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Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation

Hybrid Drive Systems for Vehicles


L3
Non ideal vehicle components
The conventional vehicle

Mats Alakla

EHS

Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation

So far
No ICE efficiency and limitation model
No transmission efficiency model
Modelling needed !
Today the ICE and the transmission

Mats Alakla

EHS

Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation

ICE combustion principles


Otto
Balanced fuel/air ratio
Injection, ignition and throttle controlled

Diesel
No throttle
Direct diesel injection

Mats Alakla

EHS

Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation

Primary energy converters The


ICE
Reciprocating or rotating

Mats Alakla

EHS

ICE combustion cycles


Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation

Four stroke

Two stroke

Mats Alakla

EHS

Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation

ICE modelling
Efficiency in stationary operation

DIESEL

OTTO
Mats Alakla

EHS

Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation

ICE Optimal working point

Nm

M
RP

P = mechanical power
Mats Alakla

EHS

Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation

ICE Dynamics
Look up tables only true in stationary operation
In a transient, several phenomena cause deviations:
Wall wetting
Air flow dynamics

Quasi stationary OK, slower than e.g. 0.51 second


time constant.
Possible in Hybrid Vehicles. Not really in
conventional vehicles.
Soot att to high fuel/air mixtures, especially diesel.
Getting up through the soot-map

Mats Alakla

EHS

Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation

Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation

Transmissions (Manual)

Mats Alakla

Mats Alakla
EHS

Transmissions (Dual Clutch)

EHS

Transmissions (CVT)
Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation

Continuously Variable Transmission

Mats Alakla

EHS

Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation

Transmissions (Aut w torque conv)

Mats Alakla

EHS

Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation

Modelling of the transmission in the


Simulation program

Mats Alakla

EHS

Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation

Manual transmission gear shift


strategy
1. The desired ICE power is calculated
2. The corresponding ICE Torque and
Speed is picked
3. Based on vehicle speed and desired ICE
speed, the best operating point for the
ICE is determined.
4. The real (available) gear position with
closest gear ration is selected

Mats Alakla

EHS

Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation

To Simulink

Mats Alakla
EHS

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