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College
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

College(Latin:collegium)isaneducationalinstitutionora
constituentpartofone.UsageofthewordcollegevariesinEnglish
speakingnations.Acollegemaybeadegreeawardingtertiary
educationalinstitution,apartofacollegiateuniversity,oran
institutionofferingvocationaleducation.
IntheUnitedStatesandItaly,"College"formallyreferstoa
constituentpartofauniversity,butgenerally"College"and
"university"areusedinterchangeably,[1]whereasinOceaniaand
SouthAsia,"College"mayrefertoasecondaryorhighschool,a
collegeoffurthereducation,atraininginstitutionthatawardstrade
qualifications,oraconstituentpartofauniversity(Seethis
comparisonofBritishandAmericanEnglisheducational
terminologyforfurtherinformation).

King'sCollege,oneoftheconstituent
collegesoftheUniversityof
Cambridge

Contents
1 Etymology
2 Overview
2.1 Highereducation
2.2 Secondaryeducation
2.3 Other
3 Countrybycountry
3.1 Australia
3.2 Canada
3.3 Chile
3.4 Georgia
3.5 Greece
3.6 HongKong
3.7 India
3.8 Ireland
3.9 Israel
3.10 Macau
3.11 NewZealand
3.12 Philippines
3.13 Portugal
3.14 Singapore
3.15 SouthAfrica
3.16 SriLanka
3.17 UnitedKingdom
3.17.1 SixthForm
3.17.2 Highereducation
3.18 UnitedStates
3.19 Zimbabwe

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3.19 Zimbabwe
4 Seealso
5 References

Etymology
InancientRomeacollegiumwasacluborsociety,agroupofpeoplelivingtogetherunderacommonsetof
rules(con="together"+leg="law"orlego="Ichoose"or"Iread").

Overview
SeealsothiscomparisonofBritishandAmericanEnglisheducationalterminologyforfurther
information.

Highereducation
Withinhighereducation,thetermcanbeusedtoreferto:[2]
aconstituentpartofacollegiateuniversity,forexampleKing'sCollege,Cambridge
acollegeoffurthereducation,forexampleBelfastMetropolitanCollege
acollegeoffurthereducationbutalsoaconstituentpartofacollegiateorfederaluniversity,for
exampleKing'sCollegeLondon,oneofthefoundingcollegesofUniversityofLondon

Secondaryeducation
Insomenationaleducationsystems,secondaryschoolsmaybe
called"colleges"orhave"college"aspartoftheirtitle.
InAustraliatheterm"college"isappliedtoanyprivateor
independent(nongovernment)primaryand,especially,secondary
schoolasdistinctfromastateschool.MelbourneGrammarSchool,
CranbrookSchool,SydneyandTheKing'sSchool,Parramattaare
consideredcolleges.
Therehasalsobeenarecenttrendtorenameorcreategovernment
secondaryschoolsas"colleges".InthestateofVictoria,somestate
highschoolsarereferredtoassecondarycolleges.Interestingly,the
preeminentgovernmentsecondaryschoolforboysinMelbourneis
stillnamedMelbourneHighSchool.InWesternAustralia,South
AustraliaandtheNorthernTerritory,"college"isusedinthename
ofallstatehighschoolsbuiltsincethelate1990s,andalsosome
olderones.InNewSouthWales,somehighschools,especially
multicampusschoolsresultingfrommergers,areknownas
"secondarycolleges".InQueenslandsomenewerschoolswhich
acceptprimaryandhighschoolstudentsarestyledstatecollege,but
stateschoolsofferingonlysecondaryeducationarecalled"State
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College

King'sCollegeLondon,established
byRoyalCharterhavingbeen
foundedbyKingGeorgeIVandthe
DukeofWellingtonin1829,isoneof
thefoundingcollegesofthe
UniversityofLondon.
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HighSchool".InTasmaniaandtheAustralianCapitalTerritory,
"college"referstothefinaltwoyearsofhighschool(years11and
12),andtheinstitutionswhichprovidethis.Inthiscontext,
"college"isasystemindependentoftheotheryearsofhighschool.
Here,theexpressionisashorterversionofmatriculationcollege.
InanumberofCanadiancities,manygovernmentrunsecondary
schoolsarecalled"collegiates"or"collegiateinstitutes"(C.I.),a
ScotchCollege,Melbourneisan
complicatedformoftheword"college"whichavoidstheusual
independentsecondaryschool
"postsecondary"connotation.Thisisbecausethesesecondary
schoolshavetraditionallyfocusedonacademic,ratherthan
vocational,subjectsandabilitylevels(forexample,collegiatesofferedLatinwhilevocationalschools
offeredtechnicalcourses).Someprivatesecondaryschools(suchasUpperCanadaCollege,Vancouver
College)choosetousetheword"college"intheirnamesnevertheless.[3]Somesecondaryschools
elsewhereinthecountry,particularlyoneswithintheseparateschoolsystem,mayalsousetheword
"college"or"collegiate"intheirnames.[4]
InNewZealandtheword"college"normallyreferstoasecondaryschoolforages13to17and"college"
appearsaspartofthenameespeciallyofprivateorintegratedschools."Colleges"mostfrequentlyappearin
theNorthIsland,whereas"highschools"aremorecommonintheSouthIsland.
InSouthAfrica,somesecondaryschools,especiallyprivateschools
ontheEnglishpublicschoolmodel,have"college"intheirtitle.
ThusnolessthansixofSouthAfrica'sEliteSevenhighschoolscall
themselves"college"andfitthisdescription.Atypicalexampleof
thiscategorywouldbeStJohn'sCollege.
Privateschoolsthatspecializeinimprovingchildren'smarks
throughintensivefocusonexaminationneedsareinformallycalled
"cramcolleges".
StJohn'sCollege,Johannesburg
InSriLankatheword"college"(knownasVidyalayainSinhala)
normallyreferstoasecondaryschool,whichusuallysignifiesabove
the5thstandard.DuringtheBritishcolonialperiodalimitednumberofexclusivesecondaryschoolswere
establishedbasedonEnglishpublicschoolmodel(RoyalCollegeColombo,S.Thomas'College,Mount
Lavinia,TrinityCollege,Kandy)thesealongwithseveralCatholicschools(St.Joseph'sCollege,Colombo,
StAnthony'sCollege)traditionallycarrytheirnameascolleges.Followingthestartoffreeeducationin
1931largegroupofcentralcollegeswereestablishedtoeducatetheruralmasses.SinceSriLankagained
Independencein1948,manyschoolsthathavebeenestablishedhavebeennamedas"college".

Other
Aswellasaneducationalinstitution,thetermcanalsorefer,followingitsetymology,toanyformalgroup
ofcolleaguessetupunderstatuteorregulationoftenunderaRoyalCharter.Examplesareanelectoral
college,theCollegeofArms,acollegeofcanons,andtheCollegeofCardinals.Othercollegiatebodies
includeprofessionalassociations,particularlyinmedicineandalliedprofessions.IntheUKtheseinclude
theRoyalCollegeofNursingandtheRoyalCollegeofPhysicians.ExamplesintheUnitedStatesinclude
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theAmericanCollegeofPhysicians,theAmericanCollegeof
Surgeons,andtheAmericanCollegeofDentists.Anexamplein
AustraliaistheRoyalAustralianCollegeofGeneralPractitioners.

Countrybycountry
Australia
RoyalCollegeColombo
InAustraliaacollegemaybeaninstitutionoftertiaryeducationthat
issmallerthanauniversity,runindependentlyoraspartofa
university.Followingareforminthe1980smanyoftheformerlyindependentcollegesnowbelongtoa
largeruniversities.

Referringtopartsofauniversity,thereareresidentialcollegeswhichprovideresidenceforstudents,both
undergraduateandpostgraduate,calleduniversitycolleges.Thesecollegesoftenprovideadditionaltutorial
assistance,andsomehosttheologicalstudy.Manycollegeshavestrongtraditionsandrituals,soarea
combinationofdormitorystyleaccommodationandfraternityorsororityculture.
Mosttechnicalandfurthereducationinstitutions(TAFEs),whichoffercertificateanddiplomavocational
courses,arestyled"TAFEcolleges"or"CollegesofTAFE".
Someseniorhighschoolsalsorefertothemselvesascolleges.

Canada
InCanada,theterm"college"usuallyreferstoatradesschool,applied
arts/science/technology/business/healthschoolorcommunitycollege.Thesearepostsecondaryinstitutions
grantingcertificates,diplomas,associate'sdegree,andinsomecasesbachelor'sdegrees.InQuebec,the
termisseldomusedtheFrenchacronymforpubliccolleges,CEGEP(Collged'enseignementgnralet
professionnel,"collegeofgeneralandprofessionaleducation"),iscolloquially,yetincorrectly,usedasan
umbrellatermtorefertoallcollegiatelevelinstitutionsspecifictotheQuebeceducationsystem,astepthat
isrequiredtocontinueontouniversity(unlessoneappliesasa"mature"student,meaning21yearsofageor
over,andoutoftheeducationalsystemforatleast2years),ortolearnatrade.InOntarioandAlberta,there
arealsoinstitutionswhicharedesignateduniversitycolleges,astheyonlygrantundergraduatedegrees.
Thisistodifferentiatebetweenuniversities,whichhavebothundergraduateandgraduateprogramsand
thosethatdonot.IncontrasttousageintheUnitedStates,thereisastrongdistinctionbetween"college"
and"university"inCanada.Inconversation,onespecificallywouldsayeither"Theyaregoingto
university"(i.e.,studyingforathreeorfouryeardegreeatauniversity)or"Theyaregoingtocollege"
(suggestingtechnical/careertrainingoruniversitytransfercourses).
TheRoyalMilitaryCollegeofCanada,afullfledgeddegreegrantinguniversity,doesnotfollowthe
namingconventionusedbytherestofthecountry,nordoesitssisterschoolRoyalMilitaryCollegeSaint
JeanorthenowclosedRoyalRoadsMilitaryCollege.
Theterm"college"alsoappliestodistinctentitieswithinauniversity(usuallyreferredtoas"federated
colleges"or"affiliatedcolleges"),totheresidentialcollegesintheUnitedKingdom.Thesecollegesact
independently,butinaffiliationorfederationwiththeuniversitythatactuallygrantsthedegrees.For
example,TrinityCollegewasonceanindependentinstitution,butlaterbecamefederatedwiththe
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UniversityofToronto,andisnowoneofitsresidentialcolleges(thoughitremainsadegreegranting
institutionthroughitsFacultyofDivinity).InthecaseofMemorialUniversityofNewfoundland,locatedin
St.John's,theCornerBrookcampusiscalledSirWilfredGrenfellCollege.Occasionally,"college"refersto
asubjectspecificfacultywithinauniversitythat,whiledistinct,areneitherfederatednoraffiliated
CollegeofEducation,CollegeofMedicine,CollegeofDentistry,CollegeofBiologicalScience[5]among
others.
Therearealsouniversitiesreferredtoasartcolleges,empoweredtograntacademicdegreesofBFA,Bdes,
MFA,MdesandsometimescollaborativePhDdegrees.Someofthemhave"university"intheirname
(NSCADUniversity,OCADUniversityandEmilyCarrUniversityofArtandDesign)andothersdonot.
Onlineanddistanceeducation(Elearning)use"college"inthenameintheBritishsense,forexample:
CanadaCapstoneCollege.
Oneuseoftheterm"college"intheAmericansenseisbytheCanadianFootballLeague(CFL),whichcalls
itsannualentrydrafttheCanadianCollegeDraft.ThedraftisrestrictedtoplayerswhoqualifyunderCFL
rulesas"nonimports"essentially,playerswhowereraisedinCanada(seethemainCFLarticlefora
moredetaileddefinition).Becauseaplayer'sdesignationas"nonimport"isnotaffectedbywhereheplays
postsecondaryfootball,thecategoryincludesformerplayersatU.S.collegefootballprograms
("universities"intheCanadiansense)aswellasCISfootballprogramsatCanadianuniversities.

Chile
InChile,theterm"college"isusuallyusedinthenameofsomebilingualschools,likeSantiagoCollege,
SaintGeorge'sCollegeetc.

Georgia
InternationalAssociationof"TouristsandTravelers"College.Internationalassociation"touristsand
travelers"isanoncommercial,nonpoliticalandnonindustrialorganization,whichiscreatedtodevelop
tourisminGeorgia.[6]

Greece
TheCentersofPostsecondaryEducation(abbreviatedKEMEinGreek,alsocanbereferredtoasColleges),
belongtotheGreekPostsecondaryEducationandareprincipallyprivateandhavesomelinkwithforeign
(mainlyfromtheEU,butalsofromtheUS)highereducationinstitutionsoraccreditationorganizations.
Theword'college'isalsousedtodescribesome[private]nontertiaryschools.

HongKong
InHongKong,theterm'college'isusedbytertiaryinstitutionsaseitherpartoftheirnamesortorefertoa
constituentpartoftheuniversity,suchasthecollegesinthecollegiateTheChineseUniversityofHong
Kongortoaresidencehallofauniversity,suchasSt.John'sCollege,UniversityofHongKong.Many
oldersecondaryschoolshavetheterm'college'aspartoftheirnames.

India
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ThemodernsystemofeducationwasheavilyinfluencedbytheBritishstartingin1835.[7]
InIndia,theterm"college"iscommonlyreservedforinstitutionsthatofferdegreesatyear12("Junior
College",similartoAmericanhighschools),andthosethatofferthebachelor'sdegree.Generally,colleges
arelocatedindifferentpartsofastateandallofthemareaffiliatedtoaregionaluniversity.Thecolleges
offerprogrammesunderthatuniversity.Examinationsareconductedbytheuniversityatthesametimefor
allcollegesunderitsaffiliation.Thereareseveralhundreduniversitiesandeachuniversityhasaffiliated
colleges.
ThefirstliberalartsandsciencescollegeinIndiawasC.M.S.CollegeKottayam,Kerala,establishedin
1817,andthePresidencyCollege,Kolkata,also1817,initiallyknownasHinduCollege.Thefirstcollege
forthestudyofChristiantheologyandecumenicalenquirywasSeramporeCollege(1818).Thefirst
MissionaryinstitutiontoimpartWesternstyleeducationinIndiawastheScottishChurchCollege,Calcutta
(1830).ThefirstcommerceandeconomicscollegeinIndiawasSydenhamCollege,Mumbai(1913).

Ireland
InIrelandtheterm"college"isnormallyusedtodescribean
institutionoftertiaryeducation.Universitystudentsoftensaythey
attend"college"ratherthan"university".Until1989,nouniversity
providedteachingorresearchdirectlytheywereformallyoffered
byaconstituentcollegeoftheuniversity.
Therearenumberofsecondaryeducationinstitutionsthat
ParliamentSquare,TrinityCollege,
traditionallyusedtheword"college"intheirnames:theseareeither
Dublin
older,privateschools(suchasBelvedereCollege,GonzagaCollege
andSt.Michael'sCollege)orwhatwereformerlyaparticularkind
ofsecondaryschool.Thesesecondaryschools,formerlyknownas"technicalcolleges,"wererenamed
"communitycolleges,"butremainsecondaryschools.
Thecountry'sonlyancientuniversityistheUniversityofDublin.CreatedduringthereignofElizabethI,it
ismodelledonthecollegiateuniversitiesofCambridgeandOxford.However,onlyoneconstituentcollege
waseverfounded,hencethecuriouspositionofTrinityCollege,Dublintodayalthoughbothareusually
consideredoneandthesame,theUniversityandCollegearecompletelydistinctcorporateentitieswith
separateandparallelgoverningstructures.
Amongmoremodernfoundations,theNationalUniversityofIreland,foundedin1908,consistedof
constituentcollegesandrecognisedcollegesuntil1997.Theformerarenowreferredtoasconstituent
universitiesinstitutionsthatareessentiallyuniversitiesintheirownright.TheNationalUniversitycan
traceitsexistencebackto1850andthecreationoftheQueen'sUniversityofIrelandandthecreationofthe
CatholicUniversityofIrelandin1854.From1880,thedegreeawardingrolesofthesetwouniversitieswas
takenoverbytheRoyalUniversityofIreland,whichremaineduntilthecreationoftheNationalUniversity
in1908andQueen'sUniversityBelfast.
Thestate'stwonewuniversitiesDublinCityUniversityandUniversityofLimerickwereinitiallyNational
InstituteforHigherEducationinstitutions.Theseinstitutionsoffereduniversitylevelacademicdegreesand
researchfromthestartoftheirexistenceandwereawardeduniversitystatusin1989inrecognitionofthis.

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ThirdleveltechnicaleducationinthestatehasbeencarriedoutintheInstitutesofTechnology,whichwere
establishedfromthe1970sasRegionalTechnicalColleges.Theseinstitutionshavedelegatedauthority
whichentitlesthemtogivedegreesanddiplomasfromtheHigherEducationandTrainingAwardsCouncil
intheirownname.
AnumberofPrivateCollegesexistsuchasDBS,providingundergraduateandpostgraduatecourses
validatedbyHETACandinsomecasesbyotherUniversities.
OthertypesofcollegeincludeCollegesofEducation,suchastheChurchofIrelandCollegeofEducation.
Thesearespecialistinstitutions,oftenlinkedtoauniversity,whichprovidebothundergraduateand
postgraduateacademicdegreesforpeoplewhowanttotrainasteachers.
Anumberofstatefundedfurthereducationcollegesexistwhichoffervocationaleducationandtrainingin
arangeofareasfrombusinessstudies,I.C.Ttosportsinjurytherapy.Thesecoursesareusually1,2orless
often3threeyearsindurationandarevalidatedbyFETACatlevels5or6orfortheBTECHigher
NationalDiplomaawardvalidatedbyEdexcelwhichisalevel6/7qualification.Therearenumerous
privatecolleges(particularlyinDublinandLimerick)whichofferbothfurtherandhighereducation
qualifications.Thesedegreesanddiplomasareoftencertifiedbyforeignuniversities/internationalawarding
bodiesandarealignedtotheNationalFrameworkofQualificationsatlevel6,7and8.

Israel
InIsrael,anynonuniversityhigherlearningfacilityiscalledacollege.Institutionsaccreditedbythe
CouncilforHigherEducationinIsrael(CHE)toconferabachelor'sdegreearecalled"Academic
Colleges."[8]Thesecolleges(atleast4for2012)mayalsooffermaster'sdegreesandactasResearch
facilities.Therearealsoovertwentyteachertrainingcollegesorseminaries,mostofwhichmayawardonly
aBachelorofEducation(B.Ed.)degree.
Academiccolleges:Anyeducationalfacilitythathadbeenapprovedtoofferatleastbachelor'sdegree
isentitledbyCHEtousethetermacademiccollegeinitsname.[9]
Engineeringacademiccollege:Anyacademicfacilitythatofferatleastbachelor'sdegreeandmostof
itfacultiesareprovidinganEngineeringdegreeandEngineeringlicense.
Educationalacademiccollege:Afteraneducationalfacilitythathadbeenapprovedfor"Teachers
seminar"statusisthenapprovedtoprovideaBachelorofEducation,itsnameischangedtoinclude
"EducationalAcademiccollege."
Technicalcollege:A"Technicalcollege"[10]isaneducationalfacilitythatisapprovedtoallowto
provideP.Edegree[11](14'thclass)ortechnician(13)('thclass)diplomaandlicenses.
TrainingCollege:A"TrainingCollege"[12]isaneducationalfacilitythatprovidesbasictrainingfor
personthatwouldallowtoapersontoreceiveaworkingpermitinafieldsuchasalternative
medicine,cooking,Art,Mechanical,Electricalandotherprofessions.Atraineecouldreceivethe
righttoworkincertainprofessionsasapprentice(j.mechanic,j.Electricianetc.).Afterworkingin
thetrainingfieldforenoughtimeanapprenticecouldhavealicensetooperate(Mechanic,
Electrician[13]).Thiseducationalfacilityismostlyusedtoprovidebasictrainingforlowtechjobs
andforjobseekerswithoutanytrainingthatareprovidedbythenation'sEmploymentService(
).

Macau
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FollowingthePortugueseusage,theterm"college"(colgio)inMacauhastraditionallybeenusedinthe
namesforprivate(andnongovernmental)preuniversityeducationalinstitutions,whichcorrespondtoform
onetoformsixlevels.SuchschoolsareusuallyrunbytheRomanCatholicchurchormissionariesin
Macau.ExamplesincludeChanSuiKiPerpetualHelpCollege,YuetWahCollege,andSacredHeart
CanossianCollege.

NewZealand
TheconstituentcollegesoftheformerUniversityofNewZealand
(suchasCanterburyUniversityCollege)havebecomeindependent
universities.SomehallsofresidenceassociatedwithNewZealand
universitiesretainthenameof"college",particularlyatthe
UniversityofOtago(whichalthoughbroughtundertheumbrellaof
theUniversityofNewZealand,alreadypossesseduniversitystatus
anddegreeawardingpowers).Theinstitutionsformerlyknownas
"Teachertrainingcolleges"nowstylethemselves"Collegeof
education".
TheUniversityofOtago
Someuniversities,suchastheUniversityofCanterbury,have
dividedtheirUniversityintoconstituentadministrative"Colleges"
theCollegeofArtscontainingdepartmentsthatteachArts,HumanitiesandSocialSciences,Collegeof
SciencecontainingSciencedepartments,andsoon.ThisislargelymodelledontheCambridgemodel,
discussedabove.

LiketheUnitedKingdomsomeprofessionalbodiesinNewZealandstylethemselvesas"colleges",for
example,theRoyalAustralasianCollegeofSurgeons,theRoyalAustralasianCollegeofPhysicians.
Secondaryschoolisoftenreferredtoascollegeandthetermisusedinterchangeablywithhighschool.This
isreflectedinthenamesofmanysecondaryschoolssuchasRangitotoCollege,NewZealand'slargest
secondary.

Philippines
InthePhilippines,collegesusuallyrefertoinstitutionsoflearningthatgrantdegreesbutwhosescholastic
fieldsarenotasdiverseasthatofauniversity(UniversityofSantoTomas,UniversityofthePhilippines,
AteneodeManilaUniversity,andDeLaSalleUniversity),suchastheSanBedaCollegewhichspecializes
inlawandtheCentralCollegesofthePhilippineswhichspecializesinengineering,ortocomponentunits
withinuniversitiesthatdonotgrantdegreesbutratherfacilitatetheinstructionofaparticularfield,suchas
aCollegeofScienceandCollegeofEngineering,amongmanyothercollegesoftheUniversityofthe
Philippines.
Astatecollegemaynothavetheword"college"onitsname,butmayhaveseveralcomponentcolleges,or
departments.Thus,theEulogioAmangRodriguezInstituteofScienceandTechnologyisastatecollegeby
classification.
Usually,theterm"college"isalsothoughtofasahierarchicaldemarcationbetweentheterm"university",
andquiteanumberofcollegesseektoberecognizedasuniversitiesasasignofimprovementinacademic
standards(ColegiodeSanJuandeLetran,SanBedaCollege),andincreaseinthediversityoftheoffered
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degreeprograms(called"courses").Forprivatecolleges,thismaybedonethroughasurveyandevaluation
bytheCommissiononHigherEducationandaccreditingorganizations,aswasthecaseofUriosCollege
whichisnowtheFr.SaturninoUriosUniversity.Forstatecolleges,itisusuallydonebyalegislationbythe
CongressorSenate.Incommonusage,"goingtocollege"simplymeansattendingschoolforan
undergraduatedegree,whetherit'sfromaninstitutionrecognizedasacollegeorauniversity.
Whenitcomestoreferringtothelevelofeducation,collegeisthetermmoreusedtobesynonymousto
tertiaryorhighereducation.Astudentwhoisorhasstudiedherundergraduatedegreeateitheran
institutionwithcollegeoruniversityinitsnameisconsideredtobegoingtoorhavegonetocollege.

Portugal
PresentlyinPortugal,thetermcolgio(college)isnormallyusedasagenericreferencetoaprivate(non
government)schoolthatprovidesfrombasictosecondaryeducation.Manyoftheprivateschoolsinclude
thetermcolgiointheirname.Somespecialpublicschoolsusuallyoftheboardingschooltypealso
includethetermintheirname,withanotableexamplebeingtheColgioMilitar(MilitaryCollege).The
termcolgiointerno(literally"internalcollege")isusedspecificallyasagenericreferencetoaboarding
school.
Untilthe19thcentury,acolgiowasusuallyasecondaryorpreuniversityschool,ofpublicorreligious
nature,wherethestudentsusuallylivedtogether.AmodelforthesecollegeswastheRoyalCollegeofArts
andHumanities,foundedinCoimbrabyKingJohnIIIofPortugalin1542.

Singapore
Theterm"college"inSingaporeisgenerallyonlyusedforpreuniversityeducationalinstitutionscalled
"JuniorColleges",whichprovidethefinaltwoyearsofsecondaryeducation(equivalenttosixthformin
Britishtermsorgrades1112intheAmericansystem).Since1January2005,thetermalsoreferstothe
threecampusesoftheInstituteofTechnicalEducationwiththeintroductionofthe"collegiatesystem",in
whichthethreeinstitutionsarecalledITECollegeEast,ITECollegeCentral,andITECollegeWest
respectively.
Theterm"university"isusedtodescribehighereducationinstitutionsofferinglocallyconferreddegrees.
Institutionsofferingdiplomasarecalled"polytechnics",whileotherinstitutionsareoftenreferredtoas
"institutes"andsoforth.

SouthAfrica
Althoughtheterm"college"ishardlyusedinanycontextatanyuniversityinSouthAfrica,somenon
universitytertiaryinstitutionscallthemselvescolleges.Theseincludeteachertrainingcolleges,business
collegesandwildlifemanagementcolleges.See:ListofuniversitiesinSouthAfrica#Privatecollegesand
universitiesListofpostsecondaryinstitutionsinSouthAfrica.

SriLanka
Thereareseveralprofessionalandvocationalinstitutionsthatofferpostsecondaryeducationwithout
grantingdegreesthatarereferredtoas"colleges".ThisincludestheSriLankaLawCollege,themany
TechnicalCollegesandTeachingColleges.
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UnitedKingdom
SixthForm
ASixthformcollegeorCollegeoffurthereducationisan
educationalinstitutioninEngland,Wales,Northern
Ireland,Belize,TheCaribbean,Malta,Norway,Brunei
SouthernAfrica,amongothers,wherestudentsaged16to
19typicallystudyforadvancedschoollevelqualifications,
suchasAlevels,BTECandtheInternational
BaccalaureateDiploma,orschoollevelqualificationssuch
asGCSEs.InSingaporeandIndia,thisisknownasa
juniorcollege.Themunicipalgovernmentofthecityof
Parisusesthephrase"sixthformcollege"astheEnglish
nameforalyce.[14]

LeytonSixthFormCollege

IntheUnitedKingdom,"college"canrefertoeithersixthforminthecontextofsecondaryeducation,ora
constituentpartofauniversityinthecontextofhighereducation.
Highereducation
Inhighereducationacollegeisusuallypartofauniversitysuchcollegesdonotawarddegrees.
Universitieswithconstituentcollegesarecollegiateuniversities.Acollegemayalsobeagroupingof
facultiesordepartments,notablyintheUniversityofEdinburgh,theUniversityofSalford,theUniversity
ofBirminghamandtheUniversityofLeicester.
IntheUniversityofOxford,UniversityofCambridge,andUniversityoftheArtsLondon(andformerlyin
theUniversityofWales),collegesprovideaccommodation,tuitionandotherfacilitiestostudentsofthe
university:theuniversityconductsexaminationsandgrantsdegrees.HoweverthecollegesoftheUniversity
ofLondonarenowdefactouniversitiesintheirownright.
Intheothercollegiateuniversities,includingtheUniversityofLancaster,UniversityofYork,Universityof
Kent,UniversityofStAndrewsandUniversityofDurham,thecollegesonlyprovideaccommodationand
pastoralcare.
Auniversitycollegeisanindependentinstitutionwhichpreparesstudentstositasexternalcandidatesat
otheruniversitiesorhastheauthoritytoruncoursesthatleadtothedegreesofthoseuniversities.Itmay
alsobeanindependenthighereducationinstitutionwiththepowertoawarddegrees,butdoesnothave
universitystatus,althoughitisusuallyworkingtowardsit.
Historically,someuniversitiesoriginatedasuniversitycolleges.Forexample,theUniversityofReading
wasanexternalcollegeoftheUniversityofOxford,asUniversityCollege,Reading.TheUniversityisnow
facultybased.

UnitedStates

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IntheUnitedStates,thereareover7,021collegesand
universities.[15]A"college"intheUSformallydenotesaconstituent
partofauniversity,butinpopularusage,theword"college"isthe
generictermforanypostsecondaryundergraduateeducation.
Americans"gotocollege"afterhighschool,regardlessofwhether
thespecificinstitutionisformallyacollegeorauniversity.Some
studentschoosetodualenroll,bytakingcollegeclasseswhilestill
inhighschool.Thewordanditsderivativesarethestandardterms
usedtodescribetheinstitutionsandexperiencesassociatedwith
Americanpostsecondaryundergraduateeducation.
Studentsmustpayforcollegebeforetakingclasses.Someborrow
themoneyvialoans,andsomestudentsfundtheireducationswith
cash,scholarships,orgrants,orsomecombinationofanytwoor
moreofthosepaymentmethods.In2011,thestateorfederal
governmentsubsidized$8,000to$100,000foreachundergraduate
degree.Forstateownedschools(called"public"universities),the
subsidywasgiventothecollege,withthestudentbenefitingfrom
lowertuition.[16][17]Thestatesubsidizedonaverage50%ofpublic
universitytuition.[18]

CityCollegeofNewYork

SaintAnselmCollege

Collegesvaryintermsofsize,degree,andlengthofstay.Twoyear
colleges,alsoknownasjuniororcommunitycolleges,usuallyoffer
anassociate'sdegree,andfouryearcollegesusuallyoffera
bachelor'sdegree.Often,theseareentirelyundergraduate
institutions,althoughsomehavegraduateschoolprograms.
FouryearinstitutionsintheU.S.thatemphasizealiberalarts
curriculumareknownasliberalartscolleges.Untilthe20thcentury,
liberalarts,law,medicine,theology,anddivinitywereaboutthe
onlyformofhighereducationavailableintheUnitedStates.[19][20]
Theseschoolshavetraditionallyemphasizedinstructionatthe
undergraduatelevel,althoughadvancedresearchmaystilloccurat
theseinstitutions.

AgnesScottCollege

WhilethereisnonationalstandardintheUnitedStates,theterm
"university"primarilydesignatesinstitutionsthatprovide
undergraduateandgraduateeducation.Auniversitytypicallyhasas
itscoreanditslargestinternaldivisionanundergraduatecollege
teachingaliberalartscurriculum,alsoculminatinginabachelor's
degree.Whatoftendistinguishesauniversityishaving,inaddition,
oneormoregraduateschoolsengagedinbothteachinggraduate
classesandinresearch.OftenthesewouldbecalledaSchoolof
BatesCollege
LaworSchoolofMedicine,(butmayalsobecalledacollegeof
law,orafacultyoflaw).AnexceptionisVincennesUniversity,
Indiana,whichisstyledandcharteredasa"university"eventhoughalmostallofitsacademicprograms
leadonlytotwoyearassociatedegrees.Someinstitutions,suchasDartmouthCollegeandTheCollegeof
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William&Mary,haveretainedtheterm"college"intheirnamesfor
historicalreasons.Inoneuniquecase,BostonCollegeandBoston
University,bothlocatedinBoston,Massachusetts,arecompletely
separateinstitutions.
Usageofthetermsvariesamongthestates.In1996forexample,
Georgiachangedallofitsfouryearinstitutionspreviously
designatedascollegestouniversities,andallofitsvocational
technologyschoolstotechnicalcolleges.
Theterms"university"and"college"donotexhaustallpossible
titlesforanAmericaninstitutionofhighereducation.Otheroptions
include"institute"(MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology),
"academy"(UnitedStatesMilitaryAcademy),"union"(Cooper
Union),"conservatory"(NewEnglandConservatory),and"school"
(JuilliardSchool).Incolloquialuse,theyarestillreferredtoas
"college"whenreferringtotheirundergraduatestudies.

OccidentalCollege

Thetermcollegeisalso,asintheUnitedKingdom,usedfora
constituentsemiautonomouspartofalargeruniversitybut
generallyorganizedonacademicratherthanresidentiallines.For
BostonCollege
example,atmanyinstitutions,theundergraduateportionofthe
universitycanbebrieflyreferredtoasthecollege(suchasThe
CollegeoftheUniversityofChicago,HarvardCollegeatHarvard,
orColumbiaCollegeatColumbia)whileatothers,suchasthe
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,eachofthefacultiesmaybe
calleda"college"(the"collegeofengineering",the"collegeof
nursing",andsoforth).Thereexistothervariantsforhistorical
reasonsforexample,DukeUniversity,whichwascalledTrinity
Collegeuntilthe1920s,stillcallsitsmainundergraduate
subdivisionTrinityCollegeofArtsandSciences.SomeAmerican
universities,suchasPrinceton,Rice,andYaledohaveresidential
SUNYPurchaseCollege
collegesalongthelinesofOxfordorCambridge,butthenamewas
clearlyadoptedinhomagetotheBritishsystem.Unlikethe
Oxbridgecolleges,theseresidentialcollegesarenotautonomouslegalentitiesnoraretheytypicallymuch
involvedineducationitself,beingprimarilyconcernedwithroom,board,andsociallife.AttheUniversity
ofMichigan,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiegoandtheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,however,
eachoftheresidentialcollegesdoesteachitsowncorewritingcoursesandhasitsowndistinctivesetof
graduationrequirements.
OriginoftheU.S.usage
ThefoundersofthefirstinstitutionsofhighereducationintheUnitedStatesweregraduatesofthe
UniversityofOxfordandtheUniversityofCambridge.Thesmallinstitutionstheyfoundedwouldnothave
seemedtothemlikeuniversitiestheyweretinyanddidnotofferthehigherdegreesinmedicineand
theology.Furthermore,theywerenotcomposedofseveralsmallcolleges.Instead,thenewinstitutionsfelt
liketheOxfordandCambridgecollegestheywereusedtosmallcommunities,housingandfeedingtheir
students,withinstructionfromresidentialtutors(asintheUnitedKingdom,describedabove).Whenthe
firststudentsgraduated,these"colleges"assumedtherighttoconferdegreesuponthem,usuallywith
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authorityforexample,TheCollegeofWilliam&MaryhasaRoyalCharterfromtheBritishmonarchy
allowingittoconferdegreeswhileDartmouthCollegehasacharterpermittingittoawarddegrees"asare
usuallygrantedineitheroftheuniversities,oranyothercollegeinourrealmofGreatBritain."
TheleadersofHarvardCollege(whichgrantedAmerica'sfirstdegreesin1642)mighthavethoughtoftheir
collegeasthefirstofmanyresidentialcollegesthatwouldgrowupintoaNewCambridgeuniversity.
However,overtime,fewnewcollegeswerefoundedthere,andHarvardgrewandaddedhigherfaculties.
Eventually,itchangeditstitletouniversity,buttheterm"college"hadstuckand"colleges"havearisen
acrosstheUnitedStates.
InU.S.usage,theword"college"embodiesnotonlyaparticulartypeofschool,buthashistoricallybeen
usedtorefertothegeneralconceptofhighereducationwhenitisnotnecessarytospecifyaschool,asin
"goingtocollege"or"collegesavingsaccounts"offeredbybanks.
Inasurveyofmorethan2,000collegestudentsin33statesand156differentcampuses,theU.S.Public
InterestResearchGroupfoundtheaveragestudentspendsasmuchas$1,200eachyearontextbooksand
suppliesalone.Bycomparison,thegroupsaysthat'stheequivalentof39percentoftuitionandfeesata
communitycollege,and14percentoftuitionandfeesatafouryearpublicuniversity.[21]
MorrillLandGrantAct
Inadditiontoprivatecollegesanduniversities,theU.S.alsohasasystemofgovernmentfunded,public
universities.ManywerefoundedundertheMorrillLandGrantCollegesActof1862.WhentheMorrillAct
wasestablished,theoriginalcollegesontheeastcoast,primarilythoseoftheIvyLeagueandseveral
religiousbasedcolleges,weretheonlyformofhighereducationavailable,andwereoftenconfinedonlyto
thechildrenoftheelite.Amovementhadarisentobringaformofmorepracticalhighereducationtothe
masses,as"...manypoliticiansandeducatorswantedtomakeitpossibleforallyoungAmericanstoreceive
somesortofadvancededucation."[22]TheMorrillAct"...madeitpossibleforthenewwesternstatesto
establishcollegesforthecitizens."[22]Itsgoalwastomakehighereducationmoreeasilyaccessibletothe
citizenryofthecountry,specificallytoimproveagriculturalsystemsbyprovidingtrainingandscholarship
intheproductionandsalesofagriculturalproducts,[23]andtoprovideformaleducationin"...agriculture,
homeeconomics,mechanicalarts,andotherprofessionsthatseemedpracticalatthetime."[22]
TheactwaseventuallyextendedtoallowallstatesthathadremainedwiththeUnionduringtheAmerican
CivilWar,andeventuallyallstates,toestablishsuchinstitutions.Mostofthecollegesestablishedunderthe
MorrillActhavesincebecomefulluniversities,andsomeareamongtheeliteoftheworld.
Benefitsofcollege
Selectionofafouryearcollegeascomparedtoatwoyearjuniorcollege,evenbymarginalstudentssuchas
thosewithaC+gradeaverageinhighschoolandSATscoresinthemid800s,increasestheprobabilityof
graduationandconferssubstantialeconomicandsocialbenefits.[24][25][26]

Zimbabwe
ThetermcollegeismainlyusedbyprivateorindependentsecondaryschoolswithAdvancedLevel(Upper
6thformers)andalsoPolytechnicCollegeswhichconferdiplomasonly.Astudentcancompletesecondary
education(InternationalGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation,IGCSE)at16yearsandproceed
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straighttoapolytechnicalcollegeortheycanproceedtoAdvancedlevel(16to19years)andobtaina
GeneralCertificateofEducation(GCE)certificatewhichenablesthemtoenrolataUniversityprovided
theyhavegoodgradesalternativelywithlowergradestheGCEcertificateholderswillhaveanadded
advantageovertheirGCSEcounterpartsiftheychoosetoenrolataPolytechnicalCollege.Someschools
inZimbabwechoosetooffertheInternationalBaccalaureatestudiesasanalternativetotheIGCSEand
GCE.

Seealso
Madrasa

References
1.collegenoun(EDUCATION)definitioninBritishEnglishDictionary&ThesaurusCambridgeDictionary
Online(http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/college_1)
2."collegenoun(EDUCATION)".CambridgeDictionaryOnline.
3.PrivateElementaryandSecondarySchools(http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/general/elemsec/privsch/search.asp)
searchformontheMinistryofEducationofOntariowebsiteenter"college"inthe"namecontains"fieldand
checkthe"secondary"checkbox
4.FindaSchoolorSchoolBoard(http://sbinfo.edu.gov.on.ca/schadv.asp)searchformontheMinistryofEducation
ofOntariowebsiteclick"Secondary"and"Separate"
5."CollegeofBiologicalScience".UniversityofGuelph.Retrieved19June2010.
6.Georgia:InternationalAssociationofTouristsandTravelersCollege(http://www.iattonline.org/index/college/0
257)
7.InfluenceofmoderneducationonthecultureofIndiaLatasinha'sWeblog
(http://latasinha.wordpress.com/2010/03/14/impactofmoderneducationonthecultureofindia)
8.Hebrew:

Mikhlalapl.Mikhlalot

9.",1958",()""
"".
10.
11.()
12.or
13.1985",()(http://www.moit.gov.il/NR/exeres/4F6220D0B39643FFBC13
1C56BE3216CF.htm)
14."Children&families(http://www.paris.fr/portail/english/Portal.lut?
page_id=8145&document_type_id=5&document_id=33668&portlet_id=18796)."(Archive
(http://www.webcitation.org/6Ab4dRjru))CityofParis.Retrievedon20July2010.
15.NCES(September2013)."FastFactsEducationalInstitutions".Retrieved6April2015.
16.[1](http://www.air.org/focusarea/education/index.cfm?fa=viewContent&content_id=1288&id=6)
17.[2](http://www.nber.org/digest/dec03/w9720.html)
18.[3](http://chronicle.com/article/articlecontent/131372)
19.Masci,David."Shouldcollegesgetbacktobasics?".CQResearch.
20.[4](http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2044/HigherEducationinUnitedStates.html)
21.Bidwell,Allie."Report:HighTextbookPricesHaveCollegeStudentsStruggling".U.S.News.Retrieved
20150227.
22.Lightcap,Brad.ND.eduTheMorrillActof1862(http://www.nd.edu/~rbarger/www7/morrill.html)
23."ALandGrantInstitution".Dafvm.msstate.edu.11August2009.Retrieved14September2009.
24.DavidLeonhardt(April24,2015)."CollegefortheMasses"(Upshotblog).TheNewYorkTimes.Retrieved
April26,2015."Onlyaboutathirdofyoungadultstodayreceiveabachelor'sdegree.Thenewresearchconfirms
thatmanymoreteenagershavetheabilitytodosoandwouldbenefitfromit"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College

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25.JoshuaGoodman,MichaelHurwitz,JonathanSmith(February2015)."CollegeAccess,InitialCollegeChoice
andDegreeCompletion"(PDF).NationalBureauofEconomicResearch.doi:10.3386/w20996.
26.SethZimmerman(May2013)."TheReturnstoCollegeAdmissionforAcademicallyMarginalStudents"(PDF).
RetrievedApril26,2015."Studentswithgradesjustaboveathresholdforadmissionseligibilityatalargepublic
universityinFloridaaremuchmorelikelytoattendanyuniversitythanbelowthresholdstudents.Themarginal
admissionyieldsearningsgainsof22percentbetweeneightandfourteenyearsafterhighschoolcompletion.
Thesegainsoutstripthecostsofcollegeattendance,andarelargestformalestudentsandfreelunchrecipients."

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