PROBLEM SET: Solve the following problems completely on whole sheets of yellow pad.

Refer
to your periodic table for the atomic weights until 1 decimal place. (Example: Mg=24.1,
O=16.0) Observe significant figures and box final answers.
DATE DUE: March 30, 2016
1. Washing soda, a compound used to prepare hard water for washing laundry, is a
hydrate, which means that a certain number of water molecules are included in the
solid structure. Its formula can be written as Na2CO3 xH2O, where x is the number of
moles of H2O per mole of Na2CO3. When a 2.558-g sample of washing soda is heated at
125 C, all the water of hydration is lost, leaving 0.948 g of Na2CO3. What is the value of
x?
2. The fizz produced when an Alka-Seltzer tablet is dissolved in water is due to the reaction
between sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and citric acid (H3C6H5O7):
3 NaHCO3(aq) + H3C6H5O7(aq) 3 CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) + Na3C6H5O7(aq)
In a certain experiment 1.00 g of sodium bicarbonate and 1.00 g of citric acid are
allowed to react. (a) Which is the limiting reactant? (b) How many grams of carbon
dioxide form? (c) How many grams of the excess reactant remain after the limiting
reactant is completely consumed?
3. A person suffering from hyponatremia has a sodium ion concentration in the blood of
0.118 M and a total blood volume of 4.6 L. What mass of sodium chloride would need to
be added to the blood to bring the sodium ion concentration up to 0.138 M, assuming
no change in blood volume?
4. (a) How many milliliters of a stock solution of 6.0 M HNO3 would you have to use to
prepare 110 mL of 0.500 M HNO3? (b) If you dilute 10.0 mL of the stock solution to a
final volume of 0.250 L, what will be the concentration of the diluted solution?
5. A 4.36-g sample of an unknown alkali metal hydroxide is dissolved in 100.0 mL of water.
An acidbase indicator is added and the resulting solution is titrated with 2.50 M HCl(aq)
solution. The indicator changes color signaling that the equivalence point has been
reached after 17.0 mL of the hydrochloric acid solution has been added.
(a) What is the molar mass of the metal hydroxide?
(b) What is the identity of the alkali metal cation: Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, or Cs+?
6. During a normal breath, our lungs expand about 0.50 L against an external pressure of
1.0 atm. How much work is involved in this process (in J)?
7. Consider the following reaction:
2Mg(s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s)
H = -1204 kJ
(a) Is this reaction exothermic or endothermic?
(b) Calculate the amount of heat transferred when 3.55 g of Mg(s) reacts at constant
pressure.
8. Given the data:
N2(g) + O2(g) 2 NO(g)
H = +180.7 kJ
2 NO(g) + O2(g) 2 NO2(g)
H = -113.1 kJ
2 N2O(g) 2 N2(g) + O2(g)
H = -163.2 kJ
use Hesss law to calculate H for the reaction: N2O(g) + NO2(g) 3 NO(g)
9. Complete combustion of 1 mol of acetone (C3H6O) liberates 1790 kJ:

C3H6O(l) + 4O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)

H = -1790 kJ
Using this information together with the standard enthalpies of formation of O2(g),
CO2(g), and H2O(l) below, calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of acetone.
Substance
Hof (kJ/mol)
CO2(g)
393.5
H2O(g)
241.82
H2O(l)
285.83
10. Sulfur tetrafluoride (SF4) reacts slowly with O2 to form sulphur tetrafluoride monoxide
(OSF4) according to the following reaction: 2SF4(g) + O2(g) 2OSF4(g).
The O atom and the four F atoms in OSF4 are bonded to a central S atom. (a) Draw the
Lewis structure of OSF4 in which the formal charges of all atoms are zero. (b) Use
average bond enthalpies below to estimate the enthalpy of the reaction.
Bond
Average Bond Enthalpy (kJ/mol)
S-F
327
S=O
523
O=O
495

THE END