Multi-Object Oriented Augmented Reality

for Location-based Adaptive Mobile Learning

William Chang and Qing Tan Fang Wei Tao

School of computing and information systems Centre of network and information
Athabasca University Chongqing University
Athabasca, Canada Chongqing, China
hinoto424@gmail.com and qingt@athabascau.ca wtfang@cqu.edu.cn

Abstract— This research aims to bring up a strategy called
Multi-Object Oriented Augmented Reality, based on the
Augmented Reality technique and the location of Mobile
Learning Objects, which allows learner to see the suitable
learning contents superimposed upon the specific learning
objects and enhance the interactive in a mobile learning
environment. The three characteristics of the proposed
approach, Learning-Object Oriented, Guidance Ability and
Highly Interactive will enhance Mobile Learning in a more
adaptive and interesting way.
mobile learning environment [2~4]. Hence, we have
designed a strategy to enhance the Augmented Reality
technique into a new advanced level and implement into
location based mobile learning environment, the approach
called “Multi-Object Oriented Augmented Reality
(MOOAR)”, See Figure 1.

Keywords-Multi-Object Oriented; Augmented Reality;

Location Awareness; Adaptive Moble learning.

I. INTRODUCTION
In this research, a strategy called Multi-Object Oriented
Augmented Reality which based on the Augmented Reality
technique and the Location of Mobile Learning Objects is
proposed. This approach allows learner to see the right
learning contents superimposed upon the specific learning
object and enhance the interactive in a mobile learning
environment.
In the real world, actuality, there is a great deal of
learning objects around which are able to enhance our
knowledge in many kind of situation we never notice. And Figure 1. The MOOAR for a Location-Based adaptive
that is what this research emphasized called “Unknown- Mobile Learning Environment.
Unknown knowledge”, it means that you would never
know what you are able to learn from each learning object The MOOAR Location-Based adaptive Mobile Learning
because all the learning contents are based on the immediate Environment is composed of a series of learning objects,
and real situation, such as where you are, what you see or which are associated with their learning tasks. Each Learning
what task you take and many others. In particular, it is in object has its specific location-based learning contents and
may be interconnect with others. Then the MOOAR will lead
real-time in the real world.
a learner to finish the learning objects/activities with
In the following sections, the architecture of the approach
personalized learning process. The MOOAR is of three
will be presented and described. Finally, the conclusions and
characteristics:
future work are discussed.
II. MULTI-OBJECT ORIENTED AUGMENTED REALITY (1) Learning-Object Oriented.
(MOOAR) APROACH (2) Guidance ability.
(3) Highly interactive.
The Augmented Reality (AR), which allows the user to
see the real world, with virtual objects superimposed upon or The MOOAR are designed based on the learning objects
composited with the real world. Therefore, AR supplements which are able to display the right learning contents to
reality, rather than completely replacing it. Ideally, it would learner at right time and right place. Then the MOOAR
appear to the user that the virtual and real objects coexisted would provide the whole guidance information such as the
in the same space [1]. direction, distance, relative position of other objects. When
There are a lot of prior research topics taking about using the learner are finishing a task, the Reminder MOOAR may
AR as a new way to display the learning contents on the show some tips about what they must have to do or remind
them which object has unfinished tasks. And after finishing
the task, the Evaluation MOOAR may ask some questions or
exercises related to the tasks they finished or a specific
object they passed.
III. HE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
The MOOAR for Adaptive Location-based Mobile
Learning System would be Client-Server architecture. Figure
2 presents the framework of the MOOAR Location-based
Mobile Learning System. The system are divided into three
module; Login, Adaptive process and Learning Progress.
 The Login Module: This module is designed to
identify the mobile learning environment and the
specific mobile learner in order to apply the learner’s
profile in the following process.
 The Adaptive process Module: the adaptive process
will improve learner into the MOOAR learning
situation according to the login module information,
such as user name, location, major, courses and what
device or platform they use.
 The Learning Progress Module: in this module,
learner will be able to enhance their knowledge
through a series of location-based mobile learning
processes supported by the MOOAR technique.
On the MOOAR server side, system
administrators and teachers can use their personal
computers to connect with the MOOAR server through
the Internet. The functions would be as follows:
 Multi-Object Oriented unit
 Learning Content Management unit
 Task and Exercise Management unit
 Portfolio Management unit
Figure 2. The MOOAR System Framework.
On the client side, students use a mobile device that
installed with the MOOAR client mobile application to
pursue location-based mobile learning. The functionalities of
the MOOAR client mobile application would be:
 Location-based Learning Object
 Login
 Guidance
 Evaluation
IV. CONCLUTIONS AND FUTURE WORK
The proposed MOOAR approach and its system
architecture are a new and innovative in terms of providing
more interactive interface for mobile learning and guiding
the location-based learning activities and objects. The
MOOAR approach could stimulate mobile learners learning
motivation and interest and eventually enhance their learning
in the mobile learning environment.
This research focus on the mobile learning situation
based on a school learning model when design the learning
process demonstration. However, learning is not only
something you learned from school or teacher. So in the
future work, this MOOAR location-based mobile learning
system will be extended into the business and organization
mobile job training application. For example, a super market
or large retail store such as Wal-Mart or COSTO can use the
MOOAR mobile training system teaching new employees
how and where to put the right products at right shelf in
order to get familiar with the whole working environment as
soon as possible.
Furthermore, this MOOAR system can also be
implemented into such as museum or historical places as a
personal traveling and learning guidance.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thanks for the scholarship provided by the National
Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology
(NKFUST) to make this study possible.
REFERENCES
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and Virtual Environments 6, 4 (August 1997), 355-385.
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[3] Jayfus T. Doswell, Ph.D, “Augmented Learning: Context-Aware
Mobile Augmented Reality Architecture for Learning," Advanced
Learning Technologies, 2006. Sixth International Conference on 5-7
July 2006 Page(s):1182 – 1183 Digital Object Identifier
10.1109/ICALT.2006.1652683
[4] Ryan Lim!, Ji-Hyuk Yang2 , and Young-Sam Lee3 “The
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