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loads, which can result in low resource utilization and wastage of energy.
Cloud datacenter, on
the other hand, can reduce the energy consumed through server
consolidation, whereby different
workloads can share the same physical host using virtualization and unused
servers can be
switched off. A recent research by Accenture [7] shows that moving business
applications to
Cloud can reduce carbon footprint of organizations. According to the report,
small businesses
saw the most dramatic reduction in emissions up to 90 percent while using
Cloud resources.
Large corporations can save at least 30-60 percent in carbon emissions using
Cloud applications,
and mid-size businesses can save 60-90 percent.
Contrary to the above opinion, some studies, for example Greenpeace [6],
observe that the Cloud
phenomenon may aggravate the problem of carbon emissions and global
warming. The reason
given is that the collective demand for computing resources is expected to
further increase
dramatically in the next few years. Even the most efficiently built datacenter
with the highest
utilization rates will only mitigate, rather than eliminate, harmful CO2
emissions. The reason
given is that Cloud providers are more interested in electricity cost reduction
rather than carbon
emission. The data collected by the study is presented in Table 1 below.
Clearly, none of the
cloud datacenter in the table can be called as green.
Research studies done during the last 5 years indicate that Indian businesses are willing to
spend over 36% of their IT costs on public cloud services due to its business flexibility
and low costs. The study made by Gartner explains that public cloud service sales are
worth 24.54 billion INR in 2013, which is a 36% increase compared to 2010 figures.
Gartner predicts that growth is constant at compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of
33.2%. Smaller companies are more willing and quick to adopt public clouds because it
reduces their upfront costs associated with new hardware, software implementations and
maintenance costs. The Gartner study also predicts that the business potential of cloud
computing in India will touch 89 billion INR by 2017. This statistical data is quite likely
to change soon, but first let us have a look into cloud adoption across a few sectors.
Cloud adoption in manufacturing: Indian manufacturing sector has come a long way and the use
of IT in manufacturing can be found since last over 2 decades. Since 2010, CIOs in Indian
manufacturing have started adopting cloud models and this is highlighted in many research
studies and industry circles. Some of the most notable application areas in manufacturing suited
for cloud are CRM and supply chain applications which provide better connectivity to external
stakeholders and customers. The area of business intelligence (BI) and business analytics (BA) is
highly important for manufacturing sector because of large amounts of data generated in
manufacturing which is a challenge for CIOs. For instance analytics will help the organization to
better forecast products range and provide analysis for future investments in different business
areas. BI helps to understand customer demands and provide inputs for demand shaping. Human
machine interface (HMI) is another area where companies such as Jindal Steel have adopted
cloud model for their HMI applications to quickly recover their ROI. HMI refers to interfacing
IT systems like ERP with manufacturing executing systems (MES) and plant automation. In
addition to the above applications, the other areas where cloud enhances manufacturing
effectiveness are in data warehousing, information security, green IT, and many others.
Cloud adoption in Indian IT industry: The research by IDC titled Indian Cloud Market
Overview 2011-2016 provides estimates that Indian cloud market will grow over 70% from
2014. The cloud is transforming Indian IT industry and some of the highlights include,
With increased number of IT companies and ISPs in India, cloud IaaS model is helping
SMEs to have access to latest infrastructure thus reducing their in-house infrastructure costs.
PaaS model provides immense advantages for software companies. PaaS supports
developers with different development platforms and in turn providing savings to the company
from heavy capital expenditure.
Organizations big and small are having advantages by adopting SaaS model. For
example, Indian companies by implementing applications such as SAP Business, Office 365, etc.
tend to benefit greatly from the hassles of maintaining IT applications to result in cost savings.
In addition to the above highlighted sectors, cloud service models are used in other industry
domains such as finance and banking, advertising, health care, etc., slowly but steadily. The slow
pace can be attributed to certain barriers such as inadequate knowledge of cloud technologies,
connectivity issues and customer awareness in terms of ROI in cloud adoption.
The key drivers for IT growth in India is highlighted by the growing acceptance of cloud based
solutions, embracing merging technologies like Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, mobile
technologies (3G, 4G) and fuelled by Indian governments initiatives for a digital India. In a
recent research done by Zinnov Management Consulting titled Indias Domestic IT Market
Landscape 2015, the estimated Indian IT market is at $36 billion in 2015 with 14% growth to
reach $65 billion in 2020. The report explains that,
The Indian governments Digital India project provides potential opportunities for cloud
adoption at a cost of $19 billion between 2014-2018
The estimated growth of public cloud market is pegged at $7.4-7.6 billion and private
cloud at the rate of $7 billion by 2020
The above studies and data indicate that cloud adoption is fast catching up in India and
transforming IT services to provide a new direction. In addition to this, new mobile technologies
like SMAC (Social Mobile Analytics Cloud) are used by business organizations to gain
competitive advantage and growth. NASSCOMs Perspective 2020 report is highly optimistic
about Indias progress in mobility, broadband and internet connectivity over the next 2 years and
beyond. From the above, it is more apparent that, cloud offers the most ideal infrastructure for
operating a variety of IT applications across all types of organizations in India.