Paul Jones

American Pageant1 Chapter 36

1. George F. Kennan
George Frost Kennan was an American advisor, diplomat, political scientist, and historian, best
known as "the father of containment" and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War.
2. Dean Acheson
Dean Gooderham Acheson was an American statesman and lawyer; as United States Secretary of State
in the administration of President Harry S. Truman during 1949–1953, he played a central role in
defining American foreign policy during the Cold War.[1] He likewise played a central role in the
creation of many important institutions, including Lend Lease, the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan,
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank, together
with the early organizations that later became the European Union and the World Trade Organization.
3. Joseph McCarthy
Joseph Raymond McCarthy was an American politician who served as a Republican U.S.
Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957. Beginning in 1950, McCarthy
became the most visible public face of a period in which Cold War tensions fueled fears of widespread
Communist subversion. He was noted for making claims that there were large numbers of Communists
and Soviet spies and sympathizers inside the United States federal government and elsewhere.
4. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Julius Rosenberg and Ethel Greenglass Rosenberg were American communists who were
executed in 1953 for conspiracy to commit espionage. The charges related to passing information about
the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. This was the first execution of civilians for espionage in United
States history.
5. Thomas Dewey
Thomas Edmund Dewey was the 47th Governor of New York. In 1944 and 1948, he was the
Republican candidate for President, but lost both times. He led the liberal faction of the Republican
Party, in which he fought conservative Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft.
6. Adlai Stevenson
Adlai Ewing Stevenson II was an American politician, noted for his intellectual demeanor,
eloquent oratory, and promotion of liberal causes in the Democratic Party. He served as the 31st
Governor of Illinois, and received the Democratic Party's nomination for president in 1952 and 1956;
both times he was defeated by Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower.
7. Dwight D. Eisenhower
Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was a five-star general in the United States Army and the 34th
President of the United States, from 1953 until 1961. During the Second World War, he served as
Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe, with responsibility for planning and supervising
the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944–45. In 1951, he became the first supreme
commander of NATO.
8. Richard M. Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon was the 37th President of the United States from 1969–1974 and was
also the 36th Vice President of the United States (1953–1961). Nixon was the only President to resign
the office and also the only person to be elected twice to both the Presidency and the Vice Presidency.
9. Yalta Conference
The Yalta Conference, sometimes called the Crimea Conference and codenamed the Argonaut
Conference, was the February 4–11, 1945 wartime meeting of the heads of government of the United
States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union—President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister
Winston Churchill, and General Secretary Joseph Stalin, respectively—for the purpose of discussing
Europe's postwar reorganization. Mainly, it was intended to discuss the re-establishment of the nations
of war-torn Europe.
10. Cold War
The Cold War was the continuing state of political conflict, military tension, proxy wars, and
economic competition existing after World War II (1939–1945), primarily between the Soviet Union
and its satellite states, and the powers of the Western world, particularly the United States. Although the
primary participants' military forces never officially clashed directly, they expressed the conflict
through military coalitions, strategic conventional force deployments, extensive aid to states deemed
vulnerable, proxy wars, espionage, propaganda, a nuclear arms race, economic and technological
competitions, such as the Space Race.
11. U.N. Security Conference

12. Nuremberg Trials

The Nuremberg Trials were a series of military tribunals, held by the main victorious Allied
forces of World War II, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political,
military, and economic leadership of the defeated Nazi Germany.
13. “iron curtain”
The concept of the Iron Curtain symbolized the ideological and physical boundary dividing
Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in
1991.
14. Berlin aircraft
The Berlin Blockade was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War and the first
such crisis that resulted in casualties. During the multinational occupation of post-World War II
Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway and road access to the sectors of Berlin
under their control.
15. “containment doctrine”
Containment was a United States policy using military, economic, and diplomatic strategies to
temper the spread of Communism, enhance America’s security and influence abroad, and prevent a
"domino effect".
16. Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine is the common name for the Cold War strategy of containment versus the
Soviet Union and the expansion of communism. This doctrine was first promulgated by President
Harry Truman in an address to the U.S. Congress on February 27, 1947.
17. Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan was the primary program, 1947–51, of the United States for rebuilding and
creating a stronger economic foundation for the countries of Western Europe.
18. NSA
The National Security Act of 1947 was signed by United States President Harry S. Truman on
July 26, 1947, and realigned and reorganized the U.S. Armed Forces, foreign policy, and Intelligence
Community apparatus in the aftermath of World War II.
19. Taft-Hartley Act
The Labor–Management Relations Act is a United States federal law that monitors the activities
and power of labor unions.
20. House Committee on Un-American Activities
The House Committee on Un-American Activities was an investigative committee of the United
States House of Representatives.
21. McCarran Act
The Internal Security Act (a.k.a the Subversive Activities Control Act, McCarran Act or ISA) of
1950 is a United States federal law that required the registration of Communist organizations with the
United States Attorney General and established the Subversive Activities Control Board to investigate
persons suspected of engaging in subversive activities or otherwise promoting the establishment of a
"totalitarian dictatorship," fascist or communist.
22. Dixiecrats
The States' Rights Democratic Party (commonly known as the Dixiecrats) was a shortlived
segregationist, socially conservative political party in the United States.
23. Fair Deal
In September of 1945, United States President Harry Truman addressed Congress and presented
a 21 point program of domestic legislation outlining a series of proposed actions in the fields of
economic development and social welfare. The proposals to congress became more and more abundant
and by 1948 a legislative program that was more comprehensive came to be known as the Fair Deal.
24. Hydrogen bomb
The Teller–Ulam design is the nuclear weapon design concept used in most of the world's
nuclear weapons. Colloquially referred to as "the secret of the hydrogen bomb," because it employs
hydrogen fusion to generate neutrons, in most applications the bulk of its destructive energy comes
from uranium fission, not hydrogen fusion.
25. Thirty eighth parallel
After the ceasefire that effectively ended the Korean War in 1953, a new border was established
through the middle of the Demilitarized Zone, which cuts across the 38th parallel at an acute angle,
from southwest to northeast. The 38th parallel was also the place where the ceasefire was called to end
the fighting.