Simple Course On 3-D

Simple A Class Tel: 2104 3598
Simple Course on 3-D

Lines and Planes:
Plane is parallel to line:
Intersection point of plane & line

Projection of a line

Angle between line and plane
The angle between a line and a plane is the angle between the line and its
projection on the plane.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4y9diopip8Q
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjT_-hzsp5M

Checkpoint:
1. In the following figure, ABCDEF is a right triangular prism.
Which of the following is the angle between the line EB and the plane
CDEF?
A.
B.
C.
D.
DBE
CBE
BEC
BFE
Solution: C

2.
The figure shows a triangular prism.
ABCD and ABFE are rectangles, CF BF and DE AE.

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Find the projection of CA on the plane ABFE.

Find the projection CA on the plane CDEF.
Name the angle between CA and the plane ABFE.
Name the angle between CA and the plane CDEF.
(12 marks)
Solution:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
AF
CE
CAF
ACE

3.
The figure shows a right prism with a right-angled triangle as the

cross-section. Find the angle between the line BF and the plane
ABCD correct to the nearest degree.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
20
30
35
40
50
Solution: A

4.
In Figure 12, PQ is a vertical tower h m high, A and B are two points

100 m apart with A, B and Q on the same horizontal ground. AQB
= 75 and the angles of elevation of P from A and B are 40 and 60
respectively.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Express the lengths of AQ and BQ in terms of h.

(2 marks)
Find h and QAB.
(5 marks)
Find the angle between the plane PAB and the horizontal. (4 marks)

Solution:
(a) tan 40 =
AQ =
40
= 1.19h
tan60 =
BQ =
60
=
3
= 0.577h
1.19h =
40
= 0.577h
(b) 1002 = (1.19)2 + (0.577)2 2(1.19)(0.577)75

10000 = 1.39 362
84.7 = h
84.7
3 = 100
sin 75
a = 28.2
(c) By Herones formula AQB = 2382
1
2382 = (100)
2
47.6 = H
84.7
84.7
sin40 =
60 =
PA = 131.8
PB = 97.8
By Herones formula AQB = 4859
1
4859 = (100)
2
PM = 97.2
84.7
=
97.2
Q = 60.6

5.
A vertical rectangular wall on the horizontal ground, 2 m high and 6

m long, runs east and west as shown in the figure. If the sun bears S
45 E at an elevation of 60, find the area of the shadow of the wall
on the ground.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2 3 m2
4 3 m2
4 2 m2
6 m2
2 6 m2
Solution: E

6.
The figure shows a cuboid ABCDEFGH with XH = a, GH = b and

FG = c. If the angle between XH and the plane EFGH is , then cos
=
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
b
.
a
b
.
2a
b
.
2c
b2 c2
.
a
b2 c2
.
2a
Solution: E
10

7.
In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a cuboid. tan =

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1
.
3
1
.
3
1.
3.
3.
Solution: E
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3DZxl4iiV8
11

8.
In the figure, ABCDABCD is a rectangular box of base 9 cm by

6 cm and height 6 cm and its lid DCQP opens by an angle of 30.
Find the angles between

(a) BD and DCCD
(b) BD and BCCB
(c) BP and ABCD
Give your answers correct to the nearest 0.1.
12

Solution:
DB2 = 62 + 92 (Pyth. theorem)
DB2 = 117
(a). Let the angle between be 1

6
tan 1 =
PB
1 = 29.0
(b). Let the angle between be
tan =
9
72
= 46.7
(c). Let the angle between be
PE
= 6 sin 30 = 3
3
9.04
= 18.4
EB = (6 6 cos 30) 2 9 2 =
9.04
tan =
13

Angles between 2 planes
If from a point on the line of intersection of two planes, one in each plane,
are at it so found between these lines is defined as the between the
two planes.
14

Checkpoint:
1. ABCD is a regular tetrahedron. E, F and G are the mid points of AB,
AC and AD. Write down the angle between plane ABC and ACD
Solution: angle BFD
15

2.
The base PQRS is a square. A is the mid-point of PQ, VP = VQ =

VR = VS. The projection of the point V on the plane PQRS is M,
which is also the intersection of PR and SQ.
(a) Name the angle between the planes VPQ and PQRS.
(b) Name the angle between the base PQRS and the edge
(i)
VP,
(ii) VS,
(iii) VR
(12 marks)
16

Solution:
(a) VAM; VRM
(b)
(i) VPM;
(ii) VSM
(iii) VRM
17

3.
In the figure, VABCD is a right pyramid with a square base. Each

edge of the pyramid is of equal length. M and N are the mid-points
of AB and BC respectively. If is the angle between the line VM
and the line VN, then cos =
A.
B.
C.
D.
1
6
1
2
2
3
5
6
18

Solution:
C
Join MN.
MVN is the angle between the line VM and the line VN.
= MVN
Let a be the length of the edge of the pyramid.
VA = VB and AM = BM
VM AB (prop. of isos. )
In VMB,
VM VB 2 BM 2
(Pyth. theorem)
a
a
2
3
a
2
Similarly, VN =
3
a.
2
In BNM,
MN BN 2 BM 2
2
a a

2 2
(Pyth. theorem)
2
a
2
In VMN, by the cosine formula,
VM 2 VN 2 MN 2
cos =
2(VM )(VN )
19

2
3 3 2
2 a 2 a 2 a

3 3
2
a
a
2
2
3 3 1

4
4 2
3
2
4
2
3
20

4.
The figure shows a right-angled triangular prism ABFCDE with BF =

8cm, CD = 30cm and BCF = 25.
(a) Find the angle between the planes AFD and ABCD. (3 marks)
(b) Let X be a point moving from F to C. Describe the change angle
between the planes AXD and ABCD.
(1 marks)
21
Remarks: FZ is vertical pole.

tan = ZX/YZ; YZ is constant but ZX is max at F so that decrease form
ans in a to 0
https://youtu.be/uZMUX2g_nAo
22

Perpendicular line to a plane:
The line PN is normal to the plane .

It can be said to be perpendicular to every line on the plane.
23

Checkpoint:
1. Which is the projection line?
Solution:
MM, AM, NM, BM, CM
24
The figure shows a ABCDEFGH. Which of the following is/are true?

I. EG is the projection of DG on plane EFGH.
II. AG is the projection of DG on plane AFGB.
III. DG is the projection of DH on plane DEGB.
A.
B.
C.
D.
I only
II only
I and II only
I, II and III
Solution: D
25

3. In the figure, PC is a vertical pole standing on the horizontal plane
ABC. If ABC = 90, BAC = 30, AC = 6 and PC = 5, find tan.
3
5
5
B.
6
5
C.
3
A.
3
5
3
E. 5
9
D. 3
Solution: C
5
5
5
tan =
BC 6 sin 30 3
26

4. If the area of three adjacent faces of a rectangular block are
2, 3 and 6, then the length of diagonal is
A. 23
B. 32
C. 3
D. 6
Ans: D
27

Line of greatest slope
A line which is on the inclined plane and is perpendicular to the common

edge of the planes is called line of greatest slope.
28

Checkpoint:
1. Fill in the blanks
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
CE is perpendicular to the plane ___,

is the angle between the line _ and the plane ___,
is the angle between the planes ___ and ___,
if ABCD is a horizontal plane, then _ is a line of greatest
slope.
29

Solution:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
ABCD
AE, ABCD
ABEF, ABCD
BE
30

2.
Figure 4 shows a geometric model ABCD in the form of tetrahedron.

It is found that ACB = 60, AC = AD = 20 cm, BC = BD = 12 cm
and CD = 14 cm.
(a)
Find the length of AB.

(2 marks)
(b)
Find the angle between the plane ABC and the plane ABD.
(4 marks)
(c)
Let P be a movable point on the slant edge AB. Describe how

CPD varies as P moves from A to B. Explain your answer.
(2 marks)
31

(a)
By cosine formula,
AB2 = AC2 + BC2 2(AC)(BC)cosACB
AB2 = 202 + 122 2(20)(12)cos60
AB = 4 19 cm
(b)
By sine formula,
sin BAC sin ACB
BC
AB
sin BAC sin 60
12
4 19
BAC 36.58677555
Let Q be the foot of the perpendicualr from C to AB.
sinBAC =
CQ
AC
CQ 20sin36.58677555
CQ 11.92079121cm
Since ABC ABD, the reqruied angle is CQD.
1
CD
CQD 2
sin
2
CQ
CQD
0.587209345
sin
2
CQD 71.91844786
CQD 71.9
Thus, the angle between the plane ABC and the plane ABD is
71.9.
By sine formula,
32

sin ABC sin ACB
AC
AB
sin ABC sin 60
20
4 19
ABC 83.41322445
Let Q be the foot of the perpendicular from C to AB.
sinABC =
CQ
BC
CQ 12sin83.41322445
CQ 11.92079121cm
Since ABC ABD, the required angle is CQD.
1
CD
CQD 2
sin
2
CQ
CQD
sin
0.587209345
2
CQD 71.91844786
CQD 71.9
71.9.
By sine formula,
sin BAC sin ACB
BC
AB
sin BAC sin 60
12
4 19
BAC 36.58677555
sinBAC =
CQ
AC
CQ 20sin36.58677555
CQ 11.92079121cm
By symmetry, we have DQ = CQ.
DQ 11.92079121cm
Since ABC ABD, the requrid angle is CQD.
CD2 = CQ2 + DQ2 2(CQ)(DQ)cosCQD
142 11.920791212 + 11.920791212
- 2(11.92079121)(11.92079121)cosCQD
CQD 71.91844786
CQD 71.9
71.9.
33

The area of ABC
1
(AC)(BC) sin ACB
2
1
(20)(12) sin 60
2
60 3 cm2

1
(AB)(CQ) 60 3
2
1
(4 19 )(CQ) 60 3
2
CQ 11.92079121cm
Since ABC ABD, the reqruied angle is CQD.
1
CD
CQD 2
sin
2
CQ
CQD
0.587209345
sin
2
CQD 71.91844786
CQD 71.9
71.9.
(c)

1
CD
CPD 2
Note that sin
.
2
CP
Since CP CQ, we have CPD CQD.

Thus, CPD increases as P moves from A to Q and decreases
as P moves from Q to B.
https://youtu.be/ABG7sd17fek
34

Question about bearing:
East, South, West and North direction will be given in this type of
question.
There are two bearing systems
True bearing
Compass bearing
Two diagrams have to be drawn

Situation Diagram
Radar Diagram
35

Checkpoint:
1.
In the figure, points A, B and C are on the same horizontal plane,

CD is a vertical tower of height 50 m. B is due east of the tower
while A is S30W from the tower. The angles of elevation of the
lower from A and B are 30 and 60 respectively. P is a point on AB
and CP AB. Find
(a)
the distance between A and B.
(5 marks)
(b)
the distance between C and AB, i.e. CP.
(4 marks)
(c)
the angle of elevation of D from P.
(2 marks)
Give the answers correct to the nearest integer.
36

Solution:
(a)
AC =
50
tan 30
BC =
50
tan 60
cos 180 =
AC 2 BC 2 AB 2
2(AC )(BC )
AB2 = AC2 + BC2 2(AC)(BC) cos 120

AB = 104 m (corl. to nearest integer)
(b)
AB
BC
sin 120 sin CAP
CAP = 13.89788625
sinCAP =
CP
AC
CP = 21 cm (corl. to nearest integer)

(c)
tanCPD =
50
CP
CPD = 67 (corl. to nearest integer)
37

2.
In the figure, OT is a vertical pole of height h m. A boy located at A

is 10 3 m due North of O. He finds that the angle of elevation of T
from him is 25. A girl located at B is 10 m due East of O.
(a). Find h and hence, find the angle of elevation of T from B.

(3 marks)
(b). The boy walks due East and the girl walks in a bearing N E
with the same speed as the boy. If they meet at point C, find
(i).
OAB and hence, the value of .
(ii). AB, OC and the angle of elevation of T from C.
(6 marks)
(c). If now the girl walks back along CB to another point D (not
shown in the figure) such that the angle of elevation of T from
D is the same as that from C, find BD.
(3 marks)
38

Solution:
(a). H = 8.08 m; Angle of elevation of T from B = 38.9
(b).
(i).
OAB = 30 , = 30
(ii).
AB = 20 m, OC = 10 7 m
Angle of elevation of T from C = 17
(c). As the angle of elevation is the same

OD & OC must be same & OBD is 60 as he is walking
along BC
(10 7 )2 = 102 + BD2 -2(10)BD cos 120
600 = BD2 + 10BD
BD2 + 10BD 600 = 0
BD = 30 or 20 (rejected)
39
Figure 8
In Figure 8, OT is a vertical tower of height h metres and O, P and Q are
points on the same horizontal plane. When a man is at P, he finds that the
tower is due north and that the angle of elevation of the top T of the tower
is 30. When he walks a distance of 500 metres in the direction N50E to
Q, he finds that the bearing of the tower is N70W.
(a) Find OQ and OP.
(3 marks)
(b) Find h.
(2 marks)
(c) Find the angle of elevation of T from Q, giving your answer
correct to the nearest degree.
(2 marks)
(d)
(i)
If he walks a further distance of 400 metres from Q in a
direction NE to a point R (not shown in Figure 8) on
the same horizontal plane, he finds that the angle of
elevation of T is 20. Find OQR and hence write
down the value of to the nearest integer.
(ii) If he starts from Q again and walks the same distance of
400 metres in another direction to a point S on the same
horizontal plane, he finds that the angle of elevation of T
is again 20. Find the bearing of S from Q, giving your
answer correct to the nearest degree.
(5 marks)
94 IB 14
40

Solution:
(a) POQ = 70,

PQO = 180 70 50
= 60
POQ
By sine rule,
500
OP
OQ
sin 70 sin 60 sin 50

500 sin 50
OQ =
sin 70
= 408m (407.6m)
500 sin 60
OP =
sin 70
= 461m (460.8m)
(3 marks)
a
b
c
sin A sin B sin C
(b) h = 460.8 tan30

= 266 (266.04)
(2 marks)
OPT
41

(c) In OQT,
266.04
407.6
TQO = 33.1
= 33 (correct to the nearest degree)
tanTQO =
(2 marks)
(d)
(i)
Denote and in the figure.

In ORT.
266.04
OR =
tan 20
= 730.95
By cosine rule, in OQR,

(407.60) 2 400 2 (730.95) 2
cosOQR =
2(407.60)(400)
OQR = 129.66
= 130
So, = 130 70
= 60
OROQR OQR OQS
Q S
For OQR OQS,
OQR = 130
= 130 20 90 = 20
So, the bearing of S from Q is S20E
(or 160)
(5 marks)
(1) OPQ
(2) (d) (ii) OQR OQS
(ii)
42

Shadow question
Light shines on vertical pole at an angle
The ray is depend on the light sources

The area of shadow can varies
Generally, the object length shadow length
43

Checkpoint:
1. A vertical rectangular wall on the horizontal ground, 2 m high and 6
m long, runs east and west as shown in the figure. If the sun bears
S45E at an elevation of 60, find the area of the shadow of the wall
on the ground.
A.
B.
C.
D.
4 3m 2
4 2m 2
6m 2
2 6m 2
Solution: D
44

2.
triangular plate ABC is erected vertically on the horizontal plane and

is right-angled at A. AB = 5 m. AC = 10 m. The sunlight shines along
SQ as shown in the figure. The angle of elevation of B from Q is 30.
Given QAC = 60.
(a).
Find AQ and QC.
(4 marks)
(b). Find the area of the shadow of the plate.

(c).
(2 marks)
If now the plate is rotated anti-clockwise through an angle of

90, find the area of the shadow of the plate.
(2 marks)
(d). Find the position of the plate (within the range of the included
angle between AC and AQ) such that the shadow of the pate is
a maximum. Hence, find the maximum area of the shadow.
(4 marks)
45

Solution:
(a). AQ = 5 3 m, QC = 9.40 m
(b). 37.50 m2
(c).
(d).
21.65 m2
100 75 = 5 m
Area = 43.3 m2
46

3. In the figure, ABC is a triangular metal sheet in which AB = AC = 2
m and BC = 2 m . It is placed with its edge AB on the horizontal.
The edges AC and BC make angles and with the horizontal
respectively. The metal sheet casts a shadow ABD under the sun. CD
is a vertical line in the figure.
3
.
4
Hence find the area of the metal sheet.
(b). Show that sin = 2 sin .
(c). Let = 30
(i).Find the length of AD.
(ii). Using the result in (b), find CBD and the length of BD.
Hence determine ADB and the area of the shadow ABD.
(a).
Show that cos CAB =
47

Solution:
(a).
In CAB , by cosine law

2 2 = 22 + 22 2(2)(2) cos CAB
2 = 8 8 cos CAB
3
cos CAB =
4
1
7 2
Area = (2)(2) sin CAB =
m
2
2
(b).
In ACD, sin =
CD = 2 sin
CD
2
In CBD, sin =
CD
2
CD = 2 sin
Hence, 2 sin = 2 sin
sin = 2 sin
(c).
AD
AD
(i).cos =
; cos30 =
2
2
AD
3
=
, AD = 3
2
2
(ii).
sin = 2 sin
2
= 2 sin 30 =
2
= 45
BD = 2 sin 45 = 1
In ADB, by cos law,
Area =
22 = 3 2 + 12 = 2( 3 )(1) cos ADB

cos ADB = 0
ADB = 90
Notes: You may use converse of Pythagoras Theorem
3 2
1
(1) 3 =
m
2
2
48

4. Figure 9 shows a triangular road sign ABC attached to a vertical pole
OAB standing on the horizontal ground. The plane ABC is vertical
with OA = 2m, AB = 0.6 m, AC = 0.7 m and BC = 0.8 m. D is a point
on the horizontal ground vertically below C and is due north of the
foot O of the pole.
The sun is due west. When its angle of elevation is 30, the shadow
of the road sign on the horizontal ground is ABC.
(a) Find the lengths of OA and AB.

marks)
(b) Calculate BAC and hence find the length of OD.
(3
(4 marks)
(c) Find the area of the shadow ABC.

(2 marks)
(d) If the angle of elevation of the sun is less than 30,
(i)
(ii)
state whether the shadow of AB is longer than, shorter

than, or equal to AB in (a); and hence
state with reasons whether the area of the shadow of the
road sign ABC is larger than, smaller than, or equal to
that of ABC in (c).
(3 marks)
49

Solution:
2
2 3m
tan 30
AB = OB OA
2.6
2
tan 30 tan 30
2.6 3 2 3
= 0.6 3m
AOA
(b) In ABC,
0.6 2 0.7 2 0.8 2 1
cosBAC =
=
4
2(0.6)(0.7)
BAC = 75.5
OD = 0.7 sin75.5
= 0.678m
(a) OA =
b2 c2 a 2
cosA =
2bc
50
(3 marks)
(4 marks)

(c) Area of shadow ABC
1
= (AB) (OD)
2
1
= (0.6 3 ) 0.678
2
= 0.352m2
(2 marks)
(d) For the angle of elevation is less then 30,

(i)
the shadow of the triangle will be increased.
(ii) Since the length OD remains unchanged while the length
of AB will increase, so the area of the shadow of the
road sign ABC will be larger.
(3
marks)
30
(i)
(ii) OD
(1) (c) OD
(2) (d) OD
51

5. Figure 12(a) shows a triangular parking sign ABC. It is made of
transparent plastic plate with a symbol P. The plate ABC is
attached to a vertical pole OAB standing on the horizontal ground,
where vertex C is due north of O. D is a point on the horizontal
ground vertically below C.
When the sun is due east and its angle of elevation is 40, the
shadow of the parking sign ABC on the horizontal ground is
A1B1C1.
It is given that OA = 3 m, AB = 0.6 m, BC = 0.7 m and CA = 0.5 m.
(a) Find the area of ABC.

(3
marks)
(b) Find the length of OD.
(2 marks)
(c) Find the length of A1B1. Hence, find the area of A1B1C1.
(4 marks)
(d) Now the sun is due west and its angle of elevation is 40. Suppose
A2B2C2 is the shadow of the parking sign on the horizontal
ground.
i. In Figure 12(b), sketch the image A2B2C2.
ii. State with reason whether the area of A2B2C2 is
larger than, smaller than or equal to the area of
A1B1C1.
(2 marks)
52

Solution:
(a)
0.6 0.7 0.5

= 0.9
2
By Herons formula
Area of ABC
= ss a s bs c cm2
s=
0.90.9 0.60.9 0.70.9 0.5 m2
1M
= 0.146969 m2
= 0.147 m2
(b)
(c)
(cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
1
(AB)(OD) = Area of ABC
2
20.146969
OD =
m
0.6
1M
= 0.489898 m
= 0.490 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
In OBB1,
OB
OB1 =
tan 40
3 0.6
3.6
=
m=
m
tan 40
tan 40
In OAA1,
OA
3
OA1 =
m
tan 40 tan 40
A1B1 = OB1 OA1

= 0.715052 m
= 0.715 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Area of A1B1C1
1
= (A1B1)(OD)
2
1M
1
= (0.715052)(0.489898) m2
2
= 0.175151 m2
= 0.175 m2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
53
1A
(3)
1A
(2)
1
1A
1A
(4)
(d)
(i)
1A
(ii)
Area of A2B2C2 is equal to the area of A1B1C1

because A2B2C2 is the image of reflection of A1B1C1
with the axis of reflection OD.
1
(2)
54

Frustum Question
Volume of frustum = V1 - V2
Frustum must be cut parallel to the base.
We must use similar figure to solve this type of question
V2
2 3
=( )
1
1
2 3
2 = V1 ( )
1
55

Checkpoint:
1. Figure 5(a) shows a right pyramid VABCD with a square base, where
VAB = 72. The length of a side of the base is 20 cm. Let P and Q
be the points lying on VA and VD respectively such that PQ is
parallel to BC and PBA = 60. A geometric model is made by
cutting off the pyramid VPBCQ from VABCD as shown in Figure
5(b).
(a) Find the length of AP.
(2 marks)
(b) Let be the angle between the plane PBCQ and the base ABCD.
i.
Find .
ii.
Let be the angle between PB and the base ABCD. Which

one of and is greater? Explain your answer.
(5 marks)
56

Solution:
1.
(a)
By sine formula, we have

1M
AP
AB
sin PBA sin APB

AP
20
sin 60 sin(180 60 72)

AP = 23.30704256cm
AP 23.3cm
Thus, the length of AP is 23.3cm.
1A
r.t. 23.3 cm
1M
----------------|
either one
|
------------------
(b)
(i)
Let S be the foot of the perpendicular from P to AD.

PS
= APsinPAD
23.30704256sin72
22.1663147cm
AS
= APcosPAD
23.30704256cos72
7.202272239cm
By sine formula, we have
PB
AB
sin PAB sin APB

PB
20
sin 72 sin(180 60 72)

PB 25.59545552cm
Let T be the foot of the perpendicular from P to BC.
PT2 = PB2 AS2
PT2 (25.59545552)2 (7.202272239)2
PT 24.56124219cm
Note that = PTS.
By cosine formula, we have
PT2 ST 2 PS2
cos =
2(PT)(ST )
cos
(ii)
(24.56124219) (20) (22.1663147)

2(24.56124219)(20)
2
1M
1M
= 58.59703733
58.6
1A
Let X be the projection of P on the base ABCD.

Then, we have = PBX.
1M
57
r.t. 58.6

Note that PB > PT.
sin
PX
PT
PX
PB
= sinPBX
= sin
Since and are acute angles, is greater than .
1A
-------(6)
f.t.
58

2.
Figure 7 shows a rectangular plane ABCD which is inclined at 30

to the horizontal plane ABEF, where E and F are vertically below C
and D respectively. Suppose DBF = , AFB = 60 and BD = 500
m.
(a)
Express BF and DF in terms of .

(2 marks)
(b)
(i)
By considering AFD, express AF in terms of . (Give

your answer in surd form if necessary.)
(ii)
By considering AFB, express AF in terms of .
(iii)
Hence, or otherwise, find the value of correct to 3

significant figures.
(6 marks)
(c)
Find the angle of elevation, as observed from B, of the top of a

vertical pole erected at D and of height 50 m.
(3
marks)
59

Solution:
a)
BF = 500co
DF = 500sin
b)
DF
= tan30
AF
500 sin 1
AF
3
AF = 500 3 sin
AF
(ii)
cos60 =
500 cos
AF = 500cos60cos
(iii)
500 3 sin 500 cos 60 cos
1
3 sin cos
2
1
tan =
2 3
16.1
BF = 500cos16.1
= 480.384
Total H = 138.675 + 50 = 188.675
188.675
tan =
480.384
= 21.4
(i)
c)
DF = 138.675
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6jdf5sqB3k
60

Paper folding question
Two diagrams have to be drawn
Plane Diagram (Before folding)
3-D Diagram (After folding)
New points must be indicated by , e.g. new A A, new B B
61

Checkpoint:
1. In the figure, ABCD is a square paper. E and F are midpoint of AB
and DC respectively. EF intersects the diagonal BD at O. The paper
b then folded along EF such that AEBE and DF FC. BOD =
A.
B.
C.
D.
120
150
135
90
Ans: C
62

2.
Figure 8a
Figure 8b
In Figure 8a, ABCD is a thin square metal sheet of side three metres.
The metal sheet is folded along BD and the edges AD and CD of the
folded metal sheet are placed on a horizontal plane II with B two
metres vertically above the plane II. E is the foot of the perpendicular
from B to the plane II. (See Figure 8b)
(a) Find the lengths of BD, ED and AE, leaving your answers in
surd form.
(3 marks)
(b) Find ADE.
(3 marks)
(c) Find the angle between BD and the plane II.
(2 marks)
(d) Find the angle between the planes ABD and CBD. (4 marks)
92 IB 15
63

Solution:
(a) BD = 32 32
= 3 2m
ED = (3 2 ) 2 2 2
= 14 m
AE = 32 2 2
= 5m
(3 marks)
ABDBDE ABE BDED AE
32 14 2 52
2(3)( 14 )
ADE = 36.7
(3 marks)
2
2
b c a
cosA =
2bc
(c) The required angle is BDE,
BE
sinBDE =
BD
2
=
3 2
BDE = 28.1
So, the angle between BD and the plane II is 28.1
BDE
(b) cosADE =
64
(2 marks)

(d) Let k be the mid point of BD, the required angle is AKC
AK = 32 (
=
3 2 2
)
2
3 2
2
CK = 32 (
3 2 2
)
2
3 2
2
2
AC = 32 + 32 2 (3) (3) cosADC
= 18 18 cos 2 36.7
= 12.85 76
3 2 2 3 2 2
(
) (
) 12.8576
2
2
cosAKC =
= 0.428 6
3 2 3 2
2(
)(
)
2
2
AKC = 115
So, the angle between the planes ABD and CBD is 115
(4 marks)
(1) (a)
(2)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6jdf5sqB3k
65

2. Figure 4(a) shows a piece of rectangular paper ABCD. It is folded
along BD and placed on a horizontal table such that the plane BCD is
vertical and the points A, C, D lie on the table as shown in Figure
4(b). Given that AD = a and AB = 2a.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
By the converse of Pythagoras Theorem, or otherwise,

prove that ACD is right-angled.
Find the angle between the plane ABD and the table.
(5 marks)
By considering the area of ABD, or otherwise, find the
distance between A and BD in terms of a.
In Figure 4(a), let X be the point on BD such that AX
BD and AX produced intersects CD at Y.
(1) By considering the similar triangles AXD and ADY
in Figure 4(a), or otherwise, find AY and DY in
terms of a.
(2) Find the angle between the planes ABD and BCD
in Figure 4(b), correct to the nearest degree.
(7 marks)
66

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