pagk
ain
mechanic n. mek
aniko
medal n. a piece of metal like a coin
with a gure or inscription stamped
on it: med
alya
medicine n. 1 anything given in
treatment of disease or used to
cure disease: gam
ot, panggam
ot
2 science of curing disease: panggagam
ot, medisina 3 a remedy:
l
unas, panl
unas
medium adj. 1 having a middle
position, quality, or condition:
katamt
aman, kain
aman, kaay
usan,
kaigihan, katatag
an 2 the size:
midyum, katamtaman n. 1 that
which is in the middle: kalagitn
aan,
gitn
a 2 the means by which anything is done: para
an, kasangk
apan
3 a person who acts as a go-between:
tagapamagitan, ang namamagitan 4

memory

a person through whom supposed

messages from the world of spirits
are sent: midyum
meet v. 1 to come face to face with
someone coming from another direction: magkasal
ubong, masal
ubong,
makasal
ubong 2 to come together,
join: magtagp
o, magkatagp
o 3 to
receive and welcome on arrival:
sumal
ubong, salub
ungin 4 to be
introduced to, to know: magkil
ala,
makil
ala, magkakil
ala, kilal
anin,
makakil
ala 5 to meet a person on
the way (intentionally): sumal
ubong,
salub
ungin, sumal
uno, salun
uin
6 to nd, discover or meet (by
chance): makatagp
o, makasal
ubong,
magkita 7 to assemble: magtipon,
magtipun-tipon 8 to pay a bill, ones
debts, etc.: magb
ayad, bay
aran,
makab
ayad 9 to hold a meeting, as
a society: magp
ulong, magmiting 10
to meet needs, to satisfy the needs:
masapat
an, makasap
at, matugun
an,
makatug
on 11 to meet or satisfy
the wishes: magbig
ay, pagbigy
an 12
to meet or satisfy demands: matustus
an, tustus
an, masapat
an n. 1 a
meeting: p
ulong, kapulung
an, miting
2 a contest, esp. an athletic one:
paligs
ahan, laban
an 3 a gathering:
pagtitipon
meeting n. 1 a coming together of
persons: pagtatagp
o, pagkikita 2 becoming acquainted: pagkikil
ala 3 an
assembly or meeting for discussion,
etc.: p
ulong, pagpup
ulong, miting
4 an athletic contest: paligs
ahan,
laban
an 5 a gathering: pagtitipon
6 a receiving or welcoming one on
arrival: pagsal
ubong, pagsal
uno
melon n. mil
on
member n. 1 one who belongs to a
group: kas
api, ka
anib, miyembro 2
a member of a cabinet or the like:
kag
awad
memorize v. to commit to memory:
magsa
ulo, isa
ulo, saul
uhin, magmem
orya, mem
oryahin, tanda
an

mend

101

mill

memory n. 1 ability to remember:

ing small sounds: mikr
opono, maik,
mem
orya, ala
ala, gunit
a 2 somemayk
thing that is remembered: ala
ala,
microscope n. an instrument for
gunit
a 3 in memory of: bilang
making small things look larger:
ala
ala
mikrosk
opyo
mend v. 1 to repair: magkumpuni,
midday n. noon: tangh
ali, katangkumpunihin,
mag-
ayos,
ay
usin
halian, tangh
aling-tap
at
2 to mend by sewing: magsulsi,
middle n. 1 the point or part that
sulsih
an 3 to mend a shing net:
is the same distance from each end
maghay
uma, hayum
ahin 4 to mend
or side, center: gitn
a, kalagitn
aan
a roof, dress, etc., by patching:
2 in reference to time: kalahatian
magtagpi, tagpi
an n. 1 a spot
adj. 1 equally distant from each
that has been mended by patching:
end: panggitn
a, n
asa gitn
a (kalagtagpi, pinagtagpi
an 2 on the mend,
itn
aan) 2 in between, ordinary,
getting better: bumub
uti na, pabuti
average: katamt
aman, karaniwan,
na, pagaling na
kaigihan
mendicant adj. begging: nagp
apalimos, might n. 1 force, strength: lak
as
nabub
uhay sa pagpapalim
os n.
2 power: kapangyarihan 3 pt. of
beggar: pul
ubi, magpapalimos
may, possible, probable: maa
ari,
merchandise n. goods for sale:
puwede, bak
a sak
ali
kal
akal, panind
a, tind
a
mild adj. 1 kind: mabait 2 gentle:
merry adj. 1 joyous, fun-loving, full
mahin
ahon, ma
amo 3 temperof fun: masay
a 2 happy: malig
aya
ate, just enough: katamt
aman,
3 animated: masigl
a 4 amusing:
kain
aman, suw
abe 4 not strong
nakalilib
ang
(for drinks): hindi mat
apang 5
merry-go-round 1 n 2 a set of animoderate (in speech): malum
anay,
mals (usually wooden) that go round
malamig, mahinay
and round by machinery: tiyubibo
mile n. milya
message n. 1 words sent from one
milk n. 1 the white liquid from cows,
person to another: pahatid, pas
abi,
which we drink and use in cooking:
bilin 2 a formal communication, esp.
g
atas 2 coconut milk: gat
a 3 the sap
of an executive: mens
ahe 3 an erof certain plants: dagt
a v. to draw
rand: bilin, pabili
milk from a cow, goat, etc.: gum
atas,
messenger n. 1 one sent: s
ugo 2 a
gat
asan
messenger in a rm: mensahero 3 a
mill n. 1 a machine for grinding rice:
bringer of news: tagapagbalita, tagakiskisan, giling
an ng p
alay 2 a place

hatid ng balita
or plant for grinding rice: big
asan,
metaphor n. an implied comparkiskisan 3 a sugar mill: kaby
awan
ison between two dierent things:
v. 1 to mill or grind rice or corn:
met
apora
gumiling, gilingin, kumiskis, kiskisin
meter n. 1 measure of length:
2 to get rice milled: magpakiskis,
metro 2 something that measures or
ipakiskis, magpagiling, ipagiling 3
records: kontad
or 3 the measure in
to mill sugar cane: magkaby
aw,
a line of poetry: s
ukat
kumaby
aw, kabyawin 4 to get sugar
meticulous adj. very careful or
cane mill: magpakaby
aw, ipakaby
aw
too particular about small details:
5 to grind into powder (as coee or
maselan, maselang, delik
ado
cacao): gumiling, gilingin magmuli,
microbe n. a germ: mikr
obyo
mulihin 6 to move about in a circle
microphone n. a device for increasin a confused way: magpaikut-ikot,

million

102

umikut-ikot, paik
ut-ik
utin
million adj/n. mily
on, a
ngaw
millionaire n. 1 a person who has
a million dollars, pounds, francs etc.
in currency or assets: milyon
aryo/a
2 a very wealthy person: t
aong napakay
aman
mineral n. a substance obtained
by mining or digging in the earth:
al
mineral, miner
minister n. 1 a clergyman serving
a church, spiritual guide, pastor:
or 2 person who is
ministro, past
given charge of a department of the
government: ministro 3 a person
sent to a foreign country to represent his own government: ministro,
s
ugo v. to be of service or aid, be
helpful: maglingk
od, paglingkur
an,
tum
ulong, tul
ungan
minus n. the sign (-) meaning that
the quantity following is to be subtracted: menos adj. less, lacking,
decreased by: k
ulang, may b
awas, binaw
asan
minute (1) n. 1 one sixtieth of an
hour: min
uto 2 a short time: sandali 3 an exact point of time:
oras,
sandali 4 minutes of a meeting:
katitikan
minute (2) adj. 1 very small, tiny:
munting-munti, maliit na maliit,
napakaliit 2 detailed, exact: mas
usi,
eks
akto, maliw
anag
miracle n. 1 a wonderful happening
that is above, against, or independent of the known laws of nature:
himal
a, mil
agro 2 something marvelous, a wonder: kababalagh
an 3 remarkable example: katak
a-tak
a
mirror n. 1 a glass in which you can
see yourself, a looking glass: salamin
2 whatever reects or gives a true
description: tagapaglar
awan v. to
be reected or mirrored: malar
awan,
maaninag
mischievous adj. 1 full of mischief,
naughty: pilyo-a, malik
ot 2 full of
pranks and teasing fun: mapagbir
o,

mistake

mabiro, palabir
o
misfortune n. 1 bad luck: kasawian, kasawiang-p
alad, kamal
asan
2 adversity: kasama
ang-p
alad, kasawiang-p
alad 3 calamity: sakun
a,
kalamid
ad, kapahamak
an
misgiving n. 1 anxiety:
agam-
agam,
ala
ala, pag-aala
ala, pangamb
a, pangangamb
a 2 doubt, suspicion: d
uda,
pagdud
uda, hin
ala, paghihin
ala
miss v. 1 to fail to hit: hindi
(di, di-) tum
ama, tam
aan o
matam
aan, magmintis, sum
ala,
sanl
an (sal
ahan) 2 to fail to nd or
meet: di makita, di matagpu
an 3 to
fail to get: di mak
uha (makak
uha)
4 to let slip by, not seize, to lose:
mawal
a, makawal
a, makakawal
a,
mawal
an 5 to fail to catch: di
um
abot (ab
utan, maab
utan), mahuli

6 to leave out: mag-iwan, maiwan,

iwan, lumakt
aw, makalakt
aw, laktaw
an, malaktaw
an 7 to fail to hear:
di marinig 8 to misunderstand: di
maintindih
an, di maunaw
aan, di
mawat
asan, di maulinigan 9 to fail
to keep or be present at: di pum
asok,
magpaly
a, pumaly
a, lumiban n.
1 a form of address given to a girl
or to a woman who is not married:
binibini, Mis, Miss 2 a failure to
reach: di pag-
abot, pagkahuli 3 a
failure to hit: s
ala, mintis
missionary n. a person who goes
on the work of a religious mission:
misyonero, misyon
aryo adj. of
religious missions or missionaries:
u
kol sa mga misy
on o misyonero,
pangmisy
on, pangmisyonero
mist n. 1 a thin rain cloud: dagim
2 fog: u
lap 3 very light rain: amb
on
v. to rain in very ne drops:
umamb
on, umamb
un-amb
on
mistake n. 1 an error: mali,
pagkakamali, kamalian 2 fault:
s
ala, kasal
anan v. 1 to make a
mistake, to be mistaken: magkamali, mamali 2 to take wrongly:
pagkamal
an, mapagk
amalan, ipagka-

mister

103

mali 3 by mistake: nang di

sinasady
a, nang di nalal
aman
mister n. Gino
o, m
ama
mistress n. 1 the woman who
is at the head of the household:
mayb
ahay, in
a ng tah
anan, m
adre
de pamilya, ginang 2 a title given
to woman who has a thorough
knowledge or mastery of something, feminine form of master:
dalubh
asang bab
ae, bab
aing bihas
ang-bihas
a (bih
asang-bih
asa),
bab
aing espesyalista 3 a woman
teaching in a school, or giving
lessons in a special subject: maestra,
gur
o 4 a woman principal of
a school: prinsip
al, prinsipal,
p
unong-gur
o bab
ai 5 a woman who
improperly occupies the place of a
wife: kerida, bab
ae, kinakas
ama
mixed adj. magkah
alo, magkakah
alo,
hal
uan, h
alu-h
alo, magkalah
ok,
s
ama-s
ama
mixture n. 1 the act of mixing:
paghah
alo,
pagkakah
alo,
paglalah
ok, pagkakalah
ok, pagtitimpl
a,
pagkakatimpl
a 2 what has been
mixed: ang pinagh
alo (pinaglah
ok),
ang magkah
alo (magkakah
alo),
timpl
a, timpl
ada, tinimpl
a
model a small copy: mod
elo. 1
a gure in a clay or wax that is
to be copied in marble, bronze,
etc.: modelo, m
olde 2 the way in
which a thing is made, the style:
h
ugis, t
abas 3 a thing or person
to be copied or imitated: huw
aran,
tular
an , halimb
awa, modelo 4 a
person who poses for artists: modelo
v. 1 to follow as a model: tum
ulad,
tul
aran, humuw
ad, huwar
an, k
unang
halimb
awa, gum
aya, gay
ahin 2 to
make, shape, or fashion: magm
olde,
im
olde, magh
ugis, ih
ugis 3 to
design or plan: magdib
uho, idib
uho,
magpl
ano, ipl
ano adj. just right
or perfect, especially in conduct:
ulir
an, huw
aran
moderate adj. 1 kept or keeping

mop

within proper bounds, not extreme:

kain
aman, katamt
aman, kaigihan,
katatag
an 2 calm, not violent:
mahin
ahon, malamig, matimpi
3 fair, medium, not very large
or good: katamt
aman, kain
aman,
pangkaraniwan
modern adj.
of
the
present
time:
moderno,
makab
ago,
pangkasaluk
uyan n. a person
who has modern ideas and tastes:
moderno, makab
ago
Mohammedan n. a follower of Mohammed, a believer of his religion:
mahomet
ano, Moh
amedan, M
oro
mole n. a spot on the skin, usually
brown: t
aling, nun
al
moment n. 1 a very short space of
time, an instant: sandali, saglit 2
importance: halag
a, kahalag
ahan
Monday n. the second day of the
week: L
unes
money n. 1 coins or paper notes:
kuw
arta, kuw
alta, salapi, pera,
dinero 2 wealth: y
aman, kayam
anan
3 to make or earn money: kumita ng
salapi
monkey n. 1 an animal of the group
most like man: matsing, ts
unggo
2 one of the smaller types of this
group: ungg
oy
monster n. a huge creature or
thing: napakalaking halimaw, napakalaking h
ayop, hig
ante adj.
huge: napakalaki, malaking-malaki
month n. buw
an
monument n. 1 something set up to
keep a person or an event from being forgotten: bant
ayog, monumento
2 an enduring or prominent instance:
sagisag, simbulo
mood n. a state of mind or feeling:
lag
ay ng lo
ob, kalag
ayan, kalo
oban,
kondisy
on
mop n. a bundle of coarse yarn, rags,
or cloth fastened at the end of a stick
for cleaning oors, etc.: panlamp
aso,
lamp
aso v. 1 to clean with a mop:
maglamp
aso, lampas
uhin 2 to wipe

morality

104

up: magp
unas, pun
asan
morality n. moralid
ad, kalinisangasal

more adj/adv. 1 l
alo, l
alo pa,
l
along mar
ami, higit, l
abis, pa
2 more or less, about: humigitkum
ulang, mga, mas
morning n. the early part of the
day, ending at noon: um
aga adj.
of the morning: pang-um
aga, u
kol
sa um
aga
mortality n. 1 the loss of life on a
large scale: pagkakamat
ay, d
ami ng
namamat
ay 2 mortal nature, being
sure to die sometime: tiy
ak na pagkamat
ay
mortar n. 1 a device for pounding
rice or corn: lus
ong 2 a bowl made
of stone in which substances may
be pounded: almires 3 a kind of
weapon: m
ortar, maikling kany
on
mortgage n. 1 a claim on property
given to a person who has loaned
money in case the money is not repaid when due: sangl
a, sanl
a 2 a
state or condition of being pledged as
security for a debt: pagkakasangl
a 3
the act of mortgaging: pagsasangl
a
4 monthly payment made on property bought: sangl
a v. to give a
lender a claim to ones property in
case a debt is not paid when due:
magsangl
a, isangl
a
mosaic n. small pieces of stone,
glass, wood, etc. of dierent colors
inlaid to form a design: mos
aik
mosquito n. lam
ok
moss n. very small, soft, green
plants that grow close together like
a carpet on the ground, on rocks, on
trees, etc.: l
umot
most adj. 1 the greatest quantity,
degree or amount of, rendered in
most cases by the prex pinaka
with the adjective or adverb, e.g.
The most beautiful: Ang pinakamagand
a. Also by kaan, kahan
plus reduplication of the root of
the adjectives, e.g. Most beau-

mourning

tiful: Kagand
a-gand
ahan 2 the
greatest number of, almost all: ang
karamihan v. the greatest number,
amount, etc.: ang pinakamalaki, ang
pinakamar
ami adv. in or to the
greatest extent: nang higit sa lah
at
moth n. 1 a small winged insect
that ies about a ame: gamugam
o
2 clothes-moth: tang
a 3 a broadwinged insect very much like a
buttery, but ying mostly at night:
marip
osa
mother n. 1 a female parent: in
a,
in
ang, in
ay, n
anay, mam
a 2 mother
and child: mag-in
a adj. native:
sarili, in
a
motion n. 1 a movement: kilos,
pagkilos, gal
aw, paggal
aw 2 a formal
suggestion made at a meeting:
mungk
ahi, mosy
on, panuk
ala
v. to make a movement, as of the
hand or head, to show ones meaning: sumenyas, senyas
an, isenyas,
humudy
at, hudyat
an, ihudy
at
motor n. an engine which makes
a thing go: m
akina, m
otor v. to
travel by automobile: mag-
awto,
magk
otse adj. run by motor: de
mot
or, de m
akina
motorboat n. a boat that is run by
a motor: l
antsa, bangk
ang de mot
or
motorcycle n. a bicycle run by a
motor: motorsiklo
mound n. 1 a bank or heap of
earth or stones: tamb
ak, bunt
on 2 a
hillock: puns
o
mountain n. 1 a very high hill:
bund
ok 2 a very large heap or pile of
anything: malaking tamb
ak adj. 1
of or having to do with mountains:
ng (sa) bund
ok 2 mountainous:
mabund
ok, bund
ukin
mounting n. a support, setting,
etc.: salalay
an, patung
an, kabitan
adj. rising, increasing: tumata
as,
pata
as, parami
mourning n. 1 wearing of a color,
usually black, to signify death in
the family: pagluluks
a 2 wailing or

mouth

105

lamentation: panagh
oy, pananagh
oy,
pan
angis, panan
angis 3 to be in or
wear mourning: magluks
a adj.
of mourning, used in mourning:
panluks
a, sa pagluluks
a
mouth n. 1 the opening through
which an animal or man takes in
food: bibig, bung
anga 2 a grimace:
pagl
abi, ngisi, ngiwi, pagngiwi
v. to utter words in an aected
pompous way: maghamb
og sa
pagsasalit
a
move v. 1 to put in a dierent place:
maglipat, ilipat 2 to change ones
place of living: lumipat, bum
ago
(mag-ib
a) ng lug
ar o tir
ahan 3 to
cause a person to be transferred:
magpalipat, palip
atin, ilipat 4 to
change position: magb
ago (bum
ago)
ng
ayos 5 to change position:
gumal
aw, igal
aw, galawin, tuminag,
tin
agin, kumib
o, ikib
o, kibuin,
kumilos, ikilos, kil
usin 6 to be able
to change position of: maikib
o,
makakib
o, maigal
aw, makagal
aw,
maikilos,
makakilos,
matinag,
makatinag 7 to put in motion,
shake, stir: magpagal
aw, pagalawin,

magpakib
o, pakibuin, magpakilos,
pakil
usin 8 to be impelled or
aroused: mapilitan 9 to bring
forward a suggestion, propose: magmungk
ahi, imungk
ahi 10 to move
over (standing or sitting): umipod,
umipud-ipod, um
usod, um
usud-
usod
n. 1 the act of moving: kilos,
pagkilos, kib
o, pagkib
o, gal
aw,
paggal
aw, tinag, pagtinag 2 an act of
step in carrying out a plan: kilus
an
3 a change of residence: paglipat,
pagb
ago (pag-ib
a) ng tir
ahan
movie n. a motion picture: sine,
pelikula
moving adj. 1 causing action:
nagpapagal
aw, nagpapakilos, nagpapasigl
a 2 touching, pathetic:
kalun
us-lun
os,
makabagb
ag-p
uso,
makabagb
ag-damd
amin, makap
ukaw
ng damd
amin 3 that moves:

municipal

gumagal
aw, kumikilos
mow v. 1 to cut down with a machine or scythe: magt
abas, tab
asin,
gum
apas, gap
asin 2 to mow the grass
or grain from: gap
asan, tab
asan
Mrs. n. a title put in front of a married womans name: Ginang, misis
much adj. great in quantity and
amount: mar
ami, malaki adv.
1 frequently: madal
as, malimit,
masy
ado 2 to a great degree:
mar
ami, mab
uti n. 1 a large
amount: mar
ami 2 much more: l
alo
pa, higit pa 3 very much: lubh
a,
l
abis, mar
aming-mar
ami 4 too
much: lubh
ang mar
ami, masy
adong
mar
ami, napakar
ami, s
obra, l
abis 5
how much (in cost): magk
ano 6 how
much (in quantity or degree): ga
ano
mucus n. a slimy substance that
moistens the linings of the body:
u
hog
mud n. 1 earth so wet that it is soft
and slimy: p
utik 2 a muddy place:
putik
an 3 mud or clay used for making pots, jars, etc.: lu
ad
muddy adj. 1 having much mud:
map
utik, putik
an 2 covered with
mud: pun
o ng p
utik, map
utik, p
uro
p
utik 3 clouded with mud, dull,
not pure: mal
abo, marumi v.
1 to make muddy: magpap
utik,
pagputikin
2 become muddy:
magp
utik
mug n. 1 a heavy china or metal
drinking cup with a handle: t
aro,
s
aro 2 a drinking vessel made from
coconut shell and used in barrios:
t
abo, lumb
o
mulatto n. a person having one
white parent and one Negro parent:
mul
ato
mule n. an animal which is half donkey and half horse: m
ula, m
ola
mullet n. a kind of edible sh: b
anak
mumps n. a contagious disease
marked by swelling of the neck:
baiki, biki
municipal adj. of a city or

mural

106

town: pangmunisipyo, munisip

al,
pamb
ayan, u
kol sa (
ari ng) munisipyo, ng munisipyo
mural n. a picture painted on a
wall: lar
awang nakapint
a sa pader,
miy
ural
murder n. the unlawful killing of a
human being when it is planned beforehand: pagpat
ay sa t
ao, sady
ang
pagpat
ay sa t
ao v. to kill thus:
pumat
ay ng t
ao
muse n. the spirit that gives a
poet or composer his ideas: m
usa,
paral
uman,
lakambini,
diw
ata
v. to think in a dreamy way:
magm
uni-m
uni, pagmuni-muniin,

magnilay-nilay,
pagnil
ay-nil
ayin,
mag-isip-isip, pag-isip-isipin
mushroom n. a small fungus
shaped like an umbrella that grows
very fast: kabute
music n. 1 the art of making sounds
that are beautiful: m
usika 2 a musical composition: tugt
ugin 3 to set to
music, to provide the words of a song
with music: magl
apat ng tugt
ugin
musician n. a person skilled in music: m
usiko, manunugt
og
mussel n. a shellsh having two
parts to its shell, living in either
salt or fresh water: tuly
a, tah
ong,
kaby
a, luk
an
must v. 1 to be obliged to, be
forced to: kail
angan, kinakail
angan
2 ought to, should: d
apat, narar
apat
3 to be certain to be, do, or happen:
talag
a, tiy
ak n. a thing absolutely
necessary: (b
agay na) kail
angangkail
angan
(lubh
ang
kail
angan)
adj. important and essential:
mahalag
a at kail
angan
mustard n. a plant whose seeds
have a sharp, hot taste: must
asa
mute adj. 1 speechless: wal
ang imik,
umid 2 dumb: pipi 3 deaf and dumb:
bingi at pipi n. a person who cannot speak: pipi, t
aong pipi
my pron. of me, belonging to me:
akin, ko

namesake

myself pron. used instead of I or

me for emphasis: rendered by ak
o
na rin, ak
o mismo, ak
ong it
o
mysterious adj. full of mystery,
dicult to explain: mahiw
aga,
mistery
oso/sa

N
nail n. 1 a small, slender piece of
metal used as a fastener or peg:
p
ako 2 the hard layer at the end
of a nger or toe: kuk
o v. 1 to
fasten with nails: magp
ako, ip
ako,
pak
uan 2 to hold or keep xed:
mapirmi, ipirmi, map
ako, ip
ako
3 to catch, seize: hum
uli, mah
uli,
hulihin, dumakip, madakip, dakpin,
mas
ubok, sub
ukin 4 to hit the nail
on the head, sometimes means to
say or do just right: mawast
o,
tum
ama, tam
aan, matump
ak
naked adj. 1 with no clothes on,
completely naked: hub
ot hub
ad
2 bare from waist up: hub
ad 3
bare from waist down: hub
o 4 not
covered: wal
ang takip, wal
ang b
alot,
tiwangw
ang, nakatiwangw
ang 5 the
naked truth, the plain truth without
ornament: talag
ang (pay
ak na)
katotoh
anan, hub
ad na katotoh
anan
name n. 1 a word or words by which
a person, animal, place or thing is
spoken of or to: pang
alan, ng
alan 2
a word that means any object, or
any one of a group of objects: t
awag,
katawag
an 3 reputation: p
uri,
karang
alan, mab
uting pang
alan 4
title: pamag
at, titulo v. 1 to give
a name to: magng
alan, ngal
anan,
pangal
anan, ing
alan, ipang
alan 2
to mention by name: sabihin ang
pang
alan 3 to give or know the
right name for: al
am ang pang
alan
ng o ang t
awag sa 4 to mention,
give as an instance, cite: bumanggit,
banggitin, tum
ukoy, tuk
uyin
namesake n. one having the

nap

107

same Christian name as another:

kapang
alan, tuk
ayo, katuk
ayo
nap n. 1 a short sleep: idlip 2 the
soft, short, woolly threads or hairs
on the surface of cloth: balahibo,
mulm
ol, himulm
ol 3 to take a
short sleep: umidlip, maidlip 4 to
be caught napping; to be caught
unprepared: mah
uli nang hindi
hand
a
narrate v. 1 to tell the story
of: magkuwento, ikuwento, magbid
a, magbida, ibida 2 to relate:
magsalays
ay, isalays
ay, magsays
ay,
isays
ay
narration n. 1 telling: pagsasalays
ay,
pagkukuwento, pagbibida, pagbibid
a
2 a story, account: kuwento,
salays
ay, talamb
uhay, kasays
ayan
narrow adj. 1 not wide, having
little width: makitid, makipot 2 limited, small (in number): kakaunti,
iil
an 3 close, with a small margin:
babahagy
a, mahigpit 4 prejudiced:
may kinikilingan 5 lacking breadth
of view, narrow-minded: makitid
ang isip v. 1 to decrease in width,
become narrow: kumipot, kumitid
2 to make narrow: magpakipot,
pakip
utin, magpakitid, pakitirin
nasty adj. 1 disgustingly dirty,
lthy: napakarumi, nakapandidiri
2 morally lthy, vile: mahal
ay,
marumi, masagw
a, bast
os
3
very
unpleasant:
napakasam
a,
napakap
angit
native n. a person born in a certain
country: t
aong an
ak (t
ubo, sibol)
sa is
ang bans
a, mamamay
an
adj. 1 born in a certain place or
country: katut
ubo, ta
al 2 belonging
to a person because of his birth:
sarili, katut
ubo 3 born in a person,
natural: katut
ubo, lik
as, natur
al 4
originating, grown, or produced in a
certain place: katut
ubo
natural adj. 1 produced by nature:
lik
as, natur
al 2 inborn, belonging to
the nature one has: katut
ubo, lik
as

neck

3 like nature, true to nature: p

arang
natur
al, p
arang buh
ay (toto
o) 4
free from aectation or restraint:
natur
al, p
arang toto
o 5 in accordance with the nature of things or
the circumstances of a case: natur
al
6 of or about nature: ng (tungk
ol
sa) kalik
asan
nature n. 1 the world, all things except those made by man: kalik
asan
2 instinctive behavior: katut
ubong
ug
ali (kaugalian), kalik
asan 3
essential quality or character of a
thing: sariling katangian, katangiang
kail
angan 4 sort, kind: u
ri, kl
ase 5
human nature: lik
as na pagkat
ao,
pagkat
ao
naughty adj. 1 mischievous, badly
behaved: malik
ot, pilyo/a 2 not
obedient: di-masun
urin, masuw
ayin,
matig
as ang u
lo
navel n. the hollow in front of the
abdomen: p
usod
near adj. 1 not distant, close:
mal
apit 2 not far from, close
to: mal
apit sa 3 close in feeling:
mat
alik, mal
apit 4 near at hand,
within easy reach: maaab
ot 5 not
far in the future: nalalapit na, hindi
magtatag
al v. to come or draw
near to: lum
apit adv. 1 almost,
nearly: h
alos 2 becoming or getting
near: palapit, nalalapit
neat adj. 1 clean and in order:
ma
ayos, malinis at m
aayos 2 able
to and willing to keep things in order: mapag-
ayos, masinop, maimis
3 well-formed: ma
ayos, n
asa a
yos,
hust
ung-hust
o ang a
yos 4 skillful,
clever: malinis (makinis) na d
aya 5
without anything mixed in it: p
uro,
wal
ang h
alo
necessary adj. that must be, that
must be done, required: kail
angan,
kinakail
angan, n. something necessary: pangangail
angan, kail
angan
neck n. 1 the part of the body that
connects the head with the shoulders: leeg, liig 2 the part of a gar-

need

108

ment that ts the neck: leeg ng damit

3 to be neck and neck, to be even
in a race or contest (use adj): p
atas,
tabl
a, pant
ay
need n. 1 want, lack of a useful or
desired thing: kawal
an, kakulang
an
2 thing wanted or lacking, that for
which a want is felt: kail
angan, pangangail
angan 3 necessity, something
that has to be: kail
angan, pangangail
angan v. 1 to be in want of,
ought to have, be unable to do
without: mangail
angan, kailang
anin
2 must, should, have to or ought
to: d
apat, narar
apat, kail
angan,
kinakail
angan
neglect v. 1 to give little care or
attention to: hindi asikas
uhin,
magk
ulang, pagkul
angan 2 to leave
undone,
abandon:
magpabay
a,
pabay
aan 3 to omit, to fail:
kalim
utan 4 to forget: makalim
utan
5 to overlook: kaligta
an, kalingat
an,
n. 1 neglecting: pagpapabay
a,
kapabaya
an 2 want of attention to
what should be done: pagkuk
ulang 3
oversight: pagkaligt
a, pagkaling
at
negligent adj. 1 neglectful, showing
neglect: pabay
a, mapagpabay
a 2
indierent: wal
ang bah
ala, mapagpabay
a
3 careless: wal
ang
ingat
Negro n. a person belonging to any
of the black races of Africa: Negro,
itim
nephew n. a son of ones brother or
sister, son of ones brother-in-law or
sister-in-law: pamangking lal
aki
nest n. 1 p
ugad 2 a place that
swarms, usually with something
bad: p
ugad, pamugar
an v. to
make and use a nest: magp
ugad,
pamug
aran, pagpug
aran
net n. 1 lamb
at 2 a big shing net:
p
ukot, pam
ukot 3 a mosquito net:
kulamb
o, muskitero 4 a hair net:
hernet, lamb
at sa buh
ok (
ulo) 5 a
net for catching butteries, birds, locusts, etc.: saky
od 6 a trap or snare:

niece

silo, bitag, patib

ong 7 remaining
amount after deduction, free from
deductions: neto v. 1 to catch in
a net: manlamb
at, lambatin 2 to net
sh: mam
ukot, manlamb
at 3 to gain
interest: magt
ubo, tum
ubo 4 to
benet: pakinab
angan, makin
abang
never adv. 1 not ever, at no time:
hindi kailanm
an 2 not at all:
hinding-hindi, talag
ang hindi
new adj. 1 never having been
before, now rst made: b
ago 2 lately
(plus the corresponding Eng. verb):
b
ago, e.g. (a) lately grown: b
agong
t
ubo (tanim) (b) lately picked:
b
agong pit
as (c) lately come: b
agong
dating (d) lately made: b
agong y
ari
3 not worn or used up: hindi pa
naisusu
ot (nagag
amit) 4 as if new,
fresh: panib
ago 5 dierent, changed:
ib
a, b
ago 6 later, modern, recent:
makab
ago 7 not yet accustomed to:
baguh
an, hindi pa hirati, bagito
adv. newly: b
ago
newspaper n. pahayag
an, pery
odiko,
diy
aryo
next adj. 1 nearest: kasun
od, katabi,
kapiling 2 following: sumusun
od,
kasun
od 3 coming: dar
ating prep.
nearest to: katabing-katabi (ng),
kasiping na kasiping (ng), pinakamal
apit (sa) adv. in the following
sequence or place: pagkat
apos,
kasun
od
nibble v. to eat away with quick,
small bites: magkuk
ot, kukutin n.
a small bite: kuk
ot, maliit na kag
at
nice adj. 1 pleasing, agreeable:
nakal
ulugod, kalug
ud-lug
od 2 satisfactory: nakasisiya, kasiy
a-siy
a,
mah
usay 3 proper, suitable: b
agay,
angk
op 4 very particular, dainty, fastidious: maselan, maselang, masiba,
pihikan 5 very ne, minute, subtle:
napakaliit, lubh
ang maliit
nickname n. a familiar name used
instead of a persons real name:
pal
ayaw v. to give a nickname to:
ipal
ayaw, palay
awan

night

109

niece n. a daughter of ones brother

or sister, or of a sister-in-law or
brother-in-law: pamangking bab
ae
night n. the time between evening
and morning: gabi adj. 1 of night:
panggabi, sa gabi 2 the whole night:
magdam
ag 3 midnight: hatinggabi
nightgown n. the garment of a
woman or child worn in bed: damit
na pantul
og, naytgaun
nightmare n. 1 a very distressing
dream: bang
ungot 2 a frightening or
distressing experience: nakatat
akot
na karanas
an 3 to have a nightmare:
bang
ungutin
nine n/adj. nuwebe, siy
am
nineteen adj. disinuwebe, labinsiy
am
nip v. 1 to snip o (esp. with
ngers): kumitil, kitilin, kitlin 2 to
bite suddenly: kumag
at na bigl
a,
kagating bigl
a 3 to pinch (with
thumb and nger or with the nails):
mangur
ot, kumur
ot, kurutin 4 to
spoil, injure as plants nipped by
frost: sumir
a, masir
a, sir
ain n.
a sharp cold, chill: matinding lamig
nipa n. 1 an East Indian palm: nipa,
p
uno ng sas
a 2 a thatch made of
its leaves: sas
a, p
awid
nipple n. 1 a small projection
through which a baby animal gets
its mothers milk: ut
ong 2 a rubber
cap or mouthpiece of a babys
bottle: tsup
on, tetilya
nit n. 1 egg of a louse: lis
a,
itl
og ng k
uto 2 young of a louse:
kuy
umad v. to pick out nits
and/or lice: maghiniksik, hiniksik
an,
maghing
uto, hingut
uhan
no n. a negative answer: hindi
adj. not any, not a: wal
a adv.
not in any degree: hindi na n. a
vote against: k
ontra, t
utol, l
aban
noble adj. 1 high or great by birth,
rank or title: mah
arlika, mata
as,
mah
al 2 high or great in character, showing greatness of mind:
marang
al, dakila 3 excellent, ne,

nose

splendid, magnicent: napakagand

a,
napakarikit n. a person high or
great by birth: t
aong mah
arlika,
mata
as na (dakilang) t
ao
nocturnal adj. 1 of the night: panggabi 2 in the night: sa gabi
nod v. 1 to bow the head slightly
and raise it again quickly: tumang
o
2 to let the head fall forward and
bob about when sleepy: magyukay
ok,
magtukat
ok, magtukaki 3 to say yes
by nodding: tumang
o, tangu
an 4 to
be sleepy: mag-ant
ok, magyukay
ok,
magtukat
ok n. 1 a bowing of
the head: tang
o, pagtang
o 2 a
nodding of the head as when sleepy:
pagyuyukay
ok, pagtutukat
ok
noise n. 1 a sound that is not
pleasant or musical: ingay 2 clamor:
lingg
al, kaing
ayan, pagkakaingay
v. 1 to tell, spread the news: magbalita, mabalita, ibalita, ipamalita
2 to make a noise: mag-ing
ay,
umingay, paing
ayin
noisy adj. making much noise:
nagkakaing
ay, maingay
noodle n. a mixture of our and
water like macaroni: mike, bihon,
miswa
noon n. 1 the middle of the day:
tangh
ali, al
as-d
ose ng tangh
ali 2
high noon: katanghalian, tangh
aling
tap
at
normal adj. 1 of the usual standard, regular, usual: karaniwan,
pangkaraniwan, norm
al, katamt
aman
2 not insane: ma
ayos (mab
uti) ang
isip, matin
o, hindi l
oko/a, hust
o
ang bait n. the usual state or
level: katamt
aman, karaniwan
north n. hilag
a, n
orte adv.
toward the north: pahil
aga, pan
orte
nose n. 1 the part of the face just
above the mouth: il
ong 2 sense of
smell: pangam
oy 3 the part that
stands out, esp. the bow of a ship or
boat: ng
uso, ung
os v. 1 to smell:
umam
oy, amuy
an, maamuy
an 2
to pry into: umam
oy, amuy
an,

not

110

hum
anap, han
apin, magmanm
an,
3 to poke ones nose into other
peoples business (coll.), to interfere:
makial
am, pakialam
an 4 to pay
through the nose (coll.), to pay
too much: magb
ayad nang l
abis
(napakamah
al) 5 to blow the nose:
suming
a, ising
a, pasingahin 6 to
wipe the nose: magp
ahid ng il
ong,
ong 7 bridge of the
pahiran ang il
nose: baling
usan
not adv. 1 hindi 2 not present, absent: wal
a 3 not so: hindi ga
ano,
hindi lubh
a, hindi masy
ado 4 do
not: huw
ag
note n. 1 a short sentence, phrase or
word to remind one of what was in a
book, etc.: tal
a, not
a 2 a comment,
remark or piece of information:
pansin, pun
a 3 a very short letter:
maikling sul
at (lih
am, kalat
as)
v. 1 to write down something to
be remembered: magtal
a, ital
a 2
to observe, notice, give attention
to: pumansin, pansinin, pumun
a,
punahin, magmaty
ag, matyag
an
nothing pron. not anything: wal
a
n. 1 zero: wal
a, sero 2 a thing (or
person) of no importance or signicance: bag
ay na (t
aong) wal
ang halag
a, wal
ang anum
an, wal
ang b
agay
notice n. 1 heed, attention: pansin
2 a warning: babal
a 3 a written or
printed sign: paun
awa, patalast
as,
pabatid 4 telling that one is leaving
a persons employ: pa
unang-s
abi
5 a written or printed account
in a newspaper: balita, pah
ayag,
paun
awa, patalast
as v. 1 to give
attention to, see: pumansin, mapansin, pansinin, pumun
a, mapun
a,
punahin, umin
o, main
o, inuhin 2
to give notice that one will leave
ones employ, etc.: magbig
ay-al
am
or mags
abi
novel n. a story with characters and
a plot: nobela, kathamb
uhay adj.
new, of a new king or nature: b
ago,
nabab
ago, naiib
a

nurse

November n. Nobyembre
now 1 the present time, this time:
ngay
on 2 now that: ngay
ong... 3
since: y
amang, yay
amang 4 at this
time: ngay
on, sa kasaluk
uyan 5 by
this time: sa o
ras na it
o, sa ngay
on
6 as things are, as it is: ngay
on,
sa kasaluk
uyan 7 just now, only
a few moments ago: kani-kanina
l
amang, ngay
on l
amang, ngay
unngay
on l
amang 8 now and then,
or now and again, from time to
time, once in a while: paminsanminsan, maminsan-minsan, kung
magkaminsan
nude adj. completely naked: hub
ot
hub
ad, wal
ang damit
numb adj. having lost the power
of feeling or moving: manhid na
mamanhid, wal
ang pakiramd
am,
hindi nakakaramd
am v. 1 to
make numb: magpamanhid, papamanhirin 2 to dull the feelings of:
magpataml
ay, patamlayin,
number n. 1 the count or sum of
a group of things or persons: bilang
2 a number that tells how many, a
numeral: n
umero, bilang 3 a large
quantity: d
ami 4 an issue of a magazine: lab
as, bilang 5 single part of a
program: bilang v. 1 to count, nd
out the number: bumilang, bil
angin
2 to give a number to: magn
umero,
numeruh
an
numbness n.
lack
of
feeling
or movement, numb condition:
manhid,
pamamanhid,
mitig,
pamimitig, ng
alay, pangang
alay,
ngimay, pangingimay (Mitig,
Ngalay and Ngimay connote
numbness due to fatigue.)
nun n. 1 a woman belonging to a religious congregation: m
adre 2 a contemplative nun: m
ongha
nurse n. a person who takes care
of the sick, etc.: nars, n
arses
v. 1 to act as a nurse for sick
people: mag-al
aga ng may sakit,
alag
aan ang maysakit 2 to nourish,

nurture

111

make grow, protect: magsimp

an,
magtanim, mag-al
aga 3 to use or
treat with special care: mag-al
aga,
alag
aan 4 to give milk to a baby:
magpas
uso, pasus
uhin 5 to suck
milk from a mother: sum
uso 6 a wet
nurse: mam
ay, sisiwa
nurture n. rearing, bringing up,
training: pagpapalaki, pag-aal
aga
v. to rear, bring up, care for, etc.:
magpalaki, palakihin, mag-al
aga,
alag
aan
nut n. 1 dry fruit or seed with a
kernel in a hard shell: nuwes 2
peanut: mani 3 a kind of nut similar to cashew nut: pili 4 walnut:
nuwes de nog
al 5 coconut: niy
og 6 a
small block, usually of metal, which
screws on to a bolt: tuwerka 7 a
crazy person (slang): l
oko/a, hib
ang
nutmeg n. a hard spicy seed from
the fruit of an East Indian tree:
nuwes musk
ada
nutritious adj. nourishing, healthgiving:
pampalus
og,
nakapagpapalus
og,
nakapagpapatab
a,
masust
ansiya
nymph n. a lesser goddess of nature:
nimpa, diw
ata

O
oatmeal n. oats made into a breakfast cereal:
otmil
oblique adj. 1 slanting: pahiwid,
pahilis, pahilig, tagilid, patagilid,
pair
ap 2 indirect, not straightforward: pasabl
ay, padaplis, paiw
as
observe v. 1 to see and note, notice:
pumansin, mapansin, pansinin,
pumun
a, mapun
a, punahin 2 to examine (closely), study: magsiy
asat,
siyas
atin, mag-obserb
a, obserbah
an,
mag-
aral, pag-ar
alan 3 to watch
closely: magbant
ay, bantay
an 4 to
observe cautiously: magmanm
an,
manman
an, magmaty
ag, matyag
an
5 to remark: pumun
a, punahin,

occupied

pumansin, pansinin 6 to keep,

follow in practice: tumup
ad, tupdin,
sumun
od, sundin, guman
ap, ganapin
7 to observe things close at hand:
magmasid, pagmasd
an 8 to show
regard for, celebrate: magdiwang,
ipagdiwang
obsolete adj. no longer in use, out
of date: lip
as na, la
os na, hindi na
ginag
amit
obstruct v. 1 to block up, make
hard to pass through: humadl
ang,
hadlang
an, hum
arang, har
angan,
bumar
a, barah
an, sumagwil, sagwil
an 2 to prevent or impede:
sumaw
ata, masaw
ata, sawat
ain 3
to hinder, be in the way of: pumigil,
makapigil, pigilin
obstruction n. 1 a thing that
obstructs, something in the way:
hadl
ang, sag
abal, sagwil, bal
akid,
bar
a, h
alang 2 the act of blocking,
hindering: paghadl
ang, pagsag
abal,
pagh
alang, pagpigil
obtain v. to get: kum
uha, k
unin,
magkamit,
kamt
an,
magtam
o,
tamuhin
obtuse adj. 1 not sharp or acute:
bik
a, bisakl
at 2 blunt or rounded
at the extremity, opposed to acute:
bilug
an ang d
ulo 3 stupid, dull
intellectually: tang
a, mahina ang

u
lo (isip), mapur
ol ang u
lo
occupation n. 1 business, employment, trade: tungk
ulin, trab
aho,
hanapb
uhay, gaw
ain 2 what one
is continually doing: ang ginagaw
a (inaat
upag), trab
aho 3 the
state of being busy: karamihan ng
gaw
ain (ginagaw
a, trab
aho) 4 act
of occupying, e.g. by a country:
pags
akop, panan
akop 5 the state
of being occupied as by an enemy
of a country or town: pagkas
akop,
pagkakas
akop 6 taking residence in
a house, etc., occupying: pagtir
a,
pagt
ahan, pag-okup
a
occupied adj. 1 not vacant: may
t
ao, may nakatir
a, okup
ado, hindi

October

112

bak
ante 2 busy: okup
ado, matrab
aho, mar
aming ginagaw
a 3
being used: ginag
amit
October n. Okt
ubre
odor n. 1 smell: am
oy 2 a bad odor:
masam
ang am
oy 3 a nice odor:
masar
ap na am
oy 4 a sweet, nice,
pleasant smell: bang
o 5 scent, fragrance: bang
o, halim
uyak 6 Tagalog
terms for dierent kinds of odor,
odor of burnt food esp. rice: angi 7
odor of sh: lans
a 8 odor of milk:
angg
o 9 disagreeable odor: ang
ot 10
oensive odor: b
aho, aling
asaw 11
repulsive odor: ant
ot 12 repulsive
body odor or odor of a goat: anghit
13 strong odor: sangs
ang
of prep. 1 belonging to: ng, ni 2
made from: y
ari sa 3 concerning
or in regard to: tungk
ol sa 4 from:
g
aling sa, mul
a sa 5 which (who)
has: na may (mayro
on) 6 among: sa
o adj. 1 from: mul
a sa, b
uhat
(g
aling) sa 2 from here: mul
a
rito 3 from now: mul
a ngay
on 4
wholly, in full: lub
os, lub
usan, lah
at,
lah
atan 5 away, at a distance, to a
distance: palay
o, paalis 6 adv/prep
away from, far from: wal
a sa,
mal
ayo sa, palay
o. adj/prep.
1 not on, loose: tangg
al 2 o and on,
from time to time: manak
a-nak
a,
panak
a-nak
a,
maminsan-mins
an,
paminsan-minsan 3 to be well o:
nakaririwas
a
oering n. 1 giving something as
an act of worship: paghahand
og,
pag- a
alay, pagsasakripisyo 2 contribution: ab
uloy 3 something given
as an act of worship:
alay, hand
og,
sakripisyo
oce n. 1 position, esp. a public
one: tungk
ulin, katungk
ulan 2
the duty of ones position, task,
job, work: tungk
ulin, katungk
ulan,
gaw
ain, gaw
a, trab
aho 3 the place
in which the work of a position is
done: opisina, tangg
apan
often adv. many times or frequently:

on

malimit, madal
as
oil n. 1 a thick fatty or greasy liquid:
langis 2 crude oil: langis na kr
udo
v. 1 to put oil in or on: maglangis,
langis
an, maglag
ay (lagy
an) ng
langis 2 to burn the midnight oil,
to study or work late or during the
night: mags
unog ng kilay, magl
amay
sa (ng) pag-a
aral (pagtratrab
aho)
oily adj. 1 containing oil: may
langis 2 covered or soaked with oil:
malangis, mamantika 3 slippery:
madul
as 4 too smooth, suspiciously or disagreeably smooth:
mapaglangis, langisero/a
old adj. 1 not young, aged: matand
a
2 that seems old: mukh
ang matand
a
na, mukh
ang may ed
ad na 3 much
worn by age, worn: l
uma 4 of age,
in age (Use noun): g
ulang, ed
ad, sa
g
ulang 5 having much experience:
san
ay, bih
asa, bihas
a 6 former:
d
ati, datihan 7 not new, not recent:
l
uma, matag
al na 8 out-of-date:
lip
as na, makal
uma n. the time of
long ago, the past: u
nang panah
on,
nakara
ang panah
on, lumipas na
panah
on
older n. 1 more advanced in age:
mas (l
along, higit na) matand
a 2
older in wear: mas (l
along) l
uma
omelet/omelette n. a dish made of
beaten eggs, milk, etc., and fried or
baked: t
orta, tortilya,
omelet
omission n. 1 act of omitting
or being omitted: hindi (di, di-)
pagsas
ama,
di-pagkas
ama,
dipagkakas
ama 2 thing omitted: ang
nakaligta
an, ang di nakas
ama, ang
nalaktaw
an
omit v. 1 to leave out: iwan,
lumakt
aw,
laktaw
an,
huw
ag
is
ama, magkalt
as, kaltasin 2 to
fail to do, neglect: magpab
aya,
pabay
aan, kalingat
an 3 to overlook:
makaligta
an,
kaligta
an,
makalingat
an. (Ma-, expresses
indeliberate action.)
on prep. 1 above and supported by:

once

113

sa, sa ib
abaw 2 touching so as to
cover or be around: Commonly expressed by sa. 3 resting on: n
asa 4
close to, located: mal
apit sa, n
asa 5
at the past or previous time of: nang,
no
ong 6 at the future time of: sa 7
for the purpose of: d
ahil sa 8 against
or upon: n
asa 9 among: kabilang sa,
n
asa 10 concerning, in relation to, in
connection with: tungk
ol sa, hinggil
sa adv. in the direction of, toward:
papunt
a sa, pat
ungo sa adj. 1 taking place: mayro
on na, nagsisimul
a
na 2 and so on, and more of the
same: at ib
a pang gay
a (k
agaya) nit
o
3 on and on, without stopping: nang
wal
ang tigil
once adv. 1 one time: minsan, nang
minsan 2 formerly: d
ati n. single
occasion: minsan, is
ang pagkakata
on
conj. 1 if ever, whenever: pag,
pagk
a, kung, kap
ag 2 all at once,
suddenly: bigl
a na l
amang, kagins
agins
a na l
amang, bigl
a na l
amang
3 at once, immediately: kar
akar
aka,
kapagkar
aka,
kapagd
aka,
ag
ad, ag
ad-ag
ad 4 once and for
all, nally or decisively: wak
asan,
minsan na l
amang, minsan pa,
katapus
an na 5 once in a while,
now and then: paminsan-minsan,
maminsan-minsan, manak
a-nak
a,
panak
a-nak
a 6 once upon a time,
long ago: no
ong u
nang panah
on,
nang matag
al nang panah
on 7 once
more, again: muli, minsan pa
one n. the number 1: u
no, is
a
pron. 1 any person: sinuman,
ang is
ang t
ao, k
ahit sino, iyung
2 anything: alinm
an, k
ahit alin,
anum
an, k
ahit an
o, maski an
o,
maski alin adj. 1 some: b
alang,
is
a, sa ib
a 2 joined together, united:
sab
ay-sab
ay, s
ama-s
ama, iis
a 3 the
same: iis
a, nagkakais
a, magkais
a,
pareho (Sp.) 4 at one, in agreement
or harmony: magkasund
o, magkakasund
o, magkais
a, magkakais
a 5 it
is all one, it makes no dierence:

open

wal
ang pagkakaib
a, pareho 6 one
and all, everyone: lah
at, b
awat is
a
7 one by one: is
a-is
a 8 one after
another: sun
ud-sun
od 9 one and
only: kais
a-is
a 10 one or two, a few:
il
an 11 one too many, too much:
l
abis, s
obra 12 one each: tig-is
a,
tigisa, tig-iis
a, tigi-tig-is
a 13 the
only one: t
angi, bugt
ong, s
olo,
uniko/a
oneself n/pron. 1 ones own self:
sarili 2 to be oneself means (a) to
have full control of ones mind or
body: magpigil sa sarili, pigilin ang
sarili, magpakat
ao, magpakatin
o
(b) to act naturally: kumilos nang
natur
al, huw
ag mag-artista
onion n. sib
uyas
only adj. 1 one and no more: t
angi
2 by itself, e.g. son or daughter:
bugt
ong, s
olo, nag-iis
a, kais
a-is
a,
t
angi 3 best, nest: pinakamab
uti,
pinakamagaling adv. just, merely:
l
amang conj. 1 but then: sub
alit,
l
amang, datapw
at, ng
unit 2 except
that, if it had not: l
amang, kung
hindi s
ana 3 if only, meaning I
wish: s
ana, s
anay
open adj. 1 not shut or closed:
buk
as, nakabuk
as 2 not covered:
wal
ang takip 3 not hidden or secret:
di-lihim, hay
ag, hay
agan, lant
ad,
lant
aran 4 unfolded, spread out:
buk
a, buk
ad, bukadk
ad (for owers); buk
a (for legs, wounds, etc.);
nakangang
a (also for wounds or
mouth) 5 ready to receive or accept:
hand
ang tumangg
ap 6 that may be
entered, shared, etc. by all: buk
as sa
lah
at, masasalihan ng lah
at 7 frank
and sincere: tap
at, matap
at 8 undecided: hindi pa napagpapasiyah
an
9 accessible, available: magagaw
a
o magag
amit 10 open to all to see,
not obstructed: lant
ad, tany
ag v.
1 to make open: magbuk
as, buks
an,
ibuk
as 2 to become open: bumuk
as,
mabuks
an 3 to blossom: bumuk
a,
bumuk
ad, bumukadk
ad 4 to open

opening

114

the mouth: ngumang

a, ingang
a,
buks
an ang bibig 5 to open the
eyes: magm
ulat, mam
ulat, im
ulat
6 to open with force: tumingk
ab,
tingkabin 7 to come apart or
burst open: bumuk
a 8 to begin:
magsimul
a, pasimul
an, simul
an,
magbuk
as, buks
an 9 to start or set
up: magbuk
as, buks
an 10 to spread
out or unfold: magbuk
as, buks
an,
magbukl
at, buklatin 11 to open
re, to begin shooting: magpaput
ok,
paputukin, paputuk
an, mamaril,
barilin 12 to keep open house, to
oer food and shelter to all visitors
or to all ones friends: magbuk
as ng
pint
o sa lah
at, buks
an ang pint
o
sa lah
at 13 to open a persons eyes,
to make one see what is really going
on: magbuk
as ng mat
a, buks
an ang
mat
a 14 the open, the open air,
outdoors, open country, clear space:
lab
as
opening n. 1 a hole: b
utas 2 a
gap: puw
ang 3 the rst part or the
beginning: simul
a, umpis
a, u
nang
bah
agi 4 a formal beginning or
opening: pagbubuk
as 5 the place
or position that is open or vacant:
bak
ante, puw
ang 6 a favorable
chance or opportunity: pagkakata
on,
magand
ang pagkakata
on 7 act of
making open: pagbubuk
as 8 fact
of becoming open: pagkakabuk
as,
pagkakapagbuk
as adj. rst, beginning: pansimul
a, panimul
a,
pamb
ungad, pang-umpis
a
operate v. 1 to set in action or
motion: magpaand
ar, paandarin,
magmaneho, maneh
ohin 2 to run,
keep working: umand
ar, tumakb
o
3 to manage or direct: mamah
ala,
pamahal
aan,
mangasiwa,
pangasiw
aan 4 to perform an operation:
mag-oper
a, umoper
a, operahin, tumistis, tistisin 5 to produce a direct
eect, act: magkabisa, pagkabis
ain,
tumal
ab, tabl
an
opinion n. 1 what one thinks about

order

a subject: palag
ay, k
uro-k
uro,
opiny
on 2 impression: pagpapalag
ay,
palapalag
ay 3 opinion without much
basis, supposition: h
aka, h
aka-h
aka
4 estimation, judgment (in a broad
sense): w
ari, pakiw
ari 5 formal
judgment by an expert, professional
advice: pasiy
a, h
atol, p
ayo 6 belief:
paniw
ala, paniniw
ala
opium n.
opyum, o
pyo, a
pyan
opportunity n. chance: pagkakata
on,
oportunid
ad
opposite adj. 1 face to face:
katap
at, magkatap
at, n
asa tap
at,
kahar
ap, magkahar
ap, n
asa har
ap,
kabil
a, n
asa kabil
a 2 just contrary:
kasalung
at, magkasalung
at, kabalikt
aran 3 antagonistic: kal
aban 4
placed or located just on the other
side, e.g. of a street, river, etc.: sa
ib
ayo n. the reverse: kabaligtar
an
optician n. maker or seller of eyeglasses:
optiko
or conj. 1 a word suggesting a
choice: o 2 if not: kung hindi,
kundi 3 or otherwise: o kay
ay, o
dili kay
ay
orange n. a round, reddish-yellow,
juicy fruit or the tree it grows
on: daland
an o kahel, dalanghita,
sint
unis o sint
ones
orbit n. the path of the earth,
moon, planet, etc., around the
sun or another heavenly body: ang
land
as (ligiran) ng mund
o, buw
an,
t
ala at ib
a pa sa paligid ng
araw o
ng anum
ang planeta, o
rbita
orchard n. a piece of ground
on which fruit trees are grown:
lo
obang natatamn
an ng mga p
unong
namum
unga
orchestra n. 1 the group of
symphony musicians playing at
a concert, an opera, or a play:
orkestra, orkesta 2 the main oor of
a theatre: orkesta, orkestra, but
aka
orchid n. a plant with beautiful
owers: d
apo, orkidyas
order v. 1 to tell what to do, to com-

orderly

115

mand, to give an order: mag-

utos,
ut
usan, i
utos, mag-
atas, at
asan,
i
atas, mag-
orden, orden
an, i
orden
2 to put in order, to arrange: magayos, ay

usin, isa
ayos, magh
usay
hus
ayin 3 to give (a store, etc.) an
order for: pumedido, magpabilin,
pabilin 4 to decide: magpasiy
a,
pasiyah
an, ipasiy
a, gustuhin 5 to
place an order: mag-
order, um
order,
orderin n. 1 the way one thing fol
lows another: pagkakasun
ud-sun
od
2 a condition in which every part
or piece is in its right place:
ayos,
kaay
usan, pagkaka
ayos 3 condition,
state: kaay
usan, kalag
ayan 4 state
or condition of things in which
the law is obeyed and there is no
trouble: katiwasay
an, katahimikan
5 a command, telling what to do:
u
tos, kautus
an, o
rden, a
tas 6 a
paper saying that money is to be
given or paid: hiropost
al, money
order 7 a statement or list of things
telling a store or tradesman what
you wish sent: pedido, o
rder 8 in
biology, a group in the classifying of plants and animals: gr
upo,
angk
an 9 social rank, grade, or
class: u
ri, kl
ase 10 rule, regulation:
patakar
an, tunt
unin, alitunt
unin
11 a brotherhood of monks, friars,
or knights:
orden 12 by order: sa
u
tos 13 call to order, ask to be
quiet and start work: magpatahimik,
patahimikin (
upang magsimul
a) 14
in order, in the right arrangement:
n
asa a
yos, ma
ayos 15 in order that,
in order to, so that, with the aim
that, for the purpose of: u
pang, sa
hang
aring, sa lay
uning 16 made to
order: pasady
a, ipinasady
a 17 to
order about or around, to send here
and there, to tell to do this and
that: ut
us-ut
usan, sug
u-sug
uin 18
order of the day, the way things are,
the way people are doing things,
the style: kalakar
an, m
oda, u
so,
takb
o 19 out of order means (a) not

other

working right: sir

a, may sira, may
diperensiya (b) against the rules
(of a meeting): lab
ag sa tunt
unin
(c) in the wrong arrangement or
condition: wal
a sa a
yos, magul
o
orderly adj. 1 in order, with regular
arrangement, method or system:
ma
ayos, n
asa a
yos, aregl
ado 2 keeping order, well-behaved or regulated:
disiplin
ado n. 1 an attendant, e.g.
in a hospital: kat
ulong, 2 servant:
utus
an 3 a non-commissioned ocer
or private soldier who attends a
superior ocer: tagagan
ap
ordinary adj.
usual,
common:
karaniwan n. 1 a person with
authority in his own right, esp. a
bishop: obispo 2 out of the ordinary,
unusual, not regular or customary:
di-pangkaraniwan, pambihira
organdy/organdie n. a ne, thin,
sti material used for dresses:
organdi, o
rgandi
organization n. 1 grouping and
arranging parts to form a whole:
pagbu
o, pagbubu
o 2 the way in
which the parts of something are
arranged to work together: pagkakabu
o, pagkaka
ayos 3 the arranging
of: pag-a
ayos, pagsasa
ayos 4 association: kapis
anan, samah
an 5 the
act of forming or establishing, e.g.
an organization: pagtatat
ag
organize v. to set up: magtat
ag,
itat
ag, magpund
ar, ipund
ar, magtay
o, itay
o, bumu
o, buuin
Orient n. the East, eastern country:
Ang Sil
angan, Silang
anan, Oryente
originate v. 1 to invent, to cause to
be: lumikh
a, likhain, umimbento,
imbentuhin 2 to come into being,
to begin, to arise: magsimul
a,
pasimul
an, simul
an 3 to come from:
magmul
a, mangg
aling, humango
other adj. 1 not the same, different: ib
a 2 remaining: ib
a pa 3
additional: ib
a adv. in a dierent
way: maliban, naiib
a pa pron. 1
other person: k
apwa, kapuw
a, ib
a

ought

116

2 other thing: ang is

a (nam
an) 3
every other, every second, alternate:
tuwing ikalaw
a, tuwing makalaw
a,
mak
a-makalaw
a 4 the other world,
the life to come: kabil
ang-b
uhay,
huling-b
uhay 5 the other day, night,
etc., recently: kamakail
an l
amang 6
of all others, more than all others:
higit sa lah
at
ought v. 1 to be necessary, to be
obliged: kail
angan, kinakail
angan,
d
apat, narar
apat, mar
apat 2 to be
tting or right: d
apat, narar
apat,
b
agay, nabab
agay 3 to be very likely:
malam
ang
our pron. of us, belonging to us:
atin, n

atin, a
min, n
amin
out adj. 1 not at home, away from
oce, work, etc.: wal
a (sa b
ahay,
opisina, atb.), n
asa lab
as 2 not
burning, not lighted: pat
ay 3 not
correct: mali, s
ala 4 made known,
e.g. a secret: hay
ag na, al
am na 5
into the open so as to be seen: lit
aw
adv. 1 forth: palab
as, papalab
as 2
aloud, plainly: malak
as, maliw
anag
3 out of, not within: wal
a, n
asa
lab
as 4 beyond the reach of: napakal
ayo, di maab
ot 5 without:
wal
a 6 because of: d
ahil sa 7 from:
sa, mul
a sa
outdated adj. out-of-date, oldfashioned: lip
as na sa m
oda, wal
a
na sa u
so, wal
a (lip
as) na sa
panah
on
outlet n. a means or place of
letting out or getting out: lab
asan,
p
alabasan, lag
usan
outside adv. on or to the outside,
outdoors: sa lab
as n. the outer side
or surface: lab
as prep. out of, beyond the limits of: sa lab
as ng adj.
on the outside, of or near the outside:
panlab
as, sa lab
as
oval adj. egg-shaped: h
ugis-itl
og, habil
og, t
abas-itl
og n. something having an oval shape, oblong: habil
og,
h
ugis-itl
og
oven n. 1 a space in a stove or near

own

a replace for baking food: hurn

o,
h
urno, hurn
uhan 2 a small furnace
for heating or drying: tap
ahan
over adj. done, nished: tap
os na
adv/prep. 1 above: n
asa ita
as, sa
ita
as 2 across, on or to the other
side of: sa ib
ayo, sa kabil
a 3 across
a space or distance: do
on, ro
on 4
on, upon: sa ib
abaw 5 all through,
over the whole: sa bu
o, sa lah
at ng
d
ako 6 at an end, done with, settled: tap
os na, nagwak
as na 7 on account of: d
ahil sa 8 too, excessively:
l
abis, masy
ado, lubh
a 9 more than:
mahigit sa, higit sa 10 over again,
once more: minsan pa 11 over and
over, again and again: pa
ulit-
ulit 12
over and above, besides or in addition to: buk
od sa, higit sa lah
at
overburden v. 1 to load with too
great a burden (referring to a cargo,
etc.): magkarg
a (magk
arga, kargah
an) nang l
abis (s
obra), magl
ulan
(lul
anan) nang l
abis (s
obra) 2 to
overtask: magpahirap (pahir
apan)
nang l
abis sa trab
aho, magpatrab
aho
(pagtrabah
uhin) nang l
abis
overcome v. 1 to get the better of, conquer: dumaig, madaig,
daigin, sum
upil, mas
upil, supilin,
mapaglab
anan 2 to win the victory over, defeat: magtagump
ay,
pagtagumpay
an, gumapi, magapi,
gapiin, tum
alo, man
alo, tal
unin,
gumahis, magahis, gahisin
overtake v. 1 to come up with:
um
abot, ab
utan 2 to come upon
(suddenly):
maab
utan,
ab
utan,
ab
utin
overturn v. 1 to turn upside
down: tuma
ob, mata
ob, ita
ob 2
to overthrow, destroy the power
of: magbags
ak, ibags
ak 3 to upset,
fall down, fall over: bumags
ak,
mabags
ak, matumb
a
owl n. a bird having a big head,
big eyes, and a short-hooked beak:
kuw
ago
own v. 1 to hare, possess: mayro
on,

oyster

117

magkaro
on, mag-
ari, magmay-
ari
2 to admit: um
amin, aminin 3 to
admit that one owns or is the father
of: kilal
aning an
ak
oyster n. a kind of shellsh much
used as food: talab
a

P
pack n. 1 a bundle: bal
utan, b
asta
2 a packet, parcel: pakete, b
alot
3 a small packet: k
aha 4 lot, a
number together: bunt
on, tamb
ak,
bark
ada, k
awan, pangk
at, katerba
5 a complete set of playing cards:
bar
aha v. 1 to put together in
a bundle, box, etc.: mag-imp
ake,
impakihin, magbast
a, bastain 2 to
ll with things: magpun
o, punuin 3
to press or crowd closely together:
magsiksik, isiksik, siksik
an, siksikin
4 to wrap things together: magb
alot,
bal
utin 5 to pack things in boxes:
magkah
on, ikah
on 6 to pack things
in cans or tins: magsal
ata, isal
ata
package n. 1 a bundle of things
packed together, a parcel: pakete,
bal
utan, parsela 2 a small roll: bilot
paddle n. 1 a short oar with a
broad blade: sagw
an, panagw
an
2 a paddle-shaped piece of wood
used for beating clothes in washing:
p
alu-p
alo 3 the act of paddling:
sagw
an, pagsagw
an v. 1 to move
a boat or canoe with a paddle:
sumagw
an, sagwan
an 2 to dog
paddle, to move hands or feet about
in water: lumangoy-
aso
page n. 1 one side of a leaf of paper:
p
ahina, mukh
a 2 a record: t
ala 3
a boy servant, an errand boy: boy,
utus
ang lal
aki, mensahero 4 a young
man or boy who serves (attends to)
a prince, etc.: p
ahe, tagapaglingk
od
v. to locate a person at a hotel,
etc., by having someone call his
name: magpat
awag, ipat
awag
pail n. a round container for carry-

pair

ing liquids, bucket: timb

a, balde,
b
alde
pain n. 1 a physical hurt: sakit
2 a stinging or smarting pain:
hapdi, kir
ot 3 grief or such emotion opposite of pleasure: lungk
ot,
kalungk
utan, sam
a ng lo
ob, hapdi
ng kaloob
an (kalo
oban) v. 1 to
cause bodily pain to: magpasakit,
pasakitin, magpakir
ot pakirutin,
magpahapdi, pahapdiin 2 to ache, be
aching: sumakit, manakit, kumir
ot,
mangir
ot, humapdi, manghapdi
3 to aict with mental suering:
magpas
akit, pasakitan, magpasam
a
ng lo
ob, pasamain ang lo
ob, sum
ugat
ng kaloob
an (damd
amin), sug
atan
ang kalo
oban 4 to cause grief or
sadness: magpalungk
ot, palungkutin,
ikalungk
ot 5 on or under pain of,
with the punishment or penalty
of unless a certain thing is done:
sa il
alim ng par
usa, sa par
usa 6
to take pains means (a) be (very)
careful: mag-ingat, pag-ing
atan,
magpakaingat, ing
atan; (b) to make
an eort: magsikap, pagsik
apan
painful adj. 1 aected with or
accompanied by pain, hurting:
masakit, mahapdi, makir
ot 2
causing pain: nakasasakit, nakasus
ugat (nakasasakit) ng damd
amin
3 requiring labor, eort, or care,
arduous: mahirap 4 unpleasant:
nakayayam
ot,
nakaiinis,
nakasus
uya
paint n. a solid coloring matter
mixed with a liquid, used to color
anything: pint
ura, pint
a v. 1
to cover or decorate with paint:
magpint
a, pintah
an, magpint
ura,
pintur
ahan 2 to represent in colors:
pumint
a, ipint
a, pumint
ura, ipint
ura 3 to picture vividly in words:
maglar
awan, ilar
awan
painter n. 1 a person who paints
pictures, an artist: pint
or 2 a person
who paints houses, woodwork, etc.:
pint
or (ng b
ahay)

pajamas

118

pair n. 1 a set of two, two that go

together: p
ares, p
aris, par
eha 2 a
single thing that cannot be used
separately: In Tagalog this is rendered by the simple singular name of
the subject. E.g. a pair of scissors
or scissors are both expressed
as gunting. 3 two people who are
married: mag-as
awa, magkabiy
ak
4 two people who are engaged to
be married: magkatip
an, magn
obyo
5 two animals or birds that are
mated: mag-as
awa, p
ares v. 1
to arrange or be arranged in pairs:
magpareha, ipareha, pagpareh
ahin,
magp
ares,
ip
ares,
magtamb
al,
itamb
al, pagtambalin 2 to mate:
magpareha, ipareha 3 to pair o,
to arrange in pairs or form into
pairs: magpareha, pagpareh
ahin,
magtamb
al, pagtambalin
pajamas n. garments to sleep in:
pady
ama, pandiy
ama
palace n. a grand house for a king,
queen, or a bishop to live in: pal
asyo
palate n. 1 the roof of the mouth:
ngalangal
a 2 the sense of taste:
panl
asa 3 liking: pagkakagust
o,
kagust
uhan, hilig
pale adj. 1 without much color,
whitish: maputl
a, namumutl
a 2
pallid: bar
ak, namamar
ak 3 not
bright, dim (for color): mapusy
aw 4
dim: mal
abo, hindi maliw
anag v.
to turn pale: mamutl
a, pamutlain,
papamutlain, mamar
ak, pamarakin
palm n. 1 the inside of the hand
between the wrist and the ngers:
p
alad 2 the width of the hand:
dam
ak 3 any of many kinds of
trees growing in warm climates:
palmera, p
alma 4 a species of palm,
the leaves of which are used for
thatching roofs: p
awid, sas
a, nipa
5 a species of ornamental palm:
pugah
an 6 palm leaves used during
Palm Sunday: palasp
as
pancake n. a thin, at cake made of
batter and fried in a pan: h
atkeik

paralyze

panel n. 1 a strip or surface, esp. of

wood that is dierent in some way
from what is around it: entrep
anyo,
p
anel 2 the members of a jury:
hur
ado, ang mga ka
anib sa hur
ado
v. to arrange in panels, furnish or
decorate with panels: lagy
an ng mga
entrep
anyo
panties n. underwear, undergarments, trousers: salaw
al
pantry n. a small room in which
food, dishes, silverware, etc., are
kept: dispensa, pamingg
alan
pants n. trousers: pantal
on
paper n. 1 a material used for writing, printing, wrapping packages,
etc.: papel 2 document: kasulat
an,
dokumento 3 newspaper: pahayag
an,
pery
odiko, diy
aryo 4 an article, an
essay: artikulo, sanays
ay adj. 1
made of paper: y
ari sa papel, papel
2 to put on paper, to put in writing:
isapapel, masapap
el, is
ulat, mas
ulat
parachute n. p
arasyut v. to jump
with a parachute: magp
arasyut
parade n. a procession, a march
for purpose of display: par
ada, prusisy
on v. 1 to march in procession,
to walk proudly as if in a parade:
magpar
ada 2 to make a great show:
magparangy
a,
magmarangy
a,
ipagmarangy
a
paradise n. 1 heaven: l
angit 2
the place or condition of great
happiness: paraiso 3 the garden of
Eden: ang halaman
an ng paraiso
paralysis n. 1 a lessening or loss of
the power of motion or sensation in
any part of the body: par
alisis 2 a
crippling, condition of powerlessness
or helpless inactivity: pagkaparalis
a
paralyze v. 1 to aect with a lessening or loss of the power of motion
or feeling: malump
o, makalump
o,
lumpuhin, maparalis
a, pumaralisa,
paralisahin, mamat
ay ang kabiy
ak
(is
ang bah
agi) ng kataw
an 2 to
render powerless or helplessly inactive, to cause to cease: magpatigil,

parent

119

patigilin, makaparalis
a, paralisahin
3 to cripple or cause lameness, etc.:
makalump
o, lumpuhin
parent n. 1 father: am
a 2 mother:
in
a 3 both mother and father:
mag
ulang 4 the source, cause:
pinagmul
an,
pinanggalingan,
dahil
an, sanhi
park n. 1 land set apart for the pleasure of the public: p
arke, liw
asan 2
a parking place for an automobile,
etc.: paradah
an v. to leave (a car,
etc.) for a time in a certain place:
pumar
ada, ipar
ada
parrot n. a bird with a stout hooked
bill and often with bright-colored
feathers: l
oro
part n. 1 something less than
the whole, a fraction: bah
agi 2
a thing that helps to make up a
whole: p
arte, bah
agi 3 a portion of:
kabah
agi, kap
arte 4 share (having
something to do with the act of
others): kinal
aman, kaugn
ayan 5
region, district, place: d
ako, lug
ar
6 side in a dispute or contest: p
anig
7 character in a play, the words spoken by a character: papel, bah
agi 8
a dividing line left in combing ones
hair: h
ati, h
awi, biy
ak v. 1 to
force apart, divide: papaghiwalayin,
papaghiw
a-hiwalayin 2 to divide
into two or more pieces: magh
ati,
hatiin, maghati-hati, paghatihatiin
3 to go apart, separate: humiwal
ay,
maghiwal
ay,
maghiw
a-hiwal
ay,
maglay
o, lumay
o, bumuk
od 4 divide the hair in the middle, or at the
side: magh
awi, hawiin, magh
ati,

hatiin, magbiy
ak, biyakin 5 part and
parcel means (a) a necessary part
or condition: mahalag
ang bah
agi
(kondisy
on) (b) a duty: tungk
ulin,
bah
agi ng tungk
ulin 6 to take ones
part in a dispute or contest, to take
sides with one: pum
anig, panigan,
kumampi, kampih
an 7 to part from,
to go away from, leave: umalis,
lumisan, lis
anin 8 to part with, to

party

give away, sell, let go, etc.: ipagbili,

ipamig
ay, ipanreg
alo 9 to take part,
to take or have a share: sum
ali,
makis
ali,
lumah
ok,
makilah
ok,
hum
alo, makih
alo adv. 1 partly,
in some small measure or degree:
medyo, sa is
ang p
arte (bah
agi),
bahagy
a 2 for ones part, as far
as one is concerned: p
ara sa a
kin
(kany
a, kanil
a, atb.), sa gan
ang
akin (kany

a, kanil
a, atb.)
participate v. to have a share, take
a part: sum
ali, makis
ali, lumah
ok,
makilah
ok, sum
ama, makis
ama
particle n. 1 a very little bit:
katiting, kapurit, maliit na b
util 2
particles of food left between teeth:
ting
a 3 crumbs left on the table
after a meal: m
umo 4 a prex, a
sux, a preposition, a conjunction,
an article, etc.: katag
a, tipik
particular adj. 1 belonging to some
one person, thing, group, occasion,
etc.: pansarili, sarili 2 apart from
others, single, considered separately:
t
angi, nag-iisa 3 dierent from
others, unusual: kat
angi-t
angi,
natat
angi, ib
a, naiib
a 4 hard to
please, wanting everything to be
just right, very careful: maselan,
maselang, delik
ado, pihikan n.
1 an individual part, item, point:
b
agay, b
agay-b
agay, kaliit-liitang
b
agay, det
alye 2 in particular,
especially: higit sa lah
at, l
alo na
partition n. 1 division into parts:
pagbabah
agi, pagkabah
agi, pagkaka
bah
agi,
paghah
ati,
pagkah
ati,
pagkakah
ati, pagpapart
e, pagkaparte, pagkakaparte 2 a wall
between rooms: dinding, dingding,
tabiki 3 a dividing line: dibisy
on,
partisy
on v. to divide into parts:
magbah
agi, bahagihin, magh
ati,
hatiin, magparte, partihin
party n. 1 a group of people doing
something together: pangk
at, gr
upo
2 a social gathering: pagtitipon,
p
arti 3 a dinner party: hand
aan,

pass

120

s
alu-s
alo 4 a political party: lapian,

partido 5 one who takes part in,

aids, or knows about: kaal
am,
kas
ama, kasabuw
at, kainal
am 6
each of the persons or sides in a
contract, lawsuit, etc.: pangk
at,
p
anig 7 a person (informal): t
ao
pass v. 1 to go by, move past:
magda
an, duma
an, daan
an
2
an,
to move on: lumipas, duma
magda
an 3 to hand from one to
another: mag-ab
ot, iab
ot, magp
asa,
ip
asa 4 to go from one person to
another person: mas
alin, mapas
alin,
malipat, mapalipat 5 to take place,
happen: mangy
ari, magan
ap 6
to get through or by: lumamp
as,
makalamp
as, lampas
an, makara
an,
duma
an, daan
an 7 to come to an
end, die: mamat
ay, yum
ao, sumakabil
ang-b
uhay 8 to pass around,
to distribute: mamig
ay, ipamig
ay,
magpalibot, ilibot, magpag
ala, ig
ala
9 to give a judgment or opinion:
hum
atol, hat
ulan, humusg
a, husgah
an, magpasiy
a, pasiyah
an 10
to let go without notice, not to
pay attention to: magpalamp
as,
palampasin, magpabay
a, pabay
aan,
huw
ag intindihin, di pansinin 11
to be taken, be thought to be:
maipalag
ay, ipalag
ay 12 to use
or spend: magpalipas, palip
asin,
magpara
an, paraanin 13 to go beyond: lumamp
as, humigit, lum
abis,
sum
obra 14 to move by passing
over: magpara
an, paraan
an 15 in
card playing, to give up a chance
or to refuse to play a hand: magpalamp
as, palampasin, magpara
an,
paraanin 16 to be successful in (an
examination): makapas
a, pumas
a,
makas
ulit, makaiks
amin n. 1 a
narrow road, path: land
as, da
an 2
a free ticket: p
ases 3 a state, condition: katay
uan, tay
o, kalag
ayan,
lag
ay 4 motion of the hands:
kump
as (pagkump
as) ng kam
ay 5 to
bring to pass, accomplish, to cause

past

to be: magsagaw
a, maisagaw
a,
isagaw
a 6 to come to pass, take
place, happen: mangy
ari, magan
ap,
matup
ad 7 to pass away, come to an
end, die: mamat
ay, yum
ao, sumakabil
ang-b
uhay, bawian ng b
uhay 8 to
pass o means (a) to stop: tumigil,
humint
o (b) to disappear, vanish:
map
awi, map
aram, mawal
a (c) to
take place, be done: mangy
ari, magaw
a, mat
apos, magan
ap 9 to pass
out, to faint or lose consciousness:
mahimat
ay, himatayin 10 to pass
over or pass by, to fail to notice,
disregard, overlook: palampasin,
ipagwal
ang-bah
ala, di pansinin
passage n. 1 a hall or way through
a building, passageway: pasilyo,
da
an, da
anan 2 passing: paglipas 3
a means of passing, a way through:
pagda
an, pagdara
an 4 a piece
from a speech or writing: sipi 5
a going across, voyage: paglalay
ag,
paglalakb
ay-d
agat, pagtatawid-d
agat
6 making into a law by a favoring
vote of a legislature, approval:
pagpapatibay
passenger n. a traveler in a train,
bus, boat, etc., usually one that pays
a fare: pasahero, sak
ay
passing adj. 1 allowing one to pass
an examination or test: pas
ado 2
going by: nagdara
an, dumara
an
n. 1 departure, death: pagkamat
ay,
pagy
ao 2 the enacting or passage
of a bill: pagpapatibay, pagkakapatibay 3 a going by: pagda
an,
pagdara
an, paglipas 4 in passing,
as another continues something:
h
abang, samant
alang
passport n. a paper or book giving
one ocial permission to travel in a
foreign country: p
asport, pasap
orte
password n. a secret word that allows a person who says it to pass a
guard: hudy
at, kontrasenyas
past adj. 1 passed: nagda
an,
nakara
an, lumipas, nakalipas 2 having served a term of oce: naging,

paste

121

sinund
an n. 1 a past time, what
has happened in the past time, ones
past life: ang nakara
an, ang lumipas,
pinagda
anan, ang kah
apon 2 the
verb tense that expresses occurrence
in past time: pangnagda
an adv.
1 beyond: lamp
as, lagp
as 2 to go
past, to pass by: magda
an, duma
an
paste n. 1 a mixture, such as our
and water boiled together, that
will stick paper together: pandikit,
k
ola 2 a hard glassy material used
in making imitation jewels: p
asta
3 pie dough: m
asa v. to stick
with paste: magk
ola, ik
ola, kol
ahan,
magdikit, idikit, dikit
an
pastor n. 1 minister in charge of
a church: k
ura, past
or, ministro 2
priest: p
are, p
adre, p
ari
patch n. 1 a piece put on the mend
a hole or a tear: tagpi 2 a piece of
cloth, etc., put over a wound or a
sore: t
apal, pats
e 3 a pad over a hurt
eye to protect it: t
apal 4 a small
uneven spot: batik, mants
a, b
alat
5 a piece of ground: kapir
asong
l
upa v. 1 to put a patch on,
mend: magtagpi, tagpi
an 2 to patch
up means (a) to put an end to,
settle: mag-
ayos, ay
usin, i
ayos,
magkas
undo, pagkasunduin (b) to
make right hastily or for a time:
magsa
ayos (isa
ayos) na madali o
pansamantal
a
path n. 1 a way made by people or animals walking: land
as
2 a line along which a person
or thing moves: pinagdara
anan,
pagdara
anan, pinagda
anan
patience n. 1 a calm bearing of
pain, of waiting or of anything
that annoys, troubles, or hurts:
pagtitiis, pasyensiya, paumanhin,
pagpapaumanhin 2 steady eort,
perseverance: tiyag
a, pagtitiyag
a,
katiyaga
an
patient n. a person who is being
treated by a doctor: pasyente,
ang maysakit adj. having pa-

pay

tience: mapagpaumanhin, matiisin,

mapagtiis, matiyag
a, mapagtiyag
a
pattern n. 1 a design, arrangement
of forms and colors: dib
uho, disenyo
2 a model or guide for something to
be made: padr
on, tular
an, huw
aran,
paris
an, modelo 3 a ne example, a
model to be followed: halimb
awa,
huw
aran v. to make according to
a pattern: tum
ulad, tul
aran, it
ulad,
humuw
ad, huwar
an, ihuw
ad
pause v. to stop for a time, to
wait, to rest: tumigil na sandali,
humint
ong
sandali,
sandaling
tumigil (humint
o, magpahing
a)
n. a stop for a time, rest: paghint
ong
(pagtigil na) sandali, pahing
a
paw n. the foot of an animal having
claws: pa
a v. to strike or scrape
with the paws or feet: kumalm
ot,
kalmutin
pawn v. to leave something with
another person as security that
borrowed money will be returned, to
pledge: magsangl
a, isangl
a n. 1
something left as a security: sangl
a
2 in pawn, being in anothers
possession as security: nakasangl
a,
nasasangl
a
pay v. 1 to give money to for
things or work: magb
ayad, bay
aran,
um
upa, up
ahan 2 to give money for:
magb
ayad, bay
aran 3 to give the
salary of: magsuweldo, suwelduh
an,
magpas
ahod, pasah
urin 4 to give, to
oer: magbig
ay, bigy
an, ibig
ay, magu
kol, pag-uk
ulan, i
ukol 5 to give a
prot, to be worth while: magt
ubo,
pagtub
uan, magb
unga, makin
abang,
pakinab
angan n. 1 money given
for services or work: u
pa, suweldo,
s
ahod 2 payment for things bought:
b
ayad, kabayar
an 3 in the pay
of, paid by and working for: n
asa
paglilingk
od 4 to pay back means
(a) to return borrowed money:
magb
ayad ng u
tang (hinir
am),
bay
aran ang u
tang (hinir
am) (b) to
give the same treatment as received:

pea

122

gumanti, gantih
an 5 to pay o, to
give all the money that is owed, to
pay in full: magb
ayad nang hust
o,
bay
aran nang hust
o 6 to pay up, to
pay: magb
ayad, bay
aran 7 to pay by
installment: magh
ulog, hul
ugan
pea n. a round seed in the pod of a
plant used as a vegetable, the plant
itself: gis
antes
peaceful adj. 1 quiet, full of
peace: pay
apa, mapay
apa, tahimik,
matahimik 2 calm, composed:
matiwas
ay 3 liking peace, keeping
peace: maibigin sa kapayap
aan
(katahimikan), tahimik
peak n. 1 the pointed top of a
mountain or hill: tukt
ok, talukt
ok 2
any pointed end or top: talukt
ok 3
the highest point: tug
atog, tukt
ok,
talukt
ok, rur
ok, karur
ukan
peanuts n. a seed like a nut used for
food, the plant it grows on: mani
pear n. a sweet, juicy fruit rounded
at one end and smaller toward the
stem end: peras
pearls n. 1 a white or nearly white
gem that has a soft shine like satin:
perlas 2 something precious or admirable: muty
a 3 mother-of-pearl:
n
akar adj. of or made of motherof-pearl: y
ari sa n
akar
pebble n. a small stone, usually
worn and rounded: maliit na
(munting) bat
o
peck v. 1 to strike with the beak:
tumuk
a, tukain 2 to strike at and
pick up with the beak: manuk
a,
tumuk
a, tukain 3 to eat only a
little, bit by bit: tumikim-tikim,
tikm
an-tikm
an,
magkuk
ut-kuk
ot,
kuk
ut-kukutin n. 1 a stroke with
the beak: tuk
a 2 a sti, unwilling
kiss: malamig (mataml
ay) na halik
pedal n. a lever worked by the foot:
ped
al
peddle v. 1 to carry from place
to place and sell: maglak
o, il
ako,
magl
ako, 2 to sell or deal out
in small quantities: magtind
a-

peninsula

tind
a, itind
a-tind
a, maglak
u-lak
o,
ilak
u-lak
o
peep v. 1 to look through a small
or narrow hole or crack: sumilip,
manilip, silipin 2 to look when no
one knows it: sumuly
ap, sulyap
an,
sumilip, manilip, silipin 3 to chirp:
hum
uni, sumiy
ap 4 to look out as
if peeping, to come out quietly:
sum
ungaw, sung
awin dum
ungaw,
dung
awin n. 1 a secret or
furtive look: silip, pagsilip, suly
ap,
pagsuly
ap 2 a looking out as if
peeping, coming out partly: s
ungaw,
pags
ungaw, d
ungaw, pagd
ungaw
peg n. a pin or small bolt for various uses: p
akong k
ahoy (kaw
ayan),
tal
asok, palt
ak v. 1 to fasten or
hold with pegs: magtal
asok, talas
ukan, ital
asok 2 to take a person
down a peg or two, to humble him:
humiy
a, hiyain
pen n. 1 a tool used in writing with
ink: pl
uma, p
ontimpen 2 a small
yard for cows, sheep, pigs, chickens,
etc.: kul
ungan, tangk
al, kur
al v. 1
to write: sum
ulat, sul
atin 2 to shut
up in a pen: magkul
ong, ikul
ong,
magtangk
al, itangk
al, magkur
al,
ikur
al
penalty n. 1 punishment: par
usa,
kaparusah
an 2 ne: mult
a, m
ulta
pencil n. a pointed tool to write or
draw with: l
apis
penetrate v. 1 to get into: buma
on
2 to go through, to pierce through:
maglag
os, lumag
os, paglagus
an,
tumag
os, tagus
an, lumamp
as, lampas
an 3 to soak through, to spread
through: tumag
os, tagus
an 4 to
see into, to understand: tumal
os,
matal
os, talusin, tumar
ok, matar
ok,
tarukin, umar
ok, maar
ok, arukin,
umun
aw
a, maunaw
aan, unaw
ain
penetrating adj. 1 sharp, piercing:
matalim 2 having an acute mind,
understanding thoroughly: mat
alas,
matalino
peninsula n. a piece of land almost

penitence

123

surrounded by water or extending

far out into the water: tangw
ay,
peninsula
penitence n. sorrow for doing
wrong, repentance: pagsisisi
penknife n. a small pocketknife: kortapl
uma
penmanship n. handwriting: s
ulatkam
ay, p
orma ng s
ulat
pen name a name used by a writer
instead of his real name: sagisag (na
pang
alan), sagisag-pan
ulat
pension n. a regular payment
to a person which is not wages:
pensiy
on, sustini, sustento v. to
give a pension to: magpensiy
on,
pensiyun
an, magsustini, sustinih
an,
magsustento, sustentuh
an
people n. 1 men, women and
children, persons: mga t
ao 2 race,
nation: lahi, bans
a 3 persons in
general, the public: madl
a, p
ubliko,
mga t
ao, b
ayan, t
aong-b
ayan
pepper n. 1 a seasoning powder
with a hot taste: pamint
a 2 a hollow
red or green vegetable that is cut
into pieces and used in pickles: sili
v. 1 to hit with small objects sent
thick and fast: magpaul
an, paulan
an
2 to season with pepper (in powder):
magpamint
a, pamintah
an
perennial adj. 1 lasting through
the whole year: santa
unan 2 lasting
for a long time: pangmatag
alan,
pangmah
abang-panah
on,
pampalagian n. a perennial plant:
pangmatag
alang hal
aman
perform v. 1 to do: gumaw
a,
gawin, tumup
ad, tupdin, tuparin
2 to put into eect, to carry out:
tumup
ad, tuparin, magsagaw
a,
isagaw
a, gawin, magsakatup
aran,
isakatup
aran 3 to act, play, sing,
or do tricks in public: guman
ap,
ganapin, gampan
an
perfume n. 1 a sweet smell: bang
o,
kabang
uhan, kabanguh
an, halim
uyak
2 a liquid having the sweet smell of
owers: pabang
o, perp
ume v. 1 to

person

ll with sweet odor: magpabang

o,
pabanguhin, magpahalim
uyak, pahalimuy
akin 2 to apply perfume on:
pabanguh
an
perhaps adv. maybe, possibly:
mar
ahil, malam
ang
period n. 1 a portion of time:
mah
abang
panah
on,
sandaling
(maikling, kaunting) panah
on 2 one
of the portions of time into which
a school day is divided: piriyod,
period 3 a certain series of years,
an era: panah
on, kapanah
unan 4
a complete sentence: pangung
usap
5 a dot marking the end of most
sentences or showing abbreviations:
tuld
ok, punt
o, p
unto 6 end: wak
as,
katapus
an
periodical adj. periodic: pa
ulit-
ulit
n. a magazine or newspaper
that appears less often than daily:
pery
odiko,
m
agasin,
magasin,
pahayag
an
permanent adj. lasting, intended to
last, not for a short time only: permanente, pirmihan, palagian
permission n. 1 consent: pahint
ulot,
kapahintul
utan, permiso 2 permitting: pagpapahint
ulot
permit v. to let, to allow: magpahint
ulot, pahintul
utan,
it
ulot,
tul
utan, pum
ayag, pay
agan n.
permit, a formal written order
giving permission to do something:
pahint
ulot, kapahintul
utan, permiso,
lisensiya
persevere v. to persist, to continue
steadily in doing something hard:
magtiyag
a, pagtiyaga
an
persistence n. 1 being persistent in making eorts, striving,
etc,: pagkamapilit, pagpupumilit 2
perseverance: pagtatam
an, kataman
an, pagtitiyag
a, katiyaga
an 3
continuing existence: pananatili,
pamamal
agi
person n. 1 a man, woman or
child: t
ao, kat
ao 2 the body, bodily
appearance: kata
uhan, pagkat
ao 3 a

personal

124

form of pronouns or verbs used to

show the speaker, the person spoken
to, etc.: panauh
an 4 in person, with
ones own body: mismo, person
al
personal adj. 1 individual, private:
sarili, pansarili, person
al 2 done
in person, directly by oneself, not
through others or by letter: person
al
3 of the body or bodily appearance:
pansarili, sarili 4 about or against
a person or persons: tungk
ol o l
aban
sa k
apwa, person
al 5 in grammar,
showing the person: pan
ao
personnel n. persons employed in
any work, business, or service: mga
tauh
an, mga nagtatrab
aho
perspiration n. 1 sweat: p
awis 2
sweating: pagpap
awis
perspire v. to sweat: magp
awis,
pum
awis, pagpawisan, pawisan
perturbation n. 1 disquiet of the
mind: pagkatig
atig, pagkabalisa,
pag-a
ala
ala, lingg
atong, pagkalig
alig
2 perturbed condition: kaligaligan,
kagul
uhan, kabalis
ahan 3 the thing,
act, or event that causes it: lig
alig,
gul
o, balisa, tig
atig, lingg
atong
perverse adj. 1 contrary: salung
at,
l
aban, k
ontra, lihis, sins
ay 2 persistent in wrong: mapilit sa kamalian
(kasal
anan),
nagmamatig
as
sa
pagkakamali
(pagkakas
ala)
3
wicked:
napakasam
a,
balaky
ot,
tampal
asan 4 not correct, wrong:
mali, s
ala, hindi tump
ak, lisya
5 obstinate: matig
as ang u
lo,
sutil 6 contrary, opposing others:
mapanikis
peso n. unit in Philippine currency:
piso
pest n. 1 a thing or person that
causes trouble, injuries, or destruction: maninira, peste, piste,
s
alot 2 nuisance: panggul
o, buwisit,
pambuwisit, peste, piste
pet n. 1 an animal kept as a favorite and treated with aection:
paboritong h
ayop 2 a darling or
favorite: paborito v. to touch

pick

lovingly and gently: hapl

us-haplusin
nang masuy
o adj. showing
aection: kin
agigiliwan
petals n. parts of a owers that are
usually colored: tal
utot
petition n. 1 a formal request:
hiling, kahilingan, petisy
on, pitisy
on,
paki
usap 2 a prayer: panal
angin,
dal
angin v. 1 to ask earnestly,to
make a petition to: humiling,
hilingin, magpetisy
on, magpitisy
on,
pumetisy
on, pumitisy
on, maki
usap,
paki
usap 2 to pray: manal
angin,
ipanal
angin, magdas
al, ipagdas
al
pharmacist n.
a
druggist,
a
chemist who prepares medicines:
parmase
utiko/a,
parmasy
utiko/a,
botik
aryo
pharmacy n.
1
drugstore:
parm
asya, botika 2 the occupation of a druggist: parm
asya
Philippines n. a country consisting
of a group of islands in the West Pacic Ocean: Pilipinas
phlegm n. the thick discharge from
the throat that accompanies a cold:
kalagh
ala, kalangh
aga, plema
photograph n. a picture made with
a camera: retr
ato, ritr
ato, litr
ato,
lar
awan v. to take a photograph
of: k
unan ng retr
ato (lar
awan),
retrat
uhin, ritrat
uhin
photographer n. a person who
takes
photographs:
potograp
o,
retratista, litratista
physician n. a doctor of medicine:
manggag
amot, m
ediko, dokt
or
pianist n. a person who plays the piano: piyanista
piano n. a large musical instrument:
piy
ano, pi
ano
pick v. 1 to choose, to select:
pumili, mamili, piliin 2 to pull
away with the ngers: pumit
as,
mamit
as, pitasin, pupulin 3 to
pierce, dig into or break up with
some pointed tool: magpiko, pik
uhin
4 to use something pointed to
remove things from: sumungkit,

pickpocket

125

sungkitin 5 to remove: mag-alis,

alisin 6 to seek and nd: maghan
ap,,
hum
anap, han
apin 7 to eat only
a bit at a time: sum
ubo l
amang
nang ka
unti, tumikim l
amang,
tumuk
a-tuk
a (tuk
a-tukain) l
amang
n. 1 a choice, selection: pili, ang
napili, hirang, gust
o, ibig 2 the
best part: piling kl
ase 3 a heavy
tool with sharp point for breaking
up earth or rock: piko
pickpocket n. a person who steals
from peoples pockets: mandur
ukot
picnic n. a trip or pleasure party,
with a meal in the open air: piknik
picture n. 1 a drawing, painting, or
photograph, a printed copy of any
of these: lar
awan, retr
ato, ritr
ato
2 a scene: tan
awin, panoorin 3
something beautiful: kagand
ahan,
karikt
an 4 a likeness, image:
lar
awan, kalar
awan, kapilas 5
motion picture: sine 6 lm: pelikula
v. 1 to draw: gum
uhit ng lar
awan,
ig
uhit ang lar
awan 2 to paint:
magpint
a, ipint
a 3 to form a picture
of, to imagine: gumunit
a, gunitain,
maglar
awan (ilar
awan) sa diw
a o
isip 4 to show by words, to describe
vividly: maglar
awan (ilar
awan) sa
pangung
usap
piece n. 1 a bit, scrap, one of
the parts into which a thing is
divided: pir
aso 2 a limited part:
kapir
aso, bah
agi, kap
utol 3 a small
quantity: kapir
aso, kap
utol, kaunti,

katiting 4 to give a person a piece of

ones mind, to scold him: mur
ahin,
pagsabihan, kagalitan
pier n. a structure supported on
columns extending into the water,
and used as a landing place: piyer,
pantal
an, da
ungan, do
ongan
pierce v. 1 to go into or through:
maglag
os, lumag
os, paglagus
an, tumag
os, tagus
an 2 to make a hole in,
to bore into or through: bum
utas,
magb
utas,
but
asin,
tum
usok,
magt
usok, tus
ukin 3 to force a way

pilot

through or into: tumag

os, tagus
an 4
to aect sharply with some feeling:
tumal
ab, talab
an, tabl
an 5 to pierce
with a sharp pointed weapon:
sumaks
ak,
saksakin,
dum
uro,
dur
uin 6 to pierce through and link
together: tum
uhog, tuh
ugin
pig n. 1 a domestic animal raised for
its meat: b
aboy 2 a young pig: biik 3
a wild pig: b
aboy-ram
o
pigeon n. a bird with a stout body
and short legs, a dove: kalap
ati, bat
ubat
o
pigsty, pigpen n. a pen for pigs:
kur
al (kul
ungan) ng b
aboy
pigtail n. a braid of hair hanging
from the back of the head: tirint
as
pile n. 1 many things lying one upon
another in a more or less orderly
way: salans
an, talaks
an 2 a mass like
a hill or mound: tamb
ak, bunt
on,
tump
ok 3 a heavy beam driven
upright into the ground to help
support a building, a bridge, etc.:
pil
ote, ist
aka, tr
osong pang-ist
aka
4 any large amount ( used in common talk): santamb
ak, sambunt
on,
sangkaterba, tamb
ak, bunt
on 5 a
large amount: d
ami v. 1 to make
into a pile, to heap up: magbunt
on,
ibunt
on, magtamb
ak, itamb
ak 2
to heap up evenly: magsalans
an,
isalans
an, magtalaks
an, italaks
an 3
to gather or rise in piles: matamb
ak,
mabunt
on, magkap
atung-p
atong 4
to go in a confused rushing crowd:
magsiksikan
pilfer v. to steal in small quantities: kum
upit, mang
upit, kupitin,

umumit, mang-umit, umitin

pill n. medicine made up into a tiny
ball to be swallowed whole: pildoras
pillow n. a bag or case lled with
feathers, down, or other soft materials: u
nan
pillowcase n. a cotton or linen cover
pulled over a pillow: pund
a, p
unda,
pund
a ng u
nan
pilot n. 1 a man who steers a ship:

pimple

126

pil
oto 2 one who steers an airplane:
pil
oto v. 1 to steer: um
ugit, ugitan
2 to guide, lead: pumatn
ubay, pagnub
ayan
pimple n. a small inamed swelling
of the skin: tagih
awat, tigy
awat
pin n. 1 a short, slender piece of wire
with a point at one end and a head
at the other for fastening things
together: aspili, ispili 2 a decorative
pin: alpiler 3 a badge witha pin or
clasp to fasten it to the clothing:
ts
apa 4 anything that fastens: ipit
5 hair pin: panuks
ok, ipit sa buh
ok
6 a safety pin: imperdible, perdible
7 a peg made of wood or metal:
talas
ok 8 a bowling pin: bulilyo
v. 1 to fasten with a pin, to put a
pin through: mag-aspili, aspilih
an,
iaspili 2 to hold fast in one position:
umipit, mag-ipit, ipitin, dumag
an,
magdag
an, dagan
an 3 on pins and
needles (very anxious and uneasy):
hindi mapalag
ay, balisa
pineapple n. a large juicy fruit
growing in hot climates: piny
a,
pinya
pink n. the color obtained by mixing
red with white, light or pale red:
r
osas adj. 1 of pink color: r
osas,
k
ulay-r
osas 2 in the pink (in sound
physical condition (coll.)): n
asa
mab
uting kondisy
on (kalag
ayan)
pipe n. 1 a tube through which a liquid or gas ows: t
ubo 2 a musical
instrument with a single tube into
which the player blows: pito, tipano
3 pipe for smoking: kuw
ako
pirate n. one who attacks and
robs ships unlawfully, robber on
the sea: pir
ata, tulis
ang-d
agat,
mandaramb
ong sa d
agat v. to be
a pirate, to plunder or rob ships:
manulis
an sa d
agat, mandaramb
ong
sa d
agat
pistol n. small shot gun held and
red with one hand: reb
olber, baril,
pist
ola
pitcher n. 1 a container made of

plain

china, glass, silver, etc., with a lip at

one side and a handle at the other:
pitsel 2 in baseball, the player who
throws the ball for the batter to hit:
pitser
place n. 1 the part or space occupied by a person or thing: puwesto,
lug
ar, lug
al 2 a city, town, or
village: lug
ar, lug
al, d
ako 3 district
or area: pur
ol, po
ol, distrito 4 house,
dwelling: b
ahay, tah
anan 5 a part or
spot on a body or surface: bah
agi,
p
arte 6 rank: puwesto, tungk
ulin,
lug
ar, lug
al 7 right position, usual
position: t
amang lug
ar (lug
al),
karaniwang lug
ar (lug
al), tump
ak
na a
yos 8 a space or seat for a
person: lug
ar, lug
al, puwesto 9
duty, business: tungk
ulin, gaw
ain
10 work, job, employment: trab
aho,
empleo, gaw
ain v. to put in a particular spot, position, or condition:
maglag
ay, ilag
ay, magl
agak, il
agak
adv. in place means (a) in the
proper or usual place: n
asa lug
ar,
n
asa wast
ong (d
ating) kinalalagy
an
(b) tting, apppropriate or timely:
angk
op, b
agay
plague n. 1 a very dangerous
disease that spreads rapidly and
often causes death: s
alot, peste,
piste 2 a thing or person that
torments, vexes, oends or is disagreeable: buwisit, peste, piste, s
alot
v. to vex, to annoy, to bother:
mambuwisit, buwisitin, mameste,
pestihin, manggamb
ala, gambal
ain,
mangyam
ot, yamutin
plain adj. 1 clear, easy to understand, easily seen or heard:
maliw
anag, malinaw 2 without
ornament: simple, pay
ak 3 all of
one color: liso, linso 4 not rich:
karaniwan, simple, di marangy
a 5
common, ordinary, simple in manner: pangkaraniwan, simple 6 not
pretty: karaniwan (pangkaraniwan)
ang gand
a, hindi magand
a 7 frank,
honest, sincere: tap
at, matap
at 8

plain-clothes man

127

at, level: pant

ay, p
atag 9 smooth:
makinis n. a at stretch of land:
kapat
agan
plain-clothes man a
detective:
detektib, sekreta, tiktik
plait n. 1 a braid: tirint
as 2 a at,
usually narrow fold made in cloth by
doubling it on itself, a pleat: pileges
v. 1 to braid: magtirint
as, tirintasin 2 to fold or arrange in plaits:
magpileges, pilegesan, ipileges
plan n. 1 a way of making or doing
something that has been worked out
beforehand: pl
ano, b
alak 2 project,
proposition: panuk
ala, pakan
a 3 a
drawing or diagram to show how a
garden, a oor, or a house, a park,
etc., is arranged: pl
ano, kr
ukis,
balangk
as, bangh
ay v. 1 to think
out beforehand how something is
to be made or done, to decide on
methods or materials: magb
alak,
bum
alak, bal
akin, magpanuk
ala,
panukal
ain 2 to make a plan of:
magpl
ano, ipl
ano, maipl
ano
plane n. 1 a at or level surface:
pant
ay (p
atag) na ib
abaw 2 a level:
lag
ay,
kalag
ayan,
pamant
ayan,
ant
as 3 airplane: erupl
ano 4 a
carpenters tool with a blade for
smoothing wood: kat
am v. to
smooth wood or metal with a plane:
magpakat
am, katamin, magkat
am
adj. at or level: p
atag, pant
ay
planet n. one of the heavenly bodies
that move around the sun: planeta,
t
ala
plant n. 1 a tree, bush, vine,
vegetable, etc. : hal
aman, tanim
2 the building, machinery, tool,
etc. used in manufacturing some
articles: pl
anta 3 a factory: p
abrika,
pagaw
aan 4 a young growth ready
to be set out in another place,
seedling: hal
amang pananim, punl
a
v. 1 to put in the ground to
grow: magtanim, itanim, tanim
an,
tamn
an 2 to set rmly, to erect:
magtirik, itirik, magtay
o, itay
o,

play

magtindig, itindig 3 to implant

principles, doctrines, etc.: maghasik,
ihasik, hasik
an, magtanim, itanim,
tanim
an, tamn
an, magt
uro, it
uro,
tur
uan
plate n. 1 a dish, usually round,
that is almost at: pl
ato, pingg
an 2
small plate (sauce): platito 3 food
served to one person at a meal:
is
ang pl
atong pagk
ain, put
ahe 4
dishes : mga pingg
an 5 a piece of
metal or other form of material with
false teeth set into it: pustiso 6 a
thin at sheet or piece of metal:
pl
antsa, o
has, p
ohas 7 a thin, at
piece of metal on which something
is engraved: klitse 8 a thin sheet of
glass coated with chemicals that are
sensitive to light: pl
aka, negatibo 9
in baseball, the homebase: h
ombeis,
h
ombeys, lubig
an, lubig
ang u
nan
v. to cover with a thin layer of
gold, silver or some other metal:
magtub
og (itub
og) sa gint
o (pilak)
platform n. 1 a raised level surface:
platap
orma, entabl
ado 2 a plan of
action or statement of beliefs of
a group: platap
orma, patakar
an,
simul
ain
play n. 1 fun, sport, action to amuse
oneself: lar
o, paglalar
o 2 a turn,
move or act in a game as in chess
and the like: s
ulong, tira 3 a story
acted on the stage: dul
a, dr
ama,
palab
as 4 a performance on a musical instrument: tugt
og, pagtugt
og 5
an action: gaw
a, kagagaw
an 6 gambling: sug
al, pagsusug
al, huwego,
paghuhuwego v. 1 to have fun, to
do something in sport: maglar
o,
laruin 2 to gamble: magsug
al,
isug
al, maghuwego, ihuwego 3 to
take part in a game: sum
ali sa lar
o,
makipaglar
o 4 to play against,
to compete: lum
aban, lab
anan (sa
lar
o), makipagpaligs
ahan (sa lar
o)
5 to make music on an instrument,
to make, give forth music,to produce as music: tumugt
og, tugtugin

playground

128

6 to act a part, to act the part

of: guman
ap ng papel, ganapin
ang papel 7 to act carelessly, to
do foolish things with something:
paglaru
an, laruin 8 to play on, to
take advantage of; make use of:
magsamantal
a,
pagsamantalah
an,
samantalahin
playground n. a piece of ground for
playing: lar
uan, palar
uan
playing card n. one of a set of cards
to play games with: bar
aha
plaything n. a thing to play with, a
toy: laru
an
plaza n. a public square in a city or
town: pl
asa, liw
asan
pleasant adj. 1 that pleases, giving
pleasure: kawili-wili, nakakawili,
kalug
ud-lug
od, nakalulug
od, kaig
aig
aya, nakaiig
aya 2 easy to get
along with, friendly: madaling
pakitung
uhan, kawili-wili, masay
ang
kas
ama, pala-kaibig
an 3 fair, not
stormy: aliw
alas, magand
a, mab
uti
please v. 1 to cause pleasure:
makasiy
a,
ikasiy
a,
makalug
od,
ikalug
od,
makatuw
a,
ikatuw
a,
makagal
ak, ikagal
ak 2 to give pleasure: magbig
ay-lug
od, bigy
ang-lug
od,
magbig
ay-kasiy
ahan,
bigy
angkasiy
ahan, pasayahin, aliwin 3 to
be pleased, to be moved to pleasure:
matuw
a, masiyah
an, malug
od 4
to have a preference, to like, to
prefer: magkagust
o, magustuh
an,
magkaibig, maibigan, mahiligan,
magkahilig 5 if you please, often
means with your permission: kung
pap
ayag kay
o, kung maa
ari s
ana,
kung ipahihint
ulot niny
o, kung
mamarap
atin niny
o
pleat n. a at, usually narrow fold
made in cloth by doubling it on itself: pileges v. to fold or arrange in
pleats: magpileges, pilegesan
pledge n. 1 a promise: pang
ako 2
a security, something that secures
or makes safe: sangl
a, garantiy
a,
garantiya, prenda v. 1 to mortgage

pneumonia

or give as a security: magsangl

a,
isangl
a 2 to promise: mang
ako,
pangak
uan, ipang
ako
plentiful adj. 1 ample, more than
enough: mar
ami 2 abundant:
sag
ana, masag
ana, laks
a, dags
a,
dags
aan
plenty n. 1 abundance: note: this
is a case in which the English
noun is usually rendered by an
adjective in Tagalog, e.g.: mar
ami
(many), sag
ana, masag
ana (much
or plentiful), l
abis-l
abis, s
obra-s
obra
(more than enough) 2 full supply,
all that one needs: kasagan
aan
pliers n. a tool used to hold or bend
things: b
okay-p
ato, plais
pluck v. 1 to pull o or out:
bum
unot, bun
utin 2 to pick owers,
fruits, etc,: pumit
as, mamit
as,
pitasin, pumup
ol, mamup
ol, pupulin
3 to pull the feathers o a fowl:
maghimulm
ol, himulmul
an 4 to
pluck the strings of a musical
instrument: kumalbit, kalbitin, kalabitin 5 to pull, to pull at: humila,
hil
ahin, bum
atak, bat
akin 6 to pull
up: bum
unot, bun
utin 7 to gather
up courage: magpalak
as ng lo
ob,
lakas
an (laks
an) ang lo
ob, tib
ayan
ang lo
ob n. courage: t
apang,
katap
angan, lak
as ng lo
ob
plug n. 1 a piece of wood, etc.,
used to stop up a hole: p
asak,
pam
asak, tap
on, panap
on 2 an
electric connecting device: plag,
plag ng koryente v. 1 to stop
up or ll with a plug: magp
asak,
pas
akan, magtap
on, tapun
an 2 to
put in as a plug: ip
asak, ipam
asak,
itap
on, ipanap
on 3 to plod, to work
steadily, to keep working: kum
ayod,
magkum
ayod 4 to plug in, to make
an electrical connection by inserting
a plug: magpl
ag, ipl
ag
plumber n. a man whose work is
putting in and repairing water pipes
and xtures in a building: tubero
pneumonia n. a disease in which

pocket

129

the lungs are inamed: pulmuny

a,
pulmuniya, niyum
onya
pocket n. 1 a small bag sewn into
clothing: buls
a, lukb
utan 2 a hole
in the earth containing gold or
other ore: dep
osito 3 a small bag
or pouch, such as at the corner end
or side of a billiard table: s
upot,
sup
ut-sup
utan adj. small enough
to go into a pocket: pambuls
a,
pamuls
a v. 1 to put in ones
pocket: magbuls
a, ibuls
a, ipamuls
a
2 to hold back, suppress: magpigil,
pigilin, magtimpi, timpiin 3 to
hide: maglihim, ilihim, magt
ago,
it
ago 4 to take and endure without
doing anything about it: magtiis,
pagtiis
an, tiisin 5 to take secretly
or dishonestly: mangumit, umitin,
magbuls
a, ibuls
a 6 to be out of
pocket means (a) to lose money:
maub
usan (mawal
an) ng kuw
alta
(b) be a loser, esp. in gambling:
mat
alo sa sug
al
poem n. a composition in verse:
tul
a
point n. 1 a sharp end: t
ulis, d
ulo
2 a dot, punctuation mark: tuld
ok,
punt
o, p
unto 3 item, detail: bah
agi
4 the main idea: paks
a 5 intention:
lay
unin 6 reason: dahil
an 7 what
one wants to say: ang ibig sabihin
8 what is being spoken about:
pinag-uus
apan 9 special quality
or feature: katangian 10 place,
spot: lug
ar, lug
al 11 a piece of
land projecting into the water,
a cape: l
ungos, t
angos 12 a unit
of scoring: punt
os v. 1 to aim:
magt
utok, tum
utok, it
utok, tut
ukan,
umasint
a, asintahin, iasint
a 2 to
sharpen: magt
ulis, tulisan, magtas
a, tasah
an 3 to point out, to
show or call attention to: it
uro,
ipakita, ipakil
ala, tur
uin 4 to show
position or direction: maghimat
on,
maghimat
ong, ihimat
on, ihimat
ong,
it
uro
pole n. 1 a long, slender piece of

pool

wood, post: haligi, p

oste 2 bamboo
pole: tikin 3 the end of the earths
axis: p
olo
police n. the men who keep order
and arrest persons who break the
law: pulisya, pulisiya, mga pulis v.
to keep order, to guard: magbant
ay,
bumant
ay, bantay
an
policeman n. a member of the poad ng bat
as, a
lat
lice force: pulis, alag
policy n. 1 a plan of action, way
of management: patakar
an, pal
akad,
pamamal
akad, pasun
od 2 a written
agreement about insurance: p
olisa
polish v. 1 to make smooth and
shiny: magpakint
ab, pakintabin,

magb
uli, bulihin 2 to polish the
oor with coconut husk: magbun
ot,
bunutin 3 to become smooth and
shiny, take on polish: kumint
ab,
mab
uli 4 to make elegant or rened (in manner): pin
uhan n.
1 polished condition: kint
ab, kakintab
an 2 a substance used to give
smoothness or shine: pakint
ab, pampakint
ab, sebo, bit
on 3 renement
(in manners): kagand
ahang-
asal
polite adj. 1 behaving properly,
having or showing good manners:
may magand
ang
asal, mag
alang,
mapit
agan 2 rened, elegant:
marang
al, matin
o
politics n. 1 the science and art of
government: pulitika 2 political principles or opinions: patakar
ang pampulitika
pomade n. a perfumed ointment for
the scalp and hair: pom
ada
pond n. a body of still water smaller
than a lake: l
awa, dag
at-dag
atan
ponderous adj. 1 very heavy: napakabig
at 2 heavy and slow: napakabig
at at mab
agal 3 dull, tiresome:
wal
ang sigl
a, nakaiinip, nakababag
ot
pony n. a kind of small horse: buriko
pool n. 1 a small body of still
water: l
awa 2 a small amount
of water, e.g., lying on a road,
oor, etc.: l
awa, d
anaw, s
anaw

poor

130

3 a swimming pool: lang

uyan,
palang
uyan 4 a game like billiards,
played with balls on a special table:
pul, bily
ar 5 the money (or things)
put together by dierent persons:
bakas
an 6 the persons who form
a pool: magkab
akas, magkas
osyo,
magkakab
akas, magkakas
osyo v.
to put money (or things) together
for common advantage: magb
akas,
magbakas
an, pagbak
asin, mags
osyo,
magsosy
uhan, pagsosyuhin, pagbak
as-bak
asin,
pagsosy
o-sosyuhin,
pagpis
an-pis
anin, pagsam
a-sam
ahin
poor adj. 1 having a few things
or nothing: mahirap, maralit
a,
dukh
a, p
obre 2 not good in quality, lacking something: hindi (di)
mab
uti, masam
a, mahina, wal
ang
kuwenta, hindi magaling 3 unfortunate, needing pity: ka
awa-
awa,
kahab
ag-hab
ag 4 lowly, common,
insignicant: ab
a, h
amak n. poor
people: ang mga mahirap (p
obre,
dukh
a, maralit
a, dah
op, sal
at)
popcorn n. 1 a kind of corn, the
kernels of which burst open and
pu-out when heated: is
ang u
ri
ng bubusahing mais 2 the white
pued-out kernels: binus
ang mais,
p
apkorn
Pope n. the head of the Roman
Catholic Church: P
apa
popular adj. 1 liked by most
people: popul
ar, bant
og, sik
at, kilal
ang-kilal
a, tany
ag 2 widespread:
lag
anap, palas
ak, popul
ar, kal
at 3
liked by acquaintances or associates:
popul
ar, kilal
a, matun
og, tany
ag,
lit
aw 4 of the people, by the people:
ng mga t
ao, pangmadl
a, ng madl
a,
ng b
ayan, ng masa 5 representing
the people: kumakataw
an sa mga
t
ao, kinakataw
an ng mga t
ao 6
suited to the people: karaniwan,
pangkaraniwan
pork n. 1 the meat of a pig or hog
used for food: k
arne (karn
e) ng
b
aboy, b
aboy 2 salted pork: tusino,

possess

inasn
ang b
aboy, bin
urong b
aboy
porridge n. cereal cooked in water
or milk: l
ugaw, nil
ugaw, tsampor
ado
port n. 1 a harbor, place where
ships and boats can be sheltered
from storms: puwerto, da
ungan,
do
ongan 2 the town or city by a
harbor: puwerto, da
ungan 3 the
opening in the side of a ship to let
in light and air: bab
or, bint
ana sa
tagiliran ng bap
or 4 the left side of
a ship: bab
or, kaliw
ang tagiliran ng
bap
or 5 a way of carrying oneself,
bearing: tindig, tikas, bikas
portion n. 1 a part of share: bah
agi,
kabah
agi, parte, p
arte 2 quantity
of food served to one person: pl
ato
3 a bit, a part: pir
aso, kapir
aso,
kap
utol v. to divide into shares
or parts: magbah
agi, bahagihin,

magparte, partihin, magh

ati-h
ati,
paghati-hatiin
portrait n. a picture of a person:
lar
awan, retr
ato, ritr
ato, litr
ato
portray v. 1 to make a likeness
of, as in a drawing or painting:
gum
uhit,
ig
uhit,
maglar
awan,
ilar
awan 2 to picture in words, to
describe: maglar
awan, ilar
awan 3
to represent on the stage: guman
ap
ng papel, ganapin ang papel, magpapel, papelin, pumapel, papel
an,
gumamp
an, gampan
an
position n. 1 the place where
a thing or person is: tay
o, kinatatay
uan, puwesto 2 a job:
trab
aho,
hanapb
uhay,
empleo,
puwesto, tungk
ulin 3 rank, standing,
high standing: r
anggo, kateg
orya,
kategoriya, tungk
ulin
possess v. 1 to own: mag-
ari,
magmay-
ari, ariin 2 to have:
mag-angkin, angkinin, magkaro
on,
magtagl
ay, taglayin 3 to control,
inuence: magh
ari, pagharian 4
to be controlled by an evil spirit:
pagharian (alipinin) ng dem
onyo
5 to obtain, to get: magkamit,
makamit,
makamt
an,
kamt
an,

possible

131

magtam
o, matam
o, tamuhin
possible adj. 1 that can be:
maa
ari, posible 2 that can happen:
maa
aring mangy
ari (matup
ad) 3
that can be done: magagaw
a 4
that can be true or a fact: maa
aring
t
unay, maa
aring toto
o (magkatoto
o)
possibly adv. by any possibility, no
matter what happens: sa anum
ang
mangy
ari, kahit an
o ang mangy
ari,
an
o man ang mangy
ari, kaip
ala
post n. 1 a piece of timber, iron,
etc., rmly set up, usually to support something else: p
oste, haligi 2
mail, a single delivery of mail: koreo
3 the place where soldiers, etc.,
are stationed: himpilan, istasy
on 4
military station: himpilan, k
ampo 5
place where one is supposed to be
when one is on duty: puwesto, tay
o,
lag
ay v. 1 to fasten (a notice)
up in a place where it can easily
be seen: magdikit, idikit, magpaskil,
ipaskil, maglag
ay o magkabit (ng
babal
a) 2 to make public, make
known by means of a posted notice: magpaun
awa, paunaw
aan,
ipaun
awa, magpah
ayag, ih
ayag,
magbabal
a, ibabal
a, magpatalast
as,
ipatalast
as 3 to station at a post,
place: magpuwesto, ipuwesto, magtalag
a, italag
a 4 to send by mail:
magkoreo, ikoreo, magh
ulog (ih
ulog)
sa koreo
postponement n. putting o till
later, delay: pagpapaliban, pagpapaib
ang-
araw, pagpapab
ukas-b
ukas
pot n. 1 an earthen vessel for
cooking: palay
ok, paly
ok 2 a small
earthen cooking pot: anglit 3 a
big earthen cooking pot: kating
an
4 a metal pot: kaldero 5 a ower
pot: masetera, pas
o 6 a pot and
what is in it, the amount a pot will
hold: sampalay
ok, is
ang palay
ok
v. 1 to put into a pot: maglag
ay
sa, ilag
ay sa 2 to put into a ower
pot: magpas
o, ipas
o, magtanim
(itanim) sa pas
o (masetera) 3 to

practice

keep the pot boiling, to make a

living: maghanapb
uhay
potatoes n. a vegetable growing under the ground: pat
atas
potency n. power, strength: kapangyarihan, lak
as, bisa
pound (1) n. a measure of weight
equal to 16 ounces: libra
pound (2) n. an enclosed place to
put stray animals in: kul
ungan a
pen: kor
al.
pound (3) n. a heavy blow, or its
sound: kalamp
ag, kab
og, kalant
og,
kalab
og, kat
ok na malak
as v.
1 to strike or beat heavily again
and again: kumalamp
ag, kalampagin, pumukp
ok, pukpukin 2 to
crush grain in a mortar with a
pestle: magbay
o, bumay
o, bayuhin,
magdikdik, dikdikin 3 to crush
to powder by beating: magd
urog,
dur
ugin 4 to strike (pound) with
the st: sumunt
ok, suntukin
pour v. 1 to cause to ow in a
steady stream: mags
alin, is
alin,
magb
uhos, ib
uhos 2 to ow in a
steady stream: um
agos, bum
uhos,
bumugs
o 3 to pour grain, etc., from
a container: mag-
uho, i
uho n. a
pouring: pagbub
uhos, pagsas
alin
powder n. 1 a solid reduced to
dust by pounding, crushing or
grinding: pulb
os 2 face powder:
pulb
os sa mukh
a 3 talcum powder: t
alko, t
alkom 4 gunpowder:
pulbur
a, p
ulbura v. 1 to make
into powder: magpulb
os, pumulb
os,
pulbusin,
magd
urog,
dum
urog,
dur
ugin, magligis, lumigis, ligisin 2
to sprinkle or cover with powder:
magpulb
os, pulbus
an 3 to become
powder: mapulb
os, maligis
powerful adj. 1 strong: malak
as 2
having great power or force: makapangyarihan 3 eective: mabisa,
mat
apang
practice n. 1 action done many
times over for skill: pr
aktis,
pagsas
anay 2 the skill gained by

prairie

132

experience or exercise: kasanay

an,
kadalubhas
aan 3 the usual way, the
custom: ug
ali, kaugalian, pinagkaugalian, gawi 4 the following of
lawyers profession: pag-aabug
ado
v. 1 (also spelled practise) to do
some act again and again to learn
to do it well: mags
anay, san
ayin,
magpr
aktis, praktisin 2 make a
custom of: ugaliin 3 to put into
eect: magsagaw
a, isagaw
a 4 to
do something as an occupation or
profession: manungk
ulan
prairie n. a large piece of level or
rolling land with grass but no trees:
p
arang
praise n. 1 saying that a thing
or person is good: p
uri, pagp
uri,
pagpup
uri 2 words which tell the
good worth or value of a thing or
person: pap
uri v. 1 to speak
well of, to compliment: pum
uri,
papurihan, purihin 2 to worship
God in words or song: magp
uri,
purihin
pray v. 1 to speak to God in worship: magdas
al, manal
angin 2 to ask
help from God, to pray for something or someone: ipanal
angin, ipagdas
al 3 to ask earnestly: sum
amo,
is
amo, mamanhik, ipamanhik, magmaka
awa, ipagmaka
awa
prayer n. 1 act of praying: das
al,
pagdaras
al, dal
angin, pananal
angin
2 a thing prayed for: ang panal
angin,
ang ipinananal
angin, ang idinadal
angin, ang ipinagdaras
al 3 a
form of words to be used in praying:
das
al, panal
angin 4 an earnest
request:
panal
angin,
pags
amo,
pamanhik
predict v. to tell beforehand,
to make a prophecy: humul
a,
mahul
aan, mangh
ula, hul
aan
premeditate v. to consider or
plan
beforehand:
maghand
a,
paghanda
an, ihand
a, pag-isipan
preoccupation n.
absorption,
being occupied: pagkaab
ala, di

president

pagkatigil sa ginagaw
a
prepare v. 1 to make ready: maghand
a, paghanda
an, ipaghand
a,
ihand
a,
maggay
ak,
ipaggay
ak,
igay
ak 2 to get ready: maghand
a,
humand
a, gumay
ak 3 to make by a
special process: gumaw
a, gawin
prescribe v. 1 to order: mag-
utos,
i
utos, ipag-
utos, ut
usan, magatas, i

atas, at
asan 2 to order,
as medicine: magreseta, ires
eta,
reset
ahan, magh
atol, ih
atol, hat
ulan
present (1) v. 1 to give: magbig
ay, ibig
ay, bigy
an 2 to make
known or introduce one person
to another: magpakil
ala, ipakil
ala
3 to introduce as a resolution:
maghar
ap ng mungk
ahi, ihar
ap
ang
mungk
ahi,
magmungk
ahi,
imungk
ahi 4 to oer, to set forth in
words: maglah
ad, ilah
ad, magbig
ay,
ibig
ay, magpah
ayag, ipah
ayag 5 to
bring (a play) before the public:
magtangh
al, itangh
al, magpalab
as,
palabasin, ilab
as 6 to hand in,
send in: maghar
ap, ihar
ap 7 to
present with, to give to: maghand
og,
handug
an, ihand
og, magreg
alo, regal
uhan, ireg
alo, mag-
alay, al
ayan,
i
alay
present (2) n. 1 a gift, something
given: hand
og, reg
alo, ala
ala, a
lay,
big
ay 2 now, the time being:
ngay
on, kasaluk
uyan 3 present
tense (in grammar.): panah
ong
kasaluk
uyan
(pangkasaluk
uyan)
adj. 1 at hand, not absent:
n
arito, n
aririto, n
ariyan, n
aririyan,
n
aroon, n
aroroon, dumal
o, humar
ap
2 current, occurring now, at this
time: kasaluk
uyan, ngay
on
presentiment n. 1 a feeling or
impression that something is about
to happen: kut
ob, hin
ala 2 a vague
sense of approaching misfortune:
guniguni, kab
a, salagimsim
president n. the chief ocer of a
company, society, etc., the highest
executive of a republic: presid
ente,

press

133

pang
ulo
press v. 1 to use force or weight
steadily in pushing, to push: dumiin,
diin
an, idiin 2 to squeeze, e.g., the
juice out of fruit: pumig
a, pigain
3 to squeeze something hard as
a pimple, etc.: pumis
a, pisain,
pumisil, pisilin, pumind
ot, pindutin
4 to make smooth, to atten: magu
nat, un
atin, magprins
a, prinsahin,
magpl
antsa, mamal
antsa, plantsahin
n. 1 a push: diin, tu
on, pind
ot 2 a
machine or establishment for printing: imprenta, limb
agan, palimb
agan
3 newspaper: pahayag
an, pery
odiko,
diy
aryo 4 the people who run the
newspaper: ang mga peryodista, ang
mga mamamahay
ag 5 a cupboard
for clothes, books, etc.: aparad
or,
k
abinet
presumption n. 1 thing taken for
granted: ak
ala, sapant
aha, palag
ay
2 act of presuming: pag-aak
ala,
pagsasapant
aha, pagpapalag
ay
pretty adj. pleasing (used to describe people and things that are
good looking in a feminine or
childish way): marikit, maril
ag,
ka
akit-
akit adv. 1 fairly, rather:
medyo 2 considerable in amount,
extent, etc.: lubh
a
prevent v. 1 to keep from, to hinder:
humadl
ang, hadlang
an, sumans
ala,
sansal
ain, pumigil, pigilin 2 to be
a hindrance: humadl
ang, makahadl
ang, pumigil, makapigil 3 to
keep from happening: pumigil,
makapigil, pigilin 4 to prevent
from doing: sumans
ala, sansal
ain,
pumigil, pigilin
previous adj. 1 coming before, that
came before: u
na, nauun
a, d
ati,
nakara
an, lumipas 2 previous to,
before: b
ago
price n. 1 the amount for which
a thing is sold or can be bought:
halag
a, presyo 2 the amount paid
for any result: b
ayad, kabayar
an
v. to put a price on, to set the price

prisoner

of: magpresyo, presyuh

an, ipresyo,
maghalag
a, halagah
an, ihalag
a
prick n. 1 a sharp point: t
ulis 2
the little hole or mark made by a
sharp point: dur
o, tur
ok, t
usok,
sund
ot, tund
o 3 act of pricking:
pagdur
o,
pagtur
ok,
pagtund
o,
pagsund
ot, pagt
usok v. 1 to make
a little hole in or mark on with a
sharp point: magdur
o, dum
uro,
dur
uin, id
uro, magtur
ok, tumur
ok,
turukin, turuk
an, itur
ok, magt
usok,
tum
usok, tus
ukan, tus
ukin, it
usok,
sumund
ot, sundutin 2 to be pricked
with thorns: matinik, mad
uro
(matund
o, mat
usok) ng tinik
priest n. a clergyman or minister
of a Christian church: p
ari, p
are,
saserd
ote
prince n. a son of a king, son of a
kings son: prinsipe
princess n. a daughter of a king,
daughter of a kings son: prinsesa
principal adj.
most
important, chief, main: pangunahin,
pinakap
uno,
pinakamahalag
a,
prinsip
al n. 1 chief person, one
who gives orders, esp. in a school:
prinsip
al, p
unong-gur
o 2 a sum of
money on which interest is paid:
puh
unan, kapit
al
print n. 1 a mark made by pressing
or stamping, such as a footprint:
bak
as, tat
ak 2 the words in ink
stamped by type: limb
ag 3 letters
in ink stamped by type: mga titik
(letra) v. 1 to use type to stamp
words on paper, etc.: maglimb
ag,
lumimb
ag, limbagin, ilimb
ag 2 to
cause to be printed, to publish:
maglath
ala, ilath
ala, magpalimb
ag,
ipalimb
ag 3 to make letters the way
they look in print instead of writing
them: ilimb
ag, limbagin (ang letra)
prison n. 1 a place where one is
shut up against his will: bilangg
uan,
piitan, kul
ungan, karsel, kalab
oso
2 the state penitentiary of the
Philippines: bilibid

private

134

prisoner n. 1 a person who is kept

shut up against his will or who is
not free to move: preso, bilangg
o,
kalab
oso 2 a person taken by the enemy in war, a capture: bihag
private adj. 1 not for the public, for
just a few special people or for one:
prib
ado, pansarili, hindi p
ara sa
madl
a 2 having a non-government
aho sa
oce:
hindi nagtatrab
gubyerno 3 in private, secretly: nang
sarilin
an (sekreto, palihim, patag
o)
n. a common soldier, not an
ocer: k
awal na u
ltimo (ordin
aryo),
pr
aybet
prize v. to value highly: pahalagah
an (mahalagahin) nang lubh
a,
mahalin (pakamahalin) nang lubh
a
n. the reward won after trying
against other people: gantimp
ala,
premyo adj. 1 worthy of a prize:
magagantimpal
aan, mapepremyuh
an
2 costly: mah
al, mamah
alin
probably adv. more likely than not:
malam
ang
problem n. 1 a matter of doubt
or diculty: s
uliranin, problema
2 something to be worked out:
problema, tan
ong
proceed v. 1 to go on after having
stopped, to move forward: magtul
oy,
tumul
oy, itul
oy, magpat
uloy, ipagpat
uloy 2 to carry out any activity:
magpat
uloy, ipagpat
uloy, itul
oy
product n. 1 that which is produced: prod
ukto, y
ari 2 a result of
work: gaw
a, likh
a, b
unga 3 farm
products:
ani, prod
ukto
profession n. 1 an occupation
requiring an education, especially
law, medicine, teaching, or the
ministry: propesy
on 2 act of professing: pagpapah
ayag, pagtatap
at 3
religious profession, taking of vows:
propesy
on
professor n. 1 a teacher of the
highest rank in a college or university: propes
or 2 a teacher: g
uro,
maestro/a, mestro/a

promontory

prot n. 1 the gain from business: t

ubo, tin
ubo, kita, kinita,
pakin
abang 2 advantage, benet:
bent
aha, kabutihan, pakin
abang, kapakinabang
an v. 1 to make a prot
in business: magt
ubo, tum
ubo,
pagtub
uan, tub
uin, makin
abang,
pakinab
angan,
pakinab
angin,
kumita, pagkakit
aan, kit
ain 2 to
get advantage, to gain, to benet:
makin
abang, pakinab
angan
program/programme n. 1 list
of items or events: palatunt
unan,
progr
ama 2 a plan of what is to be
done: progr
ama
prohibit v. 1 to forbid by law or
authority: magb
awal, ipagb
awal,
pagbaw
alan 2 to prevent: pumigil,
pigilan, pigilin
prohibition n. 1 the act of forbidding: pagbab
awal 2 a law or laws
against making or selling alcoholic
liquors: bat
as na nagbab
awal sa
paggaw
a at pagbibili ng
alak
prominence n. 1 conspicuousness
of something: kalantar
an, kalitaw
an
2 state of projecting: pagkausli 3
a being prominent, distinguished
or conspicuous: katanyag
an, kabantug
an
prominent adj. 1 standing out,
projecting: usli, nakausli, lit
aw,
nakalit
aw 2 easy to see: kitang-kita,
lant
ad, hay
ag 3 well-known: tany
ag,
kilal
a, lit
aw, bant
og 4 important:
mahalag
a
promise n. 1 words said, binding a
person to do or not to do something:
pang
ako, salit
a, pangung
usap 2
that which gives hope of success:
may kinabuk
asan, may hinahar
ap,
may pag-
asa v. 1 to give ones
word, to make a promise: mang
ako,
ipang
ako, pangak
uan 2 to make a
promise of: mang
ako ng, ipang
ako
ang, pangak
uan ng 3 to give hope,
to give hope of: magpa
asa, paas
ahin,
magbig
ay ng pag-
asa, mang
ako
promontory n. a high point of land

prompt

135

extending from the coast into the

water, headland: l
ungos
prompt adj. quick, on time, done at
once: madali, ma
agap, maliksi v.
1 to cause someone to do something:
mag-udy
ok, udyuk
an 2 to cue one of
the words or action to be said or
done: magdikt
a, diktah
an, idikt
a
prop v. to hold up by placing a
support under or against: magt
ukod,
tuk
uran, mags
uhay, suh
ayan n.
thing or person used to support
another: t
ukod, gab
ay, s
uhay
propaganda n. systematic eorts
to spread opinions or beliefs:
propag
anda, pagpapalag
anap
proper adj. 1 correct, right: wast
o,
tump
ak, t
ama 2 tting, suitable,
becoming: angk
op, d
apat, b
agay 3
not common to all: pant
angi 4
belonging to one or a few: t
angi,
u
kol, nau
ukol
property n. 1 a thing or things
owned, possessions:
ari, ari-arian,
pag-a
ari, propyed
ad 2 a quality
belonging specially to something:
katangian, bisa
prostitute n. a woman who gets
money for immoral behavior with
men: p
uta, kalap
ating mab
aba ang
lip
ad, masam
ang bab
ae, pat
utot,
burik
ak v. to put to an unworthy
or base use: gum
amit (gamitin) sa
masam
a
prostrate v. 1 to lay down at,
to cast down: magpatirap
a, humand
usay, bumulagt
a 2 to make
very weak or helpless, exhaust:
magpalupayp
ay,
lumupayp
ay,
papanlupaypayin, ilupayp
ay, magpahina, papanghin
ain adj. 1
lying at with face downward:
nakadap
a, nakarap
a 2 lying at
(either face downward or on ones
back): nakahand
usay, nakabulagt
a
3 overcome, helpless: lugm
ok,
nakalugm
ok, lugami, nakalugami
protection n. 1 the act of protecting: pagkalinga, pagtangkilik,

provide

pagkupk
op,
pangangal
aga,
pagtatangg
ol, pagsasanggal
ang 2 the
condition of being kept from harm:
pagkapagkalinga, pagkakakalinga,
pagkapagtangkilik, pagkakatangkilik,
pagkapagkupk
op, pagkak
akupk
op 3 a
defense, something used to defend:
panangg
ol, pananggal
ang 4 a thing
or person that prevents damage:
sanggal
ang,
tagapagsanggal
ang,
tagapagtangg
ol
protestation n. 1 strong assertion,
solemn declaration: pagsump
a 2 a
protest: t
utol, pagt
utol, prot
esta 3
used to close a sentence to reinforce
disagreement,
contradiction
or
protestation: eh
protrude v. 1 to cause to thrust
forth or stick out: magpausli,
pausliin, iusli, magpalab
as, palabasin, ilab
as 2 to project: umusli,
lumab
as, lumit
aw
proud adj. 1 thinking too well of
oneself, haughty: mapagmata
as,
mapagmalaki 2 arrogant: pal
alo,
supl
ada/o 3 boastful: may
abang,
hamb
og 4 vain, showing o oneself or something: marangy
a,
mapagparangy
a,
nagpaparangy
a,
banid
oso/a 5 very pleasing to the
feelings or self-esteem: maipagkakap
uri, kap
uri-p
uri, maipagmamalaki
6 grand, magnicent: marang
al,
marangy
a, maril
ag, dakila 7 proud
of, thinking well of or being well
satised
with:
ipinagkakap
uri,
maipagkakap
uri, ipinagmamap
uri,
maipagmamalaki, ipinagmamalaki
provide v. 1 to take care for the future: magla
an, paglaan
an, ipagla
an,
maghand
a, paghanda
an, ipaghand
a
2 to supply means of support, to
support: sumustento, sustentuh
an 3
to get ready, to prepare: maghand
a,
paghanda
an, ipaghand
a 4 to supply,
to furnish: magbig
ay, bigy
an, ibig
ay,
magkalo
ob, pagkaloob
an, ipagkalo
ob
5 to state as a condition beforehand:
magtakd
a, itakd
a, magtadh
ana,

province

136

itadh
ana
province n. 1 a part of a country
at a distance from the capital, a
big regional division of a country:
lalawigan, probinsiya 2 a division:
sang
ay 3 a department: kagawar
an
provincial adj. 1 of a province: panlalawigan, probinsiy
al, ng probinsiya
(lalawigan) 2 having the manners,
speech, dress, point of view, etc.,
of people living in a province:
tagalalawigan, probinsiy
ano/a 3
local: pampo
ok n. a provincial
person: probinsiy
ano/a
provision n. 1 that which is made
ready: b
aon 2 a supply: panust
os
3 a stock, especially of food,
food: panla
ang pagk
ain, pagk
ain 4
provisions, a supply of food and
drinks: mga panust
os na pagk
ain at
in
umin 5 act of providing: pagtust
os
6 preparation: paghah
anda 7 a
statement making a condition:
kondisy
on, tadh
ana v. to supply
with provisions: magbig
ay (bigy
an)
ng mga kagamit
an o kail
angan
provocative adj. 1 tending or
serving to call forth action, thought,
laughter, anger, etc.: pam
ukaw,
pumup
ukaw, mapagbuns
od, nagbubuns
od 2 serving to cause anger:
pampag
alit, nakagag
alit, kag
alit-g
alit
provoke v. 1 to make angry, to
vex: magpag
alit, galitin, pagalitin
2 to stir up, excite: pum
ukaw,
makap
ukaw, puk
awin 3 to call
forth: kum
ayag, kay
agin 4 to bring
about, to cause, to start into action:
magbuns
od, ibuns
od, lumikh
a 5
to initiate trouble: mang-udyok,
udyukan, udyukin
pry (1) v. to look with curiosity
(generally used in the sense of to
pry into other peoples aairs):
manghim
asok (makial
am) sa mga
gaw
ain ng ib
a n. an inquisitive person: mausisang t
ao, t
aong
mapanghim
asok,
paki-alam
ero/a,
usisero/a, usy
oso/a

pulsate

pry (2) v. 1 to raise or move by

force: tumalikw
as, talikwasin, patalikwasin, sumikw
at, sikwatin 2 to get
with much eort: magpilit, mapilit,
pagpilitan,
pilitin,
pumuwersa,
mapuwersa, puwersahin, mapig
a
n. a lever for prying: panikw
as,
panikw
at
pseudonym n. a name used by an
author instead of his real name:
sagisag, sagisag-pan
ulat, a
lyas
public adj. 1 of the people: ng
madl
a, ng p
ubliko 2 belonging to
the people: pamb
ayan, ng b
ayan
3 for the people, serving the
people: panlah
at, pangkalahat
an,
pangmadl
a, pamb
ayan, pangmamamay
an 4 known to many or all:
hay
ag, kal
at, al
am ng lah
at n. 1 all
the people: mga t
ao, t
aong-b
ayan,
madl
a, m
asa 2 in public, publicly,
openly, not in private or secretly:
hay
agan, lant
aran
pudding n. a soft cooked food,
usually sweet, such as rice pudding:
p
uding
puddle n. a small dirty pool: s
anaw,
l
usak
pull v. 1 to pluck, to extract:
bum
unot, bun
utin, bun
utan 2 to
draw, to haul, to drag, to tug:
humila, hil
ahin, bum
atak, bat
akin 3
to draw out: dum
ukot, duk
utin 4 to
stretch, strain, pull taut: bum
anat,
ban
atin, mag-
unat, un
atin 5 the
act of pulling: hila, paghila, b
atak,
pagb
atak, halt
ak, paghalt
ak, h
atak,
pagh
atak 6 a drawing out: d
ukot,
pagd
ukot, b
unot, pagb
unot 7 a
pulling up: b
unot, pagb
unot 8 to
pull out means to open forcibly:
humalt
ak, haltakin, bumalt
ak, baltakin 9 to draw out, to pull up, to
uproot: dum
ukot, duk
utin, bum
unot,
magb
unot, bun
utin
pullet n. young hen, usually one less
than a year old: dumal
agang man
ok
pulsate v. 1 to beat, to throb: tumib
ok, pumintig 2 to quiver, to vi-

pulverize

137

brate: manginig, kuminig

pulverize v. 1 to grind to powder:
magpulb
os, pumulb
os, pulbusin,
magligis, lumigis, ligisin 2 to
become dust: mapulb
os, maligis
pump n. a machine for forcing
liquids, air, or gas into or out of
things: b
omba, pamb
omba v.
1 to move liquids, air, etc, by a
pump: magb
omba, bum
omba, bombahin, bombah
an 2 to put air into:
magb
omba, bum
omba, bombahin,
bombah
an (ng h
angin) 3 to get
information out of: magtatan
ong,
pagtatanungin, mag-usisa, usis
ain
4 to remove liquid with a pump:
magpahitit, ipahitit
pumpkin n. a large orange-yellow
fruit of a trailing vine, much like a
squash: kalab
asa
punishment n. 1 act of punishing, being punished: pagpapar
usa,
pagkakapar
usa 2 pain, suering,
loss: par
usa, kaparusah
an
puppet n. 1 a small doll: manyika,
manika, ta
u-ta
uhan 2 anybody
who is not independent, waits to
be told how to act, and does what
somebody says: p
apet, bul
ag na
tagasun
od, kasangk
apan
puppy n. a young dog: t
uta
pure adj. 1 not mixed with anything
else: p
uro, wal
ang h
alo, dalisay,
tagan
as 2 genuine: t
unay, lant
ay,
p
uro, pay
ak 3 without sin, with no
evil: dalisay, malinis, wag
as, ban
al
4 clean, clear: malinis 5 nothing
else than: l
amang, p
awa
purgative n. a medicine that causes
movement of the bowels: purg
a,
pampurg
a adj. purging, cleansing:
pampurg
a, pamurg
a, pampadumi
purple n. 1 a dark color made by
mixing red and blue: biyoleta, lila,
mur
ado, k
ulay-
ube 2 people of royal
or high rank: mararang
al (matata
as
na t
ao) adj. imperial, royal, noble:
marang
al, dakila
purpose n. 1 plan, aim, intention:

quail

b
alak, tangk
a, hang
ad, hang
arin
2 object: l
ayon, lay
unin, p
akay
v. 1 to plan, to aim, to intend:
magb
alak,
bal
akin,
magtangk
a,
tangkain, maghang
ad, hangarin 2
on purpose, with a purpose, not by
accident: sady
a, sinady
a
purse n. a little bag or case for
carrying money around with one:
pit
aka, portamon
eda v. 1 to
draw together: magtikom, tumikom
2 to press into folds or wrinkles:
magkun
ot, pakunutin, ikun
ot
pus n. a thick yellowish-white uid
found in sores: n
ana
push v. 1 to move something away
by pressing against it: magt
ulak,
it
ulak 2 to press hard: dumiin, idiin,
diin
an 3 to thrust (downward):
magba
on, buma
on, pabaunin, iba
on
4 to go forward by force: sumiksik,
makipagsiksikan, gumitgit, makipaggitgitan 5 to urge, to make go
forward, to carry out: magsagaw
a,
isagaw
a,
gawin,
magtag
uyod,
itag
uyod, magpat
uloy, ipagpat
uloy,
itul
oy n. 1 the act of pushing:
t
ulak, pagt
ulak, pagtut
ulak 2 force,
power to succeed, initiative: sigl
a,
k
usa, pagkuk
usa, sig
asig 3 act of
pressing: diin, pagdiin, pagdidiin
put v. 1 to place: maglag
ay, ilag
ay,
lagy
an 2 to express: magpah
ayag,
ipah
ayag 3 to put away, to lay aside
for some time: magligpit, iligpit,
magtabi, itabi, magsais
ang-tabi,

isais
ang-tabi 4 to put in, to spend,
e.g., time: mag-
ukol, pag-uk
ulan,
i
ukol 5 to put o, to postpone:
magpaliban, ipagpaliban 6 to put
up with, to bear with patience, to
endure: magtiis, tiisin, pagtiis
an
7 to put aside: magsais
ang-tabi,
isais
ang-tabi

Q
quail n. a small game bird: p
ugo

quantity

138

quantity n. amount: d
ami adj. 1
large amount: mar
ami 2 in quantity, in large numbers or amount:
maramih
an, sa maramih
an
queen n. 1 woman ruler of a kingdom, a kings wife: reyna 2 a woman
who reigns in some sphere: reyna,
bulakl
ak
question n. 1 something that is
asked: tan
ong, katan
ungan, ang
itinatan
ong 2 a problem: suliranin,
problema v. 1 to ask in order
to get information: magtan
ong,
tanungin,
itan
ong,
mag-usisa,
usis
ain 2 to doubt: mag-alinl
angan,
pag-alinlang
anan 3 beyond question,
without doubt: wal
ang alinl
angan,
wal
ang d
uda, hindi matataw
aran 4
beside the question, o the subject:
lab
as sa pinag-uus
apan, wal
a sa
pinag-uus
apan, di pinag-uus
apan,
walang kaugn
ayan sa paks
a 5 call
in question, to challenge, object to:
tut
ulan 6 in question sometimes
means under discussion: pinaguus
apan, n
asa pagsasa
alang-
alang,
isinasa
alang-
alang
queue n. 1 a line of persons, vehicles, etc.: pila, h
anay, hilera 2 a
braid of hair: tirint
as
quick adj. 1 fast: mabilis, bigl
a
2 swift, brisk, rapid: mat
ulin,
mabilis 3 prompt, done in a short
time: madali, mabilis 4 quick in
movement, active: maliksi 5 lively:
masigl
a 6 mentally sharp: alist
o,
listo/a 7 impulsive, impatient,
hasty: pabigl
a-bigl
a, di mahin
ahon,
mainipin adv. quickly: dali,
dali-d
ali, madali
quickly adv. 1 with haste, very
soon: madali, ag
ad, kaag
ad 2
rapidly: mabilis, dal
as-dal
as
interj. quickly: dali !, dali-d
ali !
quiet adj. 1 not making any sound:
tahimik, wal
ang ingay, wal
ang
kalatis 2 peaceful: pay
apa, tahimik,
matahimik 3 meek, gentle: ma
amo,
tahimik 4 not speaking, silent:

radish
wal
ang imik, wal
ang kib
o v.
1 to make calm: magpatahimik,
patahimikin, pumay
apa, payap
ain
2 to become calm: tumahimik,
manahimik, pumay
apa, mamay
apa
n. silence, peace, stillness:
katahimikan,
pananahimik,
kapayap
aan, pamamay
apa

R
rabbit n. an edible animal like a
hare but smaller: kuneho
race n. 1 a running contest:
takb
uhan, patulin
an, karera 2 a
run: takb
o 3 races, horse races:
karera (ng mga kab
ayo) 4 people
having the same ancestry: l
ahi
5 people having the same status:
an v.
lipi 6 a contest: laban
1 to run: tumakb
o 2 to run a
race: magkarera, makipagkar
era,
magtakb
uhan,
makipagtakb
uhan
3 to make something run fast:
o
magpat
ulin, patulinin, magpatakb
(patakbuhin) nang mat
ulin 4 to
move fast: magtum
ulin
racket n. 1 a stringed bat used in
certain games like tennis: raketa
2 a loud noise: malak
as na ingay
(kaing
ayan), lingg
al 3 any dishonest or illegal means or process:
panlol
oko, panlilinl
ang, r
aket, katiwali
an 4 a dishonest or illegal means
for getting money: pangungulimb
at,
r
aket
radiator n. pipes or an apparatus
for heating: radyetor
radio n. 1 a way of sending or
receiving words, music, etc, by
electric waves without wires: r
adyo
2 the apparatus for receiving and
making audible sounds so sent:
r
adyo v. to transmit or send out
by radio: rum
adyo, ir
adyo adj. of,
having to do with, used in, or sent
by radio: sa r
adyo, panr
adyo
radish n. a small crisp root used as

rag

139

a relish: laban
os
rag n. a torn or waste piece of cloth:
bas
ahan, tr
apo adj. made of rags:
y
ari sa pir
a-piras
ong damit v. 1 to
tease: manuks
o, tuksuhin 2 to play
jokes on: magbir
o, bir
uin 3 to scold,
reprimand: kagalitan, pagsabihan
ragged adj. 1 worn or torn into rags:
sir
a-sir
a, punit-punit, gulanit, gul
a
gulanit 2 rough: magasp
ang 3 having loose shreds or bits: mahimulm
ol,
mulm
ulin 4 wearing ragged clothes:
nanlilim
ahid
railing n. 1 a fence of rails: b
akod
na rehas 2 materials for rails:
pambarandilya, panrehas 3 rails:
mga barandilya (rehas)
railway n. railroad: riles
rain n. 1 water falling in drops
from the clouds: ul
an 2 the fall of
rain: ul
an, pag-ul
an 3 light rain
or a shower: amb
on 4 light but
continuous rain: ul
ang tikatik 5 a
thick, fast fall of anything: ul
an v.
1 to fall in drops of water: umul
an
2 to send like rain: magpaul
an,
paulan
an 3 to fall like rain: pumat
ak
na p
arang ul
an, umul
an
rainbow n. a bow or arch of colors
seen in the sky: bahagh
ari, balang
aw
rainy adj. having rain, having much
rain: maul
an, ul
anin
raise v. 1 to lift up, to put up:
magta
as, ita
as, pataasin 2 to build,
to set up: magtay
o, magpatay
o,
ipagpatay
o, itay
o 3 to make higher
or larger: magpata
as, pataasin,
taas
an, ita
as, magpalaki, palakihin,
lakh
an, palakh
an 4 to make grow,
to help to grow: magtanim, itanim,
tamn
an, maghal
aman, halam
anin,
mag-al
aga, alag
aan 5 to give a
higher salary: umentuh
an 6 to
solicit contributions, money, etc.:
mangilak,
ipangilak,
mag-ipon,
ipag-ipon 7 to bring together,
to gather, to organize: magtat
ag,
itat
ag, magtipon, ipatipon 8 to lift
from the ground: bum
uhat, buh
atin,

rascal

bumuh
at, buh
atin, umang
at, angatin
n. 1 an increase in amount, price,
etc.: ang itina
as (naparagd
ag) na
halag
a 2 an increase in salary:
umento, dagd
ag na s
ahod
raisin n. a sweet dried grape: p
asas
rajah n. title of a Malayan ruler:
r
aha
ranch n. a very large farm: r
antso
range n. 1 a stove for cooking:
kal
an 2 a row: h
anay, hilera, halayh
ay 3 land for grazing: past
ulan,
mal
awak na past
ulan 4 a place
to practice shooting: panudl
aan,
puntablank
uhan, san
ayan sa pagbaril 5 distance a gun can shoot:
ab
ot, l
ayong ab
ot 6 the distance
between any limits: l
ayo, agw
at,
pagitan v. 1 to put in a row or
rows: magh
anay, ih
anay, maghilera,
ihilera, maghalayh
ay, ihalayh
ay
2 to wander, to rove, to roam:
maggal
a, gum
ala, magpag
ala-g
ala,
gum
ala-g
ala, maglib
ot, lumibot,
lib
utin, magpalibut-libot 3 to put in
line on someones side: pum
anig,
makip
anig,
panigan,
kumampi,
makikampi, kampih
an 4 to extend:
umab
ot
rape n. 1 a crime of force against
a woman or a girl: paggah
asa,
panggagah
asa,
paggahis,
panggagahis 2 a seizing and carrying
o by force: pagtat
akas, pagd
agit,
pandar
agit 3 a plundering: pagdamb
ong, pandaramb
ong v. 1 to
commit a crime of force against a
woman or girl: manggahis, gumahis,
gahisin, manggah
asa, gumah
asa,
gahas
ain 2 to seize and carry o by
force: mand
agit, dum
agit, dagitin,
magt
akas, it
akas 3 to plunder:
mandamb
ong, dambungin
rapid adj.
very
quick,
swift:
mat
ulin, mabilis n. rapids, a part
of a river where water rushes very
swiftly: p
arte ng ilog na mat
ulin ang
agos

rascal n. a bad, dishonest person:

rather

140

tampal
asan, masam
ang t
ao
rather adv. 1 more willingly: higit
pa, l
alo pa, mah
anga 2 more properly, with better reason: mab
uti pa,
higit na mab
uti (magaling) 3 rather
than, instead of: kays
a sa 4 somewhat, to some extent: medyo, maypagk
aration n. a xed allowance of food:
rasy
on v. to supply with rations:
magrasy
on, rasyun
an, irasy
on
rattan n. 1 a kind of palm with
a very long stem: uw
ay, yant
ok,
palas
an 2 rattan work (weaving) or
the part made with rattan: sulihiya
raucous adj. hoarse harsh sounding:
pa
os, piya
os, pag
aw, mal
at, magaralg
al
ray n. 1 a line or beam of light:
sinag, sil
ahis 2 something bright or
light, a gleam: sil
ahis, ban
aag 3 a
kind of broad, at sh: p
agi
razor n. a tool with a sharp blade to
shave with: lab
aha, pang-
ahit
reach v. 1 to get to, to arrive at,
to come to: dumating, sum
apit,
mas
apit, sapitin 2 to hold out in
order to be taken, to give or pass
by handing: mag-ab
ot, abut
an, iab
ot
3 to stretch, to extend: umab
ot,
makaab
ot, paabutin 4 to touch, to
put a hand on: maab
ot, makaab
ot 5
to amount to, be equal to: umab
ot,
abutin n. 1 range, power, capacity:
abot, k

aya, kakayah
an, kapasid
ad 2
the extent or distance of reaching:
abot 3 a long stretch or extent:

l
awak, kalaw
akan
read v. 1 to get the meaning of
writing or print: bum
asa, bas
ahin,
magbas
a 2 to speak out loud the
words of writing or print: magbas
a( basahin) nang malak
as 3 to
get the meaning of other things,
understand:
mal
aman,
alamin,
umun
awa, maunaw
aan, unaw
ain
4 to study: mag-
aral, pag-ar
alan 5
to give the meaning of, interpret:
magpakahulug
an, pakahulugan
an 6

receipt

to read between the lines: unaw

ain
ang ipinahihiw
atig adj. having
knowledge gained by reading,
informed: palabas
a
really adv. 1 actually, truly, in fact:
t
unay nga, toto
o nga, talag
a nga 2
indeed (used sometimes as interj):
diy
ata, siyang
a
rear n. 1 the back: lik
od 2 the hind
part: hulih
an adj. at the back,
behind: sa huli (hulih
an), panghuli,
panlik
od, sa lik
od (likur
an) v. 1 to
make grow, to bring up: magpalaki,
palakihin 2 to care for: mag-arug
a,
arugain, mag-al
aga, alag
aan 3 to
set up, to build: magtay
o, itay
o 4
to raise, to lift up: magta
as, ita
as 5
to rise on hind legs: sumint
a
reason v. 1 to think things out:
magpasiy
a, makapagpasiy
a, mangatwiran, pangatwir
anan 2 to argue:
mangatwiran, pangatwir
anan n. 1
a cause: dahil
an, sanhi 2 motive:
l
ayon, lay
unin, hang
ad, hang
arin
3 explanation: paliw
anag, katwiran
4 the power to think, the mind:
isip, pag-iisip, kaisip
an, bait 5 right
thinking, common sense: katwiran,
matwid, sentido kom
un 6 by reason
of, on account of or because of: d
ahil
sa 7 in reason, within reasonable
and sensible limits: n
asa matwid,

may katwiran
rebel n. a person who resists or
ghts against authority instead of
obeying: manghihimagsik, rebelde,
insurekto adj. defying law or
authority:
mapaghimagsik, mapanghimagsik,
nanghihimagsik,

naghihimagsik v. 1 to rebel, to
resist or ght against law or authority: maghimagsik, manghimagsik,
paghimagsik
an, magrebelde, pagrebeldeh
an 2 to feel a great dislike or
opposition: tum
utol, tut
ulan
rebellious adj. 1 defying authority,
acting like a rebel: mapanghimagsik,
mapaghimagsik, mapanl
aban 2 insolent: suwail, balawis

receive

141

receipt n. 1 a written statement

that money, a package, a letter,
etc. has been received: resibo 2
the act of receiving: pagtangg
ap
3 being received: pagkatangg
ap,
pagkakatangg
ap 4 receipts, money
received:
kuw
artang
pum
asok
(pumap
asok), salaping pum
asok
(pumap
asok) v. to write on ( a
bill, etc.) that something has been
received or paid for: magresibo,
resib
uhan
receive v. 1 to take something offered or sent: tumangg
ap, tanggapin
2 to receive with the hand or any
receptacle: sum
ahod, sah
urin, is
ahod
3 to get, to obtain, to acquire: magtam
o, matam
o, tamuhin
receiver n. 1 a person who receives:
ang
tumangg
ap
(tumatangg
ap,
tagatangg
ap) 2 a thing that receives: sisidl
an, tipun
an, pan
ahod,
pans
ahod 3 a telephone receiver:
awditibo
recent adj. 1 done or made not
long ago: b
ago, kamakail
an l
amang,
di pa natatagal
an, sariwa pa 2 not
long past: hindi pa natatagal
an,
hindi pa nagtatag
al 3 modern:
b
ago, makab
ago
recite v. 1 to say over, to repeat:
bumigk
as, bigkasin 2 to say part of
a lesson, to answer a teachers question: sumag
ot, masag
ot, sagutin,
makasag
ot 3 to give an account of
in detail: magsalays
ay, isalays
ay,
magkuwento, ikuwento, magbida,
ibida
recline v. to lean back, to lie down:
humilig, ihilig, sumand
al, isand
al,
sumandig, isandig
recommendation n. 1 anything
that recommends a person or
thing: rekomendasy
on, tagubilin 2
words of advice or praise: tagubilin,
p
ayo, pap
uri 3 a recommending:
pagrerekomend
a, pagtatagubilin
recompense v. 1 to reward:
maggantimp
ala,
gantimpal
aan,

red

magpab
uya, pabuy
aan 2 to repay,
to pay: magb
ayad, bay
aran 3 to
make a fair return for anything
lost, damage done, hurt received,
etc., to recompensate: magb
ayad,
bay
aran, pagbay
aran, makin
abang,
pakinab
angan n. 1 a payment:
b
ayad, kabayar
an, u
pa, kaup
ahan
2 a compensation: gantimp
ala,
b
ayad-p
agal 3 a reward: pab
uya,
gantimp
ala
record v. to record, to set down in
writing so as to keep for future use:
magtal
a, maglist
a n. 1 record, a
thing written or kept: tal
a, tal
aan 2
an ocial account: u
lat, kasul
atan,
rekord 3 a disk used on a phonograph: pl
aka 4 the known facts
about what a person, animal, ship,
etc., has done: rekord, kasays
ayan
5 the best yet done: rekord 6 to
break a record, to make a better
record: tum
alo sa pinakamah
usay,
sumira sa d
ating rekord adj.
making a record: pinakamah
usay,
pinakamagaling
recorder n. a person whose business
is to make and keep records: tagapagtal
a, tagatal
a
recreation n. 1 play, amusement:
aliwan, lib
angan, dibersiy
on 2 playing, taking amusement: pag-aaliw,
paglilib
ang
rectangle n. a four-sided gure with
four right angles: rekt
anggulo
rectangular adj.
shaped
like
a
rectangle:
h
ugis-rekt
anggulo,
h
ugis-parihab
a
rector n. a priest in the Roman
Catholic Church who is in charge of
a religious house: rekt
or
red n. 1 the color of blood or of the
lips: pul
a 2 an anarchist: anarkista,
pulah
an 3 the communists, anarchists, etc.: mga komunista
(anarkista), mga pulah
an adj. 1
having the color of blood : pul
a,
mapul
a 2 being like or suggesting
the color of blood: namumul
a,

redeem

142

mapul
a, pulah
an
redeem v. 1 to pay o, to buy back:
tumub
os, matub
os, tubusin 2 to fulll, to carry out: tumup
ad, tuparin,
tupdin 3 to set free: magpal
aya,
palay
ain, tumub
os, tubusin 4 to
rescue, to save: hum
ango, hang
uin,
magligt
as, iligt
as, mag-ady
a, iady
a,
tumub
os, tubusin, sum
akop, sak
upin
reduction n. 1 a reducing or being
reduced: pagbab
awas, pagkakab
awas,
pagpapabab
a, pagpapaliit 2 the
amount by which a thing is reduced:
b
awas, kabawas
an
reef n. a narrow ridge of rocks or
sand at or near the surface of the
water: batuh
an, bah
ura
rened adj. 1 free from impurities:
malinis at pino, repin
ado, dalisay 2
free from coarseness, vulgarity, etc.,
well-bred: pino, mabini, mahinhin,
disente
refrigerator n. something that
keeps things cool: repridyeretor,
p
alamigan, pridyeder
refuse (1) v. 1 to say no: magpahindi, pahindi
an, humindi 2
to say no to: tumanggi, tanggih
an, umay
aw, ayaw
an, magkait,
pagkait
an, ikait, ipagkait 3 to say
one will not do it, give it, etc.:
umay
aw, um
ayaw, ayaw
an
refuse (2) n. useless stu, waste,
rubbish: bas
ura, dumi, yagit
regular adj. 1 habitual, steady:
palagian, pan
ayan, pirmihan, pa
natilihan 2 xed by custom or rule:
pinagkaugalian 3 orderly, methodical: ma
ayos 4 well-balanced, even
in size, spacing, speed, etc.: ma
ayos,
regul
ar 5 usual, normal, ordinary:
karaniwan, kain
aman, katamt
aman
rehearse v. 1 to practise for a
public performance: mag-ins
ayo,
insay
uhin, mags
anay, san
ayin 2 to
repeat: um
ulit, ulitin
rein n. 1 a long narrow strap or line
fastened to a bridle, by which to
guide and control an animal: renda

remember

2 a means of control and direction:

kapangyarihan, pamamah
ala v.
to guide and control: rumenda,
rendah
an
reinforce/re-enforce v.
1
to
strengthen with new force or materials: magpalak
as, palakasin, magpatibay, patib
ayin 2 to strengthen:
magpalak
as, palakasin, magpatibay,
patib
ayin
relate v. 1 to tell, to give account of: magsalays
ay, isalays
ay,
magkuwento, ikuwento 2 to be
connected in any way: makaugn
ay,
magkaugn
ay, ma
ukol, matungk
ol,
may kinal
aman, may kaugn
ayan
3 to be related, sometimes means
to belong to the same family:
magkamag-
anak, kamag-
anak
relation n. 1 a connection in
thought or meaning: kaugn
ayan,
pagkakaugn
ay, kinal
aman 2 connection between persons, groups,
countries, etc.: relasy
on, kaugn
ayan,
pakikipag-ugn
ayan 3 reference, regard: kaukul
an, kinal
aman 4 father,
brother, aunt, nephew, cousin, etc.:
kamag-
anak, relasy
on, mag-kam
aganak 5 act of telling, account:

pagsasalays
ay, pagkukuwento
religion n. 1 belief in God or gods:
relihiy
on 2 a particular system
of faith and worship: pananampalat
aya, relihiy
on
relish n. 1 a good avor, pleasant
taste: linamn
am, sar
ap, kasar
apan 2
liking, appetite: g
ana, pagkakag
ana,
gust
o, pagkakagust
o 3 something
to add avor to food: pampal
asa,
pampasar
ap v. to like the taste of:
magkagust
o, magustuh
an, maibigan
remedy n. a cure, a means of removing or relieving diseases or any bad
condition: l
unas, panl
unas, remedyo,
panremedyo, pangremedyo, gam
ot,
panggam
ot v. to cure, to put
right, to make right: lun
asan, magremedyo, remedyuh
an, gumam
ot,
gamutin

remembrance

143

remember v. 1 to call back to

mind: matanda
an, tanda
an 2 to
keep in mind, to take care not
to forget: alalah
anin, isa-ala
ala,
isaisip, isipin, isagunit
a, gunitain,
tanda
an 3 to have something return
to the mind: magunit
a, maala
ala,
matanda
an 4 to keep in mind
as deserving a reward, gift, etc.:
maala
ala, alalah
anin 5 to mention
as sending greetings: magpakumust
a,
ipakumust
a, ikumust
a
remembrance n. 1 memory: gunit
a, ala
ala 2 a keepsake, any thing
or action that makes one remember
a person: ala
ala 3 remembrances,
greetings: b
ati, pagb
ati
reminder n. something to help
one remember: paala
ala, tagapagpaala
ala, pagunit
a, tagapagpagunit
a
remnant n. the small part left (esp.
of cloth): ret
aso, pinagtab
asan
remove v. 1 to take away: mag-alis,
ialis, alisin, alis
an 2 to take o:
mag-alis, alisin, magtangg
al, tanggalin, maghub
ad, hubarin, magp
ugay
3 to remove from a position: matiwal
ag, itiwal
ag 4 to get rid of, to
put an end to: pum
awi, pawiin,
mag-alis, alisin 5 to go away: umalis
rend v. 1 to tear apart as a garment
or paper: pum
unit, punitin 2 to pull
apart violently: lumas
og, lasugin,
gumut
ay, gutayin 3 to rip, to break:
pumigt
as, pigtasin, sumira, sir
ain 4
to split: sumip
ak, sipakin, buma
ak,
baakin 5 to disturb violently: lumig
alig, ligaligin, gumul
o, guluhin,

gumiy
agis, giyagisin
renounce v. 1 to give up, to give
up entirely: tumalik
od, talikur
an,
talikd
an, tumiwal
ag, tiwalag
an 2 to
cast o, to refuse to recognize as
ones own: magtakwil, itakwil
rent (1) v. 1 to pay for the use
of property: umarkil
a, arkilahin,
um
upa, up
ahan 2 to take pay for
the use of property: magpa
upa,

repudiate

paup
ahan, magpaarkil
a, ipaarkil
a
3 to be rented: mapaup
ahan,
maipaarkil
a n. a regular payment
for the use of property: u
pa, b
ayad,
renta, arkil
a
rent (2) n. a tear, a torn place:
p
unit, sira, pilas
repay v. 1 to pay back: magb
ayad,
bay
aran 2 to make a return for: gumanti, gantihin
replace v. 1 to ll or take the
place of: humalili, halinh
an, ihalili,
pumalit, palit
an, ipalit 2 to get
another in place of: magpalit, palit
an
3 to put back, to put in place again:
magbalik, ibalik, magsa
uli, isa
uli
reply n. an answer: sag
ot, tug
on
v. to answer: sumag
ot, sagutin, tumug
on, tugunin
report v. 1 to give or bring an
account of, state formally: mag-
ulat,
i
ulat 2 to denounce: magsumb
ong,
isumb
ong 3 to present oneself:
h
umarap, magpakita, pakita n. 1
an account of something seen, heard,
or read about: balit
a 2 anything
formally expressed, generally in
writing: u
lat, rep
ort
representative n. 1 a person
appointed to act or speak for others:
kinataw
an, represent
ante, s
ugo
2 an example, type: halimb
awa,
u
ri adj. 1 having its citizens
represented by chosen persons:
kinakataw
an ng mga piniling (hal
al
na) t
ao 2 suciently like all those
of its kind to stand for all the
rest: kumakataw
an 3 representing:
nagpapakil
ala
repress v. 1 to prevent from acting, to check: pumigil, pigilin,
sumans
ala, sansal
ain 2 to subdue,
to put down, to curb: sum
upil,
mas
upil, supilin, lum
upig, lupigin,
sumugp
o, masugp
o, sugpuin
repudiate v. 1 to disown, to cast
o: magtakwil, itakwil 2 to refuse to
acknowledge or admit: magtatuw
a,
magtatw
a, itatuw
a, itatw
a, tu-

reputation

144

manggi, tanggih
an 3 to refuse to
accept, to reject: umay
aw, ayaw
an,
tumanggi, tanggih
an
reputation n. 1 what people think
and say the character of a person
or thing is, character in the opinion
of others: pang
alan, reputasy
on 2 a
good name, good reputation: p
uri,
kapurih
an,
dang
al,
karang
alan,
mab
uting pang
alan (reputasy
on)
3 fame: kabant
ugan, kabantug
an,
katanyag
an
request v. to ask, to ask for, to
ask as a favor: maki
usap, ipaki
usap,
pakius
apan n. 1 act of asking:
pakiki
usap, pamamanhik, paghingi,

paghiling 2 what is asked for: hiling,

kahilingan, paki
usap, pithay
a, pamanhik 3 the state of being desired
or sought after: ang nahihiling, ang
napipita, ang napipith
aya
research n. a careful hunting for
facts or truth, inquiry, investigation: pagsaliksik, pananaliksik
v. to make a research: manaliksik,
mags
uri, magsiy
asat
resentment n. the feeling that one
has at being injured or insulted,
indignation: g
alit, pagkag
alit, po
ot,
pagkapo
ot, pagdaramd
am, hinanakit,
paghihinanakit, sam
a ng lo
ob
reserve v. to keep back, hold
back, set apart, save for use later:
magla
an, magpala
an, paglaan
an,
ila
an, laan
an, magreserba, magpareserba,
ipagreserba,
ireserba
n. 1 something kept back for
future use, store: reserba, p
ondo,
la
an, panla
an, patag
ana 2 keeping
back, holding back, setting apart:
paglala
an, pagtat
ago, paghihiwal
ay,
pagtata
an 3 a silent manner that
keeps people from making friends
easily: kawal
ang-imik, kawal
angkib
o, pagkamahiy
ain, katahimikan
4 self-restraint in speech or action:
katimpi
an, pagkamatimpi 5 a body
of troops held back to meet possible emergencies/ demands: mga

rest

sund
along panla
an, mga reserba
reserved adj. 1 kept in reserve:
nakata
an, nakala
an, nakareserba,
reserb
ado, may pinaglalaan
an 2 disposed to keep to ones self: malihim,
wal
ang kib
o, mahiy
ain, mapagis
a, mapagsarili 3 self-restrained
in action or speech: matimpi,
matimpiin, tahimik, hindi palaimik,
di-palakib
o
reside v. to dwell, to live in or at for
a long time: manir
a, manir
ahan, tumir
a, tirah
an
resident n. a person living in a
place, not a visitor: ang naninir
ahan,
mamamay
an

adj.
staying,
dwelling in a place: nakatir
a,
naninir
ahan
residue n. 1 a remainder, what remains after a part is taken: ang natitir
a, ang labi (nalalabi) 2 residue in
a liquid: l
atak
respect n. 1 honor, esteem: g
alang,
pagg
alang, pit
agan, pagpipit
agan,
pamimit
agan, pakund
angan, pagpapakund
angan 2 care, consideration:
alang-

alang, pag-a
alang-
alang

v. 1 to feel or show honor or

esteem for: gum
alang, ig
alang, magpit
agan, respet
uhin, rumespet
o 2 to
care for, to show consideration for:
gum
alang, ig
alang, mag-
alang-
alang,
magpahalag
a, pahalagah
an
respectful adj. showing respect,
polite:
mag
alang,
magalangin,
mapit
agan
response n. 1 an answer by word or
act: sag
ot 2 the act of answering:
pagsag
ot, pagtug
on
responsible adj. 1 obliged or
expected to account for: may
pananag
utan, nananag
ot 2 trustworthy, reliable: mapagkakatiwal
aan
3 deserving credit or blame: may
kagagaw
an
rest n. 1 a sleep: t
ulog, pagt
ulog
2 quiet, freedom from anything
that tires, troubles, disturbs, or
pains:
ginh
awa,
kaginhaw
ahan,

restaurant

145

katiwasay
an 3 the absence of
motion, stillness: katahimikan 4
ease after work or eort: pahing
a,
pamamahing
a, pagpapahing
a 5 a
support: patung
an 6 what is left,
remaining: ang natir
a, ang ib
a
v. 1 to take a rest: magpahing
a,
mamahing
a 2 to lean: sumand
al,
isand
al, sumandig, isandig 3 depend: masal
alay, isal
alay 4 to let
rest: patigilin 5 to be at rest, to be
dead: namamayap
a na 6 to lie in
the grave: n
asa libingan
restaurant n. a place to buy and
eat a meal: resta
uran, restaur
an,
karihan, karinderiy
a
restless adj. 1 unable to rest,
uneasy: balis
a, di mapakali, di
mapalag
ay 2 without rest or sleep,
not restful: wal
ang t
ulog 3 never
still or quiet: malik
ot, wal
ang tigil,
galawg
aw
retain v. 1 to keep in possession:
magpanatili,
panatilihin,
papa
natilihin, mapanatili, magpamal
agi,
pamalagiin, papamalagiin, mapamal
agi 2 to keep in mind, to
remember: tanda
an, matanda
an,
itanim sa isip
return v. 1 to bring back, to give
back, to send back, to put back, to
pay back: magbalik, ibalik, magsa
uli,
isa
uli 2 to give or send in return:
gumanti, gantihin 3 to go back, to
come back: magbalik, bumalik 4 to
return home: umuwi n. 1 a going
back home: pag-uwi 2 a going back,
a coming back: pagbalik, pagbabalik 3
prot, gain: pakin
abang, t
ubo
reverence n. a feeling of deep
respect mixed with wonder, fear,
and
love:
g
alang,
pagg
alang,
pit
agan, pagpipit
agan, pamimit
agan,
pakund
angan,
pagpapakund
angan
v. to revere, to regard with
reverence:
gum
alang,
ig
alang,
magpit
agan, magpakund
angan
reversal n. 1 a change to the
opposite, reversing: pagbaligt
ad,

reward

pagtumbalik, pagsaliw
a 2 a being
reversed: pagkabaligt
ad, pagkatumbalik, pagkasaliw
a
reverse n. 1 the opposite or
contrary: kabaligtar
an, kabalik
an,
kasaliwa
an, katumbalik
an 2 the
other side: kabil
a 3 a change to bad
fortune, check or defeat: pagkabig
o,
kabig
uan, m
alas, kamal
asan v. 1
to turn upside down: bumaligt
ad,
baligtarin, ibaligt
ad 2 to turn the
other way: magb
aling, ib
aling,
magp
aling,
papalingin,
ip
aling,
bumiling, ibiling 3 to change to
the opposite, to repeal: sumaliw
a,
saliwain, bumaligt
ad, baligtarin,
salungatin adj. 1 turned backward: baligt
ad, pabaligt
ad, tumbalik,
patumbalik 2 contrary in position
or direction: saliw
a, pasaliw
a 3
turned upside down: tiwarik, patiwarik 4 against or opposite: l
aban,
salung
at
review v. 1 to study again, to look
at again: magrep
aso, repas
uhin,
mag-
aral na muli, pag-ar
alang
muli, magbalik-
aral 2 to look back
on: gunitain, alalah
anin 3 to look
at again with care, to examine
again: mags
uring (suriing) muli
4 to inspect formally: magsiy
asat,
siyas
atin, mags
uri, suriin n. 1
studying again: rep
aso, pagrerep
aso,
pagbabalik-
aral, muling pag-a
aral
2 an examination, inspection:
pagsisiy
asat, pagsus
uri 3 a looking
back on: paggunit
a, pag-ala
ala
revolution n. 1 a complete change
in government: rebolusy
on 2 a turning around: ikot, pag-ikot, ikit, pagikit
revolve v. 1 to move in a circle,
move in a curve round a point:
lumigid, pumaligid, umikot 2 to
turn around: umikot, paik
utin,
umikit, paikitin
revolver n. a pistol that can be
red several times without loading
it again: reb
olber, baril

rheumatism

146

reward n. 1 a return made for

something done: ganti, gantimp
ala
2 money payment given or oered:
gantimp
alang salapi, gantimp
ala,
pab
uya v. to give a reward
to: gumanti, gantih
an, magkalo
ob
ng
gantimp
ala,
gantimpal
aan,
magpab
uya, pabuy
aan
rheumatism n. a disease with
inammation, swelling, and stiness
of the joints: ray
uma
rhythm n. a movement with a regular repetition of a beat, accent, rise
and fall or the like: ritmo, ind
ayog
rib n. one of the curved bones extending round the chest: tady
ang
ribbon n. a strip or band of silk,
satin, velvet, etc.: l
aso, ribon
rice n. 1 the unhusked seed or grain
of a plant grown in a warm climate:
p
alay 2 the plant itself: p
alay 3 the
husked grain: big
as 4 the cooked
grains: k
anin 5 burnt rice at the
bottom of the pot: tut
ong 6 the
grains cooked with much water (rice
porridge): l
ugaw, nil
ugaw 7 a sticky
variety of rice: malagkit 8 fried rice:
sinang
ag 9 the broken grains of the
husked rice: binlid 10 rice bran:
dar
ak 11 rice husk: ip
a
rich adj. 1 having much money,
land, etc.: may
aman, makuwalt
a,
mariwas
a, map
era 2 abounding,
well-supplied: masag
ana, sag
ana
3 fertile, producing much: matab
a,
may
aman 4 valuable, worthy: mahalag
a 5 costly, elegant: mamah
alin,
eleg
ante 6 containing plenty of
nutrients: masust
ansiya 7 deep,
full: matingk
ad, maringal n. the
rich people: ang mayay
aman, ang
masasalapi
ride v. 1 to sit on something and
make it go: sumak
ay, saky
an 2
to be carried along: magsak
ay,
sumak
ay 3 to take for a ride:
mag-angk
as, iangk
as, magsak
ay,
isak
ay n. a trip on horseback,
in an automobile, on a train,

rinse

etc.: sak
ay, pagsak
ay, pagsasak
ay,
pangangab
ayo, pagtetren
rie n. a gun with spiral grooves in
its barrel which spin or twists the
bullet as it is shot: riple, baril v.
1 to search and rob: maghalungk
at
at magn
akaw 2 to steal: magn
akaw,
nak
awin 3 strip bare: sumaid, sairin
right adj. 1 good, just, lawful:
ama, wast
o, tump
ak 2
matwid, t
correct, true: t
ama, toto
o, tump
ak,
wast
o 3 tting, suitable, proper:
d
apat, narar
apat, kar
apat-d
apat,
t
ama, wast
o, angk
op, naaangk
op,
tump
ak, b
agay, nabab
agay 4 going
right: pak
anan, k
anan, pam
ano,
m
ano n. 1 that which is right,
just, good, true: katwiran, katumpak
an, mab
uti, matwid 2 a
just claim, something that is due
to a person: karapat
an 3 justice:
katar
ungan 4 the right-hand side:
k
anan adv. 1 in a way that is
good, just, or lawful: t
ama, wast
o,
tump
ak 2 to the right hand: pak
anan
v. 1 to make correct, to set right:
magwast
o, iwast
o, magtump
ak,
itump
ak 2 a right of way is the
right to pass over anothers land:
karapat
ang duma
an
ring n. 1 a circle: bil
og 2 any
thin circle of metal: singsing 3 an
enclosed space for a boxing bout:
ruweda, ring 4 sound of a bell:
tun
og, tugt
og, kuliling, kililing 5
a ringing sound as of coins, glass,
etc.: kalansing, taginting v. 1
to have a ringing sound (intrans.
v.): tumugt
og, tumun
og, kumililing,

kumuliling, kumiriring 2 to ring

a church bell: tumugt
og, tugtugin,
kumamp
ana, kampan
ain 3 to echo,
give back sound: umalingawng
aw 4
to hear inner sounds: hum
ugong
rinse v. 1 to wash with clean water:
magbanl
aw, banlaw
an 2 to wash
lightly (esp the mouth): magm
umog,
mum
ugan n. 1 a rinsing: banl
aw,
pagbabanl
aw 2 a rinsing of the

riot

147

mouth: m
umog, pagmum
umog
riot n. a disturbance, confusion, disorder, a wild, violent public disturbance: gul
o, kagul
uhan, pagkakagul
o
v. 1 to behave in a disorderly way:
maggul
o 2 to run riot, to act without
restraint: manggul
o
rip v. 1 to cut roughly, tear apart,
tear o: pum
unit, punitin, pumilas,
pil
asin, lumasl
as, laslasin 2 to be
torn or rent: map
unit, masira 3 to
cut or pull out the threads in the
seams of a garment by opening the
seams: magtast
as, tastasin n. 1
a torn place: p
unit, sira 2 a seam
burst in a garment: tast
as
ripe adj. 1 full grown and ready
to be gathered and eaten: hin
og,
mag
ulang 2 ready: hand
a, nakahand
a 3 almost ripe: manibal
ang
rise v. 1 to go up, come up:
magpaita
as, tuma
as, pumaita
as,
pumailangl
ang 2 to go higher, to
increase: tuma
as, lumaki, lumak
as,
maragdag
an 3 to come above
the horizon: sumikat 4 to start,
begin:
magsimul
a,
magmul
a,
magb
uhat 5 to revolt, to rebel:
maghimagsik,
paghimagsik
an,
magb
angon, bum
angon, mag-als
a,
pag-alsah
an 6 to give rise to, to
start, to begin, to cause, to bring
about: maging dahil
an (sanhi), pagmul
an, panggalingan, pagsimul
an,
lumikh
a
risk n. the change of harm or loss,
danger: pang
anib, peligro v. to
expose to the chance of harm or
loss: isapang
anib, magsapalar
an,
ipagsapalar
an, magbakasak
ali
river n. a large stream of water: ilog
road n. 1 a way between places:
da
an, lans
angan, k
alye, kars
ada 2 a
way: da
an, land
as
roast v. 1 to cook on coals, to broil:
mag-ihaw, iihaw, maglits
on, litsunin
2 to bake: maghurn
o, ihurn
o
adj. roasted: inihaw, lits
on, binus
a,
sinang
ag n. a piece of roasted

root

meat: inihaw na karne, t

apa
robber n. a thief: magnan
akaw,
manlolo
ob, manlol
oob
robe n. a long, loose, outer garment:
b
ata v. to put a robe on: magb
ata
, magsu
ot ng b
ata, isu
ot ang b
ata
rocket n. a rework that shoots up
high in the air and bursts into a
shower of sparks or stars: kuwitis
v. to go like a rocket: pumailangl
ang,
sumib
ad paita
as
rocks n. a large mass of stone: mga
o
malalaking bat
roll v. 1 to move or cause to move
along by turning over and over:
magpag
ulong, gum
ulong, pagul
ungin
2 to roll around, as a rope, wire,
etc.: magbilibid, ibilibid, bilibiran 3
to roll up, e.g., the sleeves, trousers,
or skirts: maglilis, ililis 4 to make a
deep, loud sound: dumagund
ong
n. 1 anything rolled up: balumb
on,
r
olyo 2 a list of names, list: tal
aan,
list
ahan 3 moving along by turning
over and over: g
ulong, pagg
ulong 4
a small roll, pack or bundle: bilot,
balumb
on
roller skate n.
pang-isketing,
isketing
romance n. 1 a love aair: rom
ansa,
pag-iibig
an, pagmamah
alan 2 a
love story: kuwento ng rom
ansa,
kuwento ng pag-iibig
an 3 a story
or poem telling of heroes: rom
ansa,
kasays
ayan ng kabayanihan
romantic adj. appealing to fancy
and the imagination: rom
antiko/a
roof n. the top covering of a building: bub
ong, bubung
an v. to cover
with a roof, to form a roof over: magatip, atip
an, magbub
ong, bubung
an
room n. 1 a part of a house or other
building with wall of its own: silid,
kuw
arto 2 space: lug
ar, puw
esto,
puw
ang 3 rooms, lodgings: tulug
an,
tir
ahan
rooster n. a male domestic fowl:
tand
ang, t
atyaw, k
atyaw, sasabungin
root n. 1 the part of a plant that

rope

148

grows in the soil: ug

at 2 a cause,
source: pinanggalingan, pinanggagalingan, simul
a, sanhi, dahil
an
3 the word from which others are
derived: salit
ang-ug
at v. 1 to become xed in the ground, send out
roots and begin to grow: mag-ug
at,
magkaug
at 2 to pull, tear, or dig
up or out by the roots: bum
unot,
bun
utin 3 to get completely rid of:
lumipol, lip
ulin 4 to cheer (slang):
kumantiy
aw, mangantiy
aw, kantiyaw
an 5 to take root means (a) to
send out roots and begin to grow:
mag-ug
at, magkaug
at (b) to become
rmly xed: pumirme, mamirme,
lum
agi, mamal
agi
rope n. a strong, thick line or cord
made by twisting smaller cords
together: l
ubid v. 1 to tie, to
fasten, or to bind with a rope:
gum
apos, gap
usin, ig
apos, magt
ali,
talian, it
ali (ng l
ubid) 2 to catch
with a lasso: sumilo, sil
uin
rosary n. 1 a series of prayers:
ros
ario, ros
aryo 2 a string of beads
for keeping count in saying the
prayers: ros
aryo, das
alang-kuwint
as,
kuwint
as 3 to say the rosary:
magros
aryo, magdas
al ng ros
aryo
rose n. a ower that grows on a
bush with thorny stems: r
osas
adj. pinkish-red: k
ulay-r
osas
rosy adj.
1
bright,
cheerful:
maliw
anag,
magand
a,
masigl
a,
masay
a 2 like a rose: p
arang r
osas
3 rose-red, pinkish-red: malar
osas,
k
ulay-r
osas, namumul
a-mul
a
rotate v. 1 to move or cause to move
around a center or axis, to turn in a
circle, to revolve: umikot, magpaikot,
paik
utin, umikit, magpaikit, paikitin,
uminog, magpainog, pain
ugin 2 to
take turns: paghali-halilihin
rough adj. 1 not smooth, not
level: bak
u-bak
o 2 stormy: ma
alon,
magul
o, masam
a, mabagy
o 3 rough
or coarse to the touch: magasp
ang,
maligasg
as 4 indecent: masagw
a,

rubber

malasw
a 5 harsh, rude, not gentle,
likely to hurt others: magasl
aw,
bast
os 6 without luxury and ease:
mahirap
roulette n. a gambling game in
which people bet on the turn of a
wheel: ruleta
round adj. 1 shaped like a ball:
bil
og, mabilog, h
ugis-b
ola, p
arang
b
ola 2 shaped like a ring or circle:
h
ugis-singsing 3 shaped like a tube:
h
ugis-t
ubo 4 full, complete: bu
o,
hust
o, kompleto adv. 1 through
a round of time: sa bu
ong ta
on 2
in all directions from, to all parts
of: palibut-libot, sa lah
at ng p
anig
(d
ako) n. 1 circumference, the
distance around: bilog, kabil
ugan 2
a series: pagkakasun
ud-sun
od 3 a
xed course ending where it begins:
paglibot, paglilib
ot 4 a movement in
a circle: ikit, pag-ikit, ikot, pag-ikot
5 a section of a game: raun 6 the distance between limits, range: sakl
aw
7 bullets, etc., for one simultaneous
discharge of guns: r
olyo ng b
ala v.
1 to make round: magbilog, bil
ugin
2 to become round: maging bil
og 3
to go around: umikot, lumigid 4 to
make rounds: maglib
ot, magbisita
rouse v. 1 to cause to wake up, stir
up: gumising, gisingin, pum
ukaw,
puk
awin 2 to excite: gum
ulat,
gul
atin, bumul
abog, bulab
ugin
rove v. to wander, to roam: maggal
a, gum
ala, magpag
ala-g
ala,
gum
ala-g
ala, maglib
ot, lumibot,
maglagal
ag
row n. 1 a line: h
anay, hilera, pila 2
a hard row to hoe, a dicult thing
to do: mahirap na gaw
ain
rowdy n. a rough disorderly person: tarant
adong t
ao, magul
ong
t
ao, basagulero adj. 1 rough,
disorderly: malig
alig, magul
o, magasl
aw, magasp
ang 2 very noisy:
napakaingay
rubber n. 1 an elastic substance
made from the juice of various trop-

ruby

149

ical plants: g
oma 2 eraser made of
rubber: pambur
a, g
omang pambur
a
adj. 1 made of rubber: y
ari sa
g
oma, g
oma 2 rubber band: l
astiko
ruby n. a precious stone, red in
color: rubi adj. red: pul
a, mapul
a
rude adj. 1 impolite, not courteous:
bast
os, b
astos, wal
ang g
alang 2
coarse, rough, without nish or
polish: magasp
ang, hindi pino 3
violent: marah
as
rug n. 1 a heavy oor covering:
alp
ombra 2 a thick, warm cloth used
as a covering: rag
ruin n. 1 a building, wall, etc.,
that has fallen to pieces: g
uho 2
destruction, very great damage,
overthrow:
was
ak,
pagkaw
asak,
malaking pins
ala (kasira
an) 3
a fallen or decayed condition:
pagkag
upo, pagkaw
asak v. to
destroy, spoil, to bring to ruin:
sumira, sir
ain, magw
asak, was
akin,
iw
asak, iguh
o, magguh
o
ruler n. 1 a person who rules:
p
uno, pin
uno 2 a king: h
ari 3
a queen: reyna 4 a straight edge:
r
uler, reglad
or, panr
aya
ruling n. a decision of a judge or
court: disisy
on, pasiy
a, kapasiyah
an,
h
atol adj. controlling, chief:
pinakap
uno,
namum
uno,
may
kapangyarihan, n
asa kapangyarihan,
nakapangyay
ari
rump n. the hind part of the body
of an animal, where the legs join the
back: puwit
an, pigi
run v. 1 to move the legs quickly,
go faster than walking: tumakb
o
2 to ow: um
agos 3 to be a
candidate for election: magkandid
ato, kumandid
ato 4 to make
run: magpatakb
o, patakbuhin 5 to
manage: mamah
ala, pamahal
aan,
magpal
akad, palak
arin 6 to make
go: magpal
akad, palak
arin n. 1 a
course, direction, trend: takb
o, l
akad
2 a place where stitches have slipped
out or become undone: tast
as, kal
as

sack (1)

3 act of running: takb

o, pagtakb
o
4 a series of performances: lab
as,
palab
as,
pagpapalab
as,
tangh
al,
pagtatangh
al 5 a trip: lakb
ay,
paglalakb
ay, biy
ahe, pagbibiy
ahe
6 to run across, to meet by
chance: magkatagp
o, makatagp
o,
matagpu
an 7 to run after: hum
abol,
hab
ulin, hum
agad, hag
arin 8 to
run aground: sumads
ad, masads
ad,
isads
ad 9 to run away, esp. with a
lover, elope: magt
anan, tum
anan 10
to run away from: tum
akas 11 to
run down means (a) stop going or
working: humint
o (b) to chase till
caught: hab
ulin hangg
ang sa mah
uli
12 to run into means (a) to meet by
chance: magkatagp
o, makatagp
o,
matagpu
an (b) to crash into, to
collide: mabangg
a, mabungg
o 13
to run out of, to use up, to have no
more: maub
usan, ma
ubos na lah
at,
mag
amit na lah
at 14 to run over
means (a) to ride or drive over:
manag
asa, sumag
asa, sagas
ain,
sagas
aan (b) to overow: um
apaw
(c) to go through quickly: para
anan
runway n. a way or path over which
something runs: patakb
uhan, daan
an
rupture n. 1 a break , bursting:
pagkalag
ot, pagkapatid, pagput
ok,
pagkasira 2 a breaking of friendly
relations: pagkakasira, alitan 3
hernia: lusl
os v. to break or burst:
masira, pumut
ok, mapatid, malag
ot
ruthlessness n. a want of pity,
cruelty: kawal
ang-hab
ag, kawal
angawa, kalupit

an

S
sack (1) n. 1 a large bag made of
coarse cloth: s
ako, kost
al, langg
otse
2 such a bag with what is in it:
s
ako v. 1 to put into a sack:
mags
ako, is
ako, maglag
ay (ilag
ay)
sa s
ako 2 to discharge from employment (slang): itiwal
ag sa trab
aho

sack (2)

150

(tungk
ulin), italsik sa trab
aho
sack (2) v. to plunder, pillage: mandamb
ong, dambungin n. plundering: pandaramb
ong
sacred adj. 1 belonging to God,
holy: ng (
ukol sa) Diy
os, ban
al,
sagr
ado 2 worthy of reverence:
kar
apat-d
apat ig
alang, kag
alangg
alang
sad adj. 1 sorrowful or depressed
in spirit, unhappy: malungk
ot,
nalulungk
ot, malumb
ay, nalulumb
ay
2 causing sorrow: nakalulungk
ot,
nakalulumb
ay 3 sad in the sense
of melancholic,
solitary, etc.:
mapangl
aw, malungk
ot
saddle n. a seat for a rider on a
horses back, on a bicyle, etc.: siy
a,
upu
an, up
uan, sintadera v. 1 to
put a saddle on: magsiy
a, siyah
an,
lagy
an ng siy
a 2 to burden, to cause
to carry a burden: magpapas
an, papagpasanin 3 to be saddled with, to
be burdened: mabigat
an, mahir
apan
sadness n. sorrow, grief: lungk
ot,
kalungk
utan,
lumb
ay,
pangl
aw,
kapanglaw
an, pamamangl
aw, h
apis,
kahapis
an, pagkah
apis
safe adj. 1 free from harm or danger:
ligt
as 2 not causing harm or danger: wal
ang peligro, hindi delik
ado,
wal
ang pang
anib, matibay 3 careful:
maingat n. a container for keeping
things safe: k
aha, k
ahang b
akal, k
aha
de yero
safeguard v. to keep safe, to protect, to guard against: magligt
as,
iligt
as, mag-ady
a, iady
a, magsanggal
ang, ipagsanggal
ang, mangal
aga,
pangalag
aan n. a protection, defense: pansanggal
ang, pananggal
ang,
panangg
ol
safety n. a being safe, freedom
from harm or danger: kaligt
asan,
pagkaligt
as adj. bringing no harm
or danger: di makapipins
ala, wal
ang
peligro, wal
ang pang
anib
sag v. 1 to droop, hand down
unevenly: lumayl
ay, lumuyl
oy 2 to

same

sink under pressure or weight, bend

down in the middle: lumund
o 3 to
become less rm, to sink: lumub
og,
manghina, manaml
ay
sage n. a wise man: pant
as, pah
am
adj. 1 learned or wise: mar
unong,
matalino 2 wise-looking: mukh
ang
mar
unong (matalino)
sail n. a piece of cloth spread to the
wind to make a ship move through
the water: l
ayag v. to travel on a
boat: maglay
ag, lum
ayag
sailboat n. 1 a boat that is moved
by sails: bangk
ang (bark
ong) may
l
ayag 2 small, swift boat moved by
sails: binta 3 a kind of big native
sailboat: par
aw
sailor n. a person whose work is sailing: magdarag
at, marinero
saint n. 1 a person who has gone
to heaven, one declared a saint
by the Catholic Church: s
anto/a
2 a very holy person: t
aong ban
al
(napakaban
al)
saintly adj. 1 like a saint: p
arang
s
anto (s
anta) 2 very holy: napakaban
al, lubh
ang ban
al
salad n. raw green vegetables, such
as lettuce and celery, served with
dressing: ensal
ada, s
alad
salary n. a xed pay for regular
work: suweldo, s
ahod, sinas
ahod
saliva n. the liquid produced by
glands in the mouth: l
away
salmon n. a large sh with slippery
scales and yellowish-pink esh:
salm
on
salt n. a white substance found in
the earth and in sea water: asin
v. 1 to mix or sprinkle with salt:
magasin, asn
an 2 to preserve with
salt: magburo, buruhin 3 worth
ones salt, worth ones support,
wages, etc.: bale-bale 4 not worth
ones salt: bale-wal
a
saltpeter n. a salty, white mineral,
used in making gunpowder, in
preserving meat, and in medicine:
salitre

sample

151

same adj. 1 not another: d

ati, rin 2
just alike, not dierent: magkat
ulad,
magkap
aris, magkapar
eho, iis
a 3
just spoken of: nabanggit, (kababangit) l
amang 4 not changed:
wal
ang pagbab
ago, di nagbab
ago,
d
ati 5 all the same, notwithstanding, nevertheless: gayunm
an, gay
on
pa man 6 the same or just the same,
in the same manner: pareho, kapareho, g
aya, kag
aya 7 nevertheless:
gayunm
an, gay
on pa man
sample n. 1 a part to show what the
rest is like, one thing to show what
the others are like: muwestra, halimb
awa 2 something given for tasting: patikim 3 a free sample: pamig
ay
v. to take a part of, test a part of:
tumikim, tikm
an
sandals n. a kind of shoe made of a
sole fastened to the foot by straps:
sand
alyas
sandpaper n. a strong paper with a
layer of sand glued on it: papel de
liha, liha v. to smooth, clean, or
polish with this: magliha, lih
ain
sandwich n. slices of bread with a
ling between them: emperad
ado
sane adj. 1 having a healthy mind:
may maliw
anag na isip, maliw
anag
ang isip 2 sensible: matin
o
sap n. the life-giving juice of a plant:
dagt
a, kat
as v. to weaken, use up:
magpahina, panghin
ain, um
ubos,
ub
usin
sardines n. 1 a kind of small
sh preserved in oil for food:
sardinas 2 packed like sardines, very
much crowded: p
arang sardinas,

pun
ung-pun
o, siksikang-siksikan
sarsaparilla n. a tropical American plant or its root, also the
cooling drink made from the root:
sarsaparilya
sate v. 1 to satisfy fully (any
appetite or desire): magbig
aykasiy
ahan,
bigy
ang-kasiy
ahan,
bumund
at, bundatin, busugin nang
hust
o 2 to supply with so much as

saw

to disgust or weary: magpas

awa,
papagsaw
ain 3 to become fully
satised so as to be disgusted or
weary of: mags
awa, sum
awa
satiate v. 1 to feed or satisfy fully:
magbus
og (busugin) nang hust
o,
magbund
at, magpakabund
at, bundatin, magpas
asa, magpakas
asa,
pagpasas
ain 2 to supply with too
much: magpas
awa, papagsaw
ain,
suy
ain, magbig
ay (bigy
an) nang
masy
adong mar
ami 3 to become
fully satised so as to be disgusted
or weary of: mags
awa, sum
awa
satisfaction n. 1 a condition of
being satised or pleased and
contented: kasiy
ahan, kasiyah
an,
lug
od, kalug
uran 2 the payment
of a debt, discharge of an obligation, a making up for a wrong or
injury done: pagbab
ayad ng u
tang
(pins
ala) 3 to give satisfaction,
to satisfy:
magbig
ay-kasiy
ahan,
bigy
ang-kasiy
ahan
Saturday n. the seventh day of the
week: S
abado
sauce n. something, usually a liquid,
served with a food to make it taste
better: s
arsa
saucer n. a shallow dish to set a
copy on: platito
sausage n. chopped and season meat stued into a casing:
longganisa
save v. 1 to make safe, keep or
rescue from harm, danger, hurt,
loss, etc: magligt
as, iligt
as, maligt
as
2 to set free from sin and its
results: sum
akop, sak
upin, tumub
os,
tubusin, magligt
as, iligt
as 3 to lay
aside: mag-imp
ok, impukin, magipon, ip
unin 4 to keep from spending
or wasting: magtipid, tipirin 5 to
prevent, make less: umiwas, iw
asan,
maiw
asan, humadl
ang, hadlang
an
6 to treat carefully to lessen wear,
weariness, etc: mangal
aga
saw n. a tool for cutting, made
of a thin blade with sharp teeth

say

152

on the edge: lag

ari v. 1 to cut
with a saw: maglag
ari, lumag
ari,
lagariin 2 past tense of see:
nakita, nakakita
say v. 1 to utter: mags
abi, sabihin,

magwika, wik
ain 2 to pronounce
in words: bigkasin 3 to speak:
magsalit
a, salitain 4 that is to
say, that is, in other words: ang
ibig sabihin, sa ib
ang pangung
usap,
alala
ong bag
a 5 to say nothing of,
without mentioning: huw
ag nang
banggitin pa 6 they say, it is said:
sinas
abi nil
a n. what one has
said or has to say, testimony, word:
salit
a, pangung
usap
scab n. 1 the crust that forms
over a sore during healing: langib
2 a strike-breaker: eskir
ol v.
to become covered with a scab:
maglangib, magkalangib
scald v. 1 to heat almost to boiling,
but not quite: magpainit (painitin,
iinit) l
amang na mab
uti 2 to pour
boiling liquid over: magbanli,
banli
an 3 to burn with hot liquid:
mabanli
an n. a burn caused by
hot liquid or steam: banli, p
aso
scale n. 1 one of the thin, at hard
plated forming the outer covering of some shes or snakes and
lizards: kaliskis 2 an instrument for
weighing: timb
angan 3 a series of
marks made along a line at regular
intervals to use in measuring: gr
ado
4 a series of steps or degrees: isk
ala,
esk
ala, ant
as
scar n. 1 the mark left by a healed
cut, wound, burn or sore: peklat,
pilat 2 any mark like a scar: g
alos,
gasg
as, d
ungis, batik v. to mark
like a scar: magkag
alos, gal
usan,
makagasg
as, gasgasin
scare v. 1 to frighten: tum
akot,
man
akot, tak
utin 2 to be frightened: mat
akot n. a fright: t
akot,
pagkat
akot
scarecrow n. a gure of a man
dressed in old clothes, set in a eld

scoop

to frighten birds away from growing

crops: pan
akot, pan
akot ng ibon
scarf n. a long broad strip of cloth
worn about the neck, shoulders,
head, etc.: band
ana, bup
anda
scatter v. 1 to throw here and there,
sprinkle: mags
abog, is
abog, sab
ugan,
pasab
ugin 2 to throw loosely about:
magkal
at, ik
alat, kal
atan 3 to
separate and drive o in dierent
directions: bumul
abog, bulab
ugin,
papaghiw
a-hiwalayin 4 to separate
and go in dierent directions:
maghiw
a-hiwal
ay, mabul
abog
scenery n. 1 a general appearance
of a place: tan
awin 2 painted hangings, ttings, etc., used in a theatre
to represent places: sen
aryo, tel
on
scholar n. 1 a pupil at school:
mag-aar
al, estudy
ante, iskuwela 2
a learned person: pant
as, pah
am,
palaar
al 3 a student given money by
a school, etc., to help him continue
his studies: isk
olar, pensiyon
ado/a
school n. 1 a place for teaching and
learning: paaral
an, eskuwelah
an,
iskuwelah
an, isk
ul 2 a large number
of sh swimming together: k
awan 3
a particular department of a university: departam
ento, kagawar
an,
paaral
an v. 1 to train, discipline: magt
uro, tur
uan, mags
anay,
san
ayin 2 adj 3 of having to do
with a school or schools: sa (
ukul sa)
paaral
an, ng paaral
an, pampaaral
an
scissors n. 1 a tool or instrument for
cutting: gunting 2 to cut with scissors or shears: maggupit, gumupit,
gupitin, maggunting, guntingin
scold n. to blame with angry
words: magmur
a, mur
ahin, mag
alit,
kagalitan, pagsabihan
scoop n. 1 a ladle: sand
ok, pans
alok,
pan
alok, t
abo, pan
abo 2 act of
scooping:
pags
alok,
pagsand
ok,
pags
agap v. 1 to take up or
out with a scoop or as a scoop
does: sumand
ok, sandukin, sum
alok,
sal
ukin 2 to hollow out, dig out,

scooter

153

make by scooping: maghuk

ay,
hum
ukay,
huk
ayin,
huk
ayan,
magb
utas, but
asan, but
asin 3 to
scoop out, e.g., water from a small
boat, to bail: maglim
as, lumim
as,
limasin
scooter n. a three wheeled motor
driven vehicle: isk
uter
scream v. 1 to utter a sharp, shrill
cry: tumili, mapatili 2 to make
a loud cry: humiy
aw, mapahiy
aw,
sumig
aw, mapasig
aw 3 to laugh
loudly: humalakh
ak n. 1 a sharp,
piercing cry: tili 2 a loud cry:
hiy
aw, sig
aw
screen n. 1 a covered frame that
hides, protects, or separates: t
abing
2 surface on which (motion) pictures
are shown: puting-t
abing 3 a sieve
for sifting sand, gravel, coal, seed,
etc.: bith
ay, pan
ala, sala
an v.
1 to shelter, protect or hide with
a screen: magt
abing, tabingan 2 to
show (a motion picture) on a screen:
ipakita sa puting-t
abing, magpalab
as
(palabasin sa sine) 3 to sift by using
a sieve or screen: mabith
ay, bithayin,
mags
ala, sal
ain
screw n. 1 a kind of nail with a ridge
twisted evenly around its length:
tornilyo, turnilyo 2 propeller that
moves a boat: elise v. 1 to turn
as a screw does, twist: magr
oskas,
ir
oskas 2 to fasten with a screw
or screws: magtornilyo, itornilyo,
tornilyuh
an 3 to have a screw loose,
to be crazy (slang): maluw
ag ang
tornilyo, l
oko, sir
a ang u
lo
screwdriver n. a tool for putting
in or taking out screws by turning
them: distornilyad
or, disturnilyad
or
sculptor n. a person who carves or
models gures: eskult
or, iskult
or,
manlililok
scum n. 1 a thin layer that rises to
the top of a liquid: isk
oma, lin
ab 2
low, worthless people: mga h
amak na
t
ao
scythe n. a long curved blade on

seat

a long handle, for cutting grass:

mah
abang (malaking) lingk
aw
sea n. a large body of salt water
smaller than an ocean: d
agat
seacoast n. land along the sea:
bayb
ayin, tabing d
agat, bayb
ayd
agat
sea shell n. kabibi
seal n. a design stamped on a piece
of wax, etc., to show ownership or
authority: selyo, tat
ak, panat
ak
v. 1 to make with a seal: magtat
ak,
tatak
an, magselyo, selyuh
an 2 to
close by sticking: idikit 3 to ll up
a hole or holes: magp
asak, pas
akan
4 to shut up, close tightly: takp
ang
(sarh
ang) mahigpit, isar
ang mab
uti
seamstress n. woman who earns
her living by sewing: manan
ahi,
modista , kosterera
seashore n. 1 the land along the sea:
bayb
ayin, tabing-d
agat, bayb
ay-d
agat
2 the beach: apl
aya, dalampasigan
season n. 1 one of the four periods of the year: Spring: tagasib
ol.
Summer or hot season: tag-init,
tag-ar
aw. Rainy season: tag-ul
an.
Winter: taglamig, taggin
aw 2 any
period of time marked by something
special: panah
on 3 suitable or t
time: kapanah
unan, panah
on v. 1
to improve the avor of: magtimpl
a,
timplah
an, magrik
ado, rikad
uhan
2 to accustom, make used to:
sum
anay, san
ayin 3 in season and
out of season: hindi panah
on, wal
a
sa panah
on
seasoning n.
something
that
gives better avor: pampal
asa,
pampasar
ap
seat n. 1 a thing to sit on: up
uan,
likm
uan, lukl
ukan 2 the part of a
chair or bench on which one sits:
up
uan 3 the part of the body on
which one sits, or the clothing
covering it: puwit, puwit
an, puwitan
4 an established place or center:
sentro, lukl
ukan, lug
ar v. 1 to set
or place on a seat: umup
o, maup
o,

seaweed

154

upu
an, iup
o 2 be seated, sit down:
umup
o, maup
o
seaweed n. any plant or plants
growing in the sea: dam
ong-d
agat
second adj. 1 next after the rst:
pangalaw
a, ikalaw
a 2 another, other:
is
a pa v. to support, back up,
assist: pumangalaw
a, pangalawah
an
n. 1 a person who supports or
aids another: kat
ulong, pangalaw
a 2
a part of a minute: seg
undo, saglit
secret adj. 1 kept from knowledge
of others: lihim, sekr
eto 2 keeping
to oneself what one knows: malihim,
masekreto 3 known only to a few:
lihim, lingid 4 kept from sight,
hidden: tag
o, natat
ago, kubli,
nakukubli n. something secret or
hidden: lihim, sekr
eto
secretary n. 1 kalihim, sekret
arya/o
2 a person who has charge of a
department of a government:
sekret
aryo, kalihim
secretive adj. having the habit of
secrecy, not frank or open: malihim,
mapaglihim, masekr
eto
sediment n. matter that settles to
the bottom of a liquid: l
atak, tining
see v. 1 to look at: tumingin,
tingn
an, magm
alas, mal
asin, tuman
aw, tanawin 2 to be aware of
by using the eyes: makia, mam
alas,
mamasd
an, matan
aw 3 to understand: umintindi, maintindih
an,
intindihin, umun
awa, maunaw
aan,
unaw
ain 4 to nd out, to think
of: umal
am, alamin, tumungin,
tingn
an, umisip, isipin
seed n. thing from which anything
grows: binhi, but
o, simiya
seedling n. a young plant grown
from a seed: punl
a
seemingly adv. apparently, as far
as appearances go: p
ara bag
a, w
ari
bag
a, sa w
ari, mukh
a, tila
select v. to choose, pick out: pumili,
piliin, mamili, humirang, hir
angin
adj. 1 picked as best, chosen
specially: pili, hirang 2 careful in

sense

choosing, particular as to friends,

company, etc.: maselan, maselang,
delik
ado
self n. an individual considered as
the subject of his own consciousness:
sarili
selsh adj. caring too much for oneself: sakim, masakim, makasarili,
mar
amot
sell v. 1 to give up for money or other
payment: magbili, ipagbili 2 to peddle around: maglak
o, ilak
o 3 to sell
in a store: magtind
a, itind
a, magbili,
ipagbili
seller n. one who sells: ang nagbibili,
magtitind
a,
tagapagbili,
tagapagtind
a, tindera/o
senator n. a member of the senate:
senad
or
send v. 1 to cause to go, to order:
mag-
utos, ut
usan, mags
ugo, sug
uin
2 to cause to be carried: magpadal
a,
padalh
an,
ipadal
a,
magpahatid,
ipahatid, pahatd
an 3 to cause to go
to a place: magpapunt
a, papuntahin
4 to send for, to cause to come: magpat
awag, ipat
awag, magpasund
o,
ipasund
o
sense n. 1 the faculty of sensation:
(no single specic term although
Balagtas in his Florante at Laura
used karamdaman, e.g., limang
karamdaman - ve senses. Not
used now in this way). 2 sense of
sight: paningin 3 sense of smell:
pangam
oy 4 sense of taste: panl
asa
5 sense of hearing: pandinig 6
sense of touch: pandamd
am 7
feeling: pakiramd
am, damd
amin
8 understanding: pangun
awa 9
appreciation: pagpapahalag
a
10
a clear or sound state of mind:
bait 11 judgment, intelligence:
talino, katalin
uhan, isip, bait 12
common sense: sentido kom
un 13
meaning: kahulug
an, diwa v.
1 to feel, understand: dumam
a,
madam
a, damahin, maramdam
an,
umun
awa, maunaw
aan, unaw
ain 2

sensible

155

to make sense, to be understandable, to be reasonable: maunaw

aan,
makatwiran 3 in a sense, in some
respects or to some degree: sa ib
ang
b
agay, sa is
ang d
ako
sensible adj.
1
having
good
sense, showing good judgment,
wise: makatwiran, may katwiran,
may sentido kom
un, mar
unong,
matalino, matin
o 2 aware, conscious: al
am, nalal
aman, nadaram
a,
batid, nababatid 3 that can be noticed: mapapansin, kapansin-pansin,
nakikita, h
alatain, kapun
a-pun
a
sensitive adj. 1 receiving impressions
readily:
madaling

makaramd
am, madaling makadam
a
2
easily
hurt
or
oended:
maramd
amin, mapagdamd
am
sentiment n. 1 a mixture of
thought and feeling: damd
amin
2 feeling, esp. rened or tender
feeling: damd
amin, pagkaun
awa
3 personal opinion: k
uru-k
uro,
palag
ay, opiny
on
sentimental adj. having or knowing
much tender feeling: sentiment
al,
madamd
amin, malungk
ot
sentinel n. one stationed to keep
watch and guard against surprises:
taliba, t
anod, guw
ardiya, bant
ay
separate v. 1 to be between,
keep apart, divide: maghiwal
ay,
paghiwalayin, ihiwal
ay, magbuk
od,
pagbukurin, ibuk
od, magh
ati, hatiin
2 to disconnect: magtangg
al, tanggalin 3 to separate two who are
quarreling: um
awat, aw
atin 4 to go
apart: maghiw
a-hiwal
ay, humiwal
ay,
hiwalay
an, maghiwal
ay, magwat
akwat
ak 5 to put apart: maghiwal
ay,
ihiwal
ay, maglay
o, ilay
o, magbuk
od, ibuk
od, paghiw
a-hiwalayin,

pagbuk
ud-bukurin,
paglay
u-layuin
6 to take away: mag-alis, alisin,
maglay
o, ilay
o adj. 1 individual,
not joined: buk
od 2 apart from
others: hiwal
ay, nakahiwal
ay
September n. the ninth month:

service

Septyembre, Septiyembre, Setyembre

sequence n. 1 succession, the coming of one thing after another, order
of succession: pagkakasun
ud-sun
od
2 something that follows, result:
kasun
od
serious adj. 1 thoughtful, grave:
porm
al, seryo 2 in earnest, not
fooling: hindi nagbibir
o 3 important, needing thought: import
ante,
mahalag
a 4 dangerous: malubh
a,
mabig
at, mapang
anib, maselan,
maselang, malal
a
sermon n. 1 a public talk on
religon or something connected with
religion: serm
on, sermon 2 serious
talk, a moral lecture, a warning:
pang
aral
serve v. 1 to work for: maglingk
od,
paglingkur
an, magsilbi, magsilbi,
pagsilbih
an 2 to be useful, be what
is needed, be used: mag
amit 3 to
wait on at table, bring food to:
magsilbi, magsilbi, silbih
an 4 to put
food or drink on a table: magsilbi,
magsilbi, isilbi, magd
ulot, id
ulot,
magh
ain, ih
ain, maghand
a, ihand
a
5 to deliver, present: maghatid,
ihatid, magbig
ay, ibig
ay 6 to supply
enough for: makahust
o, paghustuhin,
magk
asya, pagk
asyahin, makasap
at,
pagsapatin 7 to satisfy, be favorable
or suitable: maa
ari, puwede (Sp)
n. act or way of putting a ball in
play: serb, pagserb, pagseserb
service n. 1 helpful act or acts,
aid, being useful to others: serbisyo,
paglilingk
od,
t
ulong,
pagt
ulong
2 performance of duties: paglilingk
od 3 advantage, benet, use:
pakin
abang, kapakinabang
an, b
uti,
kabutihan 4 religious meeting,
religious ceremony: k
ulto 5 the
manner of serving food: serbisyo,
pagsisilbi (ng pagkain) 6 the food
served: pagk
ain 7 act or manner of
putting a ball in play: serb, pagserb
v. 1 to make t for service:
gumaw
a,
gawin,
magkumpuni,

set

156

kumumpuni, kumpunihin 2 at ones

service, ready to do what one
wants: nakala
an (nakahand
a) sa
paglilingk
od 3 of service, helpful or
useful: nakatut
ulong, nakabub
uti,
mahalag
a 4 the service often
means the army or navy: hukb
ong
sandatah
an 5 the Civil Service:
Serbisyo Sibil
set v. 1 to put in some place, put,
place: maglag
ay, ilag
ay, lagy
an 2
to arrange, put in proper order:
mag-
ayos, ay
usin, i
ayos, isa
ayos,
maghand
a, ihand
a, mag-ar
eglo,
aregluhin 3 to become xed, become
rm or hard: tumig
as, manig
as,
maging matig
as, mabu
o, mamu
o
4 to go down, sink: lumub
og 5 to
begin to move, start: magsimul
a,
simul
an, mag-umpis
a, umpisah
an
6 to x: magtakd
a, itakd
a adj.
that has been set, xed, arranged,
formal: nakatakd
a, nakahand
a,
inihand
a n. 1 group, things or
people belonging together: pulut
ong,
pangk
at, magkakas
ama, huwego 2
to set about, to begin, start work:
magsimul
a, simul
an, pasimul
an,
mag-umpis
a, umpisah
an 3 to set
aside, to put to one side: magbuk
od,
ibuk
od, maghiwal
ay, ihiwal
ay 4 to
put by for later use: magtabi, itabi,
magt
ago, it
ago, magbuk
od, ibuk
od
5 to set down, to put down, deposit
or let alight: ibab
a, ilag
ay 6 to
set forth, to make known, express,
declare: magbig
ay-al
am, ipagbig
ayal
am, magpah
ayag, ipah
ayag 7 to
start to go: umalis na pat
ungo 8 to
set o, to cause to explode: magpaput
ok, paputukin, magpasamb
ulat,
magpas
abog, pasab
ugin 9 to set out,
to start to go: umalis 10 to spread
out to show, sell, or use: magk
alat,
ik
alat 11 to set to, to begin:
magsimul
a, simul
an, mag-umpis
a,
umpisah
an
seven n/adj. one more than six:
siyete, pit
o

shameful

seventeen adj/n. seven more than

ten: disisiyete, labimpit
o
seventy n/adj. seven times ten:
setenta, pitump
u
several adj. some, a few, more than
two or three but not many: (mga)
il
an
sew v. 1 to work with a needle and
thread, fasten with stiches: tumahi,
manahi, tahiin, itahi 2 to close
with stitches: tumahi, tahiin
sewing n. 1 work done with a needle and thread: tahiin, tahi 2 act
of fastening with needle and thread:
pagtahi, pananahi
shade n. 1 a partly dark place, not
in the sunshine: lilim 2 something
that shuts out light: t
abing, panakip
sa liw
anag 3 a lamp shade: pant
alya
ng l
ampara 4 a very small dierence, little bit: kaunti, bahagy
a 5
depth of color: kl
ase ng k
ulay v.
1 to keep light from: magt
abing,
tabingan, magsangg
a, sanggah
an,
magtakip, takp
an 2 to make darker
than the rest, darken: mags
ombra,
sombrah
an
shake v. 1 to move quickly backwards and forwards, up and down,
or from side to side: makal
og,
kumal
og, kalugin, alugin, umug
a,
maug
a, ugain, lumugl
og, luglugin
2 to tremble or make tremble (for
persons): maginig, mangat
al, pangatalin, mangat
og n. 1 a shaking:
al
og, kal
og, pagkal
og, tigtig 2 a
shaking of the head: iling, pag-iling
3 a chill or ague of intermittent
fever: ngiki 4 to shake o, to
get rid of: magwagw
ag, iwagw
ag,
magpagp
ag,
ipagp
ag,
pagpagin,
magpasp
as, ipasp
as, paspasin
shaky adj. 1 shaking: nanginginig,
nangangat
al, nangangat
og 2 not reliable: wal
ang tat
ag, mabuw
ay
shallow adj. not deep: mab
abaw
shame n. a painful feeling of having
done something wrong: hiy
a, pagkapahiy
a

shameless

157

shameful adj. 1 feeling shame:

kahiy
a-hiy
a, nakahihiy
a 2 bringing
disgrace: nakasisirang p
uri
shameless adj. 1 without shame:
wal
ang hiy
a, tabl
a (makap
al) ang
mukh
a 2 not modest: bast
os
shampoo v. to wash the hair:
magsiyamp
u, magsiy
ampu, siyampuhin, magg
ugo, gug
uan n.
1 washing the hair: paggug
ugo,
pagsasab
on ng buh
ok 2 preparation
used for shampooing the hair:
siyamp
u, g
ugo, pangg
ugo
shanty n. a roughly built hut or
cabin: barongb
arong, k
ubo, damp
a
shape n. 1 form, gure, appearance:
any
o, h
ugis, k
orte, p
orma, h
ubog,
hits
ura, its
ura, pig
ura 2 condition,
order:
ayos, lag
ay, kalag
ayan, any
o
v. 1 to form: hum
ugis, hugisin,
hum
ubog, hub
ugin 2 to develop, take
shape: mabu
o, bumu
o, buuin
share n. 1 part, portion: parte,
kaparte 2 a share of money in
gambling: bal
ato, pabal
ato v. 1
to divide into parts: magbah
agi,
bahagihin, ibah
agi 2 to use together, to share together: mags
ama,
magkas
ama 3 to share in ones
suering: dum
amay, makir
amay
shark n. 1 a large sh that eats
other sh and attacks people:
pating 2 a dishonest person who
preys on others: mambab
akal,
pating sa katihan, manggag
antso,
mananans
o
sharp adj. 1 having a thin cutting
edge: matalim, mat
alas, 2 having a
point, not rounded: mat
ulis, tulis,
mat
angos 3 with a sudden change
of direction: bigl
a 4 severe, biting:
masakit, nakasasakit 5 pungent (for
taste): maangh
ang 6 clear, distinct:
maliw
anag 7 quick in mind, shrewd,
clever: matalino, listo/a, mat
alas 8
neat, well-dressed: isp
uting, mag
ara
adv. promptly, exactly: eks
akto,
gan
ap, hust
o, h
usto, emp
unto
shave v. to cut hair from the face,

shell

chin, etc., with a razor: mag-

ahit,
um
ahit, ahitin, ahitan
shaver n. 1 an instrument for
shaving: pang-
ahit 2 a person who
shaves: taga
ahit, tagapag-
ahit
shaving n. a very thin piece or slice
of wood: pinagkatam
an
shawl n. 1 a square or oblong piece
of material worn about the shoulders or head: panyol
on, alamp
ay,
bup
anda 2 a wrap: bal
abal
she pron. the girl, woman or female
animal spoken about: siy
a n. girl,
woman, female animal: bab
ae
shear v. 1 to cut with shears or scissors: maggupit, gumupit, gupitin 2 to
cut wool or eece from: gupit
an 3 to
cut close, cut o: gupit
an (gupitin)
nang sag
ad
sheath n. 1 a case or covering for the
blade of a sword or a knife: kal
uban,
baina 2 the sheath of a banana plant:
sab
a, u
pak
shed n. 1 a building used for shelter,
storage, etc.: kam
alig, bodega 2 a
granary, barn: kam
alig 3 a shed
temporarily built: sibi, tangkil,
h
abong, kub
ol 4 a building for
shelter: himpilan, istasy
on v. 1
to cause to ow: magpad
anak 2 to
pour, let fall: magb
uhos, ib
uhos 3 to
scatter abroad, give forth: magkal
at,
ik
alat, kal
atan, magsab
og, is
abog,
sab
ugan, magl
agas, mal
agas 4 to
shed tears: lum
uha, maluh
a 5 to
molt, throw o: magh
unos
sheep n. 1 an animal raised for wool
and mutton: t
upa 2 a young sheep,
a lamb: kordero
sheet n. 1 a large piece of linen or
cotton cloth used to sleep on or under: k
umot 2 a broad thin piece of
anything: pir
aso, p
ohas 3 a single
piece of paper: pilyego, pilas
shell n. 1 a hard outside covering:
bal
at 2 sea shell: kabibi 3 an oyster
shell: bal
at ng talab
a 4 a tortoise
shell: b
ahay ng pag
ong 5 a crab
shell: tal
ukap (bal
at) ng alim
ango

shepherd

158

6 a case lled with gunpowder:

kart
utso 7 the bullet itself: b
ala,
punl
o, pungl
o v. 1 to take out of
a shell: magbal
at, balat
an, mag-alis
(alis
an) ng bal
at 2 to separate grains
of corn from the cob, peas from
a pod, etc.: maghim
ay, himayin 3
to re a cannon at: mangany
on,
kumany
on, kanyunin
shepherd n. 1 a man who takes
care of sheeps: tag
apag-alag
a ng
t
upa, past
ol ng mga t
upa 2 the Good
Shepherd: Ang Mab
uting Past
ol
sheri n. important law-enforcing
ocer: serip, serip
shield n. 1 a piece of armor carried
on the arm to protect the body
in battle: kalas
ag 2 anything used
to protect: pansangg
a, panangg
a,
sanggal
ang, pananggal
ang, panal
ag
v. to protect, defend: magsanggal
ang, ipagsanggal
ang, magtangg
ol,
ipagtangg
ol
shin n. the front part of the leg from
the knee to the ankle: lul
od
shine v. 1 to send out light: sumikat
2 to reect light: kumin
ang, mangin
ang, kumisl
ap, mangisl
ap 3 to
make bright or light, polish: magpakint
ab, pakintabin, magpakin
ang,
pakinangin, maglinis, linisin 4
to be bright, glow: magningning,
magliw
anag n. 1 light, brightness:
liw
anag 2 luster, polish: kin
ang,
kint
ab
shining adj. 1 radiant, brilliant:
maningning, nagniningning 2 giving
light: maliw
anag 3 that shines:
sumisikat 4 distinguished: bant
og,
nababant
og, sik
at, sumisikat
ship n. any large vessel for use on
water: bap
or, bark
o v. to send or
carry from one place to another by
ship, train, truck, etc.: magl
ulan
(il
ulan) sa bap
or, tren, trak, atbp.
shirt n. 1 a garment for the upper
part of a mans body: kamisad
entro
2 an undergarment for the upper
part of the body: kamiseta

short

shock n. 1 a sudden, violent shake:

yanig, pagyanig 2 an earthquake
shock: lind
ol 3 a sudden, violent disturbance: d
agok, matinding d
agok 4
a disturbance of the nervous system:
pagkabigl
a, sind
ak, pagkasind
ak
v. to give a shock to, cause to feel
surpise, horror or disgust: makabigl
a, biglain, mabigl
a, gum
ulat,
gul
atin, mag
ulat
shoe n. 1 an outer covering for
a persons feet: sap
atos 2 horseshoe: b
akal ng kab
ayo v. 1 to
furnish with shoes, e.g., a horse:
magb
akal, bak
alan 2 in anothers
shoes, in anothers place, situation
or circumstances: n
asa kalag
ayan
(katay
uan) ng ib
a 3 where the shoe
pinches, sometimes means where
the real trouble or diculty lies: ang
kinalalagy
an ng gul
o (suliranin),
ang ipinagdaramd
am o dinaramd
am
(ng is
ang t
ao)
shoemaker n. a man who makes
or mends shoes: sapatero, magsasapat
os
shoestring n. 1 a shoelace: t
ali
(sint
as) ng sap
atos 2 a very small
amount of money: napakaliit na
halag
a (ng kuw
alta)
shoot v. 1 to hit with a bullet:
bumaril, mak
abaril, mabaril, barilin
2 to re a gun: magpaput
ok,
paputukin, paputuk
an 3 to take a
picture with a camera, photograph:
kum
uha (kunan) ng larawan n.
the new part growing out, young
branch: tub
o, sibol, talb
os, supling,
usb
ong
shop v. to visit stores to look at or
to buy things: mamili, papamilihin
n. 1 a place where things are
sold, a store: tind
ahan 2 a place
where things are made or repaired:
p
agawaan
short adj. 1 not long: maigsi,
maikli 2 not tall: pand
ak, mab
aba,
maikli 3 less than the right
amount, measure, standard, etc.:

shorts

159

k
ulang, kap
os adv. 1 suddenly:
bigl
ang-bigl
a 2 briey: madali,
sandali l
amang, maigsi, maikli
3 to cut short, to end suddenly:
tum
apos (mat
apos, tap
usin) nang
bigl
aan, bigl
ang tum
apos (mat
apos,
tap
usin) 4 to fall short, to fail to
reach: di makarating, di umab
ot 5 to
be insucient: kapusin, magk
ulang,
kul
angin 6 for short, to make
shorter: paikliin 7 in short, briey:
sa maikling salit
a, sa is
ang saglit,
sa madalit s
abi 8 to run short,
not to have enough: magk
ulang,
kul
angin, kapusin, k
ulang, kap
os
shorts n. short loose trousers worn
by men in sports, trunks, knee
breeches: k
orto, put
ot
shortening n. butter or lard used
to make bread, pastry, etc., crisp or
crumbly: mantikilya, mantika
short-tempered adj.
quicktempered, easily made angry: magagalitin, mayayam
utin, mayam
utin,
bugn
utin
should v. 1 part of shall, ought to:
d
apat, narar
apat 2 should is used
to express uncertainty: kung, sak
ali,
kap
ag, pagk
a 3 used in speaking
of something which might have
happened but did not: s
ana, disin,
disin s
ana
shoulder n. 1 the part of the body
to which an arm is attached: balikat
2 the part of a garment that covers
a shoulder: balikat (ng b
aro) 3
the side or edge of a road: tabi ng
da
an, gilid ng da
an v. 1 to take
on the shoulders, to bear (burden,
blame, etc.): bumalikat, isabalikat,
balik
atin, pumas
an, pasanin 2 to
push with the shoulders: sumiksik,
maniksik, siksikin 3 shoulder to
shoulder, side by side, together:
magkatabi, tabi-tabi, magkakatabi 4
with united eort: magkakat
ulong,
t
ulung-t
ulong 5 straight from the
shoulder, frankly, directly: tap
atan,
tuwiran, pr
angko 6 to turn or give

shower

a cold shoulder to, to shun, avoid,

show dislike for: umilag, il
agan,
umiwas, iw
asan, lumay
o, layu
an
shout v. 1 to call or cry loudly
and vigorously: sumig
aw, sigaw
an,
humiy
aw, hiyaw
an 2 to talk very
loudly with anger: magbungang
a,
bumuly
aw,
bulyaw
an,
bum
ulas,
bul
asin n. 1 a loud, vigorous call
or cry: sig
aw, hiy
aw 2 a shout due
to surprise, fright: tili 3 to shout a
person down, to silence a person by
very loud talk: bumuly
aw, bulyaw
an,
sumig
aw, sigaw
an
shove v. 1 to push: magtul
ak, it
ulak,
magsaly
a, isaly
a 2 to push each
other: magtulak
an, magsiksikan,
magsaly
ahan 3 to push the elbow:
sumiko, sik
uhin 4 to shove o
sometimes, to push away from
the shore, row away: gum
aod na
(sumagw
ang) palay
o 5 leave, start,
go away, scram (slang): lum
ayas
shovel n. a tool for lifting and
throwing loose matter: p
ala v.
to lift and throw with a shovel:
magp
ala, pum
ala, pal
ahin
show v. 1 to let be seen, put in
sight: magpakita, ipakita, pakit
aan,
pakita, magpam
alas, ipam
alas 2 to
be in sight: makita, matan
aw 3 to
point out, direct, guide: magt
uro,
it
uro 4 to make clear, explain:
magpaliw
anag, ipaliw
anag 5 to
expose, put on display: magtangh
al,
itangh
al, magpakita, ipakita n. 1
a showing: pagpapakita, pagtata
as
2 a display, showing o: parangy
a,
pagpaparangy
a,
pasikat, pagpa
pasikat 3 appearance: bak
as 4 a
false appearance: pagkukunwari,
pagkukunuwari, balatkay
o 5 any
kind of public exhibition or display:
tangh
alan, pagtatangh
al 6 a moving
picture: pelikula, palab
as 7 for show,
to attract attention: pakitang-t
ao,
pant
awag-pansin, pasikat 8 to show
o, display: magparangy
a, ipagparangy
a, magpasikat, ipagpasikat

shrewd

160

shower n. 1 a short fall of rain:

ul
ang hindi nagtag
al 2 a party for
giving presents to a woman about
to be married: s
alu-s
along parang
al
sa bab
aing ik
akasal 3 a shower bath:
ligo (paligo) sa d
utsa v. 1 to send
in a shower, pour down: magpaul
an,
paulan
an, magtamb
ak, tambak
an 2
to rain for a short time: umul
an
al (umamb
on - to
nang hindi matag
drizzle)
shrewd adj. 1 sharp, keen, clever:
ulo, list
o/
a, listo/a,
matalino, ma
t
uso 2 astute, wily: t
uso 3 sly,
artful: suwitik
shrill adj. high and sharp in sound,
piercing: matinis, nakatutulig v. to
make such a sound: tumili, mapatili
shrine n. 1 a sacred place: ban
al na
lug
ar 2 an altar in a church, etc.:
alt
ar, damb
ana 3 a temple: templo
4 tomb of a saint: libingan ng s
anto
shrub n. a bush, a woody plant
smaller than a tree: palump
ong
shun v. to keep away from, avoid:
umiwas, iw
asan, umilag, il
agan,
lumay
o, layu
an
shut v. 1 to close by pushing or
pulling a lid, door, some part,
etc., into place: magsar
a, isar
a,
magpinid, ipinid 2 to check, turn
o: magsar
a, isar
a, magpat
ay,
patayin 3 to become closed, to close
(of itself): sumar
a, masar
a, mapinid
4 to shut in, to keep from going
out: magkul
ong, makul
ong, ikul
ong
5 to shut up, to shut the doors or
windows of: isar
a ang mga pint
o o
mga bint
ana 6 to stop taking (coll):
tumigil sa pagsasalit
a, tigilan ang
pagsasalit
a, tumahimik, manahimik
shy adj. 1 bashful, uncomfortable
in company: mahiy
ain, mahihiyain,

mahihiyain, mahihiy
ain 2 easily
frightened away: mail
ap 3 timid:
kimi v. to start back or aside
suddenly: pumitl
ag, bigl
ang um
urong
(umiwas, lumihis, umilag)
sick adj. 1 in poor health, hav-

sign

ing some disease: may sakit, may

karamd
aman 2 vomiting: nags
usuka
3 aected with sorrow or longing:
nahah
apis, nalulungk
ot, nalulumb
ay
n. sick people: maysakit, mga
maysakit
sickness n. 1 illness, poor health,
disease:
sakit,
pagkakasakit,
karamd
aman,
pagkakaramd
am
2 nausea, vomiting: pagsuk
a,
pagsusuk
a, pagduw
al
side n. 1 surface or line bounding a
thing: tabi, paligid, tagiliran, gilid 2
either of the two surfaces of paper,
cloth, etc.: mukh
a, p
anig 3 either
the right or left part of the body of
a person, an animal, or house, etc.:
tagiliran 4 either the right of the
left part of a thing, either part or
region beyond a central line: d
ako,
g
awi, band
a, tabi, p
anig 5 a slope of
a hill or bank: gilid 6 the position,
course or part of ones person
or party against another: p
anig,
pangk
at 7 a part of a family, a line
of descent: pamilya, angk
an adj.
1 at one side: sa tagiliran 2 by ones
side, near one: sa tabi, sa piling 3
side by side, beside one another:
magkatabi, tabi-tabi, magkapiling,
magkaag
apay, ag
a-ag
apay, agap
ay
v. to take sides, place oneself
with a side or a group: kumampi,
kampih
an, magkampihan, pum
anig,
panigan, kum
atig, katigan
sidewalk n. place to walk at the side
of a street: bangketa
sign n. 1 any mark, thing, or
motion used to mean, represent,
or point out something: tand
a,
palatand
aan 2 a signboard: kar
atula
3 a notice: babal
a, paun
awa 4 the
motion used to point out something:
senyas 5 to make the sign of the
cross: mag-antand
a, magkr
us
v. 1 to put ones name on, write
ones name: lumagd
a, lagda
an,
ilagd
a, pumirm
a, pirmah
an, ipirm
a
2 to give a sign to: sumenyas,

signal

161

senyas
an, isenyas, magmuwestra,
muwestrah
an, imuwestra
signal n. a sign giving notice of
something: hudy
at, tand
a, babal
a,
senyas, seny
al v. to make a signal
or signals to: sumenyas, senyas
an,
isenyas,
humudy
at,
hudyat
an,
ihudy
at adj. used as a signal or in
signaling: panenyas, panghudy
at
signature n. 1 a persons name
written by himself: lagd
a, pirm
a,
pirma 2 act of writing ones name:
paglagd
a, pagpirm
a, pagpirma
signpost n. a post having signs or
notices on it, guidepost: p
osteng
panand
a,
p
osteng
nagt
uturo,
p
osteng may babal
a
silk n. a ne soft thread spun by silk
worms, the cloth made from such
threads: seda, sutl
a adj. made of
silk: y
ari sa seda (sutl
a)
silver n. 1 a shining white precious
metal: pl
ata, pilak 2 coins made
from silver: pl
ata, pilak 3 utensils or
dishes made from silver: kubyertos
na pilak, mga kagamit
ang y
ari sa
pilak adj. 1 made of silver: y
ari
sa pilak 2 having the color of silver:
k
ulay-pilak, k
ulay-pl
ata
silversmith n. a person who
make articles of silver: platero,
pand
ay-pilak
similar adj. alike, like, much
the same: kat
ulad, magkat
ulad,
kaw
angis, magkaw
angis, kawangki,
magkawangki
simple adj. 1 easy to do: madaling
gawin, maga
an, madali 2 easy to
understand: madaling intindihin,
madaling unaw
ain 3 bare, mere,
with nothing added: pay
ak, wal
ang
ib
a kundi... 4 plain, without ornament, not rich or showy: simple 5
natural, not aected, not showing
o: natur
al, lik
as 6 common, ordinary: karaniwan, pangkaraniwan 7
dull, weak in mind: tang
a, ung
as,
b
obo/a 8 not compound: pay
ak
sin n. 1 a breaking of the law of God:

sit

kasal
anan, pagkakas
ala, paglab
ag
sa u
tos ng Diy
os 2 wrongdoing of
any kind, immoral act: kasal
anan,
s
ala v. 1 to break the law of God:
magkas
ala, gumaw
a ng pagkakas
ala
(kasal
anan) 2 to do wrong: gumaw
a
ng masam
a
since adv. 1 from then till now:
mul
a
(simul
a)
no
on,
b
uhat
(magb
uhat) no
on, sap
ol no
on 2
from a past time till now: mul
a
pa, b
uhat pa, magb
uhat pa, no
on
pa 3 after: pagkat
apos, mat
apos,
pagkara
an, makara
an conj.
1 because: yay
amang, y
amang,
sapagk
at, pagk
at, d
ahil sa 2 long
since, long ago: matag
al na, no
ong
matag
al na
sincere adj. free from pretense
or deceit, genuine, real, honest:
matap
at, tap
at, t
unay, dalisay,
nagtototo
o, ta
os-p
uso, mata
os
sing v. 1 to make music with the
voice: kumant
a, kantahin, um
awit,

awitin 2 to make pleasant, musical

sounds: um
awit, kumant
a 3 to
bring, send, or put in a certain state
by singing: ipagkant
a, kantah
an,
awitan
singer n. a person who sings:
mang-a
awit, mangangant
a, kant
or,
kant
ora
sink v. 1 to go down, fall slowly,
go lower and lower, to go under:
lumub
og, bumab
a 2 to make go
down, make go under: magpalub
og,
mapalub
og, palubugin, ilub
og
n. a shallow basin or tub with a
drainpipe: lab
abo, hugas
an
sir n. 1 a title of respect or honor:
gino
o (G.) 2 Mr. or Mister: G. or
Gino
o 3 a respectful form of address,
esp. in conversation: po, ho
sister n. 1 kapatid na bab
ae 2 any elder sister or the eldest:
ate, m
anang
3 the second eldest sister: ditse 4 a
nun: m
adre, m
ongha
sit v. 1 to rest on the lower part of
ones body: umup
o, maup
o 2 to

six

162

seat, cause to sit: iup

o, paupuin
six n/adj. 1 one more than ve: seis,
anim 2 at sixes and sevens, in con
fusion: magul
o, napakagul
o
sixteen n/adj. six more than ten:
disiseis, l
abing-
aanim
size n. 1 amount of space a thing
takes up: laki 2 one of a series of
measures: s
ukat v. 1 to arrange
according to size: pagbuk
ud-bukurin
(ih
anay, i
ayos, ay
usin) a
yon sa laki
2 to size up, to form an opinion
of: magpalag
ay, ipalag
ay, tantiyahin
ang kakayah
an (laki, d
ami)
skilled adj. 1 having skill, trained,
experienced:
bih
asa,
bihas
a,
dalubh
asa, san
ay 2 requiring skill:
nangangail
angan
ng
kasanay
an
(karanas
an)
skillful, skilful adj. 1 having skill:
san
ay, bih
asa, bihas
a 2 expert:
dalubh
asa 3 showing skill: mah
usay,
magaling
skinny adj. very thin, very lean: napakapay
at, masy
adong pay
at, but
ot
bal
at, patp
atin
skip v. 1 to leap lightly, spring,
jump: lumuks
o, luksuhin, lumund
ag,

lundagin, tumal
on, talunin, lumuks
u-luks
o,
magpaluks
u-luks
o,
lumund
ag-lund
ag,
tumal
un-tal
on,
magpatal
un-tal
on 2 to skip with a
rope: magluks
ong-l
ubid 3 to pass
over, omit: lumakt
aw, laktaw
an,
lumakd
aw, lakdaw
an, mag-iwan,
iwan n. 1 a light spring, jump,
or leap: luks
o, tal
on, lund
ag 2 an
omission: lakt
aw, lakd
aw
skirt n. 1 the part of a dress that
hangs from the waist: p
alda, s
aya
2 border, edge: hangg
anan, gilid
3 outer part of a place: lab
as v.
to pass along the border or edge
of: mamayb
ay, baybayin, lumigid,
ligirin
sky n. 1 the region of the clouds or
upper air: himpapawid, l
angit 2 the
heavens: l
angit
slant v. to incline, slope: humilig,

slide

ihilig, hum
apay, ih
apay, humilis,

ihilis adj. inclining: pahilig, hilig,

pahilis, hilis, tagilid n. an incline:
hilig, h
apay, hilis, tagilid
slap n. a blow with the open hand or
with something at: samp
al, tamp
al
v. to strike with the open hand or
something at: sumamp
al, sampalin,
tumamp
al, tampalin
slaughter n. killing, butchering:
pagpapat
ay,
pagpat
ay,
patay
an,
malupit na pagpat
ay v. to kill,
butcher:
magpat
ay,
pumat
ay,
patayin
slaughter house n. a place where
animals are killed for food: patay
an
ng h
ayop, matad
ero
sleep v. 1 to rest the body and
mind, be without ordinary thought
or movement: mat
ulog, tum
ulog 2 to
put to sleep: magpat
ulog, patul
ugin
3 to have a short sleep, to nap:
umidlip, maidlip n. 1 rest of body
and mind occurring naturally and
regularly: t
ulog, pagt
ulog 2 a very
short sleep, nap: idlip, pag-idlip
sleeve n. 1 that part of a garment
which covers the arm: mangg
as,
kam
ay (ng bar
o) 2 to laugh up
ones sleeve, to be amused but not
show it, laugh secretly: mataw
a
(matuw
a) nang lihim
slender adj. 1 long and thin, slim,
not plump: balingkinitan, patp
atin
2 slight, scanty: kaunti, kakaunti,
munti, bahagy
a, babahagy
a, maliit,

mahina
slice n. a thin, wide piece cut from
bread, meat, etc.: hiw
a, p
utol,
pir
aso v. 1 to cut into slices:
maghiwa (hiw
ain) nang maninipis
o palap
ad, paghiw
a-hiwain, magpir
aso, piras
uhin, pagpir
a-pirasuhin
2 to cut into thin pieces: maggay
at,
gay
atin 3 to cut o: magput
ol,
put
ulin
slide v. 1 to move smoothly:
magpadul
as, dumul
as, padulasin,
magpadausd
os, dumausd
os, padaus-

slight

163

dusin, dumagusd
os, magpadagusd
os,
padagusdusin 2 to slip: madul
as,
dumul
as 3 to put quietly or secretly:
maglag
ay (mailag
ay, ilag
ay) nang
wal
ang kal
atis (nang palihim)
n. 1 a mass of earth, snow, etc.,
sliding down: g
uho, pagg
uho 2 act
of sliding: pagdul
as, pagpapadul
as,
pagdausd
os, pagpapadausd
os 3 to let
slide, to neglect, not bother about
it: magpab
aya, pabay
aan
slight adj. 1 small, not much:
kaunti, kakaunti, maliit, bahagy
a,
babahagy
a 2 not important: di
mahalag
a, wal
ang halag
a, hindi
import
ante
slim adj. 1 slender, thin: pay
at,
balingkinitan, patp
atin 2 small,
slight, weak: kaunti, kakaunti,
munti, maliit, mahina, bahagy
a
slingshot n. a Y-shaped stick with
a rubber band fastened to its prongs
used to shoot pebbles, etc.: tirad
or
slippery adj. 1 causing slipping:
madul
as, nakakadul
as 2 slipping
away easily: madul
as 3 not to
be depended on, tricky: mad
aya,
mapaglal
ang, mabilis, t
uso
slit v. 1 to cut or tear along a
line: pum
unit, punitin, lumasl
as,
maglasl
as, laslasin, humiwa, hiw
ain
2 to cut with scissors: gumupit,
gupitin n. a straight, narrow cut
or opening: p
unit, b
utas, lasl
as,
bitas
slope n. 1 any line, surface, or land
that goes up or down from a level:
dahilig, talibis 2 slope of a hill: libis,
dalisdis
slow adj. 1 not quick, taking a
long time: mab
agal, matag
al 2
not prompt or hasty: mak
upad,
mab
agal 3 behind the right time:
atras
ado, huli 4 dull, stupid: mapur
ol (mahina) ang u
lo 5 slow in
manner: mab
agal, mahinay, ban
ayad
6 slow in sale of merchandise:
mat
umal, mahina v. 1 to make
slow: magpahina, pahin
ain, hin
aan,

smooth

pabag
alin, bag
alan 2 to go slow,
become slow: humina (ang takb
o
o l
akad), bum
agal adv. slowly:
mar
ahan, d
ahan-d
ahan, mahinay,
hinay-hinay
sluggard n. a lazy, sluggish person:
t
aong tam
ad at mab
agal
small adj. 1 not large, little: maliit,
munti, kaunti 2 not important:
maliit, wal
ang kuwenta (halag
a),
munti, di mahalag
a 3 mean: imbi,
h
amak
smile v. to show pleasure, favor,
kindness, amusement, etc., by facial
expression: ngumiti, ngiti
an n.
the act of smiling: ngiti, pagngiti
smoke n. 1 a cloud from anything
burning: u
sok, as
o, as
ap, a
sap
2 the act of smoking (tobacco):
paninigarilyo, pagsisigarily
o, paninigarilyo, pagsisigarilyo, pananab
ako,
pagtatab
ako 3 a cigarette (coll.):
sigarily
o, sigarilyo v. 1 to give
o smoke or steam or something
like it: um
usok 2 to aect with
or expose to smoke: magpa
usok,
paus
ukan, magpaas
o, paasuh
an 3
to draw the smoke from something into the mouth and pu it
out again: humitit 4 to smoke a
pipe: magpipa 5 to smoke a cigar:
magtab
ako, manab
ako 6 to smoke a
cigarette: magsigarily
o, manigarily
o
7 to smoke sh or meat: magt
apa,
tap
ahin 8 to smoke out, to drive out
with smoke: magpa
usok (paus
ukan)
u
pang lum
ayas, magpaas
o (paasuh
an) u
pang lum
ayas 9 chain
smoking: ab
ut-ab
ot na paninigarily
o
(paninigarilyo), wal
ang lag
ot na
paninigarily
o (paninigarilyo)
smooth adj. 1 even, like glass, silk,
etc.: makinis 2 without diculties,
easy: madali, maga
an, ma
ayos,
mapay
apa 3 calm, serene: pan
atag,
pay
apa, mahin
ahon, tahimik 4 easy,
polished, pleasant, polite: kalug
udlug
od, mapit
agan, matat
as, mah
usay
v. 1 to make smooth: magpakinis,

smuggle

164

pakinisin 2 to make at, atten:

magpal
apat, palap
atin, mag-un
at,
un
atin 3 to smooth away, to get rid
of diculties, troubles, etc., to make
easy: mag-
ayos, ay
usin, lum
unas,
lun
asan, pumay
apa, payap
ain 4 to
smooth down, to calm or soothe:
magpahin
ahon, humin
ahon, magpak
alma, kum
alma, magpakalm
a,
a, magpalamig,
pakalmahin, kumalm
lumamig, palamigin 5 to smooth
over, to make something seem less
wrong or unpleasant: magpatakip,
pagtakp
an
smuggle v. 1 to bring in or out of a
country secretly and against the law:
palihim na umangk
at (magluw
as) ng
kal
akal, magpuslit, ipuslit, maglus
ot,
ilus
ot 2 to bring, take, put, etc.,
secretly: dalhin (ilab
as, ip
asok)
nang palihim, ilag
ay nang panak
aw
(palihim)
snack n. a light meal: miryenda,
merienda, mirind
al
snail n. 1 a small soft animal that
crawls very slowly: sus
u, kuh
ol 2
a lazy, slow-moving person: t
aong
mab
agal (mak
upad)
snake n. 1 a long, slender, crawling
reptile:
ahas 2 a sly, treacherous
person: t
aong mapanlinl
ang, t
aong
ulup
ong, t
aong taksil (traid
or)
snap v. 1 to make a sudden, quick
bite or snatch, to seize suddenly:
sumakm
al, sakmalin, sumakl
ot,
saklutin, dumakl
ot, dakluti 2 to
speak quickly and sharply: bumuly
aw, bulyaw
an, ibuly
aw 3 to
make or cause to make a sudden sharp sound: magpalagitik,
lumagitik, palagitikin 4 to break
suddenly: lumag
ot (malag
ot) na
bigl
a, laguting bigl
a, pumatid (mapatid) na bigl
a, patiring bigl
a 5 to
take a snap shot: kum
uha (k
unan)
ng lar
awan n. 1 a quick, sudden
bite or snatch: sakm
al, pagsakm
al,
dakl
ot, pagdakl
ot, sakl
ot, pagsakl
ot
2 a quick, sharp sound such as the

soft

snap of a dry branch, breaking of a

bone, cracking of ones knuckles or
joints: lagut
ok, lagitik adj. made
or done suddenly: bigl
aan, daglian
snobbish adj. of or like a snob, looking down on those in a lower position: supl
ada/o, mapagmata
as, mapagmalaki, pal
alo
snow n. frozen water in soft white
akes: niyebe
snug adj. 1 comfortable: maginh
awa
2 neat, trim, compact: ma
ayos 3
tting closely: masikip, hak
ab (sa
kataw
an), makipot, hapit
so adv. 1 in that way, in the same
way or degree: gany
an, pagany
an,
ganit
o, paganit
o, gay
on, pagay
on 2
according to fact, really so, true:
toto
o, talag
a, t
ama, siy
a nga 3
very: napak
a (prexed to the appropriate adverb and adjective) 4
very much: toto
o, lubh
a, masy
ado
5 therefore, accordingly, on this
account: kay
a, kay
a nga, d
ahil dito
6 likewise, also: gay
on din (rin),
man, nam
an 7 interj. with upward
inection: Well! Siy
a! Ab
a! 8 or
so, more or less: humigit-kum
ulang
9 so as, so that with the result or
purpose: p
ara, u
pang, nang
soaked adj. thoroughly wet: bas
angbas
a, bab
ad, bab
ad na bab
ad
soap n. a substance used for washing, made of a fat and caustic soda
or potash: sab
on v. to rub with
soap: magsab
on, sabunin, masab
on
society n. 1 a group of persons
united by a common purpose or
interest: kapis
anan, samah
an 2 all
the people, community: ang komunid
ad, sambayan
an 3 company,
companionship: pakikis
ama 4 the
fashionable class: sosyed
ad
sock n. a short stocking: medyas,
kalsetin
soft adj. 1 not hard: malamb
ot 2
not rough or coarse: makinis, pino 3
gentle: mabini, mahinhin, may
umi
4 kind, tender: mabait, malamb
ot

soften

165

ang p
uso 5 soft (as a sound):
mar
ahan, mahina, malamig 6 soft
(as light), not glaring: malaml
am, 7
weak: mahina
soften v. 1 to make softer: magpalamb
ot, palambutin 2 to become
softer: lumamb
ot 3 to make lower
or softer as voice, music, etc.: magpahina, pahin
ain, mapahina 4 to
become or be softer as voice, music,
etc.: humina 5 to make less glaring
as light: magpalaml
am, palamlamin
6 to become less glaring: lumaml
am
soil n. 1 earth, land: l
upa 2
spot, stain, dirt: batik, mants
a,
b
ahid, dumi v. 1 to become
dirty: dumumi, marumih
an, maputikan, magkap
utik 2 to make
dirty: magdumi, dumih
an, dumh
an,
magp
utik, putikan 3 to disgrace:
dum
ungis, magpar
ungis, dungisan,
magbatik, batik
an 4 to be disgraced:
madungisan, mabatik
an
soldier n. a man who serves in the
army: k
awal, sund
alo
sole adj. 1 one and only: kais
a-is
a,
nag-iis
a, iis
a, t
angi 2 only: l
amang
n. 1 the bottom or under surface
of the foot: talamp
akan 2 the bottom
of a shoe, slipper, etc.: suwelas v.
1 to put a sole on shoes, etc.: lagy
an
(maglag
ay) ng suwelas, magsuwelas
2 to have ones shoes, slippers, etc.,
soled: magpasuwelas
solicitude n. 1 anxiety: pagkabah
ala, balisa, pagkabalisa 2
concern, anxious care: pag-aasik
aso,
pag-iintindi, pag-aala
ala, pagmamalas
akit
solvent adj. 1 able to pay all
debts: may kakayah
ang makab
ayad
ng u
tang 2 able to dissolve:
nakatut
unaw n. a substance, usually a liquid, that can dissolve other
substances: pant
unaw, pan
unaw
some adj. 1 any: alinm
an, sin
uman
2 a number of: il
an 3 a quantity of:
kaunti 4 certain, but not known or
named: may or mayro
on 5 about:

sort

humigit-kum
ulang, h
alos, mga
pron. a certain number or quantity:
il
an
something n. 1 a paticular thing
not named or known: mayro
on,
may 2 a part, a certain amount, a
little: bahagy
a, kaunti 3 a thing
of importance: mahalag
ang b
agay,
is
ang b
agay na mahalag
a
somewhat adv. in some degree,
slightly: tila, medyo, p
ara, h
alos,
may pagka- n. some part, some
amount: kaunti, bahagy
a, bah
agi
son n. a male child in relation to his
parents: an
ak na lal
aki
son-in-law n. the husband of ones
daughter: man
ugang na lal
aki
soon adv. 1 in a short time, before
long: mamay
a, mayamay
a, hindi
matatagal
an, hindi magluluw
at
(magl
uluwat), sa madaling panah
on
2 immediately: kaag
ad, ag
ad-ag
ad
3 early: ma
aga 4 as soon as, at
the moment that: kapagd
aka, sa
sandali, sa o
ras 5 quickly: madali
sorrow n.
1
grief:
pighati,
dalamh
ati, lumb
ay, h
apis, lungk
ot,
kalungk
utan, sakit 2 regret: sisi,
pagsisisi
3
sadness:
lungk
ot,
kalungk
utan, lumb
ay, kalumb
ayan 4
a cause of grief, trouble: suliranin,
sulir
anin, and ipinagdadalamh
ati
(ipinamimighati) v. to be sad,
feel sorry, feel or show grief, sadness,
or regret: malungk
ot, ikalungk
ot,
mamighati,
ipamighati,
magdalamh
ati, ipagdalamh
ati, magsisi,
pagsisihan
sorry adj. 1 feeling sad: nalulungk
ot,
nagd
aramdam 2 wretched, poor,
pitiful: kaaw
a-aw
a, nakaaaw
a 3
feeling regret or penitence: nagsisisi,
pinagsisisihan
sort n. kind, class: kl
ase, u
ri v.
1 to arrange by kinds or classes,
arrange in order: magbuk
ud-buk
od
(pagbuk
ud-bukurin) a
yon sa u
ri 2
to put apart or separate from others: magbuk
od, ibuk
od, maghiwal
ay,

soul

166

ihiwal
ay
soul n. 1 the spiritual part of a
man: kaluluw
a 2 energy of mind
or feeling, spirit: kaluluw
a, lak
as
ng isip 3 cause of inspiration and
energy: diwa, b
uhay 4 a person:
t
ao, kanino, sino mang t
ao
sound n. 1 what can be perceived
by ear, what is or can be heard:
tun
og 2 a noise: ingay 3 the sound
of bells: tun
og, telembang, kulingling
o kililing 4 a knocking sound:
kalant
og, kalat
ok, kat
ok, tukt
ok 5
a squeaking sound as of a new
shoe: ingit 6 the squeaking sound
of a door hinge: langitngit 7 the
sound of running water, e.g., of a
stream: lagasl
as 8 a reverberating
sound like the drone of an airplane:
u
gong 9 a wheezing sound, e.g., of
an asthmatic: h
uni 10 the sound
of footsteps: yab
ag 11 the whining
sound of strong wind: haginit,
hagun
ot 12 the whining sound of a
bullet: higing, h
aging 13 a clacking
sound such as produced by heels
of shoes on a pavement: tagukt
ok,
lagat
ok, lagut
ok 14 a sound such
as caused by the clapping of the
hands, etc.: palakp
ak 15 a crunching
sound as when chewing something
hard: langutng
ot 16 the sound of
a falling water, as in a waterfall:
lagasl
as 17 the splash of water
caused by throwing a stone into a
pool: bulab
ok, bulub
ok 18 a rustling
sound, e.g., of leaves, paper, cloth,
etc.: kalusk
os 19 the sound produced by the throat in swallowing:
lag
ok 20 the sound of the heart
beating when agitated: kab
og 21 a
snapping sound such as caused by
snapping the ngers: lagitik 22 the
cracking sound of a whip: lagitik,
haginit 23 a deep reverberating
sound such as the echo of thunder
or of a cannon: dagund
ong, kul
og
v. 1 to sound or cause to sound:
tumun
og, magpatun
og, patunugin,

spade

humihip, hipan 2 to make a sound

or noise: mag-ing
ay, umingay 3 to
make a whining sound: um
ugong,
humaginit, humagun
ot adj. 1 deep
(as a sleep): mahimbing, mal
alim 2
healthy, free from disease: malus
og,
mab
uti 3 free from injury, decay, or
defect: magaling, mab
uti, mah
usay,
wal
ang sira, wal
ang pins
ala,
ma
ayos, bu
o 4 strong, safe, secure:
matat
ag, matibay, segur
ado 5 right,
correct, reasonable, reliable: t
ama,
tump
ak, makatar
ungan
soup n. a liquid food made by
boiling meat, vegetables, sh, etc.:
s
opas, sab
aw
south n. the direction to your right
as you face the rising sun: timog,
sur adv/adj. 1 toward the south:
patim
og, pat
ungong timog 2 from
the south: g
aling sa timog, mul
a sa
timog
souvenir n. 1 a remembrance, something given for remembrance: ala
ala,
subenir 2 something kept as a remembrance: tagapagpagunit
a, tagapagpaala
ala
soy sauce n. 1 a Chinese and
Japanese sauce for sh made
from soybean: toyo 2 a Chinese/Japanese sauce for sh made
from soybean: t
oyo
space n. 1 unlimited room or
place extending in all directions:
kalaw
akan 2 limited place or room:
lug
ar, puw
ang 3 distance: agw
at,
l
ayo, dist
ansiya 4 a length of time:
tag
al, l
awig, lo
ob, panah
on v.
to x the space of, separate by
space, divide into space: maglag
ay
(lagy
an) ng pagitan (agw
at), pagaw
ang-awangin, pag-agw
at-agwatin,
paglay
u-layuin
spacious adj. 1 containing much
space, with plenty of room:
maluw
ang, malaki
2 spacious
rooms: mga kuwartong maluw
ang,
maaliw
alan
spade n. 1 a tool for digging, a kind

span

167

of shovel: p
ala 2 a kind of playing
card with a gure resembling a
heart: isp
ada v. to dig with a
spade: maghuk
ay (huk
ayin) ng p
ala,
magp
ala, pal
ahin
span n. 1 the distance between the
tip of a mans thumb and the tip
of his little nger when the hand is
spread out, about 9 inches: dangk
al
2 a short period of time: maikling
panah
on 3 the part between two
supports: balant
ok v. 1 to measure
by the hand spread out: dumangk
al,
dangkalin, madangk
al 2 to extend
over: bumagt
as sa ib
abaw
spank v. 1 to strike with the
open hand: sumamp
al, sampalin,
tumamp
al, tampalin 2 to strike the
buttocks with the open hand or
a slipper, etc.: pum
alo (mam
alo,
pal
uin) sa puwit, tumamp
al (tampalin) sa puwit
sparkle v. to shine, glitter, ash:
kumin
ang, mangin
ang, pakinangin,
kimisl
ap, mangisl
ap, pakislapin n.
a glitter: kisl
ap, kin
ang
spicy adj. 1 avored with spice:
mal
asa, masar
ap 2 like spice, lively,
keen: masigl
a, masay
a
spider n. a small animal with eight
legs and no wings: gagamb
a
spill v. 1 to let liquid or any matter
in loose pieces run or fall: magt
apon,
mat
apon, it
apon, magk
alat, ik
alat
2 to cause to ow: magpad
anak,
padan
akin,
magb
uhos,
ib
uhos,
magpa
agos, paag
usin 3 to fall or
cause to fall from a horse, carriage,
car, etc.: mah
ulog, magh
ulog, ih
ulog
spirit n. 1 a supernatural being:
espiritu 2 the soul: kaluluw
a 3 a
mans moral, religious, or emotional
nature: diwa 4 courage: t
apang,
katap
angan 5 vigor: lak
as 6 liveliness: sigl
a, kasiglah
an 7 state of
mind, disposition: damd
amin, lo
ob,
kalo
oban, kaloob
an, disposisy
on 8
person, personality: t
ao, personalid
ad 9 inuence that stirs up and

sponge

rouses: sigl
a, kasiglah
an 10 what
is really meant as opposed to what
is said or written: diwa, l
ayon,
lay
unin 11 a strong alcoholic liquor:
alak

spit v. 1 to throw out saliva from the

mouth: lumur
a, ilur
a, dumur
a,
idur
a 2 to throw out: magbug
a,
bumug
a, ibug
a 3 to run a spit
through, pierce: magt
uhog, it
uhog,
tuh
ugin n. 1 the liquid produced
in the mouth, saliva: lur
a, dur
a 2
a sharp-pointed, slender rod or bar
on which meat is roasted: duru
an,
tuhug
an
splash v. to dash liquid about:
mags
aboy, is
aboy, sab
uyan, tumilansik, tilansik
an, matilansik
an,
magwisik, wisik
an, mawisik
an
n. 1 a spot, patch: batik, pat
ak
2 a splashing: s
aboy, pags
aboy,
pagsas
aboy,
salp
ok,
pagsalp
ok,
wisik, pagwiwisik 3 spot splashed
upon a thing: s
aboy, tilansik 4 to
make a splash, to attract attention
or make excitement: magpasikat,
magmagil
as, gumilas
splendor n. 1 glory: luwalh
ati
2 pomp: dil
ag, karil
agan, ding
al,
karing
alan, rangy
a, karangya
an
3 great brightness, brilliance:
ningning, kaningning
an 4 elegance:
g
ara, kagar
aan, kisig, kakisigan,
dikit, karikt
an
splinter n. 1 a thin, sharp, piece
of wood: salubs
ob, suby
ang, tinik
2 a glass splinter: dur
og (bas
ag)
na salamin, b
ubog v. 1 to split
or break into splinters (as glass):
mad
urog 2 to split into thin, small
pieces: magtil
ad, matil
ad, tilarin
spoke n. one of the bars radiating
from the center of the wheel to the
rim: r
ayos ng gul
ong
sponge n. the light framework
of a sea animal used for soaking
up water in bathing or cleaning:
esp
ongha v. 1 to wipe or rub with
a sponge: pun
asan (kuskusin) ng

sponsor

168

esp
ongha 2 to live or prot at the
expense of another in a mean way:
magsamantal
a,
pagsamantalah
an,
humuth
ot, huthutin 3 to take a
sponge bath: magp
unas, magbany
os
4 to give a sponge bath: pun
asan,
banyus
an
sponsor n. 1 a person who is
responsible for another person or
things: ang may panuk
ala, ang
nagpanuk
ala 2 a person who takes
vows for an infant at baptism
or conrmation: ninong, padrino,
in
aama, ninang, madrina, iniina 3
a wedding sponsor: ninong o ninang
sa kas
al 4 a patron: tagatangkilik,
isp
onsor v. 1 to support, patronize: tumangkilik, tangkilikin,
magtag
uyod, itag
uyod 2 to be a
sponsor at baptism, conrmation
or marriage: mag-an
ak (anakin) sa
biny
ag, kumpil, o kas
al
spoon n. kuts
ara v. 1 to take
up in or with a spoon: kumuts
ara,
kutsar
ahin 2 to use a spoon:
magkuts
ara
sports n. 1 a game, play: lar
o
2 competitive play: p
alakasan,
p
aligsahan 3 fun, play, amusement:
lib
angan,
palilib
ang,
paglalar
o,
aliwan v. to play: maglar
o, laruin
spot n. 1 mark, stain, speck: batik,
mants
a, m
antsa 2 a small part unlike the rest: pat
ak 3 a place: d
ako,
lug
ar, po
ok 4 on the spot means (a)
at the very place: sa mismong lug
ar
(b) at once: ag
ad, madali adj.
ready, on hand: hand
a, nakahand
a,
h
awak, k
aliwaan v. 1 to become
spotted, have spots: magkamants
a,
mantsah
an, magkabatik, mabatik
an
2 to make spots on: magmants
a,
mantsah
an,
magbatik,
batik
an,
dumh
an 3 to hit the spot, to be just
right or satisfactory (coll.): t
amangt
ama 4 to be spotted may mean to
be recognized or seen: mamata
an,
mamanman
an, mamukha
an
sprain v. to injure a joint or mus-

sprinkle

cle by a sudden twist or wrench:

mapilay, mapil
ayan, mapuwersa
n. injury caused in this way: pilay,
pagkapuwersa
spread v. 1 to stretch out, open
out: um
unat, i
unat, magbuk
a, ibuk
a
2 to extend, lie: magl
atag, lum
atag,
il
atag, mal
atag, lat
agan 3 to cover
with a thin layer: magp
ahid, pahiran
4 to put on in a thin layer: ip
ahid
5 to scatter, distribute: magkal
at,
kum
alat,
ik
alat,
magpalag
anap,
lumag
anap, palagan
apin 6 to move
farther apart: magbuk
a, ibuk
a 7 to
set a table for a meal: maghand
a ng
mesa, ihand
a ang mesa, magh
ain
8 to spread oneself means to try
to make a good impression: magpasikat 9 to display ones abilities
fully: magpakita (magpam
alas) ng
kakayah
an 10 to brag: maghamb
og,
magmagaling 11 to spread something in the sun to dry, e.g., rice,
clothes, etc.: magbil
ad, ibil
ad n. 1
width: l
apad 2 extent: l
awak, sakl
aw
3 covering for a bed: kubrek
ama
4 covering for a table: mantel 5
something to spread on bread, etc.:
pam
ahid 6 food put on the table,
a feast: h
ain, pagk
aing nakah
ain,
hand
a, bangkete
spring v. 1 to leap or jump, rise or
move suddenly and lightly: lumuks
o,
luksuhin, lumund
ag, lundagin 2 to
y back or away: umigk
as, magbalik,
bumalik 3 to come from a source,
arise, grow: bumuk
al, magb
uhat 4 to
bend: humut
ok, mahut
ok, hutukin 5
to spring a leak, to crack and begin
to let water through: tag
asan n.
1 a leap or jump: luks
o, lund
ag 2
an elastic device that returns to its
original shape after being pulled or
held out of shape: paigk
as, muw
elye,
kuwerdas 3 the season after winter
when the plants begin to grow:
tagsib
ol 4 a small stream of water
coming from the earth: buk
al, b
atis
sprinkle v. 1 to scatter in drops or

sprout

169

tiny bits: mags

abog, sab
ugan, is
abog,
magkal
at, kal
atan, ik
alat 2 to spray
or cover with small drops: magdilig,
diligin, magwilig, wilig
an, magwisik,
wisik
an 3 to rain a little: umamb
on,
umamb
un-amb
on n. 1 a light rain:
amb
on 2 spraying with water: wilig,
pagwiwilig, dilig, pagdidilig, wisik,
pagwiwisik
sprout v. to begin to grow, shoot
forth: sumibol, sumib
ol, tum
ubo
n. a shoot of a plant: t
ubo, supling,
talb
os, usb
ong
spurious adj. not genuine, not
coming from the right source: hindi
t
unay, hindi toto
o, palsipik
ado,
huw
ad
sputum n. saliva, spit: l
away, lur
a,
dur
a
spy n. a person who keeps secret
watch on the actions of others:
espiya, espiy
a, ispiya, tiktik v.
1 to nd out or try to nd out
by careful observation: maniktik,
tiktik
an, mag-espiy
a, espiyah
an,
mag-ispiy
a, ispiyah
an 2 to keep
secret watch: man
ubok, sub
ukan,
sumubayb
ay
(subaybay
an)
nang
palihim, magmanm
an, manman
an
3 to catch sight of, see: makita,
makakita, mapansin, makapansin,
mamata
an 4 to spy out, to watch
or examine secretly or carefully:
magsiy
asat na (siyas
ating) mab
uti,
magmanm
ang mab
uti
square n. a gure with four equal
sides and four angles: parisuk
at,
kuwadr
ado v. to multiply (a
number) by itself: multiplikahin sa
sarili ang is
ang n
umero
squash v. 1 to crush, press until
at: pumipi, pipiin, pumis
a, pisain
2 to be crushed: mapipi, mayupi,
mapipis, mapis
a 3 to press until
soft: lumam
og, lamugin n. a kind
of large vegetable that grows on a
vine: kalab
asa
squeeze v. 1 to press hard by
putting on weight: umipit, ipitin,

stack

pipiin, pumipi, pipihin 2 to force by

pressing: pumig
a, pigain 3 to force
into place by pressure: magsiksik,
isiksik, siksikin, siksik
an 4 to crush,
crowd: magsiksikan 5 to force a
way: magsumiksik, makipagsiksikan,
sumiksik, maggumitgit, makipaggitgitan, gumitgit 6 to press with
the hand (or ngers): pumisil,
pisilin n. 1 a tight pressure: pisil
2 forcing out liquid by pressure:
pig
a, pagpig
a
squid n. sea animal like a cuttlesh:
pusit
stab n. 1 a thrust or blow made
with a pointed weapon: saks
ak,
pagsaks
ak, iwa, pag-iwa, ul
os,
pag-ul
os 2 a wound made by stabbing: saks
ak, t
arak, iwa, ul
os
v. 1 to pierce or wound with a
pointed weapon: sumaks
ak, manaks
ak, saksakin, umiwa, mang-iwa,
iw
aan, tum
arak, it
arak, tar
akan
2 to be wounded with a pointed
weapon: masaks
ak, matar
akan 3 to
wound sharply or deeply the feelings
of another: masug
atan (sug
atan)
nang l
abis ang p
uso (damd
amin),
papagdamdamin nang l
abis 4 to
pierce: bum
utas, but
asin, but
asan,
tumag
os, tagus
an
stable n. a building where horses or
cattle are kept and fed: kabalyerisa,
kuw
adra, silung
an ng kab
ayo o b
aka
v. to put or keep in a stable:
magkuw
adra, ikuw
adra adj. 1
rm, steady: matibay, matat
ag, di
mabuw
ay 2 not likely to move or
change: palagian, pirmihan, pirmi,
pirmi, matat
ag
stack n. 1 a large pile of hay, straw,
etc.: mandal
a 2 a pile of anything:
salans
an, bunt
on, talaks
an 3 a
chimney: pausuk
an, tsiminea v. 1
to pile hay, straw, etc., in a stack:
magmandal
a, imandal
a 2 to pile
or arrange in a stack: magtalaks
an,
italaks
an, magsalans
an, isalans
an,
magbunt
on, ibunt
on 3 to arrange

stadium

170

playing cards unfairly: sumap

ote
(manap
ote) ng bar
aha, saputihin
ang bar
aha
stadium n. a structure for athletic
games: ist
adyum
stage n. 1 a platform, a ooring:
platap
orma 2 a raised ooring in a
theater on which the actors perform:
entabl
ado 3 the theater, the drama,
actors profession: te
atro, tangh
alan
4 to be on the stage, to be an
actor or actress: artista 5 a scene
of action: lar
angan, tangh
alan 6
a stagecoach: karw
ahe 7 one step
or degree in a process, a period
of development: yugt
o, bait
ang,
hakb
ang v. 1 to present on the
stage: magtangh
al, itangh
al, magpalab
as, palabasin, ilab
as 2 (verbal
noun) staging, a presentation of:
pagtatangh
al, pagpapalab
as
stain n. 1 soil, spot: mants
a,
m
antsa, dumi, batik, bahid 2
a moral blemish: batik, d
ungis,
b
ahid v. 1 to soil, tarnish: magmants
a, magm
antsa, mantsah
an,
mamantsah
an
2
to
disgrace,
dishonor:
dum
ungis,
dungisan,

madungisan,
bumatik,
batik
an,
mabatik
an, manirang-p
uri, sir
aan
ng p
uri, sir
ain ang p
uri 3 to color:
magk
ulay, kul
ayan, makul
ayan
stairs n. 1 one of series of steps for
going from one level or oor to another: baitang 2 a set of such steps:
hagd
anan, hagd
an
stale adj. 1 not fresh: l
uma, d
ati,
la
on 2 referring to sh: bilas
a 3
for food that has become sour or
spoiled: sir
a, panis 4 for food,
wine, etc., that has lost its good
taste: lip
as, wal
a nang l
asa
stalk n. 1 stem of a plant: tangk
ay 2
any stemlike part: hawak
an, m
anggo
stall n. 1 a place in a stable for
one animal: pitak sa kabalyerisa
2 a small alotted place for selling
things: tind
ahan, puwesto 3 a pretext, especially as a means of delay:

stand

pagkukunwari(pagkukunw
a) u
pang
maab
ala (maatr
aso, mab
alam)
v. 1 to stop against ones wish:
humint
o, tumigil 2 to delay:
umab
ala,
abal
ahin,
umantal
a,
antalahin, umatr
aso, atras
uhin,
bum
alam, bal
amin
stamp n. 1 a postage stamp: selyo
2 a thing that puts a mark on:
pantat
ak, panat
ak, timbre 3 an
impression, mark: bak
as, tat
ak,
tand
a 4 the act of putting on
a postage stamp: pagseselyo 5 a
stamping of the foot or feet: pady
ak,
pagpady
ak, tar
ang, pagtar
ang, pagtatar
ang, dab
og, pagdab
og 6 act of
making an impression: pagtatat
ak
v. 1 to put a postage stamp on:
magselyo, selyuh
an, lagy
an ng selyo
2 to bring down ones foot with
force: tum
apak, tap
akan, yum
apak,
yap
akan 3 to stamp on the oor:
pumady
ak, padyak
an 4 to stamp
the feet rapidly and in succession:
tumar
ang, magtatar
ang, dumab
og
5 to make a mark on: magtat
ak,
tatak
an 6 to show to be of a certain
quality or character: magpakil
ala,
ipakil
ala, pagkakilanl
an
stand n. 1 a place where a person
stands,
position:
kinatatayu
an,
lug
ar, kinalalagy
an, puwesto 2
a place or xtures for a small
business: puwesto, munting (maliit
na) tind
ahan 3 a way of thinking:
paninindigan 4 a raised place where
people may stand or sit: tay
uan,
tunt
ungan, platap
orma, entabl
ado 5
something to put or hang things on,
e.g., a hat, raincoat, etc.: sabit
an
v. 1 to be on ones feet: tumay
o,
tumindig 2 to be in a certain
place, rank, scale, etc.: malag
ay,
lumag
ay 3 to rise to ones feet:
tumay
o, tumindig 4 to set upright:
magtindig, itindig, magtay
o, itay
o
5 to stay in place, last: tumag
al,
magtag
al, makatag
al, matagal
an,
manatili, mamal
agi 6 to bear, en-

star

171

dure: magtiis, matiis, mapagtiis

an,
tiisin, makatag
al, matagal
an 7 to
be unchanged, hold good, remain
the same: di (hindi) magb
ago,
manatili, mamal
agi, manatiling
may bisa 8 to take a way of
thinking or acting: manindigan,
panindig
an 9 to stand by means
(a) to be near: n
asa mal
apit, huw
ag
lumay
o (umalis) (b) to side with,
help: tum
ulong, tul
ungan, kumampi,
kampih
an, pum
anig, panigan 10 to
stand for means (a) to represent:
kumataw
an, katawanin (b) to be
on the side of, take the part of,
uphold: manindigan, panindig
an
panindig
anan, manindig 11 to stand
out means (a) to project: lumit
aw,
lumab
as, umusli, um
ungos (b) to
be noticeable or prominent: makita,
lumant
ad, mahalat
a, mapansin,
lumit
aw (c) to refuse to yield:
magmatig
as, manindigan 12 to
stand up for, to take the part of,
defend, support: magtangg
ol, ipagtangg
ol, tumangkilik, tangkilikin 13
it can stand over, it can wait until
another time: makapaghihint
ay,
maipaghihint
ay, maipagpapaliban
star n. 1 a heavenly body: bituin,
bit
uin, t
ala 2 a person having
brilliant qualities, a famous singer,
actor, etc.: artista, bant
og na artista,
bituin sa pinil
akang-t
abing (puting
tabing) 3 a gure having usually
ve points, sometimes six: estrelya
adj. leading: pangunahin v. 1
to be a leading performer: guman
ap
ng pangun
ahing papel, lumab
as sa
pangun
ahing papel 2 born under
a lucky star, fortunate: map
alad,
masuwerte
starch n. 1 a white, tasteless food
substance: maputi at wal
ang l
asang
sust
ansiya ng pagk
ain, ist
arch 2 a
substance used to stien clothes:
almir
ol, gawg
aw v. to stien
clothes with starch: mag-almir
ol,
almirul
an

station

stare n. a xed look with the

eyes wide open: titig, pagkakatitig,
dilat, pagkakadilat v. 1 to look
directly with the eyes wide open:
tumitig, titigan, mapatitig, ititig,
dumilat,
mandilat,
pandil
atan,
mapadilat, dil
atan 2 to gape like
a fool: tumang
a, matang
a, mapatang
a, tumung
anga, matung
anga,
mapatung
anga
start n. 1 a beginning: simul
a,
pasimul
a, pagsisimul
a, umpis
a,
pag-uumpis
a 2 a beginning to
move, act,etc.: kilos, pagkilos 3 a
beginning to go on: l
akad, pagl
akad
4 a setting in motion: pagpapakilos,
pagpapal
akad 5 a beginning ahead
of others: pag-
una, pagpapa
una,
pagkaka
una 6 a sudden, jerking
movement: pagkabigl
a, pagkag
ulat
v. 1 to begin to move (on):
lum
akad, palak
arin 2 to begin
to act: mag-umpis
a, umpisah
an,
magsimul
a, simul
an, pasimul
an 3
to get others to begin something:
papagsimulain,
papag-umpisahin
4 to set in motion, as a motor:
magpaand
ar, paandarin 5 to move
suddenly: mabigl
a, mabigla
anan 6
to rouse: bumul
ahaw, mabul
ahaw,
bulah
awin
statement n. 1 something stated,
account, report: u
lat, pah
ayag 2
something said: s
abi, sin
abi 3 stating, manner of stating something:
pagpapah
ayag, paglal
ahad 4 summary of an account showing amount
owed: kuwenta ng pagkaka
utang
station n. 1 a place to stand in:
puwesto, lug
ar 2 a building or
place used for a regular stopping
place: himpilan, istasy
on 3 a place
for sending or receiving messages,
programs, etc., by radio: istasy
on
4 a social position, rank: lag
ay,
kalag
ayan, tay
o, katay
uan 5 a
place of assignment: destino v. 1
to place: tumay
o, itay
o, tay
uan,
lumag
ay, ilag
ay, lagy
an 2 to assign

statue

172

or be assigned to a certain station:

magdestino, madestino, idestino,
magtalag
a, matalag
a, italag
a
statue n. the image of a person
or animal carved, cast or molded:
reb
ulto, ist
atuwa, bant
ayog
stay n. 1 a staying, stop, time spent:
pagtigil, pamamal
agi, pagtir
a 2 a
support, prop, brace: t
ukod, s
uhay,
sustento, tagasustento, tagatust
os
ng ikinabub
uhay v. 1 to continue
to be as indicated: manatili 2 to
remain: manatili, matir
a, tumir
a,
magpaiwan 3 to live for a while,
dwell: tumir
a, manir
ahan 4 to hold
back, delay: bumimbin, bimbinin,
pumigil, pigilin
steal v. 1 to take something that
does not belong to one, take dishonestly:
magn
akaw,
nak
awin,
mang
upit, kum
upit, kupitin 2 to
take, get, or do secretly: mang-umit,
umitin 3 to take by art, charm,
etc.: mang-
akit, um
akit, akitin,
ma
akit, mabigh
ani, bighaniin 4
to move secretly or quietly: tumalilis nang panak
aw, panak
aw na
tumalilis, umalis nang panak
aw,
duma
an na p
arang wal
ang an
oman
n. 1 act of stealing (coll): pagnan
akaw, pagkakan
akaw, nakaw
an,
pangung
upit, pang-uumit 2 things
stolen (coll): ang mga nin
akaw
(n
akaw)
steam n. water in form of vapor or
gas: sing
aw v. 1 to change into
steam: magpasing
aw, pasingawin 2
to give o steam: suming
aw 3 to
cook, soften or freshen by steam:
pasingaw
an
steam-roller n. pis
on v. to
crush (coll.): dum
urog, dur
ugin,
sumag
asa, sagas
ain, sagas
aan
stem n. 1 the main part of a
plant above the ground which
supports the other parts: kataw
an
2 the part of a ower, fruit or
leaf that joins it to the plant or
tree: tangk
ay 3 anything like the

stick

stem of a plant: m
anggo, hawak
an,
tangk
ay 4 the root of a word:
ug
at ng salit
a v. 1 to stop,
to check, to dam up: umamp
at,
ampatin, sumugp
o,sugpuin, magpatigil, patigilin 2 to stem from, to
come from: magmul
a, pagmul
an,
mangg
aling, panggalingan
stench n. a very bad smell: b
aho,
aling
asaw,
malans
ang
am
oy,
masam
ang am
oy
step n. 1 one motion of the leg in
walking, running, or dancing, etc.:
hakb
ang, hagp
ang 2 the distance
covered by one such motion: hakb
ang
3 a way of stepping: paghakb
ang,
hakb
ang, paghagp
ang, hagp
ang 4
step for dancing: hakb
ang, hagp
ang
5 the place for the foot in going
up or coming down: bait
ang 6 the
sound made by putting the foot
down: yab
ag 7 a degree in a scale,
a grade in rank: ant
as, gr
ado 8 an
action: pagkilos, hakb
ang, pasiy
a
9 footprint: bak
as ng pa
a v. 1
to measure o by taking steps:
hakbangin 2 to move the legs as
in walking, running, dancing, etc.:
humakb
ang, ihakb
ang, humagp
ang,
ihagp
ang 3 to put the foot down:
tum
apak,
tap
akan,
matap
akan,
yum
apak, yap
akan, mayap
akan 4
to step aside: tumabi 5 to step
back: um
urong 6 to step in, to get
inside: pum
asok 7 to step out, to
get out: lumab
as 8 to keep step, to
make ones steps t those of another
person: sumab
ay sa hakb
ang, isab
ay
ang hakb
ang, sabay
an ng hakb
ang
stew n. 1 a food cooked by slow boiling: nil
aga 2 a stew with plenty of
water and condiment: sinig
ang v.
to cook by slow boiling: magl
aga,
il
aga
stick n. 1 a long, thin piece of
wood: k
ahoy 2 a piece of split
bamboo: patp
at 3 a walking stick:
bast
on, tungk
od 4 a stick used to
beat another: bamb
o, pambamb
o,

sticky

173

bat
uta bat
on v. 1 to stab, to
pierce with a pointed instrument:
tum
usok, magt
usok, it
usok, tus
ukin,
magd
uro, id
uro, dum
uro, dur
uin
2 to fasten, to attach: magdikit,
idikit, dikit
an 3 to become fastened: dumikit, madikit, magkadikit,
kum
apit 4 to keep on, to hold fast:
manatili, panatilihin, mamal
agi,
pamalagiin, magpat
uloy, ipagpat
uloy
5 to stick out: umusli, pausliin,
iusli, lumab
as, palabasin, ilab
as,
maglawit, ilawit
sticky adj. that sticks: malagkit,
madikit
still adj. without motion, without
noise, quiet: tahimik, payap
a,
wal
ang ingay, wal
ang kib
o, di
kumikilos v. 1 to make quiet:
magpatahimik, patahimikin 2 to
stop or cause to stop: tumigil, magpatigil, patigilin, humint
o, ihint
o,
pahintuin adv. 1 even to this
time, even to that time: hangg
ang
ngay
on, k
ahit ngay
on, k
ahit no
on
2 even, yet: pa, pa rin, l
alo pa 3
conj. and yet, but yet, nevertheless:
gayunm
an, sub
alit, datapw
at
stocking n. a close-tting knitted
covering for the foot and leg: medyas
stomach n. 1 the most important
part of the body for receiving and
digesting food: sikm
ura 2 the part
of the body containing the stomach:
tiy
an 3 lower part of abdomen:
pus
on v. to bear, to endure,
to put up with: magtiis, matiis,
tiisin, mabat
a, batahin, matagal
an,
mak
ain
stone n. 1 a hard mineral matter which is not a metal, rock,
piece of rock: bat
o 2 a gem, jewel:
mahalag
ang bat
o, hiy
as na bat
o,
brily
ante 3 a hard seed: but
o 4
something hard and rounded like a
stone which sometimes forms in the
kidneys or gall bladder: bat
o v. to
throw stones at: bumat
o, batuhin,
hum
agis (magh
agis, hagisan) ng

storekeeper

bat
o, pumuk
ol (pukulin) ng bat
o
stool n. 1 a seat without back or
arm: bangkito 2 feces: dumi (ng tao)
stooped adj.
round-shouldered:
huk
ot, buk
ot, ukl
o
stop n. 1 the place where a
stay is made: tigil
an, paradah
an,
himpilan, hint
uan 2 a punctuation
mark: tuld
ok, punt
o, p
unto 3 a
brief stop: hint
o, paghint
o, tigil,
pagtigil 4 a hindering, a checking: pagpigil, pagkapigil v. 1 to
keep from moving, doing, being,
working, etc.: pumigil, pigilan,
pigilin, magpahint
o, pahintuin,
magpatigil,
patigilin,
sumaw
ay,
sawayin, sumaw
ata, sawat
ain 2 to
close a hole or opening by lling
it: magp
asak, pas
akan 3 to put an
end to: magpatigil, patigilin, itigil,
magpahint
o, pahintu
an, ipahint
o 4
to come to an end, to cease, to leave
o moving, acting, doing, being,
etc.: tumigil, humint
o, tum
ahan,
magwak
as, mat
apos 5 to stay:
tumigil, humimpil, humint
o 6 to
stop a babys crying: magpat
ahan,
patah
anin 7 to stop bleeding (to
cause it to stop): umamp
at, ampatin
8 to stop or check re, sickness,
plague, etc: umap
ula, apul
ain,
sumugp
o, masugp
o, sugpuin
stopper n. a plug or cork for closing
a bottle or tube, etc.: tap
on, p
asak,
pam
asak, pansar
a
store n. 1 a shop: tind
ahan 2 a supply, stock, something put away for
use later: tingg
al, pan
ustos, reserba
3 a place where supplies are kept for
future use, a storehouse: kam
alig,
tingg
alan v. to put away for
use later,to lay up: magtingg
al, itingg
al, mag-imb
ak, imbakin, iimb
ak,
magt
ago, it
ago, magtabi, itabi
adj. in store, on hand, saved for
the future: nakahand
a, nakat
ago,
nakatingg
al, nakaimb
ak
storekeeper n. 1 a person who
has charge of a store or stores:

story

174

magtitind
a,
tindera,
tindero,
nagtitind
a 2 the owner of a store:
ang may-
ari ng tind
ahan
story n. 1 an account of some
happening or group of happenings:
kuwento, salays
ay, pagsasalays
ay,
ist
orya, bida 2 such an account,
either true or madeup, intended
to interest the reader or hearer:
salays
ay, kuwento, kath
a, ist
orya
3 a falsehood: kasinungalingan,
katakat
a, kabula
anan 4 the set of
rooms on the same level or oor
of a building: palap
ag, piso 5 to
tell a story, to give an account
of some happening: magkuwento,
ikuwento, kuwentuh
an, magsalays
ay,
isalays
ay, salaysay
an, magbid
a,
ibida
stout adj. 1 fat and large: matab
a
2 rm, strong, strongly built:
matibay, matat
ag 3 brave, bold:
mat
apang, mapus
ok
stove n. an appraratus for cooking
and heating: kal
an
straight adj. 1 withouth bend or
curve: tuwid, matuwid 2 frank,
honest upright: matwid, matuwid,
tap
at, matap
at, tump
ak, pr
angko-a
adv. 1 directly: diretso, tuwiran,
tul
uy-tul
oy 2 frankly, honestly:
matap
at, tap
atan 3 in the proper
condition or order: nang ma
ayos
strainer n. a thing that strains:
sala
an, pan
ala
strangle v. 1 to kill by squeezing the
throat to stop the breath: sumak
al,
sakalin, bumigti, bigtihin 2 to
choke: sumak
al, sakalin, bumigti,

bigtihin 3 to be choked: masak

al,
mabigti 4 to suppress, to keep back,
to choke down: magpigil, pumigil,
pigilin, sumugp
o, sugpuin
straw n. 1 the stalks or stems of
grain after drying and threshing:
day
ami, balangg
ot 2 a straw for
drinking through: istr
o, panghithit
strawberry n. small, juicy, red
fruit: presa, istr
oberi

stretch

stray n. a wanderer, lost animal:

kawal
ang (lig
aw na) h
ayop v.
1 to wander, to roam: gum
ala,
magpag
ala-g
ala, lum
aboy, magpal
abuy-l
aboy 2 to lose ones way:
malig
aw, maw
ala 3 to get out
of the way: lumihis, malihis
adj. 1 wandering, lost: pag
alag
ala, pal
aboy, nawawal
a, lig
aw
2 scattered here and there: kal
at,
kal
at-kal
at, nagkal
at, nakak
alat,
lay
u-lay
o, hiw
a- hiwal
ay
stream n. 1 ow of liquid, running
water:
agos, d
aloy 2 a large brook, a
small river: s
apa 3 any steady ow:
agos, d

aloy adv. 1 up stream,

against the current of the water:
k
ontra sa a
gos, pasalung
at sa a
gos,
salung
at sa a
gos 2 down stream,
with the current: kas
ama ng a
gos,
paay
on sa a
gos, sun
od sa a
gos v.
1 to ow: um
agos, dum
aloy, tum
ulo
2 to pour out: dum
anak 3 to be so
wet as to drip in a stream: tum
ulo
4 to oat or wave: wumagayw
ay
street n. a road in a city or town,
usually with buildings on both sides:
k
alye, da
an, lans
angan
stretch v. 1 to draw out, to extend:
magbuk
a, ibuk
a, mag-
unat, i
unat,
magb
anat, ban
atin 2 to extend ones
body or limbs: mag-in
at, uminat,
dumip
a, idip
a 3 to reach out, to
hold out: mag-ab
ot, umab
ot, iab
ot,
abutin,
dumukw
ang,
idukw
ang,
dukwangin 4 to draw tight, to
strain: magb
anat, mab
anat, ban
atin
5 to draw out to greater length or
size: bum
anat, mab
anat, ban
atin,
hum
atak, mah
atak, hat
akin 6 to
continue over a distance, to extend
from one place to another, to ll
space, to spread: umab
ot, paabutin
7 to stretch the arm in order
to get something: dumukw
ang 8
to exaggerate (coll.): magpal
abis,
palabisin, magpas
obra, pas
obrahin 9
to enlarge: magpalaki, palakihin n.
1 unbroken length: h
aba, kahab
aan

strew

175

2 extent: l
awak, kalaw
akan, l
apad,
kalap
aran
strew v. 1 to scatter, to sprinkle:
mags
abog, sab
ugan, is
abog 2 to
cover or be covered with something
scattered: magbudb
od, budbur
an,
ibudb
od, magk
alat, ik
alat, kal
atan
strike v. 1 to hit, to beat: manghamp
as,
humamp
as,
hampasin,
ihamp
as, pum
alo, mam
alo, pal
uin,
ip
alo 2 to hit with the st:
sumunt
ok, suntukin 3 to set on re
by hitting or rubbing: magkiskis,
kiskisin, ikiskis 4 to inuence, to
overcome (by death, disease, suering, terror, fear, etc.): makadam
a,
madam
a, makaramd
am, maramdam
an, talab
an, tabl
an, dap
uan,
matam
aan 5 to impress: magpalag
ay, ipalag
ay, magkint
al, ikint
al
6 to sound: tumun
og, tumugt
og
7 to stop work to get better pay
or better working condition, etc:
mag-akl
as, umakl
as, pag-aklas
an,
magwelga, pagwelgah
an 8 to nd
or come upon ore, oil, water, etc.:
makatukl
as, matuklas
an, makakita,
makita, makatagp
o, matagpu
an 9
to strike up, to begin: magsimul
a,
simul
an, mag-umpis
a, umpisah
an
10 to strike out means (a) to cross
out, to rub out: bumur
a, burahin,

mag-alis, alisin (b) to fail to hit

three times in baseball: maa
ut,
uma
ut, autin n. 1 the act or fact
of stopping work to get more pay,
shorter hours, etc.: welga, akl
asan
2 a blow: hamp
as, p
alo, sunt
ok
3 a hit in baseball: istr
ayk 4 the
act of hitting: pagp
alo, paghamp
as,
pagsunt
ok
string n. 1 a thick thread, small
cord: pisi, t
ali, pan
ali, leteng 2
such a thread with things on it:
kwint
as 3 a special cord for musical
instruments: kuwerdas, bagting 4
anything used for tying: t
ali, pan
ali
5 a number of things in a line or
row: hilera, pila, linya, h
anay v.

stu

1 to put on a string: magt

uhog,
tuh
ugin 2 to furnish with strings:
magbagting, bagting
an 3 to remove
strings from: maghim
ay, himayin,
magsung
ot, sungut
an 4 to tie with
a string: magt
ali, it
ali, talian 5 to
provide a musical instrument with
strings: magkuwerdas, kuwerdasan
strive v. 1 to try hard, to work
apan,
hard: magsumikap, pagsumik
magsikap, pagsik
apan, magpunyagi,
pagpunyagi
an 2 to struggle: magpumilit, pagpumilitan, pagpilitan,
magpakahirap, pagkahir
apan
stroll n. a leisurely walk: pasy
al,
pamamasy
al, paglalak
ad-lak
ad v.
to walk, to take a quiet walk for
pleasure: magpasy
al-pasy
al, mamasy
al, magpasy
al, maglak
ad-lak
ad,
lum
akad-l
akad
strong adj. 1 having much force,
power, etc.: malak
as 2 physically
strong: malak
as, malus
og 3 materially strong: matibay, matat
ag 4
morally strong: matibay, matap
at
5 powerful: makapangyarihan 6
concentrated: mat
apang
student n. 1 a person who studies:
mag-aar
al, estudy
ante, iskuwela 2
one who is fond of or devoted to
study: pal
a-ar
al
study n. 1 eort to learn by reading
or thinking: pag-a
aral 2 a room to
study in: silid-aral
an 3 investigation, careful examination: pagusuri,
pagsisiy
asat v. 1 to think out,
plan, consider with care: magisip, pag-isipan, isipin, mag-
aral,
pag-ar
alan 2 to examine, consider
carefully: magsuri, suriin
stu n. 1 material, what a thing
is made of: matery
ales, g
amit,
kagamit
an, sangk
ap, panangk
ap 2
worthless material, useless things:
ab
ubot, bas
ura, wal
ang halag
ang
(kuwentang) b
agay v. 1 to ll, to
pack full: maglam
an, palaman
an,
palamn
an, ipalam
an, magpun
o,
punuin,
magpalo
ob,
paloob
an,

stumble

176

ipalo
ob, siksik
an 2 to ll (a chicken,
turkey, etc.) with seasoned bread
crumbs, etc.: magrilyeno, rilyenuhin
3 to ll the skin of a dead animal
to make it look as it did when alive:
magp
asak, pas
akan, magpalam
an,
palamn
an 4 to stop up, to block,
to choke up: magbar
a, barah
an,
magp
asak,
pas
akan,
magt
ako,
tak
uhan, magsupalp
al, supalpal
an
stumble v. 1 to trip by striking the
foot against something: matisod,
matapil
ok 2 to walk unsteadily:
sum
uray-s
uray, magpas
uray-s
uray,
magpah
apay-h
apay, hum
apay-h
apay
3 to fall in walking or running:
madap
a (marap
a), maparap
a 4 to
speak or act, in a clumsy or hesitating way: umut
al-ut
al, umunt
ul-unt
ol
5 to come upon or nd by accident or chance: makasump
ong,
masumpung
an, makatukl
as, matuklas
an, makatagp
o, matagpu
an 6
to make a mistake, to do wrong:
magk
amali, magkas
ala
stun v. 1 to make senseless:
magpawal
ang-m
alay, makawal
angm
alay, mawal
ang-m
alay 2 to daze:
matulig, makatulig, tuligin, mahilo,
makahilo, hil
uhin 3 to confuse:
makalit
o,
lituhin,
makatarant
a,
tarantahin 4 to be confused:
malit
o, matarant
a 5 to be shocked:
masind
ak, mangil
abot
stun v. 1 to make senseless:
magpawal
ang-m
alay, makawal
angm
alay, mawal
ang-m
alay 2 to daze:
matulig, makatulig, tuligin, mahilo,
makahilo, hil
uhin 3 to confuse:
makalit
o,
lituhin,
makatarant
a,
tarantahin 4 to be confused:
malit
o, matarant
a 5 to be shocked:
masind
ak, mangil
abot
stupefy v. to make stupid, dull,
or senseless: makatulir
o, matulir
o,
makawal
a ng m
alay
stupid adj. 1 dull, not intelligent:
tang
a, gungg
ong, hang
al, est
upido,
g
ago/a, ung
as 2 not interesting, ab-

suer

surd, unreasonable: wal

ang kuwenta,
wal
ang says
ay, nakababag
ot
sturdy adj. 1 physically strong,
stout: malak
as, matipun
o 2 rm,
not yielding: matibay, matig
as,
matat
ag
stutter v. to repeat the same sound
in an eort to speak: umut
al-ut
al,
maut
al, magsalit
a nang paut
al-ut
al
style n. 1 fashion: u
so, m
oda 2
a manner, method, or way of
speaking, writing, doing, building, etc.: para
an, pamamara
an,
istilo, estilo v. to name, to
call: tum
awag, taw
agin, it
awag,
magtaguri, taguri
an, itaguri
stylish adj. having style, fashionable: pustury
oso/a, sun
od (
ayon) sa
m
oda, makab
ago
subjugate v. 1 to subdue, to
conquer: lum
upig, lupigin, sum
upil,
supilin, gumahis, gahisin 2 to
be able to subdue (be subdued):
mal
upig, magahis, mas
upil
submarine n. a boat that can go under water: sumarino
submerge v. 1 to put under water: maglub
og, ilub
og, palubugin,
maglubl
ob, ilubl
ob 2 to sink under
water: lumub
og, palubugin, sumisid,
pasisirin
submerged adj.
covered
with
water: lub
og
succor n. help: sakl
olo, t
ulong
v. to help, to aid: sumakl
olo,
saklol
ohan, tum
ulong, tul
ungan
sudden adj. 1 not expected: bigl
a,
bigl
aan, di inaas
ahan 2 quick, rapid:
bigl
a, mabilis, kagy
at 3 all of a
sudden, unexpectedly or quickly:
wal
ang an
u-an
o, kagins
a-ginsa,
bigl
ang-bigl
a
suer v. 1 to have pain, grief, etc.:
magd
usa,
pagdus
ahan,
magtiis,
pagtiis
an 2 to feel, to experience,
to endure: magd
anas, dum
anas,
dan
asin, magtiis, tiisin, magbat
a,
batahin (bathin) 3 to experience
harm, loss, etc.: mal
asin, samain,

suering

177

ab
utin ng m
alas (sam
a) 4 to
allow, to permit: pum
ayag, pay
agan,
bay
aan, pabay
aan, hay
aan, tul
utan,
it
ulot, pahintul
utan
suering n. pain: sakit, s
akit,
pagpapakas
akit, d
usa, pagdur
usa,
hirap, paghihirap, kahir
apan, tiisin,
pagtitiis
sucient adj. 1 enough, as much
as is needed: sap
at, k
asiya, hust
o,
h
usto 2 competent, able (old use):
may k
aya, may kakayah
an
sugar n. a sweet substance made
from sugar cane or sugar beet:
as
ukal, matamis
sugar cane n. tub
o
suggest v. 1 to bring a thought,
plan, idea, etc., to a persons mind:
magmungk
ahi, imungk
ahi 2 to
show in an indirect way, hint:
magpahiw
atig, ipahiw
atig
suit n. 1 a set of clothes: terno
2 a case in a law court: sakd
al,
pagsasakd
al, usapin, habl
a, paghahabl
a, dem
anda, pagdedem
anda 3
a request, asking: paki
usap, hiling,
kahilingan 4 a wooing: pangingibig,
panliligaw, panun
uyo v. 1 to make
t, to make suitable: mag-angk
op,
iangk
op,
angkup
an,
magb
agay,
ib
agay, bag
ayan, mag-akm
a, iakm
a
2 to be suitable, to be agreeable:
mab
agay, maangk
op, maakm
a 3
to agree with: bum
agay, mab
agay,
bag
ayan, mahiy
ang 4 to be becoming: bum
agay, bag
ayan 5 to please,
to be convenient for, to satisfy:
makib
agay, pakibag
ayan, magbig
aykasiy
ahan, bigy
ang-kasiy
ahan
suitcase n. a at, rectangular traveling bag: maleta
sulk v. to be sulky: magtamp
o, magmakt
ol
sullen adj. 1 silent because of ill
humor: nagmamakt
ol, masam
a ang
lo
ob, nagtatamp
o 2 gloomy, dismal:
madilim, kulimlim, mapangl
aw,
malungk
ot
sum n. 1 the total of two or more

support

numbers or things taken together,

the whole: s
uma, kabuu
an, tot
al
2 amount of money: halag
a 3 to
sum up, to express or tell briey:
magbu
o, buuin, sabihin (ipah
ayag)
sa il
ang pananalit
a (katag
a)
summer n. the warmest season
of the year: tag-ar
aw, tag-
araw,
tag-init, tag-init v. to spend the
summer: magpara
an ng tag-ar
aw
(tag-init), paraanin ang tag-ar
aw
(tag-init)
sumptuous adj. costly, magnicent, rich: marangy
a, maring
al,
masag
ana
sun n. 1 the brightest object in
the sky:
araw 2 any heavenly body
like the sun:
araw 3 the light
and warmth of the sun: ang sikat
(liw
anag) at init ng
araw v. to
put in the light and warmth of
the sun: magpa-
araw, paar
awan,
magpainit (painitin, painitan) sa
araw, magbil

ad (ibil
ad) sa a
raw
Sunday n. the rst day of the week:
Lingg
o, Domingo
sunken adj. 1 sunk: lub
og 2 situated
below the general level: mab
aba 3
hollow: hump
ak, lub
og
sunrise n. the rising of the sun:
pagsikat ng
araw
sunset n. the going down of the sun:
paglub
og ng
araw
superiority n. a superior state
or quality: higit na kagalingan
(kahus
ayan), kahigt
an (kata
asan )
ng u
ri
supper n.
the
evening meal:
hap
unan
supplement n. something added
to complete a thing or to make
it larger or better: suplemento,
dagd
ag, karagd
agan, kapupun
an v.
to add to, to complete: makaragd
ag,
magdagd
ag, dagdag
an, makahust
o,
maghust
o, hustuhin
support v. 1 to hold up,to keep
from falling: magt
ukod, tuk
uran,
mag-al
alay,
umal
alay,
alal
ayan

sure

178

2 to prop: mags
uhay, suh
ayan
3 to keep up, to help, to give
strength or courage to: magtag
uyod,
itag
uyod, tum
ulong, tul
ungan 4 to
provide for: magtust
os, tustus
an,
magsustento, sustentuh
an 5 to be
in favor of, to back up, to second:
kum
atig,
katigan,
magtag
uyod,
itag
uyod 6 to help prove, to bear
out: magpat
unay, patun
ayan, magpatoto
o, patotoh
anan n. 1 the
act of supporting, condition of
being supported, help, aid: t
ulong,
pagt
ulong, tag
uyod, pagtatag
uyod,
tust
os,
pagtust
os,
pagtutust
os,
sustento, pagsustento, pagsusustento
2 a person or thing that supports:
tagatag
uyod, tagak
atig, tagasustento,
tagatust
os 3 a prop: t
ukod, s
uhay
sure adj. 1 certain, free from doubt:
tiy
ak, piho, pih
ado, sigur
ado 2
safe, reliable: maaas
ahan, sigur
ado,
tap
at, mapagtitiwal
aan 3 rm:
matat
ag adv. 1 surely, certainly
(American colloquialism): sigur
ado,
tiy
ak, nakatitiy
ak 2 to be sure may
sometimes mean certainly: tiy
ak,
sigur
ado, pih
ado 3 to make sure,
to be certain: tumiy
ak, tiyakin,
magsigur
o, sigur
uhin, sigurad
uhin,
pumiho, pih
uhin
surety n. 1 a certainty against
loss or damage: panag
ot, garantiy
a,
garantiya 2 a person who agrees
to be responsible for another:
tagapanag
ot,
ang
panananag
ot,
piyad
or
surgery n. the treating of diseases, injuries, etc. by operations:
pag-oper
a, pag-ooper
a, pagtistis,
pagtitistis, siruhiya
surpass v. 1 to do better than, to be
better than: dumaig, madaig, daigin,
humigit,
makahigit,
mahigt
an,
higt
an 2 to be more than, to
exceed, to be too much or too
great
for:
lum
alo, makal
alo,
lal
uan, lumamp
as, malampas
an,
makalamp
as, lampas
an, humigit,

suspicion

makahigit, mahigt
an, higt
an
surplus n. amount over and above
what is needed, extra quantity
left over, excess: l
abis, s
obra, labi,
natir
a, tir
a adj. more than is
needed: l
abis, kalabis
an, s
obra, labi
surprise n. 1 a feeling caused
by something unexpected: g
ulat,
pagkag
ulat, mangh
a, pagkamangh
a,
gitl
a, pagkagitl
a, pagkabigl
a, tak
a,
pagtatak
a 2 something unexpected:
sorpresa adj. surprising, that is
not expected: di akal
ain, bigl
aan,
di inaas
ahan v. 1 to catch unprepared, to come upon suddenly:
bumigl
a, biglain 2 to astonish:
mangg
ulat, gum
ulat, gul
atin 3 to
be or become astonished: mag
ulat,
magtak
a, mabigl
a, magitl
a
surround v. 1 to shut in on all sides,
to be aground, to extend around:
pumaligid, paligiran, maligid, kumul
ong, kulungin, makul
ong 2 to
besiege by encircling: pumikot,
pik
utin,
kumubk
ob,
makubk
ob,
kubkubin
surroundings n.
surrounding
things, conditions, etc.: palibot,
paligid, kapaligir
an, kapaligiran,
mga paligid
suspend v. 1 to hang down by
attaching to something above:
magbitin,
ibitin,
magpalawit,
palawitin, ilawit 2 to stop or
cause to stop for a while: magpatigil, itigil, patigilin, magpahint
o,
pahintuin,
ihint
o,
sumans
ala,
sansal
ain, pumigil, pigilin, ipahing
a,
bumimbin, bimbinin 3 to remove
or exclude for a while from some
privilege or job: magsuspinde,
suspindihin, isuspinde, pumigil,
pigilin 4 to keep undecided, put o:
bumimbin, bimbinin, magpaliban,
ipagpaliban
suspenders n. 1 straps worn
over the shoulders to hold up the
trousers: tir
ante 2 elastic band to
hold up socks or stockings: ligas

swallow

179

suspicion n. 1 suspecting, the

state of mind of one who suspects:
hin
ala, paghihin
ala, sapant
aha,
pagsasapant
aha, bint
ang, pagbibint
ang 2 a very small amount:
bahagy
a, katiting, karamp
ot 3 a
suggestion, hint: pahiw
atig 4 a
doubt: pangamb
a, alinl
angan, pagaalinl
angan 5 a being suspected:
pinaghihinal
aan, pinagbibintang
an
swallow v. 1 to take into the
stomach through the throat: lumun
ok, lunukin, lumul
on, lulunin
2 to take in, to absorb: lumul
on,
malul
on, lulunin, lumun
ok, lunukin,
sumakm
al,
sakmalin,
tum
abon,
matab
unan 3 to believe too easily,
to accept without question or
suspicion: maniw
ala ag
ad, paniwal
aan ag
ad 4 to put up with,
to take meekly, to accept without
opposing or resisting: tumangg
ap,
tanggapin, magtiis, matiis, tiisin,
malul
on 5 to take back: bum
awi,
bawiin 6 to keep back, to keep
from expressing: maglihim, ilihim,
magtimpi, timpiin, magpigil, pigilin
n. swallowing: lun
ok, paglun
ok,
lul
on, paglul
on
swamp n. wet, soft, land: l
ati,
latian v. 1 to plunge or sink
in a swamp or in water: lumub
og,
malub
og 2 to overwhelm as a ood
would, to make helpless: bumah
a,
bahain, baha
an, dumags
a, dagsa
an
swan n. a kind of water bird: sisne
sweat v. 1 to give out moisture
through the pores of the skin:
magp
awis, pawisan, pagpawisan 2
to cause to sweat: magpap
awis,
papagpawisin, papawisin 3 to cause
to work hard and under bad conditions: magpahirap, pahir
apan n.
the moisture coming through the
skin: p
awis
sweater n. a knitted jacket usually
of wool: suwiter, sweter
sweep v. 1 to clean or clear a
oor, etc. with a broom, to brush:

swing

magwalis, walis
an 2 to remove with
a sweeping motion, carry along:
tumang
ay, matang
ay, tangayin n.
a stretch, continuous extent: l
awak,
kalaw
akan
sweet adj. 1 having a taste like
sugar or honey: matamis 2 having
a pleasant taste: masar
ap, malinamn
am 3 having a pleasant smell:
mabang
o, masamy
o 4 pleasant:
kalugud-lug
od, matamis 5 fresh,
not sour, salty, bitter, nor spoiled:
sariwa n. 1 something sweet:
matamis, d
ulse 2 sweets, candy:
kendi 3 sugar and extracts: as
ukal
4 dear, darling: mah
al, irog
sweetheart n. loved one, lover:
n
obyo (male), n
obya (fem), katip
an,
kasint
ahan, liy
ag, kas
uyo
swift adj. moving very fast, coming
suddenly or quickly, quick rapid:
mat
ulin, mabilis adv. swiftly:
mabilis, mat
ulin n. a small bird
with long wings: l
ayang-l
ayang
swim v. 1 to move along on or in
the water by using arms, legs, ns,
etc.: maglang
oy, lumang
oy, languyin
2 to swim across: lumang
oy sa
kabil
a, languyin ang kabil
a 3 to
be dizzy: mahilo 4 to overow:
um
apaw, ap
awan, bumah
a, baha
an
n. 1 to make swim: magpalang
oy,
palanguyin 2 the act of swimming:
paglalang
oy, paglang
oy
swindle v. to cheat, to defraud:
manans
o,
tansuin,
manekas,
tek
asin, magd
aya, day
ain, man
uba,
sub
ain n. an act of cheating or
defrauding: pananans
o, pagdar
aya,
panggag
antso, panun
uba
swing v. 1 to move back and
forth: mag-ug
oy, umug
oy, iug
oy,
magd
uyan, id
uyan 2 to move in
a curveL magpalik
o, lumik
o, palikuin, ilik
o, magpak
urba, kum
urba,
pakurbahin, ik
urba n. 1 steady,
marked rhythm: ind
ayong 2 a
swining gait or movement: ind
ak 3
movement, activity: sigl
a 4 a seat

switch

180

hung from ropes on which one may

sit and swing: d
uyan
switch n. 1 a slender stick used
in
whipping:
pam
alo, patp
at
na pam
alo 2 a stroke, a lash:
hamp
as, p
alo, hagupit 3 a device
for breaking or making a connection: suwits 4 a change, turn,
shift: paglipat, paglilipat, pagb
ago,
pagbab
ago, pagpapalit v. 1 to
whip, to strike: mam
alo, pum
alo,
pal
uin, humagupit, hagupitin 2 to
change, to turn, to shift: magpalit,
palit
an, magb
ago, bag
uhin, maglipat,
lumipat, ilipat
swollen adj. past participle of swell,
swelled: mag
a, namamag
a
swoon v. to faint: mawal
an ng
m
alay-t
ao, himatayin n. a
faint: paghihimat
ay, pagkawal
a ng
m
alay-t
ao
sword n. a weapon with a long,
sharp blade: esp
ada, s
able
symmetrical adj. having symmetry,
well-proportioned:
may
simetria, timb
ang, magkatimb
ang,
proporsiyon
ado
sympathetic adj. 1 sympathizing,
having or showing kind feelings
towards others: maawain, nahahab
ag, mahabagin, nakikir
amay,
madamayin 2 approving, agreeing:
uma
ayon,
sum
asang-
ayon,
nakikiis
a, kas
ang-
ayon 3 enjoying the same things and getting
along well together: magkasund
o,
nagkakasund
o
sympathize v. 1 to feel or show
sympathy: ma
awa, kaawa
an, mahab
ag,
kahabag
an,
makir
amay,
dum
amay,
dam
ayan,
makidalamh
ati 2 to approve, to agree:
um
ayon, ay
unan, sum
ang-
ayon,
sang-ay
unan, makiis
a
syringe n. a device for drawing in
a quantity of uid and then forcing
it out in a stream: hiringgilya, labatiba v. to inject: mag-iniksiy
on,
iniksiyun
an

tail

syrup n. a sweet, thick, liquid, sugar

boiled in water: pul
ot, arnibal

T
table n. 1 a piece of furniture
having a smooth at top on legs:
mesa, lamesa, hap
ag 2 a very low
or short-legged table: d
ulang 3 the
food put on a table to be eaten:
h
ain, pagk
aing n
asa mesa or simply:
pagk
ain 4 a list, very condensed
information: tal
aan, h
anay, talahan
ayan v. 1 to put on a table:
maglag
ay (ilag
ay ) sa mesa 2 to set
the table, to prepare the table for a
meal: magh
ain sa mesa, hainan ang
mesa 3 to table a bill or motion,
to put o discussing it: ipagpaliban
ang pag-u
usap sa panuk
alang-bat
as
o mungk
ahi 4 to turn the tables,
to reverse conditions: saliwain ang
mga pangyay
ari (kalag
ayan)
tablecloth n. a cloth for covering
the table: mantel, tapete
tablet n. 1 a small at piece of
medicine or candy: tableta 2 a small
at surface with an inscription:
l
apida 3 a number of sheets of paper
fastened at the edge: pad, t
ablet
tacks n. 1 a short, sharp-pointed
nail or pin having a broad at head:
p
akong uluh
an, t
amtak, b
oston
2 a stitch used as a temporary
fastening: hilb
ana, tut
os, t
utos 3
a course of action or conduct:
para
an, pamamara
an, kaparaan
an,
t
aktika v. 1 to fasten with tacks:
magt
amtak, it
amtak, tamtak
an 2
to sew with temporary stitches:
maghilb
ana, ihilb
ana, hilban
ahan,
magtut
os, itut
os, tutusin 3 to attach: magkabit, ikabit, kabit
an 4 to
add: magdagd
ag, idagd
ag, dagdag
an
tadpole 1 n 2 a very young frog or
toad: uluul
o
tail n. 1 a prolongation of the
rear end of the body of an ani-

tailor

181

mal: bunt
ot 2 something like an
animals tail: bunt
ot, pabunt
ot 3
the hind part of anything, back,
rear: huli, hulih
an, puwit, puwit
an
4 to put a tail on: magbunt
ot,
buntut
an v. to follow close behind:
sumun
ud-sun
od,
sund
an-sund
an,
bumunt
ut-bunt
ot, bunt
ut-buntut
an
adj. 1 coming from behind: mul
a
sa lik
od o hulih
an, g
aling sa lik
od o
hulih
an 2 of the rear end: sa (ng)
lik
od o hulih
an, panlik
od, paghuli,
panghulih
an
tailor n. a man whose business is
making clothes: sastre, manan
ahi
v. to make by tailors work: tumahi,
tahiin, itahi
tailor shop n. the shop of a tailor:
sastreriy
a, patahian
take v. 1 to lay hold of: tum
angan,
tang
anan,
tangn
an,
hum
awak,
haw
akan 2 to seize, to capture:
hum
uli, hulihin, dumakip, dakpin 3
to be seized or captured: mah
uli,
madakip 4 to accept: tumangg
ap,
tanggapin 5 to receive: tumangg
ap,
tanggapin, matangg
ap 6 to get:
kum
uha, k
unin 7 to win: man
alo,
tal
unin, magtagump
ay, pagtagumpay
an 8 to choose, select: pumili,
piliin 9 to remove: mag-alis, alisin,
ialis, ilay
o 10 to go with: mags
ama,
ipags
ama, pasam
ahin, sum
ama,
is
ama 11 to carry: magdal
a, dalhin,
maghatid, ihatid 12 to suppose:
magpalag
ay, ipalag
ay, mag-ak
ala,
akal
ain 13 to regard, to consider:
magpalag
ay, ipalag
ay, ipagpalag
ay,
magsa
alang-
alang,
isa
alang-
alang
14 to please, to attract: um
akit,
akitin, ma
akit, maka
akit, magbig
aykasiy
ahan, bigy
ang-kasiy
ahan n.
1 amount taken, as in shing: h
uli
2 amount taken as in gambling:
pan
alo, panal
unan, k
abig 3 to
take after, to be like, to resemble: magkaw
angis, makaw
angis,
maw
angis, magkat
ulad, makat
ulad,
tum
ulad, mat
ulad, magkamukh
a,

talk

makamukh
a or use adjectives:
kamukh
a, kaw
angis, kat
ulad 4
to take away: bum
awi, bawiin,
mag-alis, alisin, um
awas, aw
asin
5 to take down means (a) to
write down: is
ulat, ital
a (b) to
put down: magbab
a, ibab
a (c) to
lower the pride of: magpabab
a ng
pagkat
ao (karang
alan), pababain ang
pagkat
ao (karang
alan) 6 to take in
means (a) to receive: tumangg
ap,
tanggapin (b) to make smaller or
narrower: kip
utan (c) to understand:
umintindi, maintindih
an, intindihin,
umun
awa, maunaw
aan, unaw
ain
(d) to deceive, to cheat: mand
aya,
dum
aya, day
ain, mad
aya 7 to
take o means (a) to leave the
ground or water: lumip
ad, tuma
as
(b) to give a funny imitation of:
gum
aya, gay
ahin, (c) to remove:
hum
ango, hang
uin, mag-alis, alisin
8 to take on, to engage, to hire:
um
upa, up
ahan 9 to take to means
(a) to form a liking for: magkagust
o
(b) to go to: magpunt
a, pumunt
a,
magt
ungo, tum
ungo 10 to take up
means (a) to soak up, to absorb:
sumipsip, sipsipin (b) to make
shorter: magpaikli, paikliin, magpaigsi, paigsiin (c) to lift: magta
as,
ita
as, magbuh
at, buh
atin (d) to
undertake, to study: mag-
aral,
pag-ar
alan, kum
uha, k
unin
talented adj. having natural ability,
gifted: matalino, may u
lo
talk v. 1 to use words, to
speak: magsalit
a 2 to discuss,
to talk about: mag-
usap, pagus
apan 3 to consult, to confer:
sumangg
uni,
sangguniin,
isangg
uni,
magkons
ulta,
kumons
ulta, konsultahin, ikons
ulta,
pagkonsultah
an 4 to spread ideas
by other means than speech: magpah
ayag, ipah
ayag, magpaliw
anag,
ipaliw
anag 5 to bring, put, drive,
inuence, etc. by talk: humik
ayat,
hikay
atin 6 to talk with: kuma
usap,

talkative

182

makipag-
usap, kaus
apin, bum
ati,
batiin 7 to converse: mag-
usap,
magsalit
aan 8 to speak unnecessarily: dumald
al, magdadald
al, ngumaw
a, magngangaw
a 9 to talk in a
rough manner: bumuly
aw, bulyaw
an
n. 1 conversation: us
apan, pagu
usap, salit
aan, pagsasalit
aan 2 the
use of words: pagsasalit
a 3 spoken
words: mga salit
a (pangung
usap) 4
a speech: talump
ati, disk
urso 5 an
informal speech: salit
a, pagsasalit
a,
pangung
usap 6 a lecture: panay
am
7 gossip, report, rumor: tsismis,
bali-balita, sabi-sabi 8 empty
talk: ngawng
aw, ngasng
as, dald
al,
kusk
us-bal
ungos
talkative adj. having the habit of
talking a great deal, fond of talking:
masalit
a, matabil, madald
al
tall adj. 1 high in stature: mata
as,
matangk
ad 2 for things of great
height: mata
as, mat
ayog
tallow n. hard fat: sebo, tab
a
tamarind n. a tropical tree grown
for its wood and fruits, also its fruits:
samp
alok
tango n. a kind of Latin American
dance: t
anggo
tank n. 1 a large container for liquid
or gas: tangke, t
angke 2 a small selfmoving steel fort used to attack in
war: tangke, t
angke
tap v. 1 to strike lightly: kumat
ok,
katukin, tumukt
ok 2 to strike lightly
with the open hand: tumapik,
tapikin 3 to cut the bark of a tree
to let out sap: tumapy
as (tapyas
an)
u
pang dumagt
a, humiwa (hiw
aan)
upang
dumagt
a,
magpadagt
a,
padagtain, magpat
ulo ng dagt
a,
likido, t
ubig, atb., patul
uin ang
dagt
a 4 to make a connection on:
magkabit, kabit
an n. 1 a light
blow with the open hand: tapik 2
a tool for cutting internal screw
threads: panr
oskas, pangr
oskas 3 a
stopper or plug to close a hole in a
cast containing liquid: tap
on, p
asak

tattle

4 a faucet: gripo 5 on tap sometimes

means ready for use: nakahand
a,
hand
a na
tape n. 1 a long narrow strip of paper, cloth, etc.: sint
as, teyp 2 tape
of cloth or steel marked in inches,
feet, etc., used in measuring: medida,
pan
ukat 3 a tape used to cover a
wound, cut, etc.: pl
aster, pamatse,
patse 4 a tape used to cover electric
wire: teyp
tardy adj. 1 late, behid time: huli,
atras
ado 2 slow: mak
upad, mab
agal
target n. 1 a mark for shooting at:
t
arget, ang pinat
atamaan, tudl
aan,
asint
ahan 2 object of abuse, criticism, etc.: tudl
aan, tun
utudla,
patama
an, pinat
atamaan, t
arget
taro n. a starchy root plant: g
abi
taste v. 1 to try the avor of
something by taking a little into the
mouth: tumikim, tikm
an 2 to get
the avor of by the sense of taste:
lum
asa, malas
ahan, las
ahin, manamnam
an, namnamim 3 to eat or
drink a litle bit of: tumikim, tikm
an
4 to experience, have: magd
anas,
dum
anas,
dan
asin,
makar
anas,
maran
asan, makatikim, matikm
an,
magkaro
on 5 to have a particular
taste or avor: magkaro
on ng l
asa,
magl
asa, may l
asa n. 1 a avor:
l
asa 2 the sense by which the
avor of things is perceived: panl
asa
3 a little bit: bahagy
a, katiting,
kapiyang
ot 4 a liking: pagkagust
o,
kagust
uhan 5 the ability to perceive
and enjoy what is beautiful and
excellent: mah
usay pumili
tasteless adj. without taste: wal
ang
l
asa, di masar
ap, matab
ang
tasty adj. tasting good, pleasing
to the taste: mal
asa, masar
ap,
malinamn
am
tatter n. a torn piece, rag: gulanit
na damit, bas
ahan v. to wear or
tear to pieces: magkapunit-punit,
pagpunit-punitin
tattle v. 1 to tell tales or secrets:

tattoo

183

magdadald
al, dumald
al, idald
al 2
to gossip: magtsismis, itsismis,
sumitsit, isitsit n. 1 idle or foolish
talk, gossip: tsismis, dald
al, sitsit 2
childish talk: salit
ang-b
ata
tattoo v. 1 to mark the skin in patterns by pricking it and putting it in
colors: magtat
u, tatuh
an, itat
u 2 to
let or have another do the marking:
magpatat
u,patatuh
an, ipatat
u n.
the mark so made on the skin: tat
u
taxi n. taxicab: t
aksi, t
aksikab
tea n. 1 a common drink: tsa 2 afternoon tea: miryenda, mirind
al
teacher n. a person who teaches,
especially one who teaches in
school: g
uro, maestro/a, titser,
tagapagt
uro
tear v. 1 to pull apart by force:
pum
unit, punitin, pumilas, pil
asin
2 to become torn: map
unit, mapilas
3 to tear into fragments or pieces:
gumut
ay, gutayin, gut
ay-gutayin,
paggut
ay-gutayin 4 to pull hard,
pull violently: bumalt
ak, baltakin 5
to scratch badly, wound: sum
ugat,
masug
atan, sug
atan 6 to move with
great force or haste: humagibis n.
the torn place: sira, p
unit, pilas
tears n. 1 a drop of salty water coming from the eye: l
uha 2 to shed
tears: lum
uha, umiy
ak 3 in tears,
shedding tears: lumul
uha, umiiy
ak
tease v. 1 to annoy, vex or worry
by jokes, questions, requests,
etc.: tumuks
o, manuks
o, tuksuhin,
tumudy
o, manudy
o, tudyuhin,
bumiro, mambiro, bir
uin 2 to
annoy:
mambuwisit,
buwisitin,
mangantiy
aw, kantiy
awan n. a
person who teases: manunudy
o,
manunuks
o, mangangantiy
aw
teaspoon n. a small spoon: kutsarita
teeth n. 1 more than one tooth: mga
ngipin 2 by the skin of ones teeth,
by a narrow margin: kamuntik na kamuntik na, gabuh
ok
telegram n. a message sent by tele-

temper

graph: telegr
ama, pahatid-k
awad
telephone n. a means for transmitting sound by electricity: telepono
v. to talk through a telephone, send
a message by telephone: tumelepono,
teleponohan, itelepono, tum
awag
(taw
agan, taw
agin) sa telepono
television n. a means for seeing
objects at a distance by electricity:
on
telebisyon, telebisy
tell v. 1 to put in words, say:
mags
abi, sabihin 2 to inform,
tell to: magpatalast
as, ipatalast
as,
pagpatalastas
an, magpabatid, ipabatid, sabihin, sabihan 3 to make
known: magbig
ay-al
am, ipagbig
ayal
am, ipaal
am 4 to know, inform:
mal
aman, mabatid 5 to order,
command: mag-
utos, i
utos, ut
usan,
mag-
atas, i
atas, at
asan 6 to count,
count one by one: magbil
ang,
bumilang, bil
angin 7 to tell a lie:
magsinung
aling,
magsinungaling,
pagsinungalingan,
magbula
an,
pagbula
anan 8 to tell the truth:
magtap
at, ipagtap
at, pagtapat
an,
sabihin ang katotoh
anan 9 to tell
a story: magkuwento, ikuwento,
magbida, ibida 10 to tell on somebody: magsumb
ong, ipagsumb
ong,
isumb
ong
temperature n. degree of heat or
cold: temperat
ura
temper n. 1 a state of mind,
disposition, condition: kalo
oban,
ug
ali, pag-uug
ali 2 an angry state
of mind: init (kainitan) ng u
lo,
g
alit, pagkag
alit 3 a calm state
of mind: hin
ahon, kahinah
unan,
pagpipigil 4 the hardness, toughness, etc., of a mixture: timpl
a,
timpl
ada v. 1 to moderate,
soften: magpahin
ahon, pahinah
unin,
magpalamig, palamigin, lamig
an,
magpahina, pahin
ain, magpigil,
pigilan, pigilin 2 to soften by adding
something:
magh
alo,
hal
uan,
mags
ama,
sam
ahan,
maglakip,
lakip
an 3 to bring to a proper

temple

184

or desired condition by mixing

or preparing: magh
alo, hal
uan,
magtimpl
a, timplah
an
temple n. 1 a building used for
the service or worship of a god or
gods: templo 2 church: simb
ahan,
samb
ahan, b
ahay-dalangin
an 3 the
attened part on either side of the
forehead: pilipisan, sentido
temporary adj. lasting for a short
time only: pansamantal
a
tempt v. 1 to make or try to make
a person do something: tumuks
o,
tuksuhin, mang-udy
ok, mag-udy
ok,
udyuk
an,
magbuns
od,
ibuns
od,
magbuy
o, bumuy
o, buyuhin, ibuy
o
2 to be made to do something:
matuks
o, mabuy
o 3 to attract, appeal strongly to: mang-
akit, um
akit,
akitin, manghik
ayat, humik
ayat,
hikay
atin, manghalina, humalina,
halin
ahin 4 to be attracted: mahalina, ma
akit 5 to test: sum
ubok,
sub
ukin 6 to provoke: tumuks
o,
tuksuhin, manuks
o
temptation n. 1 the act of
tempting: pagtuks
o, panunuks
o,
pag-uudy
ok 2 the thing that temps:
tentasy
on, tuks
o, panuks
o, pantuks
o,
pang-udy
ok
ten num/adj. one more than nine:
diyes, samp
u
tenacious adj. 1 holding fast (in a
physical or material sense): mahigpit
kum
apit (kumag
at) 2 stubborn,
persistent, holding fast (in a moral
sense): matig
as, mahigpit 3 retentive, as applied to memory, able to
remember: matatand
ain, mah
usay
(magaling) ang mem
orya 4 holding fast together: nagkakais
a-is
a,
magkakadikit
tender adj. 1 delicate, not strong
and hardy: m
ura 2 soft, not hard
or tough: malamb
ot 3 kind, aectionate, loving: magiliw, mabait,
mapagmah
al 4 gentle, not rough
or rude: maingat 5 young: b
ata
6 sensitive, painful, sore: masakit

tetanus

7 feeling pain or grief easily:

maramd
amin 8 considerate, sympathetic: madamayin, maawain,
mahabagin 9 languid: map
ungay,
malaml
am, ma
amo
tenderloin n. a tender part of the
loin of beef or pork: l
omo
tennis n. a game played by two or
four players: tenis
tent n. a movable shelter made of
cloth or skin supported by a pole or
poles: t
olda
tentative adj. done as a trial or experiment, experimental: pansamantal
a, probisyon
al
terminate v. 1 to bring to an
end, put an end to: magtap
os,
tap
usin, lumut
as, lum
utas, lutasin,
lut
asin, maghint
o, ihint
o, hintu
an,
magtigil, itigil, tigilin 2 to come
to an end: magwak
as, mat
apos,
humint
o, tumigil
terrible adj. 1 causing great fear,
dreadful,
awful:
kakil
a-kil
abot,
nakakikil
abot, kahil
a-hilakb
ot, nakapanghihilakb
ot,
kasind
ak-sind
ak,
nakasisindak, nakatat
akot 2 awfully
great: kat
akut-t
akot 3 causing or involving great hardship: napakahirap
terror n. 1 great fear: malaking
t
akot, sind
ak 2 a cause of great fear:
kil
abot, kinat
atakutan
test n. 1 an examination, trial:
pagsus
ulit, iks
amen 2 a means of
trial: pags
ubok 3 an examination of
a substance to see what it is or what
it contains: pags
uri, pagsus
uri v.
1 to put to a test of any kind, try
out: sum
ubok, sub
ukin 2 to examine
a substance to see what it is or
what it contains: sum
uri, suriin,
iksaminin
testify v. 1 to give evidence, declare,
prove: magpat
unay, patun
ayan, magpatoto
o, patotoh
anan, magpah
ayag,
ipah
ayag 2 to give evidence under oath, esp. in court: sumaksi,
saksih
an, tumestigo
tetanus n. a disease that causes

than

185

stiness of muscles: tetano, tetanus

than conj. used in comparisons:
k
aysa, k
aysa kay
thanks n. 1 meaning I thank you:
sal
amat (po), many thanks (Thanks
a lot): mar
aming sal
amat (po) 2
the act of thanking, expression of
gratitude: pasasal
amat 3 feeling
grateful for, gratitude: pagkil
ala
(pagtan
aw)ng u
tang na lo
ob 4
thanks to, owing to or because of:
sal
amat sa, d
ahil sa
thanksgiving n. 1 giving thanks:
pagpapasal
amat
2 an expression of thanks: pasasal
amat 3
thanksgiving a day set apart
every year to acknowledge Gods
favors:
araw ng pasasal
amat (pagpapasal
amat)
that adj. that is used to point
out some one person or thing or
idea: iy
an (when that is nearer
to the person spoken to than to the
speaker), iy
on (when that is far
from both the speaker and the person
spoken to) pron. who, whom,
which: rendered by the ligature na
and its variant ng conj. 1
that is also used to connect a
group of words: na, or its variant
ng 2 used to show purpose:
u
pang, p
ara 3 used to show result:
kay
a adv. to that extent, to such
a degree: nang gany
an pron. 1
when: nang, no
ong 2 that used in
the objective case: diy
an, riy
an
the definite article. a demonstrative word used especially before a
noun to particularize its meaning:
ang, ang mga
their pron. of them, belonging to
them: kanil
a, nil
a
them pron. 1 persons spoken about:
sil
a 2 of, or by them: nil
a 3 to, or
with them: sa kanil
a 4 for them:
p
ara sa kanil
a 5 the animals or
things spoken about: ang mga iy
an,
ang mga iy
on
then adv. 1 at that time (referring

thin

to the past): no
on, nang panah
ong
iy
on 2 at that time (referring to the
future): sa panah
ong iy
on, sa o
ras
na (sandaling) iy
on 3 soon afterwards: pagkat
apos na pagkat
apos 4
next in time or place: pagkat
apos,
sumusun
od, susun
od, kasun
od 5 at
another time: sa ib
ang panah
on 6
also, besides: sak
a, buk
od pa ro
on
(rito) 7 in that case, therefore: kung
gay
on (gano
on), samakatwid adj.
existing at the time mentioned:
no
on, kasaluk
uyan no
on
there adv. 1 in that place, at that
place, at that point: diy
an, riy
an,
do
on, ro
on 2 to that place: do
on,
ro
on 3 that place: do
on, ro
on 4
in that matter: diy
an, sa b
agay
na iy
an, tungk
ol diy
an (sa b
agay
na iy
an) 5 there is also used in
sentences in which the verb comes
before its subjects: may, mayro
on 6
there is used to call attention to
something: hay
an, hay
un interj.
there is used to express some
feeling: hay
an, ay
un, ay
an
therefore adv. 1 for that reason,
as a result of that: d
ahil do
on,
sa gay
on, sa gay
ong dahil
an 2
consequently: samakatwid, kay
a
(nga), anup
at
these adj/pron. used to point out
persons, things, etc.: ang mga it
o
they pron. 1 the persons spoken
about: sil
a, nil
a 2 animals, things,
or ideas spoken about: ang mga it
o
(iy
on)
thickness n. 1 the distance between
opposite surfaces: kap
al 2 thickness of leaves on a tree: y
abong,
kayab
ungan, yamungm
ong 3 being
thick, as a liquid: l
apot, kalap
utan 4
being thick: kakapal
an
thimble n. a small metal cap worn
on the nger in sewing: did
al
thin adj. 1 with little space from
one side to the opposite side, not
thick: manipis, di makap
al 2 having
little esh: pay
at 3 not set close

think

186

together: mad
alang, manipis 4
not dense: manipis, di makap
al 5
few and far apart, not abundant:
mad
alang, kakaunti, iilan 6 like
water, not like glue or syrup:
malabn
aw 7 not deep or strong,
having little depth, fullness, or intensity: matinis, maliit 8 easily seen
through: halat
a, halat
ain, mab
abaw
v. 1 to make thin: magpad
alang,
padal
angin, magpanipis, panipisin,
magpalabn
aw, palabnawin 2 to
become thin: dum
alang, maging
mad
alang, numipis, maging manipis, lumabn
aw, maging malabn
aw
3 to become thin in body: pumay
at,
mangay
ayat, maging pay
at 4 to
make thin in body: magpapay
at,
papayatin
think v. 1 to have ideas, use the
mind: mag-isip, umisip, isipin, magisip, mag-
aral, pag-ar
alan 2 to have
an opinion, believe: magpalag
ay,
ipalag
ay, ipagpalag
ay, maniw
ala,
paniwal
aan 3 to consider: magak
ala, akal
ain 4 to think of means
(a) to have in mind: umisip, magisip, isipin, mag-isip (b) to imagine:
maglar
awan (ilar
awan) sa isip,
umisip, isipin (c) to remember:
umala
ala, maala
ala, alalah
anin,
magunit
a, gunitain 5 to reect,
meditate: magdilidili, dili-dilihin,
magbulayb
ulay,
bulaybul
ayin,
magnilay-nilay, pagnil
ay-nil
ayin
third adj/n. next after the second:
ikatl
o, pangatl
o n. one of three
equal parts: ikatl
ong bah
agi
thirsty adj. feeling a desire to drink:
uh
aw, nauuh
aw
thirteen num. three more than ten:
labintatl
o
thirty n/adj. three times ten:
treinta, tatlump
u
this pron. 1 this is used to point
out some one person, thing, or idea
as present, near, or spoken of before:
it
o, iri 2 this much, as much as
this: kasind
ami nit
o, ganit
o ang

throb

d
ami, ganit
o kar
ami
thorn n. a sharp point on a plant:
tinik
thorny adj. 1 full of thorns: matinik
2 complicated: mahirap, magul
o,
magus
ot, masalimu
ot
thought n. 1 an idea, notion: idea,
isip, ak
ala 2 thinking: pag-iisip
3 regard, care: pagpapahalag
a,
pagtingin 4 solicitude, attention:
asik
aso,
pag-aasik
aso,
lingap,
paglingap v. past tense and past
participle of think: nag-ak
ala,
inak
ala
thread n. 1 cotton, silk, ax, etc.,
spun out into a ne cord: sin
ulid 2
the thread raveled out of a cloth:
himulm
ol, himaym
ay, hibl
a 3 the
main thought which connects the
parts of a story or speech: diwa
4 the winding, sloping ridge of
a screw: r
oskas v. 1 to pass a
thread through: magt
uhog, tuh
ugin
2 to thread a needle: sulut
an ng
sin
ulid ang kar
ayom 3 to make
ones way through, make ones way
carefully, go in a winding course:
magpalus
ut-lus
ot,
lumus
ut-lus
ot,
magpasikut-sikot,
sumikut-sikot
4 to form a thread on a screw:
magr
oskas,
r
oskasan,
maglag
ay
(lagy
an) ng r
oskas
three n/adj. one more than two:
tres, tatl
o
thrift n. absence of waste, economical
management,
saving,
habit of saving: pagtitipid, pagkamatipid,
katipir
an,
pag-iimp
ok,
pagkamaimp
ok
thrifty adj. saving, careful in spending economical: matipid, mapagtipid,
maimp
ok, mapag-imp
ok
throat n. 1 the passage from the
mouth to the stomach or the lungs:
lalam
unan 2 a lump in ones throat
is a feeling of not being able to
swallow: hirin
throb n. a rapid or strong beat:
mabilis o malak
as na tib
ok, pintig

throne

187

v. to beat rapidly or stongly:

tumib
ok nang mabilis o malak
as,
pumintig, may pintig
throne n. 1 the chair on which a
king, queen, bishop, or other person
of high rank sits during ceremonies:
tr
ono 2 the power or authority of a
king, queen, etc.: kapangyarihan ng
h
ari o reyna, pagkah
ari(for king),
pagkareyna (for queen)
through adv. 1 prep. from the
beginning to the end: mul
a sa p
uno
hangg
ang sa d
ulo, b
uhat sa simul
a
hangg
ang sa wak
as 2 prep. from end
to end of, from side to side of: sa 3
here and there, over: sa ib
at ib
ang
lug
ar (d
ako) 4 because of, by reason
of: d
ahil sa 5 by means of: sa, sa
pamamagitan 6 having reached the
end of, nished with: tap
os na
adj. 1 going all the way without
change: tul
uy-tul
oy, deretso, wal
ang
hint
o (tigil) 2 at the end, nished:
tap
os na
throw v. 1 to hurl a thing against
something, hit with something by
throwing: bumat
o, batuhin, ibat
o,
hum
agis, magh
agis, hagisin, ih
agis,
pumuk
ol, pukulin, ipuk
ol 2 to
dispose of as useless or unnecessary:
magt
apon, it
apon 3 to send to a
distance by hurling: magbat
o, ibat
o,
magh
agis, ih
agis, magpuk
ol, ipuk
ol
4 to give by throwing: tap
unan,
itsah
an, hagisan 5 to be hurled
(accidentally): mat
apon, mapat
apon,
tum
apon, maits
a, mapaits
a, umits
a,
mahagis, mapahagis, hum
agis 6 to
throw or hurl oneself at someone
or something so as to snatch: dumuh
apang, duhap
angin 7 to splash
water or any liquid: mags
aboy,
sab
uyan n. 1 the act of throwing
or hurling: bat
o, pagbat
o, h
agis,
pagh
agis, paghah
agis, its
a, pag-its
a,
puk
ol, pagpuk
ol, pagpupuk
ol 2 to
throw cold water on, to discourage:
wal
ang-bah
ala,
wal
ang
says
ay,
pawal
ang-says
ay 3 to throw in, to

tide

add as a gift: magdagd

ag, dagdag
an
4 to throw up, to vomit: magsuk
a,
sum
uka, mapasuk
a
thrust v. 1 to push with force:
magtul
ak (it
ulak) nang malak
as,
magsaly
a, isaly
a 2 to shove, to
put into with some force: magduld
ol, duldul
an, iduld
ol 3 to stab,
pierce: sumaks
ak, saksakin, isaks
ak,
umul
os, ulusin, iul
os, magt
arak,
tar
akan, it
arak n. 1 a push with
force: malak
as na t
ulak (pagtutul
ak)
2 a stab, a pierce: saks
ak, ul
os,
t
arak
thumb n. the short, thick nger:
hinlalaki v. 1 to soil or wear by
handling with thumbs: dumih
an ng
mga daliri 2 under the thumb of,
under the power or inuence of:
n
asa il
alim ng kapangyarihan
Thursday n. the fth day of the
week: Huwebes
tick n. 1 the sound made by a clock
or watch: tiktak 2 a small mark:
kudlit, gurlit, tik, tsek 3 a tiny insect
or spider that lives on animals and
sucks their blood: garap
ata v. 1
to make a sound like that of a clock
or watch: tumiktak 2 to mark with
a tick, check: magkudlit, kudlit
an,
maggurlit, gurlit
an, magtik, tik
an,
magtsek, tsek
an
ticket n. 1 a card or piece of paper
which gives its holder a right or privilege: tiket, bilyete 2 a card or piece
of paper attached to something to
show its price, etc.: etiketa, tag 3 the
list of candidates to be voted on belonging on one political party: tiket,
tal
aan ng mga kandid
ato
tide n. 1 the rise and fall of the
ocean about every twelve hours:
paglaki at pagliit ng t
ubig 2 low
tide: k
ati 3 high tide: laki ng t
ubig
4 anything that falls and rises like
the tide: takb
o, kilos 5 a season,
time: panah
on (also expressed by
ka-han ax combination plus the
season itself ) 6 a current, stream:

tie

188

gos
a
tie v. 1 to fasten, bind: magt
ali,
talian, it
ali 2 to make a knot out
of a loose ends of a string, rope,
etc: magbuh
ol, ibuh
ol, buhul
an 3
to make the same score, be equal
in points: magpat
as, magp
atas,
pum
atas, pumat
as, magtabl
a, tumabl
a 4 to tie up, shackle: gum
apos,
ig
apos, gap
usin n. 1 a thing that
ties, fastening: t
ali, pan
ali, bigkis,
pamigkis, g
apos, pangg
apos 2 a
being tied or fastened: pagkakat
ali,
pagkakag
apos,
pagkakap
ugal
3
bond, connection: pagkakaugn
ay
4 a necktie: kurb
ata 5 equality in
points: p
atas, pat
as, pagkakap
atas,
pagkakapat
as
tiger n. a large erce animal of Asia:
tigre
tight adj. 1 rm: mahigpit 2 held
rmly, packed or put together
rmly: l
apat na l
apat, dikit na
dikit, mahigpit 3 scarce, hard
to get: mahirap, sal
at 4 tting
closely, tting too closely: masikip,
pitis, makipot, hapit 5 stretched:
ban
at, hapit, hat
ak 6 stingy (coll):
mar
amot, kuripot adv. rmly:
mahigpit, nang mahigpit
tile n. 1 a thin piece of baked clay
stone, etc.: baldosin, bald
osa 2 a
roong material made of baked clay:
tisa v. 1 to put tiles on a oor:
magbald
osa, baldos
ahan, magl
atag
ng bald
osa 2 to get a oor tiled:
magpabald
osa, ipabald
osa, pabaldos
ahan 3 to put tiles on a roof:
magtisa, tis
aan, magbub
ong ng tisa
4 to get a roof tiled: magpatisa,
ipatisa
till prep/conj. until, up to the time
of, to the time when: hangg
ang sa
v. 1 to cultivate land: maglin
ang,
linangin, magbungk
al ng l
upa,
bungkalin ang l
upa 2 to plow:
mag-ar
aro, arar
uhin n. a small
drawer for money: kah
on ng kuw
alta
tilt v. to slope, slant, lean, tip:

time

tumagilid,
itagilid,
patagilirin,

kumiling, ikiling, pakilingin, tumikw

as,
itikw
as,
patikwasin,
humilig, ihilig, pahiligin n. 1 a
slope: dalisdis, deklibe 2 a slant:
tagilid, hilig, h
apay, kiling 3 a
contest: l
aban, laban
an, paligs
ahan,
timpal
ak 4 at full tilt, at full speed:
bu
ong bilis (t
ulin)
time n. 1 all the days there have
been or ever will be, the past,
present, and future: panah
on 2 a
period of time, season: panah
on,
kapanah
unan 3 a part of time, a
short time: sandali, saglit, maikling
panah
on 4 a long time: tag
al, luw
at,
l
awig 5 some point in time:
oras
6 the right part or point of time:
oras, takd

ang
oras 7 a repetition:
u
lit, beses 8 occasion: pagkakata
on
9 a way of reckoning time: para
an
ng pag-o
oras, pagk
uha ng oras 10
a condition of life: kalag
ayan ng
b
uhay 11 an experience: karanas
an
12 the rate of movement in music:
tiyempo, kump
as v. 1 to measure
the time of: or
asan, k
unan ng
oras
2 to do at regular times, set the
time of: magt
ama, it
ama, itugm
a,
magtugm
a 3 to choose the moment
or occasion for: magsa
oras, isa
oras,
itiyempo 4 in arithmetic, times
means multiply by or multiplied
by: magmultiplik
a, multiplikahin
adv. 1 at times, now and then, once
in a while: paminsan-minsan, kung
minsan, manak
a-nak
a 2 behind the
times, old fashioned: makal
uma,
l
uma na, huli sa panah
on 3 in
time means (a) after a while:
may
amay
a, sa madaling panah
on
(b) soon enough: madali, kaag
ad
(c) in the right rate of movement
in music, dancing, marching, etc. :
n
asa tiyempo 4 on time, at the right
time, punctual: sa takd
ang
oras,
n
asa o
ras 5 time after time, again
and again:
oras-
oras, mulit muli,
pa
ulit-
ulit 6 from time to time,

timid

189

now and then, once in a while: sa

pan
a-panah
on,
paminsan-minsan,
manak
a-nak
a 7 a short time ago:
kamakail
an l
amang, kail
an l
amang
8 short of time: kap
os sa o
ras
(panah
on), wal
ang
oras (panah
on)
9 for all time, all the time: sa lah
at
ng
oras, h
abang panah
on 10 for
the time being: pansamantal
a 11
a xed or appointed time: takd
ang
oras (panah

on), t
aning na
oras
(panah
on) 12 for a long time:
matag
al na panah
on, nang matag
al
timid adj. 1 shy: mahiy
ain, mahihiy
ain, umid, kimi 2 easily frightened: matakutin, matatakutin
timing n. 1 arrangement of the
time: pagsasa
oras, paglalag
ay sa
oras 2 the act or art of regulating

the speed of performance, utterance,

etc. in music, oratory, or acting:
tiyempo
tin n. 1 a metal that shines like silver
but is softer and cheaper: l
ata 2 any
box, can, pan, or pot made of tin:
l
ata adj. made of tin: y
ari (gaw
a)
sa l
ata
tincture n. 1 solution of medicine:
tint
ura 2 trace, tinge: bak
as, k
ulay
v. to give a trace or tinge:
magkabak
as, kabakas
an, magk
ulay,
kul
ayan, makul
ayan
tinsel n. glittering copper, brass,
etc., in thin sheets, strips, or
threads: palar
a
tip n. 1 the sharp point of anything
tapering: t
ulis 2 end, point: d
ulo,
tungki 3 a tap: tapik 4 a small
present of money: pab
uya, tip
v. 1 to slope, slant: tumagilid,
patagilirin, itagilid, tumikw
as, patikwasin, tikwasin, itikw
as 2 to lift one
side or end of: angatin (iang
at) nang
bahagy
a ang tabi o d
ulo 3 to upset,
overturn: itiwarik, patiwarikin 4 to
tap: tumapik, tapikin 5 to give a
small present of money: magpab
uya,
pabuy
aan, ipab
uya, magtip, tip
an,
itip, magbig
ay (bigy
an) ng tip 6 to

to

tip a person o means (a) to give

him secret information: magbig
ay
(bigy
an) ng tip, magbig
ay (bigy
an)
ng lihim na balita (b) to warn him:
magbabal
a, babala
an, magpaala
ala,
paalalah
anan
tipsy adj. 1 unsteady, tipping
easily: pah
apay-h
apay 2 somewhat
intoxicated: lasing (lang
o) nang
bahagy
a
tire v. 1 to make weary: magpap
agod,
makap
agod,
pum
agod,
pag
urin, magpahap
o, makahap
o,
humap
o,
hapuin,
magpahina,
makahina, papanghin
ain 2 to
become weary: map
agod, mahap
o,
manghina 3 to lose interest:
mags
awa,
sum
awa,
saw
aan,
mawal
an ng g
ana n. a round,
usually rubber covering for a wheel:
gul
ong
tired adj. 1 weary, exhausted:
pag
od, pag
al, hap
o, nahahap
o 2
tired of waiting: inip 3 tired from
standing, kneeling, etc.: ngawit,
nangang
awit, mitig, namimitig 4
tired by noise or a monotonous attitude or condition: bag
ot, nababag
ot
5 fed up: saw
a na, nagsas
awa na,
nanghihin
awa na, suy
a na
title n. 1 the name of a book, poem,
picture, song, etc: pamag
at, titulo 2

a name showing rank: titulo, r

anggo
3 legal right to the possession
of: titulo, katib
ayan (karapat
an)
sa pag-a
ari (pagkam
ay-
ari) 4
right, claim: karapat
an v. to give
name to, entitle, call: magpamag
at,
pamagat
an, ipamag
at, magtitulo,
tituluhan, ititulo
to prep. 1 in the direction of: sa 2
as far as: hangg
ang sa, ab
ot (sag
ad)
sa 3 on: sa 4 about, concerning:
tungk
ol, hinggil, u
kol 5 in accordance with: t
ama sa, alins
unod sa,
sang-
ayon sa, b
atay sa 6 for the
purpose of, for: u
pang, p
ara 7 to
is also used to show action toward:
sa 8 to and from, rst one way and

toad

190

then back again, back and forth:

paro
ot parito, pab
alik-b
alik
toad n. a kind of frog: palak
a
today adv. this day: ngay
on, sa
araw na it

o n. the present time,

now: sa kasaluk
uyan, ngay
on, sa
mga a
raw na it
o, sa panah
ong it
o
toe n. 1 one of the ve end parts of
the foot: daliri ng pa
a 2 the part
of a stocking, shoe, etc, that covers
the toes: d
ulo ng medyas, d
ulo ng
sap
atos
together adv.
1
with
each
other, in company: magkas
ama,
magkakas
ama,
magkasab
ay,
magkakasab
ay 2 at the same
time: nang sab
ay, nang sab
ay-sab
ay
3 without a stop or break, continuously: wal
ang tigil, pat
uloy,
tul
uy-tul
oy
toilet n. 1 the process of dressing:
pagbibihis, pag-a
ayos ng kataw
an 2
a bathroom or water closet: kubeta,
kasilyas, palik
uran, kum
on 3 a persons dress: damit, kasu
utan adj.
of or for the toilet: sa pag-a
ayos ng
kataw
an
tomato n. 1 a juicy fruit used as a
vegetable: kam
atis 2 the plant itself:
kam
atis
tomorrow adv. on the day after today: b
ukas
tone n. 1 a sound, quality of sound:
tun
og, t
ono 2 voice: b
oses, tinig
3 the accent in speech or dialect:
punt
o, p
unto, estilo, istilo 4 a
manner of speaking or writing:
himig, estilo, istilo, t
ono 5 vigor,
normal healthy condition: l
usog,
kalus
ugan 6 the dierence in pitch
between two notes: t
ono 7 a shade
of color: u
ri (gr
ado, ant
as) ng
k
ulay o kol
or v. 1 to be in
harmony: bum
agay, mab
agay 2 to
make harmonize: magb
agay, ib
agay,
pagbag
ayin 3 to give a tone to:
magk
ulay,
kul
ayan,
magsat
ono,
isat
ono 4 to tone down, to soften:
magb
awa, baw
ahan, magpahina

top

pahin
ain, hin
aan, ihina, magbab
a,
ibab
a, pababain, baba
an 5 to tone
up, to give more sound, color, or
vigor to: magpasigl
a, pasiglahin,
bum
uhay, buh
ayin, magbig
ay-b
uhay,
bigy
ang-b
uhay
tongue n. 1 the movable piece of
esh in the mouth: dila 2 the power
of speech: dila, makapagsalit
a 3
a way of speaking: pananalit
a 4
the language of the people: salit
a,
lengguw
ahe, wika 5 a movable piece
inside a bell : dil
a ng kamp
ana
6 anything shaped or used like a
tongue: dila 7 on the tip of ones
tongue, almost spoken: n
asa d
ulo ng
dila, sasabihin na s
ana (l
amang),
masas
abi na s
ana 8 to poke out the
tongue at someone: dumila, dil
aan
tonsil n. either of the two small oval
masses at the back of the mouth:
t
onsil
too adv. 1 also, besides: din, rin,
pati, man 2 more than enough,
beyond what is desirable, proper or
right: toto
o, masy
ado, lubh
a, l
abis
3 very: toto
o, t
unay, l
abis
tooth n. 1 one of the hard bonelike
parts in the mouth: ngipin 2 a molar
tooth: bag
ang 3 something like a
tooth: ngipin v. 1 to put teeth on,
cut teeth on: magngipin, ngipinan,
maglag
ay (lagy
an) ng ngipin 2 to
ght tooth and nail, to ght ercely,
with all ones force: makipagl
abang
(lum
abang) mab
uti
toothbrush n. a small brush for
cleaning the teeth: sipilyo sa (ng)
ngipin
toothpaste n. a paste used in cleaning the teeth: t
utpeyst
toothpick n. small pointed piece of
wood or sharpened quill for removing bits of food from between the
teeth: palito, t
utpik, panting
a
top n. 1 the highest point or part:
tukt
ok, talukt
ok, itukt
ok, kaita
asan
2 the upper part: ib
abaw 3 at
the top, ahead, leading, the best:

topic

191

nangung
una,
pinakamagaling,
pinakamata
as 4 the peak: tug
atog 5
head: tukt
ok, u
lo, tug
atog 6 the top
part of a plant, the young leaves:
talb
os 7 a cone-shaped toy that can
be made to spin: trump
o, turump
o
adj. highest, greatest: pinakamata
as
v. 1 to be on top, be the top of:
n
asa ib
abaw, n
asa talukt
ok 2 to be
the rst: mang
una 3 to remove or
cut the top of a plant: tumalb
os,
talbus
an 4 to be higher or greater
than, do better than: humigit,
mahigt
an, higt
an, dumaig, madaig,
daigin 5 to put something on top:
magp
atong, pat
ungan, magpaib
abaw,
paibab
awan, magdag
an, dagan
an 6
to put a top on: lagy
an ng ib
abaw 7
to shout at the top of ones voice:
sumig
aw nang pagkalak
as-lak
as
topic n. a theme: paks
a, ang
pinag-uus
apan
(pinag-us
apan,
pag-uus
apan), pagtatalak
ayan
torn past participle of tear.
sinira, nasira, pin
unit, nap
unit
adj. 1 sir
a, punit 2 falling
to pieces: gut
ay, gut
ay-gut
ay,
punit-punit, sir
a-sir
a
tornado n. a violent whirlwind:
buh
awi
total adj. 1 whole, entire: bu
o,
kabuu
an, kalahat
an, tot
al 2 complete: lub
os, lub
usan, gan
ap n.
the whole amount: tot
al, kabuu
ang
halag
a, katu
usan v. 1 to nd
the sum of, add: magbu
o, buuin,
pagsam
a-sam
ahin,
k
unin
ang
kabuu
an, mags
ama, sum
ahin 2 to
reach an amount of, amount to:
magkahalag
a, um
abot sa halag
a
touch v. 1 to put the hand or nger
on and feel: humipo, mahipo,
hip
uin, sumal
at, masal
at, salatin 2
to put one thing against another:
magdaiti, dumaiti, idaiti, magdikit,
idikit 3 to be against, come against:
mas
ayad, mapas
ayad, sum
ayad,
masanggi, mapasanggi, sumanggi,
madiit, mapadiit, dumiit 4 to

toy

aect with some feeling: tumimo,

patim
uin,
tim
uan,
bumagb
ag,
mabagb
ag, bagbagin 5 to strike
lightly or gently: kumalabit, kalabitin, kumanti, kantiin 6 to touch
accidentally: mas
agi, mapas
agi,
masaling, sumaling 7 to touch
with the nger in calling attention:
kumalabit, kalabitin 8 to touch
lightly: sumal
ang, salangin n. 1
a slight amount, little bit: (usually
rendered by adjectives): kaunti,
bahagy
a, katiting 2 a touching as
by hand or nger: hipo, paghipo,
sal
at, pagsal
at 3 putting one thing
against another: pagdidiit, pagdadaiti 4 to touch up, to change a
little, improve: magret
oke, retokihin,
mag-
ayos, ay
usin
touching adj. arousing tender feeling: makabagb
ag-p
uso, makabagb
agdamd
amin prep. concerning,
about: tungk
ol sa b
agay, b
agay sa,
hinggil sa
touchy adj. apt to take oense at
tries, too sensitive: masy
adong
maramd
amin
tough adj. 1 bending without
breaking: mak
unat 2 strong, hardy:
malak
as, matat
ag, matibay 3 hard,
dicult: mahirap 4 hard, e.g.,
meat: maganit, matig
as 5 hard
to inuence, stubborn: matig
as
ang u
lo, sutil, mahirap akitin 6
rough, disorderly: magul
o n. a
rough person, rowdy: butangero,
bas
ag-ulero
towards prep. in a certain place or
time: sa may band
a, sa may d
ako
towel n. a piece of cloth for wiping
and drying something wet: tuw
alya
town hall n. a building used for
a towns business: munisipyo,
gus
aling-b
ayan
toy n. 1 something for a child to
play with, plaything: laru
an 2
a thing that has little value or
importance: p
arang laru
an, munting
b
agay adj. made as a toy: laru
an

tractor

192

v. to play, amuse oneself, trie:

maglar
o, paglaru
an
tractor n. an engine on wheels for
pulling wagons, trucks. plows, etc.:
trakt
ora, tr
aktor
trademark n. a mark, picture,
name, etc. used by a manufacturer
or merchant to distinguish his
goods: tat
ak-pangkal
akal, mark
a
(m
arka) ng kal
akal
trail n. 1 anything that follows
along behind: bunt
ot 2 a track:
pinagda
anan, bak
as, land
as 3 a trail
in a forest or between mountains:
land
as 4 a path: da
an, land
as v.
1 to hunt by track or smell, follow
along behind: tumugayg
ay, tugaygay
an, umam
oy, amuyin, sumun
od,
sund
an, bumunt
ot, buntut
an 2 to
pull or drag along behind: humila,
hil
ahin, kumaladk
ad, kaladkarin
3 to be drawn along behind:
makaladk
ad, mahila-hila 4 to grow
along: gum
apang
train n. 1 a line of cars: tren 2 a
group of followers: mga ta
uhan, mga
tagasun
od, mga alag
ad, mga bunt
ot
3 a series, succession: pagkakasun
ud-sun
od, serye, sun
ud-sun
od
v. 1 to bring up: magpalaki,
palakihin 2 to teach, make skillful
by teaching and practice: magt
uro,
tur
uan, mags
anay, san
ayin 3 to
make or become t by exercise
and diet: maghersisyo, mahersisyo,
hersisyuhin, magpr
aktis, mapr
aktis,
praktisin, mags
an
ay, san
ayin 4 to
point, aim: mag-
umang, um
angan,
i
umang, mag-apunt
e, iapunte
traitor n. a person who betrays his
country, friend, a duty, etc.: taksil,
traid
or, lilo, suk
ab
tramp v. 1 to walk heavily: lum
akad
nang papady
ak 2 to step heavily
on: tum
apak, tap
akan, matap
akan,
yum
apak,
yap
akan,
mayap
akan
3 to walk or wander aimlessly:
magpag
ala-g
ala, gum
ala-g
ala 4
to walk, go on foot: maglak
ad,

travel

lum
akad, lak
arin n. 1 the sound
of a heavy step: pady
ak, lagap
ak
ng pa
a sa pagl
akad, yab
ag 2 a man
who wanders about and begs: hampasl
upa 3 a vagrant: bagam
undo,
t
aong lagal
ag 4 a freight ship: bap
or
na pangkargam
ento (pangangal
akal)
tranquil adj.
peaceful,
calm,
quiet: pay
apa, tiwas
ay, matiwas
ay,
atag
tahimik, pan
transcribe v. 1 to copy in writing
or typewriting: kum
opya, kopyahin,
igaw
a ng sipi, is
alin (is
ulat) sa
ib
ang papel, makinilyahin 2 to put
shorthand into regular writing or
typewriting: mags
alin, is
alin, is
ulat,
makinilayahin
transfer v. 1 to convey or remove
from one person or place to another:
maglipat, ilipat, mags
alin, is
alin 2
to change from one bus, streetcar, or
train to another: lumipat, sum
alin
3 to convey a drawing, design, etc.,
from surface to another: kum
opya,
kopyahin n. a transferring: lipat,
paglipat, paglilipat, s
alin, pags
alin,
pagsas
alin, pagk
opya
transistor n. a portable radio
receiving set: transistor
translate v. to change from one
language into another: mags
alin sa,
is
alin sa, magh
ulog sa, ih
ulog sa
transparent adj. 1 easily seen
through:
naaaninag,
nanganganinag, napaglalagus
an ng paningin
2 clear: malinaw, maliw
anag 3 easy
to see through or undestand in the
gurative sense: halat
ain, madaling
maunaw
aan
transportation n. 1 a transporting,
being transported: transportasy
on,
paglilip
at, paglul
ulan, paghak
ot,
paghahak
ot, paghahatid 2 a means of
transport: sasaky
an, transportasy
on
trash n. 1 worthless stu, rubbish:
bas
ura, yagit 2 foolish notions, talk,
or writing, nonsense: kalok
ohan
3 worthless people: mga wal
ang
kasays
ayang t
ao, mga bagamund
o

tray

193

travel v. 1 to go from one place

to another, journey: maglakb
ay,
maglib
ot (sa ib
at ib
ang d
ako) 2 to
move, proceed: maglakb
ay, makapaglakb
ay, tumakb
o, makatakb
o n.
a going from one place to another:
paglalakb
ay, paglilib
ot (sa ib
at ib
ang
d
ako), pagliliwaliw sa ib
ang b
ayan
tray n. 1 a at, shallow holder witha
rim around it: bandehan, trey 2 a
shallow box that ts into a trunk,
cabinet, etc.: trey, bandeha
treacherous adj. 1 not to be
trusted, not faithful: taksil, lilo,
suk
ab, hindi tap
at, traid
or 2
deceiving, not reliable, having
a false appearance of strength,
security, etc.: mandar
aya mad
aya,
mapand
aya, manlilinl
ang, mapanlinl
ang
tread v. 1 to walk: maglak
ad,
lum
akad, lak
arin 2 to step, set
the foot down: tum
apak, tap
akan,
yum
apak, yap
akan, tumunt
ong, tuntung
an 3 press under foot, trample,
crush: yum
urak, yur
akan n. 1
a way of walking: l
akad, pagl
akad,
t
apak, pagt
apak, y
apak, pagy
apak 2
the part of stairs or a ladder that a
person steps on: baitang
treadle n. a lever worked by the
foot to impart motion to a machine:
tapak
an, yapak
an
treasure n. 1 wealth or riches
stored up, valuable things: y
aman,
kayam
anan 2 anything that is much
valued, person loved: kayam
anan,
ang pinakam
amahal v. to value
highly: mahalagahin, pak
aingating
atan
treasurer n. a person in charge of
money: tesorero-a, ingat-y
aman,
tagaingat-y
aman
treat v. 1 to act toward: makit
ungo,
pakitung
uhan, tumar
ato, trat
uhin,
makis
ama, pakisam
ahan 2 to think
of, consider, regard: magpalag
ay,
ipalag
ay, magt
uring, it
uring 3 to
deal with in order to relieve or cure:

tricycle

gumam
ot, gamutin 4 to discuss, express in literature or art: tumal
akay,
talak
ayin 5 to entertain with food,
drink, or amusement: mag-any
aya
(anyay
ahan) sa is
ang kasays
ayan,
s
alu-s
alo, atb.; maghand
og (handug
an) ng kasay
ahan ,s
alu-s
alo
n. anything that gives pleasure:
hand
og, parang
al, hand
a
tree n. punungk
ahoy, p
unong-k
ahoy,
p
uno
tremor n. 1 shaking or trembling,
esp. of the earth or a building: yanig,
pagyanig 2 thrill of emotion or excitement: pangingilig 3 a trembling
due to fear or emotion: panginginig,
pangangat
al
triangle n. a gure having three
sides and three angles: triy
anggulo,
tatsul
ok
triangular adj. 1 three-cornered:
may tatl
ong s
ulok, triy
anggulo
2 shaped like a triangle: h
ugistriy
anggulo, p
arang triy
anggulo,
ayos-triy

anggulo
tribe n. 1 a group of people united
by race and customs under the same
leader: tribu, angk
an, lipi 2 a special class of people: angk
an, lipi 3
a set or group of people: kalip
unan,
pangk
at, gr
upo
trick n. 1 something done to deceive or cheat: d
aya, pagd
aya,
pagdar
aya,
lal
ang, paglalal
ang,
linl
ang, paglinl
ang, lansi, paglansi,
pakan
a 2 a clever act, feat of
skill:
katakatak
ang
(kah
angah
angang) gaw
a 3 slight of hand
feat: salam
angka, bilis ng kam
ay
4 the best way or a secret way of
doing something: pinakamah
usay na
para
an, lihim na para
an 5 a piece of
mischief: kapilyuh
an v. to deceive,
cheat: magd
aya, dum
aya, day
ain,
mad
aya, paglalang
an, manlinl
ang,
luminl
ang, m
alinlang, linlangin,
manlansi,
lumansi,
malansi,

lansihin
tricycle n. a three-wheeled vehicle

trim

194

worked by pedals or a motor:

tr
aysikel, trisiklo
trim v. 1 to make neat by cutting
away parts: magpakinis, pakinisin,
pumant
ay,
pantayin,
maggupit,

gumupit, gupitin, gupit

an 2 to decorate: maggay
ak, gayak
an, magpalamuti, palamutih
an, magdekorasy
on,
dekorasyun
an adj. neat, in good
order:
ayos, ma
ayos, malinis
trip n. 1 a journey: paglalakb
ay,
pasy
al 2 a sea trip: paglalay
ag
3 a pleasure trip: pagliliwaliw,
paglalakb
ay 4 a loss of footing, a
stumble: pagkadupilas, pagkadul
as,
pagkapatid, pagkatisod, pagkatalisod,
pagkatapil
ok 5 a light, quick step:
hakb
ang na patiy
ad, l
akad na
(takb
ong) patiy
ad, hakb
ang na
maga
ang at mabilis v. 1 to stumble: matalisod, matisod, madupilas,
madul
as, map
atid, matapil
ok 2 to
cause another to trip or stumble:
pum
atid, patirin, tumisod, tis
urin 3
to take light, quick steps: tumakb
o
nang patiy
ad 4 to trip and sprain
the foot: matapil
ok
tripe n. the wall of the stomach of
the ox, etc., used for food: lab
ot,
tripa
troop n. 1 a company, a group:
pangk
at, tr
opa, bark
ada 2 troops,
soldiers: mga k
awal (sund
alo) v.
1 to gather in troops or bands:
magkatipon, magtipun-tipon 2 to
go: pumunt
a, tum
ungo 3 to walk:
lum
akad
trouble v. 1 to disturb, cause
distress or worry to: manggul
o,
guluhin, manlig
alig, ligaligin, mambag
abag,
bagab
agin,
tumig
atig,
tigatigin, manggamb
ala, gambal
ain
2 to be disturbed or worried:
matig
atig, magamb
ala, malig
alig,
mabah
ala, mabag
abag, magul
o 3 to
take trouble, to bother: mag-abal
a,
magpakaabal
a, pagkaabalah
an 4 to
cause extra work or eort to, to
put someone to some inconvenience:

trunk

mang-ab
ala, abal
ahin 5 to cause
oneself inconvenience: mang-ab
ala,
magpakaabal
a n. 1 disturbance:
gul
o, kagul
uhan 2 distress, worry,
diculty:
lig
alig,
kaligaligan,
bag
abag,
pagkabag
abag,
balisa,
pagkabalisa, hil
ahil, pagkahil
ahil 3
extra work, bother, eort: ab
ala,
kaabalah
an, pagkaab
ala, gamb
ala,
kagambal
aan,
pagkagamb
ala
4
a disordered condition, as of a
machine: sira, kasira
an, pagkasira,
depekto 5 a quarrel:
away, aw
ayan,
away
an, b
asag-
ulo
trough n. 1 a long narrow container
for holding food or water, esp. for
animals: labang
an, sabs
aban 2 a roof
gutter: alul
od
trousers n. a two-legged outer garment reaching from the waist to the
ankles: pantal
on, salaw
al, put
ot
trowel n. 1 a tool for taking up
plants: dul
os, tr
owel 2 a tool for
spreading or smoothing plaster or
mortar: kuts
ara, tr
owel
truck n. a big cart for carrying
heavy loads: trak v. to carry on
a truck: hak
utin sa trak, isak
ay sa
trak
true adj. 1 agreeing with fact, not
false: toto
o, t
unay 2 real, genuine:
t
unay, talag
a, berdadero 3 faithful,
loyal: tap
at, matap
at 4 agreeing
with a standard, correct, exact:
t
unay, t
ama 5 rightful, lawful:
t
unay, leg
al, may karapat
an 6 to
be true or become true means to
agree with the facts: maging toto
o
(t
unay), magkatoto
o 7 to be faithful
or loyal: maging tap
at (matap
at)
truly adv. 1 in a true manner,
exactly, rightfully, faithfully: nang
tap
atan (toto
o), nang matap
at, nang
totoh
anan (tiy
akan) 2 really, in fact:
talag
a, t
unay
trunk n. 1 the main stem of a tree:
p
uno, kataw
an 2 a big box for
holding clothes, etc.: ba
ul, kab
an 3
a body without the head, arms and

trust

195

legs: kataw
an 4 an elephants snout:
ng
uso ng elep
ante
trust n. 1 faith, rm belief in
someones honesty, truth, justice,
or power: tiw
ala, pagtitiw
ala,
panan
alig 2 business credit: u
tang,
pa
utang 3 person or thing believed
in: pag-
asa v. 1 to believe rmly
in the honesty, justice, or power of
another: magtiw
ala, pagtiwal
aan,
man
alig, panaligan 2 to give
business credit to: magpa
utang,
paut
angin 3 to rely on, depend on:
um
asa, as
ahan 4 to hope: um
asa,
as
ahan 5 to commit to the care of:
maghabilin, ihabilin, magkatiw
ala,
ipagkatiw
ala
truth n. that which is true: katotoh
anan, ang toto
o
truthful adj. telling the truth:
tap
at, matap
at, nagt
atapat, mapagtap
at
tuber n. thick part of an underground stem: lam
ang-l
upa
tuberculosis n. a disease aecting
various tissues of the body but most
often the lungs: tisis, sakit na tuy
o,
pagkatuy
o, tibi, tuberkul
osis
Tuesday n. the third day of the
week, following Monday: Martes
tumor n. 1 a swelling: b
ukol 2 a
growth in any part of the body
caused by disease: tum
or
tumult n. 1 noise, uproar: ingay,
kaing
ayan, k
aingayan, pagkakaingay
2 a violent disturbance or disorder:
gul
o, pagkakagul
o, kagul
uhan
tune n. 1 a piece of music, an air
of melody: himig, tugt
ugin 2 the
proper pitch: t
ono 3 mood, manner:
kalo
oban, disposisy
on 4 agreement,
harmony: pagkakasund
o, mab
uting
pagpapalag
ayan
(pagsasamah
an)
v. 1 to put in tune: magt
ono,
it
ono, mag-apin
a, iapin
a, apinahin,
magsat
ono, isat
ono 2 to put an
engine, etc., into proper condition: magsa
ayos, isa
ayos, um
ayos,
ay
usin, mag-igi, pag-igihin, mag-

turtle

areglo, areglohin 3 to tune in,

to adjust a radio to hear what
is wanted: magbuk
as ng r
adyo sa
gust
ong palatunt
unan, buks
an ang
r
adyo sa gust
ong palatunt
unan
turkey n. 1 a large American bird:
p
abo 2 the esh of the turkey: p
abo,
karne ng p
abo
turn v. 1 to move round as a wheel
does: umikot, pumihit, uminog
2 to cause to move round as a
wheel does: magpaikot, paik
utin,
magpainog,
pain
ugin,
pumihit,
pihitin 3 to move part way round:
pumihit, ipihit, pihitin, papihitin,
bum
aling, ib
aling, pabalingin 4 to
take a new direction to: bum
aling,
ib
aling, pabalingin, lumik
o, ilik
o,
palikuin 5 to give a new direction
to: magb
aling, bum
aling, ib
aling,
balingan 6 to change, to become:
maging 7 to take a turn, to become
dizzy: mahilo n. 1 motion like
that of a wheel: ikot, pag-ikot,
pihit, pagpihit, inog, pag-inog 2 a
change of direction: lik
o, paglik
o,
pihit, pagpihit, b
aling, pagb
aling 3
opportunity, occasion: pagkak
ataon,
panah
on, o
ras, t
urno 4 a deed, act:
gaw
a 5 a twist, one round in a coil
of wire, rope, etc.: pul
upot, pilipit,
ikot 6 a change: pagbab
ago 7 by
turns, one after another: halinhinan,
turn
uhan, palitan, is
a-is
a, un
a-un
a,
hali-halili 8 to turn o means to
put out (a light, etc.): magpat
ay,
patayin 9 to shut o: magsar
a,
isar
a 10 to turn on, to let come, let
ow: magbuk
as, buks
an, bum
uhay,
buh
ayin 11 to turn out means to
put out: magpat
ay, patayin
turnout n. 1 a gathering of people:
mga t
aong nagsidal
o 2 output: ang
d
ami ng nag
agawa (produksiy
on)
turtle n. 1 an animal having a hard
shell and a soft body: pawikan 2
the smaller land turtle or tortoise:
pag
ong 3 to turn turtle, to turn
bottom side up: bumaligt
ad, tuma
ob,

tusk

196

mata
ob, tumiwarik, matiwarik
tusk n. a very long pointed, projecting tooth: p
angil
tutor n. 1 private teacher: sariling
tagapagt
uro,
prib
adong
g
uro,
tiy
utor 2 instructor at a college or
university: g
uro, propes
or, tiy
utor
v. to teach, instruct: magt
uro,
tur
uan, it
uro
tweezers n. small pincers for pulling
out hairs or for picking up very small
objects: tiyani
twelve n/adj. one more than 11:
d
ose, labindalaw
a
twice adv. 1 two times: makalaw
a,
dalaw
ang beses (
ulit) 2 doubly:
d
oble, dalaw
ang beses (ib
ayo)
twig n. a slender shoot of a tree or
other plant, very small branch: siit,
maliit na sang
a
twilight n. 1 the faint light reected
from the sky before the sun sets:
silim, takipsilim 2 dawn, break of
day: buk
ang-liwayw
ay
twist v. 1 to turn or cause to turn or
wind: umikot, magpaikot, paik
utin,
pumihit, pihitin 2 to wind together,
to wind: magpili, pumili, pilihin,
magpilipit, pumilipit, pilipitin 3 to
bend: magbalikuk
o, bumalikuk
o,
balikukuin, ibalikuk
o, magbalukt
ot,
bumalukt
ot, baluktutin, ibalukt
ot 4
to curve, to bend: magpalik
u-lik
o,
lumik
u-lik
o, palik
u-likuin 5 to
force or to become out of shape
or shape: magtabingi, tumabingi,
patabingiin, magkatabi-tabingi 6 to
distort the meaning of: bumalukt
ot,
baluktutin, bumaligt
ad, baligtarin,
mag-uwi (iuwi) sa ib
ang b
agay,
mag-ib
a ng kahulug
an, ibahin ang
kahulug
an 7 to twist the foot or
ankle: matapil
ok n. 1 a twisting:
pagbalukt
ot, pagpilipit, pagbalikuk
o
2 a thread, cord, or rope made of two
or more strands twisted together:
pili 3 a being twisted: pagkabalukt
ot,
pagkabalikuk
o, pagkapilipit
two num/adj. the number equal to

under

one plus one: dos, dalaw

a
typewriter n. machine for making
letters on paper: makinilya
typist n. one who types or operates
a typewriter: tagapagmakinilya,
tagamakinilya, t
aypist

U
ugly adj. 1 bad to look at: p
angit,
hindi magand
a 2 disagreeable, unpleasant: nakayayam
ot, nakaiinis,
nakasusukl
am, nakasus
uya 3 bad:
masam
a, hindi mabuti, di magand
a 4 threatening, dangerous:
mapang
anib, peligr
oso, nakatat
akot
5 ill-natured, bad-tempered, quarrelsome: mayam
utin, mayayam
utin,
palaaw
ay, bas
ag-ulero, bas
ag-ulera,
mainit ang u
lo, mat
apang
umbrella n. p
ayong
unbalanced adj. 1 not balanced,
out of equilibrium: tabingi, di
timb
ang 2 not entirely sane: kul
angkul
ang ang isip, sir
a-sir
a ang isip,
midy
u-midy
o
uncle n. the brother of ones father
or mother: tiy
o, tiyo, tiy
uhin, amain
unclean adj. 1 not clean, dirty:
marumi, mar
ungis 2 not pure
morally, evil: masam
a, mah
alay,
masagw
a, malasw
a
under prep. below, beneath: sa
il
alim ng, n
asa il
alim adv. less
than, mab
aba pa sa, wal
a pa sa,
hindi pa um
aabot sa, k
ulang pa sa
adj. 1 lower: pang-il
alim, mas (higit
na) mab
aba 2 under the house:
sa silong 3 under ones protection:
sa pagkakandili ni (ng) 4 under
oath: nanump
a, pinanumpa
an 5
under question: n
asa pagsisiy
asat,
sinisiyasat pa 6 under trial: sinus
ubok pa, n
asa pags
ubok pa 7
under the terms of, in accordance:
alinsun
od, b
atay 8 during the rule
or time of: sa panah
on ni (ng), sa
ilalim ni (ng) 9 represented by: sa

upstairs

197

ilalim ng 10 under the shelter of a

tree: nayuyungyung
an, nalililiman,
nasa il
alim
upstairs adj. on an upper oor: sa
ita
as, sa ita
as na palap
ag n. the
upper story: ang ita
as na palap
ag,
ang ita
as ng b
ahay
undergarment n. garment worn
under a dress or suit: damit na
(kasu
utang) panlo
ob (pang-il
alim)
underlayer n. something put under:
pang-il
alim na sapin (panapin)
underneath adv/prep.
beneath,
under, below: sa il
alim, sa ibab
a, sa
silong
undershirt n. the shirt worn next
to the skin, under other clothing:
kamiseta
understand v. 1 to get the meaning of: umintindi, intindihin,
maintindih
an, umun
awa, unaw
ain,
maunaw
aan 2 to know well, to know
how to deal with: makaun
awa, maunaw
aan, makaintindi, maintindih
an
3 to be informed, to learn: matal
os,
mal
aman, mabatid 4 to take as
a fact, to believe: maniw
ala,
paniwal
aan 5 to supply in the
mind: umal
am, alamin, mal
aman,
magsaisip, isaisip, masaisip 6 to
understand thoroughly, to comprehend: tumar
ok, matar
ok, tarukin 7
to know: umal
am, mal
aman, alamin
8 to realize: tumant
o, matant
o,
tantuin
understood adj. known: al
am,
nalal
aman, batid, nababatid, talast
as, natatalast
as
underwear n. clothing worn under
ones outer clothes: kasu
utang pangil
alim, damit na panlo
ob
undress v. 1 to take the clothes
o: maghub
ad, hubar
an, hubarin,
maghub
o, hubu
an, hubuin 2 to
strip fully: maghubot hub
ad, hubu
at
hubar
an
unfaithful adj. 1 not faithful, not
true to ones duty or promises,
faithless: taksil, hindi tap
at, lilo,

unlike

alibugh
a 2 not accurate, not exact:
hindi tump
ak, hindi t
ama, hindi
eks
akto, may mali, masam
a
unfasten v. 1 to undo, to untie,
loosen: magkal
ag, kalagin, magkal
as,

kalasin 2 to open: magbuk

as, buks
an
3 to detach: magtangg
al, tanggalin
unfold v. 1 to open the folds of,
to spread out: magbukadk
ad, buad,
mukadk
ad, bukadkarin, ibukadk
magladl
ad, lumadl
ad, maladl
ad,
iladl
ad 2 to reveal, to show: magbuny
ag, ibuny
ag, maglah
ad, ilah
ad,
magsiw
alat, isiw
alat 3 to explain:
magpaliw
anag, ipaliw
anag 4 to
open: magbuk
a, ibuk
a, magbuk
as,
ibuk
as, buks
an, magbuk
ad, bumuk
ad,
ibuk
ad
unfurl v. to spread out, to shake out,
to unfold: magladl
ad, iladl
ad
unhappy adj. 1 sad, sorrowful:
malungk
ot, nalulungk
ot, malumb
ay,
nalulumb
ay 2 unlucky: wal
ang
suwerte, m
alas, sinasam
a, wal
ang
kapal
aran 3 not suitable: di b
agay,
di angk
op
unvited adj. 1 not invited: hindi
kumbid
ado, hindi inanyay
ahan
2 without an invitation: wal
ang
paany
aya
unit n. 1 a single thing or person:
is
ang b
agay o t
ao 2 any group of
things or persons considered as
one: pangk
at, bah
agi 3 a standard
quantity of measure: pamant
ayan,
batay
ang s
ukat 4 a credit given in
school: y
unit 5 the smallest whole
number, one: is
a, u
no adj. of one:
ng is
a, ng b
awat is
a
universe n. 1 all things, everything
there is: sansin
ukob, santinakp
an,
sandaigdigan, sandaigdig 2 the
world: daigdig, mund
o, m
undo,
sangkalupa
an
unkind adj. harsh, cruel: malupit,
mas
ungit, wal
ang
awa, wal
ang
hab
ag, nakasasakit
unlike adj. 1 not like, dierent: di
kat
ulad, di magkat
ulad, di kaw
angis,

unravel

198

di magkaw
angis, ib
a, magkaib
a 2 different in appearance: hindi magkamukh
a, hindi kamukh
a prep. different from: ib
a sa
unravel v. 1 to separate the threads
of, to pull apart: kumal
as, kalasin,
tumast
as, tastasin 2 to come apart:
makal
as, matast
as 3 to bring out of
a tangled state, to clear from complication, to solve: lumut
as, malut
as,
lutasin, lum
utas, mal
utas, lut
asin
unripe adj. 1 not ripe: hil
aw, hindi
pa hin
og, hindi pa mag
ulang 2 immature: m
ura, wal
a pa sa (hust
ong)
g
ulang
unruly adj. hard to rule or control,
lawless: matig
as ang u
lo, magul
o,
nagkakagul
o, simar
on, di mas
upil
unsteady adj. 1 not steady, shaky:
mabuw
ay, mahina, hindi matat
ag,

hindi matibay, wal

ang tat
ag, wal
ang
tibay 2 likely to change, not reliable:
malam
ang mab
ago, di maaas
ahan,
hindi pirmihan, hindi palagian,
pab
agu-b
ago
unstitched adj. not seamed, ripped:
tast
as, hindi tahi, pigt
as ang tahi
unsymmetrical adj. uneven: kabil
an, hindi timb
ang, hindi pareho,
tabingi
untidy adj. 1 not neat, not in order: magul
o, hindi ma
ayos, wal
ang
ayos (kaayus

an) 2 dirty: marumi,

mar
ungis
up adv. from a lower to a higher
place: paita
as, pata
as prep.
near the top of, at the top of: sa
ita
as ng adj. 1 in an erect position: patay
o, nakatay
o, patindig,

nakatindig 2 above the ground:

lit
aw, nakalit
aw, n
asa ib
abaw 3 out
of bed: nakab
angon na 4 at an end:
tap
os na 5 to climb up: umaky
at,
akyatin 6 to come up: pumanhik,
panhikin 7 to get up: bum
angon,
magb
angon, tumay
o, tumindig 8 to
set up, to put up: magtay
o, itay
o
9 ups and downs: tagump
ay at
pagkabig
o, pagb
uti at pagsam
a ng

us

kapal
aran v. to raise: magpata
as,
pataasin, magpalaki, palakhin
upbringing n. a bringing up, care
and training given to a child while
growing up: pagpapalaki, pagtut
uro,
pag-aal
aga
upper adj.
1
higher:
ita
as,
d
akong ita
as 2 to have the upper hand means to be in control
of: mamah
ala, pamahal
aan, n
asa
kapangyarihan (kam
ay) ng o ni 3 to
have the advantages: may bent
aha
n. the part of a shoe above the sole:
ang d
ahon (ib
abaw, pang-ib
abaw) ng
sap
atos
upright adv. in an erect manner:
nang matuwid (tuwid), nang patay
o
(patindig) adj. 1 standing up
straight, erect: patay
o, nakatay
o,
patindig, nakatindig, tuwid 2 good:
mab
uti 3 honest: tap
at, matap
at
4 just: makatar
ungan, matwid,
maibigin sa katwiran n. something standing erect, a vertical piece
of wood: p
oste, haliging nakatay
o,
t
ukod
upside n. the upper side: ib
abaw,
ang d
akong (p
anig na) pang-ita
as
upward adj. towards a higher
position: pata
as, paita
as adv.
1 towards the source: pasalung
a,
pasalub
ong, pata
as, paita
as 2 towards a higher place: paaky
at 3
upward of, more than: higit sa, l
abis
sa
urinate v. to discharge urine from
the body: umihi, man
ubig
urine n. the uid that is secreted
by the kidneys and later discharged
from the body: ihi
us pron. 1 the person speaking
and his companion or companions,
excluding the person or persons
addressed: kami 2 the person
speaking including the person or
persons addressed: t
ayo 3 to, for,
with us: sa a
min (excluding the
person or persons addressed), sa
atin (including the person or persons

use

199

addressed) 4 by us: n
atin, n
amin 5
like us: g
aya n
atin (n
amin)
use v. 1 to employ, to make use of:
gum
amit, gamitin 2 to use up, to
consume entirely: ma
ubos na lah
at
3 used to, means accustomed to:
bih
asa, san
ay 4 formerly did: d
ati,
no
on, no
ong u
na n. 1 the act of
using: pagg
amit 2 a suitableness
or adaptability to an end: g
amit,
kagamit
an 3 the occasion or need
to employ, necessity: kail
angan,
pangangail
angan,
paggagamitan
4 no use, no advantage, no good
to be gained, useless: wal
ang kapakinabang
an, wal
ang kabutihan,
wal
ang kasays
ayan, wal
ang kabuluh
an, wal
ang kaparar
akan, hindi
kail
angan, in
util
useful adj. 1 of use, giving service,
helpful: kapaki-pakin
abang, napapakinab
angan 2 important: mahalag
a,
makabuluh
an
useless adj. 1 of no use, worthless: wal
ang kasays
ayan, wal
ang
kaukul
an, wal
ang kuwenta, wal
ang
silbi, in
util, wal
ang kagamit
an 2
not needed, not necessary: hindi
kail
angan
usual adj.
in
common
use,
common,
ordinary:
karaniwan,
pangkaraniwan,
kaugali
an,
kinaugalian, kinagawi
an, pinagkahiratihan, napagkahiratihan

V
vague adj. 1 not clear, not distinct:
mal
abo hindi maliw
anag, hindi
malinaw 2 not sure, not denite:
hindi tiy
ak, wal
ang katiy
akan
valley n. low land between hills or
mountains: lab
ak, lamb
ak
value n. 1 excellence, usefulness,
importance: halag
a, kahalagah
an,
says
ay, kasays
ayan, kabuluh
an 2
worth, power to buy: halag
a 3 the
real worth, proper price: t
unay

vein

na (talag
ang) halag
a o presyo 4
meaning: kahulug
an, kabuluh
an,
says
ay, kasays
ayan 5 eect, force:
bisa, epekto 6 advantage: kapakinabang
an, bent
aha v. to rate at a
certain value or price, to estimate
the value of: maghalag
a, halagah
an
vanquish v. 1 to conquer: manl
upig,
mal
upig, lupigin 2 to defeat:
tum
alo, mat
alo, tal
unin, magg
upo,
maig
upo, ig
upo
vapor n. 1 the steam from boiling
water: sing
aw 2 the moisture in the
air that can be seen: ham
og 3 a fog,
mist: u
lap, u
lop 4 a gas formed from
a substance that is usually a liquid
or a solid: p
awis 5 the vapor rising
from the ground: alim
uom, sing
aw
vase n. a holder or container used for
ornament or folding owers: plorera
vast adj. 1 very large, expansive:
mal
awak, napakal
awak 2 huge:
malaki, napakalaki
vat n. a tank, a large container for
liquids: tangke, t
angke
vegetable n. 1 a plant grown for
food: g
ulay, gulayin 2 a plant of any
kind: hal
aman, tanim adj. having
to do with plants: may kinal
aman
sa halaman
an, sa (
ukol sa) hal
aman
vehicle n. any conveyance used on
land: sasaky
an, behikulo
veil n. 1 a piece of thin material
worn so as to fall over the head and
shoulders: belo, talukb
ong, pind
ong,
kulub
ong 2 a heavy veil used by one
in mourning: lamb
ong 3 anything
that screens or hides: t
abing, takip,
lamb
ong v. 1 to cover with a veil:
bel
ohan, talukbung
an, pindung
an,
kulubung
an 2 to wear a veil:
magbelo, magsu
ot ng belo, maglag
ay
ng belo 3 to cover, hide: maglihim,
ilihim, magkubli, ikubli, magt
ago 4
to take the veil, to become a nun:
magm
adre, magm
ongha
vein n. 1 one of the blood vessels
that carry blood to the heart from
all parts of the body: ug
at 2 a rib

vertigo

200

of a leaf or of an insects wing: ug

at,
tady
ang 3 a crack or seam in rock
lled with dierent mineral: balat
ok,
balit
ok 4 any streak or marking of
a dierent shade or color in wood,
marble, etc.: gisok, hil
atsa 5 a special character or disposition, state of
mind, mood: hilig, ug
ali, lag
ay ng
kalo
oban (kaloob
an)
vertigo n. dizziness, giddiness: hilo,
pagkahilo, liy
o, pagkaliy
o, l
ula,
pagkal
ula, s
awan, pagkas
awan
very adv. 1 much, greatly, extremely: lubh
a, l
abis, u
bod, sakd
al,
also rendered by n
apaka prexed
to the root of the adjective or by
pagka prexed to the reduplication of the root of the adjective 2
absolutely, exactly: din, rin, mismo
adj. 1 real, true, genuine: toto
o,
talag
a, t
unay 2 actual: mismo,
kasaluk
uyan 3 same: iy
on din 4
even, mere: l
amang, k
ahit, maski
vex v. 1 to annoy, to anger by
tries, to provoke: mangyam
ot,
makayam
ot, mayam
ot, yamutin,
mang-inis,
mainis,
makainis,
uminis, inisin 2 to disturb:
manggul
o,
gumul
o,
guluhin,
manggamb
ala, gumamb
ala, gambal
ain,
mambalisa,
bumalisa,
balisahin
vice n. 1 an evil habit or tendency:
bisyo, masam
ang pinagkabihasn
an,
masam
ang ug
ali (hilig) 2 evil,
wickedness: kasama
an, bisyo 3

fault, bad habit: bisyo

victory n. a defeating of an enemy or opponent, success in a
contest: tagump
ay, pagtatagump
ay,
pagwawagi, pan
alo, panan
alo
view n. 1 the act of seeing or
viewing:
pagtingin,
pagtan
aw,
panono
od 2 sight: tingin, pagkakita,
pagkatan
aw 3 power of seeing,
range of the eye: tingin, tan
aw,
paningin 4 a thing seen, a scene:
tan
awin, panoorin 5 a picture of
some scene: lar
awan (ng tan
awin) 6

violate

a mental picture, an idea: kaalam

an,
kabatir
an, ide
a, idea 7 a way of
looking at or considering a matter,
opinion: pagkil
ala, opiny
on, palag
ay,
k
uro, kuru-k
uro v. 1 to consider,
to regard: magpalag
ay, ipalag
ay 2 to
see, to look at: mano
od, panoorin,
tumingin,
tingn
an,
tuman
aw,
tanawin, magm
alas, mal
asin, magmasid, masd
an 3 in view means (a)
in sight: tan
aw, natatan
aw, kita,
nakikita (b) under consideration:
isinasa
alang-
alang (c) as a purpose
or intention: tung
uhin, punt
ahin,
hang
ad, hang
arin, tangk
a, lay
unin
4 in view of, considering or because
of: d
ahil sa 5 on view, to be seen,
open for people to see: hay
ag, kita,
tan
aw, lant
ad 6 with a view to
means (a) with the purpose or
intention of: sa hang
ad, sa lay
unin,
sa tangk
a (b) with a hope of,
expecting: sa pag-
asa, sa ak
ala
7 exposed to view: hay
ag, kita,
nakikita, tan
aw, natatan
aw, lant
ad
vigil n. 1 eve of a feast: bisper
as 2
a keeping awake during the usual
hours of sleep: pagpupuy
at, l
amay,
paglal
amay 3 a devotional watching,
evening or nocturnal devotions:
pagtat
anod, pagbabant
ay 4 to keep
vigil before the Blessed Sacrament:
magt
anod (magbant
ay) sa har
ap
ng Santisimo 5 to keep vigil, to
keep awake during the usual hours
of sleep: magpuy
at, pagpuyat
an,
magl
amay, paglam
ayan
village n. 1 a group of houses
smaller than a town: n
ayon, b
aryo
2 the people of a village: ang mga
t
ao sa n
ayon, ang mga tagan
ayon,
ang mga t
aong-n
ayon
villain n.
a
wicked
person:
masam
ang t
ao, kontrabida, kal
aban
ng bida, bely
ako, t
aong tampal
asan,
buh
ong, taksil
violate v. 1 to break a law, rule,
agreement, promise, etc.: lumab
ag,
labagin, sumuw
ay, suwayin
2

violence

201

to act contrary to, to fail to

perform:
kum
ontra,
kontrahin,
hindi sumun
od, hindi sundin,
sumalung
at, salungatin 3 to break
in upon, to disturb: bum
asag,
bas
agin, gumul
o, guluhin, sumira,
sir
ain 4 to treat with disrespect
or
contempt:
manlapast
angan,
lumapast
angan,
lapastang
anin,
mangh
amak, hum
amak, ham
akin
5 to use force against: mandah
as,
dahasin 6 to rape: gumahis,
manggah
asa gumah
asa gahas
ain,
hum
alay,
hal
ayin,
gaw
an
ng
mah
alay
violence n. 1 rough force in action:
dah
as, lak
as 2 rough or harmful action or treatment: dah
as,
karahas
an, pagkamarah
as, lupit,
kalupit
an, pagkamalupit 3 harm,
injury: pins
ala, kapinsal
aan 4
intensity: sidhi, kasidhi
an 5 moral
violence: pus
ok, kapusuk
an, lupit,
kalupit
an
violet n. 1 a plant with purple, blue,
yellow, or white owers: biyoleta
2 a bluish purple color: biyoleta,
lila adj. having a bluish purple
color: biyoleta, lila, k
ulay-biyoleta,
k
ulay-lila
vise n. a tool having two jaws moved
by a screw used to hold an object
rmly while work is being done on
it: g
ato
visible adj. 1 that can be seen:
kita, nakikita, tan
aw, natatan
aw,
lant
ad sa paningin 2 obvious: lit
aw,
maliw
anag, malinaw 3 apparent:
halat
a, kita
visit v. 1 to go to see: pumunt
a
2 to make a call, to stay with, to
make a stay, to be a guest: bumisita,
bisit
ahin, dum
alaw, dal
awin 3 to
come upon: datn
an, dap
uan n.
the act of visiting, short stay: d
alaw,
pagd
alaw, bisita, pagbisita
visitor n. 1 a person who visits;
guest: pana
uhin, d
alaw, bisita 2 a
stranger from another place: d
ayo,

wait

day
uhan
voice n. 1 the sound made through
the mouth: tinig, b
oses 2 the right
to express an opinion or choice:
karapat
ang magpah
ayag (magbig
ay)
ng k
uru-k
uro, karapat
ang magsalit
a
3 a form of the verb that shows
whether the subject acts or is acted
upon: tinig v. to express, to utter:
magpah
ayag, ipah
ayag, mags
abi,
sabihin
voracious adj. eating much, greedy
in
eating:
mat
akaw, masiba,
napakat
akaw, napakasiba
vow n. 1 solemn promise: sump
a,
matap
at na pang
ako, taimtim na
pang
ako 2 a promise made to
God: pan
ata (sa Diy
os), ban
al na
pan
ata v. 1 to make a vow:
magpan
ata, maman
ata, ipan
ata 2 to
take vows as a religious: magpropes
a
3 to declare earnestly or emphatically: mang
ako (manump
a) nang
taimtim

W
wade v. 1 to walk through water, snow, sand, mud or anything
that hinders free motion: lum
akad
(maglak
ad) nang pain
ut-in
ot sa
t
ubig 2 to make ones way with
diculty: mag-in
ut-in
ot, pag-in
utinut
an, in
ut-inutin 3 to cross by
wading: tumawid (tawirin) ng l
akad
na pain
ut-in
ot
wager n. a bet: pust
a, tay
a v. to
bet: pumust
a, pustah
an, ipust
a, tumay
a, tay
an, taya
an, itay
a
wait v. 1 to stay till someone comes
or something happens: maghint
ay,
hintayin, mag-ant
ay, antayin, magant
abay, antabay
anan, mag-ab
ang,
abang
an 2 to delay or put o:
umant
ala, antalah
anin, magpaliban,

ipagpaliban, buminbin, binbinin 3 to

look forward: um
asa, as
ahan, maghint
ay, hintayin 4 to act as a servant:

waitress

202

magsilbi, silbih
an, pagsilbih
an n.
1 the act or time of waiting: paghihint
ay, pag-aant
ay, pag-aant
abay 2
to lie in wait, to stay hidden ready
to attack: mag-ab
ang, abang
an,
bum
akay, bak
ayan, tumamb
ang,
manamb
ang, tambang
an
waitress n. a female waiter: serbid
ora, weytres
wake v. 1 to stop sleeping: gumising,
magising, gisingin 2 to cause to stop
sleeping: pum
ukaw, makap
ukaw,
puk
awin, gumising, makagising,
gisingin 3 to become alive or
active: sumigl
a, maging masigl
a 4
to make alive or active: magpasigl
a,
pasiglahin n. 1 a watching, allnight watch kept beside the body of
a dead person: l
amay, paglal
amay,
lamay
an, pagpupuy
at 2 the track left
behind a moving ship, trace or trail:
dinaan
an (pinagdaan
an) ng bap
or,
dina
anan (pinagda
anan) ng bap
or,
bak
as, land
as 3 to attend a wake:
magl
amay, paglam
ayan, magpuy
at,
pagpuyat
an, pagpuy
atan 4 in the
wake of, following, behind, after:
pagkat
apos, pagkara
an, pagkar
aan,
pagkalipas, kasun
od
walk v. 1 to go on foot: maglak
ad,
lum
akad, lak
arin 2 to go over,
on, or through: magpal
akad-l
akad,
lum
akad-l
akad,
lak
ad-lak
arin
3
to cause to walk, to make go
slowly: magpal
akad, palak
arin 4
to walk, swaying from side to side
as though drunk: sum
uray-s
uray,
magpas
uray-s
uray, hum
apay-h
apay,
magpah
apay-h
apay 5 to walk in an
aected manner: magpagiri-giri,
gumiri-giri 6 to take a walk:
mamasy
al, magpasy
al n. 1 act of
walking: l
akad, pagl
akad, paglalak
ad
2 way of walking: l
akad, pagl
akad
3 a place for walking: pasy
alan,
pamasy
alan 4 distance to walk:
lakarin 5 taking a walk: pasy
al,
pamamasy
al 6 walk of life, a way of
living: u
ri ng pamum
uhay

war

wall n. 1 the side of a house, room,

or other hollow thing: pader, tabiki,
dingding 2 stone, brick, or other
material built up to enclose, divide,
support, or protect: pader v. to
enclose, to divide, to protect, or ll
with a wall: magpader, pader
an,
magb
akod (bak
uran ) ng pader,
sarh
an (lagy
an) ng dingding
wallet n. 1 a folding pocketbook
for paper money, papers, etc.,
at leather case: kartera, pit
aka,
alet 2 a
portamon
eda, kalupi, w
bag for carrying things when on a
journey: maleta, maletin, bag
wand n. a slender stick or rod:
bast
on, bat
on
wander v. 1 to move about without any special purpose: gum
ala,
magpag
ala-g
ala,
gum
ala-g
ala,
maggal
a,
lumibot,
maglib
ot,
magpalibut-libot,
lumibut-libot,
magpal
akad-l
akad, lum
akad-l
akad 2
to go from the right way: lumihis,
malihis, ilihis, lihis
an (ng da
an)
want v. 1 to wish for, to wish: gust
o,
g
usto, magkagust
o, magkag
usto,
gustuhin, ibig, maibigan 2 to
lack, to be without: magk
ulang,
kul
angin 3 to need: mangail
angan,
kailang
anin n. 1 a thing desired or
needed: ibig, kaibig
an, gust
o, g
usto,
kagust
uhan, kail
angan 2 a condition
of being without something desired
or needed, lack, need: k
ulang, kakulang
an, kail
angan, pangangail
angan,
kawal
an 3 poverty: kasalat
an,
pagsasal
at, karalita
an, pagdaralit
a,
paghihikah
os, kahir
apan, paghihirap
wanting adj, prep. 1 lacking:
k
ulang, nagkuk
ulang, kinuk
ulang,
kap
os, kinakap
os 2 missing: wal
a,
nawawal
a 3 not coming up to a
standard or need: k
ulang, kap
os
war n. 1 a ght carried on by force
between nations or parts of a nation:
digm
a, digm
aan, gera, giyera 2 a
ghting, strife, conict: laban
an,
pagl
aban, paglal
aban, pakikil
aban,

wardrobe

203

paghah
amok, pakikih
amok v. to
ght, to make war: magdigm
a,
magdigm
aan, makidigm
a, digmain,
maggera,
maggiyera,
ger
ahin,
giyer
ahin adj. used in war,
having to do with war: g
amit
sa digm
a(digm
aan, gera), may
kinal
aman sa digm
aan, pandigm
a
wardrobe n. 1 a closet or piece
of furniture for holding clothes:
aparad
or, lalagy
an ng damit 2 a
stock of clothes: mga damit
warm adj. 1 more hot than cold:
mainit 2 that makes or keeps warm:
pampainit, mainit 3 exciting, lively:
mainit, maap
oy, masigl
a 4 having
or showing lively feeling, zealous, enthusiastic: masigl
a 5 humid and hot:
alins
angan, maalins
angan v. 1
to make warm: magpainit, painitin,
painitan, iinit 2 to be or become
warm: uminit, umalins
angan 3 to
become cheered, interested, friendly,
or sympathetic: sumigl
a 4 to make
lively: magpasigl
a, pasiglahin
warmth n. 1 a being warm: init,
kainitan 2 a lively feeling: sigl
a,
kasiglah
an
warning n. 1 something that warns:
b
ala, babal
a, paala
ala 2 an advance notice: paala
ala 3 a notice:
paun
awa, patalast
as
wary adj. cautious, careful: maingat
wash v. 1 to clean with water:
magh
ugas, hug
asan 2 to wash the
face: maghil
amos, hilam
usan 3
to wash the hands witn water:
maghin
aw, magh
ugas ng kam
ay,
hug
asan ang kam
ay 4 to wash
or rinse the mouth: magm
umog,
mum
ugan 5 to wash clothes:
maglab
a, labh
an 6 to wash away
means (a) to carry by liquid:
ma
anod, i
anod, matang
ay, tangayin
7 to make wet: magbas
a, basain 8
to become wet: mabas
a 9 to cover
with a thin coating of color or of
metal: magp
ahid, pahiran n. 1
a washing: paghuh
ugas, paglalab
a,

water

paghihil
amos, paghihin
aw 2 the
clothes already washed: lab
ada,
nilabh
ang mga damit 3 clothes to
be washed: lab
ahin, lalabhin 4 a
motion or rush of water: salp
ok
ng t
ubig 5 waste liquid matter,
liquid garbage: h
ugas, pinaghug
asan
6 a mouth wash: pangm
umog 7
hair wash: pang
ugo, pangh
ugas ng
buh
ok, siyamp
u
wasp n. a kind of insect that has a
slender body and a powerful sting:
putakti
watch v. 1 to look attentively or
carefully: magmasid, pagmasd
an,
masd
an, mano
od, panoorin 2 to look
at: magmasid, masd
an, pagmasd
an,
tumingin, tingn
an 3 to look or wait
with care and attention: maghint
ay,
hintayin, mag-ab
ang, abang
an 4
to be careful or very careful: magingat, magpakaingat, pakaing
atan
5 to keep guard: magbant
ay,
bumant
ay, bantay
an, magt
anod,
tum
anod, tan
uran, gumuw
ardiya,
magguw
ardiya, guwardiyah
an
6
to stay awake for some purpose:
magbant
ay, bantay
an (sa gabi),
magpuy
at, pagpuyat
an, magl
amay,
paglam
ayan n. 1 careful, continuous
observation:
pagt
anod,
pagtat
anod, pagbant
ay, pagbabant
ay,
pagguw
ardiya, pagguguw
ardiya 2
a person or persons employed to
guard: t
anod, bant
ay, guw
ardiya
3 a period of time for guarding:
oras (t

urno) ng pagbabant
ay o
pagguw
ardiya 4 a thing for telling
time: rel
o, rel
os, oras
an 5 staying
awake for some purpose: paglal
amay,
pagpupuy
at, pagbabant
ay
water n. t
ubig v. 1 to sprinkle
or wet with water: magdilig, diligin
2 to give a drink to: magpain
om,
painumin 3 to weaken by adding
water: magbant
o, bantu
an 4 to ll
with water, to discharge water, e.g.,
the eyes: magpal
uha, magluh
a,
lum
uha,
mapaluh
a,
paluh
ain,

water closet

204

magtubig, magkat
ubig 5 to discharge water, e.g. from the mouth:
maglaw
ay, papaglawayin
water closet toilet ushed with
water: inod
oro, kum
on, kubeta,
palik
uran, kasilyas
waterfall n. the fall of water from a
high place: tal
on
watermelon n. a large juicy melon:
pakw
an
wave n. 1 a moving ridge or swell
of water:
alon 2 a waving: kaw
ay,
pagkaw
ay, wagayw
ay, pagwawagayw
ay 3 a curve or series of
curves:
alon,
alun-
alon, lund
o,
lund
u-lund
o 4 curl, esp. of hair:
kul
ot, pagkakakul
ot v. 1 to move
with a waving motion: pumagasp
as
2 to move back and forth: kumaw
ay,
ikaw
ay, kumamp
ay, ikamp
ay, magwagayw
ay, iwagayw
ay 3 to signal
by waving: kumaw
ay, kaway
an 4
to move back and forth as a ag
in the air: magwagayw
ay, wumagayw
ay, iwagayw
ay 5 to make curly:
magkul
ot, kulutin, kulut
an
way n. 1 a manner, style: m
oda,
u
so, kalakar
an 2 a means, method:
para
an, pamamara
an, kaparaan
an
3 respect, particular: para
an, kaparaan
an, b
agay 4 direction: g
awi,
d
ako, p
anig 5 a coming or going,
approaching: pagl
apit, pagt
ungo,
pagpunt
a 6 distance: l
ayo, agw
at,
dist
ansiya 7 a path, road: da
an,
land
as 8 a space for passing or going
ahead: puw
ang, lug
ar, da
an, daan
an
9 a habit, custom: ug
ali, kaugali
an,
kinabihasn
an, kilos, g
awi, kinagawi
an 10 ones wish, will: gust
o,
g
usto, kagust
uhan, ibig, sariling
kalo
oban, sariling gust
o 11 a condition, state: lag
ay, kalag
ayan 12 a
course of life or action: pamum
uhay,
b
uhay 13 by way of means (a)
through, by the route of: sa pamamagitan ng da
an sa (b) as, for:
bilang, p
ara 14 to give way means
(a) to retreat: um
urong (b) yield:

wear

sum
uko (c) to break down, to fail:
bumags
ak, mabags
ak (d) to abandon
oneself to emotion: magbig
ay-da
an,
bigy
ang-da
an, hindi makapagpigil,
hindi mapigilan (e) to allow to
pass: magpara
an, paraanin, tumabi,
magbig
ay (bigy
an) ng da
an 15
under way means (a) going on, in
progress: kasaluk
uyang gin
agawa,
isinasagaw
a, ginagaw
a (b) in
motion:
lumal
akad,
tumatakb
o,
umaand
ar 16 in ones way, interfering: nakasasag
abal, nakahahadl
ang,
humahadl
ang 17 out of the way,
far or not on the way: mal
ayo sa
daan
an, wal
a sa dinara
anan 18
ways and means: mga para-para
an,
mga kaparaan
an 19 by the way:
maib
a ak
o, siyang
a pal
a
we pron. the persons speaking, people in general including the speaker:
t
ayo (including the person or persons
spoken to), kami (excluding the person or persons spoken to)
weak adj. 1 lacking physical
strength, feeble: mahina 2 lacking
in power to perform a function
properly: mahina 3 of less than
the usual strength, e.g., in taste: di
mat
apang, matab
ang, wal
ang t
apang
4 weak, due to decay: marup
ok,
gat
o, mahina 5 weak, due to
tiredness: lupayp
ay, nanlalamb
ot,
nanlalat
a 6 weak, due to poor
construction or poor materials used:
mahina n. a person or thing that
is weak: ang mahina
weapon n. a thing used in ghting:
sand
ata, arm
as
wear v. 1 to have on the body:
magsu
ot, isu
ot, gum
amit, gamitin
2 to last long, give good service:
tumag
al, makatag
al, magtag
al 3
to use up, to be used up: ma
ubos,
mapudp
od, pumur
ol, mapur
ol 4
to wear out, to become damaged
through use: masira 5 to wear one
out, to tire or be tired: pum
agod,
map
agod, makap
agod, pag
urin n.

weather

205

1 wearing: isinusu
ot, ginag
amit,
g
amit, pananamit, 2 the act of
wearing: pagsusu
ot, pagkakasu
ot,
pagg
amit, pagkag
amit 3 clothing:
mga damit, kasu
utan 4 a lasting
quality, service: tibay, katib
ayan,
serbisyo
weather n. 1 the condition of the
air: panah
on 2 climate: klima v. 1
to expose to the weather: malant
ad
(ilant
ad) sa init, a
raw, lamig, ul
an
o h
angin 2 to go or come through
safely: maligtas
an, makaligt
as
adj. towards or against the wind:
pasal
unga sa h
angin
Wednesday n. the fourth day of the
week, following Tuesday: Miyerkoles
weeds n. a useless or troublesome
plant: dam
o, s
ukal na dam
o v.
1 to take weeds out of: gum
amas,
gam
asan,
gam
asin,
magb
unot
(bun
utan) ng dam
o, mag-alis
(alis
an) ng s
ukal na dam
o 2 to wipe
out: lip
ulin
week n. the period consisting of
seven days: lingg
o
weekly adj. of a week, for a week,
lasting a week: sa lo
ob ng is
ang
lingg
o, sa sanlingg
o, lingg
uhan
adv. 1 once each week: lingg
uhan,
minsan sa is
ang lingg
o 2 every week:
lingg
u-lingg
o n. a newspaper or
magazine published once a week:
lingg
uhang-babasahin, lingg
uhan
weigh v. 1 to nd out how heavy a
thing is: magtimb
ang, tumimb
ang,
timbangin 2 to have as a measure
by weight: tumimb
amg, magkatimb
ang 3 to have importance:
magkahalag
a, mahalagahin, pahalagah
an, maging mahalag
a 4 to
bend by weight: mahut
ok, humut
ok
5 to bear down, to be a burden:
makabig
at 6 to consider carefully:
magdilidili, pagdilidilihin, dilidilihin,
magsa
alang-
alang, isa
alang-
alang
weight n. 1 how heavy a thing is,
the amount a thing weighs: timb
ang,
big
at 2 a piece of metal used in

wet

weighing things: bat

ong pabig
at
3 a heavy thing or mass: pabig
at,
pandag
an 4 a load, a burden: big
at 5
inuence, importance, value: halag
a,
kahalag
ahan v. 1 to add weight
to: magpabig
at, pabigatin, makabig
at
2 to burden: magpahirap, pahir
apan
weighty adj. 1 heavy: mabig
at,
matimb
ang, matindi 2 important,
inuential: mahalag
a 3 burdensome: pabig
at, pampabig
at, pahirap,
pampahirap
well adv. 1 all right, in a satisfactory, favorable, or good manner:
mab
uti, mah
usay, kasiy
a-siy
a, magaling 2 thoroughly, in detail: lub
os,
lah
at, gan
ap, mab
uti 3 much, to a
considerable degree: mar
ami, malaki
adj. 1 in good health: mab
uti,
magaling, malak
as, malus
og 2 satisfactory, good, right, nice: mab
uti,
mah
usay, magaling, mainam, magand
a 3 well is sometimes used
to show mild surprise or merely to
ll in: ab
a, buweno, siy
a 4 well o
means (a) in good condition: n
asa
mab
uting kalag
ayan (b) fairly rich:
may k
aya sa b
uhay, nakaririwas
a,
mariwas
a, may
aman
well-bred adj. well brought up,
having or showing good manners:
eduk
ado-a,
may
pinag-ar
alan,
matin
o
well-known adj. 1 clearly or
fully known: lag
anap, balita, kal
at,
palas
ak 2 generally or widely known:
kilal
a, bant
og, popul
ar, tany
ag
welt n. 1 a strip of leather between
the upper part and the sole of a
shoe: ribete 2 a streak or ridge
made on the skin by a stick or whip:
l
atay v. to beat severely (used in
common talk): pum
alo, map
alo,
pal
uin, lumatig
o, latiguhin, gumulpi,
magulpi, gulpihin Note: to these
verbs add the adverb mabuti to
connote severely
wet adj. 1 soaked with water: bas
a
2 covered with water: may t
ubig,

whale

206

mat
ubig 3 rainy: tag-ul
an, maul
an
v. 1 to make wet: magbas
a, basain
2 to be wet, to get wet: mabas
a
n. wetness, rain: ul
an
whale n. an animal shaped like
a huge sh and living in the sea:
balyena
wharf n. platform built on the shore
or out from the shore, beside which
ships can load and unload: da
ungan,
muwelye, pantal
an
what pron. 1 used in asking questions about persons or things: an
o,
an
u-an
o 2 that which, anything
that, any that: kung an
o interj.
what is often used to show surprise, liking, dislike, or other feeling:
an
o
whatever pron. 1 anything that, no
matter what: anum
an, k
ahit a
no 2
for emphasis:
ano n
aman
wheat n. the grain from which our
is made, also the plant: trigo
wheel n. round frame that turns on
its center: gul
ong, ruweda v. 1 to
turn: umikot, iikot, paik
utin 2 at
the wheel means (a) at the steering
wheel, driving: n
asa manibela,
nagmamaneho, n
asa pagmaman
eho,
umu
ugit (b) in control, governing,
managing: n
asa kapangyarihan,
namamah
ala
wheelbarrow n. a small vehicle
which has one wheel and two
handles: karetilya
when adv. 1 at what time: kail
an 2
introducing adverbial clause: nang,
no
on Note: Nang is followed by
the innitive not the past tense.
Noon may be followed by the
present tense to connote an act
that continues on for some time.
conj. 1 at any time that: tuwi,
tuwing, kap
ag, pagk
a 2 although:
k
ahit, bagam
an, bagam
at pron. 1
what time; which time: kail
an 2 at
any time in the future: sa o
ras na,
sa an
o mang o
ras 3 during which
time: rendered by the ligature na

whisk

or its variant -ng n. the time or

occasion:
oras, panah
on
where adv. 1 in what place, at
what place: sa
an, sa
an-sa
an 2
where is, are, were, etc.: nasa
an,
sa
an naroro
on, sa
an naro
on, n
ahan
3 to what place: sa
an, pasa
an 4
from what place: sa
an, mul
a sa
an,
tagasa
an 5 in which, at which, to
which: rendered idiomatically by the
-an sux forms of the verb to
connote the place where a certain
action takes place
which pron. the one that, any that:
alinm
an, kung alinm
an
while n. time: panah
on, sandali,
oras conj. 1 during the time

that, in the time that: h

abang,
samant
ala, no
ong (with verb in
the present tense) 2 although:
bagam
an, bagam
at, k
ahit na, k
ahit,
k
ahiman, k
ahimat v. 1 to pass
in some easy or pleasing manner,
spend: magpara
an, paraanin, mag
palipas, palip
asin 2 worth while,
worth time, attention, or eort:
kapaki-pakin
abang 3 a while ago:
kani-kanina
whimper n. a whimpering cry:
ung
ot, nguyng
oy v. to cry
with a low, broken, mournful
sound:
umung
ot,
mag-uung
ot,
magnguyng
oy,
magngunguyng
oy,
ngumuyng
oy
whip v. 1 to strike, to beat:
pum
alo, mam
alo, pal
uin, lum
atigo,
manl
atigo, l
atiguhin 2 to whip
lightly:
pumilantik,
pilantikin,
humaplit, haplitin 3 to beat cream,
eggs, etc.: magbati, bumati, batihin
4 to move quickly and suddenly:
use mabilis with appropriate verb
n. a thing to whip with: pam
alo,
l
atigo
whirlwind n. 1 air whirling around
and around violently: ipuipo 2 a
whirling windstorm: buh
awi
whisk v. 1 to sweep, to brush: magpalis, palisin 2 to move away quickly:

whistle

207

sumib
ad, kumarimot 3 to take away
something quicky: sumakl
ot, saklutin
n. 1 a quick sweep or brushing:
palis, pagpalis 2 a light, quick, movement: sib
ad, karimot 3 a small brush
or broom: pamalis
whistle v. 1 to make a kind of
shrill musical sound by forcing
the breath through the teeth or
ulan 2
contracted lips: sumipol, sip
to make a hissing sound through
clenched teeth to call the attention
of someone at a distance: sumuts
ot,
sutsut
an, pumasuwit, pasuwit
an,
bumasuwit, basuwit
an 3 to blow
a whistle: pumito, pit
uhan, sumilb
ato, silbat
uhan 4 to move with a
shrill sound: humaginit n. 1 the
sound made by whistling: sipol 2 a
whistling or hissing sound calling
ones attention: suts
ot, pasuwit,
basuwit 3 the instrument for making
a whistling sound, also the sound
itself: pito, silb
ato
who pron. 1 word used in asking
questions about persons: sino,
sinu-sino 2 also used in connecting
a group of words with some word
in a sentence: expressed by the
ligatute na and its variant -ng
3 the person that, any person that:
sinuman
whoever pron. 1 who, any person
that: sinuman, sino man, k
ahit sino
2 no matter who: sinuman, k
ahit
sino, kul
ob sino
whole adj. 1 having all its parts,
complete: bu
o 2 entire: bu
o,
lah
at 3 not broken, in one piece:
hindi sir
a, wal
ang sira, hindi
bas
ag, wal
ang b
asag, bu
o 4 well,
healthy (old use): mab
uti, malak
as
ang kataw
an n. all of a thing,
the total: is
ang bu
o, kabuu
an,
kalahat
an
whose pron. 1 of whom, of which:
rendered by the ligature na and
its variant -ng 2 an interrogative, meaning to whom: kanino

will

(prepositive), nino (postpositive)

why adv/conj. for what cause, reason, or purpose: b
akit, kung b
akit
wicked adj. 1 bad, evil, sinful:
masam
a,
napakasam
a,
makasal
anan, buh
ong 2 unpleasant,
severe: masam
a, mabig
at
wide adj. broad: mal
apad. 1 extensive: mal
awak, malaki 2 spacious:
maluw
ang, mal
uwang, malaki 3 far
open: madilat 4 far from a named
point or object: mal
ayo adv.
to the full extent: nang maluw
ang,
nang mal
uwang, nang mab
uti
wide-eyed adj. with the eyes wide
open: dil
at (nakadilat) ang mga
mat
a, madilat ang mga mat
a,
maluluw
ang (malul
uwang) ang mat
a
wide-open adj. completely open:
nakatiwangw
ang, buk
as na buk
as
width n. 1 how wide a thing is, distance across, breadth: l
apad, luw
ang
2 wideness: kalap
aran, kaluwang
an 3
a piece of a certain width, esp. the
width of cloth or textile: p
apa, a
ntso
wife n. a married woman: as
awa,
mayb
ahay, misis
wig n. a covering of hair for the
head: pel
uka
wild adj. 1 living in the forests, not
tamed: mabangis, mail
ap, di ma
amo
2 not cultivated: lig
aw 3 uncivilized, savage: mabangis, mail
ap, di
sibilis
ado 4 with no people living
in it: mag
ubat, mas
ukal, il
ang 5
waste, desert: il
ang, kapar
angan 6
not checked, not restrained: wal
ang
tar
os 7 violent: malak
as, marah
as,
malupit 8 rash: pabigl
a-bigl
a,
padal
us-d
alos 9 stray: lig
aw
n. wilds, thick forest: kagub
atan,
masinsing kasuk
alan
will n. 1 the power of the mind
to decide and do: lo
ob, kalo
oban,
kaloob
an 2 a wish, desire: n
ais,
n
asa, pita, hang
ad, gust
o, g
usto,
kagust
uhan, ibig, kaibigan 3 a legal
statement of a persons wishes about
what shall be done with his prop-

wily

208

erties after his death: testam

ento,
huling habilin 4 a disposition or
feeling towards another: kalo
oban,
kaloob
an, palag
ay, pagpapalag
ay 5
a commmand: u
tos, a
tas v. 1 to
determine, to decide: magpasiy
a,
pasiyah
an, pagpasiyah
an, ipasiy
a
2 to decide by using this power,
to use the will: gumust
o, gustuhin,

loobin, nas
ain, naisin, ibigin 3 to
give a legal statement of a persons
wishes about what shall be done
with his property: magtestamento,
isatestamento 4 (as auxiliary verb)
to be going to, to be about to:
rendered by the future tense of the
verb
wily adj. 1 tricky, cunning: t
uso,
mapanlinl
ang, mapaglal
ang 2 clever:
matalino
win v. 1 to gain, acquire: magtam
o, tamuhin, magkamit, kamt
an
2 to be successful over others:
man
alo, tum
alo, tal
unin, magwagi,
pagwagih
an, magtagump
ay, pagtagumpay
an 3 to gain the favor
of, to persuade: manghik
ayat,
mahik
ayat, hikay
atin, mang-
akit,
ma
akit, akitin, mak
uha n. a
winning: pan
alo, tagump
ay
wind (1) v. 1 to move this way
and that, go in a crooked way,
change direction, turn: magpalik
u-lik
o, palik
u-likuin 2 to twist
or turn around something: magpul
upot, ipul
upot (transitive verb),
pumul
upot
(intransitive
verb),
pulup
utan, magpilipit, pumilipit,
ipilipit, pilipitin, pilipitan 3 to
roll into a ball or on a spool, etc.:
mag-ikid, ikirin, iikid, magkidkid,
ikidkid, kidkirin, magbilibid, ibilibid,
maglik
aw, ilik
aw 4 to fold, wrap, or
place about something: magb
alot,
mab
alot, bal
utin, ib
alot 5 to fold the
arms around something: yum
akap,
yak
apin, iy
akap 6 to make a clock
go by turning some part of it:
mags
usi, susian, magkuw
erdas,

wise

kuwerdasan 7 to wind up sometimes

means to end, settle, conclude:
magwak
as,
wakas
an,
tum
apos,
magtap
os, tap
usin n. 1 a bend, a
turn: k
urba, kurb
ada, lik
o 2 a twist:
pul
upot, pilipit
wind (2) n. moving air: h
angin
wing n. 1 the part of a bird or insect
used in ying: pakp
ak, bagwis 2
anything like in shape or use: pakp
ak
3 the part that sticks out from the
main thing or body: pakp
ak v. 1
to y: lumip
ad, liparin 2 to wound
in the wing: sum
ugat (sug
atan) sa
pakp
ak 3 under the wings of, under
the protection of: n
asa il
alim ng
pagtatangg
ol (pagtangkilik) ng o
ni, tinatangkilik, ipinagtatangg
ol,
kinakalinga
winnow v. 1 to blow o the cha
from grain, drive or blow away
cha: magtahip, itahip, tahip
an 2
to separate, to sort out: pumili,
piliin, humirang, hir
angin 3 to sift:
magbith
ay, bumith
ay, bithayin
winter n. the coldest of the four
seasons: taglamig, taggin
aw v.
to pass the winter: magpalipas ng
taglamig, palip
asin ang taglamig
adj. for the winter: p
ara sa
taglamig, pantaglamig
wipe v. 1 to rub in order to clean or
dry: magkusk
os, ikusk
os, kuskusin,
magp
unas,
ip
unas,
pun
asan,
magp
ahid, ip
ahid, pahiran 2 to
take away, o, or out by rubbing:
pahirin 3 to wipe out sometimes
means to destroy or to bring to an
end: magwas
ak, mawas
ak, iwas
ak,
wasakin, lumipol, malipol, lip
ulin
wisdom n. 1 being wise: d
unong,
karun
ungan 2 knowledge and good
judgement based on experience:
al
am, kaal
aman, kaalam
an, talino,
katalin
uhan 3 wise conduct, wise
words:
kaal
aman,
karun
ungan,
katalin
uhan
wise adj. 1 having or showing
knowledge and good judgment:

wish

209

matalino, pant
as 2 having knowledge or information: mar
unong,
may nalal
aman
wish v. 1 to desire: magn
ais, naisin,
magn
asa,
nas
ain,
maghang
ad,
hangarin, ibigin, gumust
o, gustuhin
2 to greet: bum
ati, batiin 3 to
have a fervent desire: maglunggati,
lunggatiin, magmithi, mithiin
n. 1 a desire: n
ais, pagnan
ais,
n
asa, pagnan
asa, gust
o, g
usto,
kagust
uhan, ibig, kaibig
an 2 a
fervent wish: lunggati, mithi
with prep. 1 with shows that
persons or things are taken together
in some way, in the company of:
sa 2 among: sa, kas
ama sa (ng) 3
included, attached: kalakip, kal
akip
4 having: may, mayro
on 5 in
proportion to: b
atay (alins
unod) sa
6 because of: ng, sa, d
ahil sa 7 by
means of: sa pamamagitan ng, ng
withdraw v. 1 to draw back: magu
rong (transitive verb), um
urong
(intransitive verb), i
urong 2 to
take, to take out: kum
uha, k
unin,
maglab
as, ilab
as 3 to remove:
mag-alis, ialis, alisin 4 to take back:
bum
awi, bawiin 5 to draw away:
lumay
o, ilay
o 6 to go away: umalis
within prep. 1 not beyond, not
more than: hindi hihigit (higit),
k
aya, ab
ot ng k
aya 2 inside of, in
the inner part of: n
asa lo
ob ng
adv. inside, in the inner part: sa
lo
ob
withstand v. to stand against,
to hold out against, to endure:
makatag
al, tumag
al, matagal
an,
magtiis, matiis, makatiis, tiisin,
pagtiis
an, mapagtiis
an
witness n. 1 a person or thing able
to give evidence, a person who saw
something happen: saksi, testigo 2
a person who takes an oath to tell
the truth in a court of law: testigo
3 a person writing his name on a
document to show that he saw it
signed: saksi, testigo 4 evidence:

word

katib
ayan, pat
unay, katun
ayan v.
1 to see, to be able to see: sumaksi,
masaksih
an, saksih
an, makita 2 to
bear witness, give evidence of: magpat
unay, patun
ayan, magpatibay,
patib
ayan 3 to sign (a document)
as witness: sumaksi, saksih
an,
tumestigo, testig
uhan
wonder n. 1 a strange and surprising thing or event: kababalagh
an,
himal
a 2 the feeling caused by
what is strange and surprising: tak
a,
pagtatak
a, pagh
anga v. 1 to feel
wonder: magtak
a, pagtakh
an, ipagtak
a, hum
anga, hang
aan, ih
anga
2 to be surprised: mamangh
a,
mag
ulat, magtak
a 3 to be curious
about, to wish to know: gust
ong
mal
aman, alamin
woo v. 1 to court, to seek, to
marry: manligaw, lumigaw, lig
awan,
mangibig 2 to seek, to win, to try,
to get: maghang
ad, hangarin 3 to
seek, to persuade, to urge: man
uyo,
suy
uin, manghik
ayat, hikay
atin,
mang-
akit, akitin
wood n. 1 the hard substance
beneath the bark of trees: k
ahoy 2
the trees cut up for use, lumber:
k
ahoy, tabl
a 3 rewood: k
ahoy (na
pangg
atong), pangg
atong 4 woods,
large number of growing trees:
kahuy
an, g
ubat, kagub
atan
wool n. 1 the soft hair or fur of
sheep and some other animals: l
ana,
balahibo ng t
upa 2 the yarn, cloth,
or garments made of wool: l
ana,
damit na l
ana
word n. 1 a sound or group or
sounds that has meaning: salit
a 2
the writing or printing that stands
for a word: salit
a 3 words, sometimes means angry talk: sag
utan,
pagsasag
utan, talt
alan, pagtatalt
alan
4 a short talk: sandaling pakikipagu
sap, maikling pag-u
usap 5 a brief
expression: maikling pangung
usap 6
command, order: u
tos, salit
a, a
tas
7 a promise: pang
ako 8 news: balita

work

210

v. 1 to put into words: magsalit

a,
salitain, mags
abi, sabihin 2 by
word of mouth, orally or by spoken
words: sa salit
a, sa bibig 3 upon
my word means (a) I promise:
nangang
ako ak
o, ipinangang
ako ko
(b) exclamation of surprise: ab
a 4
word for word: letra por letra
work n. 1 the eort in doing or making something: paggaw
a, pagy
ari,
pagtatrab
aho, paglikh
a 2 something
to do, occupation, employment:
hanapb
uhay, gaw
ain, trab
aho 3
something made or done: gaw
a,
y
ari, likh
a, trab
aho 4 a literary
work: akd
a 5 that on which eort
is put or on which one is occupied:
trab
aho, ang ginagaw
a v. 1 to do
work, labor, to be employed: magtrab
aho, tumarab
aho, trabah
uhin,
gumaw
a, gawin, maghanapb
uhay 2
to cause to do work: magpatrab
aho,
papagtrabah
uhin, magpagaw
a, pagawin 3 to act, to operate: tumakb
o,
umand
ar, lum
akad 4 to excite (esp
to anger): magpainit ng u
lo, painitin
(papag-initin ) ang u
lo 5 to make:
gumaw
a, gawin 6 to bring about, to
cause, to do: makagaw
a, gumaw
a,
gawin, lumikh
a, makalikh
a, likhain
7 to become: maging
workshop n. the shop where work is
done: gaw
aan, pagaw
aan, talyer
world n. 1 the earth: daigdig,
mund
o, m
undo 2 all people, the
public: ang lah
at ng t
ao, ang bu
ong
mund
o, sangkata
uhan 3 the things
of this life and the people devoted
to them: kamunduh
an 4 all created
things, the universe: sansin
ukob,
santinakp
an, sandaigdigan, lah
at
ng nilikh
a adj. 1 universal:
pandaigdig 2 of the world: ng
daigdig 3 for all the world means (a)
for any reason, no matter how great:
sa an
o pa mang dahil
an, maging sa
an
o pa man (b) in every respect,
exactly: sa lah
at ng b
agay
worn adj. 1 damaged by use: sir
a,

wrap

sir
a-sir
a, gut
ay, gut
ay-gut
ay 2 worn
away (hollowed out or having holes,
or worn by friction): uk
a, but
as
3 worn o (at the point or ends):
pudp
od, up
od 4 worn thin: gasg
as 5
tired, wearied: pag
od, hap
o, pat
a
worn-out adj. 1 used until no longer
t for use: sir
ang-sir
a na 2 fatigued:
pag
od, pat
a, hap
o
worse adj. 1 more evil: l
along
masam
a 2 physically ill in a greater
degree: higit na (l
along) malubh
a
o malal
a adv. 1 in a manner
more evil or ill: l
along masam
a,
l
alo pang masam
a 2 with greater
intensity, severity, etc.: nang l
along
malal
a masidhi, malubh
a) 3
to make worse: magpasam
ang
(pasamaing) l
alo, l
along magpasam
a (pasamain), magpalubh
a,
palubhain, magpalal
a, palalain 4 to
be worse: sumam
ang l
alo, l
along
sumam
a, maging l
along masam
a,
lumubh
a, lumal
a
worship n. great honor and respect:
pagsamb
a v. 1 to pay great honor
and respect to: sumamb
a, sambahin
2 to consider extremely precious, to
hold very dear: mahalin nang l
abis,
pakamahalin
worth n. 1 value, power to buy:
halag
a 2 merit, usefulness, importance: pakin
abang, kapakinabang
an,
kagalingan, kasays
ayan, halag
a,
kahalagah
an, b
uti, kabutihan
adj. 1 good or important enough
for, deserving of: kar
apat-d
apat 2
equal in value to: magkakahalag
a,
kasinghalag
a, kahalag
a, singhalag
a
3 having property that amounts to:
may kabuh
ayang pagkakahalag
a ng
worthless adj.
without
worth,
good for nothing, useless: wal
ang
kasays
ayan, wal
ang halag
a, wal
ang
katutur
an, wal
ang kabuluh
an
worthy adj. 1 having worth or
merit: may halag
a, mahalag
a 2
deserving, meriting: d
apat, kar
apatd
apat, narar
apat

wrapping

211

wrap v. 1 to wind or fold round

as a covering: magb
alot, ib
alot,
magbal
abal, ibal
abal 2 to cover
by winding or folding something
around : bum
alot, bal
utin 3 to cover
and tie up or fasten: magb
alot,
bal
utin n. 1 an outer covering:
bal
abal, abrigo 2 a wrap or covering
for the head: kulub
ong, talukb
ong,
band
ana 3 wrapped up in sometimes
means devoted to, thinking chiey
of: haling na haling, abal
ang-abal
a
wrapping n. paper, cloth, etc.,
in which something is wrapped:
bal
utan, pamb
alot
wrench v. 1 to twist: pilipitin,
pihitin 2 to be twisted: mapilipit,
mabaling
anga 3 to pull violently:
um
agaw, ag
awin n. 1 an injury
caused by twisting: pilay, b
ali 2
grief, pain: dalamh
ati, kir
ot, hapdi
3 a tool to hold and turn nuts,
bolts, etc.: liy
abe, birad
or
wring v. 1 to twist with force, to
squeeze hard: mamilipit, pilipitin
2 to get by twisting or squeezing,
to force out: magpig
a, pumig
a,
pigain 3 to get by force, eort,
or persuasion: mamilit, pumilit,
pilitin 4 to cause pain or pity in:
makabagb
ag, bumagb
ag, bagbagin
n. a twist, a squeeze: pilipit,
pagpilipit, pig
a, pagpig
a
wrist n. the joint connecting hand
and arm: puls
o, p
ulso, puls
uhan,
galanggalang
an
write v. 1 to make letters or words
with pen, pencil, or chalk: sum
ulat
2 to put down the words of: is
ulat,
isatitik, ititik 3 to write a letter:
lumiham, lih
aman, sum
ulat, sul
atin,
sul
atan 4 to make up stories, books,
etc., to compose: kumath
a, kathain,
magsul
at 5 to be a writer: maging
manunul
at, magsul
at 6 to write
down, to put into writing: is
ulat,
sul
atin, ititik, isatitik 7 to write o,
to cancel: magkansel
a, kanselahin,
bumur
a, burahin 8 to write up, to

yell

write a description or account of:

sum
ulat ng (sul
atin ang) tungk
ol sa
writer n. 1 a person who writes or
wrote: ang sumus
ulat o sum
ulat 2 a
person whose occupation is writing:
manunul
at 3 author: may-akd
a, ang
kumath
a, maykath
a, mangangath
a
writing n. 1 handwriting: s
ulatkam
ay, s
ulat, p
orma 2 the act of
writing: pags
ulat 3 a written form:
nakas
ulat 4 literary work, a book
or other literary production: akd
a,
kath
a, mga sin
ulat 5 something
written: ang nakatitik, s
ulat, ang
nakas
ulat
wrong adj. 1 not right: lisy
a,
mali, hindi t
ama, hindi tump
ak
2 wicked: masam
a 3 not correct,
not what it should be: s
ala, mali,
hindi wast
o 4 not proper, not t:
mali, hindi tump
ak, lisy
a, hindi
b
agay 5 not meant to be seen, least
important ( for cloth, etc., use the
noun): kabaligtar
an 6 out of order:
may diperensiya, may sira, sir
a
n. 1 anything not right, a mistake:
kamalian, kasama
an, kasam
aan,
s
ala, kasal
anan 2 an injury, harm:
pins
ala adv. in a wrong manner,
ill, badly: masam
a, mali v.
to do wrong to, to treat unfairly,
to harm: pumins
ala, pinsal
ain,
manakit, sumakit, sakt
an, trat
uhin
nang masam
a, gaw
an ng di
mab
uti, magkas
ala, pagkasal
anan,
pagkasal
ahan

Y
year n. the period of 12 months or
365 days: ta
on
yeast n. a substance used in raising
bread and in making beer: lebad
ura,
pampaals
a
yell v. 1 to cry out with a strong,
loud sound: humiy
aw, hiyaw
an,
sumig
aw, sigaw
an, pumal
ahaw 2 to
say with a yell: isig
aw, ihiy
aw n.

yellow

212

a strong loud cry: hiy

aw, sig
aw
yellow 1 adj 2 the color of gold, butter orlemmonz; dil
aw, amarilyo
yes n. an armative answer:
oo,
opo, o

ho (the last two are used

to show respect, but oho is less
formal than opo)
yesterday adv. on the day before
today: kah
apon
yet adv. 1 now: ngay
on, m
una 2 up
to now, up to a certain time: pa, pa
nam
an, hangg
ang ngay
on 3 still: pa
conj.. but, nevertheless, however:
ng
uni, ng
unit, gayunm
an, gay
on pa
man
yield v. 1 to produce: vpag-anihan
2 to give in: magbig
ay, bigy
an,
magkalo
ob 3 to give up: sum
uko 4
to give way: magbig
ay da
an n. the
amount yielded: product:
ani
yoke n. 1 a wooden frame to
fasten two work animals together:
pam
atok 2 any frame connecting
two other parts: pingg
a 3 the part
of a garment tting the neck and
shoulders closely: umbrera, balikat
4 something that holds people in
slavery or submission: pagkaalipin
5 a rule, dominion: kapangyarihan
v. 1 to put a yoke on: magpam
atok, pamat
ukan, yug
uhan 2 to
harness or fasten a work animal to:
magsingk
aw, isingk
aw, singkaw
an
yolk n. the yellow part of an egg:
pul
a ng itl
og
yonder adv. over there, within sight,
but not near: do
on, ro
on adj. situated over there: iy
on, ya
on
you pron. 1 the person or persons
spoken to: ik
aw (prepositive and
singular), ka (postpositive and
singular), kay
o (plural or singular if
respect should be shown) 2 to you:
sa iy
o, sa iny
o (plural) 3 for you:
p
ara sa iy
o (iny
o) 4 by you: mo,
niny
o
young adj. 1 in the early part of life:
b
ata 2 tender: m
uta 3 new: b
ago
4 having the looks of qualities of a

zoo

young person: mukh

ang b
ata
your pron. 1 belonging to you:
iy
o (singular and prepositive), mo
(singular and prepositive), iny
o
(plural and prepositive), niny
o
(postpositive) 2 having to do with
you: iy
o, mo, iny
o, niny
o
yours pron. 1 belonging to you: iy
o
(singular), iny
o (plural) 2 the one or
ones belonging to you: iy
o, iny
o 3
yours is used at the end of a letter
with some other words: sumasainy
o,
sumasaiy
o

Z
zero n. 1 naught: sero 2 not any,
none at all: wal
a
zigzag adj. adv. with short, sharp
turns from one side to the other:
sigsag, palik
u-lik
o, paese-ese
v. to move in a zigzag way:
magpalik
u-lik
o, lumik
u-lik
o, palik
ulikuin, magpaese-ese, umese-ese,
paese-esehin n. 1 a zigzag line:
paese-eseng (lik
u-lik
ong) g
uhit, linya
2 a zigzag course or path: lik
u-lik
ong
(paese-eseng) land
as o da
an 3 on
the short, sharp turns of a zigzag:
sigsag (Eng), lik
o
zipper n. a fastener for clothing:
siper
zoo n. a place where living animals
are kept and shown: su