5/21/2015

BERforBPSKinRayleighchannel

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Analog
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byKrishnaSankaronAugust10,2008
Modulation
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BERforBPSKinRayleighchannel

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LongbackintimewediscussedtheBER(biterrorrate)forBPSKmodulationinasimpleAWGNchannel(timestampsstatesAugust2007).Almostanyearback!Ithightimewed
channel.
InabriefdiscussiononRayleighchannel,whereinwestatedthatacircularlysymmetriccomplexGaussianrandomvariableisoftheform,
,
whererealandimaginarypartsarezeromeanindependentandidenticallydistributed(iid)Gaussianrandomvariableswithmean0andvariance
Themagnitude

whichhasaprobabilitydensity,

iscalledaRayleighrandomvariable.Thismodel,calledRayleighfadingchannelmodel,isreasonableforanenvironmentwheretherearelargenumberofreflectors.

Systemmodel
ThereceivedsignalinRayleighfadingchannelisoftheform,
,where
isthereceivedsymbol,
iscomplexscalingfactorcorrespondingtoRayleighmultipathchannel
isthetransmittedsymbol(takingvalues+1sand1s)and
istheAdditiveWhiteGaussianNoise(AWGN)
Assumptions

1.ThechannelisflatfadingInsimpleterms,itmeansthatthemultipathchannelhasonlyonetap.So,theconvolutionoperationreducestoasimplemultiplication.Foramorerigo
fading,mayIurgeyoutoreviewChapter15.3SignalTimeSpreadingfrom[DIGITALCOMMUNICATIONS:SKLAR]
2.Thechannelisrandomlyvaryingintimemeaningeachtransmittedsymbolgetsmultipliedbyarandomlyvaryingcomplexnumber .Since
havingmean0andvariance1/2.

ismodelingaRayleighchannel,

3.Thenoise hastheGaussianprobabilitydensityfunctionwith
with
4.Thechannel

and

isknownatthereceiver.Equalizationisperformedatthereceiverbydividingthereceivedsymbol bytheaprioriknown

i.e.

where
istheadditivenoisescaledbythechannelcoefficient.

BitErrorRate
TheequationslistedbelowrefersChapter14.3in[DIGITALCOMMUNICATION:PROAKIS]

Ifyourecall,inthepostonBERcomputationinAWGN,theprobabilityoferrorfortransmissionofeither+1or1iscomputedbyintegratingthetailoftheGaussianprobabilityd
ratio
.Thebiterrorrateis,

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5/21/2015

BERforBPSKinRayleighchannel

.
Howeverinthepresenceofchannel

,theeffectivebitenergytonoiseratiois

.Sothebiterrorprobabilityforagivenvalueof is,

,
where

Tofindtheerrorprobabilityoverallrandomvaluesof

,onemustevaluatetheconditionalprobabilitydensityfunction

overtheprobabilitydensityfunctionof

Probabilitydensityfunctionof
Fromourdiscussiononchisquarerandomvariable,weknowthatif
distributed.Theprobabilitydensityfunctionof is,

isaRayleighdistributedrandomvariable,then

ischisquaredistributedwithtwodegreesoffreedom.sin

.
Errorprobability
Sotheerrorprobabilityis,
.
Somehow,thisequationreducesto
.
Note:
1.Ihavenotyetfiguredoutthemathtoreducetheaboveintegraltotheanswer.Ifsomeoneknows,kindlydropinacomment.
2.Anotherwayforfindingthebiterrorratemightbetofindthepdfof .However,Idonotknowhowtofindpdffollowingthedivisionoftworandomvariables.

SimulationModel
ItwillbeusefultoprovideasimpleMatlab/OctaveexamplesimulatingaBPSKtransmissionandreceptioninRayleighchannel.Thescriptperformsthefollowing
(a)Generaterandombinarysequenceof+1sand1s.
(b)MultiplythesymbolswiththechannelandthenaddwhiteGaussiannoise.
(c)Atthereceiver,equalize(divide)thereceivedsymbolswiththeknownchannel
(d)Performharddecisiondecodingandcountthebiterrors
(e)Repeatformultiplevaluesof

andplotthesimulationandtheoreticalresults.

ClickheretodownloadMatlab/OctavescriptforBERcomputationofBPSKinRayleighfadingchannel

Figure:BERplotofBPSKinRayleighfadingchannel
WhencomparedtotheAWGNcase,around25dBdegradationduetothemultipathchannel(atthe

point).Thisisbothgoodandbad:badbecauseweneedtospendsomuc

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